WO2013147081A1 - 生体物質検出方法 - Google Patents
生体物質検出方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013147081A1 WO2013147081A1 PCT/JP2013/059374 JP2013059374W WO2013147081A1 WO 2013147081 A1 WO2013147081 A1 WO 2013147081A1 JP 2013059374 W JP2013059374 W JP 2013059374W WO 2013147081 A1 WO2013147081 A1 WO 2013147081A1
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/543—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with an insoluble carrier for immobilising immunochemicals
- G01N33/54393—Improving reaction conditions or stability, e.g. by coating or irradiation of surface, by reduction of non-specific binding, by promotion of specific binding
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/531—Production of immunochemical test materials
- G01N33/532—Production of labelled immunochemicals
- G01N33/533—Production of labelled immunochemicals with fluorescent label
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/58—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving labelled substances
- G01N33/582—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving labelled substances with fluorescent label
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/58—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving labelled substances
- G01N33/585—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving labelled substances with a particulate label, e.g. coloured latex
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/30—Staining; Impregnating ; Fixation; Dehydration; Multistep processes for preparing samples of tissue, cell or nucleic acid material and the like for analysis
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a biological substance detection method, and more particularly to tissue staining that is stained using a fluorescent label.
- Pathological diagnosis is performed as one of medical diagnoses.
- the pathologist diagnoses the disease from a piece of tissue collected from the human body and tells the clinician whether treatment or surgery is necessary.
- the medical doctor determines the drug treatment policy, and the surgical doctor determines whether or not to perform the operation.
- tissue specimens obtained by organ excision and needle biopsy are sliced to a thickness of several microns to create tissue specimens, and they are widely observed with an optical microscope to obtain various findings. It has been broken.
- a specimen is prepared by dehydrating and collecting a paraffin block to fix the collected tissue, then slicing it to a thickness of several ⁇ m, and removing the paraffin.
- immunostaining In pathological diagnosis, immunological observation, called immunostaining, is performed to diagnose functional abnormalities such as abnormal expression of genes and proteins by applying molecular target staining for confirming the expression of molecular information in specimens.
- a dye staining method using an enzyme DAB staining or the like
- DAB staining measures the amount of antigen by staining and observing the antigen to be observed using the peroxidase-modified antibody that can develop color using diaminobenzidine (DAB) as a substrate.
- DAB staining measures the amount of antigen by staining and observing the antigen to be observed using the peroxidase-modified antibody that can develop color using diaminobenzidine (DAB) as a substrate.
- DAB staining measures the amount of antigen by staining and observing the antigen to be observed using the peroxidase-modified antibody that can develop color using diaminobenzidine (DAB) as a substrate.
- Cell nucleus, lime, cartilage tissue, bacteria and mucus are stained blue-blue to light blue by hematoxylin staining, and cytoplasm, stroma, various fibers, erythrocytes and keratinocytes are stained red to dark red by eosin staining.
- the pathologist makes a diagnosis based on morphological information such as changes in the size and shape of the cell nucleus and changes in the pattern of the tissue in the microscopic image of the stained tissue specimen, and staining information. ing. Examples of other morphological observation staining include Papanicolaou staining (Pap staining) used for cytology. By performing both morphological staining and immunostaining on one section, it is possible to simultaneously perform morphological observation and immunological observation of the specimen.
- Non-Patent Document 3 DAB staining is often used for immunological observation.
- staining with an enzyme label such as DAB staining has a problem that it is difficult to estimate the actual amount of antibody or the like from the staining concentration because the staining concentration greatly depends on environmental conditions such as temperature and time. Therefore, in immunological observation in pathological diagnosis, a fluorescent labeling method using a fluorescent label is performed instead of staining with an enzyme label. This method is characterized in that it has better quantitativeness than DAB staining (Non-Patent Document 1).
- Observation using a fluorescent label is performed by a confocal laser microscope or an epi-fluorescence microscope.
- a typical incident light fluorescent microscope has light with an irradiation light intensity 100 times that of 1000 W / m 2 which is a normal sunlight exposure test condition as found in the standard JIS C 8914 of the solar cell.
- Non-Patent Documents 2 to 3, Patent Documents). 4 fluorescent dyes and inorganic nanoparticles and their aggregates.
- the integrated body is more preferable from the viewpoint of light resistance, but integration alone is not sufficient for the light resistance performance required in the fluorescence microscope observation.
- the integration body is more preferable from a viewpoint of a signal.
- aqueous encapsulants and oil-based encapsulants are known as encapsulants for encapsulating stained pathological sections.
- the water-based encapsulant has a large difference in refractive index from the sample, so that it is difficult to make the sample transparent or permanent.
- oil-based encapsulants have characteristics that they have a small difference in refractive index from the specimen and can make the specimen transparent, have good morphological dyeing and coloring, and are used as standard for permanent specimens. For this reason, the oil-based encapsulant is preferably used for specimen preparation.
- a mounting medium for immunostaining specimens permanent specimens can be prepared, and in the case of double staining with morphological staining, it is better to use an oil-based mounting medium with good morphological staining color and color development. It is considered more preferable.
- a confocal laser microscope or a fluorescence microscope is used to observe the fluorescent label.
- a high-intensity excitation light hits a stained section during fluorescence observation.
- the fluorescent label using a fluorescent dye or the like gradually deteriorates, and has a great influence on fluorescence observation and determination of immunostaining results.
- the fluorescent label is free from deterioration, and the light resistance needs to be improved.
- a method of mixing an anti-fading agent with the encapsulant can be considered.
- an aqueous encapsulant for example, when 4 ′, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) is used as a fluorescent dye, for example, 1,4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane (DABCO) or prolong gold Improvement of the light resistance of DAPI is performed by using a fading inhibitor such as (registered trademark, manufactured by Molecular Probes).
- a fading inhibitor such as (registered trademark, manufactured by Molecular Probes).
- oil-based encapsulants for fluorescent dye staining has the above-mentioned problems, and so far, oil-based encapsulants have not been used for fluorescent dye staining. For this reason, there has been no motivation to mix an oil-based encapsulant with an anti-fading agent and use it in fluorescent dyeing, and no such attempt has been made.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a staining method in which fluorescence stainability does not deteriorate even when an oil-based encapsulant is used in a fluorescent immunostained specimen. Furthermore, in the fluorescent immunostaining specimen obtained by the staining method, there is provided a method for preventing deterioration of the fluorescent label due to irradiation of excitation light and improving light resistance. It is also to provide a kit for use in the use of these methods.
- the present inventors have carried out a fixing treatment after binding the fluorescent label in the staining using the fluorescent label, so that the fluorescent staining property is not affected even if the oil-based encapsulating agent is used. I found that it did not decrease. Furthermore, it has been found that the light resistance performance of the fluorescent label can be greatly improved by incorporating an anti-fading agent into the oil-based encapsulant used at that time, and the present invention has been completed.
- the present invention in order to achieve at least one of the above problems, the present invention includes the following matters.
- a biological substance detection method for specifically detecting a biological substance from a pathological section comprising an immunostaining process using a fluorescent label, a section fixing process, and an organic solvent that is not freely miscible with water
- a biological substance detection method comprising: an encapsulation process step of encapsulating a section using an agent.
- a kit for use in the biological material detection method according to item [1] An encapsulant containing an organic solvent that is not freely miscible with water;
- a pathological section used in the biological material detection method according to item [1], wherein immunostaining treatment using a fluorescent label for specifically detecting biological material, fixation treatment, and free mixing with water A pathological section that has been encapsulated with an encapsulant containing an organic solvent that does not.
- a specimen in which the light resistance of the fluorescent label is further improved can be produced. If the biological substance detection kit of item [3] is used, a specimen that can be prepared by the method of item [1] can be obtained.
- the section of the item [5] is a specimen obtained by the method of the item [1] that does not deteriorate the fluorescent staining property, and is a permanent sample. It is a pathological section that is an immunostained specimen using a fluorescent label with good taste and color development.
- a biological material detection method is a method for specifically detecting a biological material from a pathological section. Basically, (1) immunostaining a pathological section using a fluorescent label. And (2) irradiating the stained pathological section with excitation light to cause fluorescence emission, and detecting a biological substance from the pathological section.
- the step (1) includes a section fixing treatment step and an encapsulation step.
- the process of (1) may have processes, such as a deparaffinization process and an activation process, like the general biological substance detection method. Further, either before or after the step (1), a step of observing and staining a pathological section using a staining agent for morphological observation may be included. By doing so, it is possible to simultaneously perform immunostaining using a fluorescent label and morphological observation staining using a staining agent for morphological observation.
- a fluorescent dye in particular, in the step of immunostaining the pathological section of (1), (A) a fluorescent dye, (B) a fluorescent nanoparticle, (C) a fluorescent dye-containing nanoparticle, (D) a fluorescent nanoparticle as a fluorescent label.
- Particle-containing particles can be used. Higher brightness of the fluorescent label is preferable from the viewpoint of the ratio of the signal value to the fluorescence of eosin or cell autofluorescence, which is noise. Therefore, as the fluorescent label of the present invention, (B) fluorescent nanoparticles, (C) fluorescent dye-containing nanoparticles, and (D) fluorescent nanoparticle-containing particles have higher brightness than (A) fluorescent dyes. Is more preferably used.
- (C) fluorescent dye-containing nanoparticles and (D) fluorescent nanoparticle-containing particles that are aggregates are particularly preferably used.
- the details of the fluorescent label for immunostaining, the immunostaining process, the staining agent for morphological observation, and the morphological observation dyeing process are as follows.
- the fluorescent label for immunostaining in the present invention may be any existing one as long as it can be used for immunostaining. Any of (A) fluorescent dye, (B) fluorescent nanoparticle, (C) fluorescent dye inclusion nanoparticle, and (D) fluorescent nanoparticle inclusion particle may be sufficient.
- any existing fluorescent dye may be used in the present invention. It can be obtained or produced by a known method.
- the encapsulated fluorescent dye is selected from, for example, rhodamine dye molecules, squarylium dye molecules, cyanine dye molecules, aromatic ring dye molecules, oxazine dye molecules, carbopyronine dye molecules, and pyromesene dye molecules. can do.
- Alexa Fluor registered trademark, manufactured by Invitrogen
- BODIPY registered trademark, manufactured by Invitrogen
- Cy registered trademark, manufactured by GE Healthcare
- Dy registered trademark, manufactured by GE Healthcare
- HiLyte registered trademark, manufactured by Anaspec
- dye molecule DyLight (registered trademark, manufactured by Thermo Scientific)
- ATTO registered trademark, manufactured by ATTO-TEC
- MFP registered trademark, manufactured by Mobitec
- the generic names of such dye molecules are named based on the main structure (skeleton) in the compound or the registered trademark, and the range of fluorescent dyes belonging to each is appropriate for those skilled in the art without undue trial and error. Can be grasped.
- rhodamine dye molecules include 5-carboxy-rhodamine, 6-carboxy-rhodamine, 5,6-dicarboxy-rhodamine, rhodamine 6G, tetramethylrhodamine, X-rhodamine, Texas Red, Spectrum® Red, LD700® PERCHLORATE , Etc.
- squarylium dye molecule examples include SRfluor 680-Carboxylate, 1,3-Bis [4- (dimethylamino) -2-hydroxyphenyl] -2,4-dihydroxycyclobutenedidium dihydroxide, bis, 1,3-Bis, dimethylyl)) phenyl] -2,4-dihydroxycyclobutenedidium dihydroxide, bis, 2- (4- (Dithylamino) -2-hydroxy-4-hydroxy, 4- (dithyrimino) -2-hydryloxy-2-hydroxy-3-2-hydroxy-3 oxocyclobut-1-eno ate, 2- (4- (Dibutylamino) -2-hydroxyphenyl) -4- (4- (dibutylimino) -2-hydroxycyclohexa-2,5-diylenedene) -3-oxycyclobut-1-enolate, 2- (8-Hydroxy) -1,1,7,7-tetramethyl
- cyanine dye molecules include 1-Butyl-2- [5- (1-butyl-1,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-2H-indol-2-ylidene) -penta-1,3. -Dienyl] -3,3-dimethyl-3eiti-indolium hexafluorophosphate, 1-Butyl-2- [5- (1-butyl-3,3-dimethyl-1,3-dihydro-indol-2-ylidene) -3- chloro-penta-1,3-dienyl] -3,3-dimethyl-3H-indolium hexafluorophosphate, 3-Ethyl-2- [5- (3-ethyl-3H-benzothiazol-2-ylide e) -penta-1,3-dienyl] -benzothiazol-3-ium iodide, and the like.
- aromatic ring dye molecule examples include N, NN-Bis- (2,6-diisopropylphenyl) -1,6,7,12- (4-tert-butylphenoxy) -perylene-3,4,9,10.
- oxazine dye molecule examples include Cresyl violet, Oxazine 170, EVOblue 30, Nile Blue and the like.
- carbopyronine dye molecule examples include CARBOPPYRONIN 149.
- pyromesene dye molecule examples include PYRROMETHENE650.
- Alexa Fluor dye molecule examples include Alexa Fluor 555, Alexa Fluor 568, Alexa Fluor 594, Alexa Fluor 610, Alexa Fluor 633, Alexa Fluor 635, Alexa Fluor 647, Alexa Fluor 647, Alexa Fluor 647, Alexa Fluor 635, Alexa Fluor 635, Alexa Fluor 635, Alexa Fluor 635, Alexa Fluor 635, Alexa Fluor 635, Alexa Fluor 635 , Alexa Fluor 635 , Alexa Fluor 750 and the like (manufactured by Invitrogen).
- BODIPY dye molecules include BODIPY FL, BODIPY TMR, BODIPY 493/503, BODIPY 530/550, BODIPY 558/568, BODIPY 564/570, BODIPY 576/589, BODIPY 581/591, 3061 , BODIPY 650/665 (manufactured by Invitrogen) and the like.
- Cy-based dye molecule examples include Cy3.5, Cy5, and Cy5.5 (manufactured by GE Healthcare).
- DY dye molecule include DY-590, DY-610, DY-615, DY-630, DY-631, DY-632, DY-633, DY-634 (manufactured by DYOMICS). Can be mentioned.
- HiLyte dye molecule examples include HiLyte 594, HiLyte Fluor TR (manufactured by Anaspec).
- DyLight type dye molecule examples include DyLight 594, DyLight 633 (manufactured by Thermo Scientific).
- ATTO dye molecules include ATTO590, ATTO610, ATTO620, ATTO633, ATTO655, and the like (manufactured by ATTO-TEC).
- MFP dye molecules include MFP590, MFP631 (manufactured by Mobitec) and the like.
- examples of other dyes include C-Phycocyanin, Phycocyanin, APC (Allophycocyanin), APC-XL, and NorthernLights637 (manufactured by R & D Systems).
- these derivatives can be mentioned.
- the fluorescent nanoparticles used in the present invention have a particle size of 1 to 500 nm, preferably 10 to 200 nm.
- the fluorescent nanoparticles are composed of a semiconductor or a phosphor.
- the semiconductor for example, a group II-VI semiconductor such as ZnSe, ZnTe, CdSe, CdTe, PbS, PbSe, PbTe or the like, or a group II-VI semiconductor such as AlAs, AlSb, GaP, GaAs, GaSb, InP, InAs, InSb, or the like is used. From the viewpoint of toxicity, GaP and InP can be preferably used.
- the phosphor for example, Y 2 O 3 , YVO 4 , ZnO, ZnS, or the like can be used for the base material, and Eu, Nd, or the like can be used for the emission center.
- the excitation wavelength is suitable for observation.
- fluorescent dye-containing nanoparticles From the viewpoint of the ratio of signal value to fluorescence of eosin or cell autofluorescence, which is noise, it is preferable that the luminance of the fluorescent label is high. Therefore, as the fluorescent label in the present invention, fluorescent dye-containing nanoparticles having higher brightness than fluorescent dyes are more preferably used.
- Fluorescent pigment-encapsulated nanoparticles are nano-sized particles having a structure in which a plurality of fluorescent pigments are encapsulated in organic or inorganic particles (matrix).
- the fluorescent dye-containing nanoparticles used in the present invention can be prepared by a known method after selecting an appropriate fluorescent dye and an organic or inorganic material that forms the particles.
- organic or inorganic substances that form particles include polystyrene, polyamide, polylactic acid, polyacrylonitrile, polyglycidyl methacrylate, polymelamine, polyurea, polybenzoguanamine, polyfuran, polyxylene, phenolic resin, polysaccharides, silica, and the like.
- the thing which can include fluorescent dye is mentioned. By encapsulating the fluorescent dye in such particles, deterioration due to irradiation of excitation light is less likely to occur (higher light resistance) than the fluorescent dye alone.
- Fluorescent dyes encapsulated may be the fluorescent dyes listed in the item (A) Fluorescent dye. Moreover, those derivatives (what can function as a fluorescent pigment, for example, a well-known derivative) can be mentioned.
- the fluorescent dyes as described above may be included in the fluorescent dye-containing nanoparticles in a single kind or in a mixture of a plurality of kinds.
- fluorescent dyes such as aromatic ring dye molecules and rhodamine dye molecules are preferred because of their relatively high light resistance, and among them, perylene belonging to aromatic ring dye molecules, particularly perylene diimide is preferred.
- perylene belonging to aromatic ring dye molecules, particularly perylene diimide is preferred.
- fluorescent dye-containing nanoparticles satisfying the predetermined luminance retention rate according to the present invention can be produced by selecting an appropriate matrix.
- the method for producing the fluorescent dye-encapsulated nanoparticles is not particularly limited. Any method may be used for introducing the dye into the particle, such as a method of synthesizing the particle by bonding a dye molecule to the monomer as the particle raw material, or a method of introducing the dye by adsorbing the dye to the particle.
- the average particle diameter of the fluorescent dye-containing nanoparticles is not particularly limited, but is usually 10 to 500 nm, preferably 50 to 200 nm. Further, the coefficient of variation indicating the variation in particle diameter is not particularly limited, but is usually 20% or less, and preferably 5 to 15%.
- the particle size of the fluorescent dye-encapsulated nanoparticles is obtained by taking an electron micrograph using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), measuring the cross-sectional area of the fluorescent dye-encapsulated nanoparticles, and calculating the measured value as the area of the corresponding circle. Can be measured as the diameter (area circle equivalent diameter).
- the average (average particle size) and coefficient of variation of the particle size of a population of fluorescent dye-containing nanoparticles are measured as described above for a sufficient number (for example, 1000) of fluorescent dye-containing nanoparticles. After that, the average particle diameter is calculated as its arithmetic average, and the coefficient of variation is calculated by the formula: 100 ⁇ standard deviation of particle diameter / average particle diameter.
- the fluorescent nanoparticle-containing particles used in the present invention are particles in which the fluorescent nanoparticles described in the above (B) are included in particles made of an organic substance or an inorganic substance.
- the fluorescent nanoparticles may be included in the fluorescent dye-encapsulated nanoparticles either alone or as a mixture of a plurality of types.
- the method for producing the fluorescent dye-containing nanoparticles is not particularly limited. Any method may be used for introducing fluorescent nanoparticles into the particles, such as a method of synthesizing particles by bonding fluorescent nanoparticles to the monomer that is the raw material of the particles, or a method of adsorbing and introducing fluorescent nanoparticles to the particles. .
- the excitation wavelength suitable for observation is adjusted by adjusting the particle size, matrix composition, and impurity content of the fluorescent nanoparticles to be included.
- the size of the fluorescent nanoparticle-containing particles is 10 to 500 nm, preferably 50 to 200 nm.
- morphological observation staining can be performed.
- hematoxylin and eosin staining using the two dyes of hematoxylin and eosin as described above is used as standard.
- Dyeing is not limited to this. Examples of other morphological observation staining include Papanicolaou staining (Pap staining) used for cytology.
- the nucleus, lime, cartilage tissue, bacteria, and mucus are stained blue-blue to light blue by hematoxylin staining, and cytoplasm, stroma, various fibers, erythrocytes, and keratinocytes are red to dark red by eosin staining. Stained.
- cell nuclei, limestone, cartilage tissue, bacteria, and mucus are stained blue-blue to light blue with a dye having the same absorption wavelength as that of hematoxylin and hematoxylin, similar to eosin analogs and eosin
- the cytoplasm, stroma, various fibers, erythrocytes, and keratinocytes may be stained red to dark red with a dye having the absorption wavelength and emission wavelength.
- a fluorescent staining method is used in which a biological substance to be detected is stained with a fluorescent label for immunostaining as described above.
- a label (conjugate) in which a fluorescent label and a primary antibody are directly bound is prepared, and the antigen is stained (primary antibody method).
- a label that directly binds the antibody to the secondary antibody and stains the antigen bound to the primary antibody (secondary antibody method)
- a label that directly binds the fluorescent label and biotin For example, a method (biotin-avidin method or sandwich method) of staining a combination of a primary antibody and a secondary antibody modified with avidin or streptavidin can be used.
- Any primary antibody may be used for immunostaining and will vary depending on the subject to be immunostained. For example, when performing immunostaining using HER2 as an antigen, an anti-HER2 antibody is used.
- any secondary antibody may be used, and varies depending on the primary antibody. Examples include anti-mouse, rabbit, cow, goat, sheep, dog and chicken antibodies.
- Any existing method may be used for binding the fluorescent label with the antibody or biotin.
- amidation by reaction of amine and carboxylic acid for example, amidation by reaction of amine and carboxylic acid, sulfidation by reaction of maleimide and thiol, imination by reaction of aldehyde and amine, amination by reaction of epoxy and amine can be used.
- the above immunostaining is not limited to tissue staining, and can also be applied to cell staining.
- the biological substance to be detected is not particularly limited as long as a substance that specifically binds to the biological substance exists.
- a combination of an antigen and an antibody is used as described above.
- a combination of a nucleic acid molecule (oligonucleotide, polynucleotide) and a nucleic acid molecule having a sequence capable of complementary binding thereto can be used. It is.
- the immobilization process performed in the staining method of the present invention is a process of immobilizing the fluorescent label introduced by the immunostaining process on a biological material or an antibody bound to the biological material.
- the fixation treatment can be performed by immersing the stained tissue section obtained by the histochemical staining step in the fixation treatment solution.
- it can be performed by immersing the stained tissue section obtained by the histochemical staining step in a dilute paraformaldehyde aqueous solution for about several minutes to several hours.
- Examples of the fixing treatment solution used in the present invention include cross-linking agents such as formalin, paraformaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, acetone, ethanol, methanol, and cell membrane permeants.
- cross-linking agents such as formalin, paraformaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, acetone, ethanol, methanol, and cell membrane permeants.
- formalin, paraformaldehyde, and glutaraldehyde are preferably used because they can be firmly fixed.
- the enclosing process includes a dehydration / penetration process using an organic solvent for a tissue section and an enclosing process using an oil-based encapsulant.
- the dehydration / penetration step is performed by washing the stained tissue section with an aqueous washing solution such as PBS, followed by dehydration with EtOH (ethanol) and xylene replacement.
- Dehydration with EtOH involves substituting EtOH by sequentially immersing the tissue sections in EtOH with a reduced water content such as 50%, 30%, 10%, or 0%. It is done in. By immersing the EtOH-substituted section in xylene, the xylene replacement is performed and the section is transparent.
- Encapsulation is performed by placing an oil-based encapsulant on the xylene-substituted section and placing a cover glass or the like.
- the encapsulant is composed of a solvent (encapsulated solvent) and a resin.
- an oil-based encapsulant (sometimes commonly referred to as a water-insoluble encapsulant) is used.
- An oil-based encapsulant refers to an encapsulant containing a solvent that is not freely miscible with water.
- the encapsulant of the present invention can contain an anti-fading agent. This is called an antifade-containing encapsulant.
- the mounting medium may be a commercially available oil-based mounting medium or prepared in-house.
- oil-based encapsulants include DPX (manufactured by Sigma-Aldrich. Main component: polystyrene polymer approximately 21.8%, xylene approximately 69.7%), Enteran New (registered trademark, manufactured by Merck Ltd., main component: acrylic) Resin, xylene about 60%), Paramount N (registered trademark, manufactured by Pharma Co., Ltd., main components: acrylic resin, aliphatic hydrocarbon).
- Commercially available oil-based encapsulants include those that can be used as they are, and those that are used after the product (stock solution) is diluted with a predetermined solvent.
- an oil-based encapsulant can be prepared by dissolving a natural resin such as Canadian balsam or a synthetic resin such as polystyrene or polymethyl methacrylate in an encapsulating solvent.
- a solvent containing an organic solvent that is not freely miscible with water is used as the encapsulating solvent.
- the solvent contained in the above-mentioned commercially available oil-based encapsulant, the predetermined solvent for diluting the commercially available oil-based encapsulant, the solvent used to prepare the oil-based encapsulant in-house correspond to the above-mentioned encapsulated solvent To do.
- an aromatic hydrocarbon an unsaturated hydrocarbon, a compound containing a carbonyl (ketone), an ester, an ether, or an alcohol can be selected and used.
- benzene, toluene, xylene and the like can be used as the aromatic hydrocarbon.
- unsaturated hydrocarbon limonene, pinene and the like can be used.
- ketone cyclohexanone, methyl ethyl ketone, or the like can be used.
- ester type butyl acetate or the like can be used.
- ether anisole, 1, 4-di (2-hydroxyethoxy) benzene, ethylene glycol monophenyl ether, or the like can be used.
- alcohol butanol, pentanol, hexanol and the like can be used.
- xylene, toluene, and limonene are preferable from the viewpoint of easy availability, a refractive index of about 1.5 close to the section, and a drying speed of about several tens of minutes suitable for work.
- any one organic solvent that is not freely miscible with water may be used alone, or a plurality of organic solvents may be mixed and used.
- the encapsulating solvent may be composed of only an organic solvent that is not freely miscible with water, and, if necessary, with an organic solvent that is not freely miscible with water, as long as the effect of the present invention is not impaired. And / or an organic solvent that is freely miscible with water.
- the ratio (volume%) of the solvent that is not miscible with water in the encapsulating solvent is usually 50 to 100%, preferably 70 to 100%, more preferably 90 to 100%.
- Encapsulants containing a solvent that is not miscible with water, specified in this range, have a small difference in refractive index from the sample and can make the sample transparent, have good morphological dyeing and color development, make it easier to create a permanent sample, Since it can be dehydrated, it is preferable from the viewpoint that it is easy to prevent mixing of water at the time of specimen preparation and that drying at the time of specimen preparation can be made uniform.
- the resin used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as the above conditions are satisfied. For example, natural resins such as Canadian balsam, synthetic resins such as polystyrene and polymethyl methacrylate, etc. Is mentioned.
- Anti-fading agent As anti-fading agents, there are no problems with solubility in encapsulated solvents including phenol, amine, phosphorus, sulfur, and unsaturated hydrocarbon anti-fading agents, including solvents that are not freely miscible with water. Can be selected and used.
- Phenol-based fading inhibitors include rutin, catechin, hesperidin, methyl hesperidin, myricitrin, quercetin, morin, fisetin, naringenin, naringin, hesperidin, taxifolin, apigenin, geosmin, luteolin, cyanidin, delphinidin, malvidin, pelargonidin, peargonidin , Tannins, tocopherols, tocotrienols, phenols derived from natural products, p-phenylazophenol, 4-nitroaniline, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxymethylphenol, N, N'-disalicylical -1,2-propanediamine, triethylene glycol-bis [3- (3-tert-butyl-5-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate], 1,6-hexanediol-bis [3- 3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxy
- amine-based color fading inhibitors examples include tertiary amines such as 1,4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane (DABCO), phenothiazine, and bis (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4 sebacate). -Piperidyl), secondary amines such as 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, and alkaloids such as caffeine can be used.
- DABCO 1,4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane
- phenothiazine phenothiazine
- bis (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4 sebacate bis (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4 sebacate).
- secondary amines such as 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine
- alkaloids such as caffeine
- Examples of phosphorus-based fading inhibitors include 2-mercaptobenzimidazole, triphenyl phosphite, tris (2-carboxyethyl) phosphine hydrochloride (TCEP HCl), diisodecylpentaerythritol diphosphite, 9,10-dihydro-9 -Oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene 10-oxide or the like can be used.
- sulfur-based fading inhibitors As sulfur-based fading inhibitors, sulfides such as didodecyl 3,3-thiodipropionate and 2,2′-thiodiethanol, dibenzyl disulfide, DL- ⁇ lipoic acid (thioctic acid), 3,6-dithia Disulfides such as -1,8-octanediol and thiols such as dithiothreitol and octanediol can be used.
- sulfides such as didodecyl 3,3-thiodipropionate and 2,2′-thiodiethanol, dibenzyl disulfide, DL- ⁇ lipoic acid (thioctic acid), 3,6-dithia Disulfides such as -1,8-octanediol and thiols such as dithiothreitol and octanediol can be used.
- Unsaturated hydrocarbons include lutein, lycopene, astaxanthin, canthaxanthin, capsanthin, myxoxanthophylls, zeaxanthin, carotenes, carotenes, carotenoids, xanthophylls, ascorbic acid, tocotrienols, unsaturated fatty acids, etc. Can be used.
- the anti-fading agent preferably contains at least one selected from the group consisting of phenol and amine. These anti-fading agents can more effectively prevent photobleaching by preventing oxidation by active oxygen that causes photobleaching of fluorescent labels.
- anti-fading agent Any one type of anti-fading agent may be used alone, or a plurality of types may be used in combination.
- These anti-fading agents preferably have no absorption at an absorption wavelength of 450 to 600 nm, and preferably have no emission at an emission wavelength of 500 to 700 nm, so as not to adversely affect observation under a fluorescence microscope. Absorption leads to a decrease in the brightness of the fluorescent label. In addition, if there is light emission, noise increases during observation with a fluorescence microscope.
- the absence of absorption of the anti-fading agent means that when the xylene solution of 1 mg / mL concentration of the anti-fading agent is prepared and placed in a 10 mm cell and the absorbance is measured, both the absorbance at 450 nm and 600 nm is 0. It means 5 or less.
- the section slide prepared using the encapsulant containing the anti-fading agent is transparent. “Transparent” means that the absorbance at 450 nm and 600 nm is 0.1 or less when the absorbance of the prepared section slide is measured at 450 to 600 nm.
- the stained pathological section may be irradiated with excitation light having an appropriate wavelength and output.
- Fluorescence observation may be performed from a lens barrel of a fluorescence microscope, or may be performed by separately displaying an image photographed by a camera installed on the fluorescence microscope on a display means (a monitor or the like). Although it depends on the fluorescent substance, there are cases where it is possible to observe the fluorescence through taking an image with a camera even if the fluorescence cannot be sufficiently observed by visual observation from the tube of the fluorescence microscope. You may use the filter which selectively permeate
- both immunostaining and morphological observation staining may be applied to the same pathological section, but when observing an image by morphological observation staining, a fluorescent label for immunostaining is used. It is not necessary to irradiate the excitation light for exciting the light, and the observation may be performed under the same observation conditions as the optical microscope.
- the fluorescence observation can be performed after irradiating the excitation light for an arbitrary time, but under normal irradiation conditions (irradiation energy, etc.), preferably within 90 minutes from the start of the excitation light, more preferably from the start of the excitation light. Do this within 30 minutes.
- the brightness of the fluorescent label does not change before and after observation with a fluorescence microscope.
- the luminance after light irradiation for 30 minutes is maintained at 70% before irradiation under the observation condition of 40 times the full aperture of a general fluorescent microscope. In this range of reduced luminance, it can be operated as a certain reliable biological substance detection method in the observation of fluorescent immunostaining.
- the biological material detection kit of the present invention is used for the biological material detection method of the present invention including the above steps.
- the biological material detection kit of the present invention has an encapsulant containing a solvent that is not freely miscible with water, or an encapsulant containing a solvent that is not freely miscible with water and an anti-fading agent.
- Such a biological substance detection method can have instructions for use described as instructions, a fluorescent label for immunostaining, and a fluorescent labeling reagent.
- the fluorescent label for immunostaining contained in the kit can be selected from the fluorescent labels described in the above section [Fluorescent label for immunostaining].
- the fluorescent labeling reagent the substances described in the above [Immunostaining step], for example, a primary antibody, a secondary antibody and the like can be selected.
- the encapsulant is an encapsulant described in the above [Encapsulant] section, and the solvent and resin constituting the encapsulant are the solvents and resins described in the above ⁇ Encapsulated solvent> and ⁇ Resin> section, respectively. You can choose from.
- the anti-fading agent can be selected from the anti-fading agents described in the above section [An anti-fading agent].
- the instructions for use included in the kit are instructions for use according to any of the biological material detection methods of the present invention for carrying out the method of the present invention.
- the specific mode of the instruction manual may be any as long as it can appropriately transmit the above information. For example, it may be printed on a piece of paper, packaging of a kit, a label of a component of the kit, or may be recorded in a computer-readable medium such as a diskette or CD.
- fluorescent label 1 Texas Red dye
- Sulforhodamine 101 acid chloride Texas Red dye, manufactured by Dojindo
- Streptavidin binding to the fluorescent dye was performed as follows.
- the Texas® Red dye was adjusted to 3 nM using PBS (phosphate buffered saline) containing 2 mM of EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid), and SM (PEG) 12 (Thermo) was added to this solution to a final concentration of 10 mM.
- PBS phosphate buffered saline
- EDTA ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
- SM 12 SM
- Thermo was added to this solution to a final concentration of 10 mM.
- succinimidyl-[(N-maleidopropionamid) -dodecaethyleneglycol] ester) was mixed and allowed to react for 1 hour. The mixture was centrifuged at 10,000 G for 20 minutes, the supernatant was removed, PBS containing 2 mM of EDTA was added, the precipitate was dispersed, and centrifuged again. By performing washing by the same procedure three times, fluorescent dye-encapsulated nanoparticles
- streptavidin manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.
- SATA N-succinimidyl S-acetylthioacetate
- the above Texas® Red dye and streptavidin were mixed in PBS containing 2 mM of EDTA and allowed to react for 1 hour. 10 mM mercaptoethanol was added to stop the reaction. After concentrating the obtained solution with a centrifugal filter, unreacted streptavidin and the like were removed using a gel filtration column for purification to obtain a streptavidin-bound Texas® Red dye.
- Fluorescent label 2 Perylene dye
- Perylene diimide used as a fluorescent dye was prepared by the following method. N, N′-Bis (2,6-diisopropylphenyl) -1,6,7,12-tetraphenylperylene-3,4: 9,10-tetracarboxdiimide was treated with concentrated sulfuric acid to produce a perylene diimide sulfonic acid derivative. This was converted to an acid chloride to obtain a perylene diimide sulfonic acid chloride derivative. A streptavidin-binding dye was obtained in the same manner as the fluorescent dye 1 except that this was used.
- the resulting particles (0.1 mg) were dispersed in 1.5 mL of EtOH, and 2 ⁇ L of aminepropyltrimethoxysilane LS-3150 (manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.) was added and reacted for 8 hours for surface amination treatment.
- the obtained dye-encapsulated nanoparticles were adjusted to 3 nM using PBS (phosphate buffered saline) containing 2 mM of EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid), and SM (PEG) was added to this solution to a final concentration of 10 mM. ) 12 (manufactured by Thermo Scientific, succinimidyl-[(N-maleidopropionamid) -dodecaethyleneglycol] ester) was mixed and allowed to react for 1 hour. The mixture was centrifuged at 10,000 G for 20 minutes, the supernatant was removed, PBS containing 2 mM of EDTA was added, the precipitate was dispersed, and centrifuged again. By performing washing by the same procedure three times, fluorescent dye-encapsulated nanoparticles having a maleimide group at the end were obtained.
- PBS phosphate buffered saline
- EDTA ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
- streptavidin manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.
- SATA N-succinimidyl S-acetylthioacetate
- the above fluorescent nanoparticles and streptavidin were mixed in PBS containing 2 mM of EDTA and reacted for 1 hour. 10 mM mercaptoethanol was added to stop the reaction. After the obtained solution was concentrated with a centrifugal filter, unreacted streptavidin and the like were removed using a gel filtration column for purification to obtain streptavidin-bound TexasTRed dye-encapsulated melamine nanoparticles.
- fluorescent label 4 perylene dye-encapsulated melamine nanoparticles
- the perylene diimide sulfonic acid derivative described in the dye 2 was used as a fluorescent dye. Except that, streptavidin-linked perylene dye-encapsulated melamine nanoparticles were obtained in the same manner as in the fluorescent dye 3 method.
- fluorescent label 5 Fluorescent label 5: FITC dye-encapsulated melamine nanoparticles
- fluorescein isothiocyanate manufactured by Dojin Chemical Co., Ltd., FITC
- streptavidin-binding FITC dye-encapsulated melamine nanoparticles were obtained in the same manner as the fluorescent dye 3 described above.
- Fluorescent label 6 Texas Red dye-encapsulated silica nanoparticles
- 3.4 mg of Texas Red dye used in fluorescent label 1 and 3 ⁇ L of 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, manufactured by Shin-Etsu Silicone, KBM903) were mixed in DMF to obtain an organoalkoxysilane compound.
- 0.6 mL of the obtained organoalkoxysilane compound was mixed with 48 mL of ethanol, 0.6 mL of TEOS (tetraethoxysilane), 2 mL of water, 2 mL of 28% aqueous ammonia for 3 hours.
- TEOS tetraethoxysilane
- the mixed solution prepared in the above step was centrifuged at 10,000 G for 20 minutes, and the supernatant was removed. Ethanol was added to disperse the sediment and centrifuged again. In the same procedure, washing with ethanol and pure water was performed twice. Texas Red dye-encapsulated silica nanoparticles were obtained.
- the obtained dye-encapsulated nanoparticles were adjusted to 3 nM using PBS (phosphate buffered saline) containing 2 mM of EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid), and SM (PEG) was added to this solution to a final concentration of 10 mM. ) 12 (manufactured by Thermo Scientific, succinimidyl-[(N-maleidopropionamid) -dodecaethyleneglycol] ester) was mixed and allowed to react for 1 hour. The mixture was centrifuged at 10,000 G for 20 minutes, the supernatant was removed, PBS containing 2 mM of EDTA was added, the precipitate was dispersed, and centrifuged again. By performing washing by the same procedure three times, fluorescent dye-encapsulated nanoparticles having a maleimide group at the end were obtained.
- PBS phosphate buffered saline
- EDTA ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
- streptavidin manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.
- SATA N-succinimidyl S-acetylthioacetate
- Fluorescent label 7 perylene dye-encapsulated silica nanoparticles
- Perylene diimide used in the fluorescent label 2 was used as the fluorescent dye. Except that, streptavidin-linked perylene dye-encapsulated silica nanoparticles were obtained in the same manner as in the fluorescent dye 6 method.
- fluorescent label 8 FITC dye-encapsulated silica-encapsulated nanoparticles
- the FITC used in fluorescent dye 3 was used as the fluorescent dye. Except that, streptavidin-linked perylene dye-encapsulated silica nanoparticles were obtained in the same manner as in the fluorescent dye 6 method.
- Texas Red dye-containing polystyrene particles were prepared by a soap-free emulsion polymerization method.
- a fluorescent dye Sulforhodamine 101 acid chloride (Texas Red dye manufactured by Dojin Co., Ltd.) and 4-aminostyrene (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) were mixed for 1 hour at room temperature to prepare a dye-bound styrene.
- Purification was performed by dispersing the collected particles in pure water and collecting them again by centrifugation. The obtained particles were added to excess ammonia water to convert the epoxy group at the end of the particle into an amino group, thereby obtaining dye-encapsulated polystyrene nanoparticles having an amino group at the end.
- the obtained dye-encapsulated nanoparticles were adjusted to 3 nM using PBS (phosphate buffered saline) containing 2 mM of EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid), and SM (PEG) was added to this solution to a final concentration of 10 mM. ) 12 (manufactured by Thermo Scientific, succinimidyl-[(N-maleidopropionamid) -dodecaethyleneglycol] ester) was mixed and allowed to react for 1 hour. The mixture was centrifuged at 10,000 G for 20 minutes, the supernatant was removed, PBS containing 2 mM of EDTA was added, the precipitate was dispersed, and centrifuged again. By performing washing by the same procedure three times, fluorescent dye-encapsulated nanoparticles having a maleimide group at the end were obtained.
- PBS phosphate buffered saline
- EDTA ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
- streptavidin manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.
- SATA N-succinimidyl S-acetylthioacetate
- Fluorescent label 10 perylene dye-encapsulated polystyrene nanoparticles
- Perylene diimide used in the fluorescent label 2 was used as the fluorescent dye. Except that, streptavidin-bonded perylene dye-encapsulated silica nanoparticles were obtained in the same manner as the fluorescent dye 9.
- fluorescent label 11 FITC dye-encapsulated polystyrene nanoparticles
- the FITC used in fluorescent dye 3 was used as the fluorescent dye. Except that, streptavidin-bonded perylene dye-encapsulated silica nanoparticles were obtained in the same manner as the fluorescent dye 9.
- fluorescent label 12 As fluorescent nanoparticles, carboxylic acid-terminated CdSe / ZnS (Invitrogen Corp .: Qdot 605) was used. This was activated with EDTA (manufactured by Thermoscience) and then combined with streptavidin in the same manner as fluorescent labeling 1 to obtain streptavidin-binding fluorescent nanoparticles.
- encapsulating agents 1-1 to 1-10, 2-1 to 2-5, and 3-1 shown below were prepared.
- [Fixing agent-containing encapsulant] Encapsulant 1-1: Rutin-containing encapsulant
- Enterant New Merck Co., Ltd., main component: acrylic resin, about 60% xylene
- Paramount N Puracia Corp., main component: acrylic resin, aliphatic hydrocarbon
- Enteran New and Paramount N were used without being diluted as they were purchased.
- As an anti-fading agent 1% by weight of rutin (hereinafter abbreviated as “wt%”) was added to the encapsulant and stirred to obtain an anti-fading encapsulant.
- Encapsulant 1-2 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxymethylphenol-containing encapsulant
- Enterant New (Merck) or Paramount N (Pharmacia) was used as the encapsulant.
- As a discoloration inhibitor 1 wt% of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxymethylphenol was added to the encapsulant and stirred to obtain a discoloration inhibitor-containing encapsulant.
- Encapsulant 1-3 Encapsulant containing bis (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) sebacate
- Enterant New (Merck) or Paramount N (Pharmacia) was used as the encapsulant.
- 1 wt% of bis (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) sebacate was added as an anti-fading agent and stirred to obtain an anti-fading agent-containing encapsulant.
- Encapsulant 1-4 Encapsulant containing phenothiazine
- Enterant New (Merck) or Paramount N (Pharmacia) was used as the encapsulant.
- 1 wt% of phenothiazine was added as an anti-fading agent to the encapsulant and stirred to obtain an anti-fading encapsulant.
- Encapsulant 1-5 2-mercaptobenzimidazole Enterant New (Merck) or Paramount N (Pharmacia) was used as the encapsulant.
- a discoloration inhibitor 1 wt% of 2-mercaptobenzimidazole was added to the encapsulant and stirred to obtain a discoloration inhibitor-containing encapsulant.
- Encapsulant 1-6 Encapsulant containing triphenyl phosphite
- Enterant New (Merck) or Paramount N (Pharmacia) was used as the encapsulant.
- 1 wt% of triphenyl phosphite was added to the encapsulant as an anti-fading agent and stirred to obtain an anti-fading agent-containing encapsulant.
- Encapsulant 1-7 Encapsulant containing dibenzyl disulfide
- Enterant New (Merck) or Paramount N (Pharmacia) was used as the encapsulant.
- 1 wt% of dibenzyl disulfide was added to the encapsulant as an anti-fading agent and stirred to obtain an anti-fading agent-containing encapsulant.
- Encapsulant 1-8 Encapsulant containing 3,3′-thiodipropionate didodecyl
- Enterant New Merck
- Paramount N Paramount N
- Encapsulant 1-9 Encapsulant containing DL- ⁇ -lipoic acid
- Enterant New (Merck) or Paramount N (Pharmacia) was used as the encapsulant.
- an anti-fading agent 1 wt% of DL- ⁇ -lipoic acid was added to the encapsulant and stirred to obtain an anti-fading agent-containing encapsulant.
- Encapsulant 1-10 Encapsulant containing retinoic acid
- Enterant New (Merck) or Paramount N (Pharmacia) was used as the encapsulant.
- 1 wt% of retinoic acid was added as an anti-fading agent to the encapsulant and stirred to obtain an anti-fading-containing encapsulant.
- Encapsulant 2-1 Encapsulant not containing anti-fading agent
- Enterant New manufactured by Merck
- Paramount N Puracia
- Encapsulant 2-2 cyanidin-containing encapsulant 1 wt% of cyanidin was added to the encapsulant as an anti-fading agent and stirred to obtain an anti-fading agent-containing encapsulant.
- Encapsulant 2-3 p-phenylazophenol-containing encapsulant
- 1 wt% of p-phenylazophenol was added to the encapsulant and stirred to obtain an anti-fading agent-containing encapsulant.
- Encapsulant 2-4 4-nitroaniline-containing encapsulant
- Enterant New (Merck) or Paramount N (Pharmacia) was used as the encapsulant.
- As the anti-fading agent 1 wt% of 4-nitroaniline was added to the encapsulant and stirred to obtain an anti-fading agent-containing encapsulant.
- Encapsulant 2-5 Encapsulant containing lycopene
- Enterant New (Merck) or Paramount N (Pharmacia) was used as the encapsulant.
- an anti-fading agent 1 wt% of lycopene was added to the encapsulant and stirred to obtain an anti-fading agent-containing encapsulant.
- Encapsulant 3-1 DABCO-containing aqueous encapsulant
- Fluoromount manufactured by Cosmo Bio Inc .; aqueous encapsulant
- 1 wt% of 1,4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane (DABCO) was added as an anti-fading agent to the encapsulant and stirred to obtain an anti-fading encapsulant.
- DABCO 1,4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane
- ⁇ Tissue staining process> Immunostaining of human breast tissue was performed using fluorescent labels 1-13.
- a tissue array slide (CB-A712) manufactured by Cosmo Bio was used. The tissue array slide was deparaffinized, washed with water, and autoclaved in 10 mM citrate buffer (pH 6.0) for 15 minutes to activate the antigen. The tissue array slide after the antigen activation treatment was washed with a PBS buffer, and then subjected to a blocking treatment in a wet box for 1 hour using a PBS buffer containing 1% BSA.
- biotinylated trastuzumab diluted to 0.05 nM with PBS buffer containing 1% BSA was reacted with the tissue section for 2 hours, and then washed. Furthermore, immunohistochemically stained sections were obtained by reacting with fluorescent labels 1 to 13 for 0.5 hours and then washing. The obtained immunohistochemically stained section was immersed in a 4% neutral paraformaldehyde aqueous buffer solution for 10 minutes for fixation.
- HE staining was performed on the immunohistochemically stained section fixed above, and the section after staining was dehydrated by immersing in ethanol, and the dehydrated section was further immersed in xylene and air-dried to perform penetration. Double stained sections were obtained. In addition, even if HE dyeing is performed as morphological dyeing, there is no influence on the light resistance evaluation described later.
- the excitation wavelength (nm) and the fluorescence wavelength (nm) were set by an optical filter, and Texas Red, perylene imide, and the nanoparticles included therein were set to an excitation wavelength of 575 to 600 nm and a fluorescence wavelength of 612 to 682 nm.
- Fluorescein and its encapsulated nanoparticles were set to an excitation wavelength of 450 to 490 nm and a fluorescence wavelength of 500 to 550 nm.
- CdSe and its encapsulated nanoparticles had an excitation wavelength of 345 to 395 nm and a fluorescence wavelength of 600 to 700 nm.
- the excitation 575 ⁇ irradiation light intensity is 900 W / cm 2 of 600nm near the central portion of the visual field in the excitation 450 to the irradiation light intensity of 900 W / cm 2 near the central portion of the visual field in 490 nm
- the irradiation light intensity near the center of the field of view was 500 W / cm 2
- the irradiation light intensity near the center of the field of view was 500 W / cm 2
- the irradiation light intensity near the center of the field of view was 500 W / cm 2 .
- the irradiation light intensity is calculated by measuring the light energy value when the objective 40 ⁇ lens is mounted with a power meter 8230 manufactured by Advantest and dividing by the 40 ⁇ lens irradiation field area (about ⁇ 450 ⁇ m).
- the exposure time at the time of image acquisition was arbitrarily set so that the luminance of the image was not saturated, and the image was acquired. For example, measurement was performed in 1000 milliseconds. The acquired image was not corrected and the luminance value was linear in the full range.
- the brightness of each pixel is calculated from the acquired image using Image-J (US National Institutes of Health), which is image analysis software, and the average brightness (immunostaining part) of the site (immunostaining part) stained with the fluorescent label (Luminance) was calculated.
- the average luminance corresponds to the signal value (S).
- S signal value
- the brightness is “0” as black (darkest) and “255” as white (brightest).
- the luminance value is calculated and then divided by the maximum gradation value and multiplied by 255 so that the value can be compared with the value at 256 gradations.
- the light resistance of the fluorescent label is evaluated by continuing to irradiate excitation light in a state where the visual field is not moved for 30 minutes. From both microscopic images immediately after irradiation (at the start of irradiation, 0 minutes) and after irradiation (30 minutes), an immunostained portion The luminance was obtained, and the luminance retention rate (%) expressed by (Expression: luminance after irradiation for 30 minutes / luminance immediately after irradiation ⁇ 100) was calculated.
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Abstract
Description
蛍光標識体としては、蛍光色素や無機ナノ粒子(半導体ナノ粒子、量子ドット等と称されることもある)、それらの集積体の利用が知られている(非特許文献2~3、特許文献4)。蛍光色素や無機ナノ粒子と、それらの集積体では、集積体の方が耐光性能が向上することが報告されている(特許文献5)。従って、耐光性の観点から集積体の方がより好ましいが、蛍光顕微鏡観察において要求される耐光性能には、集積化だけでは十分ではない。なお、色素1個と集積体1個では1個あたりの輝度が集積体の方が高くなるので、シグナルの観点から、集積体の方がより好ましい。
[2] 前記封入剤が退色防止剤を含む、項[1]に記載の生体物質検出方法。
[3] 項[1]に記載の生体物質検出方法に用いるキットであって、
水と自由混和しない有機溶媒を含む封入剤と、
前記生体物質検出方法を記載した使用説明書と
を有する生体物質検出用キット。
[4] 項[2]に記載の生体物質検出方法に用いるキットであって、
水と自由混和しない有機溶媒および退色防止剤を含む封入剤と、
前記生体物質検出方法を記載した使用説明書と
を有する生体物質検出用キット。
[5] 項[1]に記載の生体物質検出方法に用いる病理切片であって、生体物質を特異的に検出するための蛍光標識体を用いた免疫染色処理、固定処理、および水と自由混和しない有機溶媒を含む封入剤を用いた封入処理がなされた病理切片。
項[3]の生体物質検出用キットを用いれば、項[1]の方法で作製できる標本を得ることができる。
本発明の典型的な実施形態にかかる生体物質検出方法は、病理切片から生体物質を特異的に検出する方法であり、基本的には、(1)蛍光標識体を用いて病理切片を免疫染色する工程と、(2)染色後の病理切片に励起光を照射して蛍光発光させ、その病理切片から生体物質を検出する工程と、を有している。本発明では、(1)の工程において、切片の固定処理工程および封入工程を含む。
さらに、(1)の工程の前後どちらかに、形態観察用の染色剤を用いて病理切片を形態観察染色する工程を含んでもいてもよい。こうすることで、蛍光標識体を用いた免疫染色と形態観察用の染色剤を用いた形態観察染色の同時染色を行なうことも可能とできる。
免疫染色用の蛍光標識体、免疫染色工程、形態観察用の染色剤、形態観察染工程の詳細は次のとおりである。
本発明における免疫染色用の蛍光標識体は、免疫染色に用いる事ができるものであれば既存の如何なるものでも構わない。(A)蛍光色素、(B)蛍光ナノ粒子、(C)蛍光色素内包ナノ粒子、(D)蛍光ナノ粒子内包粒子、のいずれであっても良い。
本発明で用いる蛍光色素は既存の如何なるものを用いても構わない。公知の方法により入手または作製することができる。
カルボピロニン系色素分子の具体例としては、CARBOPYRONIN 149などが挙げられる。
Alexa Fluor系色素分子の具体例としては、Alexa Fluor 555、Alexa Fluor 568、Alexa Fluor 594、Alexa Fluor 610、Alexa Fluor 633、Alexa Fluor 635、Alexa Fluor 647、Alexa Fluor 660、Alexa Fluor 680、Alexa Fluor 700、Alexa Fluor 750など(以上インビトロジェン社製)が挙げられる。
DY系色素分子の具体例としては、DY-590、DY-610、DY-615、DY-630、DY-631、DY-632、DY-633、DY-634(以上DYOMICS社製)、などが挙げられる。
DyLight系色素分子の具体例としては、DyLight 594、DyLight633(以上サーモサイエンティフィック社製)などが挙げられる。
その他色素としては、C-Phycocyanin、Phycocyanin、APC(Allophycocyanin)、APC-XL、NorthernLights637(R&D Systems社製)、等が挙げられる。
また、これらの誘導体(蛍光色素として機能しうるもの、例えば、公知の誘導体)を挙げることができる。
本発明で用いられる蛍光ナノ粒子とは、粒子サイズが1~500nmのものであり、好ましくは10~200nmである。
半導体は例えばII-VI族半導体であるZnSe、ZnTe、CdSe、CdTe、PbS、PbSe、PbTe等やII-VI族半導体であるAlAs、AlSb、GaP、GaAs、GaSb、InP、InAs、InSb等を用いることができ、毒性の観点から、GaPやInPを好適に用いることができる。
蛍光ナノ粒子の粒子サイズ、母体組成、不純物量を調整することで観察に適した励起波長とする。
ノイズであるエオジンの蛍光や細胞自家蛍光に対する信号値の比の観点から、蛍光標識体の輝度は高い方が好ましい。従って、本発明における蛍光標識体としては、蛍光色素と比して輝度が高い、蛍光色素内包ナノ粒子がより好適に用いられる。
たとえば、芳香環系色素分子、ローダミン系色素分子などの蛍光色素は比較的耐光性が高いため好ましく、なかでも芳香環系色素分子に属するペリレン(perylene)、特にペリレンジイミド(perylene diimide)が好ましい。一方、比較的耐光性の低い蛍光色素であっても、適切な母体を選択することにより、本発明による所定の輝度保持率の条件を満たす蛍光色素内包ナノ粒子を作製できる可能性がある。
本発明で用いられる蛍光ナノ粒子内包粒子とは、有機物または無機物でできた粒子に対し、上記(B)で説明した蛍光ナノ粒子が内包されてなるものである。蛍光ナノ粒子は、蛍光色素内包ナノ粒子中に、いずれか一種を単独で内包させるようにしても、複数種を混合して内包させるようにしてもよい。
蛍光ナノ粒子内包粒子のサイズは10~500nmのものであり、好ましくは50~200nmである。
本発明においては、形態観察染色を行うことができる。形態観察染色工程では、特に組織標本の形態を観察する場合、前述したようなヘマトキシリンおよびエオジンの2つの色素を用いるヘマトキシリン・エオジン染色(HE染色)が標準的に用いられるが、本発明における形態観察染色はこれに限定されるものではない。他の形態観察染色としては、例えば細胞診に用いられるパパニコロウ染色(Pap染色)等がある。
本発明における免疫染色の方法としては、前述したような免疫染色用の蛍光標識体で検出の対象とする生体物質を染色する、蛍光染色法が用いられる。
本発明の染色方法において行われる固定処理工程は、上記免疫染色工程により導入された蛍光標識体を、生体物質もしくは生体物質に結合した抗体等に固定化する工程である。固定化処理液で処理する事で、タンパク質の架橋や変性を行ない、蛍光標識体と生体物質もしくは生体物質に結合した抗体等とを、化学的、物理的により強固に結合し、安定した状態とできる。本発明において固定処理は、固定処理溶液に組織化学染色工程により得られた染色組織切片を浸漬することにより行うことができる。例えば、希パラホルムアルデヒド水溶液中に、組織化学染色工程により得られた染色組織切片を数分から数時間程度浸漬することにより行うことができる。
封入工程は、組織切片の有機溶媒による脱水・透徹工程と、油系封入剤による封入工程とからなる。脱水・透徹工程は、染色した組織切片をPBS等の水系洗浄液で洗浄後、EtOH(ethanol)による脱水およびキシレン置換により行なわれる。EtOHによる脱水は、EtOHの水含有率を、例えば、50%、30%、10%、0%というように水含有率を下げたEtOHに、組織切片を順次漬けていき、EtOHに置換することで行なわれる。EtOH置換した切片をキシレンに漬ける事で、キシレン置換が行なわれ、切片が透徹される。キシレン置換した切片に油系封入剤を載せ、カバーガラス等を載せる事で封入が行なわれる。
封入剤は、溶媒(封入溶媒)と樹脂とから構成される。本発明の封入剤には、油系封入剤(一般的に非水溶性封入剤と呼ばれることもある。)を用いる。油系封入剤とは、水と自由混和しない溶媒を含む封入剤をいう。
また、本発明の封入剤は、退色防止剤を含むことができる。これを退色防止剤含有封入剤という。
本発明では、封入溶媒として、水と自由混和しない有機溶媒を含む溶媒を用いる。上記市販の油系封入剤に含まれている溶媒、市販の油系封入剤を希釈するための所定の溶媒、自家で油系封入剤を調製するために用いた溶媒などが上記封入溶媒に相当する。
また、封入溶媒は、水と自由混和しない有機溶媒のみからなるものであってもよいし、必要に応じて、本発明の作用効果を阻害しない範囲で、水と自由混和しない有機溶媒とともに、水および/または水と自由混和する有機溶媒を含むものであってもよい。水と自由混和しない封入剤における、封入溶媒中の、水と自由混和しない溶媒の割合(体積%)は、通常50~100%であり、好ましくは70~100%であり、より好ましくは90~100%である。この範囲で規定された、水と自由混和しない溶媒を含む封入剤は、標本との屈折率差が小さく標本を透明とできる、形態染色の色味や発色が良い、永久標本を作成やすい、より脱水した条件とできるため、標本作製時の水の混入を防止しやすい、標本作製時の乾燥が均一にできる、という観点から好ましい。
封入剤に含まれる樹脂は、封入剤の溶媒分が蒸発した後、固形分として残るので、観察に影響を与えないようなものが適切である。従って、ガラスに近い屈折率で透明性が高いものが適切である。また、着色や蛍光は蛍光顕微鏡観察に悪影響を与えるので無い方が良い。本発明に用いる樹脂としては、上記条件を満たすものであれば、特に限定されるものではないが、例えば、カナダバルサムなどのような天然樹脂や、ポリスチレンやポリメタクリル酸メチルなどのような合成樹脂が挙げられる。
退色防止剤としては、フェノール系、アミン系、リン系、硫黄系および不飽和炭化水素系の退色防止剤の中から、水と自由混和しない溶媒を含む封入溶媒への溶解性に問題がないものを選択して用いることができる。
これら退色防止剤は、蛍光顕微鏡観察に悪影響が無いよう、吸収波長450~600nmで吸収が無いことが好ましく、発光波長500~700nmで発光が無いことが好ましい。吸収があると蛍光標識の輝度低下につながる。また、発光があると蛍光顕微鏡観察時にノイズが増加する。なお、退色防止剤吸収の吸収が無いとは、退色防止剤の1mg/mL濃度のキシレン溶液を調整し、10mmセルに入れて吸光度測定を行なった際に、450nmおよび600nmにおける吸光度がともに0.5以下であることをいう。
上記工程により免疫染色および形態観察染色が施された病理切片に、用いられている蛍光標識体に応じた適切な波長を有する励起光を照射することにより、その蛍光標識体が発する蛍光を観察する。このような工程により、その病理切片内に存在する所定の生体分子を検出することができ、例えば、抗体医薬(例えば、HER2を標的とするハーセプチン等)の適用の適否を判定するための情報として利用することができる。
本発明の生体物質検出用キットは、上記工程を含む本発明の生体物質検出方法に使用されるものである。本発明の生体物質検出用キットは、上記水と自由混和しない溶媒を含む封入剤、または、上記水と自由混和しない溶媒ならびに退色防止剤を含む封入剤を有するものであり、さらに、本発明に係る生体物質検出方法が指示として記載された使用説明書、免疫染色用の蛍光標識体および蛍光標識化試薬を有することができる。
キットに含まれる使用説明書は、本発明の方法を実施するために、本発明に係る生体物質検出方法のいずれかが、指示として記載された使用説明書である。使用説明書の具体的態様は上記情報を適切に伝達できるものであればよい。例えば、紙片、キットの包装、キットの構成物のラベル等に印刷されているものでよく、ディスケット、CD等コンピューターで読み取り可能な媒体中に記録されているものでもよい。
<蛍光標識の作製>
蛍光標識は、すべてストレプトアビジン結合体として作製した。
蛍光色素としてSulforhodamine 101 acid chloride(同仁化学社製、Texas Red色素)を用いた。蛍光色素へのストレプトアビジン結合は、以下のようにおこなった。
蛍光色素として用いたペリレンジイミドは次の方法で準備した。N,N'-Bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-1,6,7,12-tetraphenoxyperylene-3,4:9,10-tetracarboxdiimideを濃硫酸で処理し、ペリレンジイミドスルホン酸誘導体を作製した。これを酸クロリドに変換してペリレンジイミドスルホン酸クロリド誘導体とした。これを用いた以外は蛍光色素1の方法と同様にして、ストレプトアビジン結合色素を得た。
SulfoRhodamine101(シグマアルドリッチ社製)2.5mgを水22.5mLに加えた後、ホットスターラ―上で70℃20分間加熱し、メラミン樹脂ニカラックMX-035(日本カーバイド工業社製)1.5gを加え、さらに5分間加熱撹拌した。ギ酸100μLを加え、60℃20分間で加熱攪拌した後、室温放冷した。冷却後、反応混合物を遠心用チューブに入れて遠心分離機に12,000rpmで20分間かけ、上澄み除去した。この洗浄をエタノールと水で行なった。
蛍光色素として上記色素2に記載のペリレンジイミドスルホン酸誘導体を用いた。
それ以外は上記蛍光色素3の方法と同様にして、ストレプトアビジン結合ペリレン色素内包メラミンナノ粒子を得た。
蛍光色素としてフルオレセインイソチオシアネート(同仁化学社製、FITC)を用いた。それ以外は上記蛍光色素3の方法と同様にして、ストレプトアビジン結合FITC色素内包メラミンナノ粒子を得た。
蛍光標識1で用いたTexas Red色素3.4mgと3-アミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン(3-aminopropyltrimetoxysilane、信越シリコーン社製、KBM903)3μLとをDMF中で混合し、オルガノアルコキシシラン化合物を得た。得られたオルガノアルコキシシラン化合物0.6mLを、48mLのエタノール、0.6mLのTEOS(テトラエトキシシラン)、2mLの水、2mLの28%アンモニア水と3時間混合した。上記工程で作製した混合液を10000Gで20分遠心分離を行い、上澄みを除去した。エタノールを加え、沈降物を分散させ、再度遠心分離を行った。同様の手順でエタノールと純水による洗浄を2回ずつ行なった。Texas Red色素内包シリカナノ粒子を得た。
蛍光色素として蛍光標識2で用いたペリレンジイミドを用いた。それ以外は上記蛍光色素6の方法と同様にして、ストレプトアビジン結合ペリレン色素内包シリカナノ粒子を得た。
蛍光色素として蛍光色素3で用いたFITCを用いた。それ以外は上記蛍光色素6の方法と同様にして、ストレプトアビジン結合ペリレン色素内包シリカナノ粒子を得た。
Texas Red色素内包ポリスチレン粒子はソープフリー乳化重合法により作製した。蛍光色素Sulforhodamine 101 acid chloride(同仁社製、Texas Red色素)を4-アミノスチレン(東京化成工業社製)と室温条件で1時間混合し、色素結合スチレンを作製した。アルゴンバブリングした純水中5mLにグリシジルメタクリレート(東京化成工業社製)0.18gとスチレン(和光純薬社製)0.05g、ジビニルベンゼン0.05g、上記色素結合スチレン0.005gを加えた。撹拌しながら70℃に昇温し、水溶性アゾ重合開始剤であるV-50(和光純薬社性)を0.012g加え、12時間反応した。反応液を10000Gで20分遠心分離し、粒子を回収した。回収した粒子を純水に分散し再度遠心分離で回収する事で精製を行なった。得られた粒子を過剰のアンモニア水に加え、粒子末端のエポキシ基をアミノ基へと変換し、末端にアミノ基を持つ色素内包ポリスチレンナノ粒子を得た。
蛍光色素として蛍光標識2で用いたペリレンジイミドを用いた。それ以外は上記蛍光色素9の方法と同様にして、ストレプトアビジン結合ペリレン色素内包シリカナノ粒子を得た。
蛍光色素として蛍光色素3で用いたFITCを用いた。それ以外は上記蛍光色素9の方法と同様にして、ストレプトアビジン結合ペリレン色素内包シリカナノ粒子を得た。
蛍光ナノ粒子として、カルボン酸末端のCdSe/ZnS(インビトロジェン社:Qdot605)を用いた。これをEDTA(サーモサイエンス社製)で活性化させた後、蛍光標識1の方法と同様にしてストレプトアビジンと結合させ、ストレプトアビジン結合蛍光ナノ粒子を得た。
CdSe/ZnSデカン分散液(インビトロジェン社:Qdot605)10μLにTEOS0.1mg、エタノール0.01mL、濃アンモニア水0.03mLを加え3時間攪拌して加水分解を行った。得られた混合液を10,000Gで20分間遠心分離を行い、上澄みを除去した。エタノールを加え、沈降物を分散させ、再度遠心分離を行った。同様の手順でエタノールと純水による洗浄を2回ずつ行い、CdSe内包ナノ粒子60mgを得た。
得られたCdSe内包ナノ粒子は、蛍光色素3との方法と同様に、表面アミノ化、PEG化、ストレプトアビジン修飾を行ない、ストレプトアビジン結合CdSe内包ナノ粒子を得た。
使用した蛍光標識の一覧を表1に示す。
封入剤として、以下に示す封入剤1-1~1-10、2-1~2-5および3-1を準備した。
(封入剤1-1:ルチン含有封入剤)
封入剤として、エンテランニュー(メルク社製。主成分:アクリル樹脂、キシレン約60%)またはパラマウントN(ファルマ社。主成分:アクリル樹脂、脂肪族炭化水素)を用いた。エンテランニュー、パラマウントNは、購入したものをそのまま希釈せずに用いた。
封入剤に対して退色防止剤として、ルチンを1重量%(以下「wt%」と略記する。)添加して撹拌し、退色防止剤含有封入剤を得た。
封入剤として、エンテランニュー(メルク社製)またはパラマウントN(ファルマ社)を用いた。封入剤に対して退色防止剤として、2,6-ジ-tert-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシメチルフェノールを1wt%添加して撹拌し、退色防止剤含有封入剤を得た。
封入剤として、エンテランニュー(メルク社製)またはパラマウントN(ファルマ社)を用いた。封入剤に対して退色防止剤として、セバシン酸ビス(2,2,6,6-テトラメチル-4-ピペリジル)を1wt%添加して撹拌し、退色防止剤含有封入剤を得た。
封入剤として、エンテランニュー(メルク社製)またはパラマウントN(ファルマ社)を用いた。封入剤に対して退色防止剤として、フェノチアジンを1wt%添加して撹拌し、退色防止剤含有封入剤を得た。
封入剤として、エンテランニュー(メルク社製)またはパラマウントN(ファルマ社)を用いた。封入剤に対して退色防止剤として、2-メルカプトベンゾイミダゾールを1wt%添加して撹拌し、退色防止剤含有封入剤を得た。
封入剤として、エンテランニュー(メルク社製)またはパラマウントN(ファルマ社)を用いた。封入剤に対して退色防止剤として、亜りん酸トリフェニルを1wt%添加して撹拌し、退色防止剤含有封入剤を得た。
封入剤として、エンテランニュー(メルク社製)またはパラマウントN(ファルマ社)を用いた。封入剤に対して退色防止剤としてジベンジルジスルフィドを1wt%添加して撹拌し、退色防止剤含有封入剤を得た。
封入剤として、エンテランニュー(メルク社製)またはパラマウントN(ファルマ社)を用いた。封入剤に対して退色防止剤として、3,3'-チオジプロピオン酸ジドデシルを1wt%添加して撹拌し、退色防止剤含有封入剤を得た。
封入剤として、エンテランニュー(メルク社製)またはパラマウントN(ファルマ社)を用いた。封入剤に対して退色防止剤として、DL-α-リポ酸を1wt%添加して撹拌し、退色防止剤含有封入剤を得た。
封入剤として、エンテランニュー(メルク社製)またはパラマウントN(ファルマ社)を用いた。封入剤に対して退色防止剤として、レチノイン酸を1wt%添加して撹拌し、退色防止剤含有封入剤を得た。
封入剤として、エンテランニュー(メルク社製)またはパラマウントN(ファルマ社)をそのまま用いた。退色防止剤は加えなかった。
封入剤に対して退色防止剤として、シアニジンを1wt%添加して撹拌し、退色防止剤含有封入剤を得た。
封入剤に対して退色防止剤として、p-フェニルアゾフェノールを1wt%添加して撹拌し、退色防止剤含有封入剤を得た。
封入剤として、エンテランニュー(メルク社製)またはパラマウントN(ファルマ社)を用いた。封入剤に対して退色防止剤として、4-ニトロアニリンを1wt%添加して撹拌し、退色防止剤含有封入剤を得た。
封入剤として、エンテランニュー(メルク社製)またはパラマウントN(ファルマ社)を用いた。封入剤に対して退色防止剤として、リコピンを1wt%添加して撹拌し、退色防止剤含有封入剤を得た。
封入剤として、フルオロマウント(コスモ・バイオ社製;水性封入剤)を用いた。封入剤に対して退色防止剤として、1,4-ジアザビシクロ[2.2.2]オクタン(DABCO)を1wt%添加して撹拌し、退色防止剤含有封入剤を得た。
使用した封入剤の一覧を表2に示す。
[免疫組織染色]
蛍光標識1~13を用いて、ヒト乳房組織の免疫染色を行なった。染色切片はコスモ・バイオ社製の組織アレイスライド(CB-A712)を用いた。組織アレイスライドを脱パラフィン処理後、水に置換洗浄し、10mMクエン酸緩衝液(pH6.0)中で15分間オートクレーブ処理することで、抗原の賦活化処理を行った。抗原の賦活化処理後の組織アレイスライドをPBS緩衝液を用いて洗浄後、1%BSA含有PBS緩衝液を用いて湿潤箱中で1時間ブロッキング処理を行った。ブロッキング処理後、1%BSA含有PBS緩衝液で0.05nMに希釈したビオチン化トラスツズマブを組織切片と2時間反応させ、その後洗浄した。さらに、蛍光標識1~13と0.5時間反応させ、その後洗浄を行うことにより、免疫組織化学染色切片が得られた。得られた免疫組織化学染色切片を4%中性パラホルムアルデヒド水系バッファ溶液中に10分間浸漬することにより、固定処理を行った。
上記で固定処理した免疫組織化学染色切片に対してHE染色を行い、染色後の切片をエタノールに浸漬することにより脱水し、脱水切片をさらにキシレンに浸漬し風乾させることにより透徹を行ったところ、二重染色切片が得られた。なお、形態染色としてHE染色を行なっても、後述の耐光性評価に影響は無い。
上記形態染色を行なったものについて、封入を行なった。蛍光標識1~13を用い、封入剤として、1-1~1-10、2-1~2-5および3-1をそれぞれ用いた。
[評価1:退色防止剤吸収]
退色防止剤吸収は、退色防止剤の1mg/mL濃度のキシレン溶液を調整し、10mmセルに入れて吸光度測定を行なった際に、450nmおよび600nmにおける吸光度がともに0.5以下であることを退色防止剤吸収無しと、いずれかまたは両方が0.5を超えるものを退色防止剤吸収有りとした。吸光度測定には日立社製分光光度計U-4100を用いた。なお、退色防止剤のキシレン溶解性が悪い場合には、0.5wt%キシレン溶液として、10mmセルに入れて測定を行なった。さらにキシレン溶解性が悪い場合は、溶媒をキシレンとEtOH等との混合溶媒に替えて測定を行なった。
蛍光標識1~13で免疫染色し、その後に封入剤1-1~1-10または封入剤2-1~2-5で封入した組織切片に対し、励起光を照射して蛍光発光させ、その組織切片から、正立型蛍光顕微鏡(カールツァイス社製Axio Imager 2、モノクロカメラAxioCam MRm装備)を用いて画像を取得した。
封入し作製した切片スライドについて、3ヵ月保存後の輝度を評価した。輝度の評価は評価2と同様におこなった。元の輝度に対し、70%以上の輝度を保持している場合は保存性あり(○)、70%未満に低下している場合は保存性なし(×)、とした。
封入し作製した切片スライドについて、分光光度計U-4100(日立社製)で、450~600nmの吸光度測定を行ない評価した。450nmおよび600nmにおける吸光度がともに0.1以下を透明(○)と、いずれかまたは両方が0.1を超えるものを不透明(×)とした。封入剤に着色がある場合、透明性が低下する。また、切片が白濁した場合も透明性は低下する。蛍光標識の輝度を維持する観点から、切片スライドは透明であることが好ましい。
油系封入剤で染色ができている事の確認のため、染色時に切片の固定処理工程を行わないサンプルを準備し、固定処理工程を行なったものと比較を行なった。固定処理工程を行なわないサンプルに対して、初期輝度が1.1倍以上となっているものを、蛍光染色性を維持している(○)、1.1倍未満となっているものを、蛍光染色性を維持していない(×)とした。
以上の評価結果を表3-1~3-7、表4、表5-1~5-3および表6に示す。
Claims (13)
- 病理切片から生体物質を特異的に検出する生体物質検出方法であって、蛍光標識体を用いた免疫染色工程と、切片の固定処理工程と、水と自由混和しない有機溶媒を含む封入剤を用いて切片を封入する封入処理工程とを有する生体物質検出方法。
- 前記蛍光標識体が、蛍光色素内包ナノ粒子および蛍光ナノ粒子内包粒子からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種を含む、請求項1に記載の生体物質検出方法。
- 前記水と自由混和しない有機溶媒が、芳香族炭化水素、不飽和炭化水素、ケトン、エステル、エーテルおよびアルコールからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種を含む、請求項1または2に記載の生体物質検出方法。
- 前記水と自由混和しない有機溶媒が、キシレン、トルエンおよびリモネンからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種を含む、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の生体物質検出方法。
- 前記封入剤が退色防止剤を含む、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の生体物質検出方法。
- 前記退色防止剤が、吸収波長450~600nmの波長域で吸光をしない、請求項5に記載の生体物質検出方法。
- 前記退色防止剤を含む封入剤を用いて作製した切片スライドが透明である、請求項5または6に記載の生体物質検出方法。
- 前記退色防止剤が、フェノール、アミン、チオール、スルフィド、ジスルフィドおよび不飽和炭化水素からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種を含む、請求項5~7のいずれか一項に記載の生体物質検出方法。
- 前記退色防止剤が、フェノールおよびアミンからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種を含む、請求項5~8のいずれか一項に記載の生体物質検出方法。
- 請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の生体物質検出方法に用いるキットであって、
水と自由混和しない有機溶媒を含む封入剤と、
前記生体物質検出方法を記載した使用説明書と
を有する生体物質検出用キット。 - 請求項5~9のいずれか一項に記載の生体物質検出方法に用いるキットであって、
水と自由混和しない有機溶媒および退色防止剤を含む封入剤と、
前記生体物質検出方法を記載した使用説明書と
を有する生体物質検出用キット。 - さらに、免疫染色用の蛍光標識体および蛍光標識化試薬を含む、請求項10または11に記載の生体物質検出用キット。
- 請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の生体物質検出方法に用いる病理切片であって、生体物質を特異的に検出するための蛍光標識体を用いた免疫染色処理、固定処理、および水と自由混和しない有機溶媒を含む封入剤を用いた封入処理がなされた病理切片。
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EP2833140B1 (en) | 2018-05-09 |
JPWO2013147081A1 (ja) | 2015-12-14 |
EP2833140A1 (en) | 2015-02-04 |
US20150079611A1 (en) | 2015-03-19 |
EP2833140A4 (en) | 2015-12-09 |
US10458983B2 (en) | 2019-10-29 |
JP6265119B2 (ja) | 2018-01-24 |
US20180321234A1 (en) | 2018-11-08 |
US10031139B2 (en) | 2018-07-24 |
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