WO2013146791A1 - 酸化チタンペースト - Google Patents
酸化チタンペースト Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2013146791A1 WO2013146791A1 PCT/JP2013/058816 JP2013058816W WO2013146791A1 WO 2013146791 A1 WO2013146791 A1 WO 2013146791A1 JP 2013058816 W JP2013058816 W JP 2013058816W WO 2013146791 A1 WO2013146791 A1 WO 2013146791A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- titanium oxide
- oxide paste
- meth
- paste
- dye
- Prior art date
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- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 159
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 157
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920000205 poly(isobutyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 34
- 230000001235 sensitizing effect Effects 0.000 description 18
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 16
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 10
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 7
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000001856 Ethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 4
- ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl cellulose Chemical compound CCOCC1OC(OC)C(OCC)C(OCC)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920001249 ethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 235000019325 ethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 4
- WUOACPNHFRMFPN-SECBINFHSA-N (S)-(-)-alpha-terpineol Chemical compound CC1=CC[C@@H](C(C)(C)O)CC1 WUOACPNHFRMFPN-SECBINFHSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000005456 alcohol based solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- OVKDFILSBMEKLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-Terpineol Natural products CC(=C)C1(O)CCC(C)=CC1 OVKDFILSBMEKLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229940088601 alpha-terpineol Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 3
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 2
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000862 absorption spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- VEVZSMAEJFVWIL-UHFFFAOYSA-O cyanidin cation Chemical compound [O+]=1C2=CC(O)=CC(O)=C2C=C(O)C=1C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 VEVZSMAEJFVWIL-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- NNRLDGQZIVUQTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-Terpineol Chemical compound CC(C)=C1CCC(C)(O)CC1 NNRLDGQZIVUQTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium fluoride Chemical compound [Li+].[F-] PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003505 terpenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000007586 terpenes Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OJRJDENLRJHEJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-diethylpentane-1,5-diol Chemical compound CCC(CO)CC(CC)CO OJRJDENLRJHEJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 2-ethylhexyl Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005355 Hall effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 206010070834 Sensitisation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trichloroethylene Chemical compound ClC=C(Cl)Cl XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- WUOACPNHFRMFPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-terpineol Chemical compound CC1=CCC(C(C)(C)O)CC1 WUOACPNHFRMFPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004581 coalescence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000007336 cyanidin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 description 1
- SQIFACVGCPWBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N delta-terpineol Natural products CC(C)(O)C1CCC(=C)CC1 SQIFACVGCPWBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002612 dispersion medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001301 ethoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M iodide Chemical compound [I-] XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940006461 iodide ion Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- DZVCFNFOPIZQKX-LTHRDKTGSA-M merocyanine Chemical compound [Na+].O=C1N(CCCC)C(=O)N(CCCC)C(=O)C1=C\C=C\C=C/1N(CCCS([O-])(=O)=O)C2=CC=CC=C2O\1 DZVCFNFOPIZQKX-LTHRDKTGSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021421 monocrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);titanium(4+) Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4] SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000747 poly(lactic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910021420 polycrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004626 polylactic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004032 porphyrins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000027756 respiratory electron transport chain Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001022 rhodamine dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008313 sensitization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005368 silicate glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000935 solvent evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940116411 terpineol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002411 thermogravimetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 1
- AAAQKTZKLRYKHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylmethane Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 AAAQKTZKLRYKHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001018 xanthene dye Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
- H01G9/2027—Light-sensitive devices comprising an oxide semiconductor electrode
- H01G9/2031—Light-sensitive devices comprising an oxide semiconductor electrode comprising titanium oxide, e.g. TiO2
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
- C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
- C09C1/36—Compounds of titanium
- C09C1/3607—Titanium dioxide
- C09C1/3676—Treatment with macro-molecular organic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/24—Electrically-conducting paints
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/22—Rheological behaviour as dispersion, e.g. viscosity, sedimentation stability
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
- H01G9/2059—Light-sensitive devices comprising an organic dye as the active light absorbing material, e.g. adsorbed on an electrode or dissolved in solution
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/542—Dye sensitized solar cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention is a titanium oxide paste which is excellent in printability and capable of producing a porous titanium oxide layer having high porosity and few surface impurities even at low temperature firing, and porous oxidation using the titanium oxide paste
- the present invention relates to a method of producing a titanium laminate and a dye-sensitized solar cell.
- dye-sensitized solar cells are considered to be strong candidates for next-generation solar cells because they can be manufactured relatively easily, raw materials are cheap, and high photoelectric conversion efficiency can be obtained.
- a layer of titanium oxide is used as an electrode material.
- This titanium oxide layer 1) adsorbs the sensitizing dye, 2) accepts electron injection from the excited sensitizing dye, 3) transports the electron to the conductive layer, 4) electron transfers (reduction) from iodide ion to the dye It has the role of providing reaction sites and 5) light scattering and light confinement, etc., and is one of the most important factors that determine the performance of a solar cell.
- the titanium oxide layer is required to be porous, and the surface area thereof should be as large as possible, and the impurities on the surface should be as small as possible.
- a paste containing titanium oxide particles and an organic binder is printed on a substrate, the solvent is volatilized, and then a high temperature baking treatment is performed. A method of eliminating the organic binder is used. As a result, it is possible to obtain a porous film in which a large number of fine voids exist in the layer while the titanium oxide particles are sintered to one another.
- ethylcellulose is generally used from the viewpoint of the dispersion retention of the titanium oxide particles and the printability such as the viscosity of the paste.
- high-temperature firing treatment exceeding 500 ° C. is required, and there is a problem that resin substrates, the need for which is increasing in recent years for cost reduction, can not be used. there were.
- the low temperature firing treatment since the residue of the organic binder remains on the surface of the titanium oxide particles, the sensitizing dye can not be adsorbed, and there is also a problem that the photoelectric conversion efficiency is significantly reduced.
- Patent Document 1 discloses performing a baking process at a low temperature using a paste in which the content of the organic binder is reduced.
- the paste described in Patent Document 1 has a low viscosity, and it is difficult to maintain the shape during printing, so that the film thickness becomes uneven, the end shape collapses, and when printed in fine wiring There was a problem that coalescence of
- the dispersion medium may be volatilized before printing to increase the viscosity, which may change the printability, and the problem of stable production is also new.
- the present invention is a titanium oxide paste which is excellent in printability and capable of producing a porous titanium oxide layer having high porosity and few surface impurities even at low temperature firing, and porous oxidation using the titanium oxide paste It aims at providing a manufacturing method of a titanium layered product, and a dye-sensitized solar cell.
- the present invention is a titanium oxide paste containing titanium oxide fine particles, (meth) acrylic resin, and an organic solvent, having a viscosity of 15 to 50 Pa ⁇ s, a thixo ratio of 2 or more, and under the atmosphere.
- the content of the (meth) acrylic resin and the organic solvent after heating from 25 ° C. to 300 ° C. at a temperature rising rate of 10 ° C./min is 1% by weight or less.
- the present inventors contain titanium oxide fine particles, a (meth) acrylic resin, and an organic solvent, and set the viscosity, thixo ratio, and content of the organic component after heating within a predetermined range.
- a porous titanium oxide layer having high porosity and few surface impurities even at low temperature baking while maintaining printability, and thus, for example, as a material for a dye-sensitized solar cell
- high photoelectric conversion efficiency can be realized.
- the dye-sensitized solar cell obtained using such a titanium oxide paste also discovered that it became possible to fully adsorb a sensitizing dye in a short time, and came to complete this invention.
- the titanium oxide paste of the present invention contains titanium oxide fine particles. Titanium oxide can be suitably used because of its wide band gap and relatively abundant resources.
- titanium oxide fine particles for example, titanium oxide fine particles of rutile type, titanium oxide fine particles of anatase type, titanium oxide fine particles of brookite type, titanium oxide fine particles obtained by modifying these crystalline titanium oxides, etc. can be used.
- the lower limit of the average particle diameter of the titanium oxide fine particles is preferably 1 nm, preferably 50 nm, more preferably 5 nm, and still more preferably 25 nm.
- the porous titanium oxide layer obtained will have a sufficient specific surface area.
- recombination of electrons and holes can be prevented.
- two or more types of fine particles having different particle size distributions may be mixed.
- the preferable lower limit of the addition amount of the titanium oxide fine particles is 5% by weight, and the preferable upper limit is 75% by weight with respect to the titanium oxide paste.
- the addition amount is less than 5% by weight, a porous titanium oxide layer having a sufficient thickness may not be obtained, and when it exceeds 75% by weight, the viscosity of the paste increases and printing can not be performed smoothly. is there.
- a more preferred lower limit is 10% by weight, and a more preferred upper limit is 50% by weight.
- a more preferable lower limit is 20% by weight, and a still more preferable upper limit is 35% by weight.
- the titanium oxide paste of the present invention contains a (meth) acrylic resin. Since the said (meth) acrylic resin is excellent in low-temperature decomposability
- the (meth) acrylic resin is not particularly limited as long as it decomposes at a low temperature of about 300 ° C.
- a polymer comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of (meth) acrylic monomers having a polyoxyalkylene structure is preferably used.
- (meth) acrylate means acrylate or methacrylate.
- the (meth) acrylic resin is preferably a polymer of (meth) acrylate having 2 or more carbon atoms in the ester residue, or a polymer of (meth) acrylate having a branched alkyl group in the ester residue.
- polyisobutyl methacrylate isobutyl methacrylate polymer
- Tg glass transition temperature
- the lower limit of the weight average molecular weight of the (meth) acrylic resin in terms of polystyrene conversion is 5,000, and the upper limit is 500000.
- the upper limit of the weight average molecular weight is preferably 100,000, and more preferably 50,000.
- the measurement of the weight average molecular weight by polystyrene conversion can be obtained by performing GPC measurement using, for example, a column LF-804 (manufactured by SHOKO Co., Ltd.) as a column.
- the content of the (meth) acrylic resin in the titanium oxide paste of the present invention is not particularly limited, but the preferable lower limit is 10% by weight, and the preferable upper limit is 50% by weight. If the content of the (meth) acrylic resin is less than 10% by weight, sufficient viscosity may not be obtained for the titanium oxide paste, and the printability may decrease. If it exceeds 50% by weight, the titanium oxide paste The viscosity and adhesion may be too high, resulting in poor printability.
- the content of the (meth) acrylic resin is preferably smaller than that of the titanium oxide fine particles. When the amount of the (meth) acrylic resin is larger than that of the titanium oxide fine particles, the residual amount of the (meth) acrylic resin after heating may be increased.
- a binder resin in addition to the above (meth) acrylic resin, another small amount of a binder resin may be added within a range that does not leave surface impurities even at low temperature firing.
- the binder resin include polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinyl butyral (PVB), polyethylene glycol, polystyrene, polylactic acid and the like.
- the titanium oxide paste of the present invention contains an organic solvent.
- the organic solvent is preferably one having excellent solubility and high polarity of (meth) acrylic resin, for example, terpene solvents such as ⁇ -terpineol and ⁇ -terpineol, alcohol solvents such as ethanol and isopropyl alcohol, diol And polyhydric alcohol solvents such as triol, mixed solvents such as the above-mentioned alcohol solvents / hydrocarbons, and hetero compounds such as dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, tetrahydrofuran and the like. Among them, terpene solvents are preferable.
- the organic solvent preferably has a boiling point of 100 to 300 ° C.
- the boiling point of the organic solvent is less than 100 ° C.
- the obtained titanium oxide paste is easily dried during printing, and problems may occur when used for continuous printing for a long time.
- the said boiling point exceeds 300 degreeC, the drying property in the drying process after printing will fall in the obtained titanium oxide paste.
- the said boiling point means the boiling point in a normal pressure.
- the preferable lower limit of the content of the organic solvent is 55% by weight, and the preferable upper limit is 74% by weight. If the content of the organic solvent is less than 55% by weight, the resulting titanium oxide paste may have a high viscosity and a poor printability. When the content of the organic solvent exceeds 74% by weight, the viscosity of the obtained titanium oxide paste may be too low and the printability may be deteriorated.
- a more preferred lower limit is 60% by weight, and a more preferred upper limit is 70% by weight.
- the titanium oxide paste of the present invention has a viscosity lower limit of 15 Pa ⁇ s and an upper limit of 50 Pa ⁇ s.
- the viscosity is less than 15 Pa ⁇ s, shape retention during printing becomes difficult.
- the viscosity exceeds 50 Pa ⁇ s, the obtained titanium oxide paste becomes inferior in coatability.
- the preferable lower limit of the viscosity is 17.5 Pa ⁇ s, and the preferable upper limit is 45 Pa ⁇ s.
- the said viscosity measures dynamic viscosity in 25 degreeC and 10 rpm shear using E-type viscosity meter.
- the lower limit of the thixo ratio is 2.
- the preferred lower limit of the thixo ratio is 2.25, and the preferred upper limit is 5.
- the thixo ratio can be determined by dividing the kinematic viscosity at 25 ° C. and 0.5 rpm shear by the kinematic viscosity at 5 rpm shear using an E-type viscometer.
- the titanium oxide paste of the present invention preferably has a viscosity change rate of 105% or less when the squeegee operation is repeated 25 times under normal temperature and air atmosphere. If the viscosity change rate exceeds 105%, the printability may change, making stable production difficult.
- the above viscosity change rate is the ratio of viscosity before and after the operation of placing the titanium oxide paste on glass, spreading the titanium oxide paste thinly on the glass surface using a rubber squeegee, and scraping the paste 25 times.
- the viscosity is the viscosity measured at 25 ° C. and 10 rpm shear using an E-type viscometer.
- the content of the (meth) acrylic resin and the organic solvent after heating from 25 ° C. to 300 ° C. at a temperature rising rate of 10 ° C./min in an air atmosphere is 1% by weight or less. Since the titanium oxide paste of the present invention has few surface impurities after heating, bonding (necking) between fine particles is likely to occur, and as a result, it becomes possible to reduce the resistance between particles, so that the dye-sensitized solar When used as a material of a battery, high photoelectric conversion efficiency can be realized. When the content is more than 1% by weight, impurities remain on the surface of the titanium oxide fine particles, so that the sensitizing dye can not be adsorbed. In addition, the said content is content with respect to a titanium oxide fine particle.
- the titanium oxide paste of the present invention is not only excellent in printability, but it is also possible to suitably manufacture a porous titanium oxide layer having high porosity and few surface impurities even at low temperature firing.
- the titanium oxide paste of the present invention is excellent in compatibility with the organic solvent generally used for cleaning the screen plate and can be sufficiently cleaned and removed after use, thereby reducing clogging of the screen plate. It is possible to perform screen printing stably and for a long time.
- the titanium oxide paste of the present invention is used as a material of a dye-sensitized solar cell, the sensitizing dye can be sufficiently adsorbed in a short time, and the obtained dye-sensitized solar cell has high photoelectric conversion Efficiency can be realized.
- a method of manufacturing the titanium oxide paste of the present invention a method having a mixing step of mixing titanium oxide fine particles, a (meth) acrylic resin, and an organic solvent can be used.
- the mixing method include a method of mixing using a 2-roll mill, 3-roll mill, beads mill, bead mill, ball mill, disper, planetary mixer, rotation / revolution stirring device, kneader, extruder, mix rotor, stirrer, etc. Can be mentioned.
- the titanium oxide fine particles are sintered by printing the titanium oxide paste of the present invention on a substrate, forming a titanium oxide paste layer on the substrate, and firing the titanium oxide paste layer.
- the method for producing a porous titanium oxide laminate is also one of the present invention, comprising the step of forming a porous titanium oxide layer on the substrate.
- the method for producing a porous titanium oxide laminate of the present invention comprises the steps of printing the titanium oxide paste of the present invention on a substrate and forming a titanium oxide paste layer on the substrate. Although it does not specifically limit as method to print the said titanium oxide paste on a base material, It is preferable to use the screen-printing method.
- the titanium oxide paste on a substrate, as the substrate, for example, when used for dye-sensitized solar cell applications, it is coated on the transparent conductive layer of a transparent substrate on which a transparent conductive layer is formed. It does by working.
- the transparent substrate is not particularly limited as long as it is a transparent substrate, and examples thereof include glass substrates such as silicate glass. Further, the glass substrate may be chemically and thermally reinforced. Furthermore, various plastic substrates and the like may be used as long as light transparency can be secured.
- the thickness of the transparent substrate is preferably 0.1 to 10 mm, and more preferably 0.3 to 5 mm.
- the transparent conductive layer examples include a layer formed of a conductive metal oxide of In 2 O 3 or SnO 2 , and a layer formed of a conductive material such as metal.
- a conductive metal oxide e.g., In 2 O 3: Sn ( ITO), SnO 2: Sb, SnO 2: F, ZnO: Al, ZnO: F, CdSnO 4 , and the like.
- the method for producing a porous titanium oxide laminate of the present invention comprises the steps of sintering the above-mentioned titanium oxide fine particles to form a porous titanium oxide layer on the above-mentioned base material.
- the sintering of the titanium oxide fine particles can be appropriately adjusted in temperature, time, atmosphere and the like depending on the type of the substrate to be coated and the like. For example, it is preferable to carry out in the atmosphere or in an inert gas atmosphere at about 50 to 800 ° C. for about 10 seconds to 12 hours. Also, drying and calcination may be performed once at a single temperature or twice or more at different temperatures.
- a step of adsorbing a sensitizing dye to the porous titanium oxide laminate thus obtained is carried out, and it is placed opposite to the counter electrode, and an electrolyte layer is formed between these electrodes, thereby achieving dye sensitization.
- Solar cells can be manufactured.
- the dye-sensitized solar cell thus obtained can achieve high photoelectric conversion efficiency.
- Examples of the method of adsorbing the sensitizing dye include a method of immersing and removing the alcohol after immersing the porous titanium oxide laminate in an alcohol solution containing the sensitizing dye.
- the sensitizing dye examples include ruthenium dyes such as ruthenium-tris, ruthenium-bis type ruthenium dyes, phthalocyanines, porphyrins, cyanidin dyes, merocyanine dyes, rhodamine dyes, xanthene dyes, triphenylmethane dyes and the like.
- ruthenium dyes such as ruthenium-tris, ruthenium-bis type ruthenium dyes, phthalocyanines, porphyrins, cyanidin dyes, merocyanine dyes, rhodamine dyes, xanthene dyes, triphenylmethane dyes and the like.
- a titanium oxide paste capable of producing a porous titanium oxide layer excellent in printability and having high porosity and few surface impurities even at low temperature firing, and porosity using the titanium oxide paste It is possible to provide a method for producing a high quality titanium oxide laminate and a dye-sensitized solar cell.
- FIG. 7 is a photomicrograph taken of the shape of the porous titanium oxide layer obtained in Example 2. It is the microscope picture which image
- FIG. It is the microscope picture which image
- FIG. It is a sample of a smooth sintered film in film-formability evaluation after repeated printing. It is a sample of the sintered film which has an unevenness
- Example 1 (Preparation of titanium oxide paste) Using a bead mill to obtain the composition shown in Table 1, using titanium oxide fine particles having an average particle size of 20 nm, an isobutyl methacrylate polymer (weight average molecular weight 50000) as an organic binder, and ⁇ -terpineol (boiling point 219 ° C.) as an organic solvent. A titanium oxide paste was produced by uniformly mixing.
- the obtained titanium oxide paste was printed in a square shape of 5 mm square on a 25 mm square FTO transparent electrode-formed glass substrate, and fired at 300 ° C. for 1 hour to obtain a porous titanium oxide layer.
- the printing conditions were finely adjusted such that the thickness of the obtained porous titanium oxide layer was 10 ⁇ m.
- Example 2 A titanium oxide paste was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amounts of the titanium oxide fine particles, the organic binder and the organic solvent were changed so as to obtain the composition shown in Table 1 in (Preparation of titanium oxide paste). A high quality titanium oxide layer and a dye-sensitized solar cell were obtained.
- the organic solvent in addition to ⁇ -terpineol (boiling point 219 ° C.), 2,4-diethyl-1,5-pentanediol (PD-9, boiling point 264 ° C.) and ethanol (boiling point 78 ° C.) were used.
- Example 1 In Example 1 (preparation of titanium oxide paste), ethyl cellulose (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, 45% ethoxy, 10 cP) is used as the organic binder instead of the isobutyl methacrylate polymer so that the composition in Table 1 can be obtained.
- a titanium oxide paste, a porous titanium oxide layer, and a dye-sensitized solar cell were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the respective components were changed.
- a titanium oxide paste was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amounts of the titanium oxide fine particles, the organic binder and the organic solvent were changed so as to obtain the composition shown in Table 1 in (Preparation of titanium oxide paste). A high quality titanium oxide layer and a dye-sensitized solar cell were obtained.
- the viscosity is measured by measuring the kinematic viscosity of the obtained titanium oxide paste at 25 ° C. and 10 rpm shear using an E-type viscometer (TVE 25H, manufactured by Toki Sangyo Co., Ltd.) did.
- the thixo ratio was determined by dividing the kinematic viscosity at 0.5 rpm shear by the kinematic viscosity at 5 rpm shear.
- the obtained titanium oxide paste is placed on glass, and the viscosity measurement is also performed after repeating the operation of thinly spreading the titanium oxide paste on the glass surface using a rubber squeegee and scraping it 25 times. The viscosity change rate before and after the squeegee was calculated.
- the mobility of holes in the obtained porous titanium oxide layer is measured using a Hall effect measuring machine (ResiTest 8300, manufactured by Toyo Corporation), and an alternative evaluation of the necking state is performed. went.
- the hole mobility of the titanium oxide crystal is 10 cm 2 / V ⁇ s or more, and the closer it is, ie, the larger the value, the more the necking progresses, which means that the interparticle resistance is reduced.
- Table 1 the numerical values normalized with the hole mobility in Comparative Example 1 as 1.00 are shown.
- Example 1 preparation of dye-sensitized solar cell
- the dye adsorption amount after immersion for 12 hours was evaluated after the immersion for 6 hours when the dye adsorption amount after immersion was 1.00.
- dye adsorption amount was measured by the method similar to "(4) pigment
- a titanium oxide paste capable of producing a porous titanium oxide layer excellent in printability and having high porosity and few surface impurities even at low temperature firing, and porosity using the titanium oxide paste It is possible to provide a method for producing a high quality titanium oxide laminate and a dye-sensitized solar cell.
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Abstract
Description
従来、実用化されてきたのは、単結晶Si、多結晶Si、アモルファスSi等に代表されるシリコン系太陽電池であるが、高価であることや原料Siの不足問題等が表面化するにつれて、次世代太陽電池への要求が高まりつつある。
一方、色素増感太陽電池では、光電変換効率の向上のため、可能な限り多くの増感色素を担持させることが好ましいが、従来の有機バインダを含有するペーストを用いた場合、充分な量の増感色素を担持できなかったり、増感色素の担持に長期間を要したりするという問題があった。
以下に本発明を詳述する。
また、このような酸化チタンペーストを用いて得られる色素増感太陽電池は、短時間で増感色素を充分に吸着させることが可能となることも見出し、本発明を完成させるに至った。
上記(メタ)アクリル樹脂としては、エステル残基の炭素数が2以上の(メタ)アクリレートの重合体、エステル残基に分岐状のアルキル基を有する(メタ)アクリレートの重合体が好ましい。なかでも、少ない樹脂の量で高い粘度を得ることができることから、ガラス転移温度(Tg)が高く、かつ、低温脱脂性に優れるメチルメタクリレートの重合体であるポリイソブチルメタクリレート(イソブチルメタクリレート重合体)が好適である。
なお、上記(メタ)アクリル樹脂は、上記酸化チタン微粒子よりも少ない含有量であることが好ましい。上記(メタ)アクリル樹脂が、上記酸化チタン微粒子よりも多くなると、加熱後の(メタ)アクリル樹脂残留量が多くなることがある。
なお、上記粘度は、E型粘度計を用いて25℃、10rpmせん断時における動粘度を測定したものである。
なお、上記粘度変化率は、酸化チタンペーストをガラス上に乗せ、ゴム製スキージを用いてガラス表面に酸化チタンペーストを薄く延ばし、また擦り取るという操作を25回繰り返した前後の粘度の比率であり、粘度は、E型粘度計を用いて25℃、10rpmせん断時における動粘度を測定したものである。
本発明の酸化チタンペーストは、加熱後の表面不純物が少ないことから、微粒子間の結合(ネッキング)が起こりやすく、その結果、粒子間抵抗を低減することが可能となることから、色素増感太陽電池の材料として用いた場合に、高い光電変換効率を実現することができる。
上記含有量が1重量%を超えると、酸化チタン微粒子表面に不純物が残ってしまうため増感色素を吸着することが出来ない。なお、上記含有量は、酸化チタン微粒子に対する含有量である。
また、本発明の酸化チタンペーストは、スクリーン版の洗浄に一般的に使用される有機溶剤との相溶性に優れ、使用後に充分に洗浄除去することができることから、スクリーン版の目詰まりを低減することができ、スクリーン印刷を安定して長期間行うことが可能となる。
更に、本発明の酸化チタンペーストは、色素増感太陽電池の材料として用いた場合、短時間で増感色素を充分に吸着させることが可能となり、得られる色素増感太陽電池は、高い光電変換効率を実現することができる。
上記酸化チタンペーストを基材上に印刷する方法としては特に限定されないが、スクリーン印刷法を用いることが好ましい。
上記透明基板の厚さは、0.1~10mmが好ましく、0.3~5mmがより好ましい。
(酸化チタンペーストの作製)
平均粒子径が20nmの酸化チタン微粒子、有機バインダとしてイソブチルメタクリレート重合体(重量平均分子量50000)、有機溶媒としてα-テルピネオール(沸点219℃)を用い、表1の組成となるようにビーズミルを用いて均一に混合することにより酸化チタンペーストを作製した。
得られた酸化チタンペーストを、25mm角のFTO透明電極形成済みガラス基板上に、5mm角の正方形状に印刷し、300℃で1時間焼成することにより多孔質酸化チタン層を得た。なお、得られた多孔質酸化チタン層の厚みが10μmとなるよう、印刷条件の微調整を行った。
得られた多孔質酸化チタン層付き基板を、Ru錯体色素(N719)のアセトニトリル:t-ブタノール=1:1溶液(濃度0.3mM)中に1日浸漬することにより、多孔質酸化チタン層表面に増感色素を吸着させた。
次に、この基板上に、一方向を除いて多孔質酸化チタン層を取り囲むように厚さ30μmのハイミラン製フィルムを載せ、更にその上から白金電極を蒸着したガラス基板を乗せ、その隙間にヨウ化リチウム及びヨウ素のアセトニトリル溶液を注入、封止することで色素増感太陽電池を得た。
実施例1の(酸化チタンペーストの作製)において、表1の組成となるように酸化チタン微粒子、有機バインダ、有機溶媒の量を変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして酸化チタンペースト、多孔質酸化チタン層、色素増感太陽電池を得た。
なお、有機溶媒としては、α-テルピネオール(沸点219℃)のほか、2,4-ジエチル-1,5-ペンタンジオール(PD-9、沸点264℃)、エタノール(沸点78℃)を用いた。
実施例1の(酸化チタンペーストの作製)において、有機バインダとしてイソブチルメタクリレート重合体に代えて、エチルセルロース(和光純薬工業社製、45%エトキシ、10cP)を用い、表1の組成となるように各成分を変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして酸化チタンペースト、多孔質酸化チタン層、色素増感太陽電池を得た。
実施例1の(酸化チタンペーストの作製)において、表1の組成となるように酸化チタン微粒子、有機バインダ、有機溶媒の量を変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして酸化チタンペースト、多孔質酸化チタン層、色素増感太陽電池を得た。
実施例及び比較例で得られた酸化チタンペースト、多孔質酸化チタン層、色素増感太陽電池について以下の評価を行った。結果を表1に示した。
得られた酸化チタンペーストを、E型粘度計(TVE25H、東機産業社製)を用いて25℃、10rpmせん断時における動粘度を測定することで粘度を測定した。
また、0.5rpmせん断時の動粘度を5rpmせん断時の動粘度で割ることによってチキソ比を求めた。なお、粘度については、得られた酸化チタンペーストをガラス上に乗せ、ゴム製スキージを用いてガラス表面に酸化チタンペーストを薄く延ばし、また擦り取るという操作を25回繰り返した後の粘度測定も行い、スキージ前後での粘度変化率を算出した。
得られた酸化チタンペーストを、TG:熱重量測定(TG/DTA6300、SII社製)を用いて大気雰囲気下、10℃/分の昇温速度で300℃まで加熱した際における、酸化チタンペースト中の酸化チタン微粒子の固形分量と得られたTGの残分量との差分から、酸化チタン重量に対する残渣成分量(焼成後の(メタ)アクリル樹脂及び有機溶媒の含有量)を求めた。
得られた多孔質酸化チタン層の端部を、光学顕微鏡(ME600、ニコン社製)を用いて観察し、形状が保持されている場合は「○」、形状が崩れている場合は「×」として評価を行った。なお、実施例2で得られた多孔質酸化チタン層の形状を撮影した顕微鏡写真を図1、比較例3で得られた多孔質酸化チタン層の形状を撮影した顕微鏡写真を図2、比較例6で得られた多孔質酸化チタン層の形状を撮影した顕微鏡写真を図3に示す。
実施例1の(色素増感太陽電池の作製)において、得られた増感色素を吸着させた多孔質酸化チタン層を、水酸化カリウム溶液中に浸漬することで増感色素を脱着させ、その脱着液の吸光スペクトルを分光光度計(U-3000、日立製作所社製)を用いて測定することで、色素吸着量を測定した。なお、表1には、比較例1の500nmにおける吸収スペクトルの大きさを1.00として規格化した数値を示した。
得られた多孔質酸化チタン層のホール移動度を、ホール効果測定機(ResiTest8300、東陽テクニカ社製)を用いて測定し、ネッキング状態の代替評価を行った。なお、酸化チタン結晶体のホール移動度は10cm2/V・s以上であり、これに近い、すなわち値の大きいほどネッキングが進行しており、粒子間抵抗が低減していることを表す。
なお、表1には、比較例1におけるホール移動度を1.00として規格化した数値を示した。
得られた色素増感太陽電池の電極間に、電源(236モデル、KEITHLEY社製)を接続し、100mW/cm2の強度のソーラーシミュレータ(山下電装社製)を用いて、色素増感太陽電池の光電変換効率を測定した。なお、表1には、比較例1の変換効率、短絡電流密度を1.00として規格化した数値を示した。なお、変換効率については、得られた酸化チタンペーストをガラス上に乗せ、ゴム製スキージを用いてガラス表面に酸化チタンペーストを薄く延ばし、また擦り取るという操作を25回繰り返した後の酸化チタンペーストを用いた場合についても測定を行い、変換効率の変化率を算出した。
実施例1の(色素増感太陽電池の作製)において、Ru錯体色素(N719)のアセトニトリル:t-ブタノール=1:1溶液(濃度0.3mM)中に1日(24時間)浸漬した後の色素吸着量を1.00とした場合における、6時間浸漬後、12時間浸漬後の色素吸着量を評価した。なお、色素吸着量は、「(4)多孔質酸化チタン層の色素吸着量測定」と同様の方法で測定した。
得られた酸化チタンペーストを用いて100回連続でスクリーン印刷した後、イソプロピルアルコールで洗浄を行うサイクルを10回繰り返した。その後、焼成後の膜厚が10μmとなるように印刷及び焼成を行い、焼結膜の形状を光学顕微鏡にて観察した。
図4のように平滑な焼結膜が得られる場合を「○」、図5のように凹凸を有する焼結膜が得られる場合を「×」として評価を行った。なお、焼結膜に凹凸が形成されるのは、スクリーン版の目詰まりによって、スクリーンメッシュの跡が残ったことによるものと考えられる。
Claims (5)
- 酸化チタン微粒子と、(メタ)アクリル樹脂と、有機溶媒とを含有する酸化チタンペーストであって、粘度が15~50Pa・s、チキソ比が2以上であり、かつ、大気雰囲気下において25℃から300℃まで10℃/分の昇温速度で加熱した後の(メタ)アクリル樹脂及び有機溶媒の含有量が1重量%以下であることを特徴とする酸化チタンペースト。
- (メタ)アクリル樹脂は、ポリイソブチルメタクリレートであることを特徴とする請求項1記載の酸化チタンペースト。
- 有機溶媒は、沸点が100~300℃であることを特徴とする請求項1又は2記載の酸化チタンペースト。
- 請求項1、2又は3記載の酸化チタンペーストを基材上に印刷し、該基材上に酸化チタンペースト層を形成する工程と、前記酸化チタンペースト層を焼成処理することにより、前記酸化チタン微粒子を焼結させて、前記基材上に多孔質酸化チタン層を形成する工程とを有することを特徴とする多孔質酸化チタン積層体の製造方法。
- 請求項4記載の多孔質酸化チタン積層体の製造方法を用いて製造された多孔質酸化チタン積層体を用いてなることを特徴とする色素増感太陽電池。
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KR1020147014940A KR102030862B1 (ko) | 2012-03-30 | 2013-03-26 | 산화티탄 페이스트 |
EP13767414.9A EP2837599A4 (en) | 2012-03-30 | 2013-03-26 | titanium oxide paste |
CN201380018090.0A CN104220377B (zh) | 2012-03-30 | 2013-03-26 | 氧化钛糊剂 |
US14/387,964 US20150047709A1 (en) | 2012-03-30 | 2013-03-26 | Titanium oxide paste |
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JP2012-212963 | 2012-09-26 | ||
JP2012212963A JP5982243B2 (ja) | 2012-03-30 | 2012-09-26 | 酸化チタンペースト |
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EP (1) | EP2837599A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5982243B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR102030862B1 (ja) |
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JP6641667B2 (ja) * | 2015-03-03 | 2020-02-05 | 株式会社リコー | 塗工液、太陽電池用構造体、太陽電池、及び太陽電池用構造体の製造方法 |
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WO2010055845A1 (ja) * | 2008-11-12 | 2010-05-20 | 積水化学工業株式会社 | 金属酸化物微粒子分散スラリー |
JP2011181281A (ja) * | 2010-02-26 | 2011-09-15 | Sekisui Chem Co Ltd | 加熱消滅性樹脂粒子、酸化チタン含有ペースト、多孔質酸化チタン積層体の製造方法、多孔質酸化チタン積層体及び色素増感太陽電池 |
JP4801899B2 (ja) | 2004-12-10 | 2011-10-26 | 学校法人桐蔭学園 | 塗膜形成用組成物、それを用いて得られる電極及び光電変換素子 |
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US4071881A (en) * | 1976-03-30 | 1978-01-31 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Dielectric compositions of magnesium titanate and devices thereof |
WO2004017452A1 (ja) * | 2002-08-13 | 2004-02-26 | Bridgestone Corporation | 色素増感型太陽電池の改良 |
US20050183769A1 (en) * | 2003-11-10 | 2005-08-25 | Hiroki Nakagawa | Method of producing substrate for dye-sensitized solar cell and dye-sensitized solar cell |
JP4960666B2 (ja) * | 2006-08-17 | 2012-06-27 | 積水化学工業株式会社 | 無機微粒子分散ペースト組成物 |
KR20070100192A (ko) * | 2007-07-30 | 2007-10-10 | (주)디오 | 저온 산화티타늄 페이스트를 이용한 감응형 태양전지 |
JP2010118158A (ja) * | 2008-11-11 | 2010-05-27 | Samsung Yokohama Research Institute Co Ltd | 光電変換素子用ペースト組成物、光電変換素子用多孔質膜の製造方法及び光電変換素子 |
JP5507954B2 (ja) * | 2009-10-19 | 2014-05-28 | 三星エスディアイ株式会社 | ガラスペースト組成物、電極基板とその製造方法、及び色素増感型太陽電池 |
JP2011181282A (ja) * | 2010-02-26 | 2011-09-15 | Sekisui Chem Co Ltd | 多孔質層含有積層体の製造方法 |
JP2011210553A (ja) * | 2010-03-30 | 2011-10-20 | Sekisui Chem Co Ltd | 酸化チタンペースト、多孔質酸化チタン積層体の製造方法、多孔質酸化チタン積層体及び色素増感太陽電池 |
CN102372303A (zh) * | 2010-08-13 | 2012-03-14 | 林宽锯 | 金属氧化物网状结构材料,太阳能电池元件及其制造方法 |
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WO2010055845A1 (ja) * | 2008-11-12 | 2010-05-20 | 積水化学工業株式会社 | 金属酸化物微粒子分散スラリー |
JP2011181281A (ja) * | 2010-02-26 | 2011-09-15 | Sekisui Chem Co Ltd | 加熱消滅性樹脂粒子、酸化チタン含有ペースト、多孔質酸化チタン積層体の製造方法、多孔質酸化チタン積層体及び色素増感太陽電池 |
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CN104220377B (zh) | 2017-10-20 |
JP5982243B2 (ja) | 2016-08-31 |
US20150047709A1 (en) | 2015-02-19 |
CN104220377A (zh) | 2014-12-17 |
EP2837599A1 (en) | 2015-02-18 |
KR102030862B1 (ko) | 2019-10-10 |
KR20140141569A (ko) | 2014-12-10 |
EP2837599A4 (en) | 2015-12-09 |
JP2014040557A (ja) | 2014-03-06 |
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