WO2013136922A1 - 多結晶シリコンウエハ - Google Patents
多結晶シリコンウエハ Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013136922A1 WO2013136922A1 PCT/JP2013/054081 JP2013054081W WO2013136922A1 WO 2013136922 A1 WO2013136922 A1 WO 2013136922A1 JP 2013054081 W JP2013054081 W JP 2013054081W WO 2013136922 A1 WO2013136922 A1 WO 2013136922A1
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- 229910021420 polycrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 178
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 16
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 16
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 abstract description 16
- 229910021419 crystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 28
- 229910021421 monocrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000013001 point bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 101000931462 Homo sapiens Protein FosB Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100020847 Protein FosB Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007517 polishing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007665 sagging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002210 silicon-based material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005477 sputtering target Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/02—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/04—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by their crystalline structure, e.g. polycrystalline, cubic or particular orientation of crystalline planes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B29/00—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape
- C30B29/02—Elements
- C30B29/06—Silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B11/00—Single-crystal growth by normal freezing or freezing under temperature gradient, e.g. Bridgman-Stockbarger method
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/02—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/06—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by their shape; characterised by the shapes, relative sizes, or dispositions of the semiconductor regions ; characterised by the concentration or distribution of impurities within semiconductor regions
- H01L29/0684—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by their shape; characterised by the shapes, relative sizes, or dispositions of the semiconductor regions ; characterised by the concentration or distribution of impurities within semiconductor regions characterised by the shape, relative sizes or dispositions of the semiconductor regions or junctions between the regions
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/02—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/12—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by the materials of which they are formed
- H01L29/16—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by the materials of which they are formed including, apart from doping materials or other impurities, only elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a polycrystalline silicon wafer, particularly a silicon wafer having an outer diameter of 450 mm or more for mechanical testing.
- the shape of a single crystal silicon wafer used in an LSI process tends to increase in diameter with the times. This is because when the wafer diameter is increased, more semiconductor devices can be manufactured from one wafer and the chip unit price can be reduced. On the other hand, with the progress of device miniaturization, quality requirements for silicon wafers are becoming increasingly severe. Therefore, when the wafer size is shifted to a large product, it is necessary to solve the problem of quality as well as the problem of scale, and there is a problem that the market price of the single crystal wafer of the next generation size becomes very expensive.
- the transition time of wafer size from 300 mm to 450 mm was predicted to be around 2012, and the transition time from 450 mm to 675 mm was predicted to be around 2019. The increase in diameter and the pursuit of quality are expected to continue.
- mechanical wafer Since such a wafer (hereinafter referred to as “mechanical wafer”) is not a single crystal wafer that can actually manufacture a device, it is very important to be low in cost. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the cost by omitting unnecessary quality as a mechanical wafer, and to grasp the conditions for achieving the same level as the single crystal wafer in the mechanical characteristics.
- a sintered silicon wafer for LSI is a sintered body having a crystal grain size of 100 ⁇ m or less.
- a sintered body having an average particle diameter of 1 to 10 ⁇ m has been proposed.
- these sintered silicon dummy wafers can adjust the bending strength, tensile strength, and Vickers hardness and increase the strength of the wafer, naturally the gravity deflection of the wafer approaches that of a single crystal silicon wafer.
- Patent Document 3 describes that the outer diameter is 48 mm or more and 450 mm or less, and the roughness Ra and the surface sag are reduced.
- the cause of cracking of polycrystalline silicon of 450 mm or more is not a problem of surface roughness or sagging, but rather a fine scratch. Therefore, Patent Document 3 has solved the problem of polycrystalline silicon of 450 mm or more. It is thought that there is not.
- JP 2004-289065 A International Publication Number WO2009 / 011233 JP 2009-38220 A
- the present invention has been made in view of the above, and is a large-sized polycrystalline silicon wafer, and particularly in a silicon wafer having an outer diameter of 450 mm or more, the generation of scratches on the wafer surface is small and small.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a large polycrystalline silicon wafer similar to the mechanical properties of a single crystal silicon wafer.
- the present inventors have repeatedly conducted a production test of polycrystalline silicon, and as a result, have obtained a large-sized polycrystalline silicon wafer similar to the mechanical properties of a single crystal silicon wafer. knowledge was obtained of the possible. Based on the above findings, the present invention provides the following inventions.
- a polycrystalline silicon wafer having an outer diameter of 450 mm or more produced by a melting method, and the scratch existing on the wafer has a width of 20 ⁇ m or more and 40 ⁇ m or less and a depth of more than 10 ⁇ m and 20 ⁇ m or less.
- the polycrystalline silicon wafer of the present invention is a polycrystalline silicon wafer produced by a melting method.
- CMP Chemical-Mechanical-Polishing
- the polycrystalline silicon wafer of the present invention is a polycrystalline silicon wafer having an outer diameter of 450 mm or more produced by a melting method, and provides a polycrystalline silicon wafer having a depth of scratches present on the wafer of 10 ⁇ m or less.
- a flaw depth since the mechanical characteristics of the silicon wafer are not deteriorated even if the flaw width is large, the flaw width is not displayed. The same applies hereinafter. Thereby, the mechanical characteristics of the silicon wafer can be improved, and a polycrystalline silicon wafer similar to the mechanical characteristics of the single crystal wafer can be obtained.
- the depth of the scratch is 10 ⁇ m or less, but the number of scratches having a scratch depth of 0 ⁇ m or a depth of 10 ⁇ m or less does not mean zero.
- This is intended to obtain mechanical strength equivalent to that of a single crystal silicon wafer without performing costly CMP (Chemical Mechanical Polishing), and therefore there is a scratch having a depth of less than 2 ⁇ m. That is, scratches with a depth of less than 2 ⁇ m exist as scratches that are not subjected to CMP.
- FIG. 1 shows how this scratch was observed using a high-intensity halogen lamp.
- the shape of the flaw is not limited, and includes rectangles such as rectangles and rectangles, circles (perfect circles and ellipses), and other irregular shapes.
- the scratches appear straight from the surface of the polycrystalline silicon wafer. Based on the scratch (which may be a collection of small defects), the width of the scratch is the longest width and the depth is the maximum depth.
- the present invention is a polycrystalline silicon wafer having an outer diameter of 450 mm or more produced by a melting method as a condition for obtaining a mechanical strength equivalent to that of a single crystal wafer, and a width existing in the wafer is 40 ⁇ m or more and 100 ⁇ m or less.
- the maximum number of scratches per section when the entire wafer is divided into 100 mm squares is 1 or less, and the depth of the remaining scratches is 10 ⁇ m or less to provide a wafer.
- CMP since CMP is not performed, there is a scratch having a depth of less than 2 ⁇ m. That is, scratches with a depth of less than 2 ⁇ m exist as scratches that are not subjected to CMP. As above, this level of flaws is negligible because it does not cause degradation of the mechanical properties of the polycrystalline silicon wafer.
- the present invention is a polycrystalline silicon wafer having an outer diameter of 450 mm or more produced by a melting method as a condition for obtaining a mechanical strength equivalent to that of a single crystal wafer, and the width existing in the wafer is 20 ⁇ m or more and 40 ⁇ m or less.
- the maximum number of scratches with a depth of more than 20 ⁇ m and 40 ⁇ m or less is 1 or less, and the depth of the remaining scratches is 10 ⁇ m or less.
- a polycrystalline silicon wafer is provided. Also in this case, since CMP is not performed, there is a scratch having a depth of less than 2 ⁇ m. That is, scratches with a depth of less than 2 ⁇ m exist as scratches that are not subjected to CMP. As above, this level of flaws is negligible because it does not cause degradation of the mechanical properties of the polycrystalline silicon wafer.
- the present invention is a polycrystalline silicon wafer having an outer diameter of 450 mm or more produced by a melting method as a condition for obtaining a mechanical strength equivalent to that of a single crystal wafer, and the width existing in the wafer is 20 ⁇ m or more and 40 ⁇ m or less.
- the maximum number of scratches per section is 3 or less and the depth of the remaining scratches is 10 ⁇ m or less. to provide a crystalline silicon wafer.
- CMP since CMP is not performed, there is a scratch having a depth of less than 2 ⁇ m. That is, scratches with a depth of less than 2 ⁇ m exist as scratches that are not subjected to CMP. As above, this level of flaws is negligible because it does not cause degradation of the mechanical properties of the polycrystalline silicon wafer.
- a polycrystalline silicon wafer having a low cost can be obtained which is similar to the mechanical characteristics of the single crystal wafer.
- An example in which a wafer having an outer diameter of 450 mm or more is divided by a 100 mm square lattice is shown in FIG.
- the scratch extends over two or more sections, but the size of the scratch in each section when the section is divided into 100 mm squares means the longest width and the maximum depth in each section. The same applies hereinafter.
- a polycrystalline silicon wafer that is similar to the mechanical characteristics of a single crystal wafer and that is low in cost can be obtained.
- the silicon wafer is suitable for a polycrystalline silicon wafer having an outer diameter of 450 mm or more, and can be used as a mechanical wafer. It is also possible to provide a polycrystalline silicon wafer having a silicon purity of 3N to 7N or higher.
- the present invention includes these.
- the polycrystalline silicon wafer described above is necessary not only as a mechanical wafer but also in a semiconductor manufacturing apparatus such as a vertical furnace when the purity of the wafer surface is increased by using the purity of a high-purity silicon material. It can also be used as a dummy filler wafer.
- the above classification of surface scratches can be applied as various parts such as a sputtering target and a holder of a semiconductor manufacturing apparatus.
- Annealing treatment for approximating the amount of gravity deflection to a single crystal when manufacturing a polycrystalline silicon wafer may be performed with a block-shaped polycrystalline silicon ingot before slicing or after slicing with a multi-wire saw. In any case, it is necessary to appropriately adjust the heating rate, holding temperature, holding time, cooling rate, vacuum degree, and load. Annealing in a block form is easier to handle, but in order to approximate the gravitational deflection of a single crystal wafer, there is a feature that any wafer is more stably approximated by slicing after slicing close to the wafer shape.
- the annealing after slicing may be performed after the multi-wire saw processing, or may be performed after the lapping process or the polishing process.
- the thickness of the wafer is different in each process, it is necessary to approximate the gravity deflection amount of the single crystal wafer in consideration of the thickness. Also, in order to avoid thermal diffusion of unnecessary impurities, it is necessary to appropriately clean the surface of the wafer before annealing.
- a polycrystalline silicon wafer having a large outer diameter of 450 mm or more similar to the mechanical properties of the single crystal silicon wafer can be obtained, and a large size similar to the mechanical properties of the single crystal silicon used as the mechanical wafer can be obtained.
- a polycrystalline silicon wafer can be provided. Further, since the CMP process can be omitted, the yield is greatly improved and the manufacturing cost can be greatly reduced.
- Example 1 Silicon was melted in a silica crucible and solidified from the bottom of the crucible by unidirectional solidification to produce a silicon ingot having a purity of 6N and a size of 690 ⁇ 690 ⁇ 250 mm. This ingot was cut so that four corners were cut and cylindrical grinding was performed so that the outer diameter was ⁇ 451 mm and the length was 200 mm.
- this polycrystalline silicon ingot with a diameter of 451 mm is sliced by multi-wire saw processing, annealed to approximate the amount of gravity deflection to a single crystal, then beveled and notched, and lapped and primary polished.
- a double-sided mirror-finished wafer having a diameter of 450 mm and a thickness of 925 ⁇ m was produced.
- the sample of 100 mm ⁇ 100 mm ⁇ 925 ⁇ mt was a surface scratch having a width of 100 ⁇ m or less and a depth of 10 ⁇ m or less when the number of scratches present on the surface and the width and depth of the scratch were observed with a microscope. Then, the bending strength of the wafer made 100 mm square was measured with a 4-point bending tester (FIG. 2). As a result, a surface flaw having a width of 100 ⁇ m or less and a depth of 10 ⁇ m or less had a bending strength of 120 MPa without greatly depending on the width, length and quantity.
- FIG. 3 shows a state in which the depth of the surface flaw was examined with the sample of 100 mm ⁇ 100 mm ⁇ 925 ⁇ mt produced in Example 1.
- the width of the scratch was 28 ⁇ m and the depth was 14 ⁇ m.
- the depth of the scratch was 10 to 20 ⁇ m and the width was 20 to 40 ⁇ m, up to three per 100 mm square, there was almost no difference from the bending strength of a commercially available single crystal wafer having no scratch.
- the bending strength of the samples in this range was ⁇ 10% or less from 100 MPa, which is the average bending strength of the single crystal wafer.
- Example 3 The sample of 100 mm ⁇ 100 mm ⁇ 925 ⁇ mt produced in Example 1, the scratch width on the wafer surface is 40 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m and the depth is 10 to 40 ⁇ m, or the width is 20 ⁇ m to 40 ⁇ m and the depth is 20 ⁇ m or more. In the case of 40 ⁇ m or less, up to one per 100 mm square, there was almost no difference from the bending strength of a commercially available single crystal wafer having no scratches. An example of this flaw in FIG. In FIG. 4, the width of the scratch was 63 ⁇ m and the depth was 27 ⁇ m.
- evaluation was made with a sample size of 100 mm ⁇ 100 mm, but an actual wafer is used with a diameter of 450 mm or 675 mm.
- the sample size is 100 mm ⁇ 100 mm and is significantly lower than the strength of a commercially available single crystal wafer, the entire wafer becomes a weak point and the strength naturally decreases. Accordingly, it can be considered that the evaluation of the sample size of 100 mm ⁇ 100 mm has a correlation with the evaluation of the entire wafer surface.
- Example 1 Using the sample of 100 mm ⁇ 100 mm ⁇ 925 ⁇ mt prepared in Example 1, the number of scratches was changed, and when two or more scratches having a scratch width of about 60 ⁇ m and a scratch depth of about 30 ⁇ m were formed, bending The strength was significantly reduced to 60 MPa or less. Further, when the number of scratches having a scratch width of about 30 ⁇ m and a scratch depth of about 15 ⁇ m was set to 4 or more, the bending strength was remarkably reduced to 60 MPa or less.
- FIG. 5 shows a state in which the scratch size is changed using the sample of 100 mm ⁇ 100 mm ⁇ 925 ⁇ mt prepared in Example 1, the width of the scratch is 127 ⁇ m, and the depth of the scratch is 54 ⁇ m.
- the depth of the surface flaw exceeds 40 ⁇ m or the width of the flaw is 100 ⁇ m or more, the bending strength is remarkably reduced to 60 MPa or less.
- any surface scratches can be considered as mechanical properties of the single crystal as long as it approximates the amount of gravity deflection of the single crystal under annealing conditions. Can be similar.
- the width of the scratches, the depth of the scratches, the number of the scratches, and the dispersion form of the scratches have a great influence on the mechanical characteristics.
- the present invention has identified the above-described flaw form, increased the mechanical strength of the polycrystalline silicon wafer, and resembled the mechanical characteristics of the single crystal silicon wafer, but is difficult to understand. Therefore, an outline of an example of a flaw will be described with reference to the example shown in FIG. 7 for the conventional high-cost single crystal example, Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2.
- the scratches on the single crystal silicon wafer are indicated by dotted lines.
- the depth of the scratch is less than 2 ⁇ m, but there are many. In order to remove this scratch, a high-cost CMP process is required.
- the flaw is shown by a dotted line, this does not show the form (shape) of the flaw, but is shown by a dotted line in order to enable comparison with other flaws described later.
- the following line types are used with the same meaning.
- the second diagram on the left in the upper part of FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of Example 1 of the present application, and indicates a flaw of 10 ⁇ m or less (2 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m) of the polycrystalline silicon wafer indicated by a one-dot chain line. As described above, this level of flaws does not contribute to the degradation of the mechanical properties of the polycrystalline silicon wafer. As a matter of course, scratches of less than 2 ⁇ m indicated by dotted lines can be ignored.
- the third diagram on the left in the upper part of FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of Example 2 of the present application, and indicates a scratch having a depth of 10 ⁇ m (extra) to 20 ⁇ m or less by a thin line.
- this level of flaws is a factor that degrades the mechanical characteristics of a polycrystalline silicon wafer if the maximum number of flaws per division when the entire wafer is divided into 100 mm squares is 3 or less. not a.
- scratches of 10 ⁇ m or less indicated by a dotted line and a one-dot chain line can be ignored.
- the depth of the flaw since the depth of the flaw has a large effect, only the flaw depth is described. However, as is apparent from the above description, the width of the scratch is also limited.
- the upper right diagram in FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of Example 3 of the present application, and a flaw having a depth of 20 ⁇ m (super) to 40 ⁇ m or less is indicated by a thin line.
- this level of flaws is a factor that degrades the mechanical properties of a polycrystalline silicon wafer if the maximum number of flaws per division when the entire wafer is divided into 100 mm squares is one or less. not a.
- the maximum number of fine line scratches is 3 or less, and scratches of 10 ⁇ m or less indicated by dotted lines and dashed lines can be ignored.
- the depth of the flaw since the depth of the flaw has a large effect, only the flaw depth is described. However, as is apparent from the above description, the width of the scratch is also limited.
- the left diagram in the lower part of FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of Comparative Example 1, and scratches with a depth of 20 ⁇ m (extra) to 40 ⁇ m or less are indicated by bold lines.
- this level of flaws is polycrystalline when the maximum number of flaws per division when the entire wafer is divided into 100 mm squares is one or more (in some cases, there are two in the figure). This is a cause of deteriorating the mechanical properties of the silicon wafer and is not suitable. This is not suitable even if the maximum number of fine line scratches is 3 or less, and the scratches of 10 ⁇ m or less indicated by dotted lines and alternate long and short dash lines can be ignored.
- the depth of the flaw has a large effect, only the flaw depth is described. However, as apparent from the above description, the width of the scratch is also limited.
- the lower right figure of FIG. 7 is explanatory drawing of the comparative example 2, and shows a 40-micrometer-depth (super) damage
- this level of flaws is a factor that degrades the mechanical characteristics of a polycrystalline silicon wafer if the maximum number of flaws per division when the entire wafer is divided into 100 mm squares is one or more. Is unsuitable. This is unsuitable even if other scratches can be ignored.
- the depth of the flaw has a large effect, only the flaw depth is described. However, as apparent from the above description, the width of the scratch is also limited.
- the present invention is a large-sized polycrystalline silicon wafer, and particularly in a silicon wafer having an outer diameter of 450 mm or more, the generation of scratches on the wafer surface is small and small, and a large size similar to the mechanical properties of a single-crystal silicon wafer.
- the polycrystalline silicon wafer can be provided with an excellent effect.
- Single crystal wafers, especially when wafers move to the next generation size, can be supplied with wafers that can be tested at a much lower cost than single crystal wafers, and mechanical properties such as bending strength and gravity deflection are simple. Since it resembles the characteristics of a crystal wafer, it becomes an effective wafer in the development of a wafer case and the development of a transfer robot.
- a polycrystalline silicon wafer having an outer diameter of 450 mm or more manufactured using the polycrystalline silicon ingot of the present invention is inexpensive and useful as a large polycrystalline silicon wafer having a diameter of 450 mm or more, particularly as a mechanical silicon wafer.
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Abstract
Description
一方、デバイスの微細化の進展にともないシリコンウエハに対する品質要求は益々厳しくなっている。そのためウエハサイズが大型品に移行する際は、スケールの課題とともに品質の課題も解決する必要があり、次世代サイズの単結晶ウエハの市場価格は非常に高価になるという問題があった。
例えば、ウエハケースやウエハを搬送するロボットの開発においては、ウエハの重さや強度、ウエハの重力たわみ等の機械的な特性が単結晶ウエハと同等であれば、単結晶ウエハでなくとも目的に沿った試験が可能だと考えられる。
これらの焼結シリコン製ダミーウエハは、抗折力、引張強度、ビッカース硬度を調整し、ウエハの強度を高めることは出来ても、ウエハの重力たわみ量を単結晶シリコンウエハのそれに近付けることには自ずと限界があり、直径450mm以上のメカニカルウエハとして使用することが極めて限定される原因となっている。
本発明は、上記知見に基づき、以下の発明を提供する。
5)深さ2μm未満の傷については、CMPを実施しない傷として存在することを特徴とする1)~4)のいずれか一項に記載の多結晶シリコンウエハ。
そこで、本発明者らは、多結晶シリコンウエハ表面の傷の大きさと、多結晶シリコンウエハの機械的特性の関係を調査・研究することにより、相関を見出し、多結晶シリコンウエハ表面の傷の大きさを制御(調整)することにより、単結晶ウエハの機械的特性とが類似する多結晶シリコンウエハの条件を見出すことができた。
この場合も、CMPを実施しないので、深さ2μm未満の傷は存在する。すなわち、深さ2μm未満の傷については、CMPを実施しない傷として存在する。上記と同様に、このレベルの傷は、多結晶シリコンウエハの機械的特性を低下させる要因とはならないので、無視できる。
この場合も、CMPを実施しないので、深さ2μm未満の傷は存在する。すなわち、深さ2μm未満の傷については、CMPを実施しない傷として存在する。上記と同様に、このレベルの傷は、多結晶シリコンウエハの機械的特性を低下させる要因とはならないので、無視できる。
ブロック状でアニールする方が取り扱いは容易だが、単結晶ウエハの重力たわみと近似させるには、ウエハ形状に近いスライスした後に行なう方がどのウエハも安定して近似する特徴がある。
シリカ製坩堝内でシリコンを溶融させ、一方向凝固で坩堝底部の方から固化させて、純度6Nの690x690x250mmのシリコンインゴットを作製した。このインゴットは四つ角を切り落とし、円筒研削することにより外径がΦ451mm、長さが200mmになるように加工した。
そして4点曲げ試験機(図2)で100mm角にしたウエハの曲げ強度を測定した。その結果、幅100μm以下、深さ10μm以下の表面傷では、幅や長さや数量に大きく依存することなく、120MPaの曲げ強度があった。
実施例1で作製した100mm×100mm×925μmtのサンプルで、表面傷の深さを調べた様子を図3に示す。図3では、傷の幅が28μmであり、深さは14μmであった。傷の深さが10~20μmでその幅が20~40μmの場合は、100mm角当たり3本までは、傷が皆無の市販の単結晶ウエハの曲げ強度とほとんど差がなかった。因みに、この範囲のサンプルの曲げ強度は、単結晶ウエハの平均曲げ強度である100MPaから±10%以下であった。
実施例1で作製した100mm×100mm×925μmtのサンプルで、ウエハ表面の傷の幅が40μm以上100μm以下で深さが10~40μm以下の傷、若しくは幅が20μm以上40μm以下で深さが20μm以上40μm以下の場合は、100mm角当たり1本までは、傷が皆無の市販の単結晶ウエハの曲げ強度とほとんど差がなかった。この傷の例を図4に示す。図4では、傷の幅が63μmで、深さは27μmであった。
実施例1で作製した100mm×100mm×925μmtのサンプルを利用して、傷の本数を変更し、傷の幅が60μm程度、傷の深さが30μm程度の傷を2本以上としたところ、曲げ強度が60MPa以下に著しく低下した。
また、傷の幅が30μm程度、傷の深さが15μm程度の傷を4本以上としたところ、曲げ強度が60MPa以下に著しく低下した。
実施例1で作製した100mm×100mm×925μmtのサンプルを利用して、傷のサイズを変更し、傷の幅が127μm、傷の深さが54μmである場合の様子を、図5に示す。表面傷の深さが40μm超又は傷の幅が100μm以上の場合は曲げ強度が60MPa以下に著しく低下した。
当然のことであるが、点線及び一点鎖線で表示した10μm以下の傷は無視できる。なお、上記の説明では、傷の深さが大きな影響を与えるので、傷の深さのみの説明に留めた。しかし、上記の説明から明らかなように、傷の幅も制限を受けるものである。
当然のことであるが、細線の傷は最大個数が3個以下、点線及び一点鎖線で表示した10μm以下の傷は無視できる。なお、上記の説明では、傷の深さが大きな影響を与えるので、傷の深さのみの説明に留めた。しかし、上記の説明から明らかなように、傷の幅も制限を受けるものである。
このように、本発明の多結晶シリコンインゴット用いて製作した外径が450mm以上の多結晶シリコンウエハは、安価でかつ450mm以上の大型多結晶シリコンウエハとして、特にメカニカルシリコンウエハとして有用である。
Claims (5)
- 溶解法により作製した外径が450mm以上の多結晶シリコンウエハであって、該ウエハに存在する傷の深さが10μm以下であることを特徴とする多結晶シリコンウエハ。
- 溶解法により作製した外径が450mm以上の多結晶シリコンウエハであって、該ウエハに存在する幅が40μm以上100μm以下、深さが10μm超40μm以下である傷が、ウエハ全体を100mm角に区分した場合の一区分当たりの最大個数が1個以下であり、残余の傷の深さが10μm以下であることを特徴とする多結晶シリコンウエハ。
- 溶解法により作製した外径が450mm以上の多結晶シリコンウエハであって、該ウエハに存在する幅が20μm以上40μm以下、深さが20μm超40μm以下である傷が、ウエハ全体を100mm角に区分した場合の一区分当たりの最大個数が1個以下であり、残余の傷の深さが10μm以下であることを特徴とする多結晶シリコンウエハ。
- 溶解法により作製した外径が450mm以上の多結晶シリコンウエハであって、該ウエハに存在する幅が20μm以上40μm以下、深さが10μm超20μm以下である傷が、ウエハ全体を100mm角に区分した場合の一区分当たりの傷の最大個数が3個以下であり、残余の傷の深さが10μm以下であることを特徴とする多結晶シリコンウエハ。
- 深さ2μm未満の傷については、CMPを実施しない傷として存在することを特徴とする請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の多結晶シリコンウエハ。
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