WO2013136798A1 - 抵抗変化素子、その抵抗変化素子を有する半導体装置、その半導体装置の製造方法およびその抵抗変化素子を用いたプログラミング方法 - Google Patents
抵抗変化素子、その抵抗変化素子を有する半導体装置、その半導体装置の製造方法およびその抵抗変化素子を用いたプログラミング方法 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a semiconductor device and a method for manufacturing the same, and more particularly to a semiconductor device having a variable resistance nonvolatile element (hereinafter referred to as a “resistance variable element”) and a method for manufacturing the same. Further, the present invention relates to a programming method using the variable resistance element.
- a semiconductor device having a variable resistance nonvolatile element (hereinafter referred to as a “resistance variable element”) and a method for manufacturing the same. Further, the present invention relates to a programming method using the variable resistance element.
- MOSFET Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor
- FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array
- the FPGA enables the customer himself to perform an arbitrary circuit configuration after manufacturing the chip.
- the FPGA has a resistance change element, and the customer can arbitrarily connect the wirings arbitrarily.
- the resistance change element include ReRAM (Resistance Random Access Memory) using a transition metal oxide, a solid electrolyte switch using an ionic conductor, an atomic switch, and the like.
- Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 1 two electrodes are arranged via an ion conductor (a solid in which ions can freely move by application of an electric field or the like), and a conduction state between them is controlled.
- ion conductor a solid in which ions can freely move by application of an electric field or the like
- crossbar switch in the case of a two-terminal switching element (resistance change element) are disclosed.
- Non-Patent Document 1 discloses a switching element using metal ion migration and electrochemical reaction in an ion conductor.
- the switching element disclosed in Non-Patent Document 1 includes an ion conductive layer and a first electrode and a second electrode that are provided to face each other with the ion conductive layer interposed therebetween.
- the 1st electrode has played the role for supplying a metal ion to an ion conductive layer.
- Metal ions are not supplied from the second electrode to the ion conductive layer.
- this switching element When the second electrode is grounded and a positive voltage is applied to the first electrode, the metal of the first electrode becomes metal ions and dissolves in the ion conductive layer. Then, metal ions in the ion conductive layer are deposited as a metal in the ion conductive layer, and a metal bridge (also referred to as a filament or a conductive path) connecting the first electrode and the second electrode is formed by the deposited metal. .
- the switch is turned on by electrically connecting the first electrode and the second electrode by metal bridge.
- the first electrode is grounded and a positive voltage is applied to the second electrode in the ON state, a part of the metal bridge is cut.
- the electrical connection between the first electrode and the second electrode is cut off, and the switch is turned off.
- the electrical characteristics change from the stage before the electrical connection is completely cut off, such as the resistance between the first electrode and the second electrode is increased, or the capacitance between the electrodes is changed. Cut out.
- the second electrode is grounded again and a positive voltage is applied to the first electrode.
- Such a switching element is characterized in that it is smaller in size than a semiconductor switch (such as a MOSFET) and has a small on-resistance (ON-state resistance value). Therefore, the switching element is considered promising for application to programmable logic devices. Further, in this switching element, its conduction state (on or off) is maintained as it is without applying an applied voltage, so that it can be applied as a nonvolatile memory element.
- a nonvolatile memory element For example, with a memory cell including one selection element such as a transistor and one switching element as a basic unit, a plurality of memory cells are arranged in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction, respectively. Arranging in this way makes it possible to select an arbitrary memory cell from among a plurality of memory cells with the word line and the bit line. Non-volatile that can sense the conduction state of the switching element of the selected memory cell and read information “1” or “0” from the on or off state of the switching element. Memory can be realized.
- An object of the present invention is to solve the problems of the above-described technology, and includes a resistance change element equipped with a resistance change element capable of high reliability and high density at a low voltage, and The manufacturing method is provided.
- the variable resistance element of the present invention includes a variable resistance film, a first electrode disposed in contact with one surface of the variable resistance film, and a second electrode disposed in contact with the other surface of the variable resistance film.
- the first and second electrodes each have a corner, and the distance between the corners of the first and second electrodes is the shortest distance between the first and second electrodes.
- the method for manufacturing a semiconductor device of the present invention includes an insulating barrier film forming step of forming an insulating barrier film on two first wirings provided in one of wiring layers included in a multilayer wiring, and 2 An opening forming step of forming an opening in the insulating barrier film, the wall having a tapered surface that becomes wider from the first wiring in the vertical direction, and exposing an at least part of the upper surface of the two first wirings; Of the multilayer wiring, two first wirings were formed, a resistance changing film forming step of forming a resistance change element film in an opening including at least a wall surface, an electrode forming step of forming an electrode on the resistance changing film, Forming a second wiring connected to the electrode in a wiring layer different from the wiring layer.
- the resistance change element programming method of the present invention sandwiches the resistance change film so that the distance between the corners of the first and second electrodes is the shortest distance between the first and second electrodes.
- the location where the filament (conductive path) is formed is specified.
- the programming operation is stabilized, and variations in the programming voltage can be kept small, so that the programming voltage can be lowered.
- both electrodes are corner portions, the effective electric field during programming can be increased by the effect of electric field concentration, so that the programming voltage can be lowered.
- variable resistance elements There are two types of operating characteristics of variable resistance elements: unipolar and bipolar.
- the unipolar variable resistance element is a switching element that can be switched between a high resistance state (OFF state) and a low resistance state (ON state) by an applied voltage.
- the bipolar variable resistance element is a switching element that can be switched between a high resistance state and a low resistance state in accordance with the polarity of an applied voltage.
- the bipolar variable resistance element can be used in ReRAM and NanoBridge (registered trademark), and the unipolar variable resistance element can be used in ReRAM.
- 1A to 1D are diagrams showing operating characteristics of a unipolar variable resistance element.
- the unipolar variable resistance element has a configuration including a first electrode, a second electrode, and a variable resistance element sandwiched between these two electrodes.
- the resistance change element transitions from the OFF state to the ON state using the desired set voltage Vs as the threshold voltage.
- the OFF state means a state where the resistance value between the two electrodes is high (high resistance state)
- the ON state means a state where the resistance value between the two electrodes is low (low resistance state).
- the threshold voltage depends on the film thickness, composition, density, and the like of the resistance change layer.
- variable resistance element in the ON state when a positive voltage is applied to the first electrode again, as shown in FIG. 1B, a transition is made from the ON state to the OFF state at a desired threshold voltage (reset voltage Vr). Furthermore, when a positive voltage is continuously applied to the first electrode, the set voltage Vs is reached, and the resistance change element again transitions from the OFF state to the ON state.
- this variable resistance element is symmetrical in the operations of FIGS. 1A-1B and FIGS. 1C-1D, and does not depend on the voltage application direction (polarity), but only on the voltage level. Resistance change characteristics. Such an element is defined as a unipolar variable resistance element.
- 2A to 2D are diagrams showing operating characteristics of the bipolar variable resistance element.
- voltage-current characteristics are shown when the configuration of the bipolar variable resistance element is the same as that of the unipolar variable resistance element described above.
- the resistance change element transitions from the OFF state (high resistance state) to the ON state (low resistance state) using the desired set voltage Vs as a threshold voltage. Subsequently, in the variable resistance element in the ON state, when a positive voltage is applied to the first electrode again, the resistance change seen in the unipolar variable resistance element does not occur, as shown in FIG. 2B.
- the device maintains an ON state and exhibits ohmic current-voltage characteristics.
- this bipolar variable resistance element transitions from the OFF state to the ON state only when a positive voltage is applied to the first electrode, and from the ON state only when a negative voltage is applied to the first electrode. Transition to the OFF state occurs.
- Such an element is defined as a bipolar variable resistance element.
- the electrode used for the bipolar variable resistance element is defined as follows. As described with reference to FIGS. 2A to 2D, an electrode that transitions from an OFF state to an ON state when a positive voltage is applied is defined as a “first electrode” or an “active electrode”. Conversely, an electrode that transitions from an ON state to an OFF state when a positive voltage is applied is defined as a “second electrode” or an “inactive electrode”.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of the variable resistance element used in the semiconductor device of the present embodiment.
- the resistance change element 100 shown in FIG. 3 is, for example, a solid electrolyte switch (atomic switch) showing a bipolar resistance change operation.
- the configuration includes a first electrode 101 (active electrode), a second electrode 102 (inactive electrode), and a resistance change film 103 sandwiched between these electrodes. These are formed inside the insulating film 105 on a semiconductor substrate (not shown).
- the resistance change film 103 is, for example, an ionic conductor disclosed in Non-Patent Document 1.
- the first electrode 101 has a corner portion 106 of the first electrode
- the second electrode 102 has a corner portion 107 of the second electrode.
- angular part of the electrode of embodiment of this invention shows the corner
- the distance between the corner portion 106 of the first electrode and the corner portion 107 of the second electrode is indicated by a distance 108 between the corner portions. At this time, the distance 108 between the corners coincides with the shortest path of the distance between the first electrode 101 and the second electrode 102.
- the first electrode 101 when the first electrode 101 is Cu, the second electrode 102 is Ru, and the resistance change film 103 is a polymer solid electrolyte, a transition is made from a high resistance state (OFF state) to a low resistance state (ON state) (set) Operation) will be described.
- the first electrode 101 only needs to contain Cu as a main component, and may be an alloy containing Cu.
- the second electrode 102 is grounded to 0 V, and a positive voltage is applied to the first electrode 101.
- the electric field (number of electric lines of force per unit area) induced by the voltage applied between the first electrode and the second electrode is maximized on the distance 108 between the corners.
- a path through which Cu ions are deposited in the resistance change film 103 interposed between the first electrode and the second electrode is identified at the distance 108 between the corners, and a Cu bridge is formed to enter a low resistance state (ON state). Transition.
- the first electrode 101 is grounded to 0V, and a positive voltage is applied to the second electrode 102.
- the current that flows due to the voltage applied between the first electrode and the second electrode is maximized on the distance 108 between the corners. This coincides with the formation position of the Cu bridge formed in the resistance change film 103 interposed between the first electrode and the second electrode.
- the current path is identified on the distance 108 between the corners, and transitions to the high resistance state (OFF state) when the threshold current (or voltage) is reached.
- either one of the first electrode and the second electrode can have a corner, but in this case, only electric field concentration is generated during programming of either the set operation or the reset operation. It is effective for.
- both electrodes since both electrodes have corner portions, the shortest path between the corner portions is uniquely determined for the first time, and the formation position of the conductive path can be specified. As a result, stabilization of the programming operation that has not been obtained with an element in which only one of the electrodes has a corner portion until now can be achieved, and thereby the voltage can be lowered.
- the shortest distance between the corners of the first electrode and the second electrode is specified, and therefore the location where the filament (conductive path) is formed Is identified.
- the programming operation is stabilized, and variations in the programming voltage can be kept small, so that the programming voltage can be lowered.
- both electrodes are corners, the effective electric field during programming can be increased by the effect of electric field concentration, so that the programming voltage can be lowered.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a configuration example of a resistance change element used in the semiconductor device of this embodiment.
- the second embodiment is the same as the first embodiment except that the positions of the upper surface of the first electrode 201 and the lower surface of the second electrode 202 coincide. It is.
- the resistance change element 200 is, for example, a solid electrolyte switch (atomic switch) that exhibits a bipolar resistance change operation.
- the structure includes a first electrode 201 (active electrode), a second electrode 202 (inactive electrode), and a resistance change film 203 sandwiched between these electrodes. These are formed inside the insulating film 205 on a semiconductor substrate (not shown).
- the resistance change film 203 is, for example, an ionic conductor disclosed in Non-Patent Document 1.
- the first electrode 201 has a corner 206 of the first electrode
- the second electrode 202 has a corner 207 of the second electrode.
- the distance between the corner 206 of the first electrode and the corner 207 of the second electrode is indicated by the distance 208 between the corners.
- the distance 208 between the corners coincides with the shortest path of the distance between the first electrode 201 and the second electrode 202. Since the programming method of the resistance change element is the same as that of the first embodiment, the description thereof is omitted.
- FIG. 5 is a modification of the second embodiment. Similar to the resistance change element 200 of the second embodiment, the resistance change element 300 of the present modification includes the first electrode 301, the second electrode 302, the resistance change film 303, and the insulating film 305. Only the shape of the second electrode 302 is different.
- the second electrode 302 is formed along the resistance change film 303 as shown in FIG.
- the first electrode 301 is formed with a corner 306 of the first electrode
- the second electrode 302 is formed with a corner 307 of the second electrode.
- the distance between the corner 306 of the first electrode and the corner 307 of the second electrode is indicated by the distance 308 between the corners.
- 2nd Embodiment since it is the same as 2nd Embodiment except the shape of the 2nd electrode 302, detailed description regarding another structure is abbreviate
- the length of the shortest path between the electrodes is determined by the position (distance) between the first electrode 101 and the second electrode 102, that is, the overlay accuracy of lithography.
- the thickness of the film 103 may be larger. Therefore, there is a problem that the effect of lowering the voltage is not stabilized when compared with the case where no corner is used.
- the shortest distance between the electrodes and the distance between the corners can be matched, and the thickness of the resistance change film 203 can be matched. The voltage can be lowered.
- the margin is kept larger than the alignment of the lithography process. Can do. As a result, the variation in threshold voltage can be kept small.
- the shortest distance between the electrodes and the distance 308 between the corners are matched, and the resistance change film
- the film thickness of 303 can be matched.
- the filament A location where a conductive path is formed is specified.
- the programming operation is stabilized, and variations in the programming voltage can be kept small, so that the programming voltage can be lowered.
- both electrodes are corners, the effective electric field during programming can be increased by the effect of electric field concentration, so that the programming voltage can be lowered.
- the shortest distance between the corners is matched with the film thickness of the resistance change film, so that the variation in threshold voltage can be kept smaller than in the first embodiment. it can.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a resistance change element used in the semiconductor device according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- the resistance change element 400 in FIG. 6 is, for example, a solid electrolyte switch (atomic switch) showing a bipolar resistance change operation.
- the resistance change element 400 includes a first electrode 401 (active electrode), a second electrode 402 (inactive electrode), a resistance change film 403 sandwiched between these electrodes, and a third electrode 404. These are formed inside an insulating film 405 on a semiconductor substrate (not shown).
- the resistance change film 403 is, for example, an ionic conductor disclosed in Non-Patent Document 1.
- the first electrode 401 has a corner 406 of the first electrode
- the second electrode 402 has a corner 407 of the second electrode.
- the distance between the corner 406 of the first electrode and the corner 407 of the second electrode is indicated by the distance 408 between the corners. At this time, the distance 408 between the corners coincides with the shortest path of the distance between the first electrode 401 and the second electrode 402.
- the third electrode 404 is provided on the same side as the first electrode 401 with respect to the resistance change film 403, and is arranged so that the horizontal plane is the same as that of the first electrode.
- the third electrode 404 has a corner 409 of the third electrode.
- variable resistance element 400 [Description of Operation] Next, the operation of the variable resistance element 400 according to the third embodiment will be described.
- the first electrode 401 and the third electrode 404 are Cu
- the second electrode 402 is Ru
- the resistance change film 403 is a polymer solid electrolyte
- the high resistance state (OFF state) is changed to the low resistance state (ON state).
- the transition operation (set operation) will be described.
- the first electrode 401 and the third electrode 404 only need to contain Cu as a main component, and may be an alloy containing Cu.
- the voltage applied at this time is such that the potential of the first electrode 401 is V1, the second electrode 402 is V2, and the third electrode 404 is V3.
- V1 2V
- V2 1V
- V3 1V
- the corner portion 409 of the third electrode is grounded, the electric field density at the corner portion 406 of the first electrode increases.
- the electric field (number of lines of electric force per unit area) induced by the voltage applied between the first electrode and the second electrode is maximized at the corner 406 of the first electrode, and the first electrode-second.
- a metal bridge can be formed between the two electrodes, and transition to the ON state can be made.
- V1 1V
- V2 0V
- V3 0V
- the electric field density at the corner portion 406 of the first electrode is increased by applying a voltage higher than V2 to the corner portion 409 of the third electrode.
- the electric field (number of lines of electric force per unit area) induced by the voltage applied between the first electrode and the second electrode is maximized at the corner 406 of the first electrode, and the first electrode-second.
- a metal bridge can be formed between the two electrodes, and transition to the ON state can be made.
- variable resistance element of the third embodiment of the present invention the shortest distance between both corners of the first electrode and the second electrode is specified as in the first embodiment. From this, the place where the filament (conductive path) is formed is specified. As a result, the programming operation is stabilized and variations in the programming voltage can be kept small, so that the programming voltage can be lowered.
- both electrodes are corners, the effective electric field during programming can be increased by the effect of electric field concentration, so that the programming voltage can be lowered.
- the voltage values shown in this embodiment are numerical values for explaining the operation of the semiconductor device of this embodiment, and do not limit the operation of the semiconductor device using the resistance change element according to the present invention. .
- FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining a semiconductor device 505 according to the fourth embodiment.
- the following variable resistance element has the configuration shown in FIG.
- a semiconductor device 505 according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 7 includes a first variable resistance element 501 having the same configuration as the variable resistance element 400 according to the third embodiment.
- the first resistance change element 501 includes a first electrode 401, a second electrode 402, a third electrode 404, and a resistance change film 403.
- symbol of FIG. 6 is used for the code
- the semiconductor device 505 is additionally provided with a first control line 502 connected to the first electrode 401, a second control line 503 connected to the second electrode 402, and a third control line 504 connected to the third electrode 404. ing. At this time, the third control line 504 can be installed non-parallel to both the first control line 502 and the second control line 503.
- the first electrode 401 is connected to the first control electrode 506, the second electrode 402 is connected to the second control electrode 507, and the third electrode 404 is connected to the third control electrode 508.
- a positive voltage equal to or lower than the set voltage Vs is applied to the first control electrode 506 (for example, 2 V), a voltage lower than the first control electrode 506 (for example, 1 V) is applied to the second control electrode 507, and the third control electrode 508 is applied to the third control electrode 508. Applies the same voltage (for example, 1 V) as the second control electrode 507. This state is defined as a preset state (initial state) of the first resistance change element 501.
- the potential of the third control electrode 508 is applied with a voltage lower than that in the preset state or with a voltage opposite to the voltage applied to the first control line 502 (for example, 0 V). Thereby, the 1st resistance change element 501 will be in an ON state. Thereafter, the voltages applied to the preset first control electrode 506 and second control electrode 507 are released.
- the first control line 502 and the second control line 503 are cut off, a positive voltage not higher than the reset voltage Vr is applied to the second control electrode 507 (for example, 1.5 V), and the first control electrode 506 A voltage (for example, 1 V) lower than that of the second control electrode 507 is applied, and the same voltage (for example, 1.5 V) as that of the second control electrode 507 is applied to the third control electrode 508.
- the first variable resistance element 501 is in a preset state.
- the potential of the third control electrode 508 is applied with a voltage lower than that in the preset state, or with a voltage opposite in polarity to the voltage applied to the second control line 503 (for example, 0 V). Thereby, the 1st resistance change element 501 will be in an OFF state. Thereafter, the voltages applied to the preset first control electrode 506 and second control electrode 507 are released.
- a positive voltage equal to or higher than the reset voltage Vr (for example, 2.5 V) is applied to the second control electrode 507, and a second voltage is applied to the first control electrode 506.
- a voltage (for example, 0 V) lower than that of the control electrode 507 is applied.
- the first variable resistance element 501 is turned off.
- a memory cell including one selection element such as a transistor and one resistance change element is used as a basic unit. Can be arranged in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction. Arranging in this way makes it possible to select an arbitrary memory cell from among a plurality of memory cells with the word line and the bit line. Then, the conduction state of the resistance change element of the selected memory cell is sensed, and it can be read whether the information “1” or “0” is stored from the ON or OFF state of the resistance change element. A non-volatile memory can be realized.
- the resistance change element of the fourth embodiment when considering that the resistance change element of the fourth embodiment is used for a crossbar switch used for transmission of a signal line of ULSI (Ultra Large Scale Integration), the resistance change element in the high resistance state depends on the logic amplitude of the signal. Occurrence of a problem of erroneous writing (OFF disturb) can be suppressed. In particular, the disturb problem can be solved even when the programming voltage of the resistance change element is lowered to approach the operating voltage of the logic LSI. Therefore, it is possible to achieve both low programming voltage and high reliability.
- OFF disturb a problem of erroneous writing
- the voltage values shown in this embodiment are numerical values for explaining the operation of the semiconductor device of this embodiment, and do not limit the operation of the semiconductor device using the resistance change element according to the present invention. .
- the location where the filament (conductive path) is formed is Identified.
- the programming operation is stabilized, and variations in the programming voltage can be kept small, so that the programming voltage can be lowered.
- both electrodes are corner portions, the effective electric field at the time of programming can be increased by the effect of electric field concentration, so that the programming voltage can be lowered.
- Example 1 relating to the resistance change element 600 according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be described.
- the operation of Example 1 is the same as the operation of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a configuration example of the variable resistance element 600 according to the first embodiment, and
- FIG. 9 is a top view.
- the resistance change element 600 of this embodiment shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 has a wiring and first electrode 601 composed of a copper wiring 601a and a barrier metal 601b.
- the wiring and first electrode 601 is formed inside the first interlayer insulating film 602.
- An insulating barrier film 603 is formed on the upper surface of the wiring and first electrode 601, and a second interlayer insulating film 604 is formed thereon.
- the first and second interlayer insulating films 602 and 604 are insulating films formed on the semiconductor substrate.
- a silicon oxide film or a low dielectric constant film for example, a SiOCH film
- the first and second interlayer insulating films are not limited to a single layer, and may be a laminate of a plurality of insulating films.
- barrier metal 601b a stacked structure of Ta, Ti, and nitrogen compounds thereof can be used. As shown in the figure, the barrier metal 601b is disposed so as to cover the side surface of the copper electrode 601a.
- the insulating barrier film 603 is made of SiN, SiC, SiCN, or a laminated structure thereof.
- the insulating barrier film 603 is formed with a hole 610 having a reverse taper when viewed from the upper side perpendicular to the surface of the substrate.
- the resistance change element 600 of this embodiment has a resistance change film 605 in contact with the wiring and first electrode 601, and has a second electrode 606 and an upper electrode 607 thereon.
- the resistance change film 605 can be an oxide ion conductive layer such as TaO, TaSiO, HfO, ZrO, or AlO or an ion conductive layer made of an organic polymer.
- the resistance change film 605 may be a chalcogenide ion conductive layer such as GeSeTe or GdTe doped with Cu as mobile ions in advance.
- the second electrode 606 and the upper electrode 607 are processed so as to have an electrode shape 611.
- the second electrode 606 is preferably an electrode that is inert to mobile ions (copper), and a noble metal electrode such as Ru or Pt is preferably used.
- the upper electrode 607 serves to protect the second electrode 606 being processed, and Ta, Ti, and nitrogen compounds thereof can be used.
- the resistance change element 600 includes a wiring-cum-first electrode corner 608 and a second electrode corner 609. At this time, the distance between the corners coincides with the shortest distance between the wiring and first electrode 601 and the second electrode 606.
- the corner 608 of the wiring and first electrode corresponds to the corner of the Cu wiring 601a (FIG. 9).
- the distance between the corner 608 of the wiring / first electrode and the corner 609 of the second electrode is the same as the distance between the wiring / first electrode 601 and the second electrode 601. This is uniquely determined as the shortest distance between the electrodes 606. That is, when the switching operation of the first embodiment is performed, the portion where the electrolytic concentration occurs can be fixed to the corner portion 608 of the wiring and first electrode and the corner portion 609 of the second electrode, and the formation position of the conductive path can be determined. Can be identified.
- variable resistance element according to the first embodiment of the present invention is used, the programming operation is stabilized and programming at a lower voltage is possible as compared with the variable resistance element in which the formation position of the conductive path cannot be specified. .
- Example 2 relating to the variable resistance element 800 according to the second embodiment of the present invention will be described.
- the operation of Example 2 is the same as that of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a configuration example of the variable resistance element 800 according to the second embodiment, and
- FIG. 11 is a top view.
- the variable resistance element 800 of the second embodiment shown in FIGS. 10 and 11 includes a wiring / first electrode 801, a second electrode 806, a first interlayer insulating film 802, and a second interlayer insulating film. 804, an insulating barrier film 803, a resistance change film 805, and an upper electrode 807. Further, the wiring / first electrode 801 has a corner 808 of the wiring / first electrode, and the second electrode 806 has a corner 809 of the second electrode.
- the second electrode 806 and the upper electrode 807 are processed so as to have an electrode shape 811.
- the insulating barrier film 803 is formed with a hole 810 having a reverse taper when viewed from above perpendicularly to the surface of the substrate.
- omitted since it is the same as Example 1 except the shapes of the corner
- the resistance change element 800 of this embodiment has a corner 808 of the wiring / first electrode and a corner 809 of the second electrode, and the distance between the corners is between the wiring / first electrode 801 and the second electrode 806. Matches the shortest distance.
- the barrier metal 801a is positioned on the lower surface than the barrier metal 601a of the resistance change element 600 of Example 1 by dry etching. Therefore, the corner portion 808 of the wiring and first electrode is composed of only the copper wiring 801b (FIG. 11).
- the distance between the corner 808 of the wiring / first electrode and the corner 809 of the second electrode is the same as that of the wiring / first electrode 801 and the second electrode 801. This is uniquely determined as the shortest distance between the electrodes 806. That is, when the switching operation of the first embodiment is performed, the portion where the electrolytic concentration occurs can be fixed to the corner portion 808 of the wiring and first electrode and the corner portion 809 of the second electrode, and the formation position of the conductive path can be determined. Can be identified.
- the programming operation is stabilized and programming at a lower voltage is possible as compared with the resistance change element in which the formation position of the conductive path cannot be specified. .
- the electric field concentrates only on the copper wiring portion including movable ions, compared with the case where the resistance change element according to the first embodiment is used. Programming can be realized with voltage.
- Example 3 relating to the variable resistance element according to the third embodiment of the present invention will be described.
- the operation of Example 3 is the same as that of the third embodiment.
- FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view showing one configuration example of the variable resistance element of Example 1
- FIG. 13 is a top view.
- the variable resistance element 1000 of the third embodiment shown in FIGS. 12 and 13 includes a wiring / first electrode 1001, a second electrode 1006, a wiring / third electrode 1010, and a first interlayer insulating film. 1002, a second interlayer insulating film 1004, an insulating barrier film 1003, a resistance change film 1005, and an upper electrode 1007.
- the wiring and first electrode 1001 includes a copper wiring 1001a and a barrier metal 1001b.
- omitted since it is the same as Example 1 except having wiring and the 3rd electrode 1010, description of the same location is abbreviate
- the resistance change element 1000 includes a wiring / third electrode 1010 including a copper wiring 1010a also serving as a third electrode and a barrier metal 1010b.
- the wiring and third electrode 1010 is in contact with the resistance change film 1008. Further, the wiring and first electrode 1001 and the wiring and third electrode 1010 are on the same side with respect to the resistance change film 1005 and have the same horizontal plane.
- the second electrode 1006 and the upper electrode 1007 are processed so as to have an electrode shape 1101.
- the second electrode 1006 is preferably an electrode that is inert to mobile ions (copper), and it is preferable to use a noble metal-based electrode such as Ru or Pt.
- the upper electrode 1007 serves to protect the second electrode 1006 during processing, and Ta, Ti, and nitrogen compounds thereof can be used.
- the insulating barrier film 1003 is formed with a hole 1100 having a reverse taper when viewed from the upper side perpendicular to the surface of the substrate.
- the resistance change element 1000 includes a wiring / first electrode corner 1008 and a second electrode corner 1009.
- the corner portion 1008 of the wiring and first electrode corresponds to the corner of the Cu wiring 1001a (FIG. 13).
- the distance between the corner 1008 of the wiring / first electrode and the corner 1009 of the second electrode is the shortest distance between the wiring / first electrode 1001 and the second electrode 1006. It is determined uniquely. That is, when the switching operation of the third embodiment is performed, the location where the electrolytic concentration occurs can be fixed to the corner portion 1008 of the wiring and first electrode and the corner portion 1009 of the second electrode, and the conductive path formation position Can be specified.
- the programming operation is stabilized and programming at a lower voltage is possible as compared with the resistance change element in which the formation position of the conductive path cannot be specified. .
- Example 3 a programming method in which a programming voltage is applied also to the wiring and third electrode can be used. That is, since the OFF disturbance between the first electrode and the second electrode can be kept high, it is possible to provide a variable resistance element that can achieve higher reliability and lower voltage.
- variable resistance element using the ion conductive layer has been specifically described.
- other variable resistance elements can be used.
- CMOS Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor
- DRAM Dynamic Random Access Memory
- SRAM Static Random Access Memory
- flash memory FeRAM (Ferroelectric Random Access Memory, Memory RAM).
- Semiconductor products having a memory circuit such as a resistance change type memory, bipolar transistor, etc., semiconductor products having a logic circuit such as a microprocessor, or the copper wiring of a board or a package on which the same is posted. it can.
- the present invention can also be applied to a semiconductor device such as an electronic circuit device, an optical circuit device, a quantum circuit device, a micromachine, and a MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems).
- the examples of the switch function have been mainly described.
- the present invention can also be used for a memory element using both non-volatility and resistance change characteristics.
- variable resistance element it is possible to confirm the structure of the variable resistance element according to the present invention from the manufactured device. Specifically, it is possible to confirm that the copper wiring is used for the multilayer wiring by observing the cross section of the device to be observed with a TEM (Transmission Electron Microscope). Using a TEM, when a resistance change element is mounted, the electrodes in the resistance change element are identified, and the electrodes have corners, and whether the corners coincide with the shortest distance between the electrodes. It can confirm by observing and can confirm whether it is the structure as described in this invention.
- TEM Transmission Electron Microscope
- composition analysis such as EDX (Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy) and EELS (Electron Energy-Loss Spectroscopy: Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy) is included in the present invention. Can be confirmed.
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Abstract
Description
102 第2電極
103 抵抗変化膜
105 絶縁膜
106 第1電極の角部
107 第2電極の角部
108 角部間の距離
404 第3電極
409 第3電極の角部
501 第1抵抗変化素子
502 第1制御線
503 第2制御線
504 第3制御線
505 半導体装置
506 第1制御電極
507 第2制御電極
508 第3制御電極
601 配線兼第1電極
601a 銅配線
601b バリアメタル
602 第1層間絶縁膜
603 絶縁性バリア膜
605 抵抗変化膜
606 第2電極
607 上部電極
608 配線兼第1電極の角部
609 第2電極の角部
1001 配線兼第1電極
1001a 銅配線
1001b バリアメタル
1002 第1層間絶縁膜
1003 絶縁性バリア膜
1005 抵抗変化膜
1006 第2電極
1007 上部電極
1008 配線兼第1電極の角部
1009 第2電極の角部
1010 配線兼第3電極
Claims (10)
- 抵抗変化膜と、
前記抵抗変化膜の一方の面に配置される第1電極と、
前記抵抗変化膜の他方の面に配置される第2電極と、を備え、
前記第1および第2の電極はそれぞれ角部を有し、
前記第1および第2の電極の角部間の距離が、前記第1および第2の電極間の最短距離となることを特徴とする抵抗変化素子。 - 前記一方の面に配置される第3の電極を有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の抵抗変化素子。
- バイポーラ型の抵抗変化素子であって、
前記第1電極は金属イオンの供給源となる材料を含み、
前記第2電極は前記第1電極よりもイオン化しにくい材料からなり、
前記抵抗変化素子膜は前記金属イオンが伝導可能なイオン伝導層であることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の抵抗変化素子。 - 前記第1電極は銅配線を兼ね、
前記第1電極のうち前記抵抗変化膜と接していない面はバリアメタルで覆われていることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の抵抗変化素子。 - 少なくとも前記第1電極の角部は銅を含む材料からなることを特徴とする請求項3または4に記載の抵抗変化素子。
- 前記第3電極は銅配線を兼ね、
前記第3電極の前記抵抗変化膜と接していない面はバリアメタルで覆われていることを特徴とする請求項3乃至5のいずれか一項に記載の抵抗変化素子。 - 多層配線のいずれか1層の配線層が前記第1電極を有し、
前記第1電極と前記抵抗変化膜との間には前記抵抗変化膜の一部が挿設された開口部を有する絶縁性バリア膜が設けられ、
前記第1電極は前記開口部を介して前記抵抗変化素子膜と接していることを特徴とする請求項4乃至6のいずれか一項に記載の抵抗変化素子。 - 請求項1乃至7のいずれか一項に記載の抵抗変化素子を含むことを特徴とする半導体装置。
- 多層配線を有する半導体装置の製造方法であって、
前記多層配線に含まれる配線層の1つに設けられた2つの第1配線の上に絶縁性バリア膜を形成する絶縁性バリア膜形成工程と、
前記2つの第1配線から垂直方向に離れるにしたがって広くなるテーパ面を壁面に備え、前記2つの第1配線の上面の少なくとも一部を露出する開口部を前記絶縁性バリア膜に形成する開口部形成工程と、
少なくとも前記壁面を含む前記開口部に抵抗変化素子膜を形成する抵抗変化膜形成工程と、
前記抵抗変化膜の上に電極を形成する電極形成工程と、
前記多層配線のうち、前記2つの第1配線が形成された配線層とは異なる配線層に前記電極に接続する第2配線を形成する第2配線形成工程と、を有することを特徴とする半導体装置の製造方法。 - 第1および第2の電極の角部間の距離が前記第1および第2の電極間の最短距離となるように抵抗変化膜を挟持し、前記第1の電極が配置された面と同一の面に配置された第3の電極を有する抵抗変化素子のプログラミング方法であって、
前記第1および第2の電極間に電圧を印加した状態を初期状態とし、前記第3電極に電圧パルスを印加することによって前記抵抗変化膜の電気抵抗を変化させることを特徴とする抵抗変化素子のプログラミング方法。
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US9548115B2 (en) | 2017-01-17 |
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