WO2013133173A1 - 中和処理方法及び中和処理プラント - Google Patents
中和処理方法及び中和処理プラント Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013133173A1 WO2013133173A1 PCT/JP2013/055707 JP2013055707W WO2013133173A1 WO 2013133173 A1 WO2013133173 A1 WO 2013133173A1 JP 2013055707 W JP2013055707 W JP 2013055707W WO 2013133173 A1 WO2013133173 A1 WO 2013133173A1
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- neutralization
- final solution
- neutralized
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B23/00—Obtaining nickel or cobalt
- C22B23/04—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by wet processes
- C22B23/0453—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
- C22B23/0461—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by chemical methods
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B23/00—Obtaining nickel or cobalt
- C22B23/04—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by wet processes
- C22B23/0407—Leaching processes
- C22B23/0415—Leaching processes with acids or salt solutions except ammonium salts solutions
- C22B23/0423—Halogenated acids or salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/04—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes by leaching
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a neutralization treatment method and a neutralization treatment plant, and more specifically, in a wet smelting method of nickel oxide ore, a leachate obtained by solid-liquid separation of a leach slurry is neutralized and contains impurities.
- the present invention relates to a neutralization treatment method and a neutralization treatment plant used for the neutralization treatment in a neutralization step of obtaining a neutralized final solution containing zinc together with nickel and cobalt.
- High-Pressure-Acid-Leach has attracted attention as a method for hydrometallizing nickel oxide ore.
- this method does not include dry processes such as reduction and drying processes, and is a consistent wet process. Is advantageous.
- this method has an advantage that a sulfide containing nickel and cobalt whose nickel quality is increased to about 50% by mass (hereinafter sometimes referred to as a nickel / cobalt mixed sulfide) can be obtained. ing.
- the hydrometallurgical method of nickel oxide ore using this high pressure acid leaching method has the following steps, for example. That is, a sulfuric acid is added to a slurry of nickel oxide ore to obtain a leaching slurry by leaching under high temperature and high pressure, and a residue is separated while washing the leaching slurry in multiple stages to obtain a leachate containing impurity elements together with nickel and cobalt.
- a zinc sulfide is formed by adding hydrogen sulfide gas to the neutralized final solution, and the zinc sulfide is separated to obtain a nickel recovery mother liquor containing nickel and cobalt.
- the leachate obtained from the solid-liquid separation step is introduced into the neutralization tank, and the leachate is neutralized by adding calcium carbonate slurry, and water obtained.
- the oxide precipitate is solid-liquid separated to obtain a neutralized starch and a neutralized final solution.
- the neutralized final solution is introduced into a sulfurization reaction tank, and zinc, copper, etc. contained in the neutralized final solution are added by adding a sulfurizing agent such as hydrogen sulfide gas or sodium hydrosulfide. Sulfurization is performed, and then solid-liquid separation is performed using a filter press or the like to obtain a zinc sulfide and a nickel recovery mother liquor containing nickel and cobalt (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2).
- a sulfurizing agent such as hydrogen sulfide gas or sodium hydrosulfide.
- the Zn concentration in the final liquid is 1 mg / L in the dezincing step described above. It is required to be reduced to the following.
- the dezincing step when the produced zinc sulfide is filtered and separated using a filter cloth, it is desirable to prevent clogging of the filter cloth and suppress the reduction of the filtration rate.
- the pH of the neutralized final solution obtained in the neutralization step is adjusted to 3.0 to 3.5, and the neutralized final solution is turbid.
- the filter cloth can be more effectively prevented from being clogged and the filter cloth life can be extended. Is desired.
- the present invention has been proposed in view of such circumstances, and in the hydrometallurgy method of nickel oxide ore, the neutralization final solution containing zinc together with nickel and cobalt is subjected to sulfidation in the dezincification step. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method capable of improving the filterability during separation of zinc sulfide formed in this manner and thereby extending the life of the filter cloth.
- the present inventors have focused on the viscosity of the neutralized final solution obtained through the neutralization step in the nickel oxide ore hydrometallurgical method. Then, when the zinc sulfide formed by adding hydrogen sulfide gas to the neutralized final solution having a high viscosity is formed, the viscosity of the slurry containing the zinc sulfide is increased, and the filterability during filtration separation is increased. It turned out to be damaged. Therefore, the present inventors have formed a post-dezincing step by performing a control to return the neutralized final solution, which has become larger than the predetermined viscosity in the neutralization step, to the neutralization reaction treatment at a predetermined rate. The present inventors have found that the filterability during separation of zinc sulfide can be improved and the life of the filter cloth can be extended, and the present invention has been completed.
- the neutralization treatment method according to the present invention is a method of hydrometallizing nickel oxide ore by neutralizing a leachate obtained by leaching the nickel oxide ore, and neutralizing starch containing impurities, nickel and cobalt
- the neutralized final solution measured in the viscosity measurement step Viscosity, a mesh opening 0.45 ⁇ m membrane filter when intermediate larger sum final solution 50mL of 0.10 seconds as the time that passes / cm 2 ⁇ mL, neutralization final liquid transferred to the zinc removal reactor
- the flow rate is controlled, and a predetermined proportion of the neutralized final solution is returned to the neutralization reaction tank and circulated.
- the neutralization treatment plant is a method for hydrometallizing nickel oxide ore, neutralizing a leachate obtained by leaching the nickel oxide ore, neutralized starch containing impurities, nickel and cobalt
- a transfer pipe is provided in which a transfer pipe for transferring to the zinc reaction tank and a circulation pipe for circulating the neutralized final solution back into the neutralization reaction tank are connected and measured by the viscosity measuring unit.
- the viscosity of the neutralized final solution is larger than 0.10 sec / cm 2 ⁇ mL as the time for 50 mL of the neutralized final solution to pass through a membrane filter having an opening of 0.45 ⁇ m
- the neutralization final solution is provided in the storage tank.
- the switching valve in the flow pipe the flow rate of the neutralized final liquid transferred to the dezincification reaction tank via the transfer pipe is controlled, and a predetermined proportion of the neutralized final liquid is transferred via the circulation pipe.
- it is configured to be returned to the neutralization reaction tank and circulated.
- the high-viscosity neutralized final solution obtained in the neutralization step is the next dezincing step.
- the dezincing process and it is possible to suppress the viscosity of zinc sulfide formed by sulfiding the neutralized final solution.
- the filter cloth can be effectively prevented from being clogged, thereby extending the life of the filter cloth.
- FIG. 1 is a process diagram of a method for hydrometallizing nickel oxide ore.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram of the neutralization processing plant.
- FIG. 3 is a process diagram of the neutralization treatment method.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic configuration diagram of a dezincing treatment plant.
- the neutralization treatment method according to the present invention and the neutralization treatment plant used for the neutralization treatment method neutralize the leachate obtained by leaching the nickel oxide ore in the wet smelting method of nickel oxide ore, It is the neutralization processing method in the neutralization process which obtains a neutralization starch and neutralization final liquid, and its neutralization processing plant.
- this neutralization treatment method and neutralization treatment plant it is possible to improve the filterability when solid-liquid separation of the dezinc sulfide formed in the dezincing step following the neutralization step in the hydrometallurgical method. It is possible to suppress the clogging of the filter cloth used at the time of separation and to improve the service life thereof. Moreover, since clogging of the filter cloth can be suppressed, the number of treatments such as washing of the filter cloth can be greatly reduced, so that efficient smelting operation can be performed, and its industrial value is extremely high.
- the present invention neutralizes the leachate of nickel oxide ore, measures the viscosity of the neutralized final solution obtained by separation from the starch containing the impurity element, and temporarily removes the neutralized final solution.
- the flow rate of the neutralized final solution transferred to the dezincing step is controlled according to the measurement result of the viscosity of the neutralized final solution, A predetermined proportion of the neutralized final solution is repeatedly used for the neutralization reaction.
- the neutralization process in the neutralization step by controlling the flow of the neutralized final solution in this way, it is possible to prevent the neutralized final solution having a high viscosity from being transferred to the next dezincing step. It is possible to improve the filterability in the dezincing step more effectively.
- This nickel oxide ore hydrometallurgical method is a hydrometallurgical method of recovering nickel and cobalt from a nickel oxide ore slurry using, for example, a high-temperature high-pressure leaching method (HPAL method).
- HPAL method high-temperature high-pressure leaching method
- FIG. 1 shows an example of a process diagram of a hydrometallurgical method using high-temperature pressure acid leaching of nickel oxide ore.
- a leaching step S1 in which sulfuric acid is added to a nickel oxide ore slurry and leached under high temperature and high pressure, and the residue is separated while washing the leached slurry in multiple stages.
- a solid-liquid separation step S2 for obtaining a leachate containing impurity elements together with nickel and cobalt, and adjusting the pH of the leachate, separating neutralized starch containing impurity elements and neutralizing final solution containing zinc together with nickel and cobalt
- a neutralization step S3 for obtaining a zinc sulfide by subjecting the neutralized final solution to a sulfurization treatment, and separating the zinc sulfide to obtain a nickel recovery mother liquor containing nickel and cobalt
- nickel recovery step S5 for forming a mixed sulfide containing nickel and cobalt by subjecting the mother liquid for nickel recovery to sulfidation.
- the leaching step S1 for example, sulfuric acid is added to an ore slurry obtained by pulverizing nickel oxide ore as a raw material using a high-temperature and high-pressure leaching method to obtain a leaching slurry. Specifically, for example, using a high-temperature pressurization vessel (autoclave), the ore slurry is agitated by pressurization under a high temperature condition of 220 to 280 ° C. to form a leach slurry comprising a leachate and a leach residue.
- autoclave autoclave
- the nickel oxide ore used in the leaching step S1 is mainly so-called laterite ore such as limonite or saprolite ore.
- Laterite ore usually has a nickel content of 0.8 to 2.5% by weight and is contained as a hydroxide or siliceous clay (magnesium silicate) mineral.
- the iron content is 10 to 50% by weight and is mainly in the form of trivalent hydroxide (goethite), but partly divalent iron is contained in the siliceous clay.
- an oxidized ore containing valuable metals such as nickel, cobalt, manganese, and copper, for example, a manganese nodule that exists in the deep sea bottom is used.
- the leaching step S1 a leaching reaction represented by the following formulas (1) to (5) and a high-temperature thermal hydrolysis reaction occurred, leaching as sulfates such as nickel and cobalt, and leaching. Immobilization of iron sulfate as hematite is performed. However, since the immobilization of iron ions does not proceed completely, the leaching slurry obtained usually contains divalent and trivalent iron ions in addition to nickel, cobalt and the like.
- the amount of sulfuric acid added in the leaching step S1 is not particularly limited, and an excessive amount is used so that iron in the ore is leached. For example, 300 to 400 kg per ton of ore. If the amount of sulfuric acid added per ton of ore exceeds 400 kg, the sulfuric acid cost increases, which is not preferable.
- the pH of the obtained leachate is adjusted to 0.1 to 1.0 from the viewpoint of filterability of the leaching residue containing hematite produced in the next solid-liquid separation step S2. It is preferable to do.
- Solid-liquid separation process In the solid-liquid separation step S2, the leaching slurry formed in the leaching step S1 is washed in multiple stages to obtain a leaching solution containing zinc as an impurity element in addition to nickel and cobalt and a leaching residue.
- solid-liquid separation is performed using a solid-liquid separation apparatus such as a thickener.
- a solid-liquid separation apparatus such as a thickener.
- the slurry is diluted with a cleaning solution, and then the leach residue is concentrated as a thickener sediment.
- the nickel content adhering to the leaching residue can be reduced according to the degree of dilution.
- thickeners with such functions are used in multiple stages to improve the recovery rate.
- the multistage washing method in the solid-liquid separation step S2 is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to use a continuous countercurrent washing method (CCD method: Counter Current Decantation) in which a countercurrent is brought into contact with a nickel-free washing solution. .
- CCD method Counter Current Decantation
- the cleaning liquid newly introduced into the system can be reduced, and the recovery rate of nickel and cobalt can be 95% or more.
- the cleaning liquid is not particularly limited, and a cleaning liquid that does not contain nickel and does not affect the process can be used. Among them, those having a pH of 1 to 3 are preferable. That is, the increase in the pH of the cleaning solution is because when aluminum is contained in the leaching solution, a bulky aluminum hydroxide is generated, which causes poor settling of the leaching residue in the thickener. For this reason, it is preferable to repeatedly use a low pH (pH of about 1 to 3) poor solution obtained in the nickel recovery step S5, which is a subsequent step, as the cleaning solution.
- a neutralizing agent such as calcium carbonate is added to the leachate so that the pH of the obtained neutralization final solution is 4 or less while suppressing oxidation of the separated leachate, A neutralized final solution serving as a mother liquor for nickel recovery and a neutralized starch slurry containing trivalent iron as an impurity element are formed.
- the neutralization treatment of the leachate is performed in this way, so that the excess acid used in the leach step S1 by high-temperature pressure acid leaching is neutralized, and the neutralization end that becomes the mother liquor for nickel recovery is obtained.
- survive in a solution while forming with a liquid are removed as neutralized starch.
- Neutralization treatment plant More specifically, the neutralization processing method performed in neutralization process S3 and the neutralization processing plant which performs the neutralization processing method are demonstrated.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of the neutralization processing plant.
- the neutralization treatment plant 10 includes a neutralization reaction tank 11 that performs a neutralization reaction, a separation treatment tank 12 that separates a neutralized starch and a neutralized final solution, A storage tank 13 for temporarily storing the sum final liquid and a viscosity measuring unit 14 for measuring the viscosity of the neutralized final liquid are provided.
- the neutralization reaction tank 11 the leachate separated in the solid-liquid separation step S2 described above is charged, and a neutralizing agent is added to the leachate to perform a neutralization reaction.
- the separation treatment tank 12 is a solid-liquid separation device such as a thickener.
- the separation treatment tank 12 is charged with and transferred to the slurry after the neutralization reaction formed by the neutralization reaction of the leachate in the neutralization reaction tank 11, and the slurry is used as a final liquid for neutralization as a mother liquid for nickel recovery. And a neutralized starch slurry containing trivalent iron as an impurity element.
- the neutralized final solution obtained by solid-liquid separation overflows and is transferred to the storage tank, while the neutralized starch slurry is withdrawn from the bottom of the separation treatment tank 12.
- the neutralized starch slurry extracted from the bottom of the separation treatment tank 12 can be appropriately returned to the solid-liquid separation step S2.
- the storage tank 13 is configured to be charged with the neutralized final solution separated and transferred in the separation treatment tank 12, and before sending the neutralized final solution to the dezincing step S4 subsequent to the neutralizing step S3. Store temporarily. As will be described in detail later, the storage tank 13 acts as a viscosity adjusting buffer capable of reducing the viscosity of the neutralized final solution obtained by solid-liquid separation in the separation processing tank 12.
- the storage tank 13 is not particularly limited, but preferably has a volume corresponding to a storage amount of 3 hours or more with respect to the flow rate of the neutralized final solution. Thereby, the residence time of the neutralization final solution in the storage tank 13 can be increased, and the neutralization final solution can be retained effectively.
- the storage tank 13 is provided with a flow pipe 15 for sending the stored neutralized final solution to the dezincing step S4 following the neutralization step S3.
- the inflow pipe 15 inflows the neutralized final solution stored in the storage tank 13 by the inflow pump 16.
- This inflow pipe 15 is branched at a predetermined location 17, and a transfer pipe 18 for transferring the neutralized final solution stored in the storage tank 13 to the dezincification reaction tank 31 in the dezincing process in the next step.
- a circulation pipe 19 for repeatedly returning the neutralized final solution to the neutralization reaction tank 11 for circulation.
- a switching valve 20 is provided at the branch point 17 where the transfer pipe 18 and the circulation pipe 19 are connected, and the ratio of the neutralized final liquid transferred via the flow pipe 15 is switched and adjusted. It is possible. A method for feeding the neutralized final solution from the storage tank 13 via the feeding pipe 15 will be described in detail later.
- the circulation pipe 19 connected to the flow pipe 15 is provided with a heat exchanger (not shown). As will be described in detail later, a predetermined ratio of the neutralized final solution circulated in the neutralization reaction tank 11. Can be heated.
- the viscosity measuring unit 14 measures the viscosity of the neutralized final solution separated in the separation treatment tank 12 and transferred to the storage tank 13.
- the viscosity measuring unit 14 is not particularly limited.
- a particle size meter or the like may be provided in a pipe or a flow channel that is overflowing from the separation processing tank 12 and transferred to the storage tank 13.
- a particle size meter, a particle size measuring device, and the like may be provided integrally to measure the viscosity of the neutralized final solution that becomes the supernatant after solid-liquid separation in the separation treatment tank 12.
- the viscosity measuring unit 14 may measure the viscosity of the neutralized final solution temporarily stored in the storage tank 13.
- FIG. 3 shows an example of a process diagram of the neutralization treatment method in the neutralization process S3.
- the neutralization treatment method includes a neutralization reaction step S31 in which the neutralization reaction for the leachate obtained through the solid-liquid separation step S2 is performed in the neutralization reaction vessel 11 and the separation treatment vessel 12.
- Separation step S32 in which a flocculant is added to the slurry after the neutralization reaction to separate the neutralized starch and the neutralized final solution, and the viscosity of the neutralized final solution obtained through the separation step S32 is the viscosity measuring unit 14 Viscosity measurement step S33 measured in step S31, a storage step S34 for temporarily storing the neutralized final solution in the storage tank 13, and a feeding step S35 for feeding the stored neutralized final solution.
- neutralization reaction process S31 in the neutralization reaction tank 11 of the neutralization processing plant 10 mentioned above, a neutralizing agent is added with respect to the leaching solution charged, and neutralization reaction is performed. Specifically, in the neutralization reaction step S31, a neutralizing agent such as calcium carbonate is added to the leachate so that the pH of the resulting neutralized final solution is 4 or less while suppressing oxidation of the leachate, and nickel A neutralized final solution serving as a recovery mother liquor and a neutralized starch slurry containing trivalent iron as an impurity element are formed.
- a neutralizing agent such as calcium carbonate
- the leachate is adjusted so that the pH of the neutralized final solution is 4 or less, preferably 3.0 to 3.5, more preferably 3.1 to 3.2. Adjust by adding a neutralizing agent. When the pH of the neutralized final solution exceeds 4, the generation of nickel hydroxide increases.
- the turbidity of the final neutralization liquid (sulfurization treatment initial liquid) transferred to the dezincification reaction tank 31 in the dezincification process S4 is 100 in the dezincification process S4 following the neutralization process S3. It is preferable to leave a suspension composed of the neutralized starch and the leaching residue obtained in the leaching step S1 in the neutralized final solution so as to be ⁇ 400 NTU.
- the filterability of the dezincized sulfide formed in the next dezincing step S4 is further increased by allowing the suspension to remain and setting the turbidity of the neutralized final solution within the above range. Can be improved.
- the neutralization reaction temperature in the neutralization reaction step S31 is preferably about 50 to 80 ° C.
- the reaction temperature is less than 50 ° C.
- the formed neutralized starch containing trivalent iron ions becomes fine and adversely affects the treatment in the solid-liquid separation step S2 in which the neutralized starch is circulated as necessary.
- the reaction temperature exceeds 80 ° C., the corrosion resistance of the apparatus material constituting the neutralization reaction tank 11 is lowered and the energy cost for heating is increased.
- a flocculant is added to the slurry after the neutralization reaction to separate the neutralized final solution and the neutralized starch.
- an anionic flocculant is used as the flocculant.
- the separated neutralized starch slurry can be repeatedly transferred to the solid-liquid separation step S2 as necessary.
- nickel contained in the neutralized starch slurry can be effectively recovered.
- the neutralized starch adhering water and the neutralized starch surface at the same time as washing of the leach residue. It is possible to promote the dissolution of nickel hydroxide produced by the local reaction and reduce the nickel content that causes recovery loss.
- the operation of repeatedly transferring the separated neutralized starch slurry to the solid-liquid separation step S2 is performed when it is determined that the viscosity of the neutralized final solution is larger than a predetermined value. be able to. Thereby, it is possible to prevent the neutralized final solution having a high viscosity from being transferred to the dezincing treatment plant 30 used in the next dezincing step S4, and filtration in the solid-liquid separation process in the dezincing step S4. Can be improved.
- the viscosity measurement unit 14 of the neutralization treatment plant 10 described above measures the viscosity of the neutralized final solution obtained through the separation step S32.
- the viscosity of the neutralized final solution may be measured, for example, by measuring the viscosity of the supernatant liquid (overflow liquid) of the separation treatment tank 12 as described above.
- this viscosity measurement step may be performed as a step after the storage step described later, and the viscosity of the neutralized final solution temporarily stored in the storage tank 13 may be measured.
- the viscosity measuring method in the viscosity measuring step S33 is not particularly limited as long as it can measure the viscosity of the neutralized final solution that is a fluid, and a known method can be used. Then, it is preferable that the required time is short and the method is simple. Moreover, it is not necessary to calculate the viscosity value of a specific neutralized final solution, and the viscosity may be analyzed by calculating an alternative property of viscosity. Specifically, for example, it is possible to use a method of measuring the time when the neutralized final solution passes through a predetermined filter, and grasping and managing this passage time as an alternative property of viscosity.
- the time (second / cm 2 ⁇ mL) for passing 50 mL of the neutralized final solution (supernatant liquid) through the membrane filter having an aperture of 0.45 ⁇ m is used for viscosity measurement.
- the viscosity of the neutralized final solution measured in the viscosity measurement step S33 is greater than 0.10 sec / cm 2 ⁇ mL. Based on the measurement result of the viscosity, the transfer of the neutralized final solution is controlled. Details will be described later.
- this flow step S35 depending on the result of the viscosity measurement of the neutralized final solution in the viscosity measurement step S33, the flow is transferred via the flow line 15 and the transfer line 18 connected to the flow line 15.
- the flow rate of the sum final liquid is controlled, and a predetermined proportion of the neutralized final liquid is returned to the neutralization reaction tank 11 through a circulation pipe 19 that is branched from the inflow pipe 15 and is circulated.
- the neutralization final solution transferred from the neutralization step S3 is subjected to sulfidation treatment.
- a neutralized final solution having a high viscosity is used, it is formed by sulfidation treatment.
- the filter cloth is clogged and the filtration rate is significantly reduced. Further, the clogging of the filter cloth increases the number of operations such as washing, thereby lowering the operation efficiency and reducing the life of the filter cloth.
- the viscosity of the neutralized final solution obtained through the neutralization treatment in the viscosity measurement step S33 is measured, and it is determined whether or not the measured viscosity is greater than a predetermined value. Specifically, as a criterion for evaluating the viscosity of the neutralized final solution, whether or not the time required for 50 mL of the neutralized final solution to pass through a membrane filter having an opening of 0.45 ⁇ m is greater than 0.10 sec / cm 2 ⁇ mL. Judging.
- the ratio of the flow rate of the neutralized final solution that is controlled in the feeding step S35 is particularly limited. It is not a thing.
- the specific flow rate ratio may be determined in accordance with the viscosity of the neutralized final solution measured in the viscosity measurement step S33, but is passed through the transfer pipe 15 through the transfer pipe 18 and dezinced.
- the flow rate of the neutralized final solution to be transferred to the reaction tank 31 is set to 60 to 80% of the total flow rate, and the neutralized final solution to be circulated by returning to the neutralization reaction tank through the circulation pipe 19 through the flow pipe 15.
- the flow rate is preferably 20 to 40% of the total flow rate.
- the flow rate to be transferred to the dezincification reaction tank 31 is less than 60%, there is a possibility that the operation efficiency of the whole plant is lowered, while on the other hand, when a neutralized final solution having a viscosity exceeding 80% is transferred. There is a possibility that the effect of extending the life of the filter cloth cannot be obtained sufficiently.
- the flow rate of the neutralized final solution to be transferred to the dezincification reaction tank 31 in the next step is controlled, and the neutralization reaction of a predetermined proportion of the neutralized final solution is repeatedly performed.
- the neutralization final liquid obtained from the separation processing tank 12 through the separation step S32 is temporarily stored in the storage tank 13 in the storage step S34.
- the neutralized final solution is not transferred directly to the dezincification reaction tank 31 of the next step, but is temporarily stored in the storage tank 13 so that the neutralized final liquid is retained in the storage tank 13.
- the neutralized final solution that has been returned to the neutralization reaction tank 11 and circulated at a predetermined ratio with high viscosity stays in the storage tank 13, and the neutralized final solution is mixed in proportion to the residence time. So that the viscosity is effectively reduced. That is, the storage tank 13 that stores the neutralized final solution in the storage step S34 functions as a buffer in terms of viscosity.
- the neutralized final solution when a predetermined proportion of the neutralized final solution is returned to the neutralization reaction tank 11 and circulated in the flow feeding step S35, it is preferable to stop the addition of the flocculant in the separation step S32.
- the neutralization obtained through the neutralization reaction step S31 and the separation step S32 by stopping the addition of the flocculant in the separation step S32.
- the final liquid will contain only the flocculant derived from the neutralized final liquid that has been returned. Then, the neutralized final solution with a small amount of the flocculant overflows from the separation processing tank 12 and is transferred to the storage tank 13 and is retained in the storage tank 13. The final solution is effectively mixed, and the viscosity can be reduced more effectively.
- the neutralization final solution is temporarily stored using the storage tank 13 in the storage step S34 and the neutralization final solution is retained in the storage tank 13, Most of the neutralized starch that causes turbidity is deposited at the bottom of the storage tank 13. Therefore, it can prevent that the neutralization starch which is the cause of turbidity is transferred to dezincification process S4, and the above malfunction does not generate
- the addition of the flocculant in the separation step S32 is not stopped, but the flow rate of the neutralized final solution to be circulated. Based on this, the addition amount of the flocculant may be adjusted.
- the total amount of the flocculant contained in the neutralization final solution is “the amount of the flocculant to be newly added + the amount of the flocculant in the neutralized final solution to be circulated”. .
- the amount of the flocculant contained in the circulated neutralized final solution is small, the amount of the flocculant to be newly added is reduced to a half of the normal amount in consideration of the flow rate of the circulated neutralized final solution. Or you may adjust to the quantity etc. which are equivalent to 1/3. Thereby, while the fall of the aggregation effect in separation process S32 can be suppressed, the viscosity of the neutralization final liquid can also be reduced. Such adjustment of the addition amount of the flocculant can be easily performed by calculating the amount of the flocculant contained in the circulating neutralized final solution.
- the neutralized final solution is transferred to the dezincification reaction tank 31 in the flow feeding step S35.
- the flow rate of the neutralized final solution is controlled so that a predetermined proportion of the neutralized final solution is returned to the neutralization reaction tank 11 and circulated. Thereby, the viscosity of the neutralization final liquid which overflows the separation process tank 12 in separation process S32 can be reduced gradually.
- the viscosity measurement of the neutralized final solution stored in the storage tank 13 is continued in the same manner.
- the switching valve 20 provided in the feed pipe 15 is adjusted, and the neutralized final solution stored in the storage tank 13 is transferred to the dezincification reaction tank 31 in the next dezincification step S4.
- the amount of the flocculant added in the separation step S32 is returned to the normal amount.
- the separation processing tank is combined with the operation of circulating the predetermined ratio of the neutralized final liquid back to the neutralization reaction tank 11 as described above.
- the neutralized starch slurry extracted and discharged from the bottom of 12 may be repeated in the solid-liquid separation step S2 which is the previous step of the neutralization step S3.
- the measured viscosity of the neutralized final solution is larger than 0.5 seconds / cm 2 ⁇ mL in the above-described viscosity evaluation standard, the neutralized final solution has an excessively high viscosity.
- the amount of the neutralized starch separated in the separation step S32 in the neutralization step S3 is repeatedly charged in the multistage washing step in the solid-liquid separation step S2. Then, the multi-phase washing step in the solid-liquid separation step S2 is repeatedly charged with the liquid phase component whose viscosity is too high together with the neutralized starch. Since the liquid phase component charged into the solid-liquid separation step S2 together with the neutralized starch is diluted by multi-stage washing, this makes it possible to reduce the viscosity.
- zinc is selected with respect to nickel and cobalt by introducing a neutralized final solution containing zinc together with nickel and cobalt into a pressurized container and blowing hydrogen sulfide gas into the gas phase. Sulfurically produces zinc sulfide and nickel recovery mother liquor.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic configuration diagram showing the configuration of the dezincing treatment plant.
- the dezincification treatment plant 30 includes a dezincification reaction tank 31 for performing a sulfidation reaction by blowing hydrogen sulfide gas into the neutralized final solution, and the generated zinc sulfide and the final sulfurization reaction solution.
- a storage tank 32 for temporarily storing a certain nickel recovery mother liquor and a filter device 33 for separating and removing zinc sulfide are provided.
- the neutralized final solution obtained and transferred in the neutralization step S3 described above is charged, and hydrogen sulfide gas is added to the neutralized final solution to perform a sulfurization reaction.
- hydrogen sulfide gas is added to the neutralized final solution to perform a sulfurization reaction.
- zinc sulfide based on zinc contained in the neutralized final solution is generated by adding hydrogen sulfide gas.
- the final liquid after the sulfidation process in this dezincification reaction tank 31 is a solution which does not contain zinc, and becomes a mother liquid for nickel recovery.
- recovery are transferred to the following storage tank 32 as it is.
- the storage tank 32 is configured to be charged with the zinc sulfide obtained in the dezincification reaction tank 31 and the nickel recovery mother liquor that is the final solution of the sulfurization treatment. In this storage tank 32, these zinc sulfide and the nickel recovery mother liquor are separated and temporarily stored before sending the nickel recovery mother liquor to the nickel recovery step S5 following the dezincification step S4. Further, as will be described in detail later, when the dezincification treatment plant 30 is started up, the neutralized final solution that has been flown without being subjected to sulfidation in the dezincification reaction vessel 31 is stored in the storage tank 32.
- the storage tank 32 is provided with an inflow pipe 34 for inflowing the stored zinc sulfide and the mother liquor for nickel recovery.
- the flow pipe 34 feeds the zinc sulfide and the nickel recovery mother liquor stored in the storage tank 32 to the filter device 33 by the flow pump 35.
- the inflow pipe 34 is branched at a predetermined location 36, and is connected to a transfer pipe 37 for transferring the nickel recovery mother liquor containing zinc sulfide stored in the storage tank 32 to the filter device 33.
- Circulating pipes 38 for repeatedly returning and circulating the neutralized final solution stored in the storage tank 32 to the dezincification reaction tank 31 when the zinc treatment plant 30 is started up are connected to each other.
- a switching valve 39 is provided at a branch point 36 (connection portion) where the transfer pipe 37 and the circulation pipe 38 are connected, and the filter device 33 or the dezincification reaction tank 31 is provided via the flow pipe 34. It is possible to switch and adjust the transfer ratio and transfer timing.
- the flow pipe 34 is provided with a measuring unit 40 capable of measuring the flow rate and / or temperature of the nickel recovery mother liquor containing zinc sulfide to be flown and the neutralized final liquid to be circulated. It has been.
- the filter device 33 is constituted by a filter cloth (filter cloth) or the like having a predetermined mesh, and a nickel recovery mother liquor containing zinc sulfide that has been flown through a transfer pipe 37 via a flow pipe 34. From the zinc sulfide and the mother liquor for nickel recovery.
- the flow volume of the neutralization final solution transferred to the dezincification reaction tank 31 of the said dezincification processing plant 30 according to the viscosity of the obtained neutralization final solution is set. Since it is controlled, the dezincification treatment plant 30 effectively prevents the neutralized final solution having a high viscosity from being transferred. Therefore, in the filter device 33 in the dezincification treatment plant 30, clogging of the filter cloth is reduced, and zinc sulfide can be separated and removed with high filterability. Moreover, in this filter apparatus 33, since the clogging of the filter cloth is reduced, the life of the filter cloth is extended, and the operation efficiency of the hydrometallurgy can be improved.
- the dezincification reaction tank 31 is used for the neutralization final solution.
- the switching valve 39 in the flow pipe 34 provided in the storage tank 32 is adjusted, and the transferred neutralized final solution is returned to the dezincification reaction tank 31 through the circulation pipe 38. And control to circulate.
- the flow volume and / or temperature of the circulating neutralization final liquid are measured in the measurement part 40 with which the inflow piping 34 was equipped, and the flow volume and / or of the neutralization final liquid are measured.
- the temperature rises above the specified value it is subjected to sulfidation treatment in the dezincification reaction tank 31 to form zinc sulfide, and the nickel recovery mother liquor (zinc removal final solution) containing the zinc sulfide is switched.
- the valve 39 is adjusted so as to be transferred to the filter device 33 via the transfer pipe 37.
- the reference predetermined value of the flow rate of the circulation neutralization final solution measured by the measurement unit 40 is not particularly limited, and is a flow rate that can effectively advance the sulfurization reaction in the dezincification reaction tank 31.
- it can be a flow rate value during normal operation.
- the reference predetermined value of the temperature of the circulating neutralized final solution measured by the measuring unit 40 is not particularly limited, and is the temperature at which the sulfurization reaction in the dezincification reaction tank 31 can effectively proceed? It can be based on whether or not, for example, about 50 ° C.
- the neutralized final solution is controlled to circulate, and the flow rate and temperature of the neutralized final solution are, for example, about the flow rate during normal operation or about 50 ° C. Judge whether the temperature is over or not. Then, after confirming that the flow rate and temperature are equal to or higher than the predetermined value, the neutralization final solution is subjected to sulfiding treatment, and the nickel recovery mother liquor containing zinc sulfide is transferred to the filter device 33. To do.
- the flow rate and temperature of the neutralized final solution that is process water can be stabilized,
- the stabilized neutralized final solution can be sulfurized in the dezincification reaction tank 31 and transferred to the filter device 33.
- the startup process which conventionally required about one day before normal operation, can be performed more efficiently and quickly, and can be stabilized to a normal operation level in a short time. Efficiency can be increased.
- the neutralization final solution in the neutralization treatment plant 10 used in the neutralization step S3 is combined with the above-described control by the circulation of the neutralization final solution in the dezincification treatment plant 30. It is more preferable to control the flow rate.
- the switching valve 20 provided in the flow pipe 15 of the neutralization processing plant 10 is adjusted at the start of the start-up. Then, the neutralized final solution is controlled to be returned to the neutralization reaction tank 11 and circulated. That is, the neutralized final solution is circulated in the neutralization treatment plant 10 without being transferred to the dezincification treatment plant 30.
- the switching valve 20 When the flow rate and / or temperature of the neutralized final solution measured by the measuring unit 40 provided in the flow pipe 34 of the dezincing treatment plant 30 described above becomes equal to or higher than a predetermined value, the switching valve 20 Then, the neutralized final solution is transferred to the dezincification reaction tank 31 via the transfer pipe 18.
- the operation of the plant is stabilized in a shorter time after start-up. Can be made. Thereby, the sulfidation process in the dezincification processing plant 30 comes to proceed effectively, and the zinc concentration in the mother liquor for nickel recovery can be more effectively reduced.
- the temperature of the neutralization final solution in the neutralization treatment plant 10 is increased by circulating the neutralization final solution to be circulated in the neutralization treatment plant 10 while heating, thereby dezincification reaction.
- the neutralized final solution transferred to the tank 31 can be heated more efficiently. This also makes it possible to stabilize the operation in a shorter time and to effectively reduce the zinc concentration in the mother liquor for nickel recovery.
- Nickel recovery process In the nickel recovery step S5, hydrogen sulfide gas is blown into the mother liquor for nickel recovery obtained by separating and removing the impurity element zinc as zinc sulfide in the dezincification step S4 to cause a sulfurization reaction. Contains sulfide (nickel / cobalt mixed sulfide) and poor liquid.
- the nickel recovery mother liquor is a sulfuric acid solution in which impurity components are reduced from the leachate of nickel oxide ore through the neutralization step S3 and the dezincification step S4.
- the pH is 3.2 to 4.0 and the nickel concentration is 2 to 5 g / L, and the cobalt concentration is 0.1 to 1.0 g / L.
- the nickel recovery mother liquor may contain several g / L of iron, magnesium, manganese, etc. as impurity components. These impurity components are sulfides with respect to nickel and cobalt to be recovered. As a result, the resulting sulfide is not contained.
- the nickel recovery step S5 a nickel / cobalt mixed sulfide with a small amount of impurity components and a poor liquid in which the nickel concentration is stabilized at a low level are generated and recovered.
- the nickel / cobalt mixed sulfide slurry obtained by the sulfidation reaction is subjected to a sedimentation treatment using a sedimentation separator such as a thickener, so that the nickel / cobalt mixed sulfide as a precipitate is removed at the bottom of the thickener. More separated and recovered.
- the aqueous solution component overflows and is recovered as a poor solution.
- the poor solution contains impurity elements such as iron, magnesium, and manganese that are contained without being sulfided.
- Example 1 In the neutralization process, the neutralization process was performed with respect to the leaching liquid obtained by leaching the ore slurry of nickel oxide ore using the high temperature / high pressure leaching method.
- calcium carbonate which is a neutralizing agent, is added to the leachate to adjust the pH to 3.3 to cause a neutralization reaction, and a flocculant is added to the slurry after the neutralization reaction,
- the Japanese starch and the neutralized final solution were separated using a thickener.
- the amount of the suspension composed of the neutralized starch in the filtrate and the leaching residue obtained from the leaching step is added according to the method described in Patent Document 3, and the flocculant is added.
- a neutralized final solution (sulfurization reaction initial solution) having a turbidity adjusted to 112 NTU was obtained.
- the viscosity of the resulting neutralized final solution was measured by measuring the viscosity of the thickener supernatant every 60 minutes.
- the viscosity measurement method was based on the time required for 50 cc of the supernatant liquid to pass through a membrane filter (17 cm 2 ) having an aperture of 0.45 ⁇ m.
- the flow rate of the obtained neutralized final solution was set to 360 to 450 m 3 / hr, and the operation of transferring to the dezincification reaction tank (sulfurization reaction tank) in the next dezincification process was performed.
- the viscosity of the neutralized final solution In the measurement of the viscosity of the neutralized final solution, if the viscosity of the neutralized final solution is greater than 0.10 sec / cm 2 ⁇ mL, the viscosity of the neutralized final solution is judged to be abnormal (over) and stored in the neutralization processing plant. Adjust the switching valve in the flow pipe provided in the tank, and set the flow rate of the neutralized final solution transferred to the dezincification reaction tank in the dezincification process following the neutralization process to 70% and return it to the neutralization reaction tank The operation for one year was carried out by setting the flow rate of the neutralized final solution to be 30%.
- the gas for sulfiding is placed in the gas phase part in the dezincification reaction tank so as to maintain the vessel pressure at 0.02 MPa. Insertion was made to produce zinc sulfide, which was then separated by filter press.
- the neutralization final solution was continuously inserted into the dezincification reaction tank, and the reaction was conducted while stirring while maintaining the liquid temperature at 55 ° C. Thereafter, the filterability of the zinc sulfide obtained in the dezincing step was evaluated.
- Example 1 As a result, as the filterability of zinc sulfide, the filtration rate exceeded 23 m 3 / m 2 ⁇ h, indicating very good filterability. Further, in the operation of Example 1, when the frequency of cleaning operation of the filter cloth constituting the filter press used for the solid-liquid separation in the dezincing step and the life of the filter cloth were investigated, the frequency of cleaning operation occurrence was once / 2. The average life of the filter cloth was 4 months.
- Example 1 the operation of Example 1 mentioned above is performed, the viscosity of the neutralization final solution transferred to the dezincification reaction tank in the dezincing step is set to 50 cc of the neutralization final solution by using a membrane filter (17 cm 2 ) having an opening of 0.45 ⁇ m. There was measured on the basis of the time through a 0.008 sec / cm 2 ⁇ mL, effectively viscosity was reduced.
- Example 2 In Example 2, a neutralization reaction was caused by adding calcium carbonate in the neutralization step to adjust the pH to 3.2, and a neutralization final solution (sulfurization reaction start solution) by adjusting the addition amount of the flocculant. The operation for 1 year was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the turbidity of was adjusted to 232 NTU.
- the filterability of zinc sulfide was 18-23 m 3 / m 2 ⁇ h, indicating good filterability.
- Example 3 In Example 2, the operation for one year was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the turbidity of the neutralized final solution (sulfurization reaction initial solution) was adjusted to 354 NTU by adjusting the amount of flocculant added. did.
- the filterability of zinc sulfide was 18-23 m 3 / m 2 ⁇ h, indicating good filterability.
- Comparative Example 1 In Comparative Example 1, the measurement of the viscosity of the neutralized final solution was not performed, and the same procedure as in Example 1 was performed except that the entire amount of the obtained neutralized final solution was directly transferred to the dezincification reaction tank in the dezincing step. For one year.
- the filterability of zinc sulfide was 10-18 m 3 / m 2 ⁇ h as the filtration rate, and although the filterability could be improved effectively, compared with the operations in Examples 1 to 3 above. Declined.
- Comparative Example 1 the frequency of cleaning work and the life of the filter cloth constituting the filter press used in the solid-liquid separation in the dezincing process were investigated. / 3 days had to be washed frequently, and the filter cloth had to be replaced on average once a month.
- Comparative Example 1 the operation of Comparative Example 1 described above was performed, and the viscosity of the neutralized final solution transferred to the dezincification reaction tank in the dezincing step was set to 50 cc using a membrane filter (17 cm 2 ) having an opening of 0.45 ⁇ m. It was 0.163 seconds / cm 2 ⁇ mL when measured based on the time required for passing through, and it was confirmed that the neutralized final solution having a high viscosity was transferred.
- Comparative Example 2 In Comparative Example 2, the viscosity of the neutralized final solution was not measured, and the total amount of the obtained neutralized final solution was directly transferred to the dezincification reaction tank in the dezincing step. Moreover, it did not follow the method of patent document 3, but it neutralized by adjusting to pH2.9 in the neutralization process. Otherwise, the operation was carried out for one year in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the filterability of zinc sulfide As a result, as the filterability of zinc sulfide, the filtration rate was less than 10 m 3 / m 2 ⁇ h, and the filterability was extremely poor. Further, after the filter cloth constituting the filter press was changed, clogging of the strength occurred on the first day of operation. Furthermore, there was almost no cleaning effect on the filter cloth, and the filter cloth reached the end of its life in one day and was forced to be replaced.
- Comparative Example 3 Comparative Example 3, the viscosity of the neutralized final solution was not measured, and the entire amount of the obtained neutralized final solution was directly transferred to the dezincification reaction tank in the dezincing step. Further, the method described in Patent Document 3 was not followed, and no nickel leaching residue was added. Otherwise, the operation was carried out for one year in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the filterability of zinc sulfide As a result, as the filterability of zinc sulfide, the filtration rate was less than 10 m 3 / m 2 ⁇ h, and the filterability was extremely poor. Further, after the filter cloth constituting the filter press was changed, clogging of the strength occurred on the first day of operation. Furthermore, there was almost no cleaning effect on the filter cloth, and the filter cloth reached the end of its life in one day and was forced to be replaced.
- Comparative Example 4 Comparative Example 4, the viscosity of the neutralized final solution was not measured, and the entire amount of the obtained neutralized final solution was directly transferred to the dezincification reaction tank in the dezincing step. Further, the turbidity of the neutralized final solution was adjusted to 521 NTU without following the method described in Patent Document 3. Otherwise, the operation was carried out for one year in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the filterability of zinc sulfide As a result, as the filterability of zinc sulfide, the filtration rate was less than 10 m 3 / m 2 ⁇ h, and the filterability was extremely poor. Further, after the filter cloth constituting the filter press was changed, clogging of the strength occurred on the first day of operation. Furthermore, there was almost no cleaning effect on the filter cloth, and the filter cloth reached the end of its life in one day and was forced to be replaced.
- Table 1 summarizes the results of the examples and comparative examples.
- the case where the filtration rate exceeds 23 m 3 / m 2 ⁇ h is indicated as “ ⁇ ”, and the case where the filtration rate is 18 to 23 m 3 / m 2 ⁇ h.
- Table 2 summarizes the frequency of filter cloth cleaning work occurrence in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, and the results of investigation on the life of the filter cloth.
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、日本国において2012年3月6日に出願された日本特許出願番号特願2012-049514を基礎として優先権を主張するものであり、これらの出願を参照することにより、本出願に援用される。
1.本発明の概要
2.ニッケル酸化鉱石の湿式製錬方法について
3.湿式製錬方法の各工程について
3-1.浸出工程
3-2.固液分離工程
3-3.中和工程
3-3-1.中和処理プラント
3-3-2.中和処理方法
3-3-3.中和終液の流量制御
3-4.脱亜鉛工程
3-4-1.脱亜鉛処理プラント
3-4-2.脱亜鉛処理プラントの操業方法
3-5.ニッケル回収工程(ニッケル・コバルト混合硫化物形成工程)
4.実施例
本発明に係る中和処理方法及びその中和処理方法に用いられる中和処理プラントは、ニッケル酸化鉱石の湿式製錬方法において、ニッケル酸化鉱石を浸出して得られた浸出液を中和して、中和澱物と中和終液とを得る中和工程における中和処理方法及びその中和処理プラントである。
先ず、本実施の形態に係る中和処理方法及び中和処理プラントの説明に先立ち、その中和処理方法が実行される中和工程を有するニッケル酸化鉱石の湿式製錬方法について説明する。このニッケル酸化鉱石の湿式製錬方法は、ニッケル酸化鉱石のスラリーから、例えば高温高圧浸出法(HPAL法)を用いて、ニッケル及びコバルトを回収する湿式製錬方法である。
<3-1.浸出工程>
浸出工程S1では、例えば高温高圧浸出法を用いて原料となるニッケル酸化鉱石を粉砕等して得られた鉱石スラリーに硫酸を添加して浸出スラリーを得る。具体的には、例えば高温加圧容器(オートクレーブ)を用い、220~280℃の高い温度条件下で加圧することによって鉱石スラリーを攪拌処理し、浸出液と浸出残渣とからなる浸出スラリーを形成する。
MO+H2SO4 ⇒ MSO4+H2O ・・・(1)
(なお、式中Mは、Ni、Co、Fe、Zn、Cu、Mg、Cr、Mn等を表す。)
2Fe(OH)3+3H2SO4 ⇒ Fe2(SO4)3+6H2O
・・・(2)
FeO+H2SO4 ⇒ FeSO4+H2O ・・・(3)
・高温熱加水分解反応
2FeSO4+H2SO4+1/2O2 ⇒ Fe2(SO4)3+H2O
・・・(4)
Fe2(SO4)3+3H2O⇒ Fe2O3+3H2SO4 ・・・(5)
固液分離工程S2では、浸出工程S1で形成される浸出スラリーを多段洗浄して、ニッケル及びコバルトのほか不純物元素として亜鉛を含む浸出液と浸出残渣とを得る。
中和工程S3では、固液分離工程S2にて分離された浸出液のpHを調整し、不純物元素を含む中和澱物を分離して、ニッケル及びコバルトと共に亜鉛を含む中和終液を得る。
より具体的に、中和工程S3において行われる中和処理方法及びその中和処理方法を実行する中和処理プラントについて説明する。
次に、このような構成を有する中和処理プラント10を用いて行う、中和工程S3における中和処理方法について説明する。
中和反応工程S31では、上述した中和処理プラント10の中和反応槽11において、装入された浸出液に対して中和剤を添加して中和反応を行う。具体的に、中和反応工程S31では、浸出液の酸化を抑制しながら、得られる中和終液のpHが4以下となるようにその浸出液に炭酸カルシウム等の中和剤を添加して、ニッケル回収用の母液となる中和終液と不純物元素として3価の鉄を含む中和澱物スラリーとを形成する。
分離工程S32では、上述した中和処理プラント10の分離処理槽12において、中和反応工程S31を経て得られた中和反応後のスラリーから、ニッケル回収用の母液となる中和終液と不純物元素を含む中和澱物とを分離する。
粘度測定工程S33では、上述した中和処理プラント10の粘度測定部14において、分離工程S32を経て得られた中和終液の粘度を測定する。中和終液の粘度測定は、上述したように、例えば分離処理槽12の上澄み液(オーバーフロー液)の粘度を測定するようにすればよい。なお、他の実施態様として、この粘度測定工程を、後述する貯留工程の後工程として、貯留槽13により一時的に貯留された中和終液の粘度を測定するようにしてもよい。
貯留工程S34では、上述した中和処理プラント10の貯留槽13において、分離工程S32にて分離されて得られ、粘度測定工程S33にて粘度測定された中和終液を一時的に貯留する。
流送工程S35では、貯留工程S34にて貯留槽13に貯留した中和終液を流送する。この流送工程S35では、主として、貯留槽13に貯留した中和終液を当該中和工程S3に続く脱亜鉛工程S4における脱亜鉛反応槽31に移送する。脱亜鉛反応槽31への中和終液の移送は、具体的に貯留槽13に設けられた流送配管15を介し、さらに流送配管15に連結された移送配管18を通過させて行う。
ここで、従来、当該中和工程S3においては、浸出液を中和させて得られたスラリーを中和終液と中和澱物とに固液分離するに際して、スラリー中に凝集剤を添加するようにしている。これにより、SS量を低減させるとともに中和終液と中和澱物とを効果的に分離させることが可能となる。
脱亜鉛工程S4では、中和工程S3から得られた中和終液に硫化処理ガスを添加して硫化処理を施すことにより亜鉛硫化物を形成し、その亜鉛硫化物を分離してニッケル及びコバルトを含むニッケル回収用母液(脱亜鉛終液)を得る。
ここで、脱亜鉛工程S4において用いられる脱亜鉛処理プラントについて説明する。図4は、脱亜鉛処理プラントの構成を示す概略構成図である。この図4に示すように、脱亜鉛処理プラント30は、中和終液に対し硫化水素ガスを吹き込んで硫化反応を行う脱亜鉛反応槽31と、生成した亜鉛の硫化物と硫化反応終液であるニッケル回収用母液とを一時的に貯留する貯留槽32と、亜鉛硫化物を分離除去するフィルター装置33とを備えている。
ところで、上述した脱亜鉛処理プラント30を含め湿式製錬の操業に用いられるプラントでは、定期的な設備点検が行われる。その定期点検では、反応槽や貯留槽等の工程水を溜めるタンク全般や、配管やフィルター等の底部に滞留したスラッジの除去や清掃、破損部品の交換等を実施する。したがって、定期点検時には、少なくとも点検対象の設備から、中和終液や脱亜鉛終液等の工程水が全て抜き出されて空の状態にされる。そのため、定期点検が終了した後のプラント立ち上げ時には、設備や工程水の温度は、ほぼ気温程度(例えば30℃程度)まで低下している。また、その工程水の流量も非常の少なくなっている。
ニッケル回収工程S5では、脱亜鉛工程S4にて不純物元素である亜鉛を亜鉛硫化物として分離除去して得られたニッケル回収用母液に硫化水素ガスを吹き込んで硫化反応を生じさせ、ニッケル及びコバルトを含む硫化物(ニッケル・コバルト混合硫化物)と貧液とを生成する。
以下に、本発明についての実施例を説明するが、本発明は下記の実施例に限定されるものではない。
ニッケル酸化鉱石の鉱石スラリーを高温高圧浸出法を用いて浸出して得られた浸出液に対して、中和工程において中和処理を行った。中和工程では、浸出液に対して中和剤である炭酸カルシウムを添加しpH3.3に調整して中和反応を生じさせ、中和反応後のスラリーに凝集剤を添加して、生成した中和澱物と中和終液とをシックナーを用いて分離した。
実施例2では、中和工程において炭酸カルシウムを添加しpH3.2に調整して中和反応を生じさせたとともに、凝集剤の添加量を調節することにより中和終液(硫化反応始液)の濁度を232NTUに調整したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして1年間の操業を実施した。
実施例2では、凝集剤の添加量を調節することにより中和終液(硫化反応始液)の濁度を354NTUに調整したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして1年間の操業を実施した。
比較例1では、中和終液の粘度測定を行わず、また得られた中和終液の全量を直接脱亜鉛工程における脱亜鉛反応槽に移送させたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして1年間の操業を行った。
比較例2では、中和終液の粘度測定を行わず、また得られた中和終液の全量を直接脱亜鉛工程における脱亜鉛反応槽に移送させた。また、特許文献3に記載の方法に従わず、中和工程においてpH2.9に調整して中和反応を行った。それ以外は、実施例1と同様にして1年間の操業を行った。
比較例3では、中和終液の粘度測定を行わず、また得られた中和終液の全量を直接脱亜鉛工程における脱亜鉛反応槽に移送させた。また、特許文献3に記載の方法に従わず、ニッケル浸出残渣を添加しなかった。それ以外は、実施例1と同様にして1年間の操業を行った。
比較例4では、中和終液の粘度測定を行わず、また得られた中和終液の全量を直接脱亜鉛工程における脱亜鉛反応槽に移送させた。また、特許文献3に記載の方法に従わず、中和終液の濁度を521NTUに調整した。それ以外は、実施例1と同様にして1年間の操業を行った。
Claims (7)
- ニッケル酸化鉱石の湿式製錬方法において、該ニッケル酸化鉱石を浸出して得られた浸出液を中和し、不純物を含む中和澱物とニッケル及びコバルトと共に亜鉛を含む中和終液とを得る中和工程における中和処理方法であって、
中和反応槽にて上記浸出液に対する中和反応を行う中和反応工程と、
上記中和反応後のスラリーに凝集剤を添加して、中和澱物と中和終液とに分離する分離工程と、
上記分離工程を経て得られた中和終液の粘度を測定する粘度測定工程と、
上記中和終液を貯留槽にて一時的に貯留する貯留工程と、
貯留された上記中和終液を、上記中和工程に続く脱亜鉛工程における脱亜鉛反応槽に移送する流送工程とを有し、
上記流送工程では、上記粘度測定工程にて測定された中和終液の粘度が、目開き0.45μmのメンブレンフィルターを該中和終液50mLが通過する時間として0.10秒/cm2・mLより大きい場合に、上記脱亜鉛反応槽に移送する中和終液の流量を制御し、所定の割合の該中和終液を上記中和反応槽に戻し入れて循環させることを特徴とする中和処理方法。 - 上記流送工程において所定の割合の上記中和終液を中和反応槽に戻し入れて循環させる場合には、上記分離工程における上記凝集剤の添加を停止することを特徴とする請求項1記載の中和処理方法。
- 上記流送工程では、上記粘度測定工程にて測定された中和終液の粘度が所定値より大きい場合に、上記脱亜鉛工程における脱亜鉛反応槽に移送する中和終液の流量を全流量の60~80%とし、上記中和反応槽に戻し入れて循環させる中和終液の流量を全流量の20~40%とすることを特徴とする請求項1記載の中和処理方法。
- 上記貯留槽は、上記中和終液の流量に対して3時間以上の貯留量に相当する容積を有することを特徴とする請求項1記載の中和処理方法。
- 上記ニッケル酸化鉱石の湿式製錬方法は、
上記ニッケル酸化鉱石のスラリーに硫酸を添加して高温高圧下で浸出する浸出工程と、
浸出スラリーを多段洗浄しながら残渣を分離して、ニッケル及びコバルトと共に不純物元素を含む浸出液を得る固液分離工程と、
上記浸出液のpHを調整し、不純物元素を含む中和澱物を分離して、ニッケル及びコバルトと共に亜鉛を含む中和終液を得る中和工程と、
上記中和終液に対し硫化処理を施すことにより亜鉛硫化物を形成し、該亜鉛硫化物を分離して、ニッケル及びコバルトを含むニッケル回収用母液を得る脱亜鉛工程と、
上記ニッケル回収用母液に対し硫化処理を施すことによりニッケル及びコバルトを含む混合硫化物を形成するニッケル回収工程と
を有することを特徴とする請求項1記載の中和処理方法。 - 上記中和工程において分離された上記中和澱物を、上記固液分離工程における多段洗浄処理に繰り返し装入することを特徴とする請求項5記載の中和処理方法。
- ニッケル酸化鉱石の湿式製錬方法において、該ニッケル酸化鉱石を浸出して得られた浸出液を中和し、不純物を含む中和澱物とニッケル及びコバルトと共に亜鉛を含む中和終液とを得る中和工程における中和処理に用いられる中和処理プラントであって、
上記浸出液に対して中和剤を添加して中和反応を行う中和反応槽と、
上記中和反応後のスラリーに凝集剤を添加し、中和澱物と中和終液とに分離する分離処理槽と、
上記分離処理槽から移送された中和終液を一時的に貯留する貯留槽と、
上記貯留槽に貯留される中和終液の粘度を測定する粘度測定部と
を備え、
上記貯留槽には、切替バルブを備えた所定箇所で分岐して該分岐箇所において上記中和終液を上記中和工程の次工程において用いられる脱亜鉛反応槽に移送する移送配管と該中和終液を上記中和反応槽に戻し入れて循環させる循環配管とが連結された流送配管が設けられており、
上記粘度測定部にて測定された中和終液の粘度が、目開き0.45μmのメンブレンフィルターを該中和終液50mLが通過する時間として0.10秒/cm2・mLより大きい場合に、上記貯留槽に設けられた上記流送配管内の切替バルブの調整により、上記移送配管を介して上記脱亜鉛反応槽に移送する中和終液の流量が制御され、所定の割合の中和終液が上記循環配管を介して上記中和反応槽に戻し入れられ循環されるように構成されていることを特徴とする中和処理プラント。
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