WO2013125720A1 - 放射線遮断シート - Google Patents
放射線遮断シート Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013125720A1 WO2013125720A1 PCT/JP2013/054707 JP2013054707W WO2013125720A1 WO 2013125720 A1 WO2013125720 A1 WO 2013125720A1 JP 2013054707 W JP2013054707 W JP 2013054707W WO 2013125720 A1 WO2013125720 A1 WO 2013125720A1
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- Prior art keywords
- radiation shielding
- radiation
- shielding sheet
- fiber
- fibers
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F1/00—Shielding characterised by the composition of the materials
- G21F1/02—Selection of uniform shielding materials
- G21F1/08—Metals; Alloys; Cermets, i.e. sintered mixtures of ceramics and metals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A41—WEARING APPAREL
- A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
- A41D13/00—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches
- A41D13/04—Aprons; Fastening devices for aprons
- A41D13/043—Aprons resistant to mechanical aggressions, e.g. butcher's aprons
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A41—WEARING APPAREL
- A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
- A41D31/00—Materials specially adapted for outerwear
- A41D31/04—Materials specially adapted for outerwear characterised by special function or use
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H3/015—Natural yarns or filaments
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
- D04H3/10—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between yarns or filaments made mechanically
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
- D04H3/14—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between thermoplastic yarns or filaments produced by welding
- D04H3/153—Mixed yarns or filaments
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/83—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with metals; with metal-generating compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls; Reduction of metal compounds on textiles
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H11/00—Pulp or paper, comprising cellulose or lignocellulose fibres of natural origin only
- D21H11/02—Chemical or chemomechanical or chemothermomechanical pulp
- D21H11/04—Kraft or sulfate pulp
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/63—Inorganic compounds
- D21H17/67—Water-insoluble compounds, e.g. fillers, pigments
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
- D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
- D21H21/18—Reinforcing agents
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
- D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
- D21H21/18—Reinforcing agents
- D21H21/20—Wet strength agents
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F1/00—Shielding characterised by the composition of the materials
- G21F1/02—Selection of uniform shielding materials
- G21F1/10—Organic substances; Dispersions in organic carriers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F1/00—Shielding characterised by the composition of the materials
- G21F1/02—Selection of uniform shielding materials
- G21F1/10—Organic substances; Dispersions in organic carriers
- G21F1/103—Dispersions in organic carriers
- G21F1/106—Dispersions in organic carriers metallic dispersions
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F1/00—Shielding characterised by the composition of the materials
- G21F1/12—Laminated shielding materials
- G21F1/125—Laminated shielding materials comprising metals
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F3/00—Shielding characterised by its physical form, e.g. granules, or shape of the material
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F3/00—Shielding characterised by its physical form, e.g. granules, or shape of the material
- G21F3/02—Clothing
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
- D06M2101/02—Natural fibres, other than mineral fibres
- D06M2101/04—Vegetal fibres
- D06M2101/06—Vegetal fibres cellulosic
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M2200/00—Functionality of the treatment composition and/or properties imparted to the textile material
- D06M2200/25—Resistance to light or sun, i.e. protection of the textile itself as well as UV shielding materials or treatment compositions therefor; Anti-yellowing treatments
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2501/00—Wearing apparel
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a radiation shielding sheet, and more particularly to a radiation shielding sheet excellent in bendability and workability.
- radiation shielding materials for suppressing radiation exposure are sometimes used for equipment, clothes, structures, moving bodies, etc. used in the medical field, nuclear field, outer space, and the like (for example, Patent Document 1). ).
- protective clothing such as an apron or a skirt using a radiation shielding material is used in order to suppress radiation exposure of doctors engaged in X-ray imaging or the like.
- ⁇ Lead is often used as a radiation shielding material. Also in the above-mentioned protective clothing, the protective clothing in which the thin plate of lead is arrange
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide a radiation shielding sheet excellent in workability and handleability.
- the radiation shielding sheet in one embodiment of the present invention is formed by integrating fibers and granular radiation shielding material into a sheet shape.
- the content of the radiation blocking material is preferably 0.25 or more by weight with respect to the fiber 1.
- the radiation shielding material preferably has an average particle size of 1 micrometer or more and 100 micrometers or less.
- the radiation blocking material is preferably a metal and an oxide or metal salt thereof.
- the metal preferably contains at least one of barium, iron, and tungsten.
- the radiation shielding sheet according to one embodiment of the present invention is excellent in workability and handleability, and thus can be suitably used in a wide range of applications, and radiation exposure can be suitably suppressed.
- FIG. 4A is a photograph taken by irradiating the radiation shielding sheet with X-rays.
- FIG. 4B is a photograph taken by irradiating the same radiation shielding sheet with X-rays.
- FIG. 4C is a photograph taken by irradiating the radiation shielding sheet with X-rays.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a radiation shielding sheet 1 of the present embodiment.
- the radiation shielding sheet 1 includes a fiber 10 and a granular radiation shielding material 20, and the fiber 10 and the radiation shielding material 20 are integrally formed in a sheet shape.
- the fibers 10 include mechanical pulps such as groundwood pulp (GP), pressure-rise groundwood pulp (PGW), and thermomechanical pulp (TMP), high yield non-bleached kraft pulp (HNKP; N material), and softwood.
- Chemical pulp such as bleached kraft pulp (NBKP; N material, NB material), hardwood unbleached kraft pulp (LUKP; L material), hardwood bleached kraft pulp (LBKP, L material), deinking pulp (DIP), waste pulp ( Waste paper pulp such as WP) and wood pulp such as semi-chemical pulp (CP) can be used.
- pulp-like fibers such as cotton, straw, bamboo, esparto, bagasse, linter, manila hemp, flax, hemp, jute, and husk can be used, and one or more of these fibers can be used.
- pulp-like fibers such as cotton, straw, bamboo, esparto, bagasse, linter, manila hemp, flax, hemp, jute, and husk
- linter manila hemp
- flax hemp
- hemp jute
- husk can be appropriately selected and used.
- softwood bleached kraft pulp (NBKP; N material, NB material) is preferable because of its long fiber length and strong sheet strength.
- auxiliary fibers include rayon, acetate, triacetate, nylon 6, nylon 66, vinylon, vinylidene, polyvinyl chloride, polyester, acrylic, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyurethane, aramid, polyvinyl alcohol, and the like.
- These organic polymer fibers, glass fibers, carbon fibers, activated carbon fibers, alumina fibers, rock wool fibers, and other inorganic fibers, stainless steel, and other metal fibers can be appropriately selected and used alone or in combination.
- the radiation shielding sheet 1 when it is desired to improve the strength and water resistance of the radiation shielding sheet 1, it is preferable to use organic polymer fibers that exhibit a heat-sealing function at 90 to 250 ° C.
- the heat fusion means an adhesion function by melting or softening.
- the organic polymer fiber used in this case is, for example, an organic polymer fiber having a two-layer structure of core / sheath, which is PP (polypropylene) / PP, PP / PE (polyethylene), PET (polyethylene terephthalate) / Examples thereof include a core-sheath structure having a structure such as a composite fiber such as low-melting point PET, a low-melting point PET fiber, or a PP fiber, or a single-component heat-sealing fiber.
- the fineness of the auxiliary fiber used by mixing with the main fiber is preferably 0.5 to 20 dtex, and more preferably 1 to 5 dtex.
- the fiber length of the auxiliary fiber is preferably about 1 to 15 mm, more preferably about 3 to 7 mm. If the fiber is too short, the strength is insufficient, and if it is too long, papermaking (scrubbing) becomes difficult.
- the mixing amount of the auxiliary fiber is preferably 1 to 50 weight percent (wt%) with respect to the main fiber, and more preferably about 3 to 30 wt%. If the amount of auxiliary fiber is too small, the strength will be insufficient. On the other hand, if the amount of the auxiliary fiber is too large, the sheet becomes rigid and hard, and the bendability and workability are impaired.
- the radiation shielding material 20 one or a mixture of two or more granular compounds composed of barium, iron, tungsten and oxides or metal salts thereof can be used.
- barium barium sulfate is particularly preferable because it is chemically stable and high in safety.
- a heavy metal having a specific gravity of 5 or more and a compound of a heavy metal having a specific gravity of 5 or more can be used alone or in combination.
- the diameter of the granular radiation shielding material is preferably 1 micrometer ( ⁇ m) to 100 ⁇ m, more preferably 1 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m.
- the diameter of the granular radiation shielding material is less than 1 ⁇ m, the paper making wire is pulled out during paper making, and the yield is greatly reduced. Therefore, it is difficult to contain the target amount of radiation shielding material in the radiation shielding sheet.
- the diameter of the granular radiation shielding material exceeds 100 ⁇ m, the cohesiveness is lowered, and the fibers 10 cannot hold the radiation shielding material 20 with sufficient strength. Therefore, after drying, the radiation shielding material falls off from the radiation shielding sheet. There is a risk.
- the production method of the radiation shielding sheet of the present invention is not particularly limited.
- the fiber 10 and the radiation shielding material 20 described above are blended at a predetermined ratio using a wet papermaking method or a dry papermaking method.
- the radiation shielding sheet 1 can be manufactured by configuring it as an integral sheet.
- the blended material is dispersed in water to prepare a slurry, and the resulting slurry is made with a wet papermaking machine (papermaking process).
- the fibers 10 as the main fibers are preferably beaten in advance.
- the beating can be appropriately performed by a beating machine such as a single disc refiner (SDR), a double disc refiner (DDR), or a beater.
- the beating degree is preferably about 750 CSF to 100 CSF, more preferably about 500 CSF to 150 CSF, according to Canadian standard freeness (CSF: JISP 8121).
- a flocculant can be appropriately used.
- the flocculant is not particularly limited, and various anionic flocculants, nonionic flocculants, cationic flocculants, or amphoteric flocculants can be used.
- polyacrylamide-based cationic resin, nonionic resin, anionic resin and amphoteric resin polyethyleneimine and derivative of polyethyleneimine, polyethylene oxide, polyamine, polyamide, polyamidepolyamine and derivative of polyamidepolyamine, cationic starch And amphoteric starch, oxidized starch, carboxymethylated starch, vegetable gum, polyvinyl alcohol, urea formalin resin, melamine formalin resin, organic polymer compounds such as hydrophilic polymer particles, and sulfate band, alumina sol, basic aluminum sulfate, basic Aluminum compounds such as aluminum chloride and basic polyaluminum hydroxide can be used in combination with inorganic compounds such as ferrous sulfate, ferrous chloride or colloidal silica and bentonite.
- inorganic compounds such as ferrous sulfate, ferrous chloride or colloidal silica and bentonite.
- the addition of the flocculant and the addition amount of the flocculant are arbitrary, but when the flocculant is added, 0.001 wt% or more is preferable with respect to the solid content in the aqueous dispersion. 0.005 wt% or more is more preferable. If the amount added is less than 0.001 wt%, the aggregation effect may not be obtained.
- paper making chemicals such as a sizing agent, a wet paper strength agent, and a filler can be used as needed.
- the sizing agent is not particularly limited.
- rosin sizing agent for acidic paper making petroleum resin sizing agent, alkyl ketene dimer sizing agent for neutral paper making, alkenyl succinic anhydride sizing agent And various sizing agents.
- the wet paper strength enhancer include melamine resin, urea resin, polyamide epichlorohydrin resin, epoxy resin, dialdehyde starch, polyacrylamide, and polyethyleneimine.
- fillers examples include mineral fillers such as talc, kaolin, calcined kaolin, clay, diatomaceous earth, heavy calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, aluminum hydroxide, titanium dioxide, magnesium sulfate, silica, aluminosilicate, bentonite, and the like.
- examples include organic synthetic fillers such as polystyrene particles and urea formalin resin particles.
- additive aids for papermaking such as dyes, pH adjusters, slime control agents, antifoaming agents, and stickers can be used depending on the application.
- the wet paper machine used in the paper making process is not particularly limited, such as a long paper machine, a circular paper machine, an inclined paper machine, and a twin wire paper machine, which are applied to general paper making technology.
- the radiation shielding sheet of the present invention may be configured as a multi-layered laminated paper in which single-layer papers are stacked in addition to the single-layer paper obtained as described above.
- the thickness, basis weight, strength, etc. of the radiation shielding sheet 1 may be appropriately adjusted according to the application. From the viewpoint of radiation shielding ability, the radiation shielding sheet 1 can exhibit suitable performance with a basis weight of about 50 to 1000 g / m 2 .
- the content of the radiation shielding material 20 necessary for the radiation shielding sheet 1 to achieve the above-described basis weight range is somewhat different depending on the material, but fibers (total of main fibers and auxiliary fibers when supplementary fibers are mixed) 1
- the radiation shielding material is at least 0.25 by weight, preferably 1 or more, and more preferably 4 or more.
- Example 1 As the fiber 10, using a beating machine (DDR), softwood bleached kraft pulp (NBKP) beaten to a beating degree of 450 CSF was prepared. Further, tungsten (trade name: D-100, manufactured by Allied Material, average particle diameter (Fischer method) 7.6 to 12 ⁇ m) was prepared as the radiation shielding material 20. The fiber 10 was blended at a ratio of 20 wt% and the radiation shielding material 20 at a ratio of 80 wt% (hereinafter referred to as raw material pulp).
- DDR beating machine
- NNKP softwood bleached kraft pulp
- tungsten trade name: D-100, manufactured by Allied Material, average particle diameter (Fischer method) 7.6 to 12 ⁇ m
- the fiber 10 was blended at a ratio of 20 wt% and the radiation shielding material 20 at a ratio of 80 wt% (hereinafter referred to as raw material pulp).
- 0.5 wt% wet paper strength agent (trade name WS4024 manufactured by Seiko PMC Co., Ltd.) and 0.5 wt% dry paper strength agent (trade name DS4356 manufactured by Seiko PMC Co., Ltd.) with respect to the total amount of the raw material pulp.
- the raw material slurry was obtained by blending.
- An agglomerate dispersion was prepared by adding 0.005 wt% of a flocculant (trade name polytension, manufactured by Arakawa Chemical Co., Ltd.) to 100 parts by weight of the solid content of the raw slurry.
- the aggregate dispersion was made with an inclined paper machine to obtain a radiation shielding sheet having a basis weight of 700 g / m 2 .
- Example 2 Except for using tungsten (product name: WL, average particle diameter (Fischer method) 10.0 to 40.0 ⁇ m, manufactured by Nippon Shin Metals Co., Ltd.) as the radiation shielding material 20, the same procedure as in Example 1 was performed. A radiation shielding sheet having a basis weight of 700 g / m 2 was obtained.
- the radiation shielding sheet of any of the examples has a thickness of about 300 ⁇ m, and can easily perform various processes such as bending, bonding, and cutting into a predetermined shape, and has excellent workability. .
- the radiation shielding performance of the radiation shielding sheet of each example described above will be described.
- Example 1 X-ray blocking performance measurement
- the tube current of the tube generating X-rays was fixed at 200 milliamps (mA), and the tube voltage was increased from 50 kilovolts (kV) to 150 kV sequentially.
- the distance between the tube and the table was 120 cm, and the measuring element of the skin dose dosimeter was placed 10 cm away from the table surface so as not to count scattered radiation. Further, the measuring element was arranged so as to be perpendicular to the line connecting the anode and cathode of the tube so that the heel effect would not occur.
- the X-ray irradiation time was 100 milliseconds (msec), and X-ray irradiation and X-ray measurement were performed three times in the same irradiation field, and the average value was adopted. With respect to the adopted value, the blocking rate was calculated based on the measured value without the radiation blocking material.
- the radiation shielding material the radiation shielding sheets of Example 1 and Example 2 (one radiation shielding sheet, five stacked radiation shielding sheets, and ten stacked radiation shielding sheets) were used. Further, as a comparative control, measurement using a thin lead plate (thickness: 0.25 mm, 1.0 mm) was also performed.
- Each of the radiation shielding sheets of Examples 1 and 2 showed a certain amount of X-ray shielding ability with one radiation shielding sheet, and the performance was enhanced by using a plurality of stacked radiation shielding sheets.
- Both of Examples 1 and 2 showed X-ray blocking ability substantially equivalent to 0.25 mm thick lead by using 5 sheets of radiation blocking sheets, and 0 sheets by using 10 sheets of radiation blocking sheets. .X-ray blocking ability more than 25 mm thick lead was demonstrated.
- Example 2 Measurement of ⁇ -ray blocking performance
- four types of ⁇ -ray sources shown in FIG. 3 were prepared. The distance between each ⁇ -ray source and the measuring device was adjusted so that the ⁇ dose was 0.27 microsievert per hour ( ⁇ Sv / h) in the absence of the radiation blocking material. The value of 0.27 ⁇ Sv / h is set in consideration of the exposure amount of the experimenter in the experiment.
- the radiation shielding material the radiation shielding sheets of Example 1 and Example 2 (both 10 radiation shielding sheets stacked) were used.
- As a comparative control measurements using thin lead plates (thickness 1.0 mm and 0.5 mm) were also performed. The results are shown in FIG. Both Example 1 and Example 2 exhibited ⁇ -ray shielding performance substantially equivalent to 0.5 mm thick lead by using 10 radiation shielding sheets stacked. Moreover, the interruption performance gradually decreased as the main energy of the radiation source increased. This trend was similar to lead.
- Example 3 X-ray examination
- the radiation shielding sheet of each example was imaged under the conditions of 50 kV, 200 mA, and 50 msec using an X-ray imaging apparatus (FCR (registered trademark)).
- the acquired image was processed with a linearity of 1024 gradations. Images taken are shown in FIGS. 4A to 4C.
- an existing protector using 0.25 mm-thick lead is arranged in the white area in the upper stage as a comparative control.
- the middle row is an area without interruption.
- the lower row is the radiation shielding sheet of the present embodiment, and the left side is Example 1 and the right side is Example 2.
- FIG. 4A shows a case where one radiation shielding sheet is used.
- FIG. 4B shows a case where five radiation shielding sheets are used.
- FIG. 4C shows a case where 10 radiation shielding sheets are used.
- FIG. 4A it was confirmed that X-rays were blocked to some extent by one radiation blocking sheet in any of the examples. The image was picked up in patches.
- Any of the radiation shielding sheets in any of the examples has a strong X-ray shielding by using a plurality of stacked radiation shielding sheets.
- the image acquired from the X-ray imaging apparatus is It became the same as the case of using lead, and from the acquired image, no unevenness of spots was observed.
- the radiation shielding sheet 1 of the present embodiment since it is excellent in workability and handleability, it can be suitably used in a wide range of applications, and radiation exposure can be suitably suppressed.
- the radiation shielding ability can be enhanced by using a plurality of radiation shielding sheets stacked, a desired radiation shielding ability can be easily realized depending on the application.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Professional, Industrial, Or Sporting Protective Garments (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本願は、2012年2月23日に、日本に出願された特願2012-037694号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
また、本発明の一態様においては、前記放射線遮断材の平均粒径は、1マイクロメートル以上100マイクロメートル以下であることが好ましい。
また、本発明の一態様においては、前記金属は、バリウム、鉄、およびタングステンの少なくとも一つを含んでいることが好ましい。
図1は、本実施形態の放射線遮断シート1を示す断面図である。放射線遮断シート1は、繊維10と、粒状の放射線遮断材20とを含んでおり、繊維10と、放射線遮断材20とがシート状に一体化されて形成されている。
例えば、放射線遮断シート1の強度と耐水性とを向上させたい場合は、90~250℃で熱融着機能を発揮する有機高分子繊維の使用が好適である。なお、上記熱融着とは、溶融又は軟化による接着機能を意味する。
この場合に用いる有機高分子繊維としては、例えば、芯/鞘の二層構造を有する有機高分子繊維であって、PP(ポリプロピレン)/PP、PP/PE(ポリエチレン)、PET(ポリエチレンテレフタレート)/低融点PET等の複合繊維、低融点PET繊維、あるいはPP繊維等のような構成を有する芯鞘構造や単一成分構造の熱融着繊維等が挙げられる。
本発明の放射線遮断シートを湿式抄紙法または乾式抄紙法により製造する場合には、粒状の放射線遮断材の直径は、1マイクロメートル(μm)以上100μm以下が好ましく、1μm以上30μm以下がより好ましい。前記粒状の放射線遮断材の直径が1μmを下回ると抄造時に抄紙ワイヤーで抜けが生じ、歩留まりが大きく低下するため、目的の量の放射線遮断材を放射線遮断シートに含有させることが困難となる。一方、前記粒状の放射線遮断材の直径が100μmを上回ると凝集性が低下し、繊維10が放射線遮断材20を十分な強度で保持出来ないため、乾燥後、放射線遮断シートから放射線遮断材が脱落するおそれがある。
放射線遮断シート1を湿式抄紙法により製造する場合は、配合した材料を水に分散してスラリーを調製し、得られたスラリーを湿式抄紙機で抄造する(抄紙工程)。主体繊維としての繊維10は、あらかじめ、叩解しておくのが好ましい。叩解は、シングルディスクリファイナー(SDR)、ダブルディスクリファイナー(DDR)、ビーター等の叩解機により適宜行なうことができる。叩解度としては、カナダ標準濾水度(CSF:JISP 8121)で750CSF~100CSF程度が好ましく、500CSF~150CSF程度がより好ましい。
抄紙工程において、凝集剤を添加すること、および凝集剤の添加量は任意であるが、凝集剤を添加する場合は、水分散液中の固形分に対して0.001wt%以上が好ましく、0.005wt%以上がより好ましい。添加量が0.001wt%を下回ると、凝集効果が得られない恐れがある。
サイズ剤としては、特に限定されるものではないが、例えば、酸性抄紙用のロジン系サイズ剤、石油樹脂系サイズ剤、中性抄紙用にアルキルケテンダイマー系サイズ剤、アルケニル無水コハク酸系サイズ剤等の各種サイズ剤が挙げられる。
湿潤紙力増強剤としては、例えば、メラミン系樹脂、尿素系樹脂、ポリアミドエピクロロヒドリン樹脂、エポキシ系樹脂、ジアルデヒド澱粉、ポリアクリルアミド及びポリエチレンイミン等が挙げられる。
填料としては、例えば、タルク、カオリン、焼成カオリン、クレー、ケイソウ土、重質炭酸カルシウム、炭酸マグネシウム、水酸化アルミニウム、二酸化チタン、硫酸マグネシウム、シリカ、アルミノ硅酸塩、ベントナイト等の鉱物質填料やポリスチレン粒子、尿素ホルマリン樹脂粒子等の有機合成填料等が挙げられる。
更に、染料、pH調整剤、スライムコントロール剤、消泡剤、粘剤等の抄紙用の各種添加助剤も用途に応じて使用できる。
放射線遮断シート1が上述の坪量範囲を実現するために必要な放射線遮断材20の含有率は、材質によって多少異なるが、繊維(補助繊維を混合する場合は主体繊維および補助繊維の合計)1に対して、放射線遮断材は重量比で少なくとも0.25以上であり、1以上が好ましく、4以上がより好ましい。
(実施例1)
繊維10として、叩解機(DDR)を使用して、叩解度450CSFまで叩解した針葉樹晒クラフトパルプ(NBKP)を準備した。また、放射線遮断材20として、タングステン(アライドマテリアル社製 商品名:D-100、平均粒径(フィッシャー法)7.6~12μm)を準備した。繊維10を20wt%、放射線遮断材20を80wt%の比率で配合した(以降、原料パルプと呼ぶ)。その後に、前記原料パルプ全量に対して、湿潤紙力剤(星光PMC株式会社製 商品名WS4024)を0.5wt%、乾燥紙力剤(星光PMC株式会社製 商品名DS4356)を0.5wt%配合し、原料スラリーを得た。
前記原料スラリーの固形分100重量部に対し、凝集剤(荒川化学社製 商品名ポリテンション)0.005wt%を添加し凝集体分散液を調製した。前記凝集体分散液を傾斜式抄紙機で抄造し、坪量700g/m2の放射線遮断シートを得た。
放射線遮断材20として、タングステン(日本新金属社製 商品名:WL、平均粒径(フィッシャー法)10.0~40.0μm)を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様の手順で製造し、坪量700g/m2の放射線遮断シートを得た。
いずれの実施例の放射線遮断シートも、厚さ300μm程度であり、折り曲げ、貼り合わせ、さらには所定の形状に切り出す等の各種加工を容易に行うことができ、優れた加工性を有していた。
(実験1 X線遮断性能の測定)
X線を発生させる管球の管電流を200ミリアンペア(mA)で固定し、管電圧を50キロボルト(kV)から150kVまで順次増加させた。管球とテーブルの距離は120cmとし、散乱線をカウントしないよう、スキンドーズ線量計の測定素子をテーブル面から10cm離して設置した。また、ヒール効果が生じないよう、管球の陽極と陰極とを結ぶ線に垂直となるように測定素子を配置した。
X線照射時間は100ミリ秒(msec)とし、同一の照射野内でX線照射およびX線測定を3回行い、その平均値を採用した。採用した値に対し、放射線遮断材料のない状態での測定値を基準として遮断率を算出した。
放射線遮断材料として、実施例1および実施例2の放射線遮断シート(1枚の放射線遮断シート、5枚重ねた放射線遮断シート、10枚重ねた放射線遮断シート)を用いた。また比較対照として、鉛の薄板(厚さ0.25mm、1.0mm)を用いた測定も行った。
γ線の線源として、図3に示す4種類のγ線源を準備した。各γ線源と測定器との距離を調節して、放射線遮断材料がない状態において、γ線量が0.27マイクロシーベルト毎時(μSv/h)となるように設定した。0.27μSv/hという値は、実験における実験者の被ばく量を考慮して設定したものである。
放射線遮断材料として、実施例1および実施例2の放射線遮断シート(いずれも10枚重ねた放射線遮断シート)を用いた。また比較対照として、鉛の薄板(厚さ1.0mmおよび0.5mm)を用いた測定も行った。
図3に結果を示す。実施例1および実施例2のいずれも、10枚重ねた放射線遮断シートを用いることで0.5mm厚の鉛と概ね同等のγ線遮断性能を発揮した。また、その遮断性能は線源の主エネルギーが高くなるにつれて徐々に低下した。この傾向は鉛と同様であった。
X線撮像装置(FCR(登録商標))を用いて50kV、200mA、50msecの条件で各実施例の放射線遮断シートを撮影した。取得した画像は直線性1024階調にて処理した。
図4A~Cに撮影した画像を示す。図4A、図4B、図4Cの各画像において、上段の白い領域には、比較対照として0.25mm厚の鉛を用いた既存のプロテクターを配置している。中段は遮断なしの領域である。下段が本実施形態の放射線遮断シートであり、それぞれ左側が実施例1、右側が実施例2である。また図4Aは1枚の放射線遮断シートを用いた場合である。図4Bは5枚重ねた放射線遮断シートを用いた場合である。図4Cは10枚重ねた放射線遮断シートを用いた場合である。
図4Aに示すように、いずれの実施例についても1枚の放射線遮断シートである程度X線を遮断していることが確認されたが、撮影した部位によりX線の遮断にばらつきがあり、取得した画像は斑状に撮像された。いずれの実施例の放射線遮断シートも、複数枚重ねた放射線遮断シートを用いることでX線の遮断が強くなり、10枚重ねた放射線遮断シートを用いると、X線撮像装置より取得した画像上は鉛を用いた場合と同等になり、取得した画像からは、斑状のばらつきもみられなくなった。
10 繊維
20 放射線遮断材
Claims (5)
- 放射線遮断シートであって、
繊維と粒状の放射線遮断材とがシート状に一体化されて形成されたことを特徴とする放射線遮断シート。 - 前記放射線遮断材の含有量が、前記繊維1に対して重量比で0.25以上であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の放射線遮断シート。
- 前記放射線遮断材の平均粒径が、1マイクロメートル以上100マイクロメートル以下であることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の放射線遮断シート。
- 前記放射線遮断材が、金属、および前記金属の酸化物もしくは金属塩であることを特徴とする請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の放射線遮断シート。
- 前記金属は、バリウム、鉄、およびタングステンの少なくとも一つを含むことを特徴とする請求項4に記載の放射線遮断シート。
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EP13752307.2A EP2819124B1 (en) | 2012-02-23 | 2013-02-25 | Radiation-shielding sheet |
US14/461,567 US10622113B2 (en) | 2012-02-23 | 2014-08-18 | Radiation shielding sheet |
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WO2015098904A1 (ja) * | 2013-12-25 | 2015-07-02 | 国立大学法人神戸大学 | 放射線治療用スペーサー |
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JP6046428B2 (ja) * | 2012-09-07 | 2016-12-14 | 帝人株式会社 | 放射線遮蔽性シート |
JP2016011913A (ja) * | 2014-06-30 | 2016-01-21 | 凸版印刷株式会社 | 低エネルギーx線用防護材 |
JP6460750B2 (ja) * | 2014-11-25 | 2019-01-30 | 永大産業株式会社 | パーティクルボード及びこれを用いた二重床 |
US10340049B2 (en) * | 2016-08-04 | 2019-07-02 | Savannah River Nuclear Solutions, Llc | Alpha/beta radiation shielding materials |
JP6843641B2 (ja) * | 2017-02-14 | 2021-03-17 | 日本製紙株式会社 | 放射線遮断材 |
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KR20200020984A (ko) | 2020-02-26 |
EP2819124B1 (en) | 2017-10-18 |
JP2013174458A (ja) | 2013-09-05 |
KR20150021015A (ko) | 2015-02-27 |
US20200251234A1 (en) | 2020-08-06 |
EP2819124A4 (en) | 2015-10-21 |
US10622113B2 (en) | 2020-04-14 |
JP6395175B2 (ja) | 2018-09-26 |
EP2819124A1 (en) | 2014-12-31 |
US20160322122A1 (en) | 2016-11-03 |
KR102301365B1 (ko) | 2021-09-14 |
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