WO2013121748A1 - 太陽電池用封止シート、太陽電池、及び、太陽電池の製造方法 - Google Patents
太陽電池用封止シート、太陽電池、及び、太陽電池の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013121748A1 WO2013121748A1 PCT/JP2013/000668 JP2013000668W WO2013121748A1 WO 2013121748 A1 WO2013121748 A1 WO 2013121748A1 JP 2013000668 W JP2013000668 W JP 2013000668W WO 2013121748 A1 WO2013121748 A1 WO 2013121748A1
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- JTHZUSWLNCPZLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-fluoro-3-methyl-2h-indazole Chemical compound FC1=CC=C2C(C)=NNC2=C1 JTHZUSWLNCPZLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FIHBHSQYSYVZQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-prop-2-enoyloxyhexyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C FIHBHSQYSYVZQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YJVIKVWFGPLAFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-(2-methylprop-2-enoyloxy)nonyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C YJVIKVWFGPLAFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PGDIJTMOHORACQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-prop-2-enoyloxynonyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C PGDIJTMOHORACQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CYTPJUBIQMZICX-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C=C)(=O)O.C(C=C)(=O)O.C(C=C)(=O)O.C(C=C)(=O)O.C(COCCOCCOCCO)O Chemical class C(C=C)(=O)O.C(C=C)(=O)O.C(C=C)(=O)O.C(C=C)(=O)O.C(COCCOCCOCCO)O CYTPJUBIQMZICX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LYSYBUDOGCTRIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC1(CC2=CC=CC=C2)C(C(=C(C(=C1C1=CC(=C(C(=C1)C(C)(C)C)O)C(C)(C)C)C)C1=CC(=C(C(=C1)C(C)(C)C)O)C(C)(C)C)C)C1=CC(=C(C(=C1)C(C)(C)C)O)C(C)(C)C.C1=CC(=CC=C1O)C.C1=CC(=CC=C1O)C.C1=CC(=CC=C1O)C Chemical compound CC1(CC2=CC=CC=C2)C(C(=C(C(=C1C1=CC(=C(C(=C1)C(C)(C)C)O)C(C)(C)C)C)C1=CC(=C(C(=C1)C(C)(C)C)O)C(C)(C)C)C)C1=CC(=C(C(=C1)C(C)(C)C)O)C(C)(C)C.C1=CC(=CC=C1O)C.C1=CC(=CC=C1O)C.C1=CC(=CC=C1O)C LYSYBUDOGCTRIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XFHFNPNYXNRRAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC1=CC(C)([Zr]C2(C)C=CC(C)=C2)C=C1 Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)([Zr]C2(C)C=CC(C)=C2)C=C1 XFHFNPNYXNRRAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WOBHKFSMXKNTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxyethyl methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCO WOBHKFSMXKNTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JKIJEFPNVSHHEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol, 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-, phosphite (3:1) Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=CC=C1OP(OC=1C(=CC(=CC=1)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)OC1=CC=C(C(C)(C)C)C=C1C(C)(C)C JKIJEFPNVSHHEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKKRPWIIYQTPQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCC(CC)(COC(=O)C(C)=C)COC(=O)C(C)=C OKKRPWIIYQTPQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SWHLOXLFJPTYTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N [2-methyl-3-(2-methylprop-2-enoyloxy)-2-(2-methylprop-2-enoyloxymethyl)propyl] 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCC(C)(COC(=O)C(C)=C)COC(=O)C(C)=C SWHLOXLFJPTYTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BEIOEBMXPVYLRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-[4-bis(2,4-ditert-butylphenoxy)phosphanylphenyl]phenyl]-bis(2,4-ditert-butylphenoxy)phosphane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=CC=C1OP(C=1C=CC(=CC=1)C=1C=CC(=CC=1)P(OC=1C(=CC(=CC=1)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)OC=1C(=CC(=CC=1)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)OC1=CC=C(C(C)(C)C)C=C1C(C)(C)C BEIOEBMXPVYLRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940121375 antifungal agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003429 antifungal agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002216 antistatic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzotriazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N[N][N]C2=C1 QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012964 benzotriazole Substances 0.000 description 1
- XITRBUPOXXBIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) decanedioate Chemical compound C1C(C)(C)NC(C)(C)CC1OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC1CC(C)(C)NC(C)(C)C1 XITRBUPOXXBIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
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- GMSCBRSQMRDRCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C GMSCBRSQMRDRCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- NKSJNEHGWDZZQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl(trimethoxy)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)C=C NKSJNEHGWDZZQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004494 ethyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- PZDUWXKXFAIFOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C PZDUWXKXFAIFOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- YDKNBNOOCSNPNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 1,3-benzoxazole-2-carboxylate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC(C(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 YDKNBNOOCSNPNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- SSDSCDGVMJFTEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecyl 3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 SSDSCDGVMJFTEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005474 octanoate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- ISIJQEHRDSCQIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2,7-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-7-carboxylate Chemical compound C1N(C(=O)OC(C)(C)C)CCCC11CNCC1 ISIJQEHRDSCQIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SJMYWORNLPSJQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OC(C)(C)C SJMYWORNLPSJQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- MCULRUJILOGHCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triisobutylaluminium Chemical compound CC(C)C[Al](CC(C)C)CC(C)C MCULRUJILOGHCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy-[3-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propyl]silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCOCC1CO1 BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
- H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
- H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
- H01L31/0481—Encapsulation of modules characterised by the composition of the encapsulation material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2323/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2323/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
- C08J2323/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
- C08J2323/08—Copolymers of ethene
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a solar cell sealing sheet, a solar cell, and a method for manufacturing a solar cell.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a solar cell sealing sheet obtained by forming a film of an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin (EVA).
- EVA ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin
- Such a solar cell encapsulating sheet is generally produced by extruding a heat-kneaded material into a sheet form from a die such as a T die attached to an extruder.
- the present inventor has found that when a conventional solar cell sealing sheet is heated under predetermined conditions (at atmospheric pressure, 150 ° C., 15 minutes), it contracts anisotropically. This anisotropic shrinkage is considered to occur because the stress at the time of sheet forming remains.
- Some conventional solar cell encapsulating sheets are heated after being extruded from an extruder in order to relieve stress during sheet forming.
- the present inventor has also confirmed that the solar cell encapsulating sheet subjected to such stress relaxation treatment shrinks anisotropically when heated under the above conditions. This is presumably because the idea of stress relaxation (heating) until the anisotropic shrinkage that occurs when heated under the above conditions is avoided did not exist.
- the predetermined condition is a condition simulating heating / pressurizing treatment when the solar battery cell is sealed with the solar cell sealing sheet, and the solar cell sealing sheet is anisotropic by the heating under the predetermined condition.
- the sealing process is made by heating and pressurizing the laminate. If the solar cell encapsulating sheet shrinks anisotropically due to heating and pressurization at this time, naturally, taking into account such shrinkage, the shape (cut shape) for cutting out the solar cell encapsulating sheet is designed. There is a need to.
- the work of designing the cut shape in consideration of such anisotropic shrinkage is troublesome and time-consuming.
- the cut shape before shrinkage tends to be a shape such as a rectangle whose longitudinal and transverse lengths do not match. In such a case, it becomes difficult to cut out the solar cell encapsulating sheet from the raw fabric roll without waste, and loss tends to occur.
- an object of the present invention is to reduce inconveniences such as time and effort at the time of designing the cut shape of such a solar cell sealing sheet.
- seat for sealing a photovoltaic cell Comprising:
- seat so that a planar shape may become a square is 15 at 150 degreeC under atmospheric pressure.
- the length of one side of the square sheet before heat shrinking is L
- the direction parallel to the first side is the first direction
- the direction perpendicular to the first side Is the second direction
- M1 is the shortest length in the first direction of the square sheet after heat shrinkage
- M2 is the shortest length in the second direction.
- ⁇ 0.4 is provided.
- the solar cell which sealed the photovoltaic cell using the said sealing sheet for solar cells is provided.
- a solar cell having a sealing step of forming a laminate sandwiching solar cells with the solar cell sealing sheet and integrating the laminate by heating and pressurizing.
- a manufacturing method is provided.
- a state in which a square sheet obtained by cutting the solar cell encapsulating sheet of the present embodiment so that the planar shape is square is thermally contracted under the first condition (at atmospheric pressure, 150 ° C., 15 minutes). It is a top view which shows typically. It is a plane photograph showing a state in which the solar cell sealing sheets of Examples and Comparative Examples are heat-shrinked under the first condition (at atmospheric pressure, 150 ° C., 15 minutes) after being cut so that the planar shape is square. is there. It is a conceptual diagram for demonstrating one process of an example of the sheet forming method of this embodiment. It is a figure which shows the frequency dependence of each storage elastic modulus and loss elastic modulus of polyolefin resin (PO) and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin (EVA).
- PO polyolefin resin
- EVA ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin
- ⁇ Seal sheet for solar cell> there are inconveniences such as trouble in designing the cut shape of the sealing sheet for solar cell, which may occur when anisotropically contracts when heated under the first condition (at atmospheric pressure, 150 ° C., 15 minutes).
- the solar cell sealing sheet which shrinks substantially isotropically when heated on the same conditions is provided.
- the solar cell sealing sheet of the present embodiment is A square sheet obtained by cutting the solar cell encapsulating sheet of the present embodiment so that the planar shape is square is heated under the first condition (at atmospheric pressure, 150 ° C., 15 minutes) to cause heat shrinkage. If you let The length of one side of the square sheet before heat shrinkage is L (100 mm ⁇ L ⁇ 150 mm), the direction parallel to the first side (any one of the four sides) is the first direction, the first The direction perpendicular to the side is the second direction, When the shortest length in the first direction in the square sheet after heat shrinkage is M1, and the shortest length in the second direction is M2, 0 ⁇
- the above M1 and M2 are values measured after the heat-treated square sheet is allowed to cool to room temperature.
- a square sheet When a square sheet is placed directly, it may stick to the table and hinder shrinkage. Therefore, the surface on which the heat-treated sheet is placed is measured by dispersing powder so that natural shrinkage is not hindered.
- the solar cell encapsulating sheet of the present embodiment satisfies the above conditions when heated as described above and measured for M1 and M2 as described above.
- 0.3 ⁇ M1 / L ⁇ 1 and 0.3 ⁇ M2 / L ⁇ 1 are satisfied. Furthermore, it is preferable to satisfy 0.5 ⁇ M1 / L ⁇ 1 and 0.5 ⁇ M2 / L ⁇ 1, and 0.7 ⁇ M1 / L ⁇ 1 and 0.7 ⁇ M2 / L ⁇ 1. It is more preferable to satisfy In this case, the trouble at the time of designing the cut shape of the solar cell sealing sheet is further reduced. Moreover, the sealing sheet for solar cells is not wasted, and a cost advantage can be obtained.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing a square sheet made of the solar cell sealing sheet of the present embodiment and a state after the square sheet is heated under a first condition.
- the state before heating is A1 or A2 indicated by a dotted line, and the state after heating is indicated by a solid line.
- the x direction and the y direction shown in the figure are both directions parallel to one of the sides of the square sheet before heating.
- the vicinity of the four apexes may contract or may not contract. That is, the state of the square sheet before heating is A1 or A2. Further, the degree of contraction when the vicinity of the four vertices contracts varies to some extent. However, the contraction tendency (degree of contraction, etc.) near the four vertices generally shows the same tendency.
- the solar cell encapsulating sheet of this embodiment that can be generated when anisotropically contracted when heated under the first condition (under atmospheric pressure, 150 ° C., 15 minutes). It is possible to reduce inconveniences such as labor when designing the cut shape.
- the solar cell sealing sheet of this embodiment having the above-described characteristics can be obtained by manufacturing the solar cell sealing sheet using the following sheet manufacturing method.
- seat manufacturing method is demonstrated first, and an example which manufactures the solar cell sealing sheet using the said sheet
- Sheet manufacturing method The inventors of the present invention have the inconvenience that the dimension of the formed sheet is changed by subsequent heating, because the orientation and stress generated in the sheet when the molten resin is extruded to form the sheet remain in the sheet. It was thought to be caused by cooling and solidifying.
- the present inventors sufficiently increase the distance (air gap) from the die exit to the cooling roll, or sufficiently slow the sheet moving speed from the die exit to the cooling roll, We studied a technique to sufficiently relax the orientation and stress before the sheet extruded from the die cooled and solidified. According to the technology that cools and solidifies the sheet after sufficiently relaxing such orientation and stress, the problem of orientation and stress remaining on the sheet is eliminated, and the formed sheet changes its dimensions anisotropically by subsequent heating. There is a possibility that the inconvenience to be solved can be solved.
- the sheet manufacturing method of the present embodiment includes a molding step in which a thermoplastic resin is melt-extruded from a die of an extrusion molding machine into a sheet shape, and then cooled and solidified by passing between a pair of cooling rolls.
- FIG. 3 shows a conceptual diagram of the molding process.
- the resin sheet 30 extruded in a sheet form from the die 10 of the extruder is then cooled and solidified by passing between a pair of cooling rolls 20.
- the sheet manufacturing method of the present embodiment there is no inconvenience that the line speed becomes too slow or the installation space of the equipment becomes too large. It includes a technology that can appropriately set the conditions in the molding process so as to reduce.
- the sheet manufacturing method of the present embodiment includes an average strain rate d ⁇ / dt [sec ⁇ 1 ] obtained by the following (formula), a storage elastic modulus (G ′) and a loss elastic modulus (
- the frequency ⁇ d [sec ⁇ 1 ] which is the reciprocal of the longest relaxation time (hereinafter referred to as relaxation time) of the thermoplastic resin obtained using G ′′), is a sheet-like shape between the die 10 and the cooling roll 20.
- in average resin temperature is the temperature of the thermoplastic resin (resin sheet 30), to set these conditions so as to satisfy the relation of d ⁇ / dt ⁇ d.
- V0 is the velocity [mm ⁇ sec -1] of the thermoplastic resin is extruded from the extruder
- V1 is the speed of taking up the sheet-shaped thermoplastic resin (resin sheet 30) [mm ⁇ sec -1]
- Z is an air gap [mm] between the outlet of the die 10 through which the thermoplastic resin is extruded and the cooling roll 20.
- V0 is obtained by dividing the volume velocity of the extruded thermoplastic resin by the lip cross-sectional area
- V1 is obtained as the rotational peripheral velocity of the roll 20, respectively.
- V1 , V0 without becomes too small, and, by setting them so as not to Z becomes too large, or the line speed too slow, and, Inconveniences such as excessive installation space for facilities can be reduced.
- the average resin temperature between the die 10 and the cooling roll 20, the resin temperature immediately after being extruded from the die 10, and the resin temperature immediately before being sandwiched between the cooling rolls 20 can be measured using, for example, an infrared radiation thermometer. it can.
- the frequency omega d is the inverse of the relaxation time of the thermoplastic resin to be determined using the storage modulus of the thermoplastic resin (G ') and loss modulus (G ").
- This relaxation time can be estimated from the low-frequency behavior of the storage elastic modulus (G ′) and loss elastic modulus (G ′′) of the thermoplastic resin obtained by melt viscoelasticity measurement.
- G ′ shows a behavior with a slope of 2
- G ′ shows a behavior of a slope of 1
- Gf is fitted to the data to find the frequency of the intersection of these approximate lines, and the reciprocal of this frequency is the relaxation time.
- the melt viscoelasticity measurement is performed using a viscoelasticity measuring device (for example, a viscoelasticity testing machine (model ARES) manufactured by TA Instruments). Specifically, as a sample, a sheet having a thickness of 2 mm is obtained by pressing at 120 ° C., and then molded into a disk shape having a diameter of 25 mm ⁇ 2 mm, and measurement is performed under the following conditions.
- a viscoelasticity measuring device for example, a viscoelasticity testing machine (model ARES) manufactured by TA Instruments).
- a sheet having a thickness of 2 mm is obtained by pressing at 120 ° C., and then molded into a disk shape having a diameter of 25 mm ⁇ 2 mm, and measurement is performed under the following conditions.
- As data processing software RSI Orchestrator VER. Use 6.6.3 (manufactured by TI Instruments Japan Co., Ltd.).
- Geometry Parallel plate Measurement temperature: 120 ° C (temperature above melting point) Frequency: 0.01-100
- a melt viscoelasticity measurement is performed on the thermoplastic resin to be molded to calculate the frequency ⁇ d [sec ⁇ 1 ], and then satisfy d ⁇ / dt ⁇ d.
- the solar cell sealing sheet of this embodiment contains a thermoplastic resin and at least one additive. First, materials will be described.
- thermoplastic resin The type of the thermoplastic resin is not particularly limited, and for example, a polyolefin resin or an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin can be used. However, among these, polyolefin resins are preferable. Hereinafter, the reason will be described.
- FIG. 4 shows the frequency dependence (logarithm-logarithmic plot) of the viscoelasticity of each of the polyolefin resin (PO) and the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin (EVA) at 70 ° C.
- the storage modulus (G ′) and loss modulus (G ′′) are plotted on the vertical axis, and the frequency is plotted on the horizontal axis.
- Relaxation time is measured in a region where the complex viscosity called the flow region is constant regardless of the frequency. Specifically, the intersection of each extrapolated line is obtained by using data in which G ′ indicates a slope 2 and G ′′ indicates a slope 1.
- the frequency at the intersection is a frequency ⁇ d [sec ⁇ 1 ] which is the reciprocal of the relaxation time.
- the solar cell sealing sheet of the present invention can be obtained by selecting the conditions when the molten resin is processed into a sheet, the sheet of the present invention can also be obtained by other methods. As described above formulas: d? / Dt ⁇ resulting sheet in processing conditions which do not satisfy the omega d, since the orientation and stress is not sufficiently alleviated, as is the expression 0 ⁇
- the orientation can be relaxed and the solar cell sealing sheet of the present invention can be obtained. Specifically, the orientation can be relaxed while maintaining the sheet shape by heating near the softening point below the melting point of the resin forming the sheet. The heating time can be set as appropriate, but it may be from several hours to one day.
- the polyolefin resin in the present embodiment is not particularly limited.
- a low density ethylene resin a medium density ethylene resin, an ultra low density ethylene resin, a propylene (co) polymer, 1-butene (co) heavy 4-methylpentene-1 (co) polymer, ethylene / ⁇ -olefin copolymer, ethylene / cyclic olefin copolymer, ethylene / ⁇ -olefin / cyclic olefin copolymer, ethylene / ⁇ -olefin / non Examples thereof include a conjugated polyene copolymer, an ethylene / ⁇ -olefin / conjugated polyene copolymer, an ethylene / aromatic vinyl copolymer, and an ethylene / ⁇ -olefin / aromatic vinyl copolymer.
- These polyolefin resins may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- an ethylene / ⁇ -olefin copolymer composed of ethylene and an ⁇ -olefin having 3 to 20 carbon atoms is required for transparency, adhesiveness, flexibility, heat resistance, appearance, and the like as a sealing sheet for solar cells.
- This is particularly preferable because it is excellent in the balance of various properties such as cross-linking properties, electrical properties and extrusion moldability.
- the polyolefin resin in the present embodiment preferably has a melt flow rate (MFR) of 0.1 to 50 g / 10 minutes measured in accordance with ASTM D1238 under the conditions of 190 ° C. and 2.16 kg load, It is more preferably 3 to 40 g / 10 minutes, and more preferably 10 to 27 g / 10 minutes.
- MFR of the polyolefin resin can be adjusted by adjusting the polymerization temperature, the polymerization pressure, the molar ratio of the ethylene monomer concentration and the hydrogen concentration in the polymerization system, and the like.
- the MFR is 3 g / 10 min or more, the fluidity of the solar cell encapsulating sheet is improved, and the productivity at the time of sheet extrusion can be improved. Moreover, since the scorch property of the sealing sheet for solar cells falls, gelatinization can be suppressed. For this reason, since the torque of an extrusion molding machine falls, sheet molding can be made easy. Moreover, since the generation
- the crosslinking characteristic (especially crosslinking rate) at the time of laminate molding of the solar cell module is improved, it can be sufficiently crosslinked to suppress a decrease in heat resistance.
- the MFR is 27 g / 10 min or less, the neck-in at the time of sheet forming can be suppressed, a wide sheet can be formed, the cross-linking characteristics and heat resistance are further improved, and the most favorable sealing sheet for solar cells Can be obtained.
- the polyolefin resin in the present embodiment preferably has a density measured in accordance with ASTM D1505 in the range of 0.865 to 0.884 g / cm 3 .
- the density of polyolefin resin can be adjusted with the content rate of an ethylene unit. That is, when the content ratio of the ethylene unit is increased, the crystallinity is increased and a polyolefin resin having a high density can be obtained. On the other hand, when the content ratio of the ethylene unit is lowered, the crystallinity is lowered and a polyolefin resin having a low density can be obtained.
- the density of the polyolefin resin is 0.884 g / cm 3 or less, the crystallinity is lowered and the transparency can be increased. Furthermore, extrusion molding at low temperature becomes easy, and for example, extrusion molding can be performed at 130 ° C. or lower. For this reason, even if an organic peroxide is kneaded into the polyolefin resin, it prevents the cross-linking reaction from proceeding in the extruder, prevents the occurrence of gel-like foreign matters on the sheet, and suppresses the deterioration of the sheet appearance. You can also Moreover, since it is highly flexible, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of cell cracks and thin film electrode cracks, which are solar cell elements, when the solar cell module is laminated.
- the density of the polyolefin-based resin is 0.865 g / cm 3 or more, the crystallization speed of the polyolefin-based resin can be increased, so that the sheet extruded from the extruder is not sticky, and peeling with the first cooling roll is difficult. It becomes easy and the sealing sheet for solar cells can be obtained easily. Further, since stickiness is less likely to occur in the sheet, the occurrence of blocking can be suppressed, and the sheet feedability can be improved. Moreover, since it can fully bridge
- the ethylene / ⁇ -olefin copolymer comprising ethylene and an ⁇ -olefin having 3 to 20 carbon atoms in the present embodiment can be obtained, for example, by copolymerizing ethylene and an ⁇ -olefin having 3 to 20 carbon atoms. .
- ⁇ -olefin ⁇ -olefins having 3 to 20 carbon atoms can be used singly or in combination of two or more. Among these, ⁇ -olefins having 10 or less carbon atoms are preferable, and ⁇ -olefins having 3 to 8 carbon atoms are particularly preferable.
- ⁇ -olefins include propylene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 3-methyl-1-butene, 3,3-dimethyl-1-butene, 4-methyl-1- Examples include pentene, 1-octene, 1-decene, 1-dodecene and the like. Of these, propylene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 4-methyl-1-pentene and 1-octene are preferable because of their availability.
- the ethylene / ⁇ -olefin copolymer may be a random copolymer or a block copolymer, but a random copolymer is preferred from the viewpoint of flexibility.
- the ethylene / ⁇ -olefin copolymer used in the present invention preferably satisfies the following requirements a1) to a4): a1)
- the content ratio of the structural unit derived from ethylene is 80 to 90 mol%, and the content ratio of the structural unit derived from the ⁇ -olefin having 3 to 20 carbon atoms is 10 to 20 mol%.
- a2) Based on ASTM D1238, MFR measured under the conditions of 190 ° C. and 2.16 kg load is 0.1 to 50 g / 10 min.
- the density measured according to ASTM D1505 is 0.865 to 0.884 g / cm 3 .
- the Shore A hardness measured according to ASTM D2240 is 60 to 85.
- the proportion of structural units derived from ⁇ -olefins having 3 to 20 carbon atoms (hereinafter also referred to as “ ⁇ -olefin units”) contained in the ethylene / ⁇ -olefin copolymer of this embodiment is 10 to 20 mol%. preferable.
- the ratio of the ⁇ -olefin unit is 10 mol% or more, a highly transparent sheet can be obtained. Further, extrusion molding at a low temperature can be easily performed, and for example, extrusion molding at 130 ° C. or lower is possible.
- the content ratio of the ⁇ -olefin unit is 20 mol% or less, the crystallization speed of the ethylene / ⁇ -olefin copolymer becomes appropriate, so that the sheet extruded from the extruder is not sticky. Peeling is easy and a solar cell sealing sheet can be obtained efficiently. Further, since no stickiness occurs in the sheet, blocking can be prevented, and the sheet feeding property is improved. In addition, a decrease in heat resistance can be prevented.
- additive Although it does not specifically limit as an additive in this embodiment, It selects from the additives generally used for the sealing sheet for solar cells, and is used suitably.
- additives generally used in solar cell encapsulating sheets include organic peroxides, silane coupling agents, crosslinking aids, ultraviolet absorbers, heat stabilizers, and light stabilizers.
- the organic peroxide in the present embodiment is used as a radical initiator for graft modification of a silane coupling agent and a polyolefin resin, and further, during a crosslinking reaction during lamination molding of a polyolefin resin solar cell module.
- graft-modifying a polyolefin-based resin with a silane coupling agent a solar cell module having good adhesion to glass, a back sheet, a cell, and an electrode can be obtained. Furthermore, the solar cell module excellent in heat resistance and adhesiveness can be obtained by bridge
- the organic peroxide in the present embodiment is not particularly limited as long as it can graft-modify a silane coupling agent on the polyolefin resin or crosslink the polyolefin resin.
- the one-minute half-life temperature of the organic peroxide is preferably 100 to 170 ° C. in view of the balance between productivity in extrusion sheet molding and the crosslinking rate during lamination of the solar cell module.
- the half-life temperature of the organic peroxide is 100 ° C. or higher, gel is less likely to occur in the solar cell encapsulating sheet obtained from the resin composition at the time of extrusion sheet molding. It can suppress and can make sheet forming easy. Moreover, since it can suppress that an unevenness
- the adhesiveness with glass, a cell, an electrode, and a back sheet becomes favorable at the time of the lamination process of a solar cell module, and adhesiveness also improves. If the extrusion temperature of extrusion sheet molding is lowered to 90 ° C. or lower, molding is possible, but productivity is greatly reduced. When the one-minute half-life temperature of the organic peroxide is 170 ° C. or lower, it is possible to suppress a decrease in the crosslinking rate when the solar cell module is laminated, and thus it is possible to prevent a decrease in the productivity of the solar cell module. Moreover, the heat resistance of the sealing sheet for solar cells and the fall of adhesiveness can also be prevented.
- organic peroxides can be used.
- Preferred examples of the organic peroxide having a 1 minute half-life temperature in the range of 100 to 170 ° C. include dilauroyl peroxide, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutylperoxy-2-ethylhexanoate Dibenzoyl peroxide, t-amylperoxy-2-ethylhexanoate, t-butylperoxy-2-ethylhexanoate, t-butylperoxyisobutyrate, t-butylperoxymaleic acid, 1 , 1-Di (t-amylperoxy) -3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane, 1,1-di (t-amylperoxy) cyclohexane, t-amylperoxyisononanoate, t-amylperoxynormal Octoate, 1,1-di (t-butylperoxy) -3,3,5-trimethyl
- dilauroyl peroxide t-butyl peroxyisopropyl carbonate, t-butyl peroxyacetate, t-butyl peroxyisononanoate, t-butyl peroxy-2-ethylhexyl carbonate, t-butyl peroxybenzoate, etc.
- organic peroxides may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the amount of the organic peroxide added varies depending on the type of the organic peroxide, but it is preferably used at a ratio of 0.1 to 3 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the polyolefin resin. It is particularly preferable to use it at a ratio of 3 parts by weight.
- silane coupling agent The silane coupling agent in this embodiment is useful for improving the adhesion to a protective material, a solar cell element, and the like.
- the compound which has a hydrolyzable group like an alkoxy group with an amino group or an epoxy group can be mentioned.
- vinyltriethoxysilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltris ( ⁇ -methoxyethoxysilane), ⁇ -glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, ⁇ -aminopropyltriethoxysilane, ⁇ -methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane Etc. can be used.
- silane coupling agents may be used individually by 1 type, and 2 or more types may be mixed and used for them.
- the amount of the silane coupling agent added varies depending on the type of the silane coupling agent, but it is preferably used at a ratio of 0.1 to 4 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the polyolefin resin. It is particularly preferable to use it at a ratio of 3 parts by weight. Adhesiveness of the solar cell encapsulating sheet is excellent when it is at least the above lower limit. Moreover, the balance with the cost and performance of a solar cell sealing sheet is excellent in it being below the said upper limit.
- the crosslinking aid in this embodiment is effective for promoting the crosslinking reaction and increasing the degree of crosslinking of the polyolefin resin.
- the crosslinking aid conventionally known ones generally used for olefin resins can be mentioned.
- Such a crosslinking aid is a compound having two or more double bonds in the molecule.
- monoacrylates such as t-butyl acrylate, lauryl acrylate, cetyl acrylate, stearyl acrylate, 2-methoxyethyl acrylate, ethyl carbitol acrylate, methoxytripropylene glycol acrylate; t-butyl methacrylate, lauryl methacrylate, cetyl methacrylate
- Monomethacrylates such as stearyl methacrylate, methoxyethylene glycol methacrylate, methoxypolyethylene glycol methacrylate; 1,4-butanediol diacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, 1,9-nonanediol diacrylate, neopentyl glycol diacrylate , Diethylene glycol diacrylate, tetraethylene glycol diacrylate Diacrylates such as polyethylene glycol diacrylate, tripropylene glycol diacrylate, polypropylene glycol diacrylate; 1,3
- a diallyl compound such as diallyl phthalate; a triallyl compound; an oxime such as p-quinonedioxime and pp′-dibenzoylquinonedioxime; and a maleimide such as phenylmaleimide.
- triacrylates such as diacrylate, dimethacrylate, divinyl aromatic compound, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, tetramethylolmethane triacrylate, pentaerythritol triacrylate; trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate , Trimethacrylates such as trimethylolethane trimethacrylate; tetraacrylates such as pentaerythritol tetraacrylate and tetramethylolmethane tetraacrylate; cyanurates such as triallyl cyanurate and triallyl isocyanurate; diallyl compounds such as diallyl phthalate; triallyl compound: p -Oximes such as quinonedioxime and pp'-dibenzoylquinonedioxime: phenylmale Maleimide such as imide.
- triacrylates such as diacrylate, dimethacrylate, divinyl aromatic compound, trimethylolpropane tri
- triallyl isocyanurate is particularly preferable, and the balance between the generation of bubbles and the crosslinking property of the solar cell encapsulating sheet after lamination is most excellent.
- crosslinking aids may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the addition amount of the crosslinking aid varies depending on the kind of the crosslinking aid, it is preferably used at a ratio of 0.05 to 5 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the polyolefin resin.
- the addition amount of the crosslinking aid is within the above range, an appropriate crosslinking structure can be obtained, and heat resistance, mechanical properties, and adhesiveness can be improved.
- UV absorber Specific examples of ultraviolet absorbers in the present embodiment include 2-hydroxy-4-normal-octyloxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4methoxybenzophenone, 2,2-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy- Benzophenones such as 4-methoxy-4-carboxybenzophenone and 2-hydroxy-4-N-octoxybenzophenone; 2- (2-hydroxy-3,5-di-t-butylphenyl) benzotriazole, 2- (2 Benzotrializoles such as -hydroxy-5-methylphenyl) benzotriazole; salicylic acid esters such as phenylsulcylate and p-octylphenylsulcylate are used. These ultraviolet absorbers may be used alone or in a combination of two or more.
- the addition amount of the ultraviolet absorber varies depending on the type of the ultraviolet absorber, it is preferably used at a ratio of 0.005 to 5 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the polyolefin resin.
- the addition amount of the ultraviolet absorber is in the above range, the effect of improving the weather resistance stability is sufficiently secured, and the transparency of the solar cell sealing sheet and the glass, back sheet, cell, electrode, aluminum It is preferable because a decrease in adhesiveness can be prevented.
- Light stabilizer examples include bis (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) sebacate, poly [ ⁇ 6- (1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl) amino- 1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diyl ⁇ ⁇ (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) imino ⁇ hexamethylene ⁇ (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4- Hindered amine type and hindered piperidine type compounds such as piperidyl) imino ⁇ ] are preferably used. These light stabilizers may be used alone or in a combination of two or more.
- the amount of the light stabilizer added varies depending on the type of the light stabilizer, but it is preferably used at a ratio of 0.005 to 5 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the polyolefin resin.
- the addition amount of the light stabilizer is in the above range, the effect of improving the weather resistance stability is sufficiently ensured, and the transparency of the solar cell sealing sheet and the glass, back sheet, cell, electrode, aluminum and This is preferable because it can prevent a decrease in adhesiveness.
- Heat resistance stabilizer Specific examples of the heat resistance stabilizer in this embodiment include tris (2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite and bis [2,4-bis (1,1-dimethylethyl) -6-methyl.
- the addition amount of the heat stabilizer varies depending on the kind of the heat stabilizer, it is preferably used at a ratio of 0.005 to 5 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the polyolefin resin.
- the addition amount of the heat stabilizer is within the above range, the effect of improving the resistance to high temperature and high humidity, heat cycle resistance and heat stability is sufficiently secured, and the transparency of the solar cell encapsulating sheet is ensured. Further, it is possible to prevent a decrease in adhesiveness with glass, a back sheet, a cell, an electrode, and aluminum.
- additives other than the additives described above can be appropriately contained in the additive of the present embodiment as long as the object of the present invention is not impaired.
- various resins other than polyolefin resins, various rubbers, plasticizers, fillers, pigments, dyes, antioxidants, antistatic agents, antibacterial agents, antifungal agents, flame retardants, crosslinking aids, light diffusing agents, discoloration One or more additives selected from an inhibitor, a dispersant and the like can be appropriately added.
- pellets mainly composed of polyolefin resin The method for producing pellets mainly composed of the polyolefin resin in the present embodiment is not particularly limited.
- the polyolefin resin is melt-kneaded and extruded into a strand shape or a sheet shape by a single screw or twin screw extruder, Examples thereof include a method obtained by cutting into pellets to obtain a predetermined particle size using a pelletizer.
- the average particle size of the pellets is preferably in the range of 0.2 to 10 mm.
- the balance between the agitation of the pellets mainly composed of a polyolefin-based resin, which will be described later, and the impregnation time of the additives in the pellets is excellent.
- the manufacturing method of the solar cell encapsulating sheet in the present embodiment includes a step of making an additive-containing pellet by impregnating the additive A with a pellet mainly composed of a polyolefin resin, and extruding the additive-containing pellet. And a step of extruding the sheet into a sheet while being melted and kneaded in a cylinder.
- the property of the additive A to be impregnated in advance in the pellet is preferably a liquid from the viewpoint of excellent impregnation into the pellet.
- the additive A is preferably prepared in advance by dissolving or dispersing at least one solid solid additive in a liquid additive.
- a diluting solvent may be appropriately added.
- the method of dissolving or dispersing the solid additive is not particularly limited. By adding and stirring and mixing, a solution containing the additive can be prepared.
- the temperature for stirring and mixing is not particularly limited, but may be room temperature or may be heated to about 30 to 120 ° C. in order to increase the stirring efficiency. Since it can improve the melt
- the time for stirring and mixing is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to carry out until the solid additive is uniformly dissolved or dispersed visually.
- the liquid additive in the present embodiment refers to an additive that is liquid at room temperature. Although it does not specifically limit as a liquid additive in this embodiment, An organic peroxide, a silane coupling agent, and a crosslinking adjuvant correspond mainly in the additive mentioned above.
- the solid additive in the present embodiment refers to an additive that is solid at room temperature. Although it does not specifically limit as a solid additive in this embodiment, Among an additive mentioned above, a ultraviolet absorber, a heat-resistant stabilizer, and a light stabilizer correspond mainly.
- pellets mainly composed of polyolefin resin and the prepared additive A are supplied to a stirring mixer such as a Henschel mixer, a tumbler mixer, a super mixer, and a rotary mixer.
- a stirring mixer such as a Henschel mixer, a tumbler mixer, a super mixer, and a rotary mixer.
- the agitation mixer is stirred to bring the pellet mainly composed of polyolefin resin into contact with the additive A, and the additive A is impregnated into the pellet to produce an additive-containing pellet.
- the whole amount of pellets before rotating the stirring mixer.
- the total amount of the additive A may be supplied before rotating the stirring mixer, or may be supplied separately. In view of being able to uniformly impregnate with pellets, it is preferable to divide and feed the mixture into a stirring mixer.
- the motor power value of the stirrer / mixer during stirring and the motor integrated power value of the stirrer / mixer during stirring / mixing are design matters that can be determined according to the impregnation rate and the processing amount of the additive.
- the temperature of the pellet when the additive A is impregnated into the pellet mainly composed of polyolefin resin is not particularly limited, and may be room temperature or may be heated to about 30 to 50 ° C. in order to increase the impregnation rate. Absent. Since it can improve the impregnation speed
- the temperature of a pellet means the surface temperature of a pellet.
- the time for impregnating additive A into pellets mainly composed of polyolefin resin is not particularly limited because it varies depending on the amount of treatment, but is preferably 0.2 to 3 hours, more preferably 0.3 to 2 hours.
- Additive A can be sufficiently impregnated to the inside of the pellet when the amount is not less than the above lower limit. When the amount is not more than the above upper limit value, the deactivation of the additive can be further suppressed.
- Whether the pellets have been impregnated with the additive A can be confirmed by the motor power value of the stirring mixer. When the impregnation is completed, the moistness of the pellet disappears, and the power value of the motor increases rapidly. By confirming the motor power value, it is possible to confirm whether or not the impregnation of the additive is completed even with a resin having a low impregnation rate of the additive A such as a polyolefin resin.
- the additive A is impregnated in advance into a pellet mainly composed of a polyolefin-based resin, thereby suppressing the deterioration of the additive A and adding to the inside of the pellet.
- Agent A can be uniformly distributed. Therefore, the solar cell sealing sheet in which the additive A is uniformly dispersed in the sheet can be stably obtained.
- the extrusion molding machine has a hopper as a raw material supply port at the most upstream part and a die such as a T die or a ring die at the most downstream end part.
- a screw is arranged in the cylinder, and the pellets thrown into the cylinder are heated and melted by a heater arranged outside the cylinder, sent downstream by a rotating screw, and extruded from a T-die or the like into a sheet shape.
- a twin screw extruder is preferable because of excellent kneading performance.
- the additive-containing pellets are supplied from the hopper into the extruder, melt-kneaded and extruded from a die such as a T die attached to the tip of the extruder to obtain a sheet for sealing a solar cell.
- Extrusion temperature is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to melt and knead the organic peroxide used at a temperature lower than the one-hour half-life temperature and to extrude it into a sheet. By doing so, deactivation of the organic peroxide can be suppressed.
- the extrusion temperature is 100 to 130 ° C.
- seat for solar cell sealing can be improved.
- deterioration of an additive can be suppressed by making extrusion temperature below the said upper limit. Further, the gelation of the resin can be suppressed.
- V0 speed at which the thermoplastic resin is extruded from the extruder [mm ⁇ sec ⁇ 1 ]
- V1 speed to take out the sheet-shaped thermoplastic resin [mm ⁇ sec ⁇ 1 ]
- Z between the die and the cooling roll) air gap [mm] in
- Step of further adding additive B into the cylinder In the process of extruding into a sheet in the present embodiment, the same or different additive B as the additive A is further added into the cylinder between the raw material supply port and the screw tip using the liquid injection nozzle. May be. A well-known thing can be used as a liquid injection
- polyolefin resin has a slower impregnation rate of additives than polar copolymers such as ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer, so additive A that impregnates the pellets in advance with pellets and liquid injection nozzle A method of adding the additive separately to the additive B to be added is effective.
- productivity of the solar cell sealing sheet which has polyolefin resin as a main component can be improved more.
- the property of the additive B is a liquid from the viewpoint of excellent impregnation into the pellets as well as the property of the additive A.
- the amount of additive B added from the liquid injection nozzle is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.01 parts by weight or more and 10 parts by weight or less when the total amount of additive A and additive B is 100 parts by weight. 1 to 5 parts by weight is more preferable. Within the above range, the uniformity of the additive within the sheet and the balance of sheet productivity are further improved.
- the additive B injected into the cylinder does not substantially contain at least one of an organic peroxide and a silane coupling agent. Since these additives fall under the category of dangerous goods, special equipment for safety measures is required for the extruder when directly injected into the cylinder. Therefore, the production facility can be simplified by substantially not including the organic peroxide and the silane coupling agent in the additive B injected into the cylinder.
- the additive A includes at least one of an organic peroxide and a silane coupling agent as a liquid additive.
- the additive B contains a crosslinking aid.
- the crosslinking aid has a slower impregnation rate into the polyolefin-based resin than other liquid additives. Therefore, the amount of the crosslinking aid in the additive A that is impregnated into the pellets in advance can be reduced by adding the crosslinking aid to the additive B injected into the cylinder. As a result, the impregnation time of the additive A into the pellet can be shortened, and the productivity of the solar cell encapsulating sheet containing a polyolefin resin as a main component can be further improved.
- the crosslinking aid contained in the additive B is preferably 0.05% by weight or more and 5% by weight or less. 0.5 wt% or more and 3 wt% or less is more preferable.
- the impregnation time of the additive A into the pellet can be further shortened, and the productivity of the solar cell encapsulating sheet containing a polyolefin resin as a main component can be further improved.
- the manufacturing method of the sealing sheet for solar cells of this embodiment has as a main component a polyolefin resin having a weight change rate of 3% by weight or less when immersed in a liquid crosslinking aid at 150 ° C. for 3 hours.
- a polyolefin resin having a weight change rate of 3% by weight or less when immersed in a liquid crosslinking aid at 150 ° C. for 3 hours.
- This is particularly effective when pellets are used as raw materials. Since such a polyolefin resin has a particularly slow impregnation rate of the additive, the kneading of the polyolefin resin and the additive in the extruder is further insufficient, and the additive is easily segregated in the sheet. Therefore, when using such a polyolefin-type resin, the manufacturing method of the solar cell sealing sheet of this embodiment is especially effective.
- the liquid crosslinking aid used when measuring the weight change rate of the polyolefin resin relative to the crosslinking aid is, for example, triallyl isocyanurate.
- the additive passes through the extruder only once. Therefore, it can suppress that various additives deactivate by the heating in an extrusion molding machine, or the frictional heat with a screw blade, and can manufacture the sealing sheet for solar cells excellent in quality stably.
- the sheet surface is embossed after being extruded.
- the obtained solar cell encapsulating sheet is a sheet type cut according to the size of the solar cell module, or a roll type that can be cut according to the size immediately before producing the solar cell module. Can be used.
- the thickness of the solar cell encapsulating sheet in the present embodiment is not particularly limited, but is usually 0.01 to 2 mm, preferably 0.1 to 1.2 mm, more preferably 0.3 to 0.9 mm.
- the thickness is within this range, breakage of glass, solar cell elements, thin film electrodes, etc. in the laminating step can be suppressed, and a high amount of photovoltaic power can be obtained by securing sufficient light transmittance.
- the solar cell module can be laminated at a low temperature.
- the solar cell manufacturing method of the present embodiment forms a laminate with solar cells sandwiched between the solar cell encapsulating sheets of this embodiment, and the laminate is heated at 140 ° C. or higher for 200 minutes at 5 to 30 minutes. It has a sealing process in which the laminate is integrated by applying pressure to the laminated body at a pressing pressure of 0.4 atm or more and 1 atm or less while being heated at a temperature of °C or less.
- the laminated body includes, for example, a front surface side transparent protective member (eg, a glass plate), a first solar cell encapsulating sheet, a solar cell, a second solar cell encapsulating sheet, and a back surface side protecting member (for example, a back sheet obtained by laminating various sheets) may be laminated in this order. Since the structure of the front surface side transparent protective member, the solar battery cell, and the back surface side protective member can be realized according to the prior art, description thereof is omitted here.
- a front surface side transparent protective member eg, a glass plate
- a first solar cell encapsulating sheet e.g, a solar cell
- a second solar cell encapsulating sheet e.g., a back sheet obtained by laminating various sheets
- the ethylene / ⁇ -olefin copolymer normal hexane / toluene mixed solution produced in the polymerization vessel is continuously discharged through a discharge port provided at the bottom of the polymerization vessel, and the ethylene / ⁇ -olefin copolymer solution is discharged.
- the jacket portion was led to a connecting pipe heated with 3 to 25 kg / cm 2 steam so that the normal hexane / toluene mixed solution had a temperature of 150 to 190 ° C.
- a supply port for injecting methanol which is a catalyst deactivator, is attached, and methanol is injected at a rate of about 0.75 L / hr.
- the mixture was merged into a combined normal hexane / toluene mixed solution.
- the normal hexane / toluene mixed solution of the ethylene / ⁇ -olefin copolymer kept at about 190 ° C. in the connection pipe with steam jacket is subjected to pressure provided at the end of the connection pipe so as to maintain about 4.3 MPaG.
- the liquid was continuously fed to the flash tank by adjusting the opening of the control valve.
- the solution temperature and the pressure adjustment valve opening are set so that the pressure in the flash tank is about 0.1 MPaG and the temperature of the vapor part in the flash tank is maintained at about 180 ° C. It was broken. Thereafter, the strand was cooled in a water tank through a single screw extruder set at a die temperature of 180 ° C., and the strand was cut with a pellet cutter to obtain an ethylene / ⁇ -olefin copolymer as pellets. The yield was 2.2 kg / hr. The physical properties of the obtained ethylene / ⁇ -olefin copolymer 1 are shown below.
- the impregnated pellets were supplied to the raw material supply port of the twin screw extruder using a weight type feeder. Furthermore, the additive B was supplied to the liquid addition nozzle attached to the intermediate part between the raw material supply port and the screw tip using a plunger pump, and the additive was injected into the cylinder from the liquid addition nozzle. At this time, the addition amount was adjusted so that the addition amount of the liquid was 1 part with respect to 100 parts of the resin.
- a T-die was attached to the extruder, and the extruded molten sheet was cooled and solidified with a cooling roll and then wound up. The distance from the T die to the cooling roll was 300 mm.
- the supply rate of the impregnated pellets was 20 kg / H, and a resin sheet having a thickness of 0.5 mm was obtained.
- the resin temperature at the T-die outlet was 103 ° C. Note that ⁇ d [sec ⁇ 1 ], V 0 [mm ⁇ sec ⁇ 1 ], V 1 [mm ⁇ sec ⁇ 1 ], and Z [mm] were adjusted so as to satisfy the above-described relationship of d ⁇ / dt ⁇ d . .
- Impregnation was performed in the same manner as in Example 1, and the impregnated pellets were supplied to a twin screw extruder.
- the resin temperature at the T-die outlet was 108 ° C. Note that ⁇ d [sec ⁇ 1 ], V 0 [mm ⁇ sec ⁇ 1 ], V 1 [mm ⁇ sec ⁇ 1 ], and Z [mm] were adjusted so as to satisfy the above-described relationship of d ⁇ / dt ⁇ d . .
- ⁇ Comparative Example 1> Sheet making process 25 parts by weight of organic peroxide (2-ethylhexanoxycarbonyl-tert-butyl peroxide), 25 parts by weight of silane coupling agent (vinyltriethoxysilane) in an internal volume 50 L stirring tank having a stirring blade, 49 parts by weight of a crosslinking aid (triallyl isocyanurate) and 1 part by weight of an antioxidant (Irganox 1010) were blended and stirred at 35 ° C. for 2 hours to prepare a sufficiently dissolved and mixed additive C.
- organic peroxide (2-ethylhexanoxycarbonyl-tert-butyl peroxide
- silane coupling agent vinyltriethoxysilane
- a crosslinking aid triallyl isocyanurate
- an antioxidant Irganox 1010
- EVA pellets (VA 33%) were held in a 50 L inverted conical stirring vessel with a spiral ribbon blade, and 2 parts by weight of additive C was added to 100 parts by weight of the pellets. For 30 minutes. As a result, an EVA pellet in which the additive C was impregnated into an EVA pellet and dried was obtained.
- the impregnated pellets were supplied to the raw material supply port of the twin screw extruder using a weight type feeder.
- a T-die was attached to the extruder, and the extruded molten sheet was cooled and solidified with a cooling roll and then wound up.
- the supply rate of the impregnated pellets was 20 kg / H, and a resin sheet having a thickness of 0.5 mm was obtained.
- the resin temperature at the T-die outlet was 110 ° C. Note that ⁇ d [sec ⁇ 1 ], V0 [mm ⁇ sec ⁇ 1 ], V1 [mm ⁇ sec ⁇ 1 ], and Z [mm] are adjusted so as not to satisfy the above-described relationship of d ⁇ / dt ⁇ d. did.
- Example 1 contracts approximately isotropically, but Comparative Example 1 contracts anisotropically. All of the illustrated examples 1 satisfy 0 ⁇
- Example 1 illustrated satisfies 0.3 ⁇ M1 / L ⁇ 1 and 0.3 ⁇ M2 / L ⁇ 1, and all of Comparative Examples 1 illustrated include 0.3 ⁇ M1 / L. ⁇ 1 and 0.3 ⁇ M2 / L ⁇ 1 were not satisfied.
- MD is the machine direction, that is, the direction in which the sheet is wound.
- TD is a direction perpendicular to MD.
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Abstract
Description
本実施形態では、第1条件(大気圧下、150℃、15分間)で加熱した際に異方的に収縮すると生じうる、太陽電池用封止シートのカット形状設計時の手間等の不都合を軽減するために、同条件で加熱した場合、略等方的に収縮する太陽電池用封止シートを提供する。
本実施形態の太陽電池用封止シートを平面形状が正方形になるようにカットして得られた正方形状シートを、第1条件(大気圧下、150℃、15分間)で加熱して熱収縮させた場合、
熱収縮前の正方形状シートの一辺の長さをL(100mm≦L≦150mm)、第1の辺(4つの辺の中の任意の一辺)に平行な方向を第1の方向、第1の辺に垂直な方向を第2の方向とし、
熱収縮後の正方形状シートにおける第1の方向の最短長さをM1、第2の方向の最短長さをM2とすると、
0≦|(M1-M2)/L|≦0.4、を満たす。
次に、本実施形態の太陽電池用封止シートの製造方法の一例を説明する。例えば以下のシート製造方法を用いて太陽電池用封止シートを製造することで、上述のような特徴を有する本実施形態の太陽電池用封止シートが得られる。以下では、まずシート製造方法を説明し、その後、当該シート製造方法を用いて太陽電池用封止シートを製造する一例を説明する。
本発明者らは、成形されたシートがその後の加熱により寸法変化する不都合は、溶融樹脂を押出加工してシート成形する際にシートに発生する配向や応力が当該シートに残存したまま、当該シートが冷却固化されることが原因で生じると考えた。
V0は熱可塑性樹脂が押出成形機より押出される速度[mm・sec-1]であり、V1はシート状の熱可塑性樹脂(樹脂シート30)を引き取る速度[mm・sec-1]であり、Zは熱可塑性樹脂が押出されるダイ10の出口と冷却ロール20間のエアギャップ[mm]である。なお、V0は押出される熱可塑性樹脂の体積速度をリップ断面積で割ることにより、V1はロール20の回転周速度として、それぞれ求められる。
Geometry:パラレルプレート
測定温度:120℃(融点以上の温度)
周波数:0.01~100rad/sec
歪率:1.0%
次に、上記シート製造方法を用いた太陽電池封止用シートの製造方法について説明する。本実施形態の太陽電池封止用シートは、熱可塑性樹脂と、少なくとも1つの添加剤とを含む。まず、材料について説明する。
熱可塑性樹脂の種類は特段制限されず、例えば、ポリオレフィン系樹脂や、エチレン-酢酸ビニル共重合体樹脂とすることができる。しかし、これらのうち、ポリオレフィン系樹脂とするのが好ましい。以下、この理由を説明する。
本実施形態におけるポリオレフィン系樹脂としてはとくに限定はされないが、例えば、低密度エチレン系樹脂、中密度エチレン系樹脂、超低密度エチレン系樹脂、プロピレン(共)重合体、1-ブテン(共)重合体、4-メチルペンテン-1(共)重合体、エチレン・α-オレフィン共重合体、エチレン・環状オレフィン共重合体、エチレン・α-オレフィン・環状オレフィン共重合体、エチレン・α-オレフィン・非共役ポリエン共重合体、エチレン・α-オレフィン・共役ポリエン共重合体、エチレン・芳香族ビニル共重合体、エチレン・α-オレフィン・芳香族ビニル共重合体などが挙げられる。これらのポリオレフィン系樹脂は1種単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を混合して用いてもよい。
本実施形態におけるエチレンおよび炭素数3~20のα-オレフィンからなるエチレン・α-オレフィン共重合体は、例えば、エチレンと、炭素数3~20のα-オレフィンとを共重合することによって得られる。α-オレフィンとしては、通常、炭素数3~20のα-オレフィンを1種類単独でまたは2種類以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。中でも好ましいのは、炭素数が10以下であるα-オレフィンであり、とくに好ましいのは炭素数が3~8のα-オレフィンである。
a1)エチレンに由来する構成単位の含有割合が80~90mol%であるとともに、炭素数3~20のα-オレフィンに由来する構成単位の含有割合が10~20mol%である。
a2)ASTM D1238に準拠し、190℃、2.16kg荷重の条件で測定されるMFRが0.1~50g/10分である。
a3)ASTM D1505に準拠して測定される密度が0.865~0.884g/cm3である。
a4)ASTM D2240に準拠して測定されるショアA硬度が60~85である。
本実施形態における添加剤としてはとくに限定されないが、太陽電池用封止シートに一般的に用いられる添加剤の中から適宜選択して用いられる。太陽電池用封止シートに一般的に用いられる添加剤としては、例えば、有機過酸化物、シランカップリング剤、架橋助剤、紫外線吸収剤、耐熱安定剤、光安定化剤などが挙げられる。
本実施形態における有機過酸化物は、シランカップリング剤と、ポリオレフィン系樹脂とのグラフト変性の際のラジカル開始剤として、さらには、ポリオレフィン系樹脂の太陽電池モジュールのラミネート成形時の架橋反応の際のラジカル開始剤として用いられる。ポリオレフィン系樹脂に、シランカップリング剤をグラフト変性することにより、ガラス、バックシート、セル、電極との接着性が良好な太陽電池モジュールが得られる。さらに、ポリオレフィン系樹脂を架橋することにより、耐熱性、接着性に優れた太陽電池モジュールを得ることができる。
本実施形態におけるシランカップリング剤は、保護材や太陽電池素子などに対する接着性を向上させるのに有用である。例えば、アミノ基またはエポキシ基とともに、アルコキシ基のような加水分解可能な基を有する化合物を挙げることができる。具体的には、ビニルトリエトキシシラン、ビニルトリメトキシシラン、ビニルトリス(β-メトキシエトキシシラン)、γ-グリシドキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン、γ-アミノプロピルトリエトキシシラン、γ-メタクリロキシプロピルトリメトキシシランなどが使用できる。好ましくは、接着性が良好なγ-グリシドキシプロピルメトキシシラン、γ-アミノプロピルトリエトキシシラン、γ-メタクリロキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン、ビニルトリエトキシシランが挙げられる。これらのシランカップリング剤は1種単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を混合して用いてもよい。
本実施形態における架橋助剤は、架橋反応を促進させ、ポリオレフィン系樹脂の架橋度を高めるのに有効である。例えば、架橋助剤としては、オレフィン系樹脂に対して一般に使用される従来公知のものが挙げられる。このような架橋助剤は、分子内に二重結合を二個以上有する化合物である。具体的には、t-ブチルアクリレート、ラウリルアクリレート、セチルアクリレート、ステアリルアクリレート、2-メトキシエチルアクリレート、エチルカルビトールアクリレート、メトキシトリプロピレングリコールアクリレートなどのモノアクリレート;t-ブチルメタクリレート、ラウリルメタクリレート、セチルメタクリレート、ステアリルメタクリレート、メトキシエチレングリコールメタクリレート、メトキシポリエチレングリコールメタクリレートなどのモノメタクリレート;1,4-ブタンジオールジアクリレート、1,6-ヘキサンジオールジアクリレート、1,9-ノナンジオールジアクリレート、ネオペンチルグリコールジアクリレート、ジエチレングリコールジアクリレート、テトラエチレングリコールジアクリレート、ポリエチレングリコールジアクリレート、トリプロピレングリコールジアクリレート、ポリプロピレングリコールジアクリレートなどのジアクリレート;1,3-ブタンジオールジメタクリレート、1,6-ヘキサンジオールジメタクリレート、1,9-ノナンジオールジメタクリレートネオペンチルグリコールジメタクリレート、エチレングリコールジメタクリレート、ジエチレングリコールジメタクリレート、トリエチレングリコールジメタクリレート、ポリエチレングリコールジメタクリレートなどのジメタクリレート;トリメチロールプロパントリアクリレート、テトラメチロールメタントリアクリレート、ペンタエリスリトールトリアクリレートなどのトリアクリレート;トリメチロールプロパントリメタクリレート、トリメチロールエタントリメタクリレートなどのトリメタクリレート;ペンタエリスリトールテトラアクリレート、テトラメチロールメタンテトラアクリレートなどのテトラアクリレート;ジビニルベンゼン、ジ-i-プロペニルベンゼンなどのジビニル芳香族化合物;トリアリルシアヌレート、トリアリルイソシアヌレートなどのシアヌレート;ジアリルフタレートなどのジアリル化合物;トリアリル化合物;p-キノンジオキシム、p-p'-ジベンゾイルキノンジオキシムなどのオキシム:フェニルマレイミドなどのマレイミドが挙げられる。
本実施形態における紫外線吸収剤としては、具体的には、2-ヒドロキシ-4-ノルマル-オクチルオキシベンゾフェノン、2-ヒドロキシ-4メトキシベンゾフェノン、2,2-ジヒドロキシ-4-メトキシベンゾフェノン、2-ヒドロキシ-4-メトキシ-4-カルボキシベンゾフェノン、2-ヒドロキシ-4-N-オクトキシベンゾフェノンなどのベンゾフェノン系;2-(2-ヒドロキシ-3,5-ジ-t-ブチルフェニル)ベンゾトリアゾール、2-(2-ヒドロキシ-5-メチルフェニル)ベンゾトリアゾールなどのベンゾトリアリゾール系;フェニルサルチレート、p-オクチルフェニルサルチレートなどのサリチル酸エステル系のものが用いられる。これらの紫外線吸収剤は1種単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を混合して用いてもよい。
本実施形態における光安定化剤としては、ビス(2,2,6,6-テトラメチル-4-ピペリジル)セバケート、ポリ[{6-(1,1,3,3-テトラメチルブチル)アミノ-1,3,5-トリアジン-2,4-ジイル}{(2,2,6,6-テトラメチル-4-ピペリジル)イミノ}ヘキサメチレン{(2,2,6,6-テトラメチル-4-ピペリジル)イミノ}]などのヒンダードアミン型、ヒンダードピペリジン型化合物などが好ましく使用される。これらの光安定化剤は1種単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を混合して用いてもよい。
本実施形態における耐熱安定剤としては、具体的には、トリス(2,4-ジ-tert-ブチルフェニル)ホスファイト、ビス[2,4-ビス(1,1-ジメチルエチル)-6-メチルフェニル]エチルエステル亜リン酸、テトラキス(2,4-ジ-tert-ブチルフェニル)[1,1-ビフェニル]-4,4'-ジイルビスホスフォナイト、およびビス(2,4-ジ-tert-ブチルフェニル)ペンタエリスリトールジホスファイトなどのホスファイト系耐熱安定剤;3-ヒドロキシ-5,7-ジ-tert-ブチル-フラン-2-オンとo-キシレンとの反応生成物などのラクトン系耐熱安定剤;3,3',3",5,5',5"-ヘキサ-tert-ブチル-a,a',a"-(メチレン-2,4,6-トリイル)トリ-p-クレゾール、1,3,5-トリメチル-2,4,6-トリス(3,5-ジ-tert-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)ベンジルベンゼン、ペンタエリスリトールテトラキス[3-(3,5-ジ-tert-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロピオネート]、オクタデシル-3-(3,5-ジ-tert-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロピオネート、チオジエチレンビス[3-(3,5-ジ-tert-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロピオネート]などのヒンダードフェノール系耐熱安定剤;硫黄系耐熱安定剤;アミン系耐熱安定剤などを挙げることができる。これらの中でも、ホスファイト型耐熱安定剤、およびヒンダードフェノール型耐熱安定剤が好ましい。これらの耐熱安定剤は1種単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を混合して用いてもよい。
本実施形態の添加剤には、以上述べた添加剤以外の各種添加剤を、本発明の目的を損なわない範囲において、適宜含有させることができる。例えば、ポリオレフィン系樹脂以外の各種樹脂、各種ゴム、可塑剤、充填剤、顔料、染料、酸化防止剤、帯電防止剤、抗菌剤、防黴剤、難燃剤、架橋助剤、光拡散剤、変色防止剤および分散剤などから選ばれる一種以上の添加剤を適宜添加することができる。
本実施形態におけるポリオレフィン系樹脂を主成分とするペレットの製造方法はとくに限定はされないが、例えば、一軸または二軸押出成形機により、ポリオレフィン系樹脂を溶融混練してストランド状またはシート状に押し出し、ペレタイザを用いて、所定の粒度となるようにペレット状に切断して得る方法などが挙げられる。なお、ペレットには、あらかじめ上述した添加剤を本発明の目的を損なわない範囲において、適宜含有させてもよい。
つづいて、製造方法について説明する。
ペレットにあらかじめ含浸させる添加剤Aの性状は、ペレットへの含浸性が優れる点から液状であることが好ましい。
つぎに、ポリオレフィン系樹脂を主成分とするペレットに添加剤Aを含浸させることにより添加剤含有ペレットを作製する工程について説明する。
つづいて、上記添加剤含有ペレットを押出成形機に供給してシリンダ内で溶融混練させながら、シート状に押出成形する工程について説明する。
本実施形態におけるシート状に押出成形する工程において、液体注入ノズルを用いて原料供給口からスクリュー先端までの間のシリンダ内へ、上記添加剤Aと同じ種類または異なる種類の添加剤Bをさらに添加してもよい。液体注入ノズルとしては、公知のものが使用できる。
(エチレン・α-オレフィン共重合体の合成)
(合成例1)
撹拌羽根を備えた内容積50Lの連続重合器の一つの供給口に、共触媒としてメチルアルミノキサンのトルエン溶液を8.0mmol/hr、主触媒としてビス(1,3-ジメチルシクロペンタジエニル)ジルコニウムジクロライドのヘキサンスラリーを0.025mmol/hr、トリイソブチルアルミニウムのヘキサン溶液を0.5mmol/hrの割合で供給し、触媒溶液と重合溶媒として用いる脱水精製したノルマルヘキサンの合計が20L/hrとなるように脱水精製したノルマルヘキサンを連続的に供給した。同時に重合器の別の供給口に、エチレンを3kg/hr、1-ブテンを15kg/hr、水素を5NL/hrの割合で連続供給し、重合温度90℃、全圧3MPaG、滞留時間1.0時間の条件下で連続溶液重合を行った。重合器で生成したエチレン・α-オレフィン共重合体のノルマルヘキサン/トルエン混合溶液は、重合器の底部に設けられた排出口を介して連続的に排出させ、エチレン・α-オレフィン共重合体のノルマルヘキサン/トルエン混合溶液が150~190℃となるように、ジャケット部が3~25kg/cm2スチームで加熱された連結パイプに導いた。
攪拌翼を持つ内容積50Lの第1攪拌槽にて有機過酸化物(2ーエチルへキサノキシカルボニルーtーブチルパーオキサイド)を50重量部、シランカップリング剤(ビニルトリエトキシシラン)を50重量部配合、常温にて30min攪拌し、十分に攪拌混合された添加剤Aを調合した。
(合成例2)
合成例1の1-ブテン、水素、ノルマルヘキサン供給量を調整し、エチレン・α-オレフィン共重合体2を得た。得られたエチレン・α-オレフィン共重合体2の物性を以下に示す。
エチレン/1-ブテン=86/14(mol/mol)、密度=0.87g/cm3、MFR(ASTM D1238、190℃、2.16kg荷重)=5.4g/10分、ショアA硬度=70。
実施例1と同様の含浸を行い、含浸ペレットを二軸押出機に供給した。Tダイ出口の樹脂温度は108℃であった。なお、上述したdε/dt<ωdの関係を満たすように、ωd[sec-1]、V0[mm・sec-1]、V1[mm・sec-1]、Z[mm]を調整した。
(シート化工程)
攪拌翼を持つ内容積50L攪拌槽にて有機過酸化物(2ーエチルへキサノキシカルボニルーtーブチルパーオキサイド)を25重量部、シランカップリング剤(ビニルトリエトキシシラン)を25重量部、架橋助剤(トリアリルイソシアヌレート)49重量部、酸化防止剤(イルガノックス1010)を1重量部配合し、35℃にて2hr攪拌することにより、十分に溶解混合した添加剤Cを調合した。
(シート化工程)
実施例2と同様の含浸を行い、含浸ペレットを二軸押出機に供給した。なお、Tダイから冷却ロールまでの距離を100mmで行った。Tダイ出口の樹脂温度は108℃であった。なお、上述したdε/dt<ωdの関係を満たさないように、ωd[sec-1]、V0[mm・sec-1]、V1[mm・sec-1]、Z[mm]を調整した。
実施例1、2及び比較例1、2のシート各々を、平面形状が100mm×100mm(L=100mm)の正方形状となるようにカットして、正方形状シートを得た。その後、当該正方形状シートを、ホットプレートを用いて、大気圧下で、150℃、15分間の加熱処理を行った。その後、パウダーを分散させた平坦面に正方形状シートを載置し、放置して室温まで自然放冷した。
Claims (7)
- 太陽電池セルを封止するためのシートであって、
前記シートを平面形状が正方形になるようにカットして得られた正方形状シートを、大気圧下、150℃で15分間加熱して熱収縮させた場合、
熱収縮前の前記正方形状シートの一辺の長さをL、第1の前記辺に平行な方向を第1の方向、前記第1の辺に垂直な方向を第2の方向とし、
熱収縮後の前記正方形状シートにおける前記第1の方向の最短長さをM1、前記第2の方向の最短長さをM2とすると、
0≦|(M1-M2)/L|≦0.4、を満たす太陽電池用封止シート。 - 請求項1に記載の太陽電池用封止シートにおいて、
ポリオレフィン樹脂を成膜して得られたシートである太陽電池用封止シート。 - 請求項2に記載の太陽電池用封止シートにおいて、
0.3≦M1/L≦1、及び、0.3≦M2/L≦1を満たす太陽電池用封止シート。 - 請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載の太陽電池用封止シートにおいて、
前記正方形状シートは、100mm≦L≦150mmを満たす太陽電池用封止シート。 - 請求項1から4のいずれか1項に記載の太陽電池用封止シートを用いて、太陽電池セルを封止した太陽電池。
- 請求項1から4のいずれか1項に記載の太陽電池用封止シートで、太陽電池セルを挟み込んだ積層体を形成するとともに、前記積層体を、加熱及び加圧して一体化する封止工程を有する太陽電池の製造方法。
- 請求項6に記載の太陽電池の製造方法において、
前記封止工程では、5分間以上30分間以下、140℃以上200℃以下で加熱しながら、0.4気圧以上1気圧以下のプレス圧力で前記積層体に圧力を加える太陽電池の製造方法。
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JP2020015249A (ja) * | 2018-07-26 | 2020-01-30 | 凸版印刷株式会社 | 保護フィルムおよびシート |
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