WO2013088829A1 - 植物育成照明装置 - Google Patents

植物育成照明装置

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Publication number
WO2013088829A1
WO2013088829A1 PCT/JP2012/076554 JP2012076554W WO2013088829A1 WO 2013088829 A1 WO2013088829 A1 WO 2013088829A1 JP 2012076554 W JP2012076554 W JP 2012076554W WO 2013088829 A1 WO2013088829 A1 WO 2013088829A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
light
light source
plant
red
irradiated
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2012/076554
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
山田　真
石渡　正紀
青木　慎一
Original Assignee
パナソニック株式会社
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by パナソニック株式会社 filed Critical パナソニック株式会社
Priority to CN201280055430.2A priority Critical patent/CN103929944B/zh
Publication of WO2013088829A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013088829A1/ja

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00—Botany in general
    • A01G7/04—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth
    • A01G7/045—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth with electric lighting

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a plant-growing lighting device that regulates plant growth.
  • Reference 2 Japanese Patent Publication No. 2007-282544
  • a solanaceous plant especially tomato
  • a method for increasing the fruit sugar content of the plant by irradiation has been proposed.
  • the method proposed in Document 1 is mainly for advancing the flowering time of plants and is not necessarily considered to promote plant growth.
  • the method proposed in Document 2 increases the sugar content of the fruit and is not necessarily considered to promote the growth of plants, and is a method limited to solanaceous plants, so that it can be applied to other plants. It may not be possible.
  • This invention solves the said subject, and aims at providing the plant growth lighting apparatus which can promote the growth of a plant by irradiating the light from an artificial light source to a plant.
  • the plant growth lighting device of the present invention includes a light source that irradiates light to a plant, a first light source that irradiates light including a red light component in a wavelength range of 610 to 680 nm, and a far red color in a wavelength range of 685 to 780 nm.
  • a second light source that emits light including a light component; a control unit that controls an irradiation operation of the first light source and the second light source; and the first light source and the second light source for the control unit.
  • a time setting unit for setting a time zone for performing the irradiation operation wherein the time setting unit has an irradiance of 0.005 W / m 2 or more in a time zone in which the first light source sandwiches sunset, and 0. Irradiation operation is performed at a daily integrated irradiance of 015 kJ / m 2 or more, and then the second light source emits irradiance of 0.02 W / m 2 or more and 0.21 kJ / m for 3 hours or more in the time period until sunrise. It is set to irradiate with a daily integrated irradiance of 2 or more.
  • the integrated irradiance of light that the first light source irradiates in the time zone before sunset is greater than the integrated irradiance of light that the first light source irradiates in the time zone after sunset. It is preferable to control so that it may decrease.
  • the integrated irradiance of light irradiated by the first light source is controlled to be smaller than the integrated irradiance of light irradiated by the second light source.
  • the ratio of the cumulative irradiance of light irradiated by the first light source to the cumulative irradiance of light irradiated by the second light source is 0.05: 9.95 to 4.5. : It is preferable to be controlled to be 5.5.
  • the plant is irradiated with light containing a red light component in a time zone sandwiching sunset, and then irradiated with light containing a far red light component, thereby promoting the growth of the plant.
  • FIG. 1 It is a side view which shows an example of the state by which the 1st light source and 2nd light source of the plant growth lighting apparatus in embodiment of this invention are arrange
  • FIG. 1 It is a top view which shows an example of the state by which the 1st light source and 2nd light source of the plant growth lighting apparatus in embodiment of this invention were arrange
  • FIG. It is a figure which shows the light irradiation pattern of the plant growth lighting apparatus in Example 1.
  • FIG. It is a figure which shows the light irradiation pattern in the comparative example 1.
  • FIG. It is a figure which shows the light irradiation pattern of the plant growth lighting apparatus in the comparative example 2.
  • FIG. 1 The ratio (first integrated irradiance ratio) between the integrated irradiance of light irradiated by the first light source before sunset in the plant growing lighting device and the integrated irradiance of light irradiated by the light source after sunset, and chrysanthemum It is a figure which shows the relationship with the growth rate of a.
  • FIG. It is a figure which shows the light irradiation pattern of the plant growth lighting apparatus in Example 2.
  • FIG. It is a figure which shows the light irradiation pattern in the comparative example 6.
  • FIG. It is a figure which shows the yield of the strawberry by Example 2 and Comparative Example 6.
  • a plant growth lighting device (hereinafter referred to as a lighting device) according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
  • This lighting device promotes the growth of plants (especially flowers and fruits and vegetables) in a completely closed plant seedling production system, facility cultivation such as an agricultural vinyl house or glass house, or outdoor cultivation. .
  • the illuminating device 1 is provided with the 1st light source 2 and the 2nd light source 3 as a light source which irradiates light with respect to the plant P planted in the fence F.
  • the first light source 2 emits light containing a red light component
  • the second light source 3 emits light containing a far red light component.
  • the red light component from the first light source 2 has a wavelength region of 610 to 680 nm
  • the far red light component from the second light source 3 has a wavelength region of 685 to 780 nm.
  • These light sources 2 and 3 are disposed above the plant P.
  • the irradiation operation of the light sources 2 and 3 is controlled by the control unit 4.
  • the time zone in which the control unit 4 operates is set by the time setting unit 5.
  • the light sources 2 and 3 and the time setting unit 5 are electrically connected to the control unit 4 through distribution lines 6 respectively.
  • the first light source 2 includes a light emitter 21 and a red light filter 22 that mainly transmits a red light component of the light emitted from the light emitter 21.
  • the light emitter 21 is configured by, for example, a red LED that emits red light, a red fluorescent lamp, a red EL element, or an incandescent lamp or HID lamp (such as a high-pressure sodium lamp or a xenon lamp) that emits light including red light.
  • the red light filter 22 is configured by, for example, an optical filter subjected to color resin, color glass, or optical multilayer film processing.
  • the first light source 2 is a 0.005 W / m 2 or more irradiance, and irradiates light to the plant P in 0.015kJ / m 2 or more integrated irradiance per day.
  • the irradiance is measured using a Leica light meter Li-250 and a sensor Li-190SA.
  • the first light source 2 may not have the far red light filter 22. .
  • the second light source 3 includes a light emitter 31 and a far red light filter 32 that mainly transmits a far red light component of the light emitted from the light emitter 31.
  • the light emitter 31 is, for example, a far-red LED that emits far-red light, a far-red fluorescent lamp, a far-red EL element, or an incandescent lamp or HID lamp (such as a high-pressure sodium lamp or xenon lamp) that emits light containing far-red light. Composed.
  • the far-red light filter 32 is configured by, for example, an optical filter that has been subjected to color resin, color glass, or optical multilayer film processing.
  • the second light source 3 irradiates the plant P with light having an irradiance of 0.02 W / m 2 or more and an integrated irradiance of 0.21 kJ / m 2 or more per day. Note that when the light emitter 31 is configured to irradiate light mainly having a wavelength region of 685 to 780 nm, the second light source 3 may not include the far red light filter 32.
  • the control unit 4 includes a microcomputer, a relay, a switch, and the like, and has a light control device that adjusts the irradiance of light emitted from the light sources 2 and 3.
  • a light control apparatus is comprised by the light controller, for example, and adjusts irradiance electrically.
  • the time setting unit 5 is constituted by a timer, a microcomputer, etc., and causes the light sources 2 and 3 to irradiate at a time preset by the user.
  • FIG. 2 shows a state in one day (24 hours) from before sunset to after sunrise.
  • the time setting unit 5 shows that the light including red light from the first light source 2 is sunlight. Irradiation is performed in a time zone sandwiching the sun, and thereafter, light including far-red light from the second light source 3 is set to be irradiated for 3 hours or more in the time zone until sunrise.
  • the red light irradiation from the first light source 2 and the far red light irradiation from the second light source 3 are normally performed continuously, but may overlap each other for a short time (for example, several minutes). There may be blanks.
  • each of the light sources 2 and 3 has one casing as shown in FIG. 7 is preferably housed together.
  • the housing 7 is preferably formed of a material having high thermal conductivity and excellent heat dissipation and high light reflectivity, for example, a metal material such as aluminum or stainless steel.
  • the red light filter 22 is configured to have spectral transmittance with respect to light having a wavelength in the range of about 590 to 710 nm (curve A), for example. Is the highest for light of about 660 nm. Further, the far-red light filter 32 is configured to have spectral transmittance with respect to light having a wavelength of about 690 nm or more (curve B).
  • the light C emitted from the first light source 2 constituted by the fluorescent lamp (the light emitter 21) and the red light filter 22 has the highest light intensity at a wavelength of about 660 nm, for example.
  • the light D emitted from the first light source 2 constituted by the red LED (light emitter 21) has the highest light intensity at a wavelength of about 630 nm, for example.
  • the light E emitted from the second light source 3 composed of the fluorescent lamp (light emitter 31) and the far red light filter 32 has the highest light intensity at a wavelength of about 740 nm, for example.
  • the light G emitted from the second light source 3 configured by the far red LED (light emitter 31) has the highest light intensity at a wavelength of about 735 nm, for example.
  • the light sources 2 and 3 are usually arranged above the plant P.
  • the plant P is tall or has many branches and leaves, there is a possibility that a sufficient amount of light cannot be irradiated to the lower part or the inner part of the plant P only by the light sources 2 and 3 disposed above. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 6, in addition to the upper first light source 2a and the upper second light source 3a (hereinafter referred to as the upper light sources 2a and 3a) disposed above the plant P, the side or lower side of the plant P Alternatively, the light sources 2 and 3 may be arranged.
  • a side first light source 2b and a side second light source 3b are arranged on the side of the plant P, and a lower first light source 2c and A lower second light source 3c (hereinafter referred to as lower light sources 2c and 3c) is arranged.
  • each of the upper light sources 2a and 3a, the side light sources 2b and 3b, and the lower light sources 2c and 3c is movable vertically and horizontally depending on the size of the plant P (for example, the type and growth state of the plant P).
  • it may be fixed by a frame member that surrounds the periphery of the plant P.
  • the present invention is not limited to this, and the frame members may be divided, and the upper light sources 2a and 3a, the side light sources 2b and 3b, and the lower light sources 2c and 3c may be fixed by corresponding frame members. .
  • the plant P can be irradiated with a sufficient amount of light from the light sources 2 and 3.
  • the attachment angles of the side light sources 2b and 3b and the lower light sources 2c and 3c can be adjusted so that light can be applied to the plant P at an arbitrary angle.
  • FIG. 7 shows the arrangement of the upper light sources 2a and 3a, the side light sources 2b and 3b, and the lower light sources 2c and 3c with respect to the plant P when viewed from above.
  • the light sources 2 and 3 are shown as one member.
  • the upper light sources 2a and 3a are arranged so as to be substantially parallel to the direction Y (the direction in which the plants P are continuous) in which the ridges F extend, and a plurality of the upper light sources 2a and 3a are arranged at predetermined intervals in the directions X and Y.
  • the side light sources 2b and 3b are waterproofed by being covered with a cylinder or the like, arranged so as to be substantially parallel to the direction Y in which the heel F extends, and in the direction X and the direction Y of the region between the heel F A plurality are arranged at predetermined intervals.
  • the lower light sources 2c and 3c are waterproofed by being covered with a cylinder or the like, arranged so as to be substantially parallel to the direction Y in which the ridge F extends, and in the direction X and the direction Y on the ground between the ridges F. A plurality are arranged at predetermined intervals.
  • the lower light sources 2c and 3c may be attached so as to irradiate light near the root of the plant P (near the cocoon F).
  • the attachment positions of the lower light sources 2c and 3c are not limited to the ground between the fences F, and a predetermined interval may be provided above the ground (the direction in which the plant P grows and extends). .
  • the side light sources 2b and 3b and the lower light sources 2c and 3c may be configured by a continuous light source such as a hollow light guide type lighting device, an optical fiber, or an EL device formed in an elongated shape.
  • the light distribution and light amount of the upper light sources 2a and 3a, the side light sources 2b and 3b, and the lower light sources 2c and 3c are adjusted according to the growth of the plant P. For example, when the plant P is in the initial growth stage and is still small, the upper light sources 2a and 3a far from the plant P are turned off, and the side light sources 2b and 3b and the lower light sources 2c and 3c close to the plant P are turned on. . At this time, the side light sources 2b and 3b and the lower light sources 2c and 3c are adjusted so that light distribution is set narrow by adjusting their mounting angles and the light can be radiated intensively to the plant P.
  • the side light sources 2b and 3b and the lower light sources 2c and 3c respectively reduce the amount of light emitted.
  • the plant P grows greatly, all of the upper light sources 2a and 3a, the side light sources 2b and 3b, and the lower light sources 2c and 3c are turned on. At this time, the side light sources 2b and 3b and the lower light sources 2c and 3c are adjusted so that light distribution is widely set by adjusting their mounting angles and the like, so that light can be applied to a wide range of the plant P.
  • the plant P which grew greatly can have many branches and leaves, if the light irradiated with respect to the plant P is not high light quantity, it may not reach the inside of the plant P (the stem part of the plant P). Therefore, it is preferable that the upper light sources 2a and 3a, the side light sources 2b and 3b, and the lower light sources 2c and 3c respectively increase the amount of light to be irradiated.
  • the lighting device 1 As for the growth promotion effect which the lighting device 1 configured as described above gives to the plant P, actually using the lighting device 1 cultivates chrysanthemums (variety: Say Prince) and about 80% of chrysanthemums are stems. It confirmed by calculating the average number of days required to become 80 cm or more in height.
  • the above-described red LED was used (see FIG. 5).
  • the first light source 2 was disposed above the chrysanthemum at a density of 5 / m 2 , and the chrysanthemum was irradiated with red light at an irradiance of 0.005 W / m 2 .
  • the second light source 3 the above-described far red LED was used (see FIG. 5).
  • the second light source 3 is arranged into 20 / m above the chrysanthemum at a density of 2, it was irradiated with far-red light irradiance of 0.02 W / m 2 with respect chrysanthemum.
  • FIG. 8 shows a state in one day (24 hours) from before sunset to after sunrise, and as shown in this figure, the red light from the first light source 2 starts from 15 minutes before sunset. Irradiation was applied to chrysanthemum for a total of 1 hour until 45 minutes after Far-red light from the second light source 3 was applied to chrysanthemum for 3 hours from 45 minutes after sunset. That is, the red light from the first light source 2 and the far red light from the second light source 3 were continuously applied to the chrysanthemum. As a result, as shown in Table 1, the chrysanthemum according to the present example required an average of 90 days for the stem height to be 80 cm or more.
  • FIG. 9 shows a state in one day (24 hours) from before sunset to after sunrise, and in this comparative example 1, light from the light sources 2 and 3 is not irradiated. Only sunlight was applied to chrysanthemum.
  • the chrysanthemum according to Comparative Example 1 required an average of 111 days for the stem height to be 80 cm or more. This result shows that the lighting device 1 efficiently promotes chrysanthemum growth.
  • FIG. 10 shows a state in one day (24 hours) from before sunset to after sunrise.
  • red light from the first light source 2 is shown.
  • the far red light from the second light source 3 was not irradiated.
  • the chrysanthemum according to Comparative Example 2 required an average of 110 days for the stem height to be 80 cm or more as shown in Table 1. This result indicates that far-red light from the second light source 3 is required to significantly promote chrysanthemum growth.
  • FIG. 11 shows a state in one day (24 hours) from before sunset to after sunrise.
  • this comparative example 3 in addition to sunlight, far red light from the second light source 3 is shown. Only the light was irradiated, and the red light from the first light source 2 was not irradiated. Far-red light from the second light source 3 was irradiated for 3 hours immediately after sunset.
  • the chrysanthemum according to Comparative Example 3 required an average of 102 days for the stem height to be 80 cm or more. This result indicates that red light from the first light source 2 is necessary to significantly promote chrysanthemum growth.
  • FIG. 12 shows a state in one day (24 hours) from before sunset to after sunrise.
  • red light from the first light source 2 is shown.
  • far-red light from the second light source 3 was irradiated for 3 hours immediately after sunset.
  • the chrysanthemum according to Comparative Example 4 required an average of 97 days for the stem height to be 80 cm or more. This result shows that it is important to irradiate red light from the first light source 2 across sunset in order to significantly promote chrysanthemum growth.
  • FIG. 13 shows a state in one day (24 hours) from before sunset to after sunrise, and in this comparative example 5, in addition to sunlight, red light from the first light source 2 is shown.
  • red light from the first light source 2 was shown.
  • the chrysanthemum according to Comparative Example 5 required an average of 96 days for the stem height to be 80 cm or more as shown in Table 1.
  • This result also shows that it is important to irradiate red light from the first light source 2 across the sunset in order to significantly promote chrysanthemum growth, as in Comparative Example 4 above. Yes.
  • the ratio of the accumulated irradiance R1 of red light irradiated by the first light source 2 before sunset to the accumulated irradiance R2 of red light irradiated by the first light source 2 after sunset (The first cumulative irradiance ratio (R1 / R2) is 0.33 (calculated from 15 (minutes) / 45 (minutes)).
  • FIG. 14 shows changes in the growth period (growth period) of chrysanthemum required for the stem height to be 80 cm or more when R1 / R2 is variously changed.
  • R1 was zero, that is, when red light from the first light source 2 was not irradiated to chrysanthemum before sunset, chrysanthemum took an average of 96 days to reach a stem height of 80 cm or more. From this state, increasing R1 promoted chrysanthemum growth and shortened the period required to reach 80 cm or more in stem length. This growth promoting effect was significant when R1 / R2 was in the range of 0.09 to 0.71, and R1 / R2 was not seen to be greater than 1. This result shows that R1 is preferably less than R2 in order to efficiently promote chrysanthemum growth.
  • the ratio of the integrated irradiance R ( R1 + R2) of the light from the first light source 2 to the integrated irradiance FR of the light from the second light source 3 (second integrated radiation).
  • the illuminance ratio (R / FR) is 0.083 (calculated from (0.005 W / m 2 ⁇ 1 hour) / (0.02 W / m 2 ⁇ 3 hours)).
  • FIG. 15 shows changes in the growth period (growth period) of chrysanthemum required for the stem height to be 80 cm or more when the R / FR is variously changed.
  • the growth promotion effect given to the plant P by the lighting device 1 is actually cultivating strawberries (variety: Tochiotome) belonging to fruit and vegetables using the lighting device 1, and calculating the yield of strawberry (per 10 strains). Confirmed with.
  • Example 2 Strawberries were planted at the end of September and were harvested after being cultivated for approximately 6 months until March of the following year. Light irradiation to the strawberry by the lighting device 1 started in mid-November and continued until the strawberry was harvested.
  • the same light sources as those in Example 1 were used. Further, the installation location and the number of installation of the light sources 2 and 3 were also the same as those in Example 1.
  • the first light source 2 irradiates red strawberries with an irradiance of 0.01 W / m 2
  • the second light source 3 emits far red lights with irradiance 0.02 W / m 2 to the strawberries. Irradiated.
  • FIG. 16 shows a state in one day (24 hours) from before sunset to after sunrise.
  • the red light from the first light source 2 is 20 minutes after sunset.
  • the strawberry was irradiated for a total of 2 hours from before to 100 minutes after sunset, and the far red light from the second light source 3 was irradiated to the strawberry for 3 hours from 100 minutes after sunset. That is, this indicates that the first cumulative irradiance ratio (R1 / R2) is 0.2 and the second cumulative irradiance ratio (R / FR) is 0.33.
  • FIG. 17 shows a state in one day (24 hours) from before sunset to after sunrise, and in Comparative Example 6, light from light sources 2 and 3 is irradiated. In addition to sunlight, the strawberry was irradiated with light from an incandescent lamp for 5 hours immediately after sunset.
  • the light including the red light component is irradiated to the plant P in the time zone sandwiching the sunset, and then the light including the far red light component is irradiated. Is done.
  • the sunlight which mixed a red light component and a far red light component is irradiated, since the conversion from Pr type
  • the lighting device 1 may be installed in a completely closed plant production factory where sunlight does not reach.
  • the 1st light source 2 and the 2nd light source 3 are on / off-controlled on the basis of the light / dark period schedule of the artificial light source used for the growth of the plant P, for example.
  • the illuminating device 1 can be used over the whole year, it is especially effective in the short day period from autumn to early spring when sunlight decreases.
  • the plant growth lighting device is not limited to the above embodiment, and various modifications are possible.
  • the first light source and the second light source may be realized by controlling the wavelength of light emitted from one type of light source. This can be realized, for example, by using an incandescent lamp that emits visible light of any wavelength as a light source, and appropriately combining the incandescent lamp with a red light filter or a far red light filter.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Ecology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
PCT/JP2012/076554 2011-12-16 2012-10-13 植物育成照明装置 WO2013088829A1 (ja)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201280055430.2A CN103929944B (zh) 2011-12-16 2012-10-13 植物培育照明装置

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2011276350A JP5874060B2 (ja) 2011-12-16 2011-12-16 植物育成照明装置
JP2011-276350 2011-12-16

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JP2015092860A (ja) * 2013-11-13 2015-05-18 パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 作物育成システム
CN108522063A (zh) * 2018-06-14 2018-09-14 深圳市均益安联光伏系统工程有限责任公司 光伏大棚种植光照系统
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CN109937734A (zh) * 2019-04-15 2019-06-28 镇江光禾时代科技有限公司 一种智能植物生长照明装置及其工作方法
CN112335441A (zh) * 2019-08-07 2021-02-09 杭州汉徽光电科技有限公司 基于生物识别的防控病虫害的植物生长光照装置及其控制方法
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