WO2013065836A1 - 縮合多環芳香族化合物の製造方法及び共役高分子 - Google Patents
縮合多環芳香族化合物の製造方法及び共役高分子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013065836A1 WO2013065836A1 PCT/JP2012/078517 JP2012078517W WO2013065836A1 WO 2013065836 A1 WO2013065836 A1 WO 2013065836A1 JP 2012078517 W JP2012078517 W JP 2012078517W WO 2013065836 A1 WO2013065836 A1 WO 2013065836A1
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- polycyclic aromatic
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
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- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 175
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 173
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 44
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- HMSHQNPANUATTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-(2-ethylhexyl)-6-trimethylstannyldithieno[3,2-d:3',2'-e]pyrrol-2-yl]-trimethylstannane Chemical compound S1C([Sn](C)(C)C)=CC2=C1C(SC(=C1)[Sn](C)(C)C)=C1N2CC(CC)CCCC HMSHQNPANUATTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl tert-butyl ether Chemical compound COC(C)(C)C BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910004009 SiCy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004283 SiO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000006161 Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000010724 Wisteria floribunda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XXMOZDBOAIICDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4,8-bis(2-ethylhexoxy)-2-trimethylstannylthieno[2,3-f][1]benzothiol-6-yl]-trimethylstannane Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC1=C2C=C([Sn](C)(C)C)SC2=C(OCC(CC)CCCC)C2=C1SC([Sn](C)(C)C)=C2 XXMOZDBOAIICDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001334 alicyclic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002490 anilino group Chemical group [H]N(*)C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005577 anthracene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical group [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVUSIQTYUVWOSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsindole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2[As]C=CC2=C1 BVUSIQTYUVWOSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003828 azulenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- RFRXIWQYSOIBDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzarone Chemical compound CCC=1OC2=CC=CC=C2C=1C(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 RFRXIWQYSOIBDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005605 benzo group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000499 benzofuranyl group Chemical group O1C(=CC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004196 benzothienyl group Chemical group S1C(=CC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 1
- QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzotriazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N[N][N]C2=C1 QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012964 benzotriazole Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000001588 bifunctional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002529 biphenylenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3C12)* 0.000 description 1
- XQIMLPCOVYNASM-UHFFFAOYSA-N borole Chemical group B1C=CC=C1 XQIMLPCOVYNASM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BRTALTYTFFNPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N boroxin Chemical class B1OBOBO1 BRTALTYTFFNPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001246 bromo group Chemical group Br* 0.000 description 1
- PZJPKJFOLGKFOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-amine;1,4-dioxane Chemical compound CCCCN.C1COCCO1 PZJPKJFOLGKFOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000006309 butyl amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003917 carbamoyl group Chemical group [H]N([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- PIMYDFDXAUVLON-UHFFFAOYSA-M chloro(triethyl)stannane Chemical compound CC[Sn](Cl)(CC)CC PIMYDFDXAUVLON-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 1
- 125000006165 cyclic alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000392 cycloalkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000006639 cyclohexyl carbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000006312 cyclopentyl amino group Chemical group [H]N(*)C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940117389 dichlorobenzene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylamine Chemical compound CCNCC HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001664 diethylamino group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])N(*)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- IJKVHSBPTUYDLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihydroxy(oxo)silane Chemical compound O[Si](O)=O IJKVHSBPTUYDLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940043279 diisopropylamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HSUGRBWQSSZJOP-RTWAWAEBSA-N diltiazem Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1[C@H]1[C@@H](OC(C)=O)C(=O)N(CCN(C)C)C2=CC=CC=C2S1 HSUGRBWQSSZJOP-RTWAWAEBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HKNRNTYTYUWGLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dithieno[3,2-a:2',3'-d]thiophene Chemical compound C1=CSC2=C1SC1=C2C=CS1 HKNRNTYTYUWGLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003754 ethoxycarbonyl group Chemical group C(=O)(OCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000031 ethylamino group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])N([H])[*] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004672 ethylcarbonyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000006125 ethylsulfonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004705 ethylthio group Chemical group C(C)S* 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001657 ferrierite group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 1
- RMBPEFMHABBEKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=C[CH]C=CC3=CC2=C1 RMBPEFMHABBEKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002541 furyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002350 geranyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])/C([H])=C(C([H])([H])[H])/C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])=C(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920006158 high molecular weight polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003427 indacenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- PZOUSPYUWWUPPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N indole Natural products CC1=CC=CC2=C1C=CN2 PZOUSPYUWWUPPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RKJUIXBNRJVNHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N indolenine Natural products C1=CC=C2CC=NC2=C1 RKJUIXBNRJVNHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003406 indolizinyl group Chemical group C=1(C=CN2C=CC=CC12)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000103 lithium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LZWQNOHZMQIFBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;2-methylpropan-2-olate Chemical compound [Li+].CC(C)(C)[O-] LZWQNOHZMQIFBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JFBCAZSKGDCEOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M magnesium;2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-ide;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CC1(C)CCCC(C)(C)N1[Mg+] JFBCAZSKGDCEOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FKKWHMOEKFXMPU-UHFFFAOYSA-M magnesium;2-methylbutane;chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].CC[C-](C)C FKKWHMOEKFXMPU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- CQRPUKWAZPZXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-M magnesium;2-methylpropane;chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].C[C-](C)C CQRPUKWAZPZXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WYPTZCBYSQFOQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;bis(trimethylsilyl)azanide Chemical compound [Mg+2].C[Si](C)(C)[N-][Si](C)(C)C.C[Si](C)(C)[N-][Si](C)(C)C WYPTZCBYSQFOQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YNLPNVNWHDKDMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M magnesium;butane;chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].CC[CH-]C YNLPNVNWHDKDMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- LVKCSZQWLOVUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-M magnesium;propane;bromide Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Br-].C[CH-]C LVKCSZQWLOVUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000008204 material by function Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001160 methoxycarbonyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000000250 methylamino group Chemical group [H]N(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004458 methylaminocarbonyl group Chemical group [H]N(C(*)=O)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004170 methylsulfonyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- PYLWMHQQBFSUBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N monofluorobenzene Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC=C1 PYLWMHQQBFSUBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052680 mordenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002757 morpholinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- YRNOSHBJMBLOSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[tert-butylimino-bis(dimethylamino)-$l^{5}-phosphanyl]-n-methylmethanamine Chemical compound CN(C)P(N(C)C)(N(C)C)=NC(C)(C)C YRNOSHBJMBLOSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003136 n-heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000005184 naphthylamino group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C12)N* 0.000 description 1
- 125000005185 naphthylcarbonyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C12)C(=O)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000005146 naphthylsulfonyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C12)S(=O)(=O)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000005029 naphthylthio group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C12)S* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002560 nitrile group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- NIHNNTQXNPWCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-biphenylenemethane Natural products C1=CC=C2CC3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 NIHNNTQXNPWCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005064 octadecenyl group Chemical group C(=CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001715 oxadiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005740 oxycarbonyl group Chemical group [*:1]OC([*:2])=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004675 pentylcarbonyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)C(=O)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000005954 phenoxathiinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000006678 phenoxycarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004437 phosphorous atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003495 polar organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011698 potassium fluoride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000003270 potassium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NTTOTNSKUYCDAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium hydride Chemical compound [KH] NTTOTNSKUYCDAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000105 potassium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LPNYRYFBWFDTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium tert-butoxide Chemical compound [K+].CC(C)(C)[O-] LPNYRYFBWFDTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004673 propylcarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridazine Chemical group C1=CC=NN=C1 PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005400 pyridylcarbonyl group Chemical group N1=C(C=CC=C1)C(=O)* 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004007 reversed phase HPLC Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003958 selenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- ODZPKZBBUMBTMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium amide Chemical compound [NH2-].[Na+] ODZPKZBBUMBTMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012312 sodium hydride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000104 sodium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005504 styryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000547 substituted alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000472 sulfonyl group Chemical group *S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- TULWUZJYDBGXMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellurophene Chemical group [Te]1C=CC=C1 TULWUZJYDBGXMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005063 tetradecenyl group Chemical group C(=CCCCCCCCCCCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003718 tetrahydrofuranyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- CZDYPVPMEAXLPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethylsilane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C CZDYPVPMEAXLPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001113 thiadiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000335 thiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- VJYJJHQEVLEOFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N thieno[3,2-b]thiophene Chemical compound S1C=CC2=C1C=CS2 VJYJJHQEVLEOFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CRUIOQJBPNKOJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N thieno[3,2-e][1]benzothiole Chemical compound C1=C2SC=CC2=C2C=CSC2=C1 CRUIOQJBPNKOJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004809 thin layer chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004568 thiomorpholinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001425 triazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- LGQXXHMEBUOXRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributyl borate Chemical compound CCCCOB(OCCCC)OCCCC LGQXXHMEBUOXRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RNVJQUPAEIQUTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N tricyclohexyltin Chemical compound C1CCCCC1[Sn](C1CCCCC1)C1CCCCC1 RNVJQUPAEIQUTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005040 tridecenyl group Chemical group C(=CCCCCCCCCCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- AJSTXXYNEIHPMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl borate Chemical compound CCOB(OCC)OCC AJSTXXYNEIHPMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KQPIFPBKXYBDGV-UHFFFAOYSA-M triethylstannanylium;bromide Chemical compound CC[Sn](Br)(CC)CC KQPIFPBKXYBDGV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- PRFPAWZEYOPUKM-UHFFFAOYSA-M triethylstannanylium;iodide Chemical compound CC[Sn](I)(CC)CC PRFPAWZEYOPUKM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- COHOGNZHAUOXPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(phenyl)stannane Chemical compound C[Sn](C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 COHOGNZHAUOXPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000026 trimethylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])[Si]([*])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
- C07F7/30—Germanium compounds
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/02—Details
- H01L31/0216—Coatings
- H01L31/02161—Coatings for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
- H01L31/02167—Coatings for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
- C07F7/02—Silicon compounds
- C07F7/08—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages
- C07F7/0803—Compounds with Si-C or Si-Si linkages
- C07F7/081—Compounds with Si-C or Si-Si linkages comprising at least one atom selected from the elements N, O, halogen, S, Se or Te
- C07F7/0812—Compounds with Si-C or Si-Si linkages comprising at least one atom selected from the elements N, O, halogen, S, Se or Te comprising a heterocyclic ring
- C07F7/0816—Compounds with Si-C or Si-Si linkages comprising at least one atom selected from the elements N, O, halogen, S, Se or Te comprising a heterocyclic ring said ring comprising Si as a ring atom
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G61/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G61/12—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G61/122—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule derived from five- or six-membered heterocyclic compounds, other than imides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G61/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G61/12—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G61/122—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule derived from five- or six-membered heterocyclic compounds, other than imides
- C08G61/123—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule derived from five- or six-membered heterocyclic compounds, other than imides derived from five-membered heterocyclic compounds
- C08G61/124—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule derived from five- or six-membered heterocyclic compounds, other than imides derived from five-membered heterocyclic compounds with a five-membered ring containing one nitrogen atom in the ring
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G61/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G61/12—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a condensed polycyclic aromatic compound and a conjugated polymer.
- ⁇ -conjugated polymers have been applied as semiconductor materials for devices such as organic EL, organic thin film transistors, and organic light emitting sensors, and in particular, their application to polymer organic solar cells has attracted attention.
- organic solar cells many examples have been reported in which a copolymer of a donor monomer and an acceptor monomer (hereinafter sometimes referred to as a copolymer) is used for a photoelectric conversion element.
- donor monomer skeletons include those described in Non-Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 2.
- a monomer having a condensed polycyclic structure in which at least three 5-membered rings are condensed such as dithieno [3,2-b: 2 ′, 3′-d] silole, and other monomers are cupped.
- Copolymers obtained by ring polymerization are disclosed. And it is reported that the organic solar cell using this copolymer shows the high photoelectric conversion efficiency exceeding 5%.
- Non-patent Document 3 a silica gel / potassium carbonate column
- Non-patent document 4 a silica gel / potassium fluoride column
- the object of the present invention is to purify and manufacture a precursor monomer by a simpler and milder method so that a polymer having a higher molecular weight can be obtained.
- the gist of the present invention is as follows. 1. A method for producing a condensed polycyclic aromatic compound having n (where n is an integer of 1 to 4) an active group comprising contacting the composition containing the condensed polycyclic aromatic compound and a solvent with zeolite. The manufacturing method of a condensed polycyclic aromatic compound characterized by including the process to make. 2. 2. The method for producing a condensed polycyclic aromatic compound according to item 1, wherein the condensed polycyclic aromatic compound satisfies the following condition.
- the total ratio of the condensed polycyclic aromatic compound having less than n active groups is 5 mol% or more with respect to the aromatic compound (Ar (n)) before charging the column. 3. 3.
- ring A and ring B each independently represent a 5-membered aromatic heterocyclic ring, and ring C represents any ring optionally having a substituent.
- X 1 and X 2 each independently represents an active group, and R 1 and R 2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or a hydrocarbon group optionally having a hetero atom. 4).
- X 1 , X 2 , R 1 , R 2 and ring C are as defined in formula (I).
- X 11 and X 21 are each independently a cycle. It is an atom selected from Table Group 16 elements.
- the compound represented by Formula (II) or Formula (III) is a condensed polycyclic aromatic compound represented by Formula (IV), Formula (V), Formula (VI), or Formula (VII). A method for producing the condensed polycyclic aromatic compound described in 1.
- formula (IV), formula (V), formula (VI) and formula (VI), X 1 , X 2 , R 1 and R 2 are as defined in formula (I).
- Z 1 represents Z 11 (R 3 ) (R 4 ), Z 12 (R 5 ) or Z 13 .
- Z 11 represents an atom selected from Group 14 elements of the periodic table.
- R 3 and R 4 are synonymous with the above formulas R 1 and R 2 .
- Z 12 represents an atom selected from Group 15 elements of the periodic table, and R 5 has the same meaning as R 3 and R 4 .
- Z 13 represents an atom selected from Group 16 elements of the periodic table.
- R 6 and R 7 may have a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group which may have a substituent, an alkenyl group which may have a substituent, or a substituent. It is a good alkynyl group, an aromatic group which may have a substituent, an alkoxy group which may have a substituent, or an aryloxy group which may have a substituent.
- R 8 to R 11 are synonymous with R 3 and R 4
- R 12 and R 13 are synonymous with R 1 and R 2 .
- Z 2 and Z 3 each independently represent an atom selected from Group 14 elements of the Periodic Table.
- R 14 and R 15 have the same meanings as R 3 and R 4 .
- Z 4 represents an atom selected from Group 16 elements of the Periodic Table. 6).
- At least one of X 1 and X 2 are tin-containing group, a manufacturing method of the condensed polycyclic aromatic compound according to any one of the preceding 3 to 5. 7).
- the condensed compound represented by the formula (II) is reacted with an electrophile after reacting a non-nucleophilic base with the condensed polycyclic aromatic compound represented by the following formula (VIII). 7.
- a photoelectric conversion element comprising a conjugated polymer produced by the method according to item 12 above.
- a solar cell comprising the photoelectric conversion element produced by the method according to item 13 above.
- a solar cell module comprising the solar cell produced by the method according to item 14 above.
- the monomer as a precursor can be purified by a simpler and milder method so that a polymer having a higher molecular weight can be obtained.
- the production method of the present invention comprises a condensed polycyclic aromatic compound (hereinafter sometimes referred to as a monomer according to the present invention) having n (where n is an integer of 1 or more and 4 or less) active groups and a solvent.
- a condensed polycyclic aromatic compound having n active groups is removed by removing this impurity from the composition containing the condensed polycyclic aromatic compound having n active groups, a solvent, and the impurity.
- a compound can be obtained.
- the active group refers to a group that reacts with a group of another monomer when a polymer is obtained by a polymerization reaction such as a coupling reaction, as will be described in detail later.
- compositions containing a condensed polycyclic aromatic compound having n active groups and a solvent may be referred to as a composition according to the present invention.
- step of bringing the composition according to the present invention into contact with zeolite may be referred to as the purification step according to the present invention.
- zeolite used in the present invention (hereinafter simply referred to as zeolite) will be described.
- zeolite those according to the following definition of the International Zeolite Society can be used more suitably. That is, a compound of composition DE n (n ⁇ 2) that forms an open three-dimensional network, where D has 4 bonds and E has 2 bonds, and the skeleton density (total atoms of D in 1 nm 3 Number) is preferably 20.5 or less.
- zeolite for example, those mentioned in “Atlas of Simulated XRD Powder Patterns for Zeolites” can be used. More specific examples include A-type zeolite, ferrierite, SZM-5, ZSM-11, stagenite, beta zeolite, X-type zeolite, Y-type zeolite and the like.
- aluminosilicate zeolite such as aluminosilicate, metallosilicate or silicalite; or phosphate zeolite such as aluminophosphate, gallophosphate or berylphosphate is preferable.
- Aluminosilicate contains aluminum and silicon. When the ratio of silicon increases, organic molecules are adsorbed by water or inorganic salts. Therefore, the ratio between aluminum and silicon may be changed according to the impurities to be removed.
- the molar ratio of aluminum to silicon is usually 1 or more.
- the aluminosilicate is composed of low silica zeolite (silicon / aluminum: 1 to 2), medium silica zeolite (silicon / aluminum: greater than 2 and 5 or less), high silica zeolite (silicon / aluminum), depending on the molar ratio of aluminum to silicon. : Greater than 5). These zeolites may be used alone or in combination.
- Zeolite selectively adsorbs molecules having dipoles, quadrupoles, ⁇ electrons, or molecules with strong polarizability. Moreover, when the silicon / aluminum ratio of zeolite increases, adsorption due to cations decreases, and organic molecules are selectively adsorbed over water and become hydrophobic. Adsorption to the hydrophobic zeolite is physical adsorption and is due to filling of pores in the crystal. Contrary to zeolite with a low silicon / aluminum ratio, the adsorption selectivity to hydrophobic zeolite is higher in the order of paraffin, aromatic compound, and water.
- low silica zeolite is preferable in that it selectively adsorbs water and inorganic salts
- medium silica zeolite is preferable in that it adsorbs water, inorganic salts, and organic molecules in a well-balanced manner
- high silica zeolite selectively absorbs organic molecules. It is preferable at the point which adsorb
- tectoaluminosilicate is usually an oxide containing silicon and aluminum atoms, and is generally represented by the formula F m G n O 2n ⁇ sH 2 O.
- F is an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal cation, and F may be one cation or a plurality of cations.
- alkali metals include sodium or potassium.
- alkaline earth metals include calcium, barium, or strontium.
- m is an arbitrary positive number and can be determined according to the ratio of silicon to aluminum.
- G is silicon and aluminum and usually has more silicon atoms than aluminum atoms.
- O represents oxygen.
- n is an arbitrary positive number.
- H 2 O is water, and s is an arbitrary number of 0 or more.
- the zeolite according to the present invention may contain other elements as long as the effects of the invention are not impaired.
- the weight of the other element with respect to the weight of the component represented by the general formula F m G n O 2n ⁇ sH 2 O contained in the zeolite according to the present invention is preferably 50% or less, and 20% or less. More preferably, it is more preferably 10% or less, still more preferably 5% or less, and particularly preferably 2% or less.
- Small pore zeolite (8-membered ring), medium-pore zeolite (10-membered ring), large-sized zeolite (12-membered ring), or ultra-large pore zeolite (14-membered ring or more) can be used. It can be selected according to the impurities to be adsorbed. Of these, 8-membered, 10-membered or 12-membered zeolite is more preferable from the viewpoint of obtaining a preferable pore diameter described later.
- the alkali metal or alkaline earth metal cation contained in the zeolite is potassium, sodium, cesium, or calcium.
- the average pore diameter of the zeolite according to the present invention is usually 2 nm or less, preferably 1 nm or less, particularly preferably 0.5 nm (5 mm) or less. On the other hand, it is usually 0.1 nm (1 ⁇ ) or more, preferably 0.2 nm (2 ⁇ ) or more, and more preferably 0.3 nm (3 ⁇ ) or more. When the average pore diameter is in this range, impurities can be removed with higher efficiency while preventing the monomer from being adsorbed.
- the average pore diameter can be measured by a gas adsorption method [JIS Z 8831-2 (2010) and JIS Z 8831-3 (2010)].
- the specific surface area (BET) of the zeolite according to the present invention is usually 10 m 2 / g or more, preferably 100 m 2 / g or more, more preferably 200 m 2 / g or more. On the other hand, it is usually 5000 m 2 / g or less, preferably 2000 m 2 / g or less, more preferably 1000 m 2 / g or less, and further preferably 800 m 2 / g or less.
- the specific surface area can be measured by a gas adsorption method [JIS Z8831-2 (2010) and JIS Z8831-3 (2010)].
- the shape of the zeolite according to the present invention is not particularly limited.
- Examples of the shape of the zeolite according to the present invention include a block shape, a spherical shape, a granular shape, a pellet shape, and a powder shape. From the viewpoint of promoting contact between the composition according to the present invention and the zeolite according to the present invention, the zeolite according to the present invention is more preferably in a powder form.
- the average particle size of the zeolite according to the present invention is usually 1 nm or more, preferably 100 nm or more, particularly preferably 10 ⁇ m or more, and is usually 10 mm or less, preferably 1 mm or less, more preferably 250 ⁇ m or less, particularly preferably 100 ⁇ m or less. It is.
- the average particle diameter can be measured and calculated according to a microscope method [JIS Z8901 (2006)].
- the zeolite according to the present invention in order to facilitate removal from the composition according to the present invention, it is preferable to use a zeolite that is insoluble in the solvent described later.
- zeolites that can be used include zeolite A-3, zeolite A-4, zeolite A-5, zeolite F-9, zeolite HS-320, zeolite HS-341, zeolite HS-500, zeolite HS-642, and zeolite HS. -690 or zeolite HS-720 (for example, manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries). These zeolites are usually sold in powder, granular or pellet form. Such a zeolite may be used as it is, or may be used after being ground in a mortar or the like. In order to increase the adsorption efficiency, it is preferable to use powdered zeolite.
- molecular sieves may be used, for example, commercially available molecular sieves 3A, molecular sieves 4A, molecular sieves 5A, or molecular sieves 13X may be used.
- Molecular sieves are usually sold in powder, granular or pellet form. Such molecular sieves may be used as they are or after being ground in a mortar. In order to increase the adsorption efficiency, it is preferable to use powdered molecular sieves.
- Zeolites usually have (SiO 4 ) 4- units and (AlO 4 ) 5- units. By sharing the oxygen present at the four vertices with the four adjacent tetrahedrons, a crystal is formed by connecting three-dimensionally one after another. This crystal has a porous structure and can adsorb low-molecular organic compounds, inorganic substances such as metals, insoluble waste, unfiltered waste, and the like.
- zeolite which is a porous substance having a small pore diameter of usually 2 nm or less
- decomposition of the monomer according to the present invention can be suppressed. This is presumably because, since the pore diameter is small, the monomer according to the present invention is prevented from entering further into the pores, so that decomposition of the monomer in the pores is suppressed.
- zeolite having a relatively small pore diameter is considered suitable for the present invention.
- composition containing the monomer and the solvent according to the present invention.
- This composition may be a reaction solution obtained after the reaction for obtaining the monomer according to the present invention.
- the composition may also be a crude product solution extracted from the reaction solution.
- this composition may be obtained by dissolving a crude product obtained by removing the solvent from the crude product solution in a solvent.
- This composition usually contains impurities in addition to the monomer and solvent according to the invention.
- the solvent may be anything as long as it can dissolve the monomer according to the present invention, but an organic solvent is usually used.
- solvents include saturated hydrocarbons such as pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, or cyclohexane; aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, or xylene; chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene, trichlorobenzene, or fluorobenzene Halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons; alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, or t-butyl alcohol; water; ethers such as dimethyl ether, diethyl ether, methyl-t-butyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydropyran, or dioxane Butylamine, triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine
- one solvent may be used alone, or two or more solvents may be mixed and used. May be. From the viewpoint of increasing the adsorption efficiency of impurities to zeolite, it is preferable to use a nonpolar solvent as the solvent, and it is more preferable to use a hydrocarbon-based solvent. Further, as the solvent, in order to facilitate the removal of the zeolite, it is preferable to select a solvent having a sufficiently low solubility of the zeolite according to the present invention.
- the purification step according to the present invention includes a step of bringing the composition according to the present invention into contact with zeolite.
- Examples of the method for bringing the composition according to the present invention into contact with zeolite include the following.
- a layer containing zeolite is prepared, and the composition according to the present invention is allowed to pass through.
- the composition according to the present invention can be brought into contact with the zeolite and the zeolite can be removed from the composition at the same time.
- a specific example is a method in which zeolite is packed in a column and the composition according to the present invention is passed.
- the composition according to the present invention may be placed on a column, a developing solvent may be flowed, and the solution passing through the column may be recovered.
- the developing solvent the same solvents as those in the above-described composition can be used. Usually, the same solvent as the solvent in the composition is used as the developing solvent, but a solvent different from the solvent in the composition may be used as the developing solvent.
- the monomer according to the present invention it is preferable to obtain the monomer according to the present invention by separating the solution passing through the column and removing the solvent from the solution containing the monomer according to the present invention. In this case, whether or not the monomer according to the present invention is contained in the solution can be confirmed by a known method. Generally, TLC (Thin Layer Chromatography) is used. However, since the monomer according to the present invention may be decomposed by silica gel or alumina, whether or not it is decomposed is determined by reverse phase HPLC, proton or carbon NMR, etc. It is preferable to confirm with.
- TLC Thin Layer Chromatography
- the weight of the zeolite packed in the column is preferably 10 times or more, more preferably 30 times or more, and further preferably 50 times or more with respect to the weight of the monomer in the composition according to the present invention. On the other hand, it is preferably 1000 times or less, more preferably 500 times or less, and still more preferably 300 times or less.
- the length of the zeolite packed in the column is preferably 3 cm or more. However, in order not to make the length unrealistic, it can be dealt with by laminating the amount of zeolite on the filter paper and filtering the monomer solution in the composition according to the present invention using the filter paper. By using such an amount of zeolite, more impurities can be removed while shortening the processing time. The shorter the development time, the better. It is preferably within 1 hour, more preferably within 30 minutes, and particularly preferably within 15 minutes.
- the column packed with zeolite may contain other carriers as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- the zeolite is put into the composition, and then the zeolite is removed.
- the zeolite may be added to the composition and stirred, and then the zeolite may be removed by filtration.
- the stirring time is preferably 5 minutes or more, and more preferably 30 minutes or less.
- suction filtration can be used in addition to normal filtration.
- zeolite can be spread on the funnel, and a mixed solution of zeolite and monomer can be added from the top of the zeolite and filtered.
- the monomer according to the present invention may be passed along with a solvent (in particular, the above-mentioned nonpolar solvent) without being adsorbed on the zeolite.
- a solvent in particular, the above-mentioned nonpolar solvent
- the monomer according to the present invention may be eluted and recovered using a polar solvent (sometimes referred to as a desorbing agent) such as ethyl acetate or chloroform.
- a polar solvent sometimes referred to as a desorbing agent
- the former is preferable in that the operation is simple.
- the weight of the zeolite used is usually 1 or more times, preferably 3 times or more, more preferably 5 times or more, still more preferably 10 times or more, and 30 times the weight of the monomer in the composition.
- the above is more preferable, and 50 times or more is particularly preferable.
- it is preferably 1000 times or less, more preferably 500 times or less, still more preferably 300 times or less.
- the used zeolite may be regenerated by a well-known technique and used repeatedly.
- the monomer according to the present invention obtained in the above step is preferable in that the storage stability at ⁇ 20 ° C. is good. It is considered that impurities such as low molecular weight compounds or metal salts contained in the composition according to the present invention have been removed.
- the storage stability at ⁇ 20 ° C. means that, specifically, when the monomer according to the present invention is stored at -20 ° C., it is usually 1 day or longer, preferably 4 days or longer. Particularly preferably, it indicates that impurities are not detected visually for 30 days or longer.
- the temperature during the contact of the composition according to the present invention with the zeolite is lower than the boiling point of the solvent in the composition (provided that the developing solvent in the zeolite column is different from the solvent of the composition, for example). It is preferable that it is, More preferably, it is 40 degrees C or less, More preferably, it is 30 degrees C or less. The lower the temperature, the more the degradation of the monomer according to the present invention can be suppressed. However, if the temperature is too low, moisture in the air may be absorbed. When the monomer according to the present invention is more unstable, it is also preferable to use a refrigerant column that does not absorb moisture.
- the operations may be performed under a normal fluorescent lamp.
- the atmosphere at the time of operation is not specifically limited, You may carry out in air or inert gas, such as nitrogen or argon.
- the pressure at the time of operation is not particularly limited, and may be normal pressure or pressurized conditions.
- the monomer according to the present invention contains impurities, particularly when impurities such as inorganic salts that cannot be detected by proton NMR or HPLC are included, accurate weighing is difficult.
- impurities may inhibit the polymerization reaction due to the catalyst cycle.
- a catalyst such as a transition metal catalyst
- a low molecular impurity or a metal salt can act as a catalyst poison of the catalytic reaction.
- the monomer according to the present invention when a polymer is synthesized using the monomer according to the present invention, it is preferable to purify the monomer according to the present invention and use it in the reaction. On the other hand, it is difficult to purify the monomer according to the present invention by a conventional method.
- the monomer according to the present invention When purifying using a silica gel column, the monomer according to the present invention may be decomposed.
- the active group of the monomer according to the present invention is often eliminated. Since the compound obtained by elimination of the active group does not contribute to the formation of the polymer or inhibits the elongation of the polymer, such a compound is an obstacle to obtain a high molecular weight polymer.
- the monomer may be decomposed by a trace amount of hydrochloric acid contained in chloroform which is often used as a developing solvent for GPC.
- the monomer according to the present invention can be purified by a simple operation of bringing the composition according to the present invention into contact with the zeolite and removing the solvent and the zeolite.
- the purification process according to the present invention is applicable to large-scale purification, and is particularly useful for removing low-molecular impurities, metal salts, and the like.
- the condensed polycyclic aromatic compound in particular, the condensed polycyclic aromatic compound (monomer according to the present invention) having n (where n is an integer of 1 to 4) active groups will be described.
- the active group refers to a group that reacts with a group possessed by another monomer when a polymer is obtained by a polymerization reaction such as a coupling reaction.
- the active group include a group having an atom selected from an alkylsulfonyloxy group, an arylsulfonyloxy group, Li, Mg, Zn, B, and a group 14 element of the periodic table.
- a group having an atom selected from B or a group 14 element of the periodic table is preferable, a group having an atom selected from a group 14 element is more preferable, a silicon-containing group or a tin-containing group is more preferable, and a tin-containing group Is particularly preferred.
- the periodic table refers to the IUPAC 2005 recommended version (Recommendations of IUPAC 2005).
- alkylsulfonyloxy groups a methylsulfonyloxy group is preferable, and among the arylsulfonyloxy groups, a phenylsulfonyloxy group is preferable.
- the alkylsulfonyloxy group and the arylsulfonyloxy group may have a substituent such as a halogen atom such as a fluorine atom or an alkyl group such as a methyl group.
- alkylsulfonyloxy group having a substituent a methylsulfonyloxy group and a trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy group are preferable in terms of improving coupling reactivity
- arylsulfonyloxy group having a substituent A p-toluenesulfonyloxy group is preferred.
- Examples of the group having Mg include a magnesium halide group.
- Zinc-containing groups include zinc halide groups.
- Examples of the group having B include a boric acid group, a boric acid group, and a boric acid ester group.
- boric acid group examples include —B (OH) 2 and the like.
- borate group examples include -BF 3 K.
- borate groups or borate ester groups include those represented below.
- Examples of the group having an atom selected from Group 14 elements of the periodic table include a silicon-containing group, a tin-containing group, a germanium-containing group, or a lead-containing group.
- a silicon-containing group or a tin-containing group is preferable in terms of reactivity, and a tin-containing group is more preferable.
- at least one of the one or more monomers is an aromatic compound having a tin-containing group, particularly a condensed polycyclic aromatic heterocyclic compound.
- an alkylstannyl group or an arylstannyl group is more preferable in terms of reactivity, and an alkylstannyl group is particularly preferable.
- alkylstannyl group examples include those represented below.
- Examples of the silicon-containing group include a silyl group which may have a substituent.
- a silyl group which may have a substituent.
- publicly known documents Pubmaceutical Process Chemistry (2011), 101-126, Accounts of Chemical Research (2008), 41, 1486-1499. What is reported by can be used.
- Et represents an ethyl group
- Pr represents a propyl group
- Ph represents
- the condensed polycyclic aromatic compound examples include a condensed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compound or a condensed polycyclic aromatic heterocyclic compound. Of these, a condensed polycyclic aromatic heterocyclic compound is preferable in that the reactivity of coupling is improved.
- the condensed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compound and the condensed polycyclic aromatic heterocyclic compound include compounds obtained by condensing a monocyclic aromatic compound such as benzene or thiophene and an alicyclic compound such as cyclopentadiene.
- the condensed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compound is preferably a condensed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compound having a ring member number of 5 or more and 7 or less and a condensed ring number of 2 or more and 6 or less. Specifically, naphthalene , Anthracene or fluorene.
- the condensed polycyclic aromatic heterocyclic compound is preferably a condensed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compound having a ring member number of 5 or more and 7 or less and a condensed ring number of 2 or more and 6 or less.
- a condensed polycyclic aromatic heterocyclic compound having an atom selected from group 16 elements as a hetero atom is preferable, a condensed polycyclic heterocyclic compound having an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom as a hetero atom is more preferable, and a sulfur atom A fused polycyclic aromatic heterocyclic compound having as a hetero atom is particularly preferred.
- the aromatic heterocyclic ring having an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom as a hetero atom is preferably a 5-membered ring.
- the condensed polycyclic aromatic heterocyclic compound is an atom selected from Group 14 elements of the periodic table, particularly a carbon atom, a silicon atom or a germanium atom. It is preferable to have.
- a condensed polycyclic aromatic heterocyclic compound having a silicon atom or a germanium atom is particularly preferred.
- the production method of the present invention can be used without removing the active group. Impurities such as low molecules can be efficiently removed.
- the production method of the present invention is effective in the case of a condensed polycyclic aromatic compound having an active group which is thermally and / or chemically unstable.
- the condensed polycyclic aromatic compound having a thermally and / or chemically unstable active group is a condensed polycyclic aromatic compound having at least n (n is an integer of 1 or more and 4 or less) active groups (hereinafter referred to as “fused polycyclic aromatic compounds”).
- Ar (n) in some cases) and is an aromatic compound that satisfies the following conditions.
- the ratio of the aromatic compound having less than n active groups in the solution that has passed through the column under the above conditions is preferably relative to the aromatic compound (Ar (n)) before charging to the column. More effective by using the production method of the present invention when it is 20 mol% or more, more preferably 40 mol% or more, further preferably 60 mol% or more, more preferably 75 mol% or more, particularly preferably 90 mol% or more. It is preferable in that a high molecular weight conjugated polymer can be produced.
- the silica gel used under the above conditions has a spherical shape, a particle size of 63 to 210 ⁇ m, and is neutral (pH 7.0 ⁇ 0.5).
- the product name Silica gel 60N Spherical neutral, for column chromatography, manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Inc.
- Silica gel 60N Spherical neutral, for column chromatography, manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Inc.
- N is the number of active groups of the condensed polycyclic aromatic compound, and is an integer of 1 or more, preferably an integer of 2 or more. On the other hand, it is an integer of 4 or less, preferably an integer of 3 or less.
- the condensed polycyclic aromatic compound (Ar (n)) is preferably a condensed polycyclic aromatic heterocyclic compound, and in particular, the active group is an aromatic complex in terms of improving the reactivity of the coupling reaction. More preferred is a condensed polycyclic aromatic heterocyclic compound bonded to a ring.
- a fused polycyclic aromatic heterocyclic compound in which a group having an atom selected from Li, Mg, B, or a periodic table Group 14 element is bonded to an aromatic heterocyclic ring is particularly preferable.
- preferred examples of the compound having two active groups include compounds represented by the following formula (I).
- ring A and ring B each independently represent a 5-membered aromatic heterocyclic ring
- ring C represents an arbitrary ring which may have a substituent.
- X 1 and X 2 each independently represent an active group.
- R 1 and R 2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or a hydrocarbon group that may have a hetero atom.
- X 1 and X 2 each independently represent an active group and have the same meaning as described in the above-mentioned section of the condensed polycyclic aromatic compound.
- ring A and ring B each independently represent a 5-membered aromatic heterocycle fused to ring C described later.
- the 5-membered aromatic heterocycle include thiophene ring, furan ring, pyrrole ring, imidazole ring, pyrazole ring, oxazole ring, isoxazole ring, thiazole ring or isothiazole ring.
- a 5-membered aromatic heterocyclic ring containing a nitrogen atom such as a pyrrole ring, an imidazole ring or a pyrazole ring, it may have an alkyl group such as a methyl group on the nitrogen atom.
- the bonding mode between ring A and ring B and ring C There is no limitation on the bonding mode between ring A and ring B and ring C.
- the monomer according to the present invention is used in the coupling reaction described later, in order to improve the reactivity of the reaction, the monomer is a condensed polycyclic aromatic heterocyclic compound, and the aromatic More preferably, the active group is bonded to a carbon atom of the ring.
- R 1 and R 2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or a hydrocarbon group that may have a hetero atom.
- the halogen atom include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom or an iodine atom. From the viewpoint of stability, a fluorine atom or a chlorine atom is preferable, and a fluorine atom is particularly preferable.
- hydrocarbon group which may have a hetero atom examples include a hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, a heterocyclic group which may have a substituent, a carbonyl group which has a substituent, Or the hydrocarbon group or heterocyclic group couple
- the hydrocarbon group or heterocyclic group bonded via a hetero atom means a hydrocarbon group or heterocyclic group bonded to a basic skeleton such as ring A or ring B via a hetero atom.
- This hydrocarbon group or heterocyclic group and a hetero atom are collectively referred to as a hydrocarbon group or a heterocyclic group bonded via a hetero atom.
- hydrocarbon group examples include an aliphatic hydrocarbon group and an aromatic hydrocarbon group.
- the aliphatic hydrocarbon group includes a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group such as an alkyl group (including a cycloalkyl group); or an unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group such as an alkenyl group (including a cycloalkenyl group) or an alkynyl group. Can be mentioned. Of these, a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group such as an alkyl group is preferable.
- the number of carbon atoms of the alkyl group is usually 1 or more, preferably 3 or more, more preferably 4 or more, and is usually 20 or less, preferably 16 or less, more preferably 12 or less, and even more preferably 10 or less.
- Examples of such an alkyl group include a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an n-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, an n-hexyl group, an n-octyl group, an n-nonyl group, and an n-decyl group.
- a linear alkyl group such as n-lauryl group
- a branched alkyl group such as iso-propyl group, iso-butyl group, tert-butyl group, 3-methylbutyl group, 2-ethylhexyl group, 3,7-dimethyloctyl group
- a cyclic alkyl group such as a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclooctyl group, a cyclononyl group, a cyclolauryl group, or a cyclodecyl group
- a cyclic alkyl group such as a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cyclohepty
- the linear alkyl group includes n-propyl group, n-butyl group, n-pentyl group, n-hexyl group, n-heptyl group, n-octyl group, n-nonyl group, n-decyl group or An n-lauryl group is preferred, and the branched alkyl group is preferably an iso-propyl group, an iso-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, a 3-methylbutyl group, a 2-ethylhexyl group, or a 3,7-dimethyloctyl group.
- the group is preferably a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group or a cyclolauryl group.
- n-butyl group iso-propyl group, iso-butyl group, tert-butyl group, n-pentyl group, 3-methylbutyl group, cyclopentyl group, n-hexyl group, cyclohexyl group, 2-ethylhexyl group, cyclooctyl group, An n-nonyl group, a 3,7-dimethyloctyl group, a cyclononyl group, an n-decyl group or a cyclodecyl group is more preferred.
- the number of carbon atoms of the alkenyl group is usually 1 or more, preferably 3 or more, more preferably 4 or more, and usually 20 or less, preferably 16 or less, more preferably 12 or less, and even more preferably 10 or less.
- alkenyl groups include vinyl, propenyl, butenyl, pentenyl, hexenyl, heptenyl, octenyl, nonenyl, decenyl, undecenyl, dodecenyl, tridecenyl, tetradecenyl, pentadecenyl , Hexadecenyl group, heptadecenyl group, octadecenyl group, nonadecenyl group, icocenyl group or geranyl group.
- the alkenyl group preferably has 2 to 20 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include a vinyl group and a styryl group.
- alkynyl group those having 2 to 20 carbon atoms are preferable, and examples thereof include a methylethynyl group and a trimethylsilylethynyl group.
- aromatic hydrocarbon group those having 6 to 30 carbon atoms are preferable.
- phenyl group, naphthyl group, phenanthryl group, biphenylenyl group, triphenylenyl group, anthryl group, pyrenyl group, fluorenyl group, azulenyl group, acenaphthenyl group examples thereof include a fluoranthenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentacenyl group, and a quarterphenyl group.
- a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a phenanthryl group, a triphenylenyl group, an anthryl group, a pyrenyl group, a fluorenyl group, an acenaphthenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, or a perylenyl group is preferable.
- heterocyclic group examples include an aliphatic heterocyclic group and an aromatic heterocyclic group.
- the aliphatic heterocyclic group preferably has 2 to 30 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include a pyrrolidinyl group, piperidinyl group, piperazinyl group, tetrahydrofuranyl group, dioxanyl group, morpholinyl group, and thiomorpholinyl group. Of these, a pyrrolidinyl group, a piperidinyl group, or a piperazinyl group is preferable.
- the aromatic heterocyclic group preferably has 2 to 30 carbon atoms.
- the aromatic hydrocarbon group and the aromatic heterocyclic group may be a condensed polycyclic aromatic group.
- the ring forming the condensed polycyclic aromatic group may have a cyclic alkyl structure which may have a substituent, an aromatic hydrocarbon ring which may have a substituent, or a substituent.
- Aromatic heterocycles are preferred.
- Examples of the cyclic alkyl structure include a cyclopentane structure or a cyclohexane structure.
- the aromatic hydrocarbon ring include a benzene ring or a naphthalene ring.
- aromatic heterocyclic ring examples include a pyridine ring, a thiophene ring, a furan ring, a pyrrole ring, an oxazole ring, a thiazole ring, an oxadiazole ring, a thiadiazole ring, a pyrazine ring, a pyrimidine ring, a biazole ring, and an imidazole ring. It is done. Among these, a pyridine ring or a thiophene ring is preferable.
- the condensed polycyclic aromatic group is preferably a condensed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon group or a condensed polycyclic aromatic heterocyclic group.
- the condensed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon group include a phenanthryl group, anthryl group, pyrenyl group, fluoranthenyl group, naphthacenyl group, perylenyl group, pentacenyl group, and triphenylenyl group.
- the condensed polycyclic aromatic heterocyclic group include a phenoxazinyl group, a phenothiazinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, and a phenanthrolinyl group.
- Examples of the carbonyl group having a substituent include an alkylcarbonyl group, an arylcarbonyl group, an alkyloxycarbonyl group, an aryloxycarbonyl group, an alkylcarbamoyl group, an arylcarbamoyl group, an alkylimide group, and an arylimide group.
- Aryl refers to an aromatic group.
- the carbon number of the substituent that the carbonyl group has is not particularly limited, but is usually 1 or more and 40 or less.
- the alkyl group of the alkylcarbonyl group, alkyloxycarbonyl group, alkylcarbamoyl group or alkylimide group is not particularly limited, but usually has 1 to 40 carbon atoms.
- the aryl group of the arylcarbonyl group, aryloxycarbonyl group, arylcarbamoyl group or arylimide group is not particularly limited, but usually has 2 to 40 carbon atoms.
- alkylcarbonyl group examples include an acetyl group, an ethylcarbonyl group, a propylcarbonyl group, a pentylcarbonyl group, a cyclohexylcarbonyl group, an octylcarbonyl group, a 2-ethylhexylcarbonyl group, and a dodecylcarbonyl group.
- an octylcarbonyl group, a 2-ethylhexylcarbonyl group, or a dodecylcarbonyl group is preferable.
- arylcarbonyl group examples include a benzoyl group, a naphthylcarbonyl group, and a pyridylcarbonyl group. Of these, a benzoyl group is preferable.
- alkyloxycarbonyl group examples include a methoxycarbonyl group, an ethoxycarbonyl group, and an n-butoxycarbonyl group.
- aryloxycarbonyl group examples include a phenoxycarbonyl group and a naphthoxycarbonyl group.
- the alkylcarbamoyl group is preferably one having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, for example, methylaminocarbonyl group, dimethylaminocarbonyl group, propylaminocarbonyl group, pentylaminocarbonyl group, cyclohexylaminocarbonyl group, octylaminocarbonyl group, methylhexyl.
- Examples include aminocarbonyl group, octylaminocarbonyl group, 2-ethylhexylaminocarbonyl group, dodecylaminocarbonyl group and the like. Of these, an octylaminocarbonyl group or a 2-ethylhexylaminocarbonyl group is preferable.
- the arylcarbamoyl group preferably has 3 to 40 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include a phenylaminocarbonyl group, a naphthylaminocarbonyl group, and a 2-pyridylaminocarbonyl group. Of these, a phenylaminocarbonyl group is preferred.
- alkylimide group those having 2 to 20 carbon atoms are preferable, and examples thereof include a methylcarbonylaminocarbonyl group, an ethylcarbonylaminocarbonyl group, and an n-butylcarbonylaminocarbonyl group.
- arylimide group those having 2 to 20 carbon atoms are preferable, and examples thereof include a phenylcarbonylaminocarbonyl group and a naphthylcarbonylaminocarbonyl group.
- the carbon number of the hydrocarbon group bonded through a hetero atom is not particularly limited, but is usually 1 or more and 40 or less.
- the hydrocarbon group bonded through a heteroatom is an alkyl group, the number of carbons is not particularly limited, but is usually 1 or more and 40 or less.
- bonded through a hetero atom is an aryl group, although there is no restriction
- hydrocarbon group or heterocyclic group bonded through a hetero atom include an alkoxy group, an aryloxy group, an alkylthio group, an arylthio group, an alkylamino group, an arylamino group, and N-aryl-N-alkyl.
- examples include an amino group, an alkylsulfonyl group, and an arylsulfonyl group. From the viewpoint of improving the electron transport property of the electron extraction layer, an alkoxy group or an aryloxy group is preferable.
- alkoxy group those having 1 to 20 carbon atoms are preferable.
- aryloxy group those having 2 to 20 carbon atoms are preferable, and examples thereof include a phenoxy group, a naphthyloxy group, a pyridyloxy group, a thiazolyloxy group, an oxazolyloxy group, and an imidazolyloxy group. Of these, a phenoxy group or a pyridyloxy group is preferable.
- alkylthio group those having 1 to 20 carbon atoms are preferable, and examples thereof include a methylthio group, an ethylthio group, a propylthio group, a pentylthio group, a hexylthio group, an octylthio group, a dodecylthio group, a cyclopentylthio group, and a cyclohexylthio group. Of these, a methylthio group or an octylthio group is preferable.
- the arylthio group is preferably one having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include a phenylthio group, a naphthylthio group, a pyridylthio group, a thiazolylthio group, an oxazolylthio group, an imidazolylthio group, a furylthio group, and a pyrrolylthio group. Of these, a phenylthio group or a pyridylthio group is preferable.
- the alkylamino group is preferably one having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, for example, methylamino group, ethylamino group, dimethylamino group, diethylamino group, butylamino group, octylamino group, cyclopentylamino group, 2-ethylhexylamino group. Or a dodecylamino group etc. are mentioned. Of these, a dimethylamino group, an octylamino group or a 2-ethylhexylamino group is preferable.
- the arylamino group preferably has 2 to 20 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include an anilino group, diphenylamino group, naphthylamino group, 2-pyridylamino group, and naphthylphenylamino group. Of these, a diphenylamino group is preferable.
- the N-aryl-N-alkylamino group preferably has 3 to 40 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include an N-phenyl-N-methylamino group and an N-naphthyl-N-methylamino group.
- alkylsulfonyl group examples include a methylsulfonyl group, an ethylsulfonyl group, a butylsulfonyl group, an octylsulfonyl group, a cyclohexylsulfonyl group, a 2-ethylhexylsulfonyl group, and a dodecylsulfonyl group.
- an octylsulfonyl group or a 2-ethylhexylsulfonyl group is preferable.
- arylsulfonyl group examples include a phenylsulfonyl group, a naphthylsulfonyl group, and a 2-pyridylsulfonyl group. Of these, a phenylsulfonyl group is preferable.
- the hydrocarbon group which may have a hetero atom exemplified above may further have a substituent.
- substituents that may be present are not particularly limited, but preferably a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, an amino group, an ester group, an alkylcarbonyl group, an acetyl group, a sulfonyl group, a silyl group, and a boryl group.
- halogen atom examples include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom or an iodine atom, and among these, a fluorine atom is preferable.
- hydrocarbon group which may have a hetero atom is an aryl group
- substituent which may further have an alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms or 1 to 12 carbon atoms Of the alkyl group.
- R 1 and R 2 are more preferably a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group which may have a substituent. It is preferable that it is a hydrogen atom at the point which can accelerate
- the alkyl group is preferable in that the solubility of the polymer obtained using the monomer according to the present invention can be improved. From the viewpoint of reactivity, the alkyl group in this case preferably has 12 or less carbon atoms, and more preferably 6 or less.
- Ring A and ring B are preferably rings represented by the following formulas (1a) and (1b).
- X 1 and X 2 are the same as those described for Formula (I).
- one of X 11 and X 12 is an atom selected from Group 16 elements of the periodic table, and the other is a carbon atom.
- one of X 21 and X 22 is an atom selected from Group 16 elements of the periodic table, and the other is a carbon atom.
- one of X 11 and X 12 is an atom selected from Group 16 elements of the periodic table, and the other is a carbon atom.
- the bond between an atom selected from Group 16 elements of the periodic table and C 1 is a single bond, and the bond between a carbon atom and C 1 is a double bond.
- the other carbon atom of X 11 and X 12 is bonded to R 1 described for formula (I).
- one of X 21 and X 22 is an atom selected from Group 16 elements of the periodic table, and the other is a carbon atom.
- the bond between an atom selected from Group 16 elements of the periodic table and C 2 is a single bond, and the bond between a carbon atom and C 2 is a double bond.
- the other carbon atom of X 21 and X 22 is bonded to R 2 described for formula (I).
- One of X 11 and X 12 is more preferably an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, and particularly preferably a sulfur atom among atoms selected from Group 16 elements of the periodic table.
- one of X 11 and X 12 is an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, particularly a sulfur atom, it can be easy to extract a hydrogen atom from the adjacent carbon atom C 1 .
- one of X 21 and X 22 is more preferably an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, and particularly preferably a sulfur atom among atoms selected from Group 16 elements of the periodic table.
- one of X 21 and X 22 is an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, particularly a sulfur atom, it can be easy to extract a hydrogen atom from the adjacent carbon atom C 2 .
- ring C represents an arbitrary ring which may have a substituent. Especially, it is preferable that it is a 5-membered ring or a 6-membered monocycle, or a ring formed by condensing these rings 2-6.
- Examples of the 5-membered monocycle include a 5-membered aromatic ring or a 5-membered aliphatic ring.
- Examples of the 5-membered aromatic ring include thiophene ring, furan ring, pyrrole ring, thiazole ring, oxazole ring, imidazole ring, pyrazole ring, isoxazole ring, isothiazole ring, thiadiazole ring, oxadiazole ring, triazole ring, and selenol.
- a 5-membered aromatic heterocycle such as a ring or a tellurol ring.
- a 5-membered aromatic heterocyclic ring is preferable, and a 5-membered aromatic heterocyclic ring containing a sulfur atom such as a thiophene ring, a thiazole ring, an isothiazole ring or a thiadiazole ring is more preferable, and a thiophene ring is particularly preferable. It is.
- the 5-membered aliphatic ring is a 5-membered aliphatic hydrocarbon ring such as a cyclopentane ring or cyclopentadiene ring; or a tetrahydrofuran ring, a pyrrolidine ring, a borol ring, a silole ring, a gelmol ring, a stanol ring, or a planball ring And a 5-membered aliphatic heterocycle such as a phosphole ring or an arsol ring.
- a 5-membered aliphatic hydrocarbon ring such as a cyclopentane ring or cyclopentadiene ring
- a tetrahydrofuran ring such as a cyclopentane ring or cyclopentadiene ring
- a tetrahydrofuran ring such as a cyclopentane ring or cyclopentadiene ring
- 6-membered monocycle examples include a 6-membered aromatic ring or a 6-membered aliphatic ring.
- 6-membered aromatic ring examples include a 6-membered aromatic hydrocarbon ring such as a benzene ring; or a 6-membered aromatic heterocycle such as a pyridine ring, pyrazine ring, pyrimidine ring or pyridazine ring.
- 6-membered aliphatic ring examples include a 6-membered aliphatic hydrocarbon ring such as a cyclohexane ring; or a 6-membered aliphatic heterocycle such as an oxane ring, a dioxane ring, a piperidine ring, or a piperazine ring.
- Examples of the ring formed by condensing 2 to 6 of these rings include a polycyclic fused aromatic hydrocarbon ring or a polycyclic fused aromatic heterocycle.
- the polycyclic fused aromatic hydrocarbon ring has a ring formed by condensation of 2 or more and 6 or less, and specific examples include a naphthalene ring, an anthracene ring, a fluorene ring or an indacene ring.
- the polycyclic fused aromatic heterocycle has a ring formed by condensing 2 or more and 6 or less, and specific examples include a quinolyl group, an acridinyl group, an indolyl group, an isoquinolyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, and a carbazolyl group.
- the substituent that ring C may have is not particularly limited, but specific examples include a halogen atom, a hydrocarbon group, an aromatic heterocyclic group, an alkylcarbonyl group, an arylcarbonyl group, an alkyl group. Examples thereof include an oxycarbonyl group, an aryloxycarbonyl group, an alkylaminocarbonyl group, an arylaminocarbonyl group, an alkoxy group, and an aryloxy group.
- hydrocarbon group, aromatic heterocyclic group, alkylcarbonyl group, arylcarbonyl group, alkyloxycarbonyl group, aryloxycarbonyl group, alkylaminocarbonyl group, or arylaminocarbonyl group, alkoxy group, aryloxy group are further substituents. You may have.
- a condensed polycyclic aromatic compound represented by the formula (II) or the formula (III) is preferable.
- X 1 , X 2 , R 1 , R 2 and ring C are as defined in formula (I).
- X 11 and X 21 are each independently an atom selected from Group 16 elements of the Periodic Table.
- X 11 and X 21 have the same meanings as in formula (Ia) and formula (Ib), respectively.
- X 1 and X 2 are each independently synonymous with that of formula (I) and represent an active group.
- R 1 and R 2 have the same meaning as that in formula (I), and each independently represents a hydrocarbon group optionally having a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or a hetero atom.
- Z 1 represents Z 11 (R 3 ) (R 4 ), Z 12 (R 5 ) or Z 13 .
- Z 11 (R 3 ) (R 4 ) or Z 13 is preferable, and Z 11 (R 3 ) (R 4 ) is particularly preferable in terms of improving semiconductor characteristics.
- Z 11 represents an atom selected from Group 14 elements of the periodic table.
- Z 11 is the point which may be improved semiconductor properties of the conjugated polymer obtained by using preferably a carbon atom, a silicon atom or a germanium atom, the compound represented by formula (IV), Z 11 represents a silicon atom or More preferably, it is a germanium atom.
- R 3 and R 4 include the same groups as the substituents described above as R 1 and R 2 .
- R 3 and R 4 may be bonded to each other to form a ring, or may be bonded to R 1 or R 2 to form a ring.
- At least one of R 3 and R 4 is preferably an alkyl group or an aromatic group which may have a substituent, and both R 3 and R 4 have a substituent. More preferably, it may be an alkyl group or an aromatic group.
- R 3 and R 4 are an optionally substituted alkyl group.
- the conjugated polymer produced using the compound represented by formula (IV) as a monomer emits light having a longer wavelength. It is preferable from the viewpoint that it can be absorbed.
- R 3 and R 4 are a linear alkyl group which may have a substituent improves the crystallinity of the conjugated polymer produced using the compound represented by formula (IV) as a monomer. This is preferable in that the mobility can be increased.
- At least one of R 3 and R 4 is a branched alkyl group which may have a substituent means that the solubility of the conjugated polymer produced using the compound represented by formula (IV) as a monomer is high.
- the improvement is preferable in that the film formation by the coating process becomes easy.
- at least one of R 3 and R 4 is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably an alkyl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms.
- R 3 and R 4 are an aromatic group which may have a substituent, the interaction between molecules is improved by the interaction between ⁇ electrons. It is preferable in that the mobility of a material containing a conjugated polymer produced using a compound represented by the formula as a monomer tends to be large, and is preferable in that the stability of the cyclic skeleton containing the atom Z 11 tends to be improved. .
- R 3 is a branched alkyl group which may have a substituent
- R 4 is a linear alkyl group which may have a substituent or an aromatic group which may have a substituent.
- the effect of improving the solubility by the branched alkyl group (R 3 ), the effect of improving the crystallinity of the conjugated polymer by the linear alkyl group or the aromatic group (R 4 ), or the effect of improving the intermolecular interaction of the conjugated polymer Both are preferable in that they can be obtained without impairing the respective effects.
- R 3 and R 4 have an alkyl group which may have a substituent, and a substituent. It is preferably an alkenyl group which may be substituted or an aromatic group which may have a substituent.
- Z 12 represents an atom selected from Group 15 elements of the periodic table.
- Z 12 is preferably a nitrogen atom, a phosphorus atom or an arsenic atom, and Z is a nitrogen atom or phosphorus in that the semiconductor properties of the conjugated polymer obtained using the compound represented by formula (IV) can be improved.
- An atom is more preferable, and a nitrogen atom is particularly preferable.
- R 5 includes the same groups as the substituents described above as R 3 and R 4 . Preferably, it is the alkyl group which may have a substituent, or the aromatic group which may have a substituent. R 5 may combine with R 1 or R 2 to form a ring.
- Z 13 represents an atom selected from Group 16 elements of the periodic table.
- Z 13 is preferably an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, or a selenium atom, and Z 13 is an oxygen atom or a point in that the semiconductor properties of the conjugated polymer obtained using the compound represented by the formula (IV) can be improved.
- a sulfur atom is more preferable, and a sulfur atom is more preferable.
- X 1 and X 2 are the same as those described for the formula (II).
- R 1 and R 2 are the same as those described for formula (II).
- R 6 and R 7 may have a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group which may have a substituent, an alkenyl group which may have a substituent, or a substituent. It is a good alkynyl group, an aromatic group which may have a substituent, an alkoxy group which may have a substituent, or an aryloxy group which may have a substituent. Of these, an alkyl group which may have a substituent is preferable in terms of improving solubility, and an alkoxy group which may have a substituent in terms of easy introduction of the substituent.
- halogen atom alkyl group, alkenyl group, alkynyl group or aromatic group is the same as described for R 1 and R 2 .
- alkoxy group those having 1 to 20 carbon atoms are preferable.
- aryloxy group those having 2 to 20 carbon atoms are preferable, and examples thereof include a phenoxy group, a naphthyloxy group, a pyridyloxy group, a thiazolyloxy group, an oxazolyloxy group, and an imidazolyloxy group. Of these, a phenoxy group or a pyridyloxy group is preferable.
- the substituents that the alkyl group, alkenyl group, alkynyl group, aromatic group, alkoxy group and aryloxy group may be substituted are the alkyl group, alkenyl group, alkynyl group and aromatic group substituted by R 1 and R 2. It is the same as the substituent that may be used.
- X 1 and X 2 are the same as those described for the formula (II).
- R 1 and R 2 are the same as those described for the formula (II), and R 8 to R 11 include the same groups as those described above as R 3 and R 4 .
- R 8 to R 11 include the same groups as those described above as R 3 and R 4 .
- at least 1 of R ⁇ 3 > and R ⁇ 4 > is the alkyl group or aromatic group which may have a substituent.
- R 1 and R 8 , R 2 and R 11 , R 8 and R 9, and R 10 and R 11 may be bonded to each other to form a ring.
- R 12 and R 13 may be the same groups as those described above as R 1 and R 2 . Of these, a hydrogen atom is preferable from the viewpoint of ease of synthesis.
- R 9 and R 13 and R 10 and R 12 may be bonded to each other to form a ring.
- Z 2 and Z 3 each independently represent an atom selected from Group 14 elements of the periodic table.
- Z 2 and Z 3 may be the same or different, but the same is preferable in terms of compound stability.
- Z 2 and Z 3 are preferably a carbon atom, a silicon atom or a germanium atom, and a silicon atom or a silicon atom in that the semiconductor properties of the conjugated polymer obtained using the compound represented by the formula (VI) can be improved. More preferably, it is a germanium atom.
- X 1 and X 2 are the same as those described for Formula (II), and R 1 and R 2 are the same as those described for Formula (II).
- R 14 and R 15 may be the same groups as those described above as R 3 and R 4 in formula (IV). Of these, an alkyl group which may have a substituent is preferable.
- Z 4 represents an atom selected from Group 16 elements of the periodic table.
- Z 4 is preferably an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom or a selenium atom, a point which can be improved semiconductor properties of the conjugated polymer obtained by using a compound represented by formula (VII),
- Z 4 is an oxygen atom or a A sulfur atom is more preferable, and an oxygen atom is particularly preferable.
- Me represents a methyl group (—CH 3 )
- Et represents an ethyl group (—C 2 H 5 )
- i-Pr represents an i-propyl group (—CH (CH 3 ) 2
- n-Bu represents an n-butyl group (—CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 )
- tBu represents a t-butyl group (—C (CH 3 ) 3 ).
- the monomer according to the present invention is not particularly limited.
- a known document Journal of the American Chemical Society (2009), 131 (22), 7792-7799., Chemical Communications (Cambridge, United Kingdom) 20). 46 (35), 6503-6505, International Publication No. 2011/052709).
- an anion species corresponding to the compound represented by formula (I) is generated using a base such as an organometallic reagent, and X 1 in formula (I) or Production by reacting with an electrophile corresponding to X 2 is preferred in that the compound represented by formula (I) can be produced with high purity without undergoing a special purification step.
- the base may be anything as long as it generates an anionic species without decomposing the compound.
- a metal hydride a metal alkoxide having a bulky substituent, an amine, a phosphazene base, and a bulky substituent.
- a metal magnesium reagent Grignard reagent
- a metal amide or the like can be used. From the viewpoint of suppressing nucleophilic attack on the atom Q or the substituents Z 1 to Z 2 of the reaction product and suppressing the formation of by-products, it is preferable to use a non-nucleophilic base.
- metal hydride examples include lithium hydride, sodium hydride, and potassium hydride.
- metal alkoxide having a bulky substituent examples include lithium t-butoxide, sodium t-butoxide, and potassium t-butoxide.
- Examples of amines include 1,8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7-ene (DBU), 1,5-diazabicyclo [4.3.0] non-5-ene (DBN), And tertiary amines such as 4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane.
- DBU 1,8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7-ene
- DBN 1,5-diazabicyclo [4.3.0] non-5-ene
- tertiary amines such as 4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane.
- Phosphazene bases include 2-t-butylimino-2-diethylamino-1,3-dimethylperhydro-1,3,2-diazaphosphorine, t-butylimino-tris (dimethylamino) phosphorane, 1-t (dimethylamino)- 2 ⁇ 5 , 4 ⁇ 5 -catenadi (phosphazene), or 1-t-butyl-4,4,4-tris (dimethylamino) -2,2-bis- [tris (dimethylamino) phosphoranylideneamino] -2 ⁇ 5 , 4 ⁇ 5 -catenadi (phosphazene) and the like.
- Examples of the metal magnesium reagent having a bulky substituent include 1,1-dimethylpropylmagnesium chloride, sec-butylmagnesium chloride, t-butylmagnesium chloride, isopropylmagnesium chloride, and isopropylmagnesium bromide. .
- metal amide examples include lithium diisopropylamide (LDA), lithium dicyclohexylamide, magnesium bis (diisopropyl) amide, lithium 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl (LiTMP), 2,2,6,6- Dialkylamides such as tetramethylpiperidinylmagnesium or 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinylmagnesium bromide; or lithium bis (trimethylsilyl) amide (also known as lithium hexamethyldisilazide), Sodium bis (trimethylsilyl) amide (also known as sodium hexamethyldisilazide), potassium bis (trimethylsilyl) amide (also known as potassium hexamethyldisilazide), or magnesium bis (hexamethyldisilazide) Hydrazide compounds; and metal amides having a bulky substituent, such as.
- LDA lithium diisopropylamide
- LiTMP 2,2,6,6
- a metal amide having a bulky substituent In order to lower the nucleophilicity of the base, it is preferable to use a metal amide having a bulky substituent. However, since a metal amide usually has a low nucleophilicity, it is also possible to use a non-bulky metal amide such as sodium amide. it can.
- the metal alkoxide having a bulky substituent As the metal alkoxide having a bulky substituent, the metal magnesium reagent having a bulky substituent, and the metal amide having a bulky substituent, for example, the carbon atom to which the oxygen atom is bonded is a secondary or tertiary carbon.
- the value of pKa in tetrahydrofuran (THF) of the base conjugate acid is preferably 20 or more and 40 or less. By being 20 or more, the hydrogen atom on the ring A and the ring B can be rapidly deprotonated. By being 40 or less, the hydrogen atom on the ring A and the ring B can be deprotonated selectively.
- the base is preferably a metal amide, and particularly preferably a metal amide having a bulky substituent.
- the pKa of lithium diisopropylamide (LDA), one of the metal amides is 35.7 (see J, Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 7790-7791) in THF.
- the electrophile is not particularly limited.
- the trialkyltin halide compound include trimethyltin chloride, trimethyltin bromide, trimethyltin iodide, triethyltin chloride, triethyltin bromide, triethyltin iodide, tributyltin chloride, tributyltin bromide, tributyltin iodide, or chloride.
- tricyclohexyl tin tricyclohexyl tin.
- X 1 and X 2 are preferably a trimethylstannyl group or a tributylstannyl group.
- a trimethylstannyl group it is preferable to use, for example, trimethyltin chloride, trimethyltin bromide or trimethyltin iodide as an electrophile.
- a tributylstannyl group it is preferable to use, for example, tributyltin chloride, tributyltin bromide, or tributyltin iodide as an electrophile. Particularly preferred as the electrophile is trimethyltin chloride.
- the electrophile is not particularly limited, but a boric acid triester is preferably used. It is done.
- boric acid triesters include trimethyl borate, triethyl borate, triisopropyl borate, tributyl borate, tris borate (hexafluoroisopropyl), tris borate (trimethylsilyl), 2-methoxy-4,4,6- Trimethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborinane, 2-ethoxy-4,4,6-trimethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborinane, 2-isopropoxy-4,4,6-trimethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborinane 2-methoxy-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane, 2-isopropoxy-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane, etc. It is done.
- Preferred electrophiles are trimethyl borate, triisopropyl borate, 2-isopropoxy-4,4,6-trimethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborinane, 2-methoxy-4,4,5,5-tetra Methyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane or 2-isopropoxy-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane is used, more preferably 2-isopropoxy-4,4 , 6-trimethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborinane, 2-methoxy-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane, 2-isopropoxy-4,4,5,5-tetra Methyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane is used.
- a compound having a boric acid ester residue obtained by reaction with a boric acid triester can be isolated as it is, or after the boric acid ester residue is hydrolyzed to a boronic acid residue, the compound is simply isolated. May be separated.
- a boric acid ester residue is introduced to a boronic acid residue, even if an attempt is made to isolate a compound having a boronic acid residue, the obtained substance tends to be a mixture of a compound having a boronic acid residue and a boroxine derivative. When such a mixture is used, it is more difficult to control the equivalent ratio in the polymerization reaction, and thus it is more preferable to isolate a compound having a boric acid ester residue.
- the electrophile is not particularly limited, but 1-chloro-1-methyl Silacyclobutane, 1-bromo-1-methylsilacyclobutane, 1,3-dihydro-1,1-dimethyl-2,1-benzoxacylol, 1,3-dihydro-1,1,3,3-tetramethyl- 2,1-benzoxacylol and the like are preferably used.
- the condensed polycyclic aromatic compound represented by the formula (I) is synthesized by such a method, a base, an electrophile, or a metal produced from these is included in the reaction crude product unless purification is performed. It is considered that impurities such as salts or low molecular weight compounds are contained. Since the purification method according to the present invention is suitable for removing these impurities, it can be suitably used in combination with the method for producing the condensed polycyclic aromatic compound represented by the formula (I) described above.
- the condensed polycyclic aromatic compound represented by the formula (I) can be produced using the condensed polycyclic aromatic compound represented by the following formula (VIII).
- the condensed polycyclic aromatic compound represented by the formula (VIII) is reacted with the above-mentioned base to be deprotonated, and the resulting anion species and the above-mentioned electrophile are reacted to form the formula
- the condensed polycyclic aromatic compound represented by (I) can be obtained.
- the reaction of reacting the base with the condensed polycyclic aromatic compound represented by the formula (VIII) and the reaction of further reacting the electrophile are usually carried out in an organic solvent.
- the organic solvent is not particularly limited as long as it is a solvent that dissolves part or all of the condensed polycyclic aromatic compound represented by the formula (II) and does not react with the base and the electrophile, but tetrahydrofuran (THF)
- An ether solvent such as 1,4-dioxane or diethyl ether; an aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent such as hexane or heptane; an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent such as toluene or xylene; Two or more kinds of solvents may be mixed and used.
- the reaction temperature is not particularly limited, but is usually ⁇ 100 ° C. or higher, preferably ⁇ 80 ° C. or higher, and usually 80 ° C. or lower, preferably 20 ° C. or lower.
- the reaction is performed with nitrogen or argon. It is preferable to carry out in inert gas atmosphere.
- the order in which the base and the electrophile are put into the system may be either as long as the base and the electrophile do not react. From the viewpoint of avoiding the factor that the by-product generates as much as possible, it is preferable to add the base first.
- the base and the electrophile may be added all at once in the reaction solution, or may be added in several times.
- the method of sequentially adding a base and an electrophile is preferable in that a diactive group-substituted product can be obtained efficiently.
- Sequential addition refers to repeating a series of operations of adding a part of an electrophile after adding a part of a base a plurality of times. Such sequential addition is preferable because difunctionalization can be performed without generating unstable dianion species, and the chance of by-products can be reduced. Furthermore, even when a mono-active group substituent is by-produced, the mono-active group substituent can be converted to a di-active group substituent by further deprotonation with a base and subsequent reaction with an electrophile. it can.
- a method of adding the electrophile all at once and then sequentially adding the base is also conceivable.
- the base and the electrophile may be continuously added without performing the work-up operation, or the base and the electrophile may be further added to the crude product obtained by once performing the work-up operation. Also good.
- the by-product mono-active group substituent is It can be converted into a diactive group substituent.
- An equivalent or more base is used.
- “a equivalent” means 100 ⁇ a mol%.
- the amount of base is usually 20 equivalents or less, preferably 10 equivalents or less, more preferably 5 equivalents or less.
- the amount of electrophilic reagent is usually 20 equivalents or less, preferably 10 equivalents or less, more preferably 5 equivalents or less.
- the monomer according to the present invention is useful as a raw material for polymers, particularly conjugated polymers.
- a conjugated polymer (sometimes referred to as a conjugated polymer according to the present invention) is obtained.
- a conjugated polymer (sometimes referred to as a conjugated polymer according to the present invention) is obtained.
- the dihalogenated conjugated compound for example, a dihalogenated aromatic compound, particularly a dihalogenated aromatic heterocyclic compound, can be preferably used from the viewpoint of improving the semiconductor properties of the resulting conjugated polymer.
- a bromo group can be preferably used from the viewpoint of improving the reactivity.
- the dihalogenated conjugated compound include known literature (Weinheim, Germany) (2008), 20 (13), 2556-2560. Macromolecules (Washington, DC, United States) (2009), 42 (17), 6564-6571. , J .; Am. Chem. Soc. , 132, 7595-7597 (2010), Advanced Materials (Weinheim, Germany) (2003), 15 (12), 988-991 Macromolecules (2005), 38 (2), 244-253. Macromolecules (Washington, DC, United States) (2008), 41 (16), 6012-6018.
- the coupling reaction can be performed according to a known method.
- the reaction may be performed according to known Stille coupling reaction conditions.
- Z 1 and Z 2 are optionally substituted boryl groups
- the reaction may be performed according to the known conditions of Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction.
- X 1 and X 2 are silyl groups which may have a substituent
- the reaction may be carried out according to the known conditions of the Hiyama coupling reaction.
- a catalyst for the coupling reaction for example, a combination of a transition metal such as palladium and a ligand (for example, a phosphine ligand such as triphenylphosphine) can be used.
- the method for producing a conjugated polymer according to the present invention is a method for producing a conjugated polymer comprising a step of polymerizing one or more monomers by a coupling reaction, comprising one or more homogeneous transition metal complex catalysts, 1 It is preferable to perform a monomer coupling reaction using a heterogeneous transition metal complex catalyst of one or more species in combination.
- each transition metal catalyst active species is formed by reacting with a transition metal salt and a ligand, and then each is subjected to a coupling reaction.
- the transition metal catalyst active species may be formed by reacting a transition metal salt with a ligand in the reaction system.
- a conjugated polymer having a higher molecular weight can be obtained by using a monomer coupling reaction in combination with a homogeneous and heterogeneous transition metal catalyst. Moreover, since the photoelectric conversion element excellent in photoelectric conversion efficiency can be obtained by using conjugated polymer with larger molecular weight, it is suitable for a solar cell and its module use.
- the purification method of the present invention can be particularly suitably used in combination with the above polymerization reaction.
- the conjugated polymer according to the present invention can be used for organic electronic devices. If the conjugated polymer which concerns on this invention is applicable, there will be no restriction
- a known technique can be used for the configuration of the organic electronic device and the manufacturing method thereof. Specifically, Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells 96 (2012) 155-159, International Publication No. 2011-016430, or Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2012. The materials described in publicly known documents such as -191194 can be adopted.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) and molecular weight distribution (PDI) of the copolymer were determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Specifically, Shim-pac GPC-803 and GPC-804 (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation, inner diameter 8.0 mm, length 30 cm) are connected in series as columns, LC-10AT as a pump, oven CTO-10A as a detector, a differential refractive index detector (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation: RID-10A), and a UV-vis detector (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation: SPD-10A).
- GPC gel permeation chromatography
- the conjugated polymer to be measured was dissolved in chloroform, and 5 ⁇ L of the resulting solution was injected into the column. Chloroform was used as a mobile phase, and measurement was performed at a flow rate of 1.0 mL / min. LC-Solution (Shimadzu Corporation) was used for the analysis.
- Proton NMR measurement Proton NMR was measured with an NMR measuring device (device name: Bruker, 400 MHz). Specifically, deuterated chloroform was used as a heavy solvent and tetramethylsilane was used as an internal standard to determine the chemical shift. In addition, the chemical shift of the mono-substituted, di-substituted, or unsubstituted aromatic moiety of the active group (trimethylstannyl group) was identified by proton NMR, and the ratio of the above compounds was identified by the peak integral value.
- Compound E2 was synthesized with reference to a method described in a known document (Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 130, pages 16144-16145 (2008)). Specifically, the synthesis was performed as follows.
- a tetrahydrofuran solution of trimethyltin chloride (manufactured by Aldrich, 1.0 M, 2.9 mL, 1.2 eq) was added dropwise, followed by stirring for 40 minutes. Further, a tetrahydrofuran / hexane solution of lithium diisopropylamide (LDA) (manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Inc., concentration 1.11M, 2.6 mL, 1.2 eq) was added dropwise and stirred for 40 minutes. Further, a tetrahydrofuran solution of trimethyltin chloride (manufactured by Aldrich, 1.0 M, 2.9 mL, 1.2 eq) was added dropwise, followed by stirring for 40 minutes.
- LDA lithium diisopropylamide
- a tetrahydrofuran / hexane solution of lithium diisopropylamide (LDA) (manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Inc., concentration 1.11M, 2.6 mL, 1.2 eq) was added dropwise and stirred for 40 minutes.
- a tetrahydrofuran solution of trimethyltin chloride (manufactured by Aldrich, 1.0 M, 3.1 mL, 1.3 eq) was added dropwise, and the temperature was slowly raised to room temperature.
- Compound E3 was synthesized with reference to a method described in a known document (Macromolecules 44, 7188-7193 (2011)). Specifically, the synthesis was performed as follows.
- Compound E4 was synthesized with reference to a method described in a publicly known document (Journal of Materials Chemistry Vol. 21, pp. 3895-3902 (2011)). Specifically, the synthesis was performed as follows.
- the ratio (molar ratio) of the mono-substituted product (Ar (1)) and unsubstituted product (Ar (0)) in the compound after column charge was 100%, and the recovery efficiency of the di-substituted product was 0%. It was.
- the recovery efficiency (%) of the di-substituted product indicates di-substituted product (g) in the compound after column charge / di-substituted product (g) before column charge ⁇ 100.
- Comparative Example A2 In the method described in Comparative Example A1, as a column material, instead of silica gel / potassium carbonate, silica gel (manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., product name Silica gel 60N, Natural neutral, for column chromatography (particle size 63 to 210 ⁇ m, pH 7.0) The treatment was performed in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that ⁇ 0.5) and 20 g) were used and hexane containing 10% by weight of triethylamine was used as a developing solvent. As a result of the treatment, an oily compound (0.94 g, yield 94%) was obtained.
- silica gel manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., product name Silica gel 60N, Natural neutral
- the ratio (molar ratio) of the mono-substituted product (Ar (1)) to the unsubstituted product (Ar (0)) in the compound after column charge was 75%, and the recovery efficiency of the di-substituted product was 24%. It was.
- the ratio (molar ratio) of the mono-substituted product (Ar (1)) and the unsubstituted product (Ar (0)) in the compound after column charge was 90%, and the recovery efficiency of the di-substituted product was 9%. It was.
- the ratio (molar ratio) of the mono-substituted product (Ar (1)) and unsubstituted product (Ar (0)) in the compound after column charge was 100%, and the recovery efficiency of the di-substituted product was 0%. It was.
- the ratio (molar ratio) of the mono-substituted product (Ar (1)) and unsubstituted product (Ar (0)) in the compound after column charge was 100%, and the recovery efficiency of the di-substituted product was 0%. It was.
- the ratio (molar ratio) of the mono-substituted product (Ar (1)) and unsubstituted product (Ar (0)) in the compound after column charge was 20%, and the recovery efficiency of the di-substituted product was 75%. It was.
- the ratio (molar ratio) of the mono-substituted product (Ar (1)) to the unsubstituted product (Ar (0)) in the compound after column charge was 17%, and the recovery efficiency of the di-substituted product was 78%. It was.
- Comparative Example A8 In the method described in Comparative Example A1, treatment was performed in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1, except that Celite (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemicals, product name No. 545, 20 g) was used as the column material instead of silica gel / potassium carbonate. went. As a result of the treatment, an oily compound (2.9 g, yield 99%) was obtained. When the obtained compound was confirmed by proton NMR, a mono-substituted product (Ar (1)) and an unsubstituted product (Ar (0)) were not detected, and it was a compound E2 (di-substituted product).
- the ratio (molar ratio) of the mono-substituted product (Ar (1)) to the unsubstituted product (Ar (0)) in the compound after column charge was 0%, and the recovery efficiency of the di-substituted product was 98%. It was.
- the ratio (molar ratio) of the mono-substituted product (Ar (1)) and unsubstituted product (Ar (0)) in the compound after column charge was 100%, and the recovery efficiency of the di-substituted product was 0%. It was.
- the obtained compound was confirmed by proton NMR, the obtained compound was confirmed by proton NMR.
- the disubstituted product (Ar (2)) was not present, and the monosubstituted product (Ar (1)) and unsubstituted It was a mixture (1: 4) of the body (Ar (0)).
- the ratio of the mono-substituted and unsubstituted trimethylstannyl groups to the compound E7 (di-substituted trimethylstannyl group) before charging the column (mol conversion) was 98%.
- the ratio (molar ratio) of the mono-substituted product (Ar (1)) and unsubstituted product (Ar (0)) in the compound after column charge was 100%, and the recovery efficiency of the di-substituted product was 0%. It was.
- the ratio (molar ratio) of the mono-substituted product (Ar (1)) and unsubstituted product (Ar (0)) in the compound after column charge was 100%, and the recovery efficiency of the di-substituted product was 0%. It was.
- the ratio (molar ratio) of the mono-substituted product (Ar (1)) and unsubstituted product (Ar (0)) in the compound after column charge was 100%, and the recovery efficiency of the di-substituted product was 0%. It was.
- Example A1> In the method described in Comparative Example A1, zeolite A-3 (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemicals, product name Zeolite, Synthetic, A-3, Powder, through 75 ⁇ m, 30 g) was used as the column material instead of silica gel / potassium carbonate. Except for this, the same treatment as in Comparative Example 1 was performed. As a result of the treatment, an oily compound (0.97 g, yield 97%) was obtained.
- zeolite A-3 is a synthetic zeolite, the chemical composition is (0.4K + 0.6Na) 2 O ⁇ Al 2 O 3 ⁇ 2SiO 2, the average pore diameter is 3 ⁇ (Wako Analytical circle No.22 , P.14 (20011.9).).
- the ratio (molar ratio) of the mono-substituted product (Ar (1)) to the unsubstituted product (Ar (0)) in the compound after column charge was 0%, and the recovery efficiency of the di-substituted product was 97%. It was.
- Example A2 In the method described in Comparative Example A1, zeolite A-4 (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemicals, product name Zeolite, Synthetic, A-4, Powder, through 75 ⁇ m, 30 g) was used as the column material instead of silica gel / potassium carbonate. Except for this, the same treatment as in Comparative Example 1 was performed. As a result of the treatment, an oily compound (0.96 g, yield 96%) was obtained.
- zeolite A-4 is a synthetic zeolite, the chemical composition is Na 2 O ⁇ Al 2 O 3 ⁇ 2SiO 2, the average pore diameter is 4 ⁇ (Wako Analytical circle No.22, p.14 (2001 .9).).
- the ratio (molar ratio) of mono-substituted product (Ar (1)) to unsubstituted product (Ar (0)) in the compound after column charge was 0%, and the recovery efficiency of di-substituted product was 96%. It was.
- Example A3 In the method described in Comparative Example A1, as a column material, instead of silica gel / potassium carbonate, zeolite A-5 (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemicals, product name Zeolite, Synthetic, A-5, Beads, 2.36-4.75 mm, 30 g) was processed in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that it was ground and powdered in a mortar. As a result of the treatment, an oily compound (0.95 g, yield 95%) was obtained.
- zeolite A-5 manufactured by Wako Pure Chemicals, product name Zeolite, Synthetic, A-5, Beads, 2.36-4.75 mm, 30 g
- the ratio (molar ratio) of the mono-substituted product (Ar (1)) to the unsubstituted product (Ar (0)) in the compound after column charge was 0%, and the recovery efficiency of the di-substituted product was 95%. It was.
- Example A4 In the method described in Comparative Example A1, except that zeolite F-9 (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemicals, product name Zeolite, Synthetic, F-9, Powder, 30 g) was used as the column material instead of silica gel / potassium carbonate. The same treatment as in Comparative Example 1 was performed. As a result of the treatment, an oily compound (0.93 g, yield 93%) was obtained.
- zeolite F-9 manufactured by Wako Pure Chemicals, product name Zeolite, Synthetic, F-9, Powder, 30 g
- zeolite F-9 is a synthetic zeolite, the chemical composition is Na 2 O ⁇ Al 2 O 3 ⁇ 2.5SiO 2, the average pore diameter is 9 ⁇ (Wako Analytical circle No.22, p.14 (2001. 9).).
- the ratio (molar ratio) of the mono-substituted product (Ar (1)) to the unsubstituted product (Ar (0)) in the compound after column charge was 0%, and the recovery efficiency of the di-substituted product was 93%. It was.
- Example A5 In the method described in Comparative Example A1, zeolite HS-720 (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemicals, product name Zeolite, Synthetic, HS-720, powder, potassium ferrilite, 30 g) was used as the column material instead of silica gel / potassium carbonate. Except for this, the same treatment as in Comparative Example 1 was performed. As a result of the treatment, an oily compound (0.95 g, yield 95%) was obtained.
- Zeolite HS-720 has a cation type (C): K, SiO 2 / Al 2 O 3 (mol / mol): 17.7, Surface area (BET, m 2 / g): 170, mean particle size ( Average particle diameter, ⁇ m): 20-30.
- the ratio (molar ratio) of the mono-substituted product (Ar (1)) to the unsubstituted product (Ar (0)) in the compound after column charge was 0%, and the recovery efficiency of the di-substituted product was 95%. It was.
- Example A6 In the method described in Comparative Example A1, zeolite HS-320 (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemicals, product name Zeolite, Synthetic, HS-320, powder, Hydrogen Y, 30 g) was used as the column material instead of silica gel / potassium carbonate. Except for this, the same treatment as in Comparative Example 1 was performed. As a result of the treatment, an oily compound (0.96 g, yield 96%) was obtained.
- zeolite HS-320 manufactured by Wako Pure Chemicals, product name Zeolite, Synthetic, HS-320, powder, Hydrogen Y, 30 g
- Zeolite HS-320 is a cation type (cation type): H, SiO 2 / Al 2 O 3 (mol / mol): 5.5, Surface area (BET, m 2 / g): 550, Mean particle size ( Average particle diameter, ⁇ m): 6-10.
- the ratio (molar ratio) of mono-substituted product (Ar (1)) to unsubstituted product (Ar (0)) in the compound after column charge was 0%, and the recovery efficiency of di-substituted product was 96%. It was.
- Example A7 In the method described in Comparative Example A1, zeolite HS-341 (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemicals, product name Zeolite, Synthetic, HS-341, Powder, Ammonium Y, 30 g) was used as the column material instead of silica gel / potassium carbonate. Except for this, the same treatment as in Comparative Example 1 was performed. As a result of the treatment, an oily compound (0.95 g, yield 95%) was obtained.
- Zeolite HS-341 has a cation type (cation type): NH 3 , SiO 2 / Al 2 O 3 (mol / mol): 7, Surface area (BET, m 2 / g): 700, Mean particle size (average) Particle diameter, ⁇ m): 2-4.
- the ratio (molar ratio) of the mono-substituted product (Ar (1)) to the unsubstituted product (Ar (0)) in the compound after column charge was 0%, and the recovery efficiency of the di-substituted product was 95%. It was.
- Example A8> In the method described in Comparative Example A1, zeolite HS-500 (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemicals, product name Zeolite, Synthetic, HS-500, Powder, Potassium L, 30 g) was used as the column material instead of silica gel / potassium carbonate. Except for this, the same treatment as in Comparative Example 1 was performed. As a result of the treatment, an oily compound (0.94 g, yield 94%) was obtained.
- Zeolite HS-500 is a cation type (cation type): K, SiO 2 / Al 2 O 3 (mol / mol): 6, surface area (BET, m 2 / g): 280, mean particle size (average particle) (Diameter, ⁇ m): 2 to 4.
- the ratio (molar ratio) of the mono-substituted product (Ar (1)) to the unsubstituted product (Ar (0)) in the compound after column charge was 0%, and the recovery efficiency of the di-substituted product was 94%. It was.
- Example A9 In the method described in Comparative Example A1, zeolite HS-642 (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemicals, product name Zeolite, Synthetic, HS-642, Powder Mordite, 30 g) was used as the column material instead of silica gel / potassium carbonate. Except for this, the same treatment as in Comparative Example 1 was performed. As a result of the treatment, an oily compound (0.94 g, yield 94%) was obtained.
- the zeolite HS-642 is a cation type (cation type): Na 8 [Al 8 Si 40 O 96 ] ⁇ 24H 2 O.
- the ratio (molar ratio) of the mono-substituted product (Ar (1)) to the unsubstituted product (Ar (0)) in the compound after column charge was 0%, and the recovery efficiency of the di-substituted product was 94%. It was.
- Example A10> In the method described in Comparative Example A1, zeolite HS-690 (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemicals, product name Zeolite, Synthetic, HS-690, Powder, Hydrogen Mordenite, 30 g) was used as the column material instead of silica gel / potassium carbonate. Except for this, the same treatment as in Comparative Example 1 was performed. As a result of the treatment, an oily compound (0.95, yield 95%) was obtained.
- Zeolite HS-690 has a cation type (H), SiO 2 / Al 2 O 3 (mol / mol): 200, Surface area (BET, m 2 / g): 420, Mean particle size (average particle) (Diameter, ⁇ m): 5-7.
- the ratio (molar ratio) of the mono-substituted product (Ar (1)) to the unsubstituted product (Ar (0)) in the compound after column charge was 0%, and the recovery efficiency of the di-substituted product was 95%. It was.
- Example A11> In the method described in Example A1, treatment was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that Compound E3 (0.5 g) obtained in Synthesis Example 2 was used instead of Compound E2 obtained in Synthesis Example 1. Went. As a result of the treatment, an oily compound (0.48 g, yield 96%) was obtained.
- the ratio (molar ratio) of mono-substituted product (Ar (1)) to unsubstituted product (Ar (0)) in the compound after column charge was 0%, and the recovery efficiency of di-substituted product was 96%. It was.
- Example A12 In the method described in Example A1, treatment was performed in the same manner as in Example 1, except that Compound E4 (0.5 g) obtained in Synthesis Example 3 was used instead of Compound E1 obtained in Synthesis Example 1. Went. As a result of the treatment, an oily compound (0.49 g, yield 98%) was obtained.
- the ratio (molar ratio) of the mono-substituted product (Ar (1)) to the unsubstituted product (Ar (0)) in the compound after column charge was 0%, and the recovery efficiency of the di-substituted product was 98%. It was.
- Example A13 The treatment was performed in the same manner except that the compound E5 (5.7 g) obtained in Synthesis Example 4 was used instead of the compound E2 obtained in Synthesis Example 1, and an oily compound (5.6 g, yield) was obtained. 98%) was obtained.
- the ratio (molar ratio) of the mono-substituted product (Ar (1)) to the unsubstituted product (Ar (0)) in the compound after column charge was 0%, and the recovery efficiency of the di-substituted product was 98%. It was.
- Example A14> The treatment was performed in the same manner except that the compound E6 (3.1 g) obtained in Synthesis Example 5 was used instead of the compound E2 obtained in Synthesis Example 1, and an oily compound (2.9 g, yield) was obtained. 94%) was obtained.
- the obtained compound was confirmed by proton NMR, it was Compound E6, and the presence of the detinned compound could not be confirmed.
- the zeolite after contacting with the compound E6 obtained in Synthesis Example 5 changed from colorless to pale yellow, indicating that the impurities were adsorbed, and the recovery rate also indicates that the impurities were adsorbed on the zeolite.
- the ratio (molar ratio) of the mono-substituted product (Ar (1)) to the unsubstituted product (Ar (0)) in the compound after column charge was 0%, and the recovery efficiency of the di-substituted product was 94%. It was.
- Example A15 The same treatment was carried out except that the compound E7 (6.0 g) obtained in Synthesis Example 6 was used instead of the compound E2 obtained in Synthesis Example 1, and an oily compound (5.9 g, yield) was obtained. 98%) was obtained.
- the obtained compound was confirmed by proton NMR, it was Compound E7, and the presence of the detinned compound could not be confirmed.
- the zeolite after contacting with the compound E7 obtained in Synthesis Example 6 changed from colorless to pale yellow, indicating that the impurities were adsorbed, and the recovery rate also indicates that the impurities were adsorbed on the zeolite.
- the ratio (molar ratio) of the mono-substituted product (Ar (1)) to the unsubstituted product (Ar (0)) in the compound after column charge was 0%, and the recovery efficiency of the di-substituted product was 98%. It was.
- Example A16> The treatment was performed in the same manner except that the compound E8 (3.2 g) obtained in Synthesis Example 7 was used instead of the compound E2 obtained in Synthesis Example 1, and an oily compound (3.1 g, yield) was obtained. 97%) was obtained.
- the obtained compound was confirmed by proton NMR, it was Compound E7, and the presence of the detinned compound could not be confirmed.
- the zeolite after contacting with compound E8 obtained in Synthesis Example 7 turns from colorless to pale yellow, indicating that the impurities have been adsorbed, and the recovery rate also shows that the impurities have been adsorbed on the zeolite.
- the ratio (molar ratio) of the mono-substituted product (Ar (1)) to the unsubstituted product (Ar (0)) in the compound after column charge was 0%, and the recovery efficiency of the di-substituted product was 97%. It was.
- Example A17> The treatment was performed in the same manner except that the compound E12 (3.5 g) obtained in Synthesis Example 8 was used instead of the compound E2 obtained in Synthesis Example 1, and an oily compound (3.3 g, yield) was obtained. 94%) was obtained.
- the obtained compound was confirmed by proton NMR, it was Compound E12, and the presence of the detinned compound could not be confirmed.
- the zeolite after contacting with the compound E12 obtained in Synthesis Example 8 changed from colorless to pale yellow, indicating that the impurities were adsorbed, and the recovery rate also indicates that the impurities were adsorbed on the zeolite.
- the ratio (molar ratio) of the mono-substituted product (Ar (1)) to the unsubstituted product (Ar (0)) in the compound after column charge was 0%, and the recovery efficiency of the di-substituted product was 94%. It was.
- Example A18> The treatment was performed in the same manner except that the compound E13 (2.7 g) obtained in Synthesis Example 9 was used instead of the compound E2 obtained in Synthesis Example 1, and an oily compound (2.5 g, yield) was obtained. 93%) was obtained.
- the obtained compound was confirmed by proton NMR, it was the compound E13 and the presence of the detinned compound could not be confirmed.
- the zeolite after contacting with the compound E13 obtained in Synthesis Example 9 changed from colorless to pale yellow, indicating that the impurities were adsorbed, and the recovery rate also indicates that the impurities were adsorbed on the zeolite.
- the ratio (molar ratio) of the mono-substituted product (Ar (1)) to the unsubstituted product (Ar (0)) in the compound after column charge was 0%, and the recovery efficiency of the di-substituted product was 93%. It was.
- Example A19> The treatment was performed in the same manner except that the compound E15 (3.0 g) obtained in Synthesis Example 10 was used instead of the compound E2 obtained in Synthesis Example 1, and an oily compound (2.94 g, yield) was obtained. 98%) was obtained.
- the obtained compound was confirmed by proton NMR, it was Compound E15, and the presence of the tin-free compound could not be confirmed.
- the ratio (molar ratio) of the mono-substituted product (Ar (1)) to the unsubstituted product (Ar (0)) in the compound after column charge was 0%, and the recovery efficiency of the di-substituted product was 98%. It was.
- reaction solution was diluted 4-fold with toluene and further stirred with heating for 0.5 hours. Then, as a terminal treatment, trimethyl (phenyl) tin (0.043 mL) was added and stirred with heating for 6 hours, and further bromobenzene (2. 0 mL) was added, and the mixture was heated and stirred for 11 hours. The reaction solution was poured into methanol, and the deposited precipitate was collected by filtration.
- the obtained solid was dissolved in chloroform, diamine silica gel (manufactured by Fuji Silysia Chemical) was added, stirred for 1 hour at room temperature, and passed through a short column packed with acidic silica gel.
- the solution was concentrated, reprecipitated using chloroform / ethyl acetate as a solvent, and the precipitated precipitate was filtered off to obtain a conjugated polymer P1.
- the obtained conjugated polymer P1 had a weight average molecular weight Mw of 1.5 ⁇ 10 5 and a PDI of 3.2.
- the yield of the conjugated polymer P1 was 78%.
- Example B1 a conjugated polymer P11 was obtained in the same manner as in Example B1, except that the compound E3 (300 mg) obtained in Example A11 was used instead of the compound E2 obtained in Example A1. It was.
- the obtained conjugated polymer P11 had a weight average molecular weight Mw of 1.9 ⁇ 10 5 and a PDI of 5.7.
- the yield of the conjugated polymer P11 was 82%.
- Example B1 the conjugated polymer P111 was obtained in the same manner as in Example B1, except that the compound E4 (250 mg) obtained in Example A12 was used instead of the compound E2 obtained in Example A1. It was.
- the obtained conjugated polymer P111 had a weight average molecular weight Mw of 1.3 ⁇ 10 5 and a PDI of 3.4.
- the yield of the conjugated polymer P111 was 73%.
- Example B1 instead of the compound E2 obtained in Example A1 as a monomer, the compound E2 obtained in Synthesis Example 1 was used as a catalyst, and tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) palladium (0) was used with respect to the compound E2. Instead of using 3 mol% of the heterogeneous complex catalyst Pd-EnCat (registered trademark) TPP30 with respect to compound E2, tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) palladium (0) with only 3 mol% with respect to compound E2 is used.
- a conjugated polymer P1 was obtained in the same manner as in Example B1, except that it was used.
- the obtained conjugated polymer P1 had a weight average molecular weight Mw of 2.1 ⁇ 10 4 and PDI of 3.1.
- the yield of the conjugated polymer P1 was 51%.
- Comparative Example B2 a conjugated polymer P1 was obtained in the same manner as in Comparative Example B1, except that Compound E2 obtained in Comparative Example A8 was used instead of Compound E2 obtained in Synthesis Example A1.
- the obtained conjugated polymer P1 had a weight average molecular weight Mw of 3.2 ⁇ 10 4 and a PDI of 2.8.
- the yield of the conjugated polymer P1 was 41%.
- Example B4> In Example B1, 3 mol% of tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) palladium (0) is used as the catalyst with respect to compound E2, and 3 mol% of the heterogeneous complex catalyst Pd-EnCat® TPP30 is used with respect to compound E2. Instead, a conjugated polymer P1 was obtained in the same manner as in Example B1, except that only 3 mol% of tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) palladium (0) was used with respect to the compound E2. The obtained conjugated polymer P1 had a weight average molecular weight Mw of 4.3 ⁇ 10 4 and PDI of 2.4. The yield of the conjugated polymer P1 was 38%.
- Example B1 instead of Compound E2 obtained in Example A1, Compound M2 (0.861 mol), Compound E2 (0.453 mol) and Compound E5 (0.453 mol) obtained in Synthesis Example 4 were used. Except that 3 mol% of Pd (PPh 3 ) 4 and Pd-EnCat (registered trademark) TPP30 were used as catalysts for the compound E2, respectively, 3 mol% of the compound M2 was used. As a result, a conjugated polymer D was obtained. The obtained conjugated polymer D had a weight average molecular weight Mw of 1.6 ⁇ 10 5 and a PDI of 4.1. The yield of conjugated polymer D was 71%.
- Example B1 instead of compound M2 and compound E2, as a monomer, compound M2 (0.861 mol), compound E5 (0.298 mol) and compound E6 (0.298 mol) obtained in Synthesis Example 5 were used as catalysts. As in Example B1, except that Pd (PPh 3 ) 4 and Pd-EnCat® TPP30 were each used in an amount of 3 mol% relative to compound E2 instead of 3 mol% relative to compound E2, respectively. A conjugated polymer E was obtained. The obtained conjugated polymer E had a weight average molecular weight Mw of 1.0 ⁇ 10 5 and a PDI of 2.7. The yield of conjugated polymer E was 69%.
- Example B1 as a monomer, instead of the compound M2 and the compound E2, the compound M2 (0.810 mol), the compound E6 (0.682 mol) obtained in Synthesis Example 5 and the compound E7 obtained in Synthesis Example 6 ( 0.171 mol) was used as a catalyst, except that Pd (PPh 3 ) 4 and Pd-EnCat (registered trademark) TPP30 were used in an amount of 3 mol% with respect to compound M2 instead of 3 mol% with respect to compound E2, respectively.
- a conjugated polymer F was obtained in the same manner as in Example B1.
- the obtained conjugated polymer F had a weight average molecular weight Mw of 4.4 ⁇ 10 5 and PDI of 5.6.
- the yield of conjugated polymer F was 79%.
- Example B1 instead of compound M2 and compound E2, as compound, compound M2 (0.851 mol), compound E2 (0.448 mol) and compound E8 (0.448 mol) obtained in Synthesis Example 7 were used as catalysts. As in Example B1, except that 3 mol% each of Pd (PPh 3 ) 4 and Pd-EnCat (registered trademark) TPP30 was used for compound M2 instead of 3 mol% for compound E2, respectively.
- a conjugated polymer G was obtained.
- the obtained conjugated polymer G had a weight average molecular weight Mw of 5.1 ⁇ 10 4 and a PDI of 2.1. The yield of conjugated polymer G was 68%.
- Example B1 as a monomer, instead of Compound M2 and Compound E2, Compound M2 (0.396 mol), Compound E2 (0.834 mol) and 4,7-dibromobenzo [c] [1,2,5] thiadiazole
- a conjugated polymer H was obtained in the same manner as in Example B1, except that (Compound E9 (0.396 mol, manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.)) was used.
- the obtained conjugated polymer H had a weight average molecular weight Mw of 1.0 ⁇ 10 5 and a PDI of 3.6.
- the yield of conjugated polymer H was 73%.
- Example B1 as a monomer, instead of the compound M2 and the compound E2, the compound E2 (0.341 mol), the compound E6 (0.341 mol) obtained in Synthesis Example 5 and 3,6-bis (5-bromo- 2-Thienyl) -2,5-bis (2-decyltetradecyl) -2,5-dihydro-pyrrolo [3,4-c] pyrrole-1,4-dione (Compound E10 (0.648 mol), Lumtec) Except that Pd (PPh 3 ) 4 and Pd-EnCat® TPP30 were each used in an amount of 3 mol% relative to compound E2 instead of 3 mol% relative to compound E2, respectively. Conjugated polymer I was obtained in the same manner as B1. The obtained conjugated polymer I had a weight average molecular weight Mw of 2.6 ⁇ 10 5 and PDI of 3.9. The yield of conjugated polymer I was 71%.
- Example B1 as a monomer, instead of Compound M2 and Compound E2, Compound M2 (0.338 mol), Compound E2 (0.712 mol) and 3,6-bis (5-bromo-2-thienyl) -2, Except for using 5-bis (2-decyltetradecyl) -2,5-dihydro-pyrrolo [3,4-c] pyrrole-1,4-dione (compound E11 (0.338 mol, manufactured by Lumtec)) In the same manner as in Example B1, a conjugated polymer J was obtained. The obtained conjugated polymer J had a weight average molecular weight Mw of 1.0 ⁇ 10 5 and PDI of 2.8. The yield of conjugated polymer J was 79%.
- Example B1 instead of compound M2 and compound E2, as compound, compound M2 (0.801 mol), compound E2 (0.801 mol) and compound E12 (0.0422 mol) obtained in Synthesis Example 8 were used as catalysts.
- a conjugated polymer K was obtained.
- the obtained conjugated polymer K had a weight average molecular weight Mw of 1.8 ⁇ 10 5 and a PDI of 3.6.
- the yield of conjugated polymer K was 77%.
- Example B1 instead of Compound M2 and Compound E2, as a monomer, Compound M2 (0.794 mol), Compound E2 (0.794 mol) and Compound E13 (0.042 mol) obtained in Synthesis Example 9 were used as catalysts. As in Example B1, except that 3 mol% each of Pd (PPh 3 ) 4 and Pd-EnCat (registered trademark) TPP30 was used for compound M2 instead of 3 mol% for compound E2, respectively. A conjugated polymer L was obtained. The obtained conjugated polymer L had a weight average molecular weight Mw of 2.6 ⁇ 10 5 and a PDI of 5.2. The yield of conjugated polymer L was 75%.
- Example B1 the compounds E7 (0.642 mol) obtained in Synthesis Example 6 and 5,8-dibromo-2,3-didecyl-quinoxaline (compound E14 (0 .616 mol, manufactured by Lumtec)), and Pd (PPh 3 ) 4 and Pd-EnCat® TPP30 were used in an amount of 3 mol% relative to compound E7 instead of 3 mol% relative to compound E2, respectively. Except for the above, a conjugated polymer M was obtained in the same manner as in Example B1.
- the obtained conjugated polymer M had a weight average molecular weight Mw of 1.5 ⁇ 10 5 and a PDI of 1.9.
- the yield of the conjugated polymer M was 70%.
- Example B1 instead of Compound M2 and Compound E2, Compound M2 (98.9 mol), Compound E2 (47.0 mol), and Compound E6 (47.0 mol) obtained in Synthesis Example 5 were used as monomers. Instead of using 3 mol% each of Pd (PPh 3 ) 4 and Pd-EnCat (registered trademark) TPP30 as the catalyst with respect to the compound E2, 3 mol% each with respect to the compound M2, and a reaction time of 1 at 90 ° C.
- the conjugated polymer N was obtained in the same manner as in Example B1, except that instead of the time, followed by 10 hours at 100 ° C., 1 hour at 90 ° C. and then 2 hours at 100 ° C.
- the obtained conjugated polymer N had a weight average molecular weight Mw of 3.2 ⁇ 10 5 and a PDI of 5.2.
- the yield of conjugated polymer N was 83%.
- Example B1 the compound E15 (0.986 mol) obtained in Synthesis Example 10 was used as the monomer instead of the compound E2, and Pd (PPh 3 ) 4 and Pd-EnCat (registered trademark) TPP30 were used as the catalyst.
- Conjugated polymer O was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 3 mol% of each of E2 was used instead of 3 mol% of E2.
- the resulting conjugated polymer O had a weight average molecular weight Mw of 2.1 ⁇ 10 5 and a PDI of 4.6.
- the yield of conjugated polymer O was 81%.
- Example B1 the compound E5 (0.612 mol) obtained in Synthesis Example 4 was used as the monomer instead of the compound E2, and Pd (PPh 3 ) 4 and Pd-EnCat (registered trademark) TPP30 were used as the catalyst.
- a conjugated polymer P was obtained in the same manner as in Example B1, except that 3 mol% of each of the compounds E5 was used instead of 3 mol% of each of E2.
- the obtained conjugated polymer P had a weight average molecular weight Mw of 3.6 ⁇ 10 5 and a PDI of 5.7.
- the yield of the conjugated polymer P was 80%.
- Example B1 as a monomer, instead of compound M2 and compound E2, compound E2 (0.312 mol), compound E6 (0.312 mol) obtained in Synthesis Example 5, 5,8-dibromo-2,3- Instead of using 3 mol% of didecyl-quinoxaline (compound E14 (0.657 mol, manufactured by Lumtec)) as a catalyst, Pd (PPh 3 ) 4 and Pd-EnCat (registered trademark) TPP30 with respect to compound E2, respectively.
- a conjugated polymer Q was obtained in the same manner as in Example B1, except that 3 mol% was used for each E14.
- the resulting conjugated polymer Q had a weight average molecular weight Mw of 3.2 ⁇ 10 5 and a PDI of 5.2.
- the yield of conjugated polymer Q was 67%.
- Example B1 instead of Compound M2 and Compound E2, the compound E8 (0.853 mol), 3,6-bis (5-bromo-2-thienyl) -2,5 obtained in Synthesis Example 7 were used as monomers.
- -Bis (2-decyltetradecyl) -2,5-dihydro-pyrrolo [3,4-c] pyrrole-1,4-dione (compound E10 (0.810 mol, manufactured by Lumtec)) as a catalyst (PPh 3 ) 4 and Pd-EnCat (registered trademark) TPP30 were used in the same manner as in Example B1 except that 3 mol% of each of the compounds E8 was used instead of 3 mol% of each of the compounds E2.
- Molecule R was obtained.
- the obtained conjugated polymer R had a weight average molecular weight Mw of 4.1 ⁇ 10 5 and a PDI of 1.9.
- the yield of conjugated polymer R was 74%.
- Comparative Examples A6 and A7 When activated carbon is used as the column material (Comparative Examples A6 and A7), about 75% of the di-substituted product can be recovered, but a mono-substituted product or an unsubstituted product in which at least one active group is eliminated is generated. .
- the compounds obtained in Comparative Examples A6 and A7 containing a compound that does not contribute to the reaction of the conjugated polymer 20% or more (unsubstituted product) or a compound that inhibits the reaction (mono-substituted product) are also used as monomers for the conjugated polymer. Is not suitable.
- the compound obtained in Comparative Example A8 is worse than the compound obtained in Example A1, and the compound obtained in Comparative Example A8 has the composition according to the present invention. It can be seen that the impurities of the product have not been removed. This is because, in the coupling reaction of the conjugated polymer, when Example B1 is compared with Comparative Example B1 and Comparative Example B2, it greatly affects the value of the weight average molecular weight of the conjugated polymer. It can be seen that the compound obtained in Comparative Example A8 is not suitable as a monomer for a conjugated polymer.
- the conjugated polymer P1 obtained by the Stille reaction using the compound E2 before the contact treatment with zeolite was compared with the weight average molecular weight (Mw) 2.1 ⁇ 10 4 . It was small. Further, the polymerization by the Stille reaction using Compound E2 in contact with Celite (Comparative Example B2) was also relatively small, with a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 3.2 ⁇ 10 4 .
- the conjugated polymer P1 obtained by the Stille reaction using the compound E2 subjected to contact treatment with zeolite was obtained as a high molecular weight body (Mw: 1.5 ⁇ 10 5 ) having a large weight molecular weight (Mw). .
- a conjugated polymer having a higher molecular weight can be obtained by using a coupling reaction.
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Abstract
Description
1.n個(但し、nが1以上4以下の整数)の活性基を有する縮合多環芳香族化合物の製造方法であって、該縮合多環芳香族化合物と溶媒を含む組成物とゼオライトとを接触させる工程を含むことを特徴とする、縮合多環芳香族化合物の製造方法。
2.前記縮合多環芳香族化合物が下記条件を満たす、前項1に記載の縮合多環芳香族化合物の製造方法。
条件:n個の活性基を有する縮合多環芳香族化合物(Ar(n))1.0gを含むヘキサン溶液5mlを、カラム(内径15mm、シリカゲル(球状、中性(pH 7.0±0.5)、粒径63~210μm)20gと無水炭酸カリウム2gを含むヘキサン溶液50mL充填)にチャージし、ヘキサンを展開溶媒(流速50ml/min)として用い、室温にて3分間カラムを通り抜けた溶液中の、n個より少ない活性基を有する縮合多環芳香族化合物の合計の割合が、該カラムへのチャージ前の芳香族化合物(Ar(n))に対して5mol%以上である。
3.前記縮合多環芳香族化合物が下記式(I)で表される縮合多環芳香族化合物である、前項1又は2に記載の縮合多環芳香族化合物の製造方法。
4.前記式(I)で表される化合物が式(II)又は式(III)で表される縮合多環芳香族化合物である、前項3に記載の縮合多環芳香族化合物の製造方法。
5.前記式(II)又は式(III)で表される化合物が式(IV)、式(V)、式(VI)又は式(VII)で表される縮合多環芳香族化合物である、前項4に記載の縮合多環芳香族化合物の製造方法。
式(IV)において、Z1はZ11(R3)(R4)、Z12(R5)又はZ13を示す。Z11は周期表第14族元素から選ばれた原子を示す。R3及びR4は、上式R1及びR2と同義である。Z12は周期表第15族元素から選ばれた原子を示し、R5は、R3及びR4と同義である。Z13は周期表第16族元素から選ばれた原子を示す。
式(V)において、R6及びR7は水素原子、ハロゲン原子、置換基を有していてもよいアルキル基、置換基を有していてもよいアルケニル基、置換基を有していてもよいアルキニル基、置換基を有していてもよい芳香族基、置換基を有していてもよいアルコキシ基又は置換基を有していてもよいアリールオキシ基である。
式(VI)において、R8~R11はR3及びR4と同義であり、R12及びR13はR1及びR2と同義である。Z2及びZ3はそれぞれ独立して、周期表第14族元素から選ばれた原子を示す。
式(VII)において、R14及びR15はR3及びR4と同義である。Z4は、周期表第16族元素から選ばれた原子を示す。
6.X1とX2とのうちの少なくとも一方がスズ含有基である、前項3乃至5のいずれか1に記載の縮合多環芳香族化合物の製造方法。
7.前記式(II)で表される縮合化合物が、下記式(VIII)で表される縮合多環芳香族化合物に非求核性塩基を反応させた後に、求電子剤を反応させることにより、前記式(I)で表される縮合多環芳香族化合物を得る工程を含むことを特徴とする、前項3乃至6のいずれか1に記載の縮合多環芳香族化合物の製造方法。
8.前記非求核性塩基の共役酸のテトラヒドロフラン(THF)中におけるpKaが20以上40以下であることを特徴とする、前項7に記載の縮合多環芳香族化合物の製造方法。
9.前記非求核性塩基が金属アミドであることを特徴とする、前項7又は8に記載の縮合多環芳香族化合物の製造方法。
10.前記非求核性塩基を反応させた後に前記求電子剤を反応させる操作を、複数回繰り返すことを特徴とする、前項7乃至9のいずれか1に記載の縮合多環芳香族化合物の製造方法。
11.前記組成物を、前記溶媒の沸点以下で、前記ゼオライトを含む層を通過させることによって接触させる、前項1乃至10のいずれか1に記載の縮合多環芳香族化合物の製造方法。
12.前記ゼオライトが、8員環、10員環、又は12員環のゼオライトである、前項1乃至11のいずれか1に記載の縮合多環芳香族化合物の製造方法。
13.前項1乃至12のいずれか1に記載の方法で製造した縮合多環芳香族化合物を原料とする共役高分子。
14.前項12に記載の方法で製造した共役高分子を含むことを特徴とする光電変換素子。
15.前項13に記載の方法で製造した光電変換素子を含むことを特徴とする太陽電池。
16.前項14に記載の方法で製造した太陽電池を含むことを特徴とする太陽電池モジュール。
以下で、本発明で用いられるゼオライト(以下、単にゼオライトと称する)について説明する。ゼオライトとしては、以下の国際ゼオライト学会の定義に従うものがより好適に用いられうる。すなわち、開かれた三次元ネットワークを形成する組成DEn(n≒2)の化合物であって、Dが4本、Eが2本の結合をもち、骨格密度(1nm3中のDの合計原子数)が20.5以下であることが好ましい。
次に、本発明に係るモノマーと溶媒とを含む組成物について説明する。この組成物は、本発明に係るモノマーを得るための反応後に得られた反応溶液でありうる。またこの組成物は、この反応溶液から抽出された粗生成物溶液であってもよい。さらにこの組成物は、この粗生成物溶液から溶媒を除去することによって得られた粗生成物を、溶媒に溶解させたものであってもよい。通常この組成物は、本発明に係るモノマーと溶媒との他に不純物を含む。
本発明に係る精製工程は、本発明に係る組成物をゼオライトと接触させる工程を含む。本発明に係る組成物をゼオライトと接触させる方法としては、以下のようなものが挙げられる。
この方法を用いることにより、本発明に係る組成物をゼオライトと接触させることと、該組成物からゼオライトを除去することとを同時に行うことができる。具体的な例としては、ゼオライトをカラムに詰め、本発明に係る組成物を通過させる方法が挙げられる。この場合、本発明に係る組成物をカラムにのせ、展開溶媒を流し、カラムを通り抜けた溶液を回収すればよい。展開溶媒としては、上述した組成物中の溶媒と同様のものを用いることができる。通常は展開溶媒としては組成物中の溶媒と同じものが用いられるが、展開溶媒として組成物中の溶媒とは異なる溶媒を用いてもよい。
この場合、組成物中にゼオライトを投入してから攪拌し、その後ゼオライトをろ過して除去すればよい。より多くの不純物を除去するために、攪拌時間としては、5分以上が好ましく、一方30分以下が好ましい。ろ過方法としては、通常のろ過の他、吸引ろ過を用いることもできる。さらに、漏斗上にゼオライトを敷いておいて、その上から、ゼオライトとモノマーの混合溶液を投入し、濾過することもできる。
本発明に係る組成物とゼオライトとを接触させている間の温度は、該組成物中の溶媒(但し、例えばゼオライトカラムにおける展開溶媒が該組成物の溶媒と異なる場合は展開溶媒)の沸点以下であることが好ましく、より好ましくは40℃以下であり、さらに好ましくは、30℃以下である。温度が低いほど本発明に係るモノマーの分解が抑えられうるが、温度が低すぎると空気中の水分を吸収してしまう可能性がある。本発明に係るモノマーがより不安定である場合には、水分を吸収しないようにした冷媒カラムを用いることも好ましい。
一連の操作を行うときには、通常の蛍光灯下で操作を行ってもよい。しかしながら、本発明に係るモノマーの分解を抑える観点からは、蛍光灯無灯下、イエローランプ下、又はレッドランプ下で操作を行うほうがより好ましい。
操作時の雰囲気は特に限定されず、空気中、又は窒素若しくはアルゴンなどの不活性ガス中で行ってもよい。
操作時の圧力は特に限定されず、常圧でも、加圧条件下でもよい。
以下で、縮合多環芳香族化合物、特にn個(但し、nは1以上4以下の整数)の活性基を有する縮合多環芳香族化合物(本発明に係るモノマー)について説明する。
活性基とは、カップリング反応等の重合反応で高分子を得る場合に、他のモノマーが有する基と反応する基のことを言う。
なかでも、B又は周期表第14族元素から選ばれる原子を有する基が好ましく、第14族元素から選ばれる原子を有する基がより好ましく、ケイ素含有基又はスズ含有基がさらに好ましく、スズ含有基が特に好ましい。本明細書において、周期表とは、IUPAC2005年度推奨版(Recommendations of IUPAC 2005)のことを指す。
条件:縮合多環芳香族化合物(Ar(n))1.0gを含むヘキサン溶液5mlを、カラム(内径15mm、長さ5cm、シリカゲル(球状、中性(pH 7.0±0.5)、粒径63~210μm)20gと無水炭酸カリウム2gを含むヘキサン溶液50mL充填)にチャージし、ヘキサンを展開溶媒(流速50ml/min)として、室温にて3分間カラムを通り抜けた溶液中の、n個より少ない活性基を有する縮合多環芳香族化合物の合計の割合が、該カラムへのチャージ前の芳香族化合物(Ar(n))に対して5mol%以上である。なかでも、上記条件におけるカラムを通り抜けた溶液中のn個より少ない活性基を有する芳香族化合物の割合が、該カラムへのチャージ前の芳香族化合物(Ar(n))に対して、好ましくは20mol%以上、より好ましくは40mol%以上、さらに好ましくは60mol%以上、ことさらに好ましくは75mol%以上、特に好ましくは90mol%以上である場合に、本発明の製造方法を用いることで、より効果的に高分子量の共役高分子を製造することが可能である点で好ましい。
ハロゲン原子としては、フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子又はヨウ素原子などが挙げられる。安定性の点からフッ素原子又は塩素原子が好ましく、特にフッ素原子が好ましい。
5員環芳香族環としては、チオフェン環、フラン環、ピロール環、チアゾール環、オキサゾール環、イミダゾール環、ピラゾール環、イソオキサゾール環、イソチアゾール環、チアジアゾール環、オキサジアゾール環、トリアゾール環、セレノール環又はテルロール環等の5員環芳香族複素環が挙げられる。
6員環芳香族環としては、ベンゼン環等の6員環芳香族炭化水素環;、又はピリジン環、ピラジン環、ピリミジン環若しくはピリダジン環等の6員環芳香族複素環が挙げられる。
式(V)において、R6及びR7は水素原子、ハロゲン原子、置換基を有していてもよいアルキル基、置換基を有していてもよいアルケニル基、置換基を有していてもよいアルキニル基、置換基を有していてもよい芳香族基、置換基を有していてもよいアルコキシ基又は置換基を有していてもよいアリールオキシ基である。なかでも、好ましくは溶解性向上の点で、置換基を有していてもよいアルキル基であり、置換基を導入しやすい点で置換基を有していてもよいアルコキシ基である。
本発明に係るモノマーは、特段の制限はないが、例えば公知文献(Journal of the American Chemical Society(2009),131(22),7792-7799.,Chemical Communications(Cambridge,United Kingdom)(2010),46(35),6503-6505、国際公開第2011/052709号)の記載を参考に合成することができる。
塩基としては、化合物を分解させることなくアニオン種を発生させるものであれば何でもよいが、例えば、金属水素化物、嵩高い置換基を有する金属アルコキシド、アミン類、ホスファゼン塩基、嵩高い置換基を有する金属マグネシウム試薬(Grignard試薬)、又は金属アミドなどを用いることができる。原子Q又は反応生成物の置換基Z1~Z2への求核攻撃を抑制し、副生物の生成を抑える観点から、非求核性の塩基を用いることが好ましい。
一般式(I)のX1及びX2が、置換基を有していてもよいスタニル基である場合には、求電子剤としては、特段の限定は無いが、例えばハロゲン化トリアルキルスズ化合物が挙げられる。ハロゲン化トリアルキルスズ化合物としては、塩化トリメチルスズ、臭化トリメチルスズ、ヨウ化トリメチルスズ、塩化トリエチルスズ、臭化トリエチルスズ、ヨウ化トリエチルスズ、塩化トリブチルスズ、臭化トリブチルスズ、ヨウ化トリブチルスズ、又は塩化トリシクロヘキシルスズなどが挙げられる。
本発明に係るモノマーは、ポリマー、特に共役高分子の原料として有用である。例えば、式(I)で表される縮合多環芳香族化合物と、ジハロゲン化された共役化合物とをカップリングさせることにより、共役高分子(本発明に係る共役高分子と呼ぶ場合がある)を製造することができる。ジハロゲン化された共役化合物としては、例えばジハロゲン化された芳香族化合物、特にジハロゲン化された芳香族複素環化合物が、得られる共役高分子の半導体特性を向上させる観点から、好ましく用いられうる。ジハロゲン化された共役化合物が有するハロゲン基としては、反応性を向上させる観点からブロモ基が好ましく用いられうる。ジハロゲン化された共役化合物としては、公知文献(Weinheim,Germany)(2008),20(13),2556-2560.Macromolecules (Washington,DC,United States)(2009),42(17),6564-6571.、J.Am.Chem.Soc.,132,7595-7597(2010)、Advanced Materials(Weinheim,Germany)(2003),15(12),988-991 Macromolecules(2005),38(2),244-253.、Macromolecules(Washington,DC,United States)(2008),41(16),6012-6018.Advanced Functional Materials(2007),17(18),3836-3842.、Chemistry of Materials(2004),16(19),3667-3676.Macromolecules(Washington,DC,United States)(2008),41(18),6664-6671.、Chemistry--A European Journal(2010),16(6),1911-1928,国際公開第2009/115413号、国際公開第2010/136401号、Journal of the American Chemical Society(2008),130(30),9679-9694.Journal of the American Chemical Society(2011),133(5),1405-1418.)に記載されているものが挙げられる。
本発明に係る共役高分子は、有機電子デバイスに使用することができる。本発明に係る共役高分子を適用可能なものであれば、有機電子デバイスの種類に特に制限はない。例としては、発光素子、スイッチング素子、光電変換素子、光電導性を利用した光センサーなどが挙げられる。
コポリマーの重量平均分子量(Mw)及び分子量分布(PDI)は、ゲル浸透クロマトグラフィ(GPC)により求めた。具体的には、カラムとして、Shim-pac GPC-803、GPC-804(島津製作所製,内径8.0mm,長さ30cm)をそれぞれ1本ずつ直列に繋げて用い、ポンプとしてLC-10AT、オーブンとしてCTO-10A、検出器として示差屈折率検出器(島津製作所製:RID-10A)、及びUV-vis検出器(島津製作所製:SPD-10A)を用いた。測定のために、測定対象の共役高分子をクロロホルムに溶解させ、得られた溶液5μLをカラムに注入した。移動相としてクロロホルムを用い、1.0mL/minの流速で測定を行った。解析にはLC-Solution(島津製作所)を用いた。
プロトンNMRは、NMR測定装置(装置名:Bruker社,400MHz)により測定した。具体的には、重溶媒として重クロロホルムを、内部標準としてテトラメチルシランを用い、ケミカルシフトを決めた。また、活性基(トリメチルスタニル基)のモノ置換体、ジ置換体、又は無置換体の芳香族部分のケミカルシフトをプロトンNMRにより同定し、ピークの積分値により上記化合物の比を同定した。
シリカゲル(関東化学製,製品名Silica gel 60N, Spherical neutral、カラムクロマトグラフィー用(粒径63~210μm、pH 7.0±0.5)、20g)と無水炭酸カリウム(Aldrich社製(Catlog No.347825),粉末,2.0g)とをヘキサン(50mL)中で懸濁させ、カラム(内径15mm、カラム長 5cm)につめた(以下、このカラム材料をシリカゲル/炭酸カリウムと呼ぶ)。合成例1で得られた化合物E2(1.0g)をヘキサン(5.0mL)に溶かし、カラムにチャージした。ヘキサンを展開溶媒として用い、カラムを通り抜けた溶液を回収した。この溶液から溶媒を減圧留去することにより、オイル状の化合物(0.96g、収率96%)が得られた。
比較例A1に記載の方法において、カラム材料として、シリカゲル/炭酸カリウムの代わりにシリカゲル(関東化学製,製品名Silica gel 60N, Spherical neutral、カラムクロマトグラフィー用(粒径63~210μm、pH 7.0±0.5)、20g)を用い、展開溶媒として10重量%のトリエチルアミンを含むヘキサンを用いたこと以外は、比較例1と同様に処理を行った。処理の結果、オイル状の化合物(0.94g、収率94%)が得られた。得られた化合物をプロトンNMRで確認したところ、化合物E2(ジ置換体(Ar(2)))と、化合物E2からトリメチルスタニル基が1つ脱離した化合物S1(モノ置換体(Ar(1)))との混合物であった。化合物E2と化合物S1の比はケミカルシフトの積分比で1:3だった。
比較例A1に記載の方法において、カラム材料として、シリカゲル/炭酸カリウムの代わりに、アミンシリカゲル(関東化学製,製品名シリカゲル60(球状)NH2 40-50μm,30g)を用いたこと以外は、比較例1と同様に処理を行った。処理の結果、オイル状の化合物(0.95g、収率95%)が得られた。得られた化合物をプロトンNMRで確認したところ、化合物E2(ジ置換体(Ar(2)))、化合物S1(モノ置換体(Ar(1)))、及び化合物S2(無置換体(Ar(0)))の混合物であった。E2、化合物S1及び化合物S2の比はケミカルシフトの積分比で1:3:7だった。
比較例A1に記載の方法において、カラム材料として、シリカゲル/炭酸カリウムの代わりに中性アルミナ(メルク社製,製品名Aluminium oxide, Neutral, Activity I,1078-3,30g)を用いたこと以外は、比較例1と同様に処理を行った。処理の結果、オイル状の化合物(0.97g、収率97%)が得られた。得られた化合物をプロトンNMRで確認したところ、全て、脱スタニル化により得られる化合物S2であった。化合物E2(ジ置換体(Ar(2)))及び化合物S1(モノ置換体(Ar(1)))の存在は確認できなかった。
比較例A1に記載の方法において、カラム材料として、シリカゲル/炭酸カリウムの代わりに塩基性アルミナ(メルク社製,製品名Aluminium oxide,Basic,Activity I,1077-2,30g)を用いたこと以外は、比較例1と同様に処理を行った。処理の結果、オイル状の化合物(0.64g、収率64%)が得られた。回収収率から、化合物E2(ジ置換体(Ar(2)))が塩基性アルミナに吸着されることが判った。また、得られた化合物をプロトンNMRで確認したところ、全て、脱スタニル化により得られる化合物S2であった。化合物E2(ジ置換体(Ar(2)))及び化合物S1(モノ置換体(Ar(1)))の存在は確認できなかった。
比較例A1に記載の方法において、カラム材料として、シリカゲル/炭酸カリウムの代わりに活性炭(酸性)(和光純薬製,製品名Charcoal, Activated, Powder, Acid Washed,031-18083, 30g)を用いたこと以外は、比較例1と同様に処理を行った。処理の結果、オイル状の化合物(0.94g、収率94%)が得られた。得られた化合物をプロトンNMRで確認したところ、化合物S1(モノ置換体(Ar(1)))と化合物E2 (ジ置換体(Ar(2)))の1:4の混合物であった。
比較例A1に記載の方法において、カラム材料として、シリカゲル/炭酸カリウムの代わりに活性炭(塩基性)(和光純薬製,製品名Charcoal, Activated, Powder, Basic,031-18093,30g)を用いたこと以外は、比較例1と同様に処理を行った。
比較例A1に記載の方法において、カラム材料として、シリカゲル/炭酸カリウムの代わりにセライト(和光純薬製,製品名No.545,20g)を用いたこと以外は、比較例1と同様に処理を行った。処理の結果、オイル状の化合物(2.9g、収率99%)が得られた。得られた化合物をプロトンNMRで確認したところ、モノ置換体(Ar(1))と無置換体(Ar(0))は検出されず、化合物E2(ジ置換体)であった。得られた上記化合物を-20℃にて保存すると、4日後には、目視にて沈殿物が生じることが判った。このことは、本発明の組成物をセライトと接触させたとしても、本発明の組成物に含まれる不純物が除去されないことが判る。
比較例A1に記載の方法において、合成例1で得られた化合物E2を、合成例4で得られた化合物E5に代えた以外は、比較例1と同様に処理を行った。処理の結果、オイル状の化合物(収率98%)が得られた。
比較例A1に記載の方法において、合成例1で得られた化合物E2を、合成例6で得られた化合物E7に代えた以外は、比較例1と同様に処理を行った。処理の結果、オイル状の化合物(収率98%)が得られた。
比較例A1に記載の方法において、合成例1で得られた化合物E2を、合成例7で得られた化合物E8に代えた以外は、比較例1と同様に処理を行った。処理の結果、オイル状の化合物(収率98%)が得られた。
比較例A1に記載の方法において、合成例1で得られた化合物E2を、合成例8で得られた化合物E12に代えた以外は、比較例1と同様に処理を行った。処理の結果、オイル状の化合物(収率98%)が得られた。得られた化合物をプロトンNMRで確認したところ、ジ置換体(Ar(2)は存在せず、モノ置換体(Ar(1))及び無置換体(Ar(0))の混合物(1:5)であった。
比較例A1に記載の方法において、カラム材料として、シリカゲル/炭酸カリウムの代わりにゼオライトA-3(和光純薬製,製品名Zeolite, Synthetic, A-3, Powder, through 75μm,30g)を用いたこと以外は、比較例1と同様に処理を行った。処理の結果、オイル状の化合物(0.97g、収率97%)が得られた。
比較例A1に記載の方法において、カラム材料として、シリカゲル/炭酸カリウムの代わりにゼオライトA-4(和光純薬製,製品名Zeolite, Synthetic, A-4, Powder, through 75μm,30g)を用いたこと以外は、比較例1と同様に処理を行った。処理の結果、オイル状の化合物(0.96g、収率96%)が得られた。
比較例A1に記載の方法において、カラム材料として、シリカゲル/炭酸カリウムの代わりにゼオライトA-5(和光純薬製,製品名Zeolite, Synthetic, A-5, Beads, 2.36-4.75mm,30g)を乳鉢ですりつぶし粉末化して用いたこと以外は、比較例1と同様に処理を行った。処理の結果、オイル状の化合物(0.95g、収率95%)が得られた。
比較例A1に記載の方法において、カラム材料として、シリカゲル/炭酸カリウムの代わりにゼオライトF-9(和光純薬製,製品名Zeolite, Synthetic, F-9, Powder,30g)を用いたこと以外は、比較例1と同様に処理を行った。処理の結果、オイル状の化合物(0.93g、収率93%)が得られた。
比較例A1に記載の方法において、カラム材料として、シリカゲル/炭酸カリウムの代わりにゼオライトHS-720(和光純薬製,製品名Zeolite, Synthetic, HS-720, powder, potassium ferrierite,30g)を用いたこと以外は、比較例1と同様に処理を行った。処理の結果、オイル状の化合物(0.95g、収率95%)が得られた。
比較例A1に記載の方法において、カラム材料として、シリカゲル/炭酸カリウムの代わりにゼオライトHS-320(和光純薬製,製品名Zeolite, Synthetic, HS-320, powder, Hydrogen Y,30g)を用いたこと以外は、比較例1と同様に処理を行った。処理の結果、オイル状の化合物(0.96g、収率96%)が得られた。
比較例A1に記載の方法において、カラム材料として、シリカゲル/炭酸カリウムの代わりにゼオライトHS-341(和光純薬製,製品名Zeolite, Synthetic, HS-341, Powder, Ammonium Y,30g)を用いたこと以外は、比較例1と同様に処理を行った。処理の結果、オイル状の化合物(0.95g、収率95%)が得られた。
比較例A1に記載の方法において、カラム材料として、シリカゲル/炭酸カリウムの代わりにゼオライトHS-500(和光純薬製,製品名Zeolite, Synthetic, HS-500, Powder, Potassium L,30g)を用いたこと以外は、比較例1と同様に処理を行った。処理の結果、オイル状の化合物(0.94g、収率94%)が得られた。
比較例A1に記載の方法において、カラム材料として、シリカゲル/炭酸カリウムの代わりにゼオライトHS-642(和光純薬製,製品名Zeolite, Synthetic, HS-642, Powder, Sodium Mordenite,30g)を用いたこと以外は、比較例1と同様に処理を行った。処理の結果、オイル状の化合物(0.94g、収率94%)が得られた。
比較例A1に記載の方法において、カラム材料として、シリカゲル/炭酸カリウムの代わりにゼオライトHS-690(和光純薬製,製品名Zeolite, Synthetic, HS-690, Powder, Hydrogen Mordenite,30g)を用いたこと以外は、比較例1と同様に処理を行った。処理の結果、オイル状の化合物(0.95、収率95%)が得られた。
実施例A1に記載の方法において、合成例1で得られた化合物E2の代わりに、合成例2で得られた化合物E3(0.5g)を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様に処理を行った。処理の結果、オイル状の化合物(0.48g、収率96%)が得られた。
実施例A1に記載の方法において、合成例1で得られた化合物E1の代わりに、合成例3で得られた化合物E4(0.5g)を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様に処理を行った。処理の結果、オイル状の化合物(0.49g、収率98%)が得られた。
合成例1で得られた化合物E2の代わりに、合成例4で得られた化合物E5(5.7g)を用いた以外は同様にして処理を行い、オイル状の化合物(5.6g、収率98%)が得られた。
合成例1で得られた化合物E2の代わりに、合成例5で得られた化合物E6(3.1g)を用いた以外は同様にして処理を行い、オイル状の化合物(2.9g、収率94%)が得られた。得られた化合物をプロトンNMRで確認したところ、化合物E6であり、脱スズ化された化合物の存在は確認できなかった。合成例5で得られた化合物E6と接触させた後のゼオライトは、無色から薄い黄色になり、不純物が吸着されたことがわかり、回収率からも不純物がゼオライトに吸着されたことがわかる。
合成例1で得られた化合物E2の代わりに、合成例6で得られた化合物E7(6.0g)を用いた以外は同様にして処理を行い、オイル状の化合物(5.9g、収率98%)が得られた。得られた化合物をプロトンNMRで確認したところ、化合物E7であり、脱スズ化された化合物の存在は確認できなかった。合成例6で得られた化合物E7と接触させた後のゼオライトは、無色から薄い黄色になり、不純物が吸着されたことがわかり、回収率からも不純物がゼオライトに吸着されたことがわかる。
合成例1で得られた化合物E2の代わりに、合成例7で得られた化合物E8(3.2g)を用いた以外は同様にして処理を行い、オイル状の化合物(3.1g、収率97%)が得られた。得られた化合物をプロトンNMRで確認したところ、化合物E7であり、脱スズ化された化合物の存在は確認できなかった。合成例7で得られた化合物E8と接触させた後のゼオライトは、無色から薄い黄色になり、不純物が吸着されたことがわかり、回収率からも不純物がゼオライトに吸着されたことがわかる。
合成例1で得られた化合物E2の代わりに、合成例8で得られた化合物E12(3.5g)を用いた以外は同様にして処理を行い、オイル状の化合物(3.3g、収率94%)が得られた。得られた化合物をプロトンNMRで確認したところ、化合物E12であり、脱スズ化された化合物の存在は確認できなかった。合成例8で得られた化合物E12と接触させた後のゼオライトは、無色から薄い黄色になり、不純物が吸着されたことがわかり、回収率からも不純物がゼオライトに吸着されたことがわかる。
合成例1で得られた化合物E2の代わりに、合成例9で得られた化合物E13(2.7g)を用いた以外は同様にして処理を行い、オイル状の化合物(2.5g、収率93%)が得られた。得られた化合物をプロトンNMRで確認したところ、化合物E13であり、脱スズ化された化合物の存在は確認できなかった。合成例9で得られた化合物E13と接触させた後のゼオライトは、無色から薄い黄色になり、不純物が吸着されたことがわかり、回収率からも不純物がゼオライトに吸着されたことがわかる。
カラムチャージ後の化合物中におけるモノ置換体(Ar(1))と無置換体(Ar(0))の割合(モル比率)は、0%であり、ジ置換体の回収効率は93%であった。
合成例1で得られた化合物E2の代わりに、合成例10で得られた化合物E15(3.0g)を用いた以外は同様にして処理を行い、オイル状の化合物(2.94g、収率98%)が得られた。得られた化合物をプロトンNMRで確認したところ、化合物E15であり、脱スズ化された化合物の存在は確認できなかった。
カラムチャージ後の化合物中におけるモノ置換体(Ar(1))と無置換体(Ar(0))の割合(モル比率)は、0%であり、ジ置換体の回収効率は98%であった。
実施例B1において、モノマーとして、実施例A1で得られた化合物E2の代わりに、合成例1で得られた化合物E2を、触媒として、テトラキス(トリフェニルホスフィン)パラジウム(0)を化合物E2に対して3mol%及び不均一系錯体触媒Pd-EnCat(登録商標)TPP30を化合物E2に対して3mol%を用いる代わりに、テトラキス(トリフェニルホスフィン)パラジウム(0)を化合物E2に対して3mol%のみを用いたこと以外は、実施例B1と同様にして共役高分子P1を得た。得られた共役高分子P1の重量平均分子量Mwは2.1×104であり、PDIは3.1であった。共役高分子P1の収率は51%であった。
比較例B1において、合成例A1で得られた化合物E2の代わりに、比較例A8で得られた化合物E2を用いたこと以外は、比較例B1と同様にして共役高分子P1を得た。得られた共役高分子P1の重量平均分子量Mwは3.2×104であり、PDIは2.8であった。共役高分子P1の収率は41%であった。
実施例B1において、触媒として、テトラキス(トリフェニルホスフィン)パラジウム(0)を化合物E2に対して3mol%、不均一系錯体触媒Pd-EnCat(登録商標)TPP30を化合物E2に対して3mol%を用いる代わりに、テトラキス(トリフェニルホスフィン)パラジウム(0)を化合物E2に対して3mol%のみを用いた以外は、実施例B1と同様に共役高分子P1を得た。得られた共役高分子P1の重量平均分子量Mwは4.3×104であり、PDIは2.4であった。共役高分子P1の収率は38%であった。
[共役高分子D、Pd(PPh3)4 3mol%+Pd-EnCat(登録商標)TPP30 3mol%]
[共役高分子E、Pd(PPh3)4 3mol%+Pd-EnCat(登録商標)TPP30 3mol%]
[共役高分子F、Pd(PPh3)4 3mol%+Pd-EnCat(登録商標)TPP30 3mol%]
[共役高分子G、Pd(PPh3)4 3mol%+Pd-EnCat(登録商標)TPP30 3mol%]
[共役高分子H、Pd(PPh3)4 3mol%+Pd-EnCat(登録商標)TPP30 3mol%]
[共役高分子I、Pd(PPh3)4 3mol%+Pd-EnCat(登録商標)TPP30 3mol%]
[共役高分子J、Pd(PPh3)4 3mol%+Pd-EnCat(登録商標)TPP30 3mol%]
[共役高分子K、Pd(PPh3)4 3mol%+Pd-EnCat(登録商標)TPP30 3mol%]
[共役高分子L、Pd(PPh3)4 3mol%+Pd-EnCat(登録商標)TPP30 3mol%]
[共役高分子M、Pd(PPh3)4 3mol%+Pd-EnCat(登録商標)TPP30 3mol%]
[共役高分子N、Pd(PPh3)4 3mol%+Pd-EnCat(登録商標)TPP30 3mol%]
[共役高分子O、Pd(PPh3)4 3mol%+Pd-EnCatT(登録商標)PP30 3mol%]
[共役高分子P、Pd(PPh3)4 3mol%+Pd-EnCat(登録商標)TPP30 3mol%]
[共役高分子Q、Pd(PPh3)4 3mol%+Pd-EnCat(登録商標)TPP30 3mol%]
[共役高分子R、Pd(PPh3)4 3mol%+Pd-EnCat(登録商標)TPP30 3mol%]
このことは、共役高分子のカップリング反応において、実施例B1と比較例B1、比較例B2を比較した際に、共役高分子の重量平均分子量の値に多大な影響を与えていることからすると、比較例A8で得られた化合物は、共役高分子用のモノマーとしては、適していないことがわかる。
Claims (16)
- n個(但し、nが1以上4以下の整数)の活性基を有する縮合多環芳香族化合物の製造方法であって、該縮合多環芳香族化合物と溶媒を含む組成物とゼオライトとを接触させる工程を含むことを特徴とする、縮合多環芳香族化合物の製造方法。
- 前記縮合多環芳香族化合物が下記条件を満たす、請求項1に記載の縮合多環芳香族化合物の製造方法。
条件:n個の活性基を有する縮合多環芳香族化合物(Ar(n))1.0gを含むヘキサン溶液5mlを、カラム(内径15mm、シリカゲル(球状、中性(pH 7.0±0.5)、粒径63~210μm)20gと無水炭酸カリウム2gを含むヘキサン溶液50mL充填)にチャージし、ヘキサンを展開溶媒(流速50ml/min)として用い、室温にて3分間カラムを通り抜けた溶液中の、n個より少ない活性基を有する縮合多環芳香族化合物の合計の割合が、該カラムへのチャージ前の芳香族化合物(Ar(n))に対して5mol%以上である。 - 前記式(II)又は式(III)で表される化合物が式(IV)、式(V)、式(VI)又は式(VII)で表される縮合多環芳香族化合物である、請求項4に記載の縮合多環芳香族化合物の製造方法。
式(IV)において、Z1はZ11(R3)(R4)、Z12(R5)又はZ13を示す。Z11は周期表第14族元素から選ばれた原子を示す。R3及びR4は、上式R1及びR2と同義である。Z12は周期表第15族元素から選ばれた原子を示し、R5は、R3及びR4と同義である。Z13は周期表第16族元素から選ばれた原子を示す。
式(V)において、R6及びR7は水素原子、ハロゲン原子、置換基を有していてもよいアルキル基、置換基を有していてもよいアルケニル基、置換基を有していてもよいアルキニル基、置換基を有していてもよい芳香族基、置換基を有していてもよいアルコキシ基又は置換基を有していてもよいアリールオキシ基である。
式(VI)において、R8~R11はR3及びR4と同義であり、R12及びR13はR1及びR2と同義である。Z2及びZ3はそれぞれ独立して、周期表第14族元素から選ばれた原子を示す。
式(VII)において、R14及びR15はR3及びR4と同義である。Z4は、周期表第16族元素から選ばれた原子を示す。 - X1とX2とのうちの少なくとも一方がスズ含有基である、請求項3乃至5の何れか1項に記載の縮合多環芳香族化合物の製造方法。
- 前記非求核性塩基の共役酸のテトラヒドロフラン(THF)中におけるpKaが20以上40以下であることを特徴とする、請求項7に記載の縮合多環芳香族化合物の製造方法。
- 前記非求核性塩基が金属アミドであることを特徴とする、請求項7又は8に記載の縮合多環芳香族化合物の製造方法。
- 前記非求核性塩基を反応させた後に前記求電子剤を反応させる操作を、複数回繰り返すことを特徴とする、請求項7乃至9の何れか1項に記載の縮合多環芳香族化合物の製造方法。
- 前記組成物を、前記溶媒の沸点以下で、前記ゼオライトを含む層を通過させることによって接触させる、請求項1乃至10の何れか1項に記載の縮合多環芳香族化合物の製造方法。
- 前記ゼオライトが、8員環、10員環、又は12員環のゼオライトである、請求項1乃至11の何れか1項に記載の縮合多環芳香族化合物の製造方法。
- 請求項1乃至12の何れか1項に記載の方法で製造した縮合多環芳香族化合物を原料とする共役高分子。
- 請求項12に記載の方法で製造した共役高分子を含むことを特徴とする光電変換素子。
- 請求項13に記載の方法で製造した光電変換素子を含むことを特徴とする太陽電池。
- 請求項14に記載の方法で製造した太陽電池を含むことを特徴とする太陽電池モジュール。
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2012
- 2012-11-02 CN CN201280053314.7A patent/CN103906754A/zh active Pending
- 2012-11-02 WO PCT/JP2012/078517 patent/WO2013065836A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2012-11-02 EP EP12844675.4A patent/EP2774931A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2012-11-02 JP JP2013541865A patent/JP6040939B2/ja active Active
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2014
- 2014-05-02 US US14/268,217 patent/US20140243492A1/en not_active Abandoned
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP2774931A4 (en) | 2014-10-08 |
JPWO2013065836A1 (ja) | 2015-04-02 |
CN103906754A (zh) | 2014-07-02 |
EP2774931A1 (en) | 2014-09-10 |
US20140243492A1 (en) | 2014-08-28 |
JP6040939B2 (ja) | 2016-12-07 |
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