WO2013051461A1 - 亜鉛高含有酵母抽出物の製造方法及び亜鉛高含有酵母抽出物、並びに、食品及び野菜の緑色保持復元剤 - Google Patents
亜鉛高含有酵母抽出物の製造方法及び亜鉛高含有酵母抽出物、並びに、食品及び野菜の緑色保持復元剤 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013051461A1 WO2013051461A1 PCT/JP2012/074930 JP2012074930W WO2013051461A1 WO 2013051461 A1 WO2013051461 A1 WO 2013051461A1 JP 2012074930 W JP2012074930 W JP 2012074930W WO 2013051461 A1 WO2013051461 A1 WO 2013051461A1
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- zinc
- yeast extract
- yeast
- rich
- rich yeast
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
- A23L5/40—Colouring or decolouring of foods
- A23L5/41—Retaining or modifying natural colour by use of additives, e.g. optical brighteners
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
- A61K36/06—Fungi, e.g. yeasts
- A61K36/062—Ascomycota
- A61K36/064—Saccharomycetales, e.g. baker's yeast
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an oral tube-feeding composition such as liquid food, food material, which contains zinc derived from a natural product in a high concentration, has excellent solubility in water, and can improve dermatitis and taste disorders due to zinc deficiency Method for producing a zinc-rich yeast extract and a zinc-rich yeast extract, and foods such as liquid foods, beverages and the like containing the zinc-rich yeast extract, and green preservation of vegetables It relates to the agent.
- Non-Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Document 1
- yeast has long been used as a food material by humans.
- brewer's yeast has been used as a source of dietary fiber, vitamins and minerals.
- a yeast or an extract thereof in which zinc is taken into cells can be used as a safe food material reinforced with zinc.
- the unique odor such as the yeast odor and the unique taste such as the yeast taste have not been sufficiently reduced, so that it is not sufficient for use as a food material.
- conventional zinc-containing yeast is not soluble in water, there is a problem that dust or precipitation occurs when added to foods, and it cannot be used particularly as a soft drink.
- a zinc-rich yeast extract suitable for use as a safe food material with a unique smell such as yeast odor and a unique taste such as yeast taste sufficiently reduced.
- restoration restoring agent of vegetables, etc. is desired.
- Japanese food intake standards 2010 version Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare
- Japanese food intake standards study report, Daiichi Publishing Co., Ltd., p. 227-p. 230 (September 20, 2009)
- Hiroshi Sugimoto Transition of Yeast Extract Production Method (I)-From the Trend of Domestic Patent Applications” New Food Industry 1994, Vol. 36, No. 10, p. 41-48
- the present invention responds to such a demand, breaks the current situation, solves the above-described problems, and achieves the following objects. That is, the present invention contains a natural product-derived zinc at a high concentration, is excellent in solubility in water, does not impair the appearance when added to foods, etc., and is an oral tube feeding composition such as liquid food and beverage , A method for producing a zinc-rich yeast extract that can be suitably used as a food material and the like, and does not impair the flavor or the like of the added food, and a yeast-rich yeast extract, as well as green preservation and restoration of food and vegetables The purpose is to provide an agent.
- Means for solving the above problems are as follows. That is, ⁇ 1> including an extraction step of suspending a yeast containing zinc in a solution containing at least one of carboxylic acid and carboxylate, and separating a solid component and a liquid component of the obtained suspension. It is the manufacturing method of the yeast high content yeast extract characterized. ⁇ 2> The method for producing a zinc-rich yeast extract according to ⁇ 1>, wherein the total amount of carboxylic acid and carboxylate is 0.2 mol or more per 1 mol of zinc in the yeast.
- ⁇ 3> The zinc-rich yeast extract according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 2>, wherein the carboxylic acid is a divalent or higher carboxylic acid, and the carboxylate is a divalent or higher carboxylate. It is a manufacturing method.
- ⁇ 4> Production of a zinc-rich yeast extract according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 3>, wherein the carboxylic acid is a trivalent carboxylic acid, and the carboxylate is a trivalent carboxylate. Is the method.
- ⁇ 5> The above-mentioned ⁇ 1> including a hydrothermal treatment step of suspending yeast in hot water at 60 ° C. to 120 ° C.
- the method for producing a zinc-rich yeast extract according to any one of the above is the method for producing a zinc-rich yeast extract according to any one of the above.
- ⁇ 6> The method for producing a zinc-rich yeast extract according to ⁇ 5>, wherein a phosphate is added to the hot water in the hot water treatment step.
- ⁇ 7> The method for producing a zinc-rich yeast extract according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 6>, wherein the pH of the suspension in the extraction step is 3.0 to 10.0.
- ⁇ 8> The method for producing a zinc-rich yeast extract according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 7>, wherein the solid component and the liquid component of the suspension in the extraction step are separated by filtration.
- ⁇ 9> The method for producing a yeast-rich yeast extract according to any one of ⁇ 5> to ⁇ 8>, wherein the solid component and the liquid component of the suspension in the hydrothermal treatment step are separated by filtration.
- OD 660 absorbance
- ⁇ 12> The yeast-rich yeast extract according to any one of ⁇ 10> to ⁇ 11>, wherein the yeast is an edible yeast.
- the edible yeast is Saccharomyces cerevisiae .
- ⁇ 15> The zinc-rich yeast extract according to any one of ⁇ 10> to ⁇ 14>, which is used by being added to food.
- ⁇ 16> The yeast-rich yeast extract according to ⁇ 15>, wherein the food is any of a liquid food and a soft drink.
- ⁇ 17> A food comprising the zinc-rich yeast extract according to any one of ⁇ 10> to ⁇ 16>.
- ⁇ 18> A vegetable green color retention / restoration agent comprising the zinc-rich yeast extract according to any one of ⁇ 10> to ⁇ 14>.
- the above-mentioned problems in the prior art can be solved, high-concentration zinc derived from natural products, excellent solubility in water, and without adding any loss to the appearance when added to foods, liquid food ,
- a method for producing a zinc-rich yeast extract that can be suitably used as an oral tube-feeding composition such as a beverage, a food material, etc., and that does not impair the flavor or the like of the added food, and a zinc-rich yeast extract As well as food and vegetable green color retention and restoration agents.
- FIG. 1 is a graph showing zinc elution rates of pure water, sodium chloride, and carboxylates in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing the influence of the pH of the suspension on the zinc elution rate in Example 2.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the concentration of the carboxylic acid buffer and the zinc elution rate in Example 3 and Comparative Example 2.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the effect of removing the yeast odor and ultraviolet light-absorbing substance by the extraction accelerator in Test Example 1, and the zinc elution rate.
- FIG. 5A is an example of a photograph showing the solubility of a high zinc content yeast extract or the like in Example 4 and Comparative Example 3 in water.
- FIG. 5B is a photograph after the aqueous solution of FIG. 5A is centrifuged at 3,000 rpm for 5 minutes.
- FIG. 6A is an example of a photograph showing the green retention and restoration effect of vegetables in Example 6-1.
- FIG. 6B is an example of a photograph showing the green retention and restoration effect of vegetables in Example 6-2.
- FIG. 7A is an example of a photograph showing the green retention and restoration effect of vegetables in Example 7-1.
- FIG. 7B is an example of a photograph showing the green retention and restoration effect of vegetables in Example 7-2.
- FIG. 8A is an example of a photograph showing the green retention and restoration effect of vegetables in Example 8-1.
- FIG. 8B is an example of a photograph showing the green retention and restoration effect of vegetables in Example 8-2.
- FIG. 9 is an example of a photograph showing the green color retention / restoration effect of vegetables in Example 9.
- the method for producing a zinc-rich yeast extract of the present invention includes an extraction step, and further includes other steps such as a hot water treatment step and a drying step as necessary.
- the extraction step is a step of suspending a yeast containing zinc in a solution containing at least one of carboxylic acid and carboxylate and separating a solid component and a liquid component of the obtained suspension.
- a liquid component (extract) containing a high amount of zinc can be obtained.
- the yeast content with a high zinc content is used as a zinc-enriched food material.
- dry bacteria The amount is preferably 0.06% by mass to 10% by mass, more preferably 5% by mass to 10% by mass, based on the body mass.
- the zinc content refers to the zinc content in the yeast cells.
- the zinc content is preferably maintained high even after washing. Even if such yeast is washed, the zinc is not removed and remains inside the microbial cells, so that it is zinc derived from microbial cells and is highly safe and reduces the odor and taste peculiar to yeast.
- the hot water treatment washing
- the flavor or the like of the added food is not impaired, and the zinc is contained in a high concentration, so that it is suitable as a food material or the like.
- the zinc content in the said yeast can be measured by a well-known method, for example, can be measured by an atomic absorption method.
- the yeast containing zinc may be prepared by adding zinc to a culture solution and culturing the yeast to incorporate zinc into the yeast cells, or in a solution containing 50 mass ppm or more of zinc.
- the yeast may be prepared by stirring and / or shaking in a suspended state (for example, see JP-A-8-332082) or a commercially available product may be used. Examples of commercially available products include mineral yeast Zn5, mineral yeast Zn5-F (above, Oriental Yeast Co., Ltd.) and the like.
- the amount of zinc added to the culture solution is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected. However, the zinc utilization rate (zinc uptake rate in the cells) and the sugar yield (growth rate) are satisfactory. It is preferable to make them compatible with each other.
- the kind of zinc to be added, the kind of medium, the culture conditions, etc. are not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose.
- the yeast containing zinc may be further crushed until there are no unbroken cells under a microscope. Even when the yeast is a crushed material, it is preferable that the zinc content is large, and the zinc content per dry cell mass in the precipitate fraction obtained by washing the crushed material with water or the like is dried in the microbial cells before crushing. 70 mass% or more of zinc content per microbial cell mass is preferable, 80 mass% or more is more preferable, and 90 mass% or more is especially preferable.
- the crushing method is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected depending on the purpose.
- physical crushing treatment or chemical crushing treatment may be used.
- a preferable example is a method using a dynomill in which 50% by volume of 0.5 mm diameter beads are filled in a cylinder.
- the mode of the yeast containing zinc is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected depending on the intended purpose. Examples thereof include a wet cell mode and a powder mode.
- the yeast may further contain other mineral components in addition to zinc, and the mineral components are not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose. For example, iron, copper, magnesium, Manganese etc. are mentioned. These mineral components may be contained singly or in combination of two or more in yeast, and the concentration contained is different according to the purpose and is generally defined. In general, high concentrations are preferred.
- the yeast is particularly preferably an edible yeast when the extract is used as a food material or the like.
- an edible yeast There is no restriction
- the strain of the edible yeast is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected depending on the purpose, for example, Saccharomyces (Saccharomyces) genus Torulopsis (Torulopsis) genus Mikotorura (Mycotorula) genus Torulaspora (Torulaspora) genus, Candida (Candida) genus Rhodotorula (Rhodotorula) genus Pichia (Pichia) sp, and the like.
- strains of the edible yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomyces carlsbergensis, Saccharomyces uvarum, Saccharomyces rouxii, Torulopsis utilis, Torulopsis candida, Mycotorula japonica, Mycotorula lipolytica, Torulaspora delbrueckii, Torulaspora fermentati, Candida sake, Candida tropicalis, Candida utilis, Hansenula anomala , Hansenula suaveolens , Sacchar omycopsis fibrigera , Saccharomyces lipolytica , Rhodotorula rubra , Pichia farinosa and the like.
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces carlsbergensis are preferable, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae is particularly preferable.
- carboxylic acid and carboxylate salt >> There is no restriction
- Examples of the monovalent carboxylic acid include formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, caproic acid, enanthic acid, caprylic acid, pyruvic acid, and gluconic acid.
- Examples of the divalent carboxylic acid include oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, tartaric acid, oxaloacetic acid, ⁇ -ketoglutaric acid, and the like.
- Examples of the trivalent carboxylic acid include citric acid, isocitric acid, aconitic acid, and oxalosuccinic acid. Among these, citric acid, succinic acid, and tartaric acid are preferable, and citric acid is more preferable. These may be used individually by 1 type and may use 2 or more types together.
- a monovalent carboxylate or a bivalent or more polyvalent carboxylate may be sufficient, but a viewpoint of the extraction efficiency of zinc Therefore, a divalent or higher carboxylic acid salt is preferable, and a trivalent or higher carboxylic acid salt is more preferable.
- these carboxylates include salts of specific examples of the above carboxylic acids. Among these, citrate, succinate and tartrate are preferable, and citrate is more preferable. These may be used individually by 1 type and may use 2 or more types together.
- alkali metal salts such as sodium and potassium
- alkaline earth metal salts such as magnesium and calcium, etc.
- alkali metal salts such as sodium and potassium
- alkaline earth metal salts such as magnesium and calcium, etc.
- These may be used individually by 1 type and may use 2 or more types together.
- Either one or both of the carboxylic acid and the carboxylate may be used.
- the total amount of carboxylic acid and carboxylate is 0 with respect to 1 mol of zinc in yeast. It is preferably 2 mol or more, more preferably 1.0 mol or more. If the total amount is less than 0.2 mol, the elution rate of zinc may deteriorate.
- the solvent used in the solution containing at least one of the carboxylic acid and the carboxylic acid salt (hereinafter also referred to as “carboxylic acid buffer”) is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected depending on the purpose. It is usually water, and may be a mixed solution of water and an organic solvent such as alcohol.
- the concentration of the carboxylate buffer is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected depending on the intended purpose. However, from the viewpoint of zinc extraction efficiency, it is preferably as high as possible, preferably 20 mmol / L or more, and 50 mmol / L. L or more is more preferable, and 150 mmol / L or more is still more preferable.
- the pH of the said carboxylate buffer solution can select suitably.
- the pH can be adjusted by changing the quantitative ratio of the carboxylic acid and the carboxylate.
- the pH of the suspension in the extraction step is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected depending on the intended purpose, but is preferably 3.0 to 10.0.
- the extraction time and suspension temperature in the extraction step are not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected depending on the purpose.
- the elution rate of zinc in the extraction step (hereinafter also referred to as “extraction rate”) is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected depending on the intended purpose, but it is preferably as high as possible and is preferably 9% or more. 30% or more is more preferable, and 60% or more is particularly preferable.
- Suspension There is no restriction
- the shaking conditions are not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected depending on the purpose.
- the method for separating the solid component and the liquid component of the suspension is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected depending on the intended purpose. Examples thereof include separation by filtration and separation by centrifugation.
- a well-known filtration apparatus can be selected suitably, for example, a filter press, a line filter, etc. can be used. These may be used in combination.
- a well-known centrifuge can be selected suitably and can be performed.
- the centrifugation conditions are not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected according to the amount of the suspension. For example, when the amount of the suspension is 5 mL, it is 3,000 rpm for 5 minutes. It can be mentioned as a condition.
- carboxylic acid remains in the zinc-containing yeast extract as a trace of extraction with the carboxylic acid buffer, whether or not the extraction with the carboxylic acid buffer has been performed depends on the carboxylic acid in the zinc-containing yeast extract.
- the other steps are not particularly limited as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired, and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose.
- Examples thereof include a hydrothermal treatment step, a drying step, a concentration step, and a dilution step. .
- Hot water treatment process Before the extraction step, the yeast containing zinc is suspended in hot water at 60 ° C. to 120 ° C., and a solid component and a liquid component of the obtained suspension are separated. It is a process.
- the smell and taste peculiar to yeast yeast odor, yeast taste
- the obtained zinc-rich yeast extract is used as food It is preferable in that it does not impair the flavor of foods and the like when added.
- the temperature of hot water is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected depending on the intended purpose. The higher the temperature, the higher the effect of reducing yeast odor and yeast taste, and 80 to 120 ° C. is more preferable, 95 ° C. More preferably, ⁇ 120 ° C.
- separating the solid component and liquid component of the obtained suspension The method similar to the extraction process mentioned above is mentioned.
- an extraction accelerator that promotes extraction (removal) of yeast odor and yeast taste in order to reduce the smell and taste peculiar to yeast.
- the extraction accelerator is not particularly limited as long as it does not adversely affect the extraction rate of zinc in the next extraction step, and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose. In terms of difficulty in extraction, it is preferable to add a phosphate.
- the addition amount of the extraction accelerator is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected depending on the intended purpose. However, it is preferably 5% by mass to 50% by mass, and preferably 20% by mass to 50% by mass based on the mass of dry yeast cells. % Is more preferable.
- the drying step is a step of drying the zinc-rich yeast extract.
- the drying method is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected depending on the intended purpose.
- the drying method may be performed using a spray dryer L-8 (manufactured by Okawara Chemical Co., Ltd.).
- the yeast extraction solid substance (powder) which highly contained zinc can be obtained, and it can use for the various uses mentioned later.
- the concentration step is a step of concentrating the zinc-rich yeast extract
- the dilution step is a step of diluting the zinc-rich yeast extract.
- a conventionally well-known method can be used.
- the zinc-rich yeast extract of the present invention is a zinc-rich yeast extract containing 0.4% by mass or more of zinc derived from yeast cells, wherein 1 g of the zinc-rich yeast extract is dissolved or dispersed in 100 mL of water.
- the turbidity at the time of being made is 0.10 or less as an absorbance (OD660) in wavelength 660nm.
- OD660 absorbance
- limiting in particular as a manufacturing method of the said zinc-rich yeast extract Although it can select suitably according to the objective, It can manufacture suitably with the manufacturing method of the said zinc-rich yeast extract of the said this invention. it can. That is, it is preferable to produce a yeast containing zinc by extraction with a solution containing at least one of carboxylic acid and carboxylate.
- the zinc content in the zinc-rich yeast extract is preferably as large as possible from the viewpoint of using the zinc-rich yeast extract as a zinc-enriched food material.
- “high zinc content” means that 0.4% by mass or more of zinc is contained, preferably 3% by mass or more, and more preferably 5% by mass or more.
- the said zinc content can be measured by a well-known method, for example, can be measured by an atomic absorption method, ICP emission spectroscopy analysis etc.
- the zinc-rich yeast extract of the present invention is highly soluble in water, it has high transparency when made into an aqueous solution, and the turbidity when 1 g of zinc-rich yeast extract is dissolved or dispersed in 100 mL of water is as follows:
- the absorbance (OD 660) at a wavelength of 660 nm is 0.10 or less, preferably 0.05 or less, and more preferably 0.01 or less. If the turbidity exceeds 0.10, it may become turbid when added to foods, discoloration, and the appearance of foods may be impaired.
- the solubility with respect to water is not enough and may precipitate, a problem may arise when using for the use as foodstuffs which require transparency, such as a soft drink.
- the liquid (Extracted liquids, such as a filtrate and a supernatant liquid) obtained by the said extraction process It may be a solid such as powder, particles, or a sheet, or may be a semi-solid such as a gel or a slurry.
- the “zinc-rich yeast extract 1 g” when measuring the turbidity is a dried solid, and the water content of the solid is 7% by mass or less.
- the above-mentioned method can be used, The conditions etc. have no restriction
- the turbidity can be measured by measuring absorbance (OD 660) at a wavelength of 660 nm using a spectrophotometer.
- a spectrophotometer for example, U-2000 type (Hitachi Co., Ltd.) can be used. (Manufactured by Seisakusho).
- the use of the yeast-rich yeast extract of the present invention is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose, but is preferably used as a food material, feed, feed or the like used by being added to food.
- the use as the food material is particularly preferred.
- the use of liquid foods and soft drinks is preferable in that the yeast-rich yeast extract of the present invention is excellent in solubility.
- the use as a food fermentation medium and a vegetable green preservation / restoration agent is preferable.
- a zinc-rich yeast extract of the present invention a zinc-rich food, a zinc-rich feed, a zinc-rich feed and the like can be obtained.
- the state of the dried powder (For example, what dried the extract by spray drying etc.) May be used in the form of a solution dissolved in a solvent, or may be used in a semi-solid state (for example, a gel or cream).
- a preparation method of the zinc-rich extract for making the said usage form It can carry out according to a well-known method using a well-known apparatus etc.
- the food of the present invention contains the zinc-rich yeast extract of the present invention, and further contains other components as necessary.
- the food is one that is less likely to harm human health and is taken by oral or gastrointestinal administration in normal social life. It is not limited to such categories as, for example, it means a wide range of foods that are taken orally, such as general foods, health foods, health functional foods, quasi drugs, and pharmaceuticals.
- the type of the food is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected depending on the intended purpose. Examples thereof include confectionery such as liquid food, bread, biscuits and crackers, processed fishery products, processed meat products, noodles, miso, etc. Seasonings, processed vegetable products, beverages such as juice, ice confections such as ice cream, health foods and the like are preferable, and liquid foods and beverages are particularly preferable.
- the addition amount of the zinc-rich yeast extract in the food is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected depending on the application, purpose and the like.
- assistant raw material or additive etc. which are normally used in manufacturing a foodstuff are mentioned.
- the auxiliary raw material or additive is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected depending on the intended purpose.
- limiting in particular as content of the said other component According to the objective, it can select suitably.
- the vegetable green preservation / restoration agent of the present invention contains the zinc-rich yeast extract of the present invention, and further contains other components as necessary.
- restoration restoring agent As long as it is an edible green plant, It can select suitably according to the objective, For example, green vegetables, such as salted green vegetables and commercially available pickles Can be restored. Specific examples include salted warabi, salted Nozawana, salted cucumber, and peppers.
- Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 Elution of zinc by carboxylate
- 50 mL of 200 mmol / L sodium carboxylate aqueous solution shown in Table 1 was added to a zinc-rich yeast powder (mineral yeast Zn5, zinc content: 54,400 mass ppm, manufactured by Oriental Yeast Co., Ltd.) having a dry matter amount of 5 g. And stirred up to 100 mL.
- the amount of each carboxylate was 2.4 mol with respect to 1 mol of zinc in the yeast to be extracted.
- water or a 200 mmol / L sodium chloride (sodium chloride) aqueous solution was used, and the same test was conducted hereinafter.
- each suspension obtained here was measured with a pH meter MP230 (manufactured by METTTLER TOREDO). While stirring the suspension with a stirrer, 5 mL was taken into a test tube and heated in boiling water for 10 minutes. This suspension was centrifuged at 3,000 rpm for 5 minutes, and only the supernatant was collected in a test tube to obtain a yeast extract and its mass was measured.
- the zinc elution rate is determined by measuring the zinc content in the yeast extract by ICP emission spectroscopy using an ICP emission spectrometer (Optima 2100 DV, manufactured by PerkinElmer). The percentage was calculated. The results are shown in Table 1 and FIG.
- the zinc content (% by mass) of the dry powder in the extract was measured as follows. That is, dextrin was added to the extract after extraction with zinc, the solid content was adjusted to 12% by mass, and then dried using a spray dryer L-8 (manufactured by Okawahara Chemical Co., Ltd.). This was carried out by quantifying zinc by ICP emission spectroscopic analysis using Optima2100DV (manufactured by Perkin Elmer). The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 2 Effect of pH on zinc elution rate
- the powder of mineral yeast Zn5 (made by Oriental Yeast Co., Ltd.) was suspended in 300 mL of water so that it might become a 40 mass% cream.
- the obtained cream was heated in boiling water for 10 minutes, then washed, and the precipitate was made up to 300 mL.
- 10 mL of each aqueous solution (citrate buffer solution) described in Table 2 below containing at least one of citric acid and trisodium citrate was added to and suspended in 10 mL of the obtained cream.
- the concentration of the citrate buffer is 200 mmol / L for all solutions, and the pH of the citrate buffer is adjusted by appropriately changing the quantitative ratio of citric acid and trisodium citrate. did.
- Example 3 and Comparative Example 2 Relationship between the amount of zinc contained in yeast and the total amount of carboxylic acid and carboxylate with respect to zinc elution rate
- mineral yeast Zn5 made by Oriental Yeast Co., Ltd.
- Citric acid was used as the carboxylic acid contained in the extraction solvent, and citrate buffer solutions having the concentrations shown in Table 3 below were prepared.
- the pH of the citrate buffer was adjusted by appropriately changing the quantitative ratio of citric acid and trisodium citrate so as to be 5.0.
- the yeast extract was changed in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the cream concentration of the raw material mineral yeast Zn5 was changed to 37.7% by mass and each citrate buffer solution having the concentration shown in Table 3 below was used.
- the zinc elution rate was measured, and in the same manner as in Example 1, a dry powder of the extract was obtained and the zinc content in the extract was measured. The results are shown in Table 3 below and FIG.
- the zinc elution rate depends on the molar ratio of zinc to carboxylic acid and its salt, and the total amount of carboxylic acid and carboxylate is 1 mol of zinc in the yeast to be extracted. In the case of 0.2 mol to 5.0 mol, it was found that the zinc elution rate was high and the zinc content of the extract (dry powder) was high.
- the suspension was dispensed in 5 mL portions, bathed in boiling water for 10 minutes, and then centrifuged.
- the supernatant was filtered with an ICP filter, and the absorbance (A260 and A280) at wavelengths of 260 nm and 280 nm of the obtained filtrate (yeast extract), yeast odor evaluation, and zinc elution rate were measured.
- the results are shown in Table 4 and FIG.
- A260 and A280 were measured using a spectrophotometer U-2000 type (manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd.).
- the yeast odor was evaluated in the following five stages by performing sensory evaluation and relatively evaluating the yeast odor of each test section. 1: very weak, 2: weak, 3: sensitive, 4: strong, 5: very strong.
- the zinc ratio is determined by measuring the zinc content in the yeast extract by ICP emission spectroscopy using an ICP emission spectrometer (Optima 2100 DV, manufactured by PerkinElmer), and then included in the total amount of suspension.
- sodium hydrogen phosphate which is a phosphate
- sodium hydrogen phosphate is most excellent in that it is excellent in extraction of yeast odors and ultraviolet light absorbing substances and has little zinc elution. I found out. Therefore, it was found that a zinc-rich yeast extract with reduced yeast odor and ultraviolet light absorption substance can be obtained by treating with phosphate before the yeast extract extraction step with carboxylic acid buffer. .
- Example 4 and Comparative Example 3 Evaluation of solubility
- 1 g of the zinc-rich yeast extract powder obtained in Example 3-8 was made up to 100 mL with water to prepare a 1% aqueous solution (mass / volume) of the zinc yeast extract.
- the turbidity of the aqueous solution was measured for absorbance (OD 660) at a wavelength of 660 nm using a spectrophotometer.
- a spectrophotometer U-2000 type (manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd.) was used.
- the presence or absence of precipitation after centrifuging the aqueous solution at 3,000 rpm for 5 minutes was observed.
- the conventional zinc-rich yeast extract Solution Zinc Yeast, manufactured by Grow
- mineral yeast Zn5 produced by Oriental Yeast Co., Ltd.
- mineral yeast Zn5-F Oriental Yeast Industry Co., Ltd.
- the turbidity of the aqueous solution of Example 4 was significantly lower than the turbidity of the aqueous solution of Comparative Example 3-1. Also, from FIG. 5A, the aqueous solution of Example 4 was significantly higher in clarity than the aqueous solution of Comparative Example 3-1. Furthermore, from FIG. 5B, when the aqueous solution was centrifuged at 3,000 rpm for 5 minutes, the precipitate was not confirmed in Example 4, but it was a highly clear solution, whereas the precipitate was confirmed in Comparative Example 3-1. It was done. Therefore, since the zinc-rich yeast extract of the present invention has higher solubility than conventional products, it can be used by adding it to liquid foods and beverages, etc. It turned out that it can also be added and used for soft drinks etc. with high transparency.
- Example 5 and Comparative Example 4 Evaluation of odor and taste
- May balance (yogurt taste), manufactured by Meiji Co., Ltd.) was added (hereinafter referred to as “liquid food”).
- Example 6-1 Evaluation of green retention and restoration effect of salted warabi-1
- a 1% aqueous solution (mass / volume) of the zinc-rich yeast extract powder obtained in Example 3-8 was prepared, and the aqueous solution was boiled and lightly washed with salted bracken (made by Onoya Shoten). . After boiling again, it was boiled for 15 minutes, then colandered and cooled with running water. The cooled salted bracken was subjected to a light irradiation test under conditions of a temperature of 10 ° C. and a light intensity of 600 lux, and the salted bracken was observed at the start of light irradiation and 3 days after the start of light irradiation.
- FIG. 6A shows the state of the salted warabi at each time point
- Table 7-1 shows the measurement results with a color difference meter (color difference meter CR-400 manufactured by Konica Minolta Sensing Co., Ltd.).
- level-up VG mineral-containing lactic acid bacteria, manufactured by Oriental Yeast Co., Ltd., see Patent No. 4700497
- the same test was performed when neither a zinc-rich yeast extract nor a level-up VG was added.
- L * indicates that the value is bright when the value is large, and dark when the value is small.
- a * indicates red when the value is large, and green when it is small.
- B * indicates yellow when the value is large, and blue when it is small.
- Example 6-1 using the zinc-rich yeast extract of the present invention is green from the start of light irradiation, and 3 days after the start of light irradiation. However, it was not discolored, and it was confirmed that it had almost the same effect as the level-up VG as a positive control. In the negative control, the color was brown from the start of light irradiation and the a * value was high.
- Example 6-2 Evaluation of the green retention and restoration effect of salted warabi-2
- a 1% aqueous solution (mass / volume) of the zinc-rich yeast extract powder obtained in Example 3-8 was prepared, and the aqueous solution was boiled and lightly washed with salted bracken (made by Onoya Shoten). . After boiling again, it was boiled for 15 minutes, then colandered and cooled with running water. The cooled salted warabi and water were vacuum packed at 1: 1 (mass ratio) and stored at a temperature of 5 ° C. for 4 weeks.
- FIG. 6B shows the state of salted warabi at the start of storage, 1 week after the start of storage, 2 weeks after the start of storage, 3 weeks after the start of storage, and 4 weeks after the start of storage.
- Table 7-2 shows the results of measurement with a color difference meter (color difference meter CR-400, manufactured by Konica Minolta Sensing Co., Ltd.) at the start of storage, 2 weeks after the start of storage, and 4 weeks after the start of storage. .
- level-up VG (mineral-containing lactic acid bacteria, manufactured by Oriental Yeast Co., Ltd., see Patent No. 4700497) was also prepared and tested in the same manner so that the zinc content was equivalent.
- a negative control the same test was performed when neither a zinc-rich yeast extract nor a level-up VG was added.
- Example 6-2 using the zinc-rich yeast extract of the present invention has a green color from the start of storage, and 2 weeks after the start of storage and 4 It was confirmed that the color did not fade even after a week and had almost the same effect as the level-up VG as a positive control. In the negative control, the color was brown from the start of storage and the a * value was high.
- Example 7-1 Evaluation of Shio Nozawana Green Retention Effect-1
- a light irradiation test was conducted in the same manner as in Example 6-1 except that the salted bracken was used in Example 6-1 except that Shiozo Nozawana (manufactured by Taniguchi Shuzo Co., Ltd.) was used.
- FIG. 7A shows the state of Shio Nozawana at the start of light irradiation and 3 days after the start of light irradiation
- Table 8-1 shows the measurement results with a color difference meter (color difference meter CR-400 manufactured by Konica Minolta Sensing Co., Ltd.). Show.
- the positive control and the negative control were the same as in Example 6-1.
- Example 7-1 using the zinc-rich yeast extract of the present invention the color is green from the start of light irradiation, and 3 days after the start of light irradiation. However, it was not discolored, and it was confirmed that it had almost the same effect as the level-up VG as a positive control. In the negative control, the color was brown from the start of light irradiation and the a * value was high.
- Example 7-2 Evaluation of Shio Nozawana Green Retaining Effect-2
- a storage test was conducted in the same manner as in Example 6-2, except that in Example 6-2, the point of using salted bracken was replaced by Shiozo Nozawana (manufactured by Taniguchi Shuzo Co., Ltd.).
- FIG. 7B shows the state of Shio Nozawana at the start of storage, 1 week after the start of storage, 2 weeks after the start of storage, 3 weeks after the start of storage, and 4 weeks after the start of storage.
- Table 8-2 shows the measurement results obtained by using a color difference meter (color difference meter CR-400 manufactured by Konica Minolta Sensing Co., Ltd.) of Shio Nozawana at the start of storage, 2 weeks after the start of storage, and 4 weeks after the start of storage. Show.
- the positive control and the negative control were the same as in Example 6-2.
- Example 7-2 using the yeast-rich yeast extract of the present invention is green from the start of storage, and 2 weeks after the start of storage and 4 It was confirmed that the color did not fade even after a week and had almost the same effect as the level-up VG as a positive control. In the negative control, the color was brown from the start of storage and the a * value was high.
- Example 8-1 Evaluation of green retention and restoration effect of salted cucumber-1
- a light irradiation test was conducted in the same manner as in Example 6-1 except that in Example 6-1 the salted bracken was used instead of the salted cucumber.
- the state of salted cucumber at the start of light irradiation and 3 days after the start of light irradiation is shown in FIG. 8A, and the measurement results with a color difference meter (color difference meter CR-400 manufactured by Konica Minolta Sensing Co., Ltd.) are shown in Table 9-1.
- the positive control and the negative control were the same as in Example 6-1.
- Example 8-1 using the zinc-rich yeast extract of the present invention is green from the start of light irradiation, and 3 days after the start of light irradiation. However, it was not discolored, and it was confirmed that it had almost the same effect as the level-up VG as a positive control. In the negative control, the color was brown from the start of light irradiation and the a * value was high.
- Example 8-2 Evaluation of the green retention and restoration effect of salted cucumber-2)
- Example 6-2 the salted warabi was used instead of the salted cucumber.
- FIG. 8B shows the state of salted cucumbers at the start of storage, 1 week after the start of storage, 2 weeks after the start of storage, 3 weeks after the start of storage, and 4 weeks after the start of storage.
- Table 9-2 shows the measurement results with a color difference meter (color difference meter CR-400 manufactured by Konica Minolta Sensing Co., Ltd.) of salted cucumbers at the start of storage, 2 weeks after the start of storage, and 4 weeks after the start of storage. .
- the positive control and the negative control were the same as in Example 6-2.
- Example 8-2 using the yeast-rich yeast extract of the present invention the color is green from the start of storage, and 2 weeks after the start of storage and 4 It was confirmed that the color did not fade even after a week and had almost the same effect as the level-up VG as a positive control. In the negative control, the color was brown from the start of storage and the a * value was high.
- Example 9 Evaluation of green color retention restoration effect of bell pepper
- a commercially available bell pepper was cut and poured into an aqueous solution containing 1% by volume of brewed vinegar (manufactured by Mitsukan Co., Ltd.), and then boiled at 65 to 70 ° C. for 30 minutes to perform a fading process of the bell pepper.
- a 2% aqueous solution (mass / volume) of the zinc-rich yeast extract powder obtained in Example 3-8 was prepared, and the faded green pepper was transferred to the aqueous solution and immersed overnight (16 hours). I let you.
- the liquid in which the green pepper was immersed was cut into a colander, divided into an aqueous solution and a green pepper, and the aqueous solution was boiled, and then the green pepper was charged again into the aqueous solution. After the addition, it was boiled for 15 minutes, then the colander was cut and cooled with running water.
- the cooled peppers were subjected to a light irradiation test under the conditions of a temperature of 10 ° C. and a light intensity of 600 lux, and the green peppers were observed at the start of light irradiation and three days after the start of light irradiation.
- the state of the bell pepper at each time point is shown in FIG.
- Example 9 using the zinc-rich yeast extract of the present invention, the a * value hardly changed even after 3 days from the start of light irradiation, that is, the green color faded. It was confirmed that it had almost the same effect as the level-up VG as a positive control. On the other hand, in the case of no addition, the a * value was large after 3 days from the start of light irradiation.
- the zinc-rich yeast extract of the present invention contains a natural product-derived zinc in a high concentration, is excellent in solubility in water, and does not impair the flavor or the like of the added food.
- the zinc elution rate from yeast containing zinc is high, and a zinc-rich yeast extract can be produced efficiently.
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Abstract
Description
しかしながら、従来の亜鉛含有酵母においては、酵母臭等の独特の臭い及び酵母味等の独特の味が十分に低減されていないため、食品素材としての用途には十分でなかった。また、従来の亜鉛含有酵母は、水に可溶でないため、食品に添加した際ににごりや沈殿が生じ、特に清涼飲料水等としての用途には利用できないという問題があった。
<1> 亜鉛を含有する酵母を、カルボン酸及びカルボン酸塩の少なくともいずれかを含む溶液に懸濁させ、得られた懸濁液の固体成分と液体成分とを分離する抽出工程を含むことを特徴とする亜鉛高含有酵母抽出物の製造方法である。
<2> カルボン酸及びカルボン酸塩の総量が、酵母中の亜鉛1モルに対して0.2モル以上である前記<1>に記載の亜鉛高含有酵母抽出物の製造方法である。
<3> カルボン酸が、2価以上のカルボン酸であり、カルボン酸塩が、2価以上のカルボン酸塩である前記<1>から<2>のいずれかに記載の亜鉛高含有酵母抽出物の製造方法である。
<4> カルボン酸が、3価のカルボン酸であり、カルボン酸塩が、3価のカルボン酸塩である前記<1>から<3>のいずれかに記載の亜鉛高含有酵母抽出物の製造方法である。
<5> 抽出工程の前に、酵母を60℃~120℃の熱水に懸濁させ、得られた懸濁液の固体成分と液体成分とを分離する熱水処理工程を含む前記<1>から<4>のいずれかに記載の亜鉛高含有酵母抽出物の製造方法である。
<6> 熱水処理工程において、熱水にリン酸塩を添加する前記<5>に記載の亜鉛高含有酵母抽出物の製造方法である。
<7> 抽出工程における懸濁液のpHが、3.0~10.0である前記<1>から<6>のいずれかに記載の亜鉛高含有酵母抽出物の製造方法である。
<8> 抽出工程における懸濁液の固体成分と液体成分との分離を濾過により行う前記<1>から<7>のいずれかに記載の亜鉛高含有酵母抽出物の製造方法である。
<9> 熱水処理工程における懸濁液の固体成分と液体成分との分離を濾過により行う前記<5>から<8>のいずれかに記載の亜鉛高含有酵母抽出物の製造方法である。
<11> 前記<1>から<9>のいずれかに記載の製造方法により製造された前記<10>に記載の亜鉛高含有酵母抽出物である。
<12> 酵母が、食用酵母である前記<10>から<11>のいずれかに記載の亜鉛高含有酵母抽出物である。
<13> 食用酵母が、パン酵母、ビール酵母、ワイン酵母、清酒酵母及び味噌醤油酵母から選択される少なくとも1種である前記<12>に記載の亜鉛高含有酵母抽出物である。
<14> 食用酵母が、Saccharomyces cerevisiaeである前記<12>に記載の亜鉛高含有酵母抽出物である。
<16> 食品が流動食及び清涼飲料水のいずれかである前記<15>に記載の亜鉛高含有酵母抽出物である。
<17> 前記<10>から<16>のいずれかに記載の亜鉛高含有酵母抽出物を含むことを特徴とする食品である。
<18> 前記<10>から<14>のいずれかに記載の亜鉛高含有酵母抽出物を含むことを特徴とする野菜の緑色保持復元剤である。
本発明の亜鉛高含有酵母抽出物の製造方法は、抽出工程を含み、更に必要に応じて、熱水処理工程、乾燥工程などその他の工程を含む。
前記抽出工程は、亜鉛を含有する酵母を、カルボン酸及びカルボン酸塩の少なくともいずれかを含む溶液に懸濁させ、得られた懸濁液の固体成分と液体成分とを分離する工程である。前記抽出工程により、亜鉛を高含有する液体成分(抽出物)を得ることができる。
前記酵母は、菌体内に亜鉛を含んでいる限り特に制限はなく、目的に応じて適宜選択することができる。前記酵母における亜鉛含有量としては、亜鉛高含有酵母抽出物を亜鉛強化食品素材等として用いる場合には多いほど好ましいが、該亜鉛高含有酵母抽出物を効率的に製造する観点からは、乾燥菌体質量当たり0.06質量%~10質量%が好ましく、5質量%~10質量%がより好ましい。
なお、前記酵母における亜鉛含有量は、公知の方法で測定することができ、例えば原子吸光法により測定することができる。
なお、添加する亜鉛の種類、培地の種類、培養条件などは、特に制限はなく、目的に応じて適宜選択することができる。
前記食用酵母としては、特に制限はなく、公知のものの中から選択することができ、例えば、パン酵母、ビール酵母、ワイン酵母、清酒酵母、味噌醤油酵母などが挙げられる。これらの中でも、パン酵母が特に好ましい。
これらの中でも、Saccharomyces cerevisiae、Saccharomyces carlsbergensisが好ましく、Saccharomyces cerevisiaeが特に好ましい。
前記カルボン酸としては、特に制限はなく、目的に応じて適宜選択することができ、1価のカルボン酸でも、2価以上の多価カルボン酸でもよいが、亜鉛の抽出効率の観点から、2価以上のカルボン酸が好ましく、3価以上のカルボン酸がより好ましい。
前記2価のカルボン酸としては、例えば、シュウ酸、マロン酸、コハク酸、グルタル酸、アジピン酸、フマル酸、マレイン酸、酒石酸、オキサロ酢酸、α-ケトグルタル酸などが挙げられる。
前記3価のカルボン酸としては、例えば、クエン酸、イソクエン酸、アコニット酸、オキサロコハク酸などが挙げられる。
これらの中でも、クエン酸、コハク酸、酒石酸が好ましく、クエン酸がより好ましい。
これらは、1種単独で使用してもよいし、2種以上を併用してもよい。
これらは、1種単独で使用してもよいし、2種以上を併用してもよい。
前記塩の種類としては、特に制限はなく、目的に応じて適宜選択することができ、例えば、ナトリウム、カリウム等のアルカリ金属塩、マグネシウム、カルシウム等のアルカリ土類金属塩などが挙げられる。これらは、1種単独で使用してもよいし、2種以上を併用してもよい。
前記カルボン酸緩衝液の濃度としては、特に制限はなく、目的に応じて適宜選択することができるが、亜鉛の抽出効率の観点から、高いほど好ましく、20ミリモル/L以上が好ましく、50ミリモル/L以上がより好ましく、150ミリモル/L以上が更に好ましい。
前記抽出工程における懸濁液のpHとしては、特に制限はなく、目的に応じて適宜選択することができるが、3.0~10.0であることが好ましい。
前記亜鉛の溶出率は、下記式により求めることができる。
亜鉛の溶出率(%)={抽出物中の亜鉛全量(質量)/抽出に用いた酵母に含まれる亜鉛全量(質量)}×100
前記酵母を前記カルボン酸及びカルボン酸塩の少なくともいずれかを含む溶液(カルボン酸緩衝液)に懸濁させる方法としては、特に制限はなく、公知の攪拌方法や振とう方法を用いることができる。
また、前記抽出工程において、前記懸濁液を更に振とうしてもよい。前記振とうの条件としては、特に制限はなく、目的に応じて適宜選択することができる。
前記懸濁液の固体成分と液体成分とを分離する方法としては、特に制限はなく、目的に応じて適宜選択することができ、例えば、濾過による分離、遠心による分離などが挙げられる。
前記濾過の方法としては、特に制限はなく、公知の濾過装置を適宜選択して行うことができ、例えば、フィルタープレス、ラインフィルターなどを用いることができる。なお、これらは併用してもよい。
前記遠心分離の方法としては、特に制限はなく、公知の遠心装置を適宜選択して行うことができる。また、前記遠心の条件としても、特に制限はなく、前記懸濁液の量に応じて適宜選択することができ、例えば、前記懸濁液の量が5mLの場合は、3,000rpmで5分間という条件とすることが挙げられる。
前記その他の工程としては、本発明の効果を損なわない限り特に制限はなく、目的に応じて適宜選択することができ、例えば、熱水処理工程、乾燥工程、濃縮工程、希釈工程などが挙げられる。これらの中でも、熱水処理工程を含むことが好ましい。
前記熱水処理工程は、前記抽出工程の前に、亜鉛を含有する前記酵母を60℃~120℃の熱水に懸濁させ、得られた懸濁液の固体成分と液体成分とを分離する工程である。前記抽出工程の前に、前記熱水処理工程を行うことにより、酵母特有の臭い及び味(酵母臭、酵母味)を低減することができ、得られた亜鉛高含有酵母抽出物を食品等に添加した際に食品等の風味を損なわない点で好ましい。
また、熱水の温度としては、特に制限はなく、目的に応じて適宜選択することができるが、高いほど酵母臭及び酵母味の低減効果が高く、80℃~120℃がより好ましく、95℃~120℃が更に好ましい。
なお、酵母を懸濁させる方法及び得られた懸濁液の固体成分と液体成分とを分離するする方法としては、特に制限はなく、前述した抽出工程と同様の方法が挙げられる。
前記乾燥工程は、前記亜鉛高含有酵母抽出物を乾燥させる工程である。
前記乾燥の方法としては、特に制限はなく、目的に応じて適宜選択することができ、例えば、スプレードライヤーL-8(大川原化工機株式会社製)を用いて行うことができる。これにより、亜鉛を高含有した酵母抽出固形物(粉体)を得ることができ、後述する種々の用途に用いることができる。なお、前記固形物とする際には、デキストリン等の賦形剤を適宜含有させてもよい。
前記濃縮工程は、前記亜鉛高含有酵母抽出物を濃縮する工程であり、前記希釈工程は、前記亜鉛高含有酵母抽出物を希釈する工程である。
前記濃縮及び希釈の方法としては、特に制限はなく、従来公知の方法を用いることができる。
本発明の亜鉛高含有酵母抽出物は、酵母菌体由来の亜鉛を0.4質量%以上含有する亜鉛高含有酵母抽出物であって、亜鉛高含有酵母抽出物1gを水100mLに溶解乃至分散させたときの濁度が、波長660nmにおける吸光度(O.D.660)として、0.10以下である。
前記亜鉛高含有酵母抽出物の製造方法としては、特に制限はなく、目的に応じて適宜選択することができるが、前記本発明の亜鉛高含有酵母抽出物の製造方法によって好適に製造することができる。即ち、亜鉛を含有する酵母を、カルボン酸及びカルボン酸塩の少なくともいずれかを含む溶液で抽出して製造することが好ましい。
前記亜鉛高含有酵母抽出物における亜鉛含有量としては、亜鉛高含有酵母抽出物を亜鉛強化食品素材等として用いる観点から、多いほど好ましい。本発明において「亜鉛高含有」とは、亜鉛を0.4質量%以上含有することをいい、3質量%以上含有することが好ましく、5質量%以上含有することがより好ましい。
このように亜鉛を高濃度に含有することにより、流動食、飲料等の経口経管栄養組成物、食品素材等として好適に用いることができる。
なお、前記亜鉛含有量は、公知の方法で測定することができ、例えば、原子吸光法、ICP発光分光分析法などにより測定することができる。
本発明の亜鉛高含有酵母抽出物は、水に対する溶解性が高いため、水溶液とした場合の透明度が高く、亜鉛高含有酵母抽出物1gを水100mLに溶解乃至分散させたときの濁度が、波長660nmにおける吸光度(O.D.660)として、0.10以下であり、0.05以下が好ましく、0.01以下がより好ましい。前記濁度が0.10を超えると、食品等に添加した際に濁りが生じ、変色することが有り、食品等の外観を損ねることがある。また、水に対する溶解性が十分でなく、沈殿することがあるため、特に清涼飲料水等、透明性が必要とされる食品としての用途に用いる際に問題が生じることがある。
なお、前記濁度は、分光光度計を使用して、波長660nmにおける吸光度(O.D.660)を測定することができ、前記分光光度計としては、例えば、U-2000型(株式会社日立製作所製)などが挙げられる。
本発明の亜鉛高含有酵母抽出物の用途としては、特に制限はなく、目的に応じて適宜選択することができるが、食品に添加されて用いられる食品素材、飼料、餌料等としての用途が好ましく、前記食品素材としての用途が特に好ましい。前記食品素材の中でも、本発明の亜鉛高含有酵母抽出物が溶解性に優れる点で、流動食、清涼飲料水の用途が好ましい。その他の用途としては、食品発酵培地、野菜の緑色保持復元剤としての用途が好ましい。本発明の亜鉛高含有酵母抽出物を用いることにより、亜鉛高含有食品、亜鉛高含有飼料、亜鉛高含有餌料等が得られる。
本発明の食品は、本発明の亜鉛高含有酵母抽出物を含み、更に必要に応じてその他の成分を含む。
ここで、前記食品とは、人の健康に危害を加えるおそれが少なく、通常の社会生活において、経口又は消化管投与により摂取されるものをいい、行政区分上の食品、医薬品、医薬部外品などの区分に制限されるものではなく、例えば、経口的に摂取される一般食品、健康食品、保健機能食品、医薬部外品、医薬品などを幅広く含むものを意味する。
前記食品の種類としては、特に制限はなく、目的に応じて適宜選択することができるが、例えば、流動食、パン、ビスケット,クラッカー等の製菓、水産加工品、食肉加工品、麺類、味噌等の調味料、加工野菜製品、ジュース等の飲料、アイスクリーム等の氷菓、健康食品等が好ましく、流動食、飲料が特に好ましい。
前記補助的原料又は添加物としては、特に制限はなく、目的に応じて適宜選択することができ、例えば、ブドウ糖、果糖、ショ糖、マルトース、ソルビトール、ステビオサイド、ルブソサイド、コーンシロップ、乳糖、クエン酸、酒石酸、リンゴ酸、コハク酸、乳酸、L-アスコルビン酸、dl-α-トコフェロール、エリソルビン酸ナトリウム、グリセリン、プロピレングリコール、グリセリン脂肪酸エステル、ポリグリセリン脂肪酸エステル、ショ糖脂肪酸エステル、ソルビタン脂肪酸エステル、アラビアガム、カラギーナン、カゼイン、ゼラチン、ペクチン、寒天、ビタミンB類、ニコチン酸アミド、パントテン酸カルシウム、アミノ酸類、カルシウム塩類、色素、香料、保存剤などが挙げられる。
前記その他の成分の含有量としては、特に制限はなく、目的に応じて適宜選択することができる。
本発明の野菜の緑色保持復元剤は、本発明の亜鉛高含有酵母抽出物を含み、更に必要に応じてその他の成分を含む。
前記緑色保持復元剤の対象となる野菜としては、食用の緑色植物である限り特に制限はなく、目的に応じて適宜選択することができ、例えば、塩漬けされた緑色野菜、市販の漬物等の緑色を保持復元することができる。具体例としては、塩蔵わらび、塩蔵野沢菜、塩蔵きゅうり、ピーマンなどが挙げられる。
前記野菜の緑色保持復元剤中の前記亜鉛高含有酵母抽出物の添加量としては、特に制限はなく、用途、目的等に応じて適宜選択することができる。
また、前記その他の成分としては、特に制限はなく、目的に応じて適宜選択することができ、例えば、前述した補助的原料又は添加物などが挙げられる。
乾物質量5gの亜鉛高含有酵母粉末(ミネラル酵母Zn5、亜鉛含有量:54,400質量ppm、オリエンタル酵母工業株式会社製)に、表1に示す200ミリモル/Lの各カルボン酸ナトリウム水溶液を50mL加えて攪拌し、100mLにメスアップした。なお、前記各カルボン酸塩の量は、抽出される酵母中の亜鉛1モルに対して、2.4モルであった。対照としては、水又は200ミリモル/Lの塩化ナトリウム(食塩)水溶液を用い、以下同様の試験を行った。ここで得られた各懸濁液のpHをpHメーターMP230(METTLER TOREDO社製)で測定した。
前記懸濁液をスターラーによって攪拌しながら、5mLを試験管に取り、沸騰水中で10分間加熱した。この懸濁液を3,000rpmで5分間遠心分離し、上清のみを試験管に採取し、酵母抽出物を得て、その質量を測定した。
前記亜鉛の溶出率は、酵母抽出物中の亜鉛含有量を、ICP発光分光分析装置(Optima2100DV、パーキンエルマー社製)を用いてICP発光分光分析法により測定し、抽出液へ溶出された亜鉛の割合を計算した。結果を表1及び図1に示す。
40質量%のクリームになるようミネラル酵母Zn5(オリエンタル酵母工業株式会社製)の粉末を300mLの水に懸濁した。得られたクリームを沸騰水中で10分間加熱した後、洗浄し、沈殿を300mLにメスアップした。得られたクリーム10mLにクエン酸及びクエン酸三ナトリウムの少なくともいずれかを含む下記表2に記載の各水溶液(クエン酸緩衝液)10mLを添加して懸濁させた。なお、前記クエン酸緩衝液の濃度は、全ての液で200ミリモル/Lであり、前記クエン酸緩衝液のpHは、クエン酸とクエン酸三ナトリウムとの量比を適宜変更することにより、調整した。
各クエン酸緩衝液に懸濁させてから2時間後、遠心分離を行い、得られた上清(酵母抽出物)について、実施例1と同様にして、亜鉛溶出率を測定し、実施例1と同様にして、抽出物の乾燥粉末を得て抽出物における亜鉛含有量を測定した。結果を下記表2及び図2に示す。
原料としてミネラル酵母Zn5(オリエンタル酵母工業株式会社製)を用いてカルボン酸緩衝液濃度と亜鉛の抽出効率との関係を試験した。抽出溶媒に含まれるカルボン酸として、クエン酸を用い、下記表3に示された濃度のクエン酸緩衝液を用意した。クエン酸緩衝液のpHは、5.0となるように、クエン酸とクエン酸三ナトリウムとの量比を適宜変更することにより調整した。
原料のミネラル酵母Zn5のクリーム濃度を、37.7質量%に変更し、下記表3に示した濃度の各クエン酸緩衝液を用いた以外は、実施例2と同様にして、酵母抽出物を得て亜鉛溶出率を測定し、実施例1と同様にして、抽出物の乾燥粉末を得て抽出物における亜鉛含有量を測定した。結果を下記表3及び図3に示す。
熱水処理にて前処理する際に、表4に示す各抽出促進剤の水溶液を添加して酵母臭及び紫外部吸光物質の除去を検討した。
各水溶液50mLにミネラル酵母Zn5(オリエンタル酵母工業株式会社製)粉末5gを懸濁し、懸濁液のpHを確認した。水を用いて100mLにメスアップし酵母懸濁液を得た。このとき、キトサンの最終濃度は、0.5%(グルコサミンの分子量=179として28ミリモル/L)、キトサン以外の各抽出促進剤の最終濃度は、それぞれ100ミリモル/Lとした。前記懸濁液を5mLずつ分注し、沸騰水中に10分間水浴した後、遠心分離した。上清をICP用フィルターにてろ過し、得られたろ液(酵母抽出物)の波長260nm及び280nmにおける吸光度(A260及びA280)の測定、酵母臭の評価、並びに亜鉛溶出率の測定を行った。結果を表4及び図4に示す。
前記酵母臭の評価は、官能評価を行い各試験区の酵母臭を相対評価して、次の5段階で評価した。1:非常に弱い、2:弱い、3:感知する、4:強い、5:非常に強い。
また、前記亜鉛の割合は、前記酵母抽出物中の亜鉛含有量をICP発光分光分析装置(Optima2100DV、パーキンエルマー社製)を用いてICP発光分光分析法により測定した後、懸濁液全量に含まれる亜鉛の含有量を14,400ppm(=5g×5.75%×5mL)とし、各抽出促進剤によって抽出された抽出液量を4.3mLとして、抽出液へ溶出された亜鉛の割合を計算した。
実施例3-8で得られた亜鉛高含有酵母抽出物の粉末1gを水で100mLにメスアップして、亜鉛酵母抽出物の1%水溶液(質量/体積)を作製した。前記水溶液の濁度を分光光度計を使用して、波長660nmにおける吸光度(O.D.660)を測定した。前記分光光度計としては、U-2000型(株式会社日立製作所製)を用いた。更に前記水溶液を3,000rpmで5分間遠心した後の沈殿の有無を観察した。
また、対照として、従来品の亜鉛高含有酵母抽出物(Soulble Zinc Yeast、Grow社製)、並びに抽出を行っていないミネラル酵母Zn5(オリエンタル酵母工業株式会社製)、及びミネラル酵母Zn5-F(オリエンタル酵母工業株式会社製)も同様にして、水溶液の濁度を測定し、沈殿の有無の評価を行った。結果を表5、図5A及び図5Bに示す。
したがって、本発明の亜鉛高含有酵母抽出物は、従来品よりも溶解性が高いため、流動食や飲料等にも添加して使用することができ、また、濁りや変色が生じないため、特に透明度の高い清涼飲料水等に添加して使用することもできることが分かった。
実施例3-8で得られた亜鉛高含有酵母抽出物の粉末、該粉末の1%水溶液(質量/体積)、前記粉末を1%(質量/質量)となるように調整粉乳(チルミル、森永乳業株式会社製)14gを水100mLに溶解又は懸濁させた水溶液に溶解させたもの(以下、「ミルク」と称する)、前記粉末を1%(質量/質量)となるように、栄養調整食品(メイバランス(ヨーグルト味)、株式会社明治製)に添加したもの(以下、「流動食」と称する)を用意した。
上記亜鉛高含有酵母抽出物、1%水溶液、ミルク、及び流動食について、酵母或いは酵母抽出物に特有の酵母臭、エキス臭、酵母味、及びエキス味を6人の評価者に評価してもらった。
評価は、亜鉛高含有酵母抽出物における各評価項目の評価を3とした場合の各試料の評価を下記基準に従って6人の評価者の数値の平均をとった。なお、対照として、従来品(Soluble Zinc Yeast、Grow社製)及び抽出前の亜鉛高含有酵母(ミネラル酵母Zn5及びミネラル酵母Zn5-F、いずれもオリエンタル酵母工業株式会社製)も同様に評価した。結果を表6に示す。
-評価基準-
5:非常に強い
4:強い
3:同等
2:弱い
1:非常に弱い
実施例3-8で得られた亜鉛高含有酵母抽出物の粉末の1%水溶液(質量/体積)を調製し、前記水溶液を沸騰させ、軽く水洗いした塩蔵わらび(小野家商店製)を投入した。再沸騰後、15分間ボイルした後、ザル切りして流水で冷却した。前記冷却した塩蔵わらびに対して、温度10℃、光強度600ルクスの条件で光照射試験を実施し、光照射開始時、及び光照射開始から3日間後の塩蔵わらびを観察した。それぞれの時点での塩蔵わらびの状態を図6Aに示し、色差計(コニカミノルタセンシング株式会社製 色彩色差計CR-400)による測定結果を表7-1に示す。
なお、陽性対照として、レベルアップVG(ミネラル含有乳酸菌体、オリエンタル酵母工業株式会社製、特許第4700497号参照)についても、亜鉛含有量が同等となるように調製して同様に試験を行った。また、陰性対照として、亜鉛高含有酵母抽出物、及びレベルアップVGのいずれも添加しなかった場合についても同様に試験を行った。
実施例3-8で得られた亜鉛高含有酵母抽出物の粉末の1%水溶液(質量/体積)を調製し、前記水溶液を沸騰させ、軽く水洗いした塩蔵わらび(小野家商店製)を投入した。再沸騰後、15分間ボイルした後、ザル切りして流水で冷却した。前記冷却した塩蔵わらびと、水とを1:1(質量比)で真空パックし、温度5℃で4週間保存した。保存開始時、保存開始から1週間後、保存開始から2週間後、保存開始から3週間後、及び保存開始から4週間後の塩蔵わらびの状態を図6Bに示す。また、保存開始時、保存開始から2週間後、及び保存開始から4週間後における塩蔵わらびの色差計(コニカミノルタセンシング株式会社製 色彩色差計CR-400)による測定結果を表7-2に示す。
なお、陽性対照として、レベルアップVG(ミネラル含有乳酸菌体、オリエンタル酵母工業株式会社製、特許第4700497号参照)についても、亜鉛含有量が同等となるように調製して同様に試験を行った。また、陰性対照として、亜鉛高含有酵母抽出物、及びレベルアップVGのいずれも添加しなかった場合についても同様に試験を行った。
実施例6-1において、塩蔵わらびを用いていた点を、塩蔵野沢菜(谷口醸造株式会社製)に代えた以外は、実施例6-1と同様にして光照射試験を行った。光照射開始時、及び光照射開始から3日間後の塩蔵野沢菜の状態を図7Aに示し、色差計(コニカミノルタセンシング株式会社製 色彩色差計CR-400)による測定結果を表8-1に示す。
なお、陽性対照及び陰性対照も実施例6-1と同様とした。
実施例6-2において、塩蔵わらびを用いていた点を、塩蔵野沢菜(谷口醸造株式会社製)に代えた以外は、実施例6-2と同様にして保存試験を行った。保存開始時、保存開始から1週間後、保存開始から2週間後、保存開始から3週間後、及び保存開始から4週間後の塩蔵野沢菜の状態を図7Bに示す。また、保存開始時、保存開始から2週間後、及び保存開始から4週間後における塩蔵野沢菜の色差計(コニカミノルタセンシング株式会社製 色彩色差計CR-400)による測定結果を表8-2に示す。
なお、陽性対照及び陰性対照も実施例6-2と同様とした。
実施例6-1において、塩蔵わらびを用いていた点を、塩蔵きゅうり(株式会社吉粋製)に代えた以外は、実施例6-1と同様にして光照射試験を行った。光照射開始時、及び光照射開始から3日間後の塩蔵きゅうりの状態を図8Aに示し、色差計(コニカミノルタセンシング株式会社製 色彩色差計CR-400)による測定結果を表9-1に示す。
なお、陽性対照及び陰性対照も実施例6-1と同様とした。
実施例6-2において、塩蔵わらびを用いていた点を、塩蔵きゅうり(株式会社吉粋製)に代えた以外は、実施例6-2と同様にして保存試験を行った。保存開始時、保存開始から1週間後、保存開始から2週間後、保存開始から3週間後、及び保存開始から4週間後の塩蔵きゅうりの状態を図8Bに示す。また、保存開始時、保存開始から2週間後、及び保存開始から4週間後における塩蔵きゅうりの色差計(コニカミノルタセンシング株式会社製 色彩色差計CR-400)による測定結果を表9-2に示す。
なお、陽性対照及び陰性対照も実施例6-2と同様とした。
市販のピーマンをカットし、醸造酢(株式会社ミツカン製)を1体積%含む水溶液中に投入した後、65℃から70℃で30分間ボイルし、ピーマンの退色処理を行った。次いで、実施例3-8で得られた亜鉛高含有酵母抽出物の粉末の2%水溶液(質量/体積)を調製し、前記水溶液に前記退色させたピーマンを移し、一晩(16時間)浸漬させた。前記ピーマンを浸漬させた液をザル切りし、水溶液とピーマンとに分け、前記水溶液を沸騰させた後、前記ピーマンを再度水溶液に投入した。投入後、15分間ボイルした後、ザル切りして流水で冷却した。
前記冷却したピーマンに対して、温度10℃、光強度600ルクスの条件で光照射試験を実施し、光照射開始時、及び光照射開始から3日間後のピーマンを観察した。それぞれの時点でのピーマンの状態を図9に示し、色差計(コニカミノルタセンシング株式会社製 色彩色差計CR-400)による測定結果を表10に示す。
なお、陽性対照として、レベルアップVG(ミネラル含有乳酸菌体、オリエンタル酵母工業株式会社製、特許第4700497号参照)についても、亜鉛含有量が同等となるように調製して同様に試験を行った。また、退色処理を行わず、かつ、亜鉛高含有酵母抽出物、及びレベルアップVGのいずれも添加しなかった場合(以下、「無添加」と称することがある)についても同様に試験を行った。更に、前記醸造酢による処理のみ(退色処理のみ)を行ったピーマンについても同様に試験を行った。
本発明の亜鉛高含有酵母抽出物の製造方法によれば、亜鉛を含有する酵母からの亜鉛溶出率が高く、亜鉛高含有酵母抽出物を効率的に製造することができる。
Claims (10)
- 亜鉛を含有する酵母を、カルボン酸及びカルボン酸塩の少なくともいずれかを含む溶液に懸濁させ、得られた懸濁液の固体成分と液体成分とを分離する抽出工程を含むことを特徴とする亜鉛高含有酵母抽出物の製造方法。
- カルボン酸及びカルボン酸塩の総量が、酵母中の亜鉛1モルに対して0.2モル以上である請求項1に記載の亜鉛高含有酵母抽出物の製造方法。
- カルボン酸が、2価以上のカルボン酸であり、カルボン酸塩が、2価以上のカルボン酸塩である請求項1から2のいずれかに記載の亜鉛高含有酵母抽出物の製造方法。
- カルボン酸が、3価のカルボン酸であり、カルボン酸塩が、3価のカルボン酸塩である請求項1から3のいずれかに記載の亜鉛高含有酵母抽出物の製造方法。
- 抽出工程の前に、酵母を60℃~120℃の熱水に懸濁させ、得られた懸濁液の固体成分と液体成分とを分離する熱水処理工程を含む請求項1から4のいずれかに記載の亜鉛高含有酵母抽出物の製造方法。
- 熱水処理工程において、熱水にリン酸塩を添加する請求項5に記載の亜鉛高含有酵母抽出物の製造方法。
- 酵母菌体由来の亜鉛を0.4質量%以上含有する亜鉛高含有酵母抽出物であって、亜鉛高含有酵母抽出物1gを水100mLに溶解乃至分散させたときの濁度が、波長660nmの吸光度(O.D.660)として、0.10以下であることを特徴とする亜鉛高含有酵母抽出物。
- 請求項1から6のいずれかに記載の製造方法により製造された請求項7に記載の亜鉛高含有酵母抽出物。
- 請求項7から8のいずれかに記載の亜鉛高含有酵母抽出物を含むことを特徴とする食品。
- 請求項7から8のいずれかに記載の亜鉛高含有酵母抽出物を含むことを特徴とする野菜の緑色保持復元剤。
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JP2013537479A JP6088975B2 (ja) | 2011-10-04 | 2012-09-27 | 亜鉛高含有酵母抽出物の製造方法、並びに、食品の製造方法及び野菜の緑色保持復元剤の製造方法 |
CN201280049120.XA CN103929978B (zh) | 2011-10-04 | 2012-09-27 | 富锌酵母提取物的制造方法和富锌酵母提取物、以及食品和蔬菜的绿色保持复原剂 |
AU2012319660A AU2012319660B2 (en) | 2011-10-04 | 2012-09-27 | Method for producing zinc-rich yeast extract, zinc-rich yeast extract, and green-retaining/-restoring agent for food and vegetables |
CA2850911A CA2850911C (en) | 2011-10-04 | 2012-09-27 | Method for producing zinc-rich yeast extract, zinc-rich yeast extract, and green-retaining/-restoring agent for food and vegetables |
EP12838349.4A EP2764780B1 (en) | 2011-10-04 | 2012-09-27 | Method for producing zinc-rich yeast extract, zinc-rich yeast extract, and green-retaining/-restoring agent for food and vegetables |
US14/243,609 US9185926B2 (en) | 2011-10-04 | 2014-04-02 | High-zinc yeast extract, method of producing same and agents and foods containing same |
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WO2014007000A1 (ja) * | 2012-07-03 | 2014-01-09 | オリエンタル酵母工業株式会社 | マンガン高含有酵母抽出物及びその製造方法、並びに、マンガン高含有酵母抽出物の利用 |
JP2014011979A (ja) * | 2012-07-04 | 2014-01-23 | Sato Unso:Kk | 容器詰め緑色食品の保存方法 |
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CN106255419A (zh) * | 2014-05-08 | 2016-12-21 | 兴人生命科学株式会社 | 抑制在食品和饮料中产生凝聚/沉淀的酵母提取物 |
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WO2021020249A1 (ja) * | 2019-07-26 | 2021-02-04 | 日清フーズ株式会社 | 野菜含有食品の製造方法 |
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JP2014011979A (ja) * | 2012-07-04 | 2014-01-23 | Sato Unso:Kk | 容器詰め緑色食品の保存方法 |
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JP2022042300A (ja) * | 2020-09-02 | 2022-03-14 | Tk製薬株式会社 | エキスの抽出方法 |
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AU2012319660B2 (en) | 2015-05-07 |
TWI572712B (zh) | 2017-03-01 |
CA2850911A1 (en) | 2013-04-11 |
US9185926B2 (en) | 2015-11-17 |
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AU2012319660A1 (en) | 2014-04-24 |
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US20140212571A1 (en) | 2014-07-31 |
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EP2764780B1 (en) | 2018-01-24 |
EP2764780A1 (en) | 2014-08-13 |
JP6088975B2 (ja) | 2017-03-01 |
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