WO2013047025A1 - シールド掘進機の掘削ビット交換装置 - Google Patents
シールド掘進機の掘削ビット交換装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2013047025A1 WO2013047025A1 PCT/JP2012/071251 JP2012071251W WO2013047025A1 WO 2013047025 A1 WO2013047025 A1 WO 2013047025A1 JP 2012071251 W JP2012071251 W JP 2012071251W WO 2013047025 A1 WO2013047025 A1 WO 2013047025A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- bit
- excavation
- valve body
- valve
- opening
- Prior art date
Links
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 title abstract 5
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims description 85
- 230000004308 accommodation Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003566 sealing material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012217 deletion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000037430 deletion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/06—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/10—Making by using boring or cutting machines
- E21D9/11—Making by using boring or cutting machines with a rotary drilling-head cutting simultaneously the whole cross-section, i.e. full-face machines
- E21D9/112—Making by using boring or cutting machines with a rotary drilling-head cutting simultaneously the whole cross-section, i.e. full-face machines by means of one single rotary head or of concentric rotary heads
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/06—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining
- E21D9/08—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining with additional boring or cutting means other than the conventional cutting edge of the shield
- E21D9/087—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining with additional boring or cutting means other than the conventional cutting edge of the shield with a rotary drilling-head cutting simultaneously the whole cross-section, i.e. full-face machines
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/06—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining
- E21D9/08—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining with additional boring or cutting means other than the conventional cutting edge of the shield
- E21D9/0875—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining with additional boring or cutting means other than the conventional cutting edge of the shield with a movable support arm carrying cutting tools for attacking the front face, e.g. a bucket
- E21D9/0879—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining with additional boring or cutting means other than the conventional cutting edge of the shield with a movable support arm carrying cutting tools for attacking the front face, e.g. a bucket the shield being provided with devices for lining the tunnel, e.g. shuttering
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/10—Making by using boring or cutting machines
- E21D9/1006—Making by using boring or cutting machines with rotary cutting tools
- E21D9/104—Cutting tool fixtures
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an excavation bit exchanging device for a shield machine that exchanges a worn roller bit from a work space in a cutter head during excavation.
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 disclose excavation bit exchange devices in which a rotating body in which a support hole into which a roller bit is slidably fitted is formed on the back surface of a front plate having an opening.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an excavation bit exchanging device for a shield machine capable of solving the above-mentioned problems and having a simple structure and exchanging operation and supporting a large excavation reaction force.
- the invention according to claim 1 is an excavation bit exchanging device for a shield machine that exchanges an excavation bit arranged in front of a cutter head from a work space formed in the cutter head during excavation.
- a housing that is attached to the front surface of the cutter head and has an excavation opening that exposes the excavation bit;
- a valve body disposed in a valve housing chamber formed in the housing and communicated with the excavation opening so as to be rotatable around a rotation axis inclined at a predetermined angle with respect to an axis perpendicular to the front surface of the cutter head.
- a bit accommodation hole that is formed in the valve body so as to be able to communicate with the excavation opening, and accommodates the excavation bit in a removable manner;
- An exchange seal portion provided at a front surface of the valve storage chamber and spaced apart from the excavation opening at a rotation position of the excavation opening about the rotation axis;
- the valve body is formed in a substantially cylindrical shape, and is formed on the valve body along the outer periphery of the front edge so as to close the excavation opening, and is formed on a part of the seal body.
- An opening portion of the bit accommodation hole, and a drilling recess portion that is formed by removing the seal body portion around the opening portion of the bit accommodation hole and accommodates a drilling end of the drilling bit, Provide a replacement sealing material that seals the gap between the housing and the valve body around the replacement seal portion;
- the valve body is rotated about the rotation axis to move the excavation bit in the excavation recess to the exchange seal portion, and the excavation bit is extracted from the bit accommodation hole and replaced.
- the replacement sealing material is a tube-shaped sealing material capable of adjusting a sliding contact pressure by changing a fluid pressure supplied to the hollow portion. It is.
- the excavation bit is a roller bit that rotatably supports a disk cutter on a bit support.
- a drainage passage is formed penetrating from the periphery of the disc cutter along the exit and withdrawal direction of the bit accommodation hole, Connecting a straight drainage pipe communicating with the outer surface of the cutter head from the drainage passage of the bit support through the work space;
- a short pipe that can be connected and separated is provided in the waste mud pipe, and a shut-off valve is provided in each of the inlet side and outlet side pipes of the short pipe.
- a valve body in which a bit housing hole is formed in a part of a seal body portion along a substantially cylindrical front edge portion in the valve housing chamber of the housing via the excavation recess. Since it is arranged so as to be able to rotate around a rotation axis that is inclined with respect to an axis perpendicular to the front surface of the head, when the bit is replaced, it is only necessary to rotate the valve body around the rotation axis so that the excavation end is located in the excavation recess.
- the excavation bit from which is protruded can be displaced to the replacement seal portion surrounded by the replacement seal material, and at the same time, the excavation opening can be closed by the seal body portion.
- the wear drill bit is extracted from the replacement seal portion surrounded by the replacement seal material along the bit receiving hole, the new drill bit is loaded into the bit receiving hole, the valve body is rotated, and the new drill bit is rotated.
- the excavation bit can be exchanged easily and in a short time simply by corresponding to the excavation opening.
- the housing has a simple structure in which the valve body with the rotation axis inclined is arranged, the reliability is high. Furthermore, by forming the valve body in a substantially cylindrical shape, it is possible to reliably support a sufficiently large excavation reaction force as compared with a spherical surface.
- the replacement seal material is a tube seal capable of adjusting the sliding contact pressure
- the excavation bit and the excavation recess pass by reducing the pressure of the replacement seal material when replacing the bit. It is possible to prevent the replacement sealing material from being damaged by earth and sand or crushed stone accompanying it, and to improve the sealing performance.
- the mud mixed with stones excavated by the roller bit is closed by connecting the mud pipe extending linearly from the mud passage formed in the bit support. It is possible to discharge smoothly without digging and excavating effectively.
- the shut-off valves are provided before and after the short pipe, when exchanging the bit, the mud drain pipe can be removed without flowing muddy water into the work space, and the wear roller bit can be easily exchanged.
- FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a bit exchange unit according to a first embodiment of a bit exchange unit of a shield machine according to the present invention. It is a front view which shows the excavation opening part of a cutter head. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the principal part expansion valve body of a bit exchange unit. It is a front view of a valve body. It is a perspective view which shows a roller bit and a bit support body. It is a longitudinal section explaining exchange operation in a bit exchange unit. It is the elements on larger scale of FIG.
- FIG. 7 is a front view of FIG. 6. It is a longitudinal section explaining exchange operation in a bit exchange unit. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the shield machine equipped with the bit exchange unit. It is a front view which shows the cutter head of the shield machine equipped with the bit exchange unit.
- Example 1 Embodiments of a shield machine equipped with a drill bit exchanging device according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
- a pressure partition 12 is provided at the front portion of the cylindrical shield body 11.
- a pressure chamber 28 ⁇ / b> A that holds the face collapsed earth pressure is formed in the front portion of the pressure partition 12.
- a swirl ring body 14 is supported on the pressure bulkhead 12 via a swivel bearing 13 so as to be rotatable around the shield axis O, and a plurality of support legs 15 protruding forward from the swirl ring body 14 are circular.
- a cutter head 16 is supported.
- a cutter driving device 17 that rotationally drives the cutter head 16 is provided in the air chamber 28 ⁇ / b> B behind the pressure partition 12.
- the cutter drive device 17 includes a ring gear 17a provided on the back surface of the swivel ring body 14, a plurality of drive pinions 17b meshing with the ring gear 17a, and a rotary drive device (hydraulic or electric) that rotates the drive pinion 17b. Motor) 17c.
- the pressure bulkhead 12 is provided with a soil discharge screw conveyor 18 for discharging the earth and sand excavated by the cutter head 16 from the pressure chamber 28A to the atmosphere chamber 28B while maintaining the face collapsed earth pressure in the pressure chamber 28A. Has been.
- the cutter head 16 includes a plurality of main spokes 21 extending radially from the central member 20 disposed on the shield axis O and a plurality of sub-spokes extending radially between the main spokes 21. 22, and an intermediate ring 23 and an outer ring 24 that are arranged in a circular arc direction centering on the shield axis O and connect the main spoke 21 and the sub spoke 22.
- earth and sand intake 25 is formed between members 21-24.
- a plurality of bit exchange units (excavation bit exchange devices) 30 are disposed in front of the main spoke 21.
- Each bit exchange unit 30 is provided with a roller bit 31 which is a excavation bit for exchange.
- a plurality of fixed bits 26 are provided on the front surface and side surfaces of the central member 20 and the auxiliary spokes 22 and on the side surfaces of the main spokes 21, respectively.
- a manhole 27 is provided on the back side of the central member 20 so that workers can enter and exit.
- the manhole 27 passes through the pressure partition 12 and communicates with the atmosphere chamber 28B so as to enter and exit.
- a work space 29 in which workers can enter and exchange bits is formed on the back side of each main spoke 21, and communicates from the manhole 27 to the work space 29 so that the workers can go back and forth. Therefore, during excavation, a roller bit 31 worn from the work space 29 can be replaced by a worker who enters the work space 29 from the manhole 27.
- Bit exchange units 30 are arranged on the front surface of the main spoke 21 at a predetermined pitch along the radial direction. Roller bits 31 are arranged in these bit exchange units 30. These bit exchange units 30 have the same structure.
- the roller bit 31 has a bit support 42 having a long cylindrical cross section in which a mud discharge passage 41 is formed in the front-rear direction.
- a two-blade disc cutter 44 is rotatably supported at the front portion of the bit support 42 via a support shaft 43 in the minor axis direction.
- the housing 33 of the bit exchange unit 30 is attached to the cut portion of the front plate 32 of the main spoke 21. These housings 33 have excavation openings 34 through which the roller bits 31 are exposed.
- the housing 33 is formed with a valve housing chamber 36.
- the valve storage chamber 36 is in communication with the excavation opening 34.
- the valve housing chamber 36 accommodates the valve body 35 that holds the roller bit 31 in an inclined posture and is rotatable.
- the valve body 35 is formed in a substantially cylindrical shape.
- a seal body portion 37 capable of closing the excavation opening 34 is formed along the circumferential direction on the outer periphery of the front edge of the valve body 35.
- the seal body portion 37 is formed, for example, in a trapezoidal cross section in which an edge portion is chamfered with an inclined surface inclined by a predetermined angle (for example, ⁇ ° described later) with respect to a rotation axis Ob that is a cylindrical axis. .
- a part of the seal body portion 37 is excised to form an excavation recess 38.
- a bit accommodation hole 39 for accommodating the roller bit 31 in an extractable manner is opened. As shown in FIG.
- the bottom surface of the excavation recess 38 is formed in a deletion plane 38 a in which the periphery of the opening of the bit accommodation hole 39 is inclined at a predetermined angle ( ⁇ ° described later) with respect to the rotation axis Ob.
- An excavation space 38 b in which the excavation end of the disc cutter 44 protrudes is formed between the deletion plane 38 a and the rotation trajectory of the top of the seal body portion 37.
- valve housing chamber 36 is formed in a substantially cylindrical shape capable of rotatably housing the valve body 35.
- the valve housing chamber 36 is inclined at an angle ⁇ ° so that the axis (the rotation axis Ob of the valve body 35) of the valve opening chamber 36 is substantially flush with the front surface of the housing 33 at the excavation opening 34. Is formed.
- the rear surface of the housing 33 is deleted by an inclined plane perpendicular to the rotation axis Ob.
- the valve accommodating chamber 36 is opened facing the work space 29 on this inclined plane.
- the front surface portion of the valve housing chamber 36 is formed in a truncated cone shape that guides the seal body portion 37.
- the lower part of the valve accommodating chamber 36 communicates with an excavation opening 34 formed in an oval shape similar to the bit support 42 and extending along the tangential direction of the rotation axis Ob.
- an exchange seal 40 corresponding to the excavation recess 38 is formed at the 180 ° symmetrical position of the rotational axis Ob of the excavation opening 34 when exchanging the bit.
- the replacement seal portion 40 is provided with a second seal material 62 described later.
- the replacement seal portion 40 is not limited to the 180 ° symmetrical position, and may be a position on the same axis as the excavation opening 34 around the rotation axis Ob and not overlapping the excavation opening 34. .
- valve rotation device 51 that rotates the valve body 35 around the rotation axis Ob is provided at the rear of the valve storage chamber 36.
- the valve rotation device 51 includes a ring gear 52 provided on the outer periphery of the rear end portion of the valve body 35, and a drive shaft 53 that is rotatably supported around an axis parallel to the rotation axis Ob at the rear portion of the housing 33.
- the drive pinion 54 is fixed to the drive shaft 53 and meshed with the ring gear 52, and the manual handle 55 rotates the drive shaft 53.
- a sludge pipe 45 communicating with the pressure chamber 28 ⁇ / b> A on the back surface of the main spoke 21 is connected to the sludge passage 41 of the roller bit 31.
- the mud discharge pipe 45 includes a first gate valve (shutoff valve) 46A connected to the bit support 42 via a taper pipe, and a second gate valve (a shut-off valve 47) connected to the first gate valve 46A via a short pipe 47 ( Shutoff valve) 46B and a discharge pipe 48 penetrating the back plate.
- the discharge pipe 48 passes through the work space 29 in a straight line from the mud passage 41 along the axis Oa and is opened to the pressure chamber 28A.
- a first seal member 61 is provided on the inner peripheral surface of the excavation opening 34 of the housing 33 to prevent intrusion of muddy water or earth and sand from the gap with the valve body 35.
- the first sealing material 61 seals the periphery of the excavation recess 38 during excavation.
- the replacement seal portion 40 is provided with a second seal material (replacement seal material) 62 that seals the periphery of the excavation recess 38 that has pivoted to the replacement seal portion 40 on the inner surface of the valve housing chamber 36.
- the second sealing material 62 is configured by a hollow tubular sealing material to which a pressure adjusting hole 63 formed in the housing 33 is connected.
- the second sealing material 62 can be expanded and contracted by hydraulic pressure or pressurized air, which is a pressurized fluid that is supplied to and discharged from the pressure adjusting hole 63 to the hollow portion, and the sliding contact pressure with respect to the valve body 35 can be adjusted.
- hydraulic pressure or pressurized air which is a pressurized fluid that is supplied to and discharged from the pressure adjusting hole 63 to the hollow portion, and the sliding contact pressure with respect to the valve body 35 can be adjusted.
- the first sealing material 61 may be a tubular sealing material that can be pressurized and depressurized.
- a third seal member 64 that is in sliding contact with the inner peripheral surface of the valve housing chamber 36 is provided on the outer peripheral portion of the valve body 35. Further, a fourth seal member 65 that is in sliding contact with the inner peripheral surface of the bit accommodation hole 39 is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the bit support 42.
- the cutter head 16 When the disc cutter 44 of the roller bit 31 is worn by excavating the tunnel for a predetermined distance, the cutter head 16 is stopped in a posture in which the main spoke 21 having the bit replacement unit 30 to be replaced becomes substantially horizontal. Then, an operator enters the work space 29 from the manhole 27 and performs bit replacement work.
- a new roller bit 31 is loaded into the bit accommodation hole 39 using a drawing jig.
- valve rotating device 51 After depressurizing the second seal member 62, the valve rotating device 51 is operated to rotate the valve body 35 about the rotation axis Ob by 180 °, and the new roller bit 31 in the replacement seal portion 40 is rotated. And correspond to the excavation opening 34. Further, a short pipe 47 is connected between the first gate valve 46A and the second gate valve 46B. And the 1st, 2nd gate valve 46A, 46B is opened, and the sludge piping 45 is connected.
- the valve body 35 in which the bit accommodation hole 39 is opened via the excavation recess 38 is provided in a part of the seal body portion 37 formed around the cylindrical front edge portion. 35 is accommodated in a valve accommodating chamber 36 of a housing 33 provided on the front surface of the cutter head so as to be rotatable around a rotational axis Ob inclined with respect to an axis Oa perpendicular to the front surface of the cutter head 16.
- the excavation recess 38 accommodating the wear roller bit 31 is displaced to the replacement seal portion 40 surrounded by the second seal material 62 by simply rotating the valve body 35 around the rotation axis Ob.
- the excavation opening 34 can be closed by the seal body portion 37, and the wear roller bit 31 of the replacement seal portion 40 is pulled out from the bit receiving hole 39 and loaded with a new roller bit 31.
- the blanking member 35 simply by corresponding new roller bit 31 rotates in the drilling opening 34, easily and can be a short time to replace the worn roller bit 31 to a new roller bit 31.
- valve body 35 is accommodated in the housing 33, the reliability is high. Further, by forming the valve body 35 in a cylindrical shape, a sufficiently large excavation reaction force compared to the sphere can be reliably supported via the valve body 35 and the housing 33.
- the second seal material 62 is a tube seal capable of adjusting the sliding contact pressure, when the roller bit 31 and the excavation recess 38 that enter and exit the replacement seal portion 40 during replacement pass, By reducing the pressure, it is possible to prevent the second sealing material 62 from being damaged by the accompanying earth or sand or crushed stone, and to improve the sealing performance.
- the pressure chamber 28 ⁇ / b> A can be smoothly filled without clogging muddy water mixed with stones excavated by the roller bit 31. Can be excavated and drilled effectively.
- the first and second gate valves 46A and 46B are provided before and after the short pipe 47 to be removed at the time of bit replacement in the mud discharge pipe 45, the first and second gate valves 46A and 46B are installed at the time of bit replacement. By closing and removing the short pipe 47, the mud drain pipe 45 can be removed without the muddy water flowing into the working space 29, and the wear roller bit 31 can be easily replaced in a short time.
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、上記問題点を解決して、構造および交換動作が簡単で、大きい掘削反力を支持することができるシールド掘進機の掘削ビット交換装置を提供することを目的とする。
前記カッタヘッドの前面に取り付けられて前記掘削ビットが露出される掘削開口部が形成されたハウジングと、
当該ハウジングに形成されて前記掘削開口部が連通されたバルブ収容室に、前記カッタヘッドの前面に垂直な軸に対して所定角度傾斜する回動軸心周りに回動可能に配置されたバルブ体と、
当該バルブ体に前記掘削開口部に連通可能に形成されて前記掘削ビットを挿脱可能に収容するビット収容穴と、
前記バルブ収容室の前面で、前記回動軸心を中心とする前記掘削開口部の回動位置で当該掘削開口部から離間して設けられた交換シール部と、を具備し、
前記バルブ体を略円柱形に形成するとともに、前記バルブ体に、前縁外周部に沿って形成されて前記掘削開口部を閉鎖可能なシール体部と、当該シール体部の一部に形成された前記ビット収容穴の開口部と、当該ビット収容穴の開口部の周囲に前記シール体部を削除して形成され前記掘削ビットの掘削端を収容する掘削凹部と、を設け、
前記交換シール部の周囲で前記ハウジングと前記バルブ体の隙間をシールする交換用シール材を設け、
前記掘削ビットの交換時に、前記バルブ体を前記回動軸心周りに回動させて前記掘削凹部の前記掘削ビットを前記交換シール部に移動させ、前記ビット収容穴から前記掘削ビットを抜き出して交換するものである。
前記ビット支持体に、前記ディスクカッタの周囲から前記ビット収容穴の出退方向に沿う排泥通路を貫通形成し、
前記ビット支持体の前記排泥通路から前記作業空間を介して前記カッタヘッドの外面に連通する直線状の排泥配管を接続し、
当該排泥配管に接続分離可能な短管を設けるとともに、当該短管の入り口側および出口側の配管に遮断バルブをそれぞれ設けたものである。
以下、本発明に係る掘削ビット交換装置を具備したシールド掘進機の実施例を図面に基づいて説明する。
図10に示すように、円筒形のシールド本体11の前部には、圧力隔壁12が設けられる。この圧力隔壁12の前部には、切羽崩壊土圧を保持する圧力室28Aが形成されている。前記圧力隔壁12には、旋回軸受13を介して旋回リング体14がシールド軸心O周りに回転自在に支持され、この旋回リング体14から前方に突出された複数の支持脚15に、円形のカッタヘッド16が支持されている。圧力隔壁12後方の大気室28Bには、カッタヘッド16を回転駆動するカッタ駆動装置17が設けられている。このカッタ駆動装置17は、旋回リング体14の背面に設けられたリングギヤ17aと、リングギヤ17aに噛み合う複数の駆動ピニオン17bと、前記駆動ピニオン17bをそれぞれ回転駆動する回転駆動装置(油圧式または電動式モータ)17cとで構成されている。さらに、圧力隔壁12には、カッタヘッド16により掘削された土砂を、圧力室28Aで切羽崩壊土圧を保持しつつこの圧力室28Aから大気室28Bに排出する排土用スクリュコンベヤ18が貫設されている。
カッタヘッド16は、図11に示すように、シールド軸心O上に配置された中心部材20から半径方向に延びる複数の主スポーク21と、主スポーク21の間で半径方向に延びる複数の副スポーク22と、シールド軸心Oを中心とする円弧方向に配設されて主スポーク21および副スポーク22を連結する中間リング23および外周リング24とを具備する。そして部材21~24間に、土砂取り入れ口25が形成されている。
主スポーク21の前面には、半径方向に沿ってビット交換ユニット30が所定ピッチで配設されている。これらビット交換ユニット30に、ローラビット31が配置されている。これらビット交換ユニット30は、それぞれ同一構造である。
バルブ収容室36の後部には、バルブ体35を回動軸心Ob周りに回転駆動するバルブ回動装置51が設けられている。バルブ回動装置51は、バルブ体35の後端部外周に設けられたリングギヤ52と、ハウジング33の後部で回動軸心Obと平行な軸心周りに回転自在に支持された駆動軸53と、駆動軸53に固定されてリングギヤ52に噛合される駆動ピニオン54と、駆動軸53を回転駆動する手動ハンドル55とで構成されている。
ローラビット31の排泥通路41には、主スポーク21の背面で圧力室28Aに連通する排泥配管45が接続されている。排泥配管45は、ビット支持体42にテーパ管を介して接続された第1ゲートバルブ(遮断弁)46Aと、第1ゲートバルブ46Aに短管47を介して接続された第2ゲートバルブ(遮断弁)46Bと、背面板に貫設された排出管48を具備している。排出管48は、排泥通路41から軸心Oaに沿う直線状に作業空間29を貫通して圧力室28Aに開口されている。このように排泥配管45を構成することで、削石交じりの泥水を、閉塞させることなくスムーズに排出することができる。
ハウジング33の掘削開口部34の内周面には、バルブ体35との隙間から泥水あるいは土砂などの浸入を防止する第1シール材61が設けられている。第1シール材61は、掘削時に掘削凹部38の周囲をシールする。また、交換シール部40には、バルブ収容室36の内面に、交換シール部40まで旋回移動した掘削凹部38の周囲をシールする第2シール材(交換用シール材)62が設けられている。第2シール材62は、ハウジング33に形成された調圧孔63が接続された中空状のチューブ状シール材により構成される。この第2シール材62は、調圧孔63から中空部に給排出される加圧流体である油圧または加圧エアにより拡縮されてバルブ体35に対する摺接圧を調整することができる。これにより、ビット交換時にバルブ体35が回動される時に、第2シール材62を減圧して収縮させておくことで、掘削凹部38のエッジおよびディスクカッタ44の掘削端部が通過するときの損傷を未然に防止することができる。もちろん、第1シール材61を、加圧、減圧可能なチューブ状シール材としてもよい。
上記ビット交換ユニット30における掘削ビット交換方法を、図1、図6~図9を参照して説明する。
Claims (3)
- カッタヘッド前面に配置された掘削ビットを、掘削途中で当該カッタヘッド内に形成した作業空間から交換するシールド掘進機の掘削ビット交換装置であって、
前記カッタヘッドの前面に取り付けられて前記掘削ビットが露出される掘削開口部が形成されたハウジングと、
当該ハウジングに形成されて前記掘削開口部が連通されたバルブ収容室に、前記カッタヘッドの前面に垂直な軸に対して所定角度傾斜する回動軸心周りに回動可能に配置されたバルブ体と、
当該バルブ体に前記掘削開口部に連通可能に形成されて前記掘削ビットを挿脱可能に収容するビット収容穴と、
前記バルブ収容室の前面で、前記回動軸心を中心とする前記掘削開口部の回動位置で当該掘削開口部から離間して設けられた交換シール部と、を具備し、
前記バルブ体を略円柱形に形成するとともに、前記バルブ体に、前縁外周部に沿って形成されて前記掘削開口部を閉鎖可能なシール体部と、当該シール体部の一部に形成された前記ビット収容穴の開口部と、当該ビット収容穴の開口部の周囲に前記シール体部を削除して形成され前記掘削ビットの掘削端を収容する掘削凹部と、を設け、
前記交換シール部の周囲で前記ハウジングと前記バルブ体の隙間をシールする交換用シール材を設け、
前記掘削ビットの交換時に、前記バルブ体を前記回動軸心周りに回動させて前記掘削凹部の前記掘削ビットを前記交換シール部に移動させ、前記ビット収容穴から前記掘削ビットを抜き出して交換する
ことを特徴とするシールド掘進機の掘削ビット交換装置。 - 前記交換用シール材を、その中空部に供給された流体圧力を変化させて摺接圧を調整可能なチューブ状シール材とした
ことを特徴とする請求項1記載のシールド掘進機の掘削ビット交換装置。 - 前記掘削ビットを、ビット支持体にディスクカッタを回転自在に支持したローラビットとし、
前記ビット支持体に、前記ディスクカッタの周囲から前記ビット収容穴の出退方向に沿う排泥通路を貫通形成し、
前記ビット支持体の前記排泥通路から前記作業空間を介して前記カッタヘッドの外面に連通する直線状の排泥配管を接続し、
当該排泥配管に接続分離可能な短管を設けるとともに、当該短管の入り口側および出口側の配管に遮断バルブをそれぞれ設けた
ことを特徴とする請求項1または2記載のシールド掘進機の掘削ビット交換装置。
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US14/347,007 US9222356B2 (en) | 2011-09-27 | 2012-08-23 | Drill bit exchange device for shield tunneling machine |
KR1020147007342A KR101547185B1 (ko) | 2011-09-27 | 2012-08-23 | 실드 굴진기의 굴삭비트 교환장치 |
CN201280045339.2A CN103814190B (zh) | 2011-09-27 | 2012-08-23 | 盾构掘进机的挖掘钻头更换装置 |
SG11201400747SA SG11201400747SA (en) | 2011-09-27 | 2012-08-23 | Drill bit exchange device for shield tunneling machine |
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CN105855849B (zh) * | 2016-04-14 | 2017-12-01 | 东北大学 | 一种盾构机单滚刀换刀机械手 |
CN106499401B (zh) * | 2016-12-19 | 2019-04-05 | 中交隧道工程局有限公司 | 一种超大直径盾构机常压换刀装置及方法 |
CN106593461B (zh) * | 2017-02-14 | 2018-06-26 | 东北大学 | 一种盾构机盘形滚刀的刀箱机构及其使用方法 |
CN107747489A (zh) * | 2017-11-16 | 2018-03-02 | 河北工业大学 | 用于盾构机工作滚刀与备用滚刀的自动切换装置 |
CN107829752A (zh) * | 2017-12-12 | 2018-03-23 | 天津大学 | 用于盾构机复合刀盘的适应性换刀装置 |
CN108194093B (zh) * | 2018-02-11 | 2020-04-24 | 湖北鸣利来冶金机械股份有限公司 | 一种多刀头三牙轮钻头顶管机刀盘 |
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