WO2013024876A1 - ばね鋼およびばね - Google Patents
ばね鋼およびばね Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013024876A1 WO2013024876A1 PCT/JP2012/070767 JP2012070767W WO2013024876A1 WO 2013024876 A1 WO2013024876 A1 WO 2013024876A1 JP 2012070767 W JP2012070767 W JP 2012070767W WO 2013024876 A1 WO2013024876 A1 WO 2013024876A1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F1/00—Springs
- F16F1/02—Springs made of steel or other material having low internal friction; Wound, torsion, leaf, cup, ring or the like springs, the material of the spring not being relevant
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/06—Surface hardening
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/008—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Si
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/06—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires
- C21D8/065—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires of ferrous alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/02—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for springs
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/26—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with niobium or tantalum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/28—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with titanium or zirconium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/34—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/38—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
Definitions
- the present invention relates to spring steel used for valve springs, clutch springs and suspension springs used in automobiles, and particularly suppresses softening due to heat treatment such as quenching and tempering after wire drawing and coiling or nitriding, Furthermore, the present invention relates to a high-strength spring steel and a spring that suppress the generation of hard inclusions of SiO 2 and the occurrence of decarburization that lower the fatigue characteristics of the spring.
- springs With the reduction in weight and performance of automobiles, springs have also been strengthened, and high-strength steel having a tensile strength exceeding 1600 MPa after heat treatment is used for the springs. In recent years, steel having a tensile strength exceeding 1900 MPa has also been used.
- the steel is heated to the austenite region and coiled, and then hot coiling in which quenching and tempering is performed, and high-strength steel wire that has been previously quenched and tempered are cooled. There is cold coiling to coil.
- the basic strength of the spring is determined by quenching and tempering. Therefore, for spring steel, component design considering the characteristics after quenching and tempering is important.
- Patent Documents 1 to 3 in order to increase the strength, a large amount of C is basically added, and alloy elements such as V and Mo are added to improve hardenability and temper softening resistance. It has been broken.
- the fatigue strength can be increased even if the temper softening resistance is increased to increase the strength. Does not improve.
- Patent Document 5 by controlling the slag composition of the molten steel within an appropriate range, the ductility of inclusions causing a decrease in fatigue strength is increased, and fatigue strength is reduced by refining the inclusions by hot rolling. Has improved.
- Patent Document 6 the heating conditions before hot rolling and the cooling conditions after rolling are appropriately controlled, and the generation of the decarburized layer is suppressed by removing the surface scale before hot rolling.
- springs used in automobiles have been required to have higher strength, but the current situation is that conventional high-strength steel for springs cannot cope.
- Patent Document 7 describes a hot-rolled wire rod that can be used as a material for a wire drawing product such as spring steel, has excellent wire drawing workability, and can suppress disconnection even in heavy wire drawing from a large diameter. Is described. Patent Document 8 describes a steel wire for a cold formed spring that is excellent in cold cutability and fatigue characteristics.
- JP 57-32353 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 1-83644 JP-A-2-57637 JP 2004-315968 A JP 61-136612 A JP 2003-268383 A JP 2007-231347 A JP 2007-169688 A
- the present invention increases the strength of the spring core by making maximum use of the temper softening resistance effect of the alloy element while suppressing the generation of hard inclusions of SiO 2 and the occurrence of decarburization that degrade the fatigue characteristics of the spring. Accordingly, it is an object to provide a high-strength spring steel that finally becomes a high-strength spring.
- the present inventors have studied the component composition with excellent resistance to temper softening while suppressing the generation of SiO 2 inclusions and the occurrence of decarburization generated in the spring manufacturing process, and created the optimum component composition of high-strength spring steel.
- the following findings (A) to (E) were made.
- the hardness after tempering or nitriding treatment is important as a characteristic of high strength spring steel.
- the nitriding treatment is an effective heat treatment for improving the hardness of the surface, but the core portion is tempered at a high temperature for a long time during the nitriding treatment, so that it is remarkably softened.
- the present inventors have derived the following index H, thereby tempering softening resistance in each element. I understood the effect amount.
- the fatigue properties of steel materials not added than steel materials added with V and Mo are higher. Are better.
- the tempering hardness is set to Vickers hardness of 550 or more, and for that purpose, the H value defined by the following formula (a) is set to 160 or more.
- the tempering hardness is set to Vickers hardness 605 or higher, and for that purpose, the H value defined by the following formula (c) is set to 173 or higher.
- H 33.6 [C] +10.0 [Si] +5.95 [Mn] +11.1 [Cr] +90.0 ...
- the present invention has been completed based on the above findings, and the gist of the invention is as follows.
- the steel material is further mass%, Nb: 0.001 to 0.200%,
- the steel material is further mass%, Ca: 0.0002 to 0.0100%, Mg: 0.0002 to 0.0100%, Zr: 0.0005 to 0.1000%,
- the spring according to any one of (5) to (7) above, which contains one or more of them.
- the present invention there is further provided a method for evaluating the fatigue strength of a spring using the above H value and C value.
- the gist of the spring fatigue strength evaluation method is as follows.
- a method for evaluating the fatigue strength of a spring in mass%, C: 0.50 to 0.70%, Si: 1.00 to 5.00%, Mn: 0.30 to 2.00% P: 0.0002 to 0.0500%, S: 0.0002 to 0.0500%, Cr: 0.10 to 3.50%, Al: 0.0005 to 0.0500%, N: 0.0020 to 0.0100%, H, which is defined by the following formula (a), and the spring manufactured by performing heat treatment such as quenching and tempering treatment and nitriding treatment after drawing the steel material containing the balance Fe and inevitable impurities, A fatigue strength evaluation method for a spring, characterized in that the fatigue strength is evaluated with a C value defined by equation (b).
- the steel material is further mass%, Nb: 0.001 to 0.200%,
- the steel material is further in mass%, Ca: 0.0002 to 0.0100%, Mg: 0.0002 to 0.0100%, Zr: 0.0005 to 0.1000%,
- the spring fatigue strength evaluation method according to any one of the above (a) to (c), wherein one or more of them are contained.
- a method of manufacturing a high-strength spring that satisfies the above-mentioned regulations based on the H value and the C value.
- the gist of the high-strength spring manufacturing method is as follows.
- the steel material is further in mass%, Mo: 0.01 to 1.00%, V: 0.01-0.20%, 1 or more types of these are contained,
- the high strength spring manufacturing method as described in said (e) characterized by the above-mentioned.
- the H value defined in the following formula (c) is 173 or more instead of the above formula (a).
- H 33.6 [C] +10.0 [Si] +5.95 [Mn] +11.1 [Cr] +21.9 [Mo] +34.0 [V] +90.0
- [C], [Si], [Mn], [Cr], [Mo], and [V] are the contents (mass%) of each element in the steel.
- the steel material is further in mass%, Nb: 0.001 to 0.200%,
- the steel material is further in mass%, Ca: 0.0002 to 0.0100%, Mg: 0.0002 to 0.0100%, Zr: 0.0005 to 0.1000%,
- the steel of the present invention can produce a high-strength spring by reducing elements that lower the spring strength and making maximum use of the temper softening resistance effect of the alloy element, and is extremely effective in industry.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the relationship between tempering hardness (HV) and fatigue strength (MPa).
- the hardness after tempering or nitriding is important.
- the nitriding treatment is an effective heat treatment for improving the surface hardness.
- the core is remarkably softened because it is tempered at a high temperature for a long time during the nitriding treatment.
- the inventors have introduced the following index H through experiments.
- the index H indicates the degree to which [C], [Si], [Mn], [Cr], [Mo] and [V] affect the tempering hardness of the steel core after nitriding treatment. It is an index that evaluates additively by weighting the degree of influence. Note that C, Si, Mn, Cr, Mo, and V are main elements for improving temper softening resistance.
- the subjects of the experiment were C content: 0.50 to 0.70% (mass%, the same applies hereinafter), Si content: 1.00 to 5.00%, Mn content: 0.20 to 2.00 %, P amount: 0.001 to 0.0500%, S amount: 0.001 to 0.0500%, Cr amount: 0.10 to 4.00%, Al amount: 0.001 to 0.010%, N amount: 0.0030 to 0.0060%, Mo amount: 0.01 to 1.00%, V amount: 0.01 to 0.30%, the balance consisting of Fe and inevitable impurities, and the above (b )
- Various steel materials satisfying the formula were used, and in the experiment, heat treatment was performed to reproduce the tempering hardness of the core after nitriding.
- test piece was heated to a temperature at which alloy carbides and Fe-based carbides can be solutionized, quenched in oil at 60 ° C., and then tempered at 450 ° C. for 120 min. Thereafter, the test piece was cut in a diametrical cross section and embedded in a resin, and after polishing the surface layer, Vickers hardness (HV) was measured. The results are shown in FIG.
- the fatigue test is a Nakamura-type rotating bending fatigue test, and after the heat treatment scale on the surface layer is removed, the maximum load stress at which 10 samples showed a life of 10 7 times or more with a probability of 50% or more is the fatigue strength. It was. The result is shown in FIG.
- the index H is defined as 160 or more, and when Mo and V are included, the index H is defined as 173 or more.
- the index H is preferably 163 or more, more preferably 165 or more when V is not contained, and is preferably 175 or more, more preferably 177 or more, when Mo or V is contained.
- Si is an element that greatly contributes to the temper softening resistance, and a large amount of Si is added to the spring steel material to increase the strength of the spring.
- SiO 2 that is a hard inclusion
- the objects of the experiment were C amount: 0.60% (mass%, the same applies hereinafter), Si amount: 2.0 to 4.0%, Mn amount: 0.40 to 1.40%, P amount : 0.005 to 0.050%, S amount: 0.001 to 0.050%, Cr amount: 2.5%, Al amount: 0.001 to 0.010%, N amount: 0.0030 to 0 .0050%, the balance is Fe and inevitable impurities, and various steel materials satisfying the above formula (a) are used.
- heat treatment reproducing the tempering hardness of the core after nitriding was performed. .
- the test piece was heated to a temperature at which alloy carbides and Fe-based carbides can be solutionized, quenched in oil at 60 ° C., and then tempered at 450 ° C. for 120 min.
- an area of 0.5 mm was scraped from the surface.
- a Nakamura rotary bending fatigue test was used to evaluate fatigue properties. The result is shown in FIG.
- the [Si] / [Mn] ratio is preferably 3.00 or less, and more preferably 2.80 or less.
- the steel according to the present invention has excellent characteristics as a high-strength spring steel, with the component composition defined by (a) or (c) and (b). Below, the reason for limitation of content of each element of this invention steel is demonstrated. % For ingredients means mass%.
- C 0.50 to 0.70% C is an important element that determines the strength of steel. In order to obtain sufficient strength, the lower limit is made 0.50%. Compared to other alloy elements, the alloy cost is low. If a large amount of C can be added, the alloy cost of the steel material can be reduced. However, when a large amount of C is added, the hot ductility is remarkably lowered, so the upper limit is made 0.70%. Preferably it is 0.67% or less, More preferably, it is 0.65% or less.
- Si 1.00 to 5.00%
- Si is an element necessary for ensuring the strength and hardness of the spring.
- the lower limit is made 1.00%.
- Si is an important element that greatly contributes to temper softening resistance, and the addition of Si leads to an increase in strength of the spring. Therefore, the lower limit of Si is preferably 2.50%, more preferably 2.70%, and most preferably 3.00%.
- the upper limit is made 5.00%.
- Mn 0.30 to 2.00% Mn is frequently used because it fixes S in steel as MnS and enhances hardenability to obtain a sufficient hardness after heat treatment. Furthermore, in the present invention, it is an important element that determines whether or not to generate SiO 2 , and deterioration of fatigue characteristics can be prevented by optimizing the amounts of Si and Mn in the steel even when high Si is added. In order to obtain these effects, the Mn content is set to 0.30% or more. On the other hand, if an amount of Mn exceeding 2.00% is added, the hardness of the substrate increases and becomes brittle, so the upper limit is made 2.00%.
- P 0.0002 to 0.0500% Since P is usually contained in steel in an amount of 0.0002% or more as an inevitable impurity, the lower limit is made 0.0002%. Even if P is added, P segregates at the grain boundaries of the prior austenite and remarkably embrittles, so the upper limit is made 0.0500%. Preferably, it is 0.0300% or less, More preferably, it is 0.0200% or less, More preferably, it is 0.0150% or less.
- S 0.0002 to 0.0500%
- S usually contains 0.0002% or more as an unavoidable impurity in steel, and when it exists in steel, it causes embrittlement of the steel.
- Mn since MnS also takes the form of inclusions, the fatigue characteristics are lowered.
- high strength steel may cause destruction from a small amount of MnS, and it is desirable to reduce S as much as possible, so the upper limit was made 0.0500%. Therefore, the S content is set to 0.0002 to 0.0500%.
- the upper limit is 0.0300%, more preferably 0.0200%, still more preferably 0.0150%.
- Cr 0.10 to 3.50% Cr is an important element that greatly contributes to temper softening resistance, and the addition of this leads to higher strength of the spring.
- the Cr addition amount is 0.10% or more.
- Cr dissolves and stabilizes in the Fe-based carbide, it is necessary to remarkably increase the heating temperature in order to obtain the effect of temper softening resistance.
- the Cr content exceeds 3.50%, it is remarkable. Decarburized, and on the contrary, fatigue strength decreases. Therefore, the upper limit of the Cr amount is 3.50%.
- Al 0.0005 to 0.0500% Since Al is usually contained in steel as an inevitable impurity by 0.0005% or more, the lower limit is made 0.0005%. Even if added, Al generates oxides such as Al 2 O 3 and becomes a starting point of fatigue failure, which causes a decrease in the fatigue characteristics of the spring. Therefore, although the upper limit is 0.0500%, it is desirable to reduce it as much as possible. Preferably it is 0.0100% or less.
- N 0.0020 to 0.0100% N forms nitrides with various alloy elements such as V and Nb, suppresses the growth of austenite grains, and affects the properties of steel and springs.
- the lower limit of the N content is 0.0020%.
- the upper limit is made 0.0100%.
- Mo 0.01 to 1.00%
- V at least one of 0.01 to 0.30%
- Mo and V are important elements that greatly contribute to temper softening resistance. Adding it leads to higher strength of the spring. The addition amount for obtaining this effect needs to be 0.01% or more for both elements.
- the upper limit of Mo is 1.00%
- the upper limit of V is 0.30%. V forms a nitride with N and contributes to the refinement of austenite grains as pinning particles.
- Nb 0.001 to 0.200%
- Nb like V, forms a nitride with N, and contributes to the refinement of austenite grains as pinning particles.
- the amount of Nb added is set to 0.001% or more.
- it exceeds 0.200% not only the effect is saturated, but also the hot ductility of the steel is remarkably lowered, and the problem of wrinkling occurs during hot rolling of the raw steel bar occurs. %.
- the spring steel of the present invention has a higher Si content than conventional spring steel.
- Si is an important element that is necessary for securing the strength of the spring and contributes greatly to the temper softening resistance of the steel, leading to an increase in the strength of the spring.
- conventionally it has not been easy to realize a spring steel to which a large amount of Si, for example, exceeding 2.5% is added. The reason is that the hard inclusion SiO 2 exists in the steel.
- the crystallization temperature of SiO 2 can be controlled by adjusting the ratio of the content of Si and Mn, which are likely to generate oxides, and is a hard inclusion based on the knowledge described above.
- the C value defined by [Si] / [Mn] is set to 3.25 or less.
- spring steel having a high Si content.
- an increase in heating temperature increases the amount of decarburization and degrades fatigue characteristics.
- V and Mo contained in the spring steel need to increase the heating temperature in order to exert the effect of temper softening resistance together with the amount thereof.
- V or Mo may not be added or the amount may be reduced. It has been found that this contributes to the realization of spring steel with a high Si content.
- the present invention suppresses the generation of hard inclusions of SiO 2 that degrade the fatigue characteristics of the spring, despite the high Si content compared to the conventional spring steel, due to the synergistic effect of these combinations.
- the present invention provides a high-strength spring steel that ultimately becomes a high-strength spring by making maximum use of the temper softening resistance effect of the alloy element and increasing the strength of the spring core.
- a spring manufactured using the spring steel of the present invention is also provided.
- the spring of the present invention is a steel material having the composition defined in the present invention, that is, by mass%, C: 0.50 to 0.70%, Si: 1.00 to 5.00%, Mn: 0.30 to 2.00% P: 0.0002 to 0.0500%, S: 0.0002 to 0.0500%, Cr: 0.10 to 3.50%, Al: 0.0005 to 0.0500%, N: 0.0020 to 0.0100%,
- a steel material that contains Fe and the balance of inevitable impurities is manufactured by drawing and then heat treatment such as quenching and tempering treatment or nitriding treatment.
- the spring of the present invention is characterized in that the H value defined by the following formula (a) is 160 or more and the C value defined by the following formula (b) is 3.25 or less.
- Steel is further mass%, Ca: 0.0002 to 0.0100%, Mg: 0.0002 to 0.0100%, Zr: 0.0005 to 0.1000%, 1 type or 2 types or more can be contained.
- a steel wire having a diameter of 6 mm was prepared by melting steel having chemical components shown in Table 1 in a vacuum melting furnace and then hot rolling.
- the steel component of the conventional example is equivalent to Si-Cr steel SWOSC-V for valve springs of JIS G 3561.
- These steel wires were subjected to heat treatment reproducing the tempering hardness of the core after nitriding.
- the temperature at which the alloy carbide or Fe carbide can be solutionized is selected from 850 to 1150 ° C., and the wire steel is heated to obtain an oil of 60 ° C. After tempering, it was tempered at 450 ° C. for 120 min.
- the tempering hardness of these heat-treated materials In order to measure the tempering hardness of these heat-treated materials, a cross section in the diameter direction was cut out from the test piece, the cross section was polished, and then the Vickers hardness (300 gf) was measured at a position of 2 mm from the surface layer.
- the total decarburized layer depth was measured by a method using a microscope specified in JIS G 0558.
- the total decarburization layer depth of 0 means that total decarburization could not be confirmed with a microscope.
- the fatigue test is a Nakamura-type rotating bending fatigue test, and after the heat treatment scale on the surface layer is removed, the maximum load stress at which 10 samples showed a life of 10 7 times or more with a probability of 50% or more is the fatigue strength. It was.
- Examples 1 to 11 of the present invention are all within the specified range of the steel composition, both the index H and the index C are also within the specified values, and have excellent fatigue characteristics with a fatigue strength of 800 MPa or more.
- Comparative Example No. 12 is within the specified values for both indices H and C, but the fatigue strength is low due to the high Cr content and significant decarburization.
- Comparative Example No. 13 is also within the specified values for both indices H and C, but the content of Al is large and the fatigue strength is low.
- Comparative Example No. 14 and no. 15 is within the steel composition regulation range, but is outside the regulation value of the index H, so the fatigue strength is as low as 800 MPa or less. Further, Comparative Example No. 16, and no.
- the fatigue strength is as low as 800 MPa or less.
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Abstract
Description
H=33.6[C]+10.0[Si]+5.95[Mn]+11.1[Cr]
+21.9[Mo]+34.0[V]+90.0
ここで、式中、[C]、[Si]、[Mn]、[Cr]、[Mo]、及び[V]は、鋼中の各元素の含有量(質量%)である。
C=[Si]/[Mn]・・・(b)
ここで、式中、[Si]及び[Mn]は、鋼中の各元素の含有量(質量%)である。
H=33.6[C]+10.0[Si]+5.95[Mn]+11.1[Cr]
+90.0・・・(a)
H=33.6[C]+10.0[Si]+5.95[Mn]+11.1[Cr]
+21.9[Mo]+34.0[V]+90.0・・・(c)
ここで、式中、[C]、[Si]、[Mn]、[Cr]、[Mo]、及び[V]は、鋼中の各元素の含有量(質量%)である。
C:0.50~0.70%、
Si:1.00~5.00%、
Mn:0.30~2.00%、
P:0.0002~0.0500%、
S:0.0002~0.0500%、
Cr:0.10~3.50%、
Al:0.0005~0.0500%、
N:0.0020~0.0100%、
を含有し、残部がFe及び不可避的不純物からなり、下記(a)式で定義するH値が160以上、下記(b)式で定義するC値が3.25以下であることを特徴とするばね鋼。
H=33.6[C]+10.0[Si]+5.95[Mn]+11.1[Cr]
+90.0・・・(a)
C=[Si]/[Mn]・・・(b)
ここで、式中、[C]、[Si]、[Mn]、および[Cr]は、鋼中の各元素の含有量(質量%)である。
Mo:0.01~1.00%、
V:0.01~0.20%、
のうちの1種以上を含有することを特徴とする上記(1)に記載のばね鋼。
但し、H値を上記(a)式に代えて、下記(c)式に定義するH値が173以上である。
H=33.6[C]+10.0[Si]+5.95[Mn]+11.1[Cr]
+21.9[Mo]+34.0[V]+90.0・・・(c)
ここで、式中、[C]、[Si]、[Mn]、[Cr]、[Mo]、および[V]は、鋼中の各元素の含有量(質量%)である。
Nb:0.001~0.200%、
を含有することを特徴とする上記(1)または(2)に記載のばね鋼。
Ca:0.0002~0.0100%、
Mg:0.0002~0.0100%、
Zr:0.0005~0.1000%、
のうちの1種または2種以上を含有することを特徴とする上記(1)~(3)のいずれかに記載のばね鋼。
C:0.50~0.70%、
Si:1.00~5.00%、
Mn:0.30~2.00%、
P:0.0002~0.0500%、
S:0.0002~0.0500%、
Cr:0.10~3.50%、
Al:0.0005~0.0500%、
N:0.0020~0.0100%、
を含有し、残部がFe及び不可避的不純物からなり、当該ばねは下記(a)式で定義するH値が160以上、下記(b)式で定義するC値が3.25以下であることを特徴とするばね。
H=33.6[C]+10.0[Si]+5.95[Mn]+11.1[Cr]
+90.0・・・(a)
C=[Si]/[Mn]・・・(b)
ここで、式中、[C]、[Si]、[Mn]、および[Cr]は、鋼中の各元素の含有量(質量%)である。
Mo:0.01~1.00%、
V:0.01~0.20%、
のうちの1種以上を含有することを特徴とする上記(5)に記載のばね。
但し、H値を上記(a)式に代えて、下記(c)式に定義するH値が173以上である。
H=33.6[C]+10.0[Si]+5.95[Mn]+11.1[Cr]
+21.9[Mo]+34.0[V]+90.0・・・(c)
ここで、式中、[C]、[Si]、[Mn]、[Cr]、[Mo]、および[V]は、鋼中の各元素の含有量(質量%)である。
Nb:0.001~0.200%、
を含有することを特徴とする上記(5)または(6)に記載のばね。
Ca:0.0002~0.0100%、
Mg:0.0002~0.0100%、
Zr:0.0005~0.1000%、
のうちの1種または2種以上を含有することを特徴とする上記(5)~(7)のいずれかに記載のばね。
C:0.50~0.70%、
Si:1.00~5.00%、
Mn:0.30~2.00%、
P:0.0002~0.0500%、
S:0.0002~0.0500%、
Cr:0.10~3.50%、
Al:0.0005~0.0500%、
N:0.0020~0.0100%、
を含有し、残部がFe及び不可避的不純物からなる鋼材を、伸線後、焼入れ焼戻し処理や窒化処理等の熱処理を施して製造されたばねについて、下記(a)式で定義するH値と、下記(b)式で定義するC値とで疲労強度を評価することを特徴とするばねの疲労強度評価方法。
H=33.6[C]+10.0[Si]+5.95[Mn]+11.1[Cr]
+90.0・・・(a)
C=[Si]/[Mn]・・・(b)
ここで、式中、[C]、[Si]、[Mn]、および[Cr]は、鋼中の各元素の含有量(質量%)である。
Mo:0.01~1.00%、
V:0.01~0.20%、
のうちの1種以上を含有することを特徴とする上記(a)に記載のばねの疲労強度評価方法。
但し、H値を上記(a)式に代えて、下記(c)式に定義するH値が173以上である。
H=33.6[C]+10.0[Si]+5.95[Mn]+11.1[Cr]
+21.9[Mo]+34.0[V]+90.0・・・(c)
ここで、式中、[C]、[Si]、[Mn]、[Cr]、[Mo]、および[V]は、鋼中の各元素の含有量(質量%)である。
Nb:0.001~0.200%、
を含有することを特徴とする上記(a)または(b)に記載のばねの疲労強度評価方法。
Ca:0.0002~0.0100%、
Mg:0.0002~0.0100%、
Zr:0.0005~0.1000%、
のうちの1種または2種以上を含有することを特徴とする上記(a)~(c)のいずれかに記載のばねの疲労強度評価方法。
C:0.50~0.70%、
Si:1.00~5.00%、
Mn:0.30~2.00%、
P:0.0002~0.0500%、
S:0.0002~0.0500%、
Cr:0.10~3.50%、
Al:0.0005~0.0500%、
N:0.0020~0.0100%、
を含有し、残部がFe及び不可避的不純物からなる鋼材を、伸線後、焼入れ焼戻し処理や窒化処理等の熱処理を施してばねを製造することにより、下記(b)式で定義するH値が160以上、下記(b)式で定義するC値が3.25以下となるようにすることを特徴とする高強度ばね製造方法。
H=33.6[C]+10.0[Si]+5.95[Mn]+11.1[Cr]
+90.0・・・(a)
C=[Si]/[Mn]・・・(b)
ここで、式中、[C]、[Si]、[Mn]、および[Cr]は、鋼中の各元素の含有量(質量%)である。
Mo:0.01~1.00%、
V:0.01~0.20%、
のうちの1種以上を含有することを特徴とする上記(e)に記載の高強度ばね製造方法。
但し、H値を上記(a)式に代えて、下記(c)式に定義するH値が173以上である。
H=33.6[C]+10.0[Si]+5.95[Mn]+11.1[Cr]
+21.9[Mo]+34.0[V]+90.0・・・(c)
ここで、式中、[C]、[Si]、[Mn]、[Cr]、[Mo]、および[V]は、鋼中の各元素の含有量(質量%)である。
Nb:0.001~0.200%、
を含有することを特徴とする上記(e)または(f)に記載の高強度ばね製造方法。
Ca:0.0002~0.0100%、
Mg:0.0002~0.0100%、
Zr:0.0005~0.1000%、
のうちの1種または2種以上を含有することを特徴とする上記(e)~(g)のいずれかに記載の高強度ばね製造方法。
まず、本発明で規定した前記(a)、(c)式について説明する。
指標H=33.6[C]+10.0[Si]+5.95[Mn]+11.1[Cr]
+90.0・・・(a)
Mo、Vを含有する場合:
指標H=33.6[C]+10.0[Si]+5.95[Mn]+11.1[Cr]
+21.9[Mo]+34.0[V]+90.0・・・(c)
以下に、本発明鋼の各元素の含有量の限定理由について説明する。成分についての%は、質量%を意味する。
Cは鋼の強度を決める重要な元素である。十分に強度を得るためには、下限は0.50%とする。他の合金元素に比べて合金コストは安く、Cを多量に添加することができれば鋼材の合金コストは低減できる。しかしながら、多量のCを添加すると、熱間延性が著しく低下するため、上限は0.70%とする。好ましくは0.67%以下であり、より好ましくは0.65%以下である。
Siはばねの強度、硬度を確保するために必要な元素であり、十分な強度を得るためには、下限は1.00%とする。さらにSiは焼戻し軟化抵抗に大きく寄与する重要な元素であり、Siの添加はばねの高強度化につながる。そのため、Siの下限は、好ましくは2.50%、より好ましくは2.70%、最も好ましくは3.00%である。その一方、Siを多量に添加すると鋼強度が向上するだけでなく、顕著に脆化するため、上限を5.00%とする。
Mnは鋼中のSをMnSとして固定するとともに、焼入れ性を高めて熱処理後の硬度を十分に得るため、多用される。さらに本発明では、SiO2を生成するか否かを決める重要な元素であり、高Si添加においても鋼中のSiとMn量を適正化することによって疲労特性の低下を防ぐことができる。これらの効果を得るために、Mn含有量は0.30%以上とする。一方、2.00%超のMn量を添加すると素地の硬さが大きくなり脆くなるため、上限は2.00%とする。
Pは鋼中に不可避的不純物として通常、0.0002%以上は含まれているため、下限を0.0002%とする。添加したとしても、Pは旧オーステナイトの粒界等に偏析し、顕著に脆化するため、上限は0.0500%とする。好ましくは、0.0300%以下であり、より好ましくは0.0200%以下、更に好ましくは0.0150%以下である。
SもPと同様に鋼中に不可避的不純物として通常、0.0002%以上は含まれ、鋼中に存在すると鋼を脆化させる。Sの場合、Mnによって極力その影響を小さくするものの、MnSも介在物の形態をとるため、疲労特性を低下させる。特に高強度鋼では微量のMnSから破壊を生じることもあり、Sも極力少なくすることが望ましいので、上限を0.0500%とした。したがって、Sの含有量は0.0002~0.0500%とする。好ましくは、上限は0.0300%であり、より好ましくは0.0200%で、更に好ましくは0.0150%である。
Crは焼戻し軟化抵抗に大きく寄与する重要な元素であり、これを添加することはばねの高強度化につながる。この効果を得るため、Cr添加量は0.10%以上とする。しかしながら、CrはFe系炭化物中に固溶し安定化させるため、焼戻し軟化抵抗の効果を得るには加熱温度を著しく高める必要があり、この場合Cr量は3.50%を超えて添加すると顕著に脱炭し、かえって疲労強度が低下する。したがって、Cr量の上限は3.50%とする。
Alは鋼中に不可避的不純物として通常、0.0005%以上は含まれているため、下限を0.0005%とする。添加したとしても、AlはAl2O3等の酸化物を生成し、疲労破壊の起点となって、ばねの疲労特性を低下させる原因となる。そのため、上限は0.0500%とするものの、極力低減することが望ましい。好ましくは0.0100%以下である。
NはV、Nb等の各種合金元素と窒化物を形成し、オーステナイト粒の成長を抑制し鋼およびばねの性質に影響を与える。この効果を得るには、Nの含有量の下限は0.0020%とする。一方、Nの含有量が増加すると鋼の熱間延性が著しく低下し、素材棒鋼の熱間圧延時の疵発生の問題が生じるため、上限は0.0100%とする。
Mo、Vは焼戻し軟化抵抗に大きく寄与する重要な元素であり、これらのうちの少なくとも一方を添加することはばねの高強度化につながる。この効果を得るための添加量は、どちらの元素についても0.01%以上が必要である。一方、多量に添加すると、焼戻し軟化抵抗の効果を発揮するため加熱温度を高くする必要があり、加熱温度の上昇とともに発生する脱炭量が増え、疲労強度が低下する。したがって、Moの上限は1.00%とし、Vの上限は0.30%とする。またVはNと窒化物を形成し、ピン止め粒子としてオーステナイト粒の微細化に寄与する。
NbはVと同様にNと窒化物を形成し、ピン止め粒子としてオーステナイト粒の微細化に寄与する。この効果を得るには、Nbの添加量は0.001%以上とする。一方、0.200%を超えると、その効果が飽和するだけでなく、鋼の熱間延性が著しく低下し、素材棒鋼の熱間圧延時の疵発生の問題が生じるため、上限を0.200%とする。
Ca、Mg、Zrはいずれも酸化物を形成し、Mn硫化物の晶出核となりMn硫化物を均一微細分散する効果がある。この効果を発揮するには、Ca、Mgの下限は0.0002%とし、Zrの下限は0.0005%とする。一方、Ca、Mgは0.0100%、Zrは0.1000%を超えると、かえってこれら酸化物や硫化物等の硬質介在物を多量に生成し、鋼の疲労特性を低下させる。したがって、Ca、Mgの上限は0.0100%とし、Zrの上限は0.1000%とする。
C:0.50~0.70%、
Si:1.00~5.00%、
Mn:0.30~2.00%、
P:0.0002~0.0500%、
S:0.0002~0.0500%、
Cr:0.10~3.50%、
Al:0.0005~0.0500%、
N:0.0020~0.0100%、
を含有し、残部がFe及び不可避的不純物からなる鋼材を、伸線後、焼入れ焼戻し処理や窒化処理等の熱処理を施して製造される。本発明のばねは、下記(a)式で定義するH値が160以上、下記(b)式で定義するC値が3.25以下であることを特徴とする。
H=33.6[C]+10.0[Si]+5.95[Mn]+11.1[Cr]
+90.0・・・(a)
C=[Si]/[Mn]・・・(b)
ここで、式中、[C]、[Si]、[Mn]、および[Cr]は、鋼中の各元素の含有量(質量%)である。
Mo:0.01~1.00%、
V:0.01~0.20%、
のうちの1種以上を含有することもできる。この鋼材を用いて得られるばねは、上記(a)式に代えて下記(c)式で定義するH値が173以上であることを特徴とする。
H=33.6[C]+10.0[Si]+5.95[Mn]+11.1[Cr]
+21.9[Mo]+34.0[V]+90.0・・・(c)
ここで、式中、[C]、[Si]、[Mn]、[Cr]、[Mo]、および[V]は、鋼中の各元素の含有量(質量%)である。
Nb:0.001~0.200%、
を含有してもよい。
Ca:0.0002~0.0100%、
Mg:0.0002~0.0100%、
Zr:0.0005~0.1000%、
のうちの1種または2種以上を含有することもできる。
Claims (8)
- 質量%で、
C:0.50~0.70%、
Si:1.00~5.00%、
Mn:0.30~2.00%、
P:0.0002~0.0500%、
S:0.0002~0.0500%、
Cr:0.10~3.50%、
Al:0.0005~0.0500%、
N:0.0020~0.0100%、
を含有し、残部がFe及び不可避的不純物からなり、下記(a)式で定義するH値が160以上、下記(b)式で定義するC値が3.25以下であることを特徴とするばね鋼。
H=33.6[C]+10.0[Si]+5.95[Mn]+11.1[Cr]
+90.0・・・(a)
C=[Si]/[Mn]・・・(b)
ここで、式中、[C]、[Si]、[Mn]、および[Cr]は、鋼中の各元素の含有量(質量%)である。 - さらに、質量%で、
Mo:0.01~1.00%、
V:0.01~0.30%
のうちの1種以上を含有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載のばね鋼。
但し、H値を上記(a)式に代えて、下記(c)式に定義するH値が173以上である。
H=33.6[C]+10.0[Si]+5.95[Mn]+11.1[Cr]
+21.9[Mo]+34.0[V]+90.0・・・(c)
ここで、式中、[C]、[Si]、[Mn]、[Cr]、[Mo]、および[V]は、鋼中の各元素の含有量(質量%)である。 - さらに、質量%で、
Nb:0.001~0.200%
を含有することを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載のばね鋼。 - さらに、質量%で、
Ca:0.0002~0.0100%、
Mg:0.0002~0.0100%、
Zr:0.0005~0.1000%
のうちの1種または2種以上を含有することを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載のばね鋼。 - 鋼材を、伸線後、熱処理を施して製造されたばねであって、鋼材が、質量%で、
C:0.50~0.70%、
Si:1.00~5.00%、
Mn:0.30~2.00%、
P:0.0002~0.0500%、
S:0.0002~0.0500%、
Cr:0.10~3.50%、
Al:0.0005~0.0500%、
N:0.0020~0.0100%、
を含有し、残部がFe及び不可避的不純物からなり、当該ばねは下記(a)式で定義するH値が160以上、下記(b)式で定義するC値が3.25以下であることを特徴とするばね。
H=33.6[C]+10.0[Si]+5.95[Mn]+11.1[Cr]
+90.0・・・(a)
C=[Si]/[Mn]・・・(b)
ここで、式中、[C]、[Si]、[Mn]、および[Cr]は、鋼中の各元素の含有量(質量%)である。 - 前記鋼材がさらに、質量%で、
Mo:0.01~1.00%、
V:0.01~0.20%、
のうちの1種以上を含有することを特徴とする請求項5に記載のばね。
但し、H値を上記(a)式に代えて、下記(c)式に定義するH値が173以上である。
H=33.6[C]+10.0[Si]+5.95[Mn]+11.1[Cr]
+21.9[Mo]+34.0[V]+90.0・・・(c)
ここで、式中、[C]、[Si]、[Mn]、[Cr]、[Mo]、および[V]は、鋼中の各元素の含有量(質量%)である。 - 前記鋼材がさらに、質量%で、
Nb:0.001~0.200%、
を含有することを特徴とする請求項5または6に記載のばね。 - 前記鋼材がさらに、質量%で、
Ca:0.0002~0.0100%、
Mg:0.0002~0.0100%、
Zr:0.0005~0.1000%、
のうちの1種または2種以上を含有することを特徴とする請求項5または6に記載のばね。
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US11807923B2 (en) | 2020-06-17 | 2023-11-07 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Spring steel wire |
US11892048B2 (en) | 2020-06-15 | 2024-02-06 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Spring steel wire |
DE112022002968T5 (de) | 2021-08-05 | 2024-03-21 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Stahldraht für Federn |
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CN112449654B (zh) * | 2019-07-01 | 2022-07-08 | 住友电气工业株式会社 | 钢线和弹簧 |
CN114651082B (zh) * | 2019-10-16 | 2023-02-17 | 日本制铁株式会社 | 阀门弹簧 |
KR102326263B1 (ko) * | 2019-12-20 | 2021-11-15 | 주식회사 포스코 | 초고강도 스프링용 선재, 강선 및 그 제조방법 |
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- 2012-08-15 KR KR1020157024307A patent/KR101603485B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2012-08-15 US US14/237,949 patent/US9523404B2/en active Active
- 2012-08-15 KR KR1020147003528A patent/KR20140033235A/ko active Application Filing
- 2012-08-15 MX MX2014001872A patent/MX339397B/es active IP Right Grant
- 2012-08-15 BR BR112014003415-0A patent/BR112014003415B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2012-08-15 EP EP12824592.5A patent/EP2746420B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2012-08-15 WO PCT/JP2012/070767 patent/WO2013024876A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2012-08-15 JP JP2013529028A patent/JP5541418B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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CN105121680A (zh) * | 2013-04-23 | 2015-12-02 | 新日铁住金株式会社 | 耐疲劳特性优异的弹簧钢及其制造方法 |
US10350676B2 (en) | 2013-04-23 | 2019-07-16 | Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation | Spring steel with excellent fatigue resistance and method of manufacturing the same |
US11892048B2 (en) | 2020-06-15 | 2024-02-06 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Spring steel wire |
US11807923B2 (en) | 2020-06-17 | 2023-11-07 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Spring steel wire |
DE112022002968T5 (de) | 2021-08-05 | 2024-03-21 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Stahldraht für Federn |
KR20240045214A (ko) | 2021-08-05 | 2024-04-05 | 스미토모덴키고교가부시키가이샤 | 스프링용 강선 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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BR112014003415B1 (pt) | 2019-05-28 |
BR112014003415A2 (pt) | 2017-03-01 |
KR20140033235A (ko) | 2014-03-17 |
EP2746420B1 (en) | 2016-06-01 |
JP5541418B2 (ja) | 2014-07-09 |
CN103717776B (zh) | 2016-03-30 |
MX2014001872A (es) | 2014-05-30 |
US9523404B2 (en) | 2016-12-20 |
JPWO2013024876A1 (ja) | 2015-03-05 |
CN103717776A (zh) | 2014-04-09 |
US20140193288A1 (en) | 2014-07-10 |
KR101603485B1 (ko) | 2016-03-14 |
MX339397B (es) | 2016-05-25 |
EP2746420A1 (en) | 2014-06-25 |
EP2746420A4 (en) | 2015-06-03 |
KR20150108043A (ko) | 2015-09-24 |
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