Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
  • B60T1/00—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles
  • B60T1/005—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles by locking of wheel or transmission rotation
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
  • F16D63/00—Brakes not otherwise provided for; Brakes combining more than one of the types of groups F16D49/00 - F16D61/00
  • F16D63/006—Positive locking brakes
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16H—GEARING
  • F16H63/00—Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism
  • F16H63/02—Final output mechanisms therefor; Actuating means for the final output mechanisms
  • F16H63/30—Constructional features of the final output mechanisms
  • F16H63/34—Locking or disabling mechanisms
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16H—GEARING
  • F16H63/00—Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism
  • F16H63/02—Final output mechanisms therefor; Actuating means for the final output mechanisms
  • F16H63/30—Constructional features of the final output mechanisms
  • F16H63/34—Locking or disabling mechanisms
  • F16H63/3416—Parking lock mechanisms or brakes in the transmission
  • F16H63/3425—Parking lock mechanisms or brakes in the transmission characterised by pawls or wheels
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16H—GEARING
  • F16H63/00—Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism
  • F16H63/02—Final output mechanisms therefor; Actuating means for the final output mechanisms
  • F16H63/30—Constructional features of the final output mechanisms
  • F16H63/34—Locking or disabling mechanisms
  • F16H63/3416—Parking lock mechanisms or brakes in the transmission
  • F16H63/3458—Parking lock mechanisms or brakes in the transmission with electric actuating means, e.g. shift by wire
  • F16H63/3466—Parking lock mechanisms or brakes in the transmission with electric actuating means, e.g. shift by wire using electric motors
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
  • F16D2121/00—Type of actuator operation force
  • F16D2121/005—Type of actuator operation force unspecified force for releasing a normally applied brake
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
  • F16D2125/00—Components of actuators
  • F16D2125/18—Mechanical mechanisms
  • F16D2125/20—Mechanical mechanisms converting rotation to linear movement or vice versa
  • F16D2125/22—Mechanical mechanisms converting rotation to linear movement or vice versa acting transversely to the axis of rotation
  • F16D2125/28—Cams; Levers with cams
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
  • F16D2125/00—Components of actuators
  • F16D2125/18—Mechanical mechanisms
  • F16D2125/20—Mechanical mechanisms converting rotation to linear movement or vice versa
  • F16D2125/34—Mechanical mechanisms converting rotation to linear movement or vice versa acting in the direction of the axis of rotation
  • F16D2125/36—Helical cams, Ball-rotating ramps
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
  • F16D2125/00—Components of actuators
  • F16D2125/18—Mechanical mechanisms
  • F16D2125/20—Mechanical mechanisms converting rotation to linear movement or vice versa
  • F16D2125/34—Mechanical mechanisms converting rotation to linear movement or vice versa acting in the direction of the axis of rotation
  • F16D2125/40—Screw-and-nut

Definitions

• the invention relates to a parking brake for a motor vehicle, in particular for a gearbox or a vehicle with electric drive.
• Parking locks are used in gearboxes of motor vehicles to secure the vehicle against unintentional rolling away.
• non-mechanical components are installed in a drive train of a motor vehicle, as in automatic transmissions with hydrodynamic torque converters, parking locks secure the vehicle position in the event of a vehicle standstill or when the engine is stopped.
• the parking brake can be activated by the driver or indirectly via electrical aids. As a rule, it then positively blocks the transmission output shaft.
• a parking brake in the form of a force against a restoring pawl is provided, which can intervene by means of a ratchet tooth in a formally arranged on a parking lock gear locking teeth.
• the actuation of the pawl is effected by a linearly displaceable actuating unit, which has a frame-like shape as a carriage, wherein a selector lever on longitudinal side walls of the frame-like linkage eng attacks.
• the operating unit has two rollers mounted together, via which it acts on the pawl.
• the pawl must be able to safely hold the pawl wheel even at low vehicle speeds up to about 5 km / h and on uneven track with up to 30 ° incline and engage and disengage.
• forces occur as a function of the vehicle weight up to the two-digit kN range.
• the actuators adjusting actuators must be relatively powerful. Such a parking brake also requires a relatively large amount of space.
• the object of the invention is therefore to provide a compact parking brake, in which the applied actuating forces are reduced.
• a parking brake according to claim 1.
• a mechanically interacting transmission element is arranged as a connection of the actuator, which reduces the applied Aktuator concept.
• the transmission element is part of a Planetenskylzgetriebes, wherein a planetary gear is understood to mean a planetary gear having at least one sun gear, a planetary gear and a ring gear, which are provided with threads instead of axial teeth.
• Planetenrälzgetriebe the required operating force can be reduced by one or more orders of magnitude.
• a suitable choice are spindle planets, which cause a ratio of about 1: 50 with the actuator unit. In a very small space so very high translations can be achieved.
• the Planetenskylzgetriebe thus ensures that due to the high translation between the actuator and the actuator this only has to provide a comparatively small power. This can make the actuator small build and integrate well into the parking lock.
• the space requirement is further reduced by the fact that the actuator has a rotor shaft, which are fixedly connected to one of the wheels planetary gear, sun gear or ring gear.
• the rotor shaft can be connected to the central sun gear, which allows a particularly low-mass connection.
• the rotor shaft with the sun gear is preferably made in one piece in Integralbauweise.
• the rotor shaft is manufactured separately from the wheels of the Planetenxxlzgetrie- and then connected to one of the wheels preferably cohesively.
• the parking lock according to the invention is preferably used in transmissions of motor vehicles. In particular, it is intended for use in dual-clutch transmissions and torque converter machines. Other fields of use include the securing of electric axles of vehicles, differentials and locking mechanisms in industrial applications.
• the rotor shaft is arranged coaxially with the actuating unit.
• the actuator may be arranged radially outside the actuating unit, preferably it is axially offset. While the first alternative is particularly short in axial construction, in the second alternative, easier assembly of the actuator motor outside the transmission housing is possible. If the actuator motor is an electric motor, it is easier to connect to an external power supply. In addition, he is not exposed to such high temperatures.
• the actuator can be designed as an electromechanical actuator or as an electrohydraulic actuator.
• the actuator has a low-wear brushless DC motor (BLDC motor) as the actuator motor.
• the electrical release of the parking brake is provided instead of a mechanical.
• the preloaded parking lock is permanently energized while driving, ie in the unlocked state.
• the invention allows a relief of the on-board power supply system, since permanently lower holding forces are required because of the translation. The energy requirement of the parking brake thus decreases by about half, the on-board power supply system is relieved.
• the actuator coaxially connects to the actuator unit.
• the actuator protrudes in the direction of movement of the actuator unit does not or hardly further than the actuator itself and is arranged in the installed state of the parking brake inside the gearbox.
• the actuating unit and the actuator are coaxial, but axially offset, that is arranged one behind the other.
• the components of the Planetenxxlzgetriebes are preferably without cutting, for example, produced by a rolling process. Alternatively, however, a cutting production is possible.
• FIG. 1 shows a parking lock according to the invention with an electric motor as
• Actuator a translationally movable actuator by the actuator, which actuates a pawl via a three-bearing arrangement, in the unlocked position in cross-section,
• FIG. 4 shows a further parking lock according to the invention with a coaxial arrangement of an actuator connected via a planetary roller screw drive
• FIG. 5 shows an enlarged detail from FIG. 1 with the three roller bearings as a detail-adjusted schematic diagram
• FIG. 6 shows a single roller bearing from FIG. 5
• Figure 7 shows a further parking brake with two standing with the actuating element and the pawl in operative connection needle bearings and
• Figure 8 shows a cross section through a transmission with a parking lock gear and engaging in this parking brake.
• the basic mode of operation of a parking brake 1 can be seen in FIG. 4.
• An actuator 2 acts on an actuating unit 5.
• the actuator 2 is shown schematically here and can be formed both mechanically as a linkage, a cable or a lever as well as an electric motor. In particular, when hydraulic or compressed air means are available close to the actuator, the actuator 2 may also be formed as an accumulator. It is arranged coaxially to the translational force direction 51 of the actuating unit 5.
• a coaxially arranged hollow-shaft electric motor 22 mechanically engages in an actuating rod 52 via a planetary roller gear.
• the circular cylindrical actuating rod 52 is shown only schematically and has on its radial surface 59 a thread 53 on.
• the thread 53 is a spindle of a sun gear via planetary 30 with a ring gear 40 in engagement ( Figures 1 to 3).
• the actuating rod 52 has a blind hole 61 in which a spring element 6 is supported.
• the spring element 6 is designed as a helical spring adapted in its cross section to the diameter of the blind hole 61. It is thus guided tipping safe. With its spring end 62, it is supported on the parking lock housing 11.
• Characterized that the actuating rod 52 is partially hollow and the spring element 6 can be guided inside the actuating rod 52, the radial outer sheath 59 is available as a functional surface 92 for mechanical engagement or due to now small distances for an electromagnetic interacting field.
• the actuating rod 52 acts on its side opposite the blind hole 61 on an intermediate element 4 ( Figure 5), which is in operative connection both with the actuating rod 52 and with the pawl 3.
• the intermediate element 4 has three rolling bearings 41, 41 ', 41 ", whose inner rings are formed by bolts 42, 42', 42".
• the rolling bearing 41' rolls with its thick-walled outer ring 44 'on the
• the pawl 3 is biased by a remindstellarrettechnik 33 against the parking lock housing 11 so that they are without being acted upon by the actuating element 52 and the intermediate element 4 in their Reset initial position.
• the actuating unit 52 acts via the roller bearings 41, 41 ', 41 "on the pawl 3.
• two identical roller bearings 41, 41' are provided, which are in rolling contact with each other, wherein the first Roller bearings 41 on the parking lock housing 11 rolls and the second rolling bearing 41 'on the pawl 3.
• Their inner rings are connected as bolts 42, 42' with the cage 43.
• Figure 6 shows a suitable rolling bearing 41 in an enlarged view. It has an inner ring 47, so that the not the bolt 42 itself, but in this variant of the inner ring 47 forms the raceway for the rolling elements 46. To increase the load rating at the prevailing here, relatively low rotational speeds, the rolling bearing 41 is fully loaded.
• the parking brake 1 may comprise a shift lock, not shown, as in DE 10 2005 018 899 A1, which is arranged on the actuating rod 52 and, for example, locked against the parking lock housing 11 in order to reduce the required holding forces it is possible to secure the rolling bearings 41, 41 ', 41 "itself in recesses.
• FIG. 8 shows the installation situation of a parking brake 1 in a transmission 84 of a motor vehicle.
• the transmission 84 has a transmission housing 85 with a radially directed window 80.
• the window 80 is a recess having an approximately rectangular shape, which receives the parking lock housing 11 and corresponds to the shape thereof.
• the window 80 has parallel, radially directed retaining walls 86, on which the parking lock housing 11 can be supported.
• the housing plate 7 has a peripheral edge 73, with which it rests on the retaining walls 86. Via transverse walls 72, the parking brake 1 can additionally be supported on the gear housing 85.
• Figures 1 to 3 show a parking brake 1 in the unlocked ( Figure 1), in the prestressed ( Figure 2) and in the locked ( Figure 3) state.
• the parking brake 1 has, as main components, the rolling bearing pawl 3, the actuating unit 5 and the parking lock housing 11 with a housing plate 7.
• the actuating unit 5 and the pawl 3 are aligned almost parallel to each other, so that a compact design is made possible.
• the housing plate 7 is formed as a flat piece of sheet metal, which by means of screws 70 fixed to the transmission housing 85 ( Figure 8) is connectable and forms a cover for the transmission housing 85.
• the actuator 2 in the form of an electric motor is the transmission housing 85 forms.
• the actuator 2 in the form of an electric motor is attached to the holding plate 7.
• the pawl 3 has a pawl tooth 31 which engages in a tooth gap 81 of a radially directed locking toothing 82 of the parking lock wheel 8.
• the spring force of the spring element 6 exceeds that of the remindstellarret ist 33, so that the spring element 6 is relaxed in the locked state of the parking brake 1.
• an automatic locking of the parking brake 1 can be made in case of failure of the actuator 2.
• the actuating unit 5 has an actuating rod 52 as a hollow tube 60 with a stepped through-hole 63.
• the step is formed as a circular cylindrical annular shoulder 64 on which the spring element 6 is supported.
• an actuating pin 65 is arranged so that the spring element 6 is also guided on the inside. In the region of the through-hole 63, which has the smaller diameter, the actuating pin 65 is in positive contact with the actuating rod 52.
• the actuating pin 65 has a head 66 which engages behind the end plate 45 of the cage 43. The actuating pin 65 can thus act as a pull pin for the intermediate element 5.
• a disk 68 is arranged, on which the spring end 62 is supported, and a magnet 69 as a signal transmitter for a sensor 75.
• the actuating pin 65, the actuating rod 52 and the spring element 6 together form the actuating unit 5.
• the Planetenskylzgetriebe 9 has as sun gear, the actuating rod 52 of the actuator unit 5.
• the actuating rod 52 is provided on its outer circumference with a thread 53 which is provided with threads of Planetenrä- 30 is engaged.
• the planet gears 30 have a much larger axial than radial extent, so that it is ensured that always sufficient threads for torque transmission are available.
• the threads of the planet gears 30 are in turn with a mating thread 54 of a ring gear 40 in engagement.
• the ring gear 40 is rotatably enclosed by a sleeve 93.
• the sleeve 93 tapers in the direction of the rotor shaft 10 and is firmly connected thereto.
• the rotor shaft 10 is supported via a bearing 94 on the housing plate 7 and driven by the actuator motor 50.
• the sleeve 93 has a free space 95 which can receive the actuating unit 5 as an axially displaceable sun gear 20.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Transportation (AREA)
• Braking Arrangements (AREA)
• Gear-Shifting Mechanisms (AREA)

Priority Applications (1)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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ID=46545771

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (3)

Cited By (2)

Families Citing this family (18)

Citations (6)

Family Cites Families (1)

• 2011
  • 2011-08-05 DE DE102011080498A patent/DE102011080498A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2012
  • 2012-07-17 WO PCT/EP2012/063940 patent/WO2013020779A1/de active Application Filing
  • 2012-07-17 CN CN201280037911.0A patent/CN103930319B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related

Patent Citations (6)

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