WO2013018887A1 - 電気化学素子電極用導電性接着剤組成物、接着剤層付集電体および電気化学素子電極 - Google Patents
電気化学素子電極用導電性接着剤組成物、接着剤層付集電体および電気化学素子電極 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013018887A1 WO2013018887A1 PCT/JP2012/069833 JP2012069833W WO2013018887A1 WO 2013018887 A1 WO2013018887 A1 WO 2013018887A1 JP 2012069833 W JP2012069833 W JP 2012069833W WO 2013018887 A1 WO2013018887 A1 WO 2013018887A1
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- conductive adhesive
- particulate copolymer
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- monomer
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- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005428 anthryl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C2C([H])=C3C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C3=C([H])C2=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002421 anti-septic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940064004 antiseptic throat preparations Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000005110 aryl thio group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000019400 benzoyl peroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N butadiene-styrene rubber Chemical class C=CC=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UTOVMEACOLCUCK-PLNGDYQASA-N butyl maleate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O UTOVMEACOLCUCK-PLNGDYQASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000480 butynyl group Chemical group [*]C#CC([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003093 cationic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010280 constant potential charging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001995 cyclobutyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000582 cycloheptyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000640 cyclooctyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001559 cyclopropyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- FJBFPHVGVWTDIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibromomethane Chemical compound BrCBr FJBFPHVGVWTDIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004177 diethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOC SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000118 dimethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000003292 diminished effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- WNAHIZMDSQCWRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecane-1-thiol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCS WNAHIZMDSQCWRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GMSCBRSQMRDRCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C GMSCBRSQMRDRCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011267 electrode slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010556 emulsion polymerization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004705 ethylthio group Chemical group C(C)S* 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008282 halocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003187 heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003480 inorganic solid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000555 isopropenyl group Chemical group [H]\C([H])=C(\*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- GLNWILHOFOBOFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium sulfide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[S-2] GLNWILHOFOBOFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010534 mechanism of action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002734 metacrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005397 methacrylic acid ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002816 methylsulfanyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])S[*] 0.000 description 1
- 239000013081 microcrystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001400 nonyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- KZCOBXFFBQJQHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane-1-thiol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCS KZCOBXFFBQJQHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SRSFOMHQIATOFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N octanoyl octaneperoxoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(=O)OOC(=O)CCCCCCC SRSFOMHQIATOFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005486 organic electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005981 pentynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005561 phenanthryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000951 phenoxy group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(O*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000003356 phenylsulfanyl group Chemical group [*]SC1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid di-n-butyl ester Natural products CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCC DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920005569 poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001195 polyisoprene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- FZYCEURIEDTWNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-1-en-2-ylbenzene Chemical compound CC(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1.CC(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 FZYCEURIEDTWNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enylbenzene Chemical compound C=CCC1=CC=CC=C1 HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002568 propynyl group Chemical group [*]C#CC([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound O=C1CCCN1 HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007717 redox polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940083575 sodium dodecyl sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010267 sodium hydrogen sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940067741 sodium octyl sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium persulfate Substances [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229960000776 sodium tetradecyl sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HFQQZARZPUDIFP-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2-dodecylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1S([O-])(=O)=O HFQQZARZPUDIFP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- HEBRGEBJCIKEKX-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2-hexadecylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1S([O-])(=O)=O HEBRGEBJCIKEKX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- XZTJQQLJJCXOLP-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;decyl sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O XZTJQQLJJCXOLP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- GGHPAKFFUZUEKL-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;hexadecyl sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O GGHPAKFFUZUEKL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- NWZBFJYXRGSRGD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;octadecyl sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O NWZBFJYXRGSRGD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WFRKJMRGXGWHBM-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;octyl sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O WFRKJMRGXGWHBM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- UPUIQOIQVMNQAP-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;tetradecyl sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O UPUIQOIQVMNQAP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N stilbene Chemical group C=1C=CC=CC=1C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004763 sulfides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid Substances OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960002447 thiram Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/66—Current collectors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0402—Methods of deposition of the material
- H01M4/0404—Methods of deposition of the material by coating on electrode collectors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/133—Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
- H01M4/663—Selection of materials containing carbon or carbonaceous materials as conductive part, e.g. graphite, carbon fibres
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
- H01M4/665—Composites
- H01M4/667—Composites in the form of layers, e.g. coatings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
- H01M4/668—Composites of electroconductive material and synthetic resins
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0471—Processes of manufacture in general involving thermal treatment, e.g. firing, sintering, backing particulate active material, thermal decomposition, pyrolysis
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a conductive adhesive composition for an electrochemical element electrode, and in particular, an adhesive suitable for forming a uniform conductive adhesive layer on a current collector surface of a lithium ion secondary battery. Relates to the composition.
- the present invention also provides a current collector with an adhesive layer having a conductive adhesive layer formed from such an adhesive composition, and an electrode composition layer containing an electrode active material on the conductive adhesive layer of the current collector.
- the present invention relates to an electrochemical element electrode in which is formed.
- an electrochemical element typified by a lithium ion battery has high energy density and output density, and is expected to be used in small applications such as mobile phones and notebook personal computers, and in large applications such as in-vehicle use. Therefore, with the expansion and development of applications, these electrochemical elements are required to be further improved, such as lowering resistance, higher capacity, higher withstand voltage, mechanical characteristics, and improved cycle life.
- Electrochemical elements can increase the operating voltage and energy density by using an organic electrolyte, but on the other hand, there is a problem that the internal resistance is large due to the high viscosity of the electrolyte.
- Patent Document 1 For the purpose of reducing internal resistance, it has been proposed to provide a conductive adhesive layer between an electrode composition layer and a current collector (Patent Document 1).
- the conductive adhesive in Patent Document 1 includes carbon black as a conductive material and includes polyvinylidene fluoride resin as a binder.
- Patent Document 2 teaches that a conductive adhesive layer is provided between a current collector and an electrode composition layer in order to improve electrode strength and reduce internal resistance in an electrode for a lithium ion capacitor.
- Patent Document 2 exemplifies various polyamides and acrylate polymers as binders used for the conductive adhesive. It is also described that the acrylate polymer may contain a dibasic acid monomer such as fumaric acid or itaconic acid.
- Patent Document 1 is still insufficient in reducing the internal resistance of the electrode.
- a metal film having a through hole such as expanded aluminum is used as a current collector.
- the adhesive is hardly repelled by the current collector, and the conductive adhesive has a uniform and good adhesion.
- An agent layer can be formed.
- a lithium ion secondary battery unlike a lithium ion capacitor, a lithium ion secondary battery often uses a foil-like metal having no through hole as a current collector.
- a normal conductive adhesive is applied to such a foil-shaped metal current collector, the adhesive is repelled on the surface of the metal foil, and a pinhole is generated in the adhesive layer.
- the uniformity and the adhesion to the current collector may be impaired.
- the uniformity of the electrode composition layer formed on the adhesive layer also decreases, the adhesion between the electrode composition layer and the adhesive layer becomes insufficient, and the battery life and electrode strength are impaired. I found out that there was something.
- the present invention provides an electroconductive electrode for an electrochemical element electrode that is used for forming a highly uniform conductive adhesive layer that is interposed between the current collector and the electrode composition layer and can contribute to improvement in adhesion between the current collector and the electrode composition layer. It aims at providing an adhesive composition.
- the present inventor has intensively studied to solve the above problems, and as a binder of a conductive adhesive layer provided between the current collector and the electrode composition layer, two specific particulate copolymers are used. In combination, the coating of the conductive adhesive becomes smooth, and a uniform and high-strength conductive adhesive layer is formed, and the current collector and the electrode composition layer are formed through the conductive adhesive layer. As a result, the present inventors have found that a secondary battery having particularly high durability and high electrode strength can be obtained.
- the gist of the present invention aimed at solving the above problems is as follows.
- the particulate copolymer (A) is A monomer comprising 60 to 90% by mass of an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid ester, 0.1 to 5% by mass of a dibasic acid monomer, and 39.9 to 5% by mass of a monoolefin monomer copolymerizable therewith.
- a particulate copolymer (AI) obtained by emulsion polymerization of the monomer mixture and / or A monomer mixture containing 20 to 50% by mass of a diene monomer, 0.1 to 5% by mass of a dibasic acid monomer, and 79.9 to 50% by mass of a monoolefin monomer copolymerizable therewith.
- the conductive adhesive composition for electrochemical element electrodes according to (1) above which is a particulate copolymer (A-II) obtained by emulsion polymerization.
- the particulate copolymer (B) is an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid monomer 1 to 5% by mass, an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid amide derivative 0.1 to 3% by mass, and a copolymer thereof.
- (1) or (2) above which is a particulate copolymer obtained by emulsion polymerization obtained by emulsion polymerization of a monomer mixture containing 35 to 90% by mass of a possible monoolefinic monomer.
- the electroconductive adhesive composition for electrochemical element electrodes is an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid monomer 1 to 5% by mass, an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid amide derivative 0.1 to 3% by mass, and a copolymer thereof.
- (1) or (2) above which is a particulate copolymer obtained by emulsion polymerization obtained by emulsion polymerization of a monomer mixture containing 35 to 90% by mass of
- the conductive carbon content is 8 to 38% by mass
- the particulate copolymer (A) is 1 to 4% by mass
- the particulate copolymer (B) is 0.1 to
- the conductive adhesive composition for electrochemical element electrodes according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein the content is 1% by mass and the content of the dispersion medium is 60 to 90% by mass.
- Adhesive having a conductive adhesive layer formed by applying and drying the conductive adhesive composition for an electrochemical element electrode according to any one of (1) to (7) above on the current collector Current collector with agent layer.
- a particulate copolymer containing conductive carbon, a dibasic acid monomer unit (A), and an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid amide derivative monomer unit on the current collector The collector with an adhesive layer which has a conductive adhesive layer containing (B).
- the coating of the conductive adhesive becomes smooth, and a uniform and high strength conductive adhesive layer is formed.
- the adhesion between the current collector and the electrode composition layer is improved, and a secondary battery having particularly high durability and electrode strength can be obtained.
- the mechanism of action that manifests the effects of the present invention is not necessarily clear.
- the present inventors presume the mechanism by which the above effect is achieved as follows. That is, since the particulate copolymer (A) contains a dibasic acid monomer unit, the affinity to the conductive carbon contained in the conductive adhesive composition is high, and the conductive property in the conductive adhesive composition is high. Uniform dispersibility of carbon.
- the binder consisting only of the particulate copolymer (A) is easily repelled on the current collector surface, the uniformity of the conductive adhesive layer is impaired, and the adhesion to the current collector becomes insufficient.
- the particulate copolymer (B) since the particulate copolymer (B) has an amide group, it has high wettability with respect to the current collector and contributes to improvement in adhesion. For this reason, the adhesive containing the particulate copolymer (B) can be uniformly applied to the current collector surface. However, with the particulate copolymer (B) alone, the adhesive strength may be insufficient, and the electrode strength may decrease.
- the current collector and the conductive adhesive layer are firmly bonded by the action of the particulate copolymer (B).
- the current collector and the electrode composition layer are firmly bonded to each other through the smooth and high strength conductive adhesive layer.
- the application of the conductive adhesive becomes smooth, and the conductive adhesive layer becomes uniform and strong.
- the adhesiveness between the adhesive layer and the current collector is high, and the current collector and the electrode composition layer are strengthened through the adhesive layer. It is considered that a secondary battery that adheres and has particularly high durability and electrode strength can be obtained.
- the conductive adhesive composition for electrochemical device electrodes comprises conductive carbon, a particulate copolymer (A) containing a dibasic acid monomer unit, and an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid amide derivative unit. It contains the particulate copolymer (B) and the dispersion medium, and may contain other components as necessary.
- A particulate copolymer
- B dispersion medium
- the form of conductive carbon used in the conductive adhesive composition for electrochemical element electrodes according to the present invention is not particularly limited, but is generally Is a carbon particle.
- a carbon particle is a particle which consists only of carbon, or consists only of carbon substantially. Specific examples include graphite with high conductivity due to the presence of delocalized ⁇ -electrons (specifically, natural graphite, artificial graphite, etc.), and several layers of graphitic carbon microcrystals gathered together to form a turbulent structure.
- Carbon black (specifically, acetylene black, ketjen black, other furnace blacks, channel blacks, thermal lamp blacks, etc.), carbon fibers, carbon whiskers, etc.
- Graphite or carbon black is particularly preferable in that the particles can be packed at high density, the electron transfer resistance of the conductive adhesive layer can be reduced, and the internal resistance of the lithium ion battery can be further reduced.
- These conductive carbons may be used alone or in combination of two kinds.
- the electrical resistivity of the conductive carbon is preferably 0.0001 to 1 ⁇ ⁇ cm, more preferably 0.0005 to 0.5 ⁇ ⁇ cm, and particularly preferably 0.001 to 0.1 ⁇ ⁇ cm.
- the electrical resistivity is a resistance value converged with respect to the pressure measured by continuously applying pressure to the carbon particles using a powder resistance measurement system (MCP-PD51 type: manufactured by Dia Instruments).
- the electrical resistivity ⁇ ( ⁇ ⁇ cm) R ⁇ (S / d) is calculated from R ( ⁇ ), the area S (cm 2 ) and the thickness d (cm) of the compressed carbon particle layer.
- the volume average particle diameter of the conductive carbon is preferably 0.01 to 20 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.05 to 15 ⁇ m, and particularly preferably 0.1 to 10 ⁇ m.
- the volume average particle diameter of the conductive carbon is within this range, the conductive carbon of the conductive adhesive layer is filled with high density, so that the electron transfer resistance is further reduced and the internal resistance of the lithium ion battery is further reduced.
- the volume average particle diameter is a volume average particle diameter calculated by measuring with a laser diffraction particle size distribution analyzer (SALD-3100, manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation).
- the particulate copolymer (A) contains a dibasic acid monomer unit.
- a dibasic acid monomer unit is a repeating unit derived from a dibasic acid and a polymerizable compound.
- the particle shape may be a true sphere, an oval sphere, or any other irregular shape, but a shape having a high sphericity is preferable.
- dibasic acid monomer examples include ethylenically unsaturated polyvalent carboxylic acids such as itaconic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, maleic anhydride, citraconic anhydride, and anhydrides thereof; monobutyl fumarate, monobutyl maleate, And a partially esterified product of an ethylenically unsaturated polyvalent carboxylic acid such as mono-2-hydroxypropyl maleate. Of these, itaconic acid, which is relatively easy to polymerize, is particularly preferred. These dibasic acid monomers may be used individually by 1 type, and may use 2 or more types together.
- polyvalent carboxylic acids such as itaconic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, maleic anhydride, citraconic anhydride, and anhydrides thereof
- monobutyl fumarate monobutyl maleate
- a partially esterified product of an ethylenically unsaturated polyvalent carboxylic acid such as mono-2-hydroxypropyl male
- the particulate copolymer (A) is not particularly limited as long as it contains dibasic acid monomer units, but from the viewpoint of achieving appropriate binding properties, dispersibility, and particle properties, the dibasic acid monomer A particulate copolymer (AI) obtained by emulsion polymerization of a monomer mixture containing an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid ester and a monoolefinic monomer copolymerizable therewith, and / Or a particulate copolymer (A) obtained by emulsion polymerization of a monomer mixture containing a diene monomer and a monoolefin monomer copolymerizable therewith in addition to a dibasic acid monomer -II).
- ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid esters include ethyl acrylate, propyl acrylate, isopropyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, t-butyl acrylate, n-amyl acrylate, isoamyl acrylate Acrylates such as n-hexyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, hexyl acrylate, nonyl acrylate, lauryl acrylate, stearyl acrylate, etc .; ethyl methacrylate, propyl methacrylate, isopropyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate , Isobutyl methacrylate, t-butyl methacrylate, n-amyl methacrylate, isoamyl methacrylate, n-hexyl methacrylate, 2-ethy
- acrylate is preferable, and n-butyl acrylate and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate are particularly preferable in that the strength of the obtained electrode can be improved.
- ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid esters may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- diene monomer examples include 1,3-butadiene, isoprene, 2-chloro-1,3-butadiene, chloroprene, pentadiene and the like.
- 1,3-butadiene and isoprene are preferable, and 1,3-butadiene is particularly preferable because it can improve the life of the obtained battery.
- diene monomers may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- monoolefinic monomers copolymerizable with the above monomers include ethylenically unsaturated nitrile monomers, aromatic vinyl monomers, and ethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic acid monomers. Can be mentioned.
- Examples of the ethylenically unsaturated nitrile monomer include acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, fumaronitrile, ⁇ -chloroacrylonitrile and the like. Among these, acrylonitrile is particularly preferable.
- aromatic vinyl monomer examples include styrene, ⁇ -methylstyrene, monochlorostyrene, vinyltoluene and the like. Of these, styrene is particularly preferable.
- ethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic acid monomer examples include ethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic acids such as acrylic acid and methacrylic acid. Further, these ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid monomers may be used in the form of a salt such as sodium salt, potassium salt or ammonium salt.
- compoundable monomer compounds include vinyl carboxylates such as vinyl propionate.
- These monoolefinic monomers can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the particulate copolymer (A) substantially includes a structural unit derived from an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid amide derivative that is an essential constituent element of the particulate copolymer (B) as described later.
- the content of the structural unit derived from the ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid amide derivative is less than 0.1% by mass.
- the composition of the monomer mixture for forming the particulate copolymer (AI) is not particularly limited.
- An example of a suitable composition is that the dibasic acid monomer is 0.1 to 5% by mass, Preferably, it is 0.5 to 4.5% by mass, more preferably 1 to 4.0% by mass, and ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid ester is 60 to 90% by mass, preferably 65 to 85% by mass, more preferably It is 68 to 82% by mass, and the monoolefinic monomer is 39.9 to 5% by mass, preferably 35 to 10% by mass, and more preferably 30 to 15% by mass.
- the composition of the monomer mixture for forming the particulate copolymer (A-II) is not particularly limited, but an example of a suitable composition is that the dibasic acid monomer is 0.1 to 5% by mass, Preferably, it is 0.5 to 4.5% by mass, more preferably 1 to 4.0% by mass, and the diene monomer is 20 to 50% by mass, preferably 25 to 45% by mass, more preferably 30 to 40% by mass.
- the monoolefin monomer is 79.9 to 50% by mass, preferably 75 to 52% by mass, and more preferably 70 to 55% by mass.
- the glass transition temperature of such a particulate copolymer (A) is preferably in the range of ⁇ 40 to 40 ° C.
- the tetrahydrofuran-insoluble content of the particulate copolymer (A) is preferably 60 to 99% by mass, more preferably 70 to 95% by mass.
- an electrode having an active material layer with high peel strength can be obtained.
- the particulate copolymer (A) contains a dibasic acid structure, it has a high affinity for conductive carbon. For this reason, in the conductive adhesive composition, the dispersibility of the conductive carbon is improved, and the conductive carbon is uniformly dispersed in the composition. The coating property of the conductive adhesive composition is improved, the surface state of the obtained conductive adhesive is improved, and the surface of the adhesive layer is smoothed. Further, after the composition is dried, the conductive carbons are firmly bonded to each other, which contributes to the improvement of the strength of the conductive adhesive layer.
- the particulate copolymer (A) contains an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid amide derivative unit.
- the ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid amide derivative unit is a polymerizable compound having a carboxylic acid amide, a derivative structure thereof or a precursor structure capable of deriving a carboxylic acid amide structure in the molecule, and having an ethylenically unsaturated bond.
- the particle shape may be a true sphere, an oval sphere, or any other irregular shape, but a shape having a high sphericity is preferable.
- Examples of the ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid amide monomer include N- (hydroxyalkyl) -substituted ethylenically unsaturated monomers such as N-methylol (meth) acrylamide, N-ethylol (meth) acrylamide, and N-butyrol (meth) acrylamide.
- N- (hydroxyalkyl) -substituted ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid amide is preferable, and N-methylolacrylamide is particularly preferable.
- N- (hydroxyalkyl) -substituted ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid amide is preferable, and N-methylolacrylamide is particularly preferable.
- These ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid amide derivatives can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the particulate copolymer (B) is not particularly limited as long as it contains an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid amide derivative unit, but from the viewpoint of achieving appropriate binding properties, dispersibility, and particle properties, A particulate copolymer obtained by emulsion polymerization of a monomer mixture containing an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid and a monoolefinic monomer copolymerizable therewith in addition to a saturated carboxylic acid amide derivative. Is preferred.
- ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid monomer examples include ethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic acids such as acrylic acid and methacrylic acid, as described for the particulate copolymer (A). Further, these ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid monomers may be used in the form of a salt such as sodium salt, potassium salt or ammonium salt. Furthermore, carboxylic acid vinyl esters such as vinyl propionate can be blended.
- monoolefinic monomers copolymerizable with the above monomers include ethylenically unsaturated nitrile monomers, aromatic vinyl monomers, and ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid ester monomers. Can be mentioned. Specific examples of these monomers include the same monomers as those described for the particulate copolymer (A).
- the particulate copolymer (B) does not substantially contain a structural unit derived from a dibasic acid monomer that is an essential constituent of the particulate copolymer (A).
- the content of the structural unit derived from the dibasic acid monomer is less than 0.1% by mass.
- the composition of the monomer mixture for forming the particulate copolymer (B) is not particularly limited.
- An example of a suitable composition is 0.1 to 3% by mass of an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid amide derivative, The content is preferably 0.2 to 2.5% by mass, more preferably 0.5 to 2.0% by mass, and the ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid is 1 to 5% by mass, preferably 1.2 to 4.5% by mass. %, More preferably 1.5 to 4% by mass, and the monoolefinic monomer is 35 to 90% by mass, preferably 40 to 85% by mass, more preferably 50 to 80% by mass.
- the glass transition temperature of such a particulate copolymer (B) is preferably in the range of ⁇ 40 to 40 ° C.
- the tetrahydrofuran-insoluble content of the particulate copolymer (B) is preferably 0 to 25% by mass, more preferably 0 to 20% by mass.
- the tetrahydrofuran-insoluble content is in the above range, it tends to spread on the surface of the current collector, and the peel strength is easily improved.
- the particulate copolymer (B) contains a carboxylic acid amide structure, it has a high affinity for a metal such as a current collector. For this reason, the conductive adhesive composition has a high wettability with respect to the current collector, the composition can be uniformly coated on the current collector surface, the occurrence of pinholes is suppressed, and the surface adhesive has a good surface condition. A layer can be formed. Therefore, the electrode composition layer formed on the adhesive layer is also smoothed. In addition, after coating and drying of the composition, the strength of the electrode is improved because the composition is adhered to the current collector by the carboxylic acid amide structure contained in the adhesive layer.
- a particulate copolymer (A) containing a dibasic acid monomer unit and a particulate copolymer containing an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid amide derivative unit As a binder for forming the conductive adhesive layer, a particulate copolymer (A) containing a dibasic acid monomer unit and a particulate copolymer containing an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid amide derivative unit.
- the volume average particle diameter of the particulate copolymer (A) is preferably 200 to 500 nm, more preferably 300 to 500 nm, still more preferably 330 to 450 nm, and particularly preferably 350 to 430 nm.
- the volume average particle diameter of the particulate copolymer (B) is preferably 80 to 250 nm, more preferably 85 to 200 nm, and particularly preferably 90 to 180 nm.
- the volume average particle diameter is a volume average particle diameter calculated by measuring with a particle diameter measuring machine (Coulter LS230: manufactured by Coulter).
- the volume average particle diameter of the particulate copolymers (A) and (B) is in the above range, the movement of the particulate copolymer (A) is limited as compared with the particulate copolymer (B).
- the particulate copolymer (A) having a high affinity with the conductive carbon is relatively restricted in movement, both the particulate copolymer (A) and the conductive carbon move little and are uniformly in the coating film. A distributed state is maintained. As a result, a conductive adhesive layer in which conductive carbon is uniformly dispersed is obtained.
- the volume average particle diameter of the particulate copolymers (A) and (B) is controlled by appropriately setting the production conditions described later. For example, when the amount of the surfactant used for emulsion polymerization increases, the particle diameter of the obtained particles tends to decrease.
- the production method of the particulate copolymers (A) and (B) is not particularly limited, but as described above, each of the monomer mixtures containing the monomers constituting each copolymer is subjected to emulsion polymerization. Can be obtained.
- the method for emulsion polymerization is not particularly limited, and a conventionally known emulsion polymerization method may be employed.
- Examples of the polymerization initiator used for emulsion polymerization include inorganic peroxides such as sodium persulfate, potassium persulfate, ammonium persulfate, potassium perphosphate, and hydrogen peroxide; t-butyl peroxide, cumene hydroperoxide, p-menthane hydroperoxide, di-t-butyl peroxide, t-butylcumyl peroxide, acetyl peroxide, isobutyryl peroxide, octanoyl peroxide, benzoyl peroxide, 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoyl peroxide Organic peroxides such as oxide and t-butylperoxyisobutyrate; azo compounds such as azobisisobutyronitrile, azobis-2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile, azobiscyclohexanecarbonitrile, methyl azobisisobutyrate, etc. Et That.
- inorganic peroxides can be preferably used.
- These polymerization initiators can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the peroxide initiator can also be used as a redox polymerization initiator in combination with a reducing agent such as sodium bisulfite.
- the amount of the polymerization initiator used is preferably 0.05 to 5 parts by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 2 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total amount of the monomer mixture used for the polymerization.
- a chain transfer agent is preferably used during emulsion polymerization.
- the chain transfer agent include alkyl mercaptans such as n-hexyl mercaptan, n-octyl mercaptan, t-octyl mercaptan, n-dodecyl mercaptan, t-dodecyl mercaptan, n-stearyl mercaptan; dimethylxanthogen disulfide, diisopropylxanthogendi Xanthogen compounds such as sulfides; thiuram compounds such as terpinolene, tetramethylthiuram disulfide, tetraethylthiuram disulfide, tetramethylthiuram monosulfide; phenols such as 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methyl
- alkyl mercaptans are preferable, and t-dodecyl mercaptan can be more preferably used.
- chain transfer agents can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the amount of the chain transfer agent used is preferably 0.05 to 2 parts by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 1 part by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the monomer mixture.
- anionic surfactant it is preferable to use an anionic surfactant during emulsion polymerization.
- anionic surfactant By using an anionic surfactant, the polymerization stability can be improved.
- anionic surfactant those conventionally known in emulsion polymerization can be used.
- Specific examples of the anionic surfactant include sodium lauryl sulfate, ammonium lauryl sulfate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, ammonium dodecyl sulfate, sodium octyl sulfate, sodium decyl sulfate, sodium tetradecyl sulfate, sodium hexadecyl sulfate, sodium octadecyl sulfate and the like.
- alkylbenzene sulfonates such as sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, sodium lauryl benzene sulfonate, sodium hexadecyl benzene sulfonate
- fats such as sodium lauryl sulfonate, sodium dodecyl sulfonate, sodium tetradecyl sulfonate Group sulfonates; and the like.
- the amount of the anionic surfactant used is preferably 0.5 to 10 parts by mass, more preferably 1 to 5 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the monomer mixture.
- the amount used is small, the particle size of the obtained particles is large, and when the amount is large, the particle size tends to be small.
- a nonionic surfactant, a cationic surfactant, an amphoteric surfactant, etc. can also be used together.
- a pH adjusting agent such as sodium hydroxide and ammonia
- a dispersing agent such as sodium hydroxide and ammonia
- a chelating agent such as sodium hydroxide and ammonia
- an oxygen scavenger such as sodium hydroxide and ammonia
- a seed latex for adjusting the particle size
- seed latex refers to a dispersion of fine particles that becomes the nucleus of the reaction during emulsion polymerization.
- the fine particles often have a particle size of 100 nm or less.
- the fine particles are not particularly limited, and general-purpose polymers such as acrylic polymers are used. According to the seed polymerization method, a particulate copolymer having a relatively uniform particle diameter can be obtained.
- the polymerization temperature for carrying out the polymerization reaction is not particularly limited, but is usually 0 to 100 ° C., preferably 40 to 80 ° C. Emulsion polymerization is performed in such a temperature range, and the polymerization reaction is stopped at a predetermined polymerization conversion rate by adding a polymerization terminator or cooling the polymerization system.
- the polymerization conversion rate for stopping the polymerization reaction is preferably 93% by mass or more, more preferably 95% by mass or more.
- the unreacted monomer is removed, the pH and solid content concentration are adjusted, and the particulate copolymer is obtained in a form (latex) dispersed in a dispersion medium. Thereafter, if necessary, the dispersion medium may be replaced, or the dispersion medium may be evaporated to obtain a particulate copolymer in a powder form.
- the conductive adhesive composition for electrochemical device electrodes according to the present invention is a slurry in which the conductive carbon, the particulate copolymer (A) and the particulate copolymer (B) are dispersed in a dispersion medium. It is a composition.
- the dispersion medium water and various organic solvents can be used without particular limitation as long as the above-described components can be uniformly dispersed and the dispersion state can be stably maintained. From the viewpoint of simplification of the production process, it is preferable to directly produce an adhesive composition without performing operations such as solvent replacement after the emulsion polymerization, and the reaction solvent used during the emulsion polymerization is used as the dispersion medium. Is desirable.
- water is often used as a reaction solvent, and it is particularly preferable to use water as a dispersion medium from the viewpoint of working environment.
- the conductive adhesive composition for electrochemical element electrodes of the present invention may contain a dispersant for dispersing the above-described components.
- the dispersant include cellulosic polymers such as carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, ethylcellulose, and hydroxypropylcellulose, and ammonium salts or alkali metal salts thereof, and poly (meth) acrylates such as sodium poly (meth) acrylate.
- cellulosic polymers such as carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, ethylcellulose, and hydroxypropylcellulose, and ammonium salts or alkali metal salts thereof
- poly (meth) acrylates such as sodium poly (meth) acrylate.
- These dispersants can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the content ratio of each component in the conductive adhesive composition for electrochemical element electrodes according to the present invention is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of dispersibility and coatability of each component, the content ratio of conductive carbon is preferably Is 8 to 38% by mass, more preferably 10 to 35% by mass, particularly preferably 15 to 30% by mass, and the content of the particulate copolymer (A) is preferably 0.1 to 10% by mass, The content is preferably 0.5 to 9% by mass, particularly preferably 1 to 8% by mass, and the content ratio of the particulate copolymer (B) is preferably 0.1 to 5% by mass, and more preferably 0.2%. To 4% by weight, particularly preferably 0.3 to 3% by weight. The balance is the dispersion medium and various components added as necessary.
- the content ratio of the dispersion medium is preferably 60 to 90% by mass, more preferably 65 to 85% by mass, and particularly preferably 68 to 85% by mass.
- the total content of the particulate copolymers (A) and (B) used as the binder is preferably 0.5 to 20 parts by mass, more preferably 1 to 19 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the conductive carbon. Particularly preferred is 2 to 18 parts by mass. When the amount of the binder is within this range, an adhesive layer having good conductivity can be obtained.
- the ratio of the particulate copolymers (A) and (B) is not particularly limited, but the mass ratio of the copolymer (A) / copolymer (B) is preferably 50 to 1, more preferably 25 to It is in the range of 3.
- the copolymer (A) / copolymer (B) is in the above range, a conductive adhesive layer having high strength and uniformity can be obtained. It is done.
- the particulate copolymers (A) and (B) each have a unique glass transition temperature Tg.
- the amount of the particulate copolymers (A) and (B) used is selected so that the glass transition temperature of the entire binder is preferably ⁇ 40 to 40 ° C., more preferably ⁇ 40 to 0 ° C. It is preferable to do.
- the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the binder is within this range, the binding property is excellent with a small amount of use, the electrode peel strength is strong, the flexibility is high, and the electrode density is easily increased by the press process at the time of electrode formation. be able to.
- binders, thickeners, anti-aging agents, antifoaming agents, antibacterial agents, blistering agents, pH adjusting agents and the like other than those described above can be added to the conductive adhesive composition as necessary.
- the conductive adhesive composition of the present invention contains a preservative.
- the preservative include isothiazoline compounds and halogenated aliphatic nitro alcohols.
- isothiazoline compounds are preferable.
- preservatives other than those described above can be used as long as the effects of the present invention are not hindered, and the preservatives can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the conductive adhesive composition of the present invention contains a specific amount of isothiazoline-based compound and can suppress the growth of fungi, it prevents the generation of off-flavors and the thickening of the conductive adhesive composition. It is excellent in long-term storage stability.
- the isothiazoline compound is a known compound as a general preservative, and is represented by the following structural formula (1).
- Y represents hydrogen or an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group
- X 1 and X 2 each represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- X 1 X 2 may form an aromatic ring together, and X 1 and X 2 may be the same or different from each other.
- Y represents a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group.
- substituent of the optionally substituted hydrocarbon group represented by Y include a hydroxyl group, a halogen atom (eg, chlorine, fluorine, bromine, iodine, etc.), a cyano group, an amino group, a carboxyl group, and a carbon number of 1 to 4 alkoxy groups (such as methoxy and ethoxy groups), aryloxy groups having 6 to 10 carbon atoms (such as phenoxy groups), alkylthio groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms (such as methylthio groups and ethylthio groups), and carbon numbers Examples thereof include 6 to 10 arylthio groups (eg, phenylthio group).
- halogen atom and an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms are preferable. These substituents may be substituted with 1 to 5, preferably 1 to 3, hydrogens of the hydrocarbon group, and the substituents may be the same or different.
- Examples of the optionally substituted hydrocarbon group represented by Y include an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkynyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, carbon Examples thereof include a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms and an aryl group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms.
- an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms are preferable, and an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms is more preferable.
- alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms examples include methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, isopropyl group, butyl group, isobutyl group, sec-butyl group, tert-butyl group, pentyl group, hexyl group, heptyl group, Examples thereof include an octyl group, an isooctyl group, a sec-octyl group, a tert-octyl group, a nonyl group, and a decyl group.
- alkyl groups for example, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms such as a methyl group and an ethyl group, and an alkyl group having 7 to 10 carbon atoms such as an octyl group and a tert-octyl group are more preferable. More preferred are ⁇ 3 alkyl groups.
- alkenyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms examples include a vinyl group, an allyl group, an isopropenyl group, a 1-propenyl group, a 2-propenyl group, and a 2-methyl-1-propenyl group.
- alkenyl groups a vinyl group and an allyl group are preferable.
- alkynyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms examples include ethynyl group, 1-propynyl group, 2-propynyl group, butynyl group, pentynyl group and the like.
- alkynyl groups an ethynyl group and a propynyl group are preferable.
- Examples of the cycloalkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms include a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, and a cyclooctyl group.
- a cyclopentyl group and a cyclohexyl group are preferable.
- aryl group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms examples include a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthryl group, and a phenanthryl group. Of the aryl groups, a phenyl group is preferred.
- Y various examples of the optionally substituted hydrocarbon group represented by Y can be mentioned.
- these hydrocarbon groups a methyl group and an octyl group are more preferable, and a methyl group is more preferable. .
- X 1 and X 2 each represent the same or different hydrogen atom, halogen atom, or alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- the halogen atom include fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine. Among these, a chlorine atom is preferable.
- alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms examples include methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, isopropyl group, butyl group, isobutyl group, sec-butyl group, tert-butyl group, and pentyl group.
- alkyl groups an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, and a propyl group is preferable.
- X 1 is more preferably a hydrogen atom or a chlorine atom, and further preferably a chlorine atom.
- X 2 is more preferably a hydrogen atom or a chlorine atom, and even more preferably a hydrogen atom.
- isothiazoline-based compound represented by the structural formula (1) include, for example, 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, 2- n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, 4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, 2-ethyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, 4,5-dichloro- Examples include 2-cyclohexyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, 5-chloro-2-ethyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, and 5-chloro-2-t-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one.
- CIT 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one
- CIT 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one
- MIT 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one
- OIT 2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one
- 4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl- 4-Isothiazolin-3-one is preferred, and 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one and 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one are more preferred.
- the following structural formula (2) shows a case where, in the above structural formula (1), X 1 and X 2 jointly form an aromatic ring to form a benzene ring.
- Y is the same as in the structural formula (1), and X 3 to X 6 are a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, an amino group, a carboxyl group, or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Or an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- X 3 to X 6 are each a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a halogen atom (eg, chlorine, fluorine, bromine, iodine, etc.), a cyano group, an amino group, a carboxyl group, or a carbon number of 1 to 4.
- a halogen atom eg, chlorine, fluorine, bromine, iodine, etc.
- a cyano group an amino group, a carboxyl group, or a carbon number of 1 to 4.
- alkyl groups for example, methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, etc.
- alkoxy groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms for example, methoxy group, ethoxy group, etc.
- halogen atoms and carbon atoms having 1 to 4 carbon atoms are included.
- An alkyl group of 4 is preferred.
- These X 3 to X 6 may be the same or different.
- Examples of the isothiazoline-based compound represented by the structural formula (2) include 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “BIT”), N-methyl-1,2-benzisothiazoline- 3-one etc. are mentioned.
- BIT 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one
- N-methyl-1,2-benzisothiazoline- 3-one etc. are mentioned.
- isothiazoline compounds can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one may be included. Particularly preferred.
- the content of the isothiazoline-based compound with respect to the conductive adhesive composition is in the range of 0.01 to 1.0% by mass, preferably 0.03 to 1.0% by mass with respect to 100% by mass of the conductive carbon. It is 0.7% by mass, more preferably 0.05 to 0.5% by mass.
- the content of the isothiazoline compound is less than 0.01% by mass, the propagation of fungi in the conductive adhesive composition is not suppressed, and the long-term storage stability of the conductive adhesive composition is lowered.
- the conductive adhesive composition is denatured and the viscosity of the conductive adhesive composition increases.
- the amount of the dispersant used can be used within a range not impairing the effects of the present invention, and there is no particular limitation. It is usually in the range of 0.1 to 15 parts by mass, preferably 0.5 to 10 parts by mass, more preferably 0.8 to 5 parts by mass with respect to parts by mass.
- the solid content concentration of the conductive adhesive composition for electrochemical element electrodes is usually 10 to 60%, preferably 15 to 50%, particularly preferably 20 to 40%, although it depends on the coating method. When the solid content concentration is in this range, the conductive adhesive layer is highly filled, and the energy density and output density of the resulting electrochemical device are increased.
- the conductive adhesive composition for electrochemical element electrodes is in a slurry state, and the viscosity thereof is usually 10 to 10,000 mPa ⁇ s, preferably 50 to 5,000 mPa ⁇ s, particularly preferably, depending on the coating method. 100 to 2,000 mPa ⁇ s.
- the viscosity of the adhesive composition slurry is within this range, a uniform conductive adhesive layer can be formed on the current collector.
- the method for producing the adhesive composition is not particularly limited, and any means may be used as long as each solid component can be dispersed in the dispersion medium.
- a dispersion of the particulate polymer (A), a dispersion of the particulate copolymer (B), conductive carbon, and optional components added as necessary are mixed together, and then the dispersion medium is used as necessary. May be added to adjust the solid content concentration of the dispersion.
- the conductive carbon may be added in a state dispersed in any dispersion medium.
- the particulate copolymer (A) contains a dibasic acid monomer unit, it has high affinity with the conductive carbon contained in the conductive adhesive and improves the dispersibility of the conductive carbon in the composition. .
- the current collector with an adhesive of the present invention is obtained by applying and drying the above-mentioned conductive adhesive composition for an electrochemical element electrode to the current collector for an electrochemical element.
- the material of the current collector is, for example, metal, carbon, conductive polymer, etc., and metal is preferably used.
- metal aluminum, platinum, nickel, tantalum, titanium, stainless steel, copper, other alloys and the like are usually used. Among these, it is preferable to use copper, aluminum, or an aluminum alloy in terms of conductivity and voltage resistance.
- the thickness of the current collector is 5 to 100 ⁇ m, preferably 10 to 70 ⁇ m, particularly preferably 15 to 50 ⁇ m.
- the method for forming the conductive adhesive layer is not particularly limited. For example, it is formed on the current collector by a doctor blade method, a dip method, a reverse roll method, a direct roll method, a gravure method, an extrusion method, a brush coating, or the like. Moreover, after forming a conductive adhesive layer on release paper, it may be transferred to a current collector.
- Examples of the method for drying the conductive adhesive layer include drying by hot air, hot air, low-humidity air, vacuum drying, and drying by irradiation with (far) infrared rays or electron beams. Of these, a drying method using hot air and a drying method using irradiation with far infrared rays are preferable.
- the drying temperature and the drying time are preferably a temperature and a time at which the solvent in the slurry coated on the current collector can be completely removed, and the drying temperature is usually 50 to 300 ° C., preferably 80 to 250 ° C.
- the drying time is usually 2 hours or less, preferably 5 seconds to 30 minutes.
- the thickness of the conductive adhesive layer is usually 0.5 to 5 ⁇ m, preferably 0.8 to 2.5 ⁇ m, particularly preferably 1.0 to 2.0 ⁇ m.
- the electrode composition layer and the current collector can be favorably bonded via the adhesive layer, and the electron transfer resistance can be reduced.
- the conductive adhesive layer has a composition corresponding to the solid content composition of the conductive adhesive composition for electrochemical element electrodes, and is a particulate copolymer (A) containing conductive carbon and dibasic acid monomer units. ), A particulate copolymer (B) containing an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid amide derivative monomer.
- the electrode for an electrochemical element of the present invention has an electrode composition layer on the conductive adhesive layer of the current collector with an adhesive.
- the electrode composition layer includes an electrode active material, an electrode conductive material, and an electrode binder, and is prepared from a slurry containing these components.
- the electrode active material may be a negative electrode active material or a positive electrode active material.
- the electrode active material is a material that transfers electrons in the battery.
- the volume average particle diameter of the electrode active material is usually 0.01 to 100 ⁇ m, preferably 0.05 to 50 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.1 to 20 ⁇ m for both the positive electrode and the negative electrode. These electrode active materials can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the conductive material for electrodes is made of an allotrope of particulate carbon that has conductivity and does not have pores that can form an electric double layer.
- furnace black, acetylene black, and ketjen black And conductive carbon black such as (registered trademark of Akzo Nobel Chemicals Beslo Tenfen Note Shap).
- acetylene black and furnace black are preferable.
- the electrode binder is not particularly limited as long as it is a compound that can bind the electrode active material and the conductive material to each other.
- a suitable binder is a dispersion-type binder having a property of being dispersed in a solvent.
- the dispersion-type binder include polymer compounds such as a fluoropolymer, a diene polymer, an acrylate polymer, a polyimide, a polyamide, and a polyurethane polymer, and a fluoropolymer, a diene polymer, or an acrylate polymer is preferable.
- a polymer or an acrylate polymer is more preferable in that the withstand voltage can be increased and the energy density of the lithium ion battery can be increased.
- the diene polymer is a homopolymer of a conjugated diene or a copolymer obtained by polymerizing a monomer mixture containing a conjugated diene, or a hydrogenated product thereof.
- the ratio of the conjugated diene in the monomer mixture is usually 40% by mass or more, preferably 50% by mass or more, more preferably 60% by mass or more.
- the diene polymer include conjugated diene homopolymers such as polybutadiene and polyisoprene; aromatic vinyl / conjugated diene copolymers such as carboxy-modified styrene / butadiene copolymer (SBR); acrylonitrile -Vinyl cyanide * conjugated diene copolymers, such as a butadiene copolymer (NBR); Hydrogenated SBR, hydrogenated NBR, etc. are mentioned.
- conjugated diene homopolymers such as polybutadiene and polyisoprene
- aromatic vinyl / conjugated diene copolymers such as carboxy-modified styrene / butadiene copolymer (SBR); acrylonitrile -Vinyl cyanide * conjugated die
- the acrylate polymer is represented by the general formula (1): CH 2 ⁇ CR 1 —COOR 2 (wherein R 1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and R 2 represents an alkyl group or a cycloalkyl group). It is a polymer obtained by polymerizing a monomer mixture containing a compound. Specific examples of the compound represented by the general formula include ethyl acrylate, propyl acrylate, isopropyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, t-butyl acrylate, n-amyl acrylate, and isoamyl acrylate.
- Acrylates such as n-hexyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, hexyl acrylate, nonyl acrylate, lauryl acrylate, stearyl acrylate; ethyl methacrylate, propyl methacrylate, isopropyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, Isobutyl methacrylate, t-butyl methacrylate, n-amyl methacrylate, isoamyl methacrylate, n-hexyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, octyl methacrylate, isodecyl methacrylate, methacryl Lauryl, tridecyl methacrylate include methacrylates such as such as stearyl methacrylate.
- acrylate is preferable, and n-butyl acrylate and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate are particularly preferable in that the strength of the obtained electrode can be improved.
- the proportion of the monomer units derived from the acrylic ester and / or methacrylic ester in the acrylate polymer is usually 50% by mass or more, preferably 70% by mass or more.
- a copolymerizable carboxylic acid group-containing monomer can be used in addition to the compound represented by the general formula (1).
- Specific examples thereof include acrylic acid and methacrylic acid.
- Examples include basic acid-containing monomers, and dibasic acid-containing monomers such as maleic acid, fumaric acid, and itaconic acid.
- a dibasic acid-containing monomer is preferable, and itaconic acid is particularly preferable in terms of improving the binding property with the conductive adhesive layer and improving the electrode strength.
- These monobasic acid-containing monomers and dibasic acid-containing monomers can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the amount of the carboxylic acid group-containing monomer in the monomer mixture is usually 0.1 to 50 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the compound represented by the general formula (1).
- the range is preferably 0.5 to 20 parts by mass, more preferably 1 to 10 parts by mass.
- a copolymerizable nitrile group-containing monomer can be used for the acrylate polymer.
- the nitrile group-containing monomer include acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, and the like.
- acrylonitrile is preferable in that the binding strength with the conductive adhesive layer is increased and the electrode strength can be improved.
- the amount of acrylonitrile in the monomer mixture at the time of copolymerization is usually 0.1 to 40 parts by mass, preferably 0.5 to 100 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the compound represented by the general formula (1). It is in the range of 30 parts by weight, more preferably 1-20 parts by weight. When the amount of acrylonitrile is within this range, the binding strength with the conductive adhesive layer is excellent, and the obtained electrode strength is increased.
- the shape of the binder for the electrode is not particularly limited, but it has good binding properties with the conductive adhesive layer, and can suppress deterioration of the capacity of the prepared electrode and deterioration due to repeated charge and discharge. It is preferable that it is a shape.
- the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the electrode binder is preferably 50 ° C. or lower, more preferably ⁇ 40 to 0 ° C. When the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the binder is within this range, it is excellent in binding property with a small amount of use, strong in electrode strength, rich in flexibility, and easily increases the electrode density by the press process at the time of electrode formation. Can do.
- the number average particle diameter is not particularly limited, but is usually 0.0001 to 100 ⁇ m, preferably 0.001 to 10 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.01 to 1 ⁇ m. .
- the number average particle diameter is a number average particle diameter calculated as an arithmetic average value obtained by measuring the diameter of 100 binder particles randomly selected in a transmission electron micrograph.
- the shape of the particles can be either spherical or irregular.
- the amount of the electrode binder is usually in the range of 0.1 to 50 parts by weight, preferably 0.5 to 20 parts by weight, more preferably 1 to 10 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the electrode active material.
- the amount of the binder for the electrode is within this range, sufficient adhesion between the obtained electrode composition layer and the conductive adhesive layer can be secured, the capacity of the lithium ion battery can be increased, and the internal resistance can be decreased.
- the electrode composition layer is provided on the conductive adhesive layer, but the formation method is not limited.
- the electrode-forming composition can contain other active agents, conductive materials and binders as essential components and other dispersants and additives as required.
- specific examples of other dispersants include cellulosic polymers such as carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, ethylcellulose and hydroxypropylcellulose, and ammonium or alkali metal salts thereof; poly (meth) acrylic such as sodium poly (meth) acrylate.
- Acid salts polyvinyl alcohol, modified polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polycarboxylic acid, oxidized starch, phosphate starch, casein, various modified starches and the like.
- These dispersants can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- a cellulose polymer is preferable, and carboxymethyl cellulose or an ammonium salt or an alkali metal salt thereof is particularly preferable.
- the amount of these dispersants is not particularly limited, but is usually 0.1 to 10 parts by weight, preferably 0.5 to 5 parts by weight, more preferably 0.8 parts per 100 parts by weight of the electrode active material. It is in the range of 8 to 2 parts by mass.
- Electrode composition layer slurry When forming an electrode composition layer, a paste-like electrode forming composition (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “electrode composition layer slurry”) is an essential component of an electrode active material, a conductive material, and a binder,
- electrode composition layer slurry is an essential component of an electrode active material, a conductive material, and a binder
- other dispersants and additives can be produced by kneading in water or an organic solvent such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone or tetrahydrofuran.
- the solvent used for obtaining the slurry is not particularly limited, but when the above dispersant is used, a solvent capable of dissolving the dispersant is preferably used. Specifically, water is usually used, but an organic solvent may be used, or a mixed solvent of water and an organic solvent may be used.
- organic solvent examples include alkyl alcohols such as methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol and propyl alcohol; alkyl ketones such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone; ethers such as tetrahydrofuran, dioxane and diglyme; diethylformamide, dimethylacetamide and N-methyl- Amides such as 2-pyrrolidone and dimethylimidazolidinone; sulfur solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide and sulfolane; and the like.
- alkyl alcohols such as methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol and propyl alcohol
- alkyl ketones such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone
- ethers such as tetrahydrofuran, dioxane and diglyme
- diethylformamide dimethylacetamide and N-methyl- Amides
- sulfur solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide and sulfolane; and the like.
- the slurry for an electrode composition layer is preferably an aqueous slurry using water as a dispersion medium from the viewpoint of easy drying of the electrode composition layer and excellent environmental load.
- water and an organic solvent having a lower boiling point than water are used in combination, the drying rate can be increased during spray drying.
- the dispersibility of the binder or the solubility of the dispersant varies depending on the amount or type of the organic solvent used in combination with water. Thereby, the viscosity and fluidity
- the amount of the solvent used when preparing the slurry is such that the solid content concentration of the slurry is usually in the range of 1 to 90% by mass, preferably 5 to 85% by mass, more preferably 10 to 80% by mass. . When the solid content concentration is within this range, each component is preferably dispersed uniformly.
- the method or procedure for dispersing or dissolving the electrode active material, conductive material, binder, and other dispersants and additives in the solvent is not particularly limited.
- the electrode active material, conductive material, binder, and other dispersants in the solvent Method of adding and mixing the additive; Dissolving the dispersant in the solvent, adding and mixing the binder dispersed in the solvent, and finally adding and mixing the electrode active material and the conductive material; Dispersing in the solvent Examples thereof include a method in which an electrode active material and a conductive material are added to and mixed with the binder, and a dispersant dissolved in a solvent is added to and mixed with the mixture.
- mixing means examples include mixing equipment such as a ball mill, a sand mill, a bead mill, a pigment disperser, a crusher, an ultrasonic disperser, a homogenizer, a homomixer, and a planetary mixer. Mixing is usually carried out in the range of room temperature to 80 ° C. for 10 minutes to several hours.
- the viscosity of the slurry is usually in the range of 10 to 100,000 mPa ⁇ s, preferably 30 to 50,000 mPa ⁇ s, more preferably 50 to 20,000 mPa ⁇ s at room temperature. When the viscosity of the slurry is within this range, productivity can be increased.
- the method for applying the slurry onto the conductive adhesive layer is not particularly limited. Examples thereof include a doctor blade method, a dip method, a reverse roll method, a direct roll method, a gravure method, an extrusion method, and a brush coating method.
- the coating thickness of the slurry is appropriately set according to the thickness of the target electrode composition layer.
- drying method examples include drying with warm air, hot air, low-humidity air, vacuum drying, and drying by irradiation with (far) infrared rays or electron beams. Among these, a drying method by irradiation with far infrared rays is preferable.
- the drying temperature and the drying time are preferably a temperature and a time at which the solvent in the slurry applied to the current collector can be completely removed.
- the drying temperature is 100 to 300 ° C., preferably 120 to 250 ° C.
- the drying time is usually 10 minutes to 100 hours, preferably 20 minutes to 20 hours.
- the density of the electrode composition layer is not particularly limited, but is usually 0.30 to 10 g / cm 3 , preferably 0.35 to 8.0 g / cm 3 , more preferably 0.40 to 6.0 g / cm 3. It is.
- the thickness of the electrode composition layer is not particularly limited, but is usually 5 to 1000 ⁇ m, preferably 20 to 500 ⁇ m, more preferably 30 to 300 ⁇ m.
- Electrochemical element Examples of usage of the electrode for an electrochemical element include a lithium ion secondary battery, an electric double layer capacitor, a lithium ion capacitor, a sodium battery, and a magnesium battery using the electrode, and a lithium ion secondary battery is preferable. is there.
- a lithium ion secondary battery is composed of the electrochemical element electrode, a separator, and an electrolytic solution.
- a separator will not be specifically limited if it can insulate between the electrodes for electrochemical elements, and can pass a cation and an anion.
- a porous separator having pores (a) a porous separator having pores, (b) a porous separator having a polymer coat layer formed on one or both sides, or (c) a porous resin coat layer containing inorganic ceramic powder A porous separator in which is formed.
- Non-limiting examples of these include solids such as polypropylene, polyethylene, polyolefin, or aramid porous separators, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyethylene oxide, polyacrylonitrile, or polyvinylidene fluoride hexafluoropropylene copolymers.
- a polymer film for a polymer electrolyte or a gel polymer electrolyte, a separator coated with a gelled polymer coating layer, or a separator coated with a porous membrane layer made of an inorganic filler or a dispersant for inorganic filler is used. be able to.
- a separator is arrange
- the thickness of the separator is appropriately selected depending on the purpose of use, but is usually 1 to 100 ⁇ m, preferably 10 to 80 ⁇ m, more preferably 20 to 60 ⁇ m.
- the electrolytic solution is not particularly limited.
- a solution obtained by dissolving a lithium salt as a supporting electrolyte in a non-aqueous solvent can be used.
- the lithium salt include LiPF 6 , LiAsF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiSbF 6 , LiAlCl 4 , LiClO 4 , CF 3 SO 3 Li, C 4 F 9 SO 3 Li, CF 3 COOLi, (CF 3 CO) 2 NLi , (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 NLi, (C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) NLi, and other lithium salts.
- LiPF 6 , LiClO 4 , and CF 3 SO 3 Li that are easily soluble in a solvent and exhibit a high degree of dissociation are preferably used. These can be used alone or in admixture of two or more.
- the amount of the supporting electrolyte is usually 1% by mass or more, preferably 5% by mass or more, and usually 30% by mass or less, preferably 20% by mass or less, with respect to the electrolytic solution. If the amount of the supporting electrolyte is too small or too large, the ionic conductivity is lowered and the battery charging and discharging characteristics are lowered.
- the solvent used in the electrolytic solution is not particularly limited as long as it can dissolve the supporting electrolyte.
- Alkyl carbonates such as carbonate (BC) and methyl ethyl carbonate (MEC); esters such as ⁇ -butyrolactone and methyl formate; ethers such as 1,2-dimethoxyethane; tetrahydrofuran; sulfolane and dimethyl sulfoxide Sulfur-containing compounds are used.
- dimethyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, and methyl ethyl carbonate are preferable because high ion conductivity is easily obtained and the use temperature range is wide. These can be used alone or in admixture of two or more. Moreover, it is also possible to use an electrolyte containing an additive.
- the additive is preferably a carbonate compound such as vinylene carbonate (VC).
- Examples of the electrolytic solution other than the above include a gel polymer electrolyte obtained by impregnating a polymer electrolyte such as polyethylene oxide and polyacrylonitrile with an electrolytic solution, and an inorganic solid electrolyte such as lithium sulfide, LiI, and Li 3 N.
- a secondary battery is obtained by stacking a negative electrode and a positive electrode through a separator, and winding and folding the negative electrode and the positive electrode in a battery container according to the shape of the battery, injecting an electrolyte into the battery container, and sealing the battery container. Further, if necessary, an expanded metal, an overcurrent prevention element such as a fuse or a PTC element, a lead plate and the like can be inserted to prevent an increase in pressure inside the battery and overcharge / discharge.
- the shape of the battery may be any of a laminated cell type, a coin type, a button type, a sheet type, a cylindrical type, a square type, a flat type, and the like.
- the appearance of the surface of the conductive adhesive layer formed on the aluminum current collector was visually determined.
- the case where there was no defect on the surface of the conductive adhesive layer was designated as A, the case where a pinhole or a crater having a diameter of 1 ⁇ m or less was observed, B, the case where a crater having a diameter of 1 ⁇ m or more, or a crack was observed, C.
- a coin-type lithium ion secondary battery is manufactured using the electrodes for lithium ion secondary batteries manufactured in Examples and Comparative Examples.
- the capacity and internal resistance are measured by charging and discharging after standing for 24 hours.
- charging starts at a constant current, and when the voltage reaches 4.0 V, the voltage is maintained for 1 hour to be constant voltage charging.
- discharging is performed immediately after the end of charging until it reaches 2.0 V at a constant current.
- the capacity is calculated as the capacity per unit mass of the electrode active material from the energy amount at the time of discharge.
- Cycle life The cycle life is evaluated by the following criteria by repeating the charge / discharge cycle of a lithium ion secondary battery in a constant temperature bath at 70 ° C., calculating the capacity retention rate with respect to the initial capacity after 100 cycles. The greater the capacity retention rate, the better the durability.
- SA Capacity maintenance rate is 93% or more
- Capacity maintenance rate is less than 80%
- the electrode for the lithium ion secondary battery is cut into a rectangle having a length of 100 mm and a width of 10 mm so that the application direction of the electrode composition layer becomes a long side to obtain a test piece.
- cellophane tape (as defined in JISZ1522) is attached to the electrode composition layer surface, and one end of the current collector is pulled vertically at a pulling speed of 50 mm / min.
- Measure the stress when peeled off The cellophane tape is fixed to the test stand). This measurement is performed 3 times, the average value is calculated
- peel strength is 20 N / m or more
- volume average particle diameter of particulate copolymer The volume average particle size was measured using a particle size measuring device (Coulter LS230: manufactured by Coulter).
- the polymerization reaction was continued until the polymerization conversion reached 97%. Thereafter, the reaction system was cooled to room temperature, the polymerization reaction was stopped, and unreacted monomers were removed. Thereafter, the dispersion of the particulate copolymer (A2) was obtained by adjusting the solid content concentration to 45% and the pH of the dispersion to 7.5. The pH of the dispersion was adjusted by adding a 10% aqueous ammonia solution.
- the obtained particulate copolymer (A2) had a volume average particle diameter of 380 nm and a THF-insoluble content of 81%.
- the reaction is stopped by cooling, and the pH of the diene polymer particle aqueous dispersion having a solid content concentration of 40% is adjusted to 7.5, whereby a particulate copolymer is obtained.
- a dispersion of (A3) was obtained.
- the pH of the dispersion was adjusted by adding a 10% aqueous ammonia solution.
- the obtained particulate copolymer (A3) had a volume average particle size of 310 nm and a THF-insoluble content of 86%.
- particulate copolymer (B1) In a stainless steel pressure-resistant reactor equipped with a stirrer, 3 parts of seed latex in solid content, 40 parts of styrene, 50 parts of butyl acrylate, 2 parts of N-methylolacrylamide, 1 part of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid: 1 part, ammonium lauryl sulfate: 3 parts, and ion-exchanged water: 108 parts were added and stirred. Next, after raising the temperature in the reactor to 60 ° C., 10 parts of 4% aqueous potassium persulfate solution was added to initiate the polymerization reaction.
- the polymerization reaction was advanced, and when the polymerization conversion rate reached 70%, the reaction temperature was raised to 70 ° C. While maintaining the reaction temperature at 70 ° C., the polymerization reaction was continued until the polymerization conversion reached 95%. Thereafter, the reaction system was cooled to room temperature, the polymerization reaction was stopped, and unreacted monomers were removed. Thereafter, the dispersion of the particulate copolymer (B1) was obtained by adjusting the solid content concentration to 45% and the pH of the dispersion to 7.5. The pH of the dispersion was adjusted by adding a 10% aqueous ammonia solution. The obtained particulate copolymer (B1) had a volume average particle size of 180 nm and a THF-insoluble content of 18%.
- particulate copolymer (B2) In a stainless steel pressure-resistant reactor equipped with a stirrer, 3 parts of seed latex in solid content, 30 parts of acrylonitrile, 6 parts of styrene, 30 parts of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, 1 part of acrylic acid, 1 part of methacrylic acid Acrylamide: 2 parts, ammonium lauryl sulfate: 2.5 parts, and ion-exchanged water: 108 parts were added and stirred. Next, after raising the temperature in the reactor to 60 ° C., 10 parts of 4% aqueous potassium persulfate solution was added to initiate the polymerization reaction.
- the polymerization reaction was advanced, and when the polymerization conversion rate reached 70%, the reaction temperature was raised to 70 ° C. While maintaining the reaction temperature at 70 ° C., the polymerization reaction was continued until the polymerization conversion reached 95%. Thereafter, the reaction system was cooled to room temperature, the polymerization reaction was stopped, and unreacted monomers were removed. Thereafter, the dispersion of the particulate copolymer (B2) was obtained by adjusting the solid content concentration to 45% and the pH of the dispersion to 7.5. The pH of the dispersion was adjusted by adding a 10% aqueous ammonia solution. The obtained particulate copolymer (B2) had a volume average particle size of 120 nm and a THF-insoluble content of 22%.
- particulate copolymer (C) In a stainless steel pressure-resistant reactor equipped with a stirrer, 3 parts of seed latex in solid content, 10 parts of acrylonitrile, 6 parts of styrene, 10 parts of butyl acrylate, 60 parts of 2 ethylhexyl acrylate, 2 parts of itaconic acid, Acrylic acid: 1 part, methacrylic acid: 1 part, N-methylolacrylamide: 2 parts, ammonium lauryl sulfate: 2 parts, and ion-exchanged water: 108 parts were added and stirred.
- the reaction temperature was raised to 70 ° C. While maintaining the reaction temperature at 70 ° C., the polymerization reaction was continued until the polymerization conversion reached 93%. Thereafter, the reaction system was cooled to room temperature, the polymerization reaction was stopped, and unreacted monomers were removed. Thereafter, the dispersion of the particulate copolymer (C) was obtained by adjusting the solid content concentration to 45% and the pH of the dispersion to 7.5. The pH of the dispersion was adjusted by adding a 10% aqueous ammonia solution. The obtained particulate copolymer (C) had a volume average particle size of 200 nm and a THF-insoluble content of 58%.
- the polymerization reaction was continued until the polymerization conversion reached 93%. Thereafter, the reaction system was cooled to room temperature, the polymerization reaction was stopped, and unreacted monomers were removed. Thereafter, the dispersion of the particulate copolymer (D) was obtained by adjusting the solid content concentration to 45% and the pH of the dispersion to 7.5. The pH of the dispersion was adjusted by adding a 10% aqueous ammonia solution. The obtained particulate copolymer (D) had a volume average particle diameter of 180 nm and a THF-insoluble content of 62%.
- Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Examples 2 to 6 Manufacture of conductive adhesive composition
- a carbon material (Denka Black) is added to an aqueous solution in which a dispersant (polyvinyl alcohol) is dissolved in ion-exchanged water, and the mixture is dispersed by rotating at a high speed for 60 minutes using a bead mill.
- the conductive adhesive composition was prepared by adding and dispersing at low speed for 5 minutes in the same manner so that the solid content ratio shown in Table 1 was obtained. (Solid content 18-20%)
- the conductive adhesive is applied to the aluminum current collector with a roll bar using a casting method, and is applied to both the front and back surfaces of the current collector at a molding speed of 20 m / min.
- the film was dried for 2 minutes to form a conductive adhesive layer having a thickness of 1.2 ⁇ m.
- a 40% aqueous dispersion of the polymer was mixed with a planetary mixer so that the solid content was 3.0 parts and ion-exchanged water was 35% to prepare a positive electrode composition. .
- the positive electrode composition was applied to the front and back surfaces of the current collector at an electrode molding speed of 20 m / min on the aluminum current collector on which the conductive adhesive layer was formed, and dried at 120 ° C. for 5 minutes.
- a positive electrode for a lithium ion battery having an electrode composition layer with a thickness of 100 ⁇ m on one side was obtained by punching in a square.
- graphite (KS-6: manufactured by Timcal) having a volume average particle diameter of 3.7 ⁇ m is used as an active material for the negative electrode, and 1.5% aqueous solution of carboxymethyl cellulose ammonium as a dispersant (DN-800H: Daicel Chemical).
- DN-800H Daicel Chemical
- Kogyo Co., Ltd. 2.0 parts in terms of solid content, 5 parts of acetylene black (Denka black powder: Denki Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd.) as a conductive material, and a glass transition temperature of ⁇ 48 ° C.
- a 40% aqueous dispersion of a diene polymer having a number average particle size of 0.18 ⁇ m is mixed to a solid content equivalent to 3.0 parts, and ion-exchanged water is mixed to a total solid content concentration of 35%.
- a composition was prepared.
- the negative electrode slurry composition was applied to one side of a 18 ⁇ m thick copper foil so that the film thickness after drying was about 100 ⁇ m, dried at 60 ° C. for 20 minutes, and then at 150 ° C. for 20 minutes.
- a negative electrode active material layer was formed by heat treatment. Subsequently, it rolled with the roll press and the electrode plate for negative electrodes of thickness 50 micrometers was obtained.
- a laminated laminate cell-shaped lithium ion battery was produced.
- the electrolytic solution a solution obtained by dissolving LiPF 6 at a concentration of 1.0 mol / liter in a mixed solvent of ethylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate in a mass ratio of 1: 2 was used.
- Example 6 to 9 As a conductive adhesive composition, an aqueous solution of an isothiazoline compound was further added to a solution in which a dispersant, a carbon material, and a particulate copolymer were dispersed, and the mixture was stirred with a disper for 30 minutes.
- a lithium ion battery electrode and a lithium ion battery were produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the solid content ratio was adjusted to 1. Table 1 shows the measurement results for each characteristic of the lithium ion battery.
- Example 7 the aqueous solution of the isothiazoline compound used in Example 7 was replaced with ACTICIDE (registered trademark) 5008 (5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazoline) manufactured by SO JAPAN instead of ACTICIDE (registered trademark) MBS manufactured by SO JAPAN.
- ACTICIDE registered trademark
- 5008 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazoline
- MBS manufactured by SO JAPAN.
- CIT 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one
- MIT 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one
- Example 1 a lithium ion battery electrode and a lithium ion battery were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a 30 ⁇ m thick aluminum current collector not formed with a conductive adhesive layer was used as the positive electrode current collector. Produced. Table 1 shows the measurement results for each characteristic of the lithium ion battery.
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Abstract
Description
エチレン性不飽和カルボン酸エステル60~90質量%、二塩基酸単量体0.1~5質量%、およびこれらと共重合可能なモノオレフィン性単量体39.9~5質量%を含む単量体混合物を、乳化重合して得られる粒子状共重合体(A-I)および/または、
ジエン系モノマー20~50質量%、二塩基酸単量体0.1~5質量%、およびこれらと共重合可能なモノオレフィン性単量体79.9~50質量%を含む単量体混合物を、乳化重合して得られる粒子状共重合体(A-II)である上記(1)に記載の電気化学素子電極用導電性接着剤組成物。
本発明に係る電気化学素子電極用導電性接着剤組成物は、導電性カーボン、二塩基酸単量体単位を含む粒子状共重合体(A)、エチレン性不飽和カルボン酸アミド誘導体単位を含む粒子状共重合体(B)、及び分散媒を含み、必要に応じその他の成分を含んでいても良い。以下、各成分について説明する。
本発明に係る電気化学素子電極用導電性接着剤組成物(以下、単に「接着剤組成物」と記載することがある)に用いる導電性カーボンは、その形態は特に限定はされないが、一般的には炭素粒子である。炭素粒子とは、炭素のみからなるか、又は実質的に炭素のみからなる粒子である。その具体例としては、非局在化したπ電子の存在によって高い導電性を有する黒鉛(具体的には天然黒鉛、人造黒鉛など)、黒鉛質の炭素微結晶が数層集まって乱層構造を形成した球状集合体であるカーボンブラック(具体的にはアセチレンブラック、ケッチェンブラック、その他のファーネスブラック、チャンネルブラック、サーマルランプブラックなど)、炭素繊維やカーボンウィスカーなどが挙げられ、これらの中でも、炭素粒子が高密度に充填し、導電性接着剤層の電子移動抵抗を低減でき、さらにリチウムイオン電池の内部抵抗をより低減できる点で、黒鉛又はカーボンブラックが、特に好ましい。これらの導電性カーボンは、単独で用いてもよいが、二種類を組み合わせて用いることも出来る。
粒子状共重合体(A)は、二塩基酸単量体単位を含む。ここで、二塩基酸単量体単位とは、二塩基酸であり重合性を有する化合物から導かれる繰り返し単位である。粒子形状は真球状であっても、楕円球状であってもよく、その他の異形形状であってもよいが、球形度の高い形状であることが好ましい。
粒子状共重合体(A)は、エチレン性不飽和カルボン酸アミド誘導体単位を含む。ここで、エチレン性不飽和カルボン酸アミド誘導体単位とは、分子内にカルボン酸アミド、その誘導体またはカルボン酸アミド構造を誘導しうる前駆体構造を含み、かつエチレン性不飽和結合を有する重合性化合物から導かれる繰り返し単位である。粒子形状は真球状であっても、楕円球状であってもよく、その他の異形形状であってもよいが、球形度の高い形状であることが好ましい。
粒子状共重合体(A)の体積平均粒子径は、好ましくは200~500nm、より好ましくは300~500nm、さらに好ましくは330~450nm、特に好ましくは350~430nmである。また、粒子状共重合体(B)の体積平均粒子径は、好ましくは80~250nm、さらに好ましくは85~200nm、特に好ましくは90~180nmである。ここで体積平均粒子径は、粒子径測定機(コールターLS230:コールター社製)にて測定し、算出される体積平均粒子径である。
粒子状共重合体(A)および(B)は、その製法は特に限定はされないが、上述したように、各共重合体を構成する単量体を含む単量体混合物を、それぞれ乳化重合して得ることができる。乳化重合の方法としては、特に限定されず、従来公知の乳化重合法を採用すれば良い。
本発明に係る電気化学素子電極用導電性接着剤組成物は、上記した導電性カーボン、粒子状共重合体(A)および粒子状共重合体(B)が分散媒に分散されたスラリー状の組成物である。ここで分散媒は、上記各成分を均一に分散でき、安定的に分散状態を保ちうる限り、水、各種有機溶媒が特に制限されることなく使用できる。製造工程の簡素化の観点から、上記の乳化重合後に溶媒置換などの操作を行うことなく、直接接着剤組成物を製造することが好ましく、分散媒としては乳化重合時の反応溶媒を使用することが望ましい。乳化重合時には、水が反応溶媒として用いられることが多く、また作業環境の観点からも水を分散媒とすることが特に好ましい。
本発明に係る電気化学素子電極用導電性接着剤組成物における各成分の含有割合は特に限定はされないが、各成分の分散性や塗工性の観点から、導電性カーボンの含有割合は、好ましくは8~38質量%、さらに好ましくは10~35質量%、特に好ましくは15~30質量%であり、粒子状共重合体(A)の含有割合は好ましくは0.1~10質量%、さらに好ましくは0.5~9質量%、特に好ましくは1~8質量%であり、粒子状共重合体(B)の含有割合は、好ましくは0.1~5質量%、さらに好ましくは0.2~4質量%、特に好ましくは0.3~3質量%である。残部は、分散媒および必要に応じて添加される各種成分である。分散媒の含有割合は、好ましくは60~90質量%であり、更に好ましくは65~85質量%、特に好ましくは68~85質量%である。
防腐剤の具体例としては、イソチアゾリン化合物やハロゲン化脂肪族ニトロアルコールなどが挙げられるが、本発明において、好ましくはイソチアゾリン化合物である。
なお、本発明において、本発明の効果を妨げない範囲において、上記以外の防腐剤も使用することができ、さらに防腐剤は、それぞれ単独でまたは2種以上の組み合わせで使用することもできる。
上記構造式(1)において、Yは水素原子又は置換されていてもよい炭化水素基を示す。Yで示される置換されていてもよい炭化水素基の置換基としては、例えばヒドロキシル基、ハロゲン原子(例えば塩素、フッ素、臭素、ヨウ素等)、シアノ基、アミノ基、カルボキシル基、炭素数1~4のアルコキシ基(例えばメトキシ基、エトキシ基等)、炭素数6~10のアリールオキシ基(例えばフェノキシ基等)、炭素数1~4のアルキルチオ基(例えばメチルチオ基、エチルチオ基等)及び炭素数6~10のアリールチオ基(例えばフェニルチオ基等)等が挙げられる。前記置換基の中では、ハロゲン原子、炭素数1~4のアルコキシ基が好ましい。これらの置換基は1~5個、好ましくは1~3個の範囲で前記炭化水素基の水素を置換していてもよく、また前記置換基はそれぞれ同一でもよく、相異なっていてもよい。
前記ハロゲン原子としては、例えば、フッ素、塩素、臭素及びヨウ素が挙げられ、これらの中では塩素原子が好ましい。
これらの化合物の中では、5-クロロ-2-メチル-4-イソチアゾリン-3-オン(以下において「CIT」と表すことがある。)、2-メチル-4-イソチアゾリン-3-オン(以下において「MIT」と表すことがある。)、2-n-オクチル-4-イソチアゾリン-3-オン(以下において「OIT」と表すことがある。)、4,5-ジクロロ-2-n-オクチル-4-イソチアゾリン-3-オンが好ましく、5-クロロ-2-メチル-4-イソチアゾリン-3-オンや2-メチル-4-イソチアゾリン-3-オンがより好ましい。
本発明の接着剤付集電体は、上記の電気化学素子電極用導電性接着剤組成物を電気化学素子用集電体に塗布乾燥して得られる。
本発明の電気化学素子用電極は、上記接着剤付集電体の導電性接着剤層上に電極組成物層を有する。電極組成物層は、電極活物質と電極用導電材および電極用バインダーとからなり、これら成分を含むスラリーから調整される。
電極活物質は負極活物質であってもよく、また正極活物質であってもよい。電極活物質は、電池内で電子の受け渡しをする物質である。電極活物質の体積平均粒子径は、正極、負極ともに通常0.01~100μm、好ましくは0.05~50μm、より好ましくは0.1~20μmである。これらの電極活物質は、それぞれ単独でまたは二種類以上を組み合わせて使用することができる。
電極用導電材は、導電性を有し、電気二重層を形成し得る細孔を有さない、粒子状の炭素の同素体からなり、具体的には、ファーネスブラック、アセチレンブラック、及びケッチェンブラック(アクゾノーベルケミカルズベスローテンフェンノートシャップ社の登録商標)などの導電性カーボンブラックが挙げられる。これらの中でも、アセチレンブラックおよびファーネスブラックが好ましい。
電極用バインダーは、電極活物質、導電材を相互に結着させることができる化合物であれば特に制限はない。好適なバインダーは、溶媒に分散する性質のある分散型バインダーである。分散型バインダーとして、例えば、フッ素重合体、ジエン重合体、アクリレート重合体、ポリイミド、ポリアミド、ポリウレタン重合体等の高分子化合物が挙げられ、フッ素重合体、ジエン重合体又はアクリレート重合体が好ましく、ジエン重合体又はアクリレート重合体が、耐電圧を高くでき、かつリチウムイオン電池のエネルギー密度を高くすることができる点でより好ましい。
電極組成物層は、導電性接着剤層上に設けられるが、その形成方法は制限されない。電極形成用組成物は、電極活物質、導電材及びバインダーを必須成分として、必要に応じてその他の分散剤および添加剤を配合することができる。その他の分散剤の具体例としては、カルボキシメチルセルロース、メチルセルロース、エチルセルロースおよびヒドロキシプロピルセルロースなどのセルロース系ポリマー、ならびにこれらのアンモニウム塩またはアルカリ金属塩;ポリ(メタ)アクリル酸ナトリウムなどのポリ(メタ)アクリル酸塩;ポリビニルアルコール、変性ポリビニルアルコール、ポリエチレンオキシド、ポリビニルピロリドン、ポリカルボン酸、酸化スターチ、リン酸スターチ、カゼイン、各種変性デンプンなどが挙げられる。これらの分散剤は、それぞれ単独でまたは2種以上を組み合わせて使用できる。中でも、セルロース系ポリマーが好ましく、カルボキシメチルセルロースまたはそのアンモニウム塩もしくはアルカリ金属塩が特に好ましい。これらの分散剤の量は、格別な限定はないが、電極活物質100質量部に対して、通常は0.1~10質量部、好ましくは0.5~5質量部、より好ましくは0.8~2質量部の範囲である。
前記電気化学素子用電極の使用態様としては、かかる電極を用いたリチウムイオン二次電池、電気二重層キャパシタ、リチウムイオンキャパシタ、ナトリウム電池、マグネシウム電池などが挙げられ、リチウムイオン二次電池が好適である。たとえばリチウムイオン二次電池は、上記電気化学素子用電極、セパレータおよび電解液で構成される。
セパレータは、電気化学素子用電極の間を絶縁でき、陽イオンおよび陰イオンを通過させることができるものであれば特に限定されない。具体的には、(a)気孔部を有する多孔性セパレータ、(b)片面または両面に高分子コート層が形成された多孔性セパレータ、または(c)無機セラミック粉末を含む多孔質の樹脂コート層が形成された多孔性セパレータが挙げられる。これらの非制限的な例としては、ポリプロピレン系、ポリエチレン系、ポリオレフィン系、またはアラミド系多孔性セパレーター、ポリビニリデンフルオリド、ポリエチレンオキシド、ポリアクリロニトリルまたはポリビニリデンフルオリドヘキサフルオロプロピレン共重合体などの固体高分子電解質用またはゲル状高分子電解質用の高分子フィルム、ゲル化高分子コート層がコートされたセパレータ、または無機フィラー、無機フィラー用分散剤からなる多孔膜層がコートされたセパレータなどを用いることができる。セパレータは、上記一対の電極組成物層が対向するように、電気化学素子用電極の間に配置され、素子が得られる。セパレータの厚みは、使用目的に応じて適宜選択されるが、通常は1~100μm、好ましくは10~80μm、より好ましくは20~60μmである。
電解液は、特に限定されないが、例えば、非水系の溶媒に支持電解質としてリチウム塩を溶解したものが使用できる。リチウム塩としては、例えば、LiPF6、LiAsF6、LiBF4、LiSbF6、LiAlCl4、LiClO4、CF3SO3Li、C4F9SO3Li、CF3COOLi、(CF3CO)2NLi、(CF3SO2)2NLi、(C2F5SO2)NLiなどのリチウム塩が挙げられる。特に溶媒に溶けやすく高い解離度を示すLiPF6、LiClO4、CF3SO3Liは好適に用いられる。これらは、単独、または2種以上を混合して用いることができる。支持電解質の量は、電解液に対して、通常1質量%以上、好ましくは5質量%以上、また通常は30質量%以下、好ましくは20質量%以下である。支持電解質の量が少なすぎても多すぎてもイオン導電度は低下し電池の充電特性、放電特性が低下する。
アルミニウム集電体に形成された導電性接着剤層表面の外観を目視で判断した。導電性接着剤層表面に欠陥が無い場合をA、ピンホールや、直径1μm以下のクレーターが見られる場合をB、直径1μm以上のクレーターや、亀裂が見られる場合をCとした。
実施例および比較例で製造するリチウムイオン二次電池用電極を用いてコイン型のリチウムイオン二次電池を作製する。このリチウムイオン二次電池の電池特性として、容量と内部抵抗について、24時間静置させた後に充放電の操作を行い測定する。ここで、充電は定電流で開始し、電圧が4.0Vに達したらその電圧を1時間保って定電圧充電とする。また、放電は充電終了直後に定電流で2.0Vに達するまで行う。
サイクル寿命は、リチウムイオン二次電池を、70℃の恒温槽内で充放電サイクルを繰り返し、100サイクル後の初期容量に対する容量維持率を算出し、以下の基準で評価を行う。容量維持率が大きいほど耐久性に優れる。
SA:容量維持率が93%以上
A:容量維持率が90%以上93%未満
B:容量維持率が80%以上90%未満
C:容量維持率が80%未満
電極組成物層の塗布方向が長辺となるようにリチウムイオン二次電池用電極を長さ100mm、幅10mmの長方形に切り出して試験片とする。試験片の電極組成物層面を下にして、電極組成物層表面にセロハンテープ(JISZ1522に規定されるもの)を貼り付け、集電体の一端を引張り速度50mm/分で垂直方向に引張り、テープを剥がしたときの応力を測定する(なお、セロハンテープは試験台に固定されている。)。この測定を3回行い、その平均値を求めてこれをピール強度とし、以下の基準で評価する。ピール強度が大きいほど電極組成物層の集電体への結着力が大きい、すなわち電極強度が大きいことを示す。
A:ピール強度が20N/m以上
B:ピール強度が10N/m以上20N/m未満
C:ピール強度が10N/m未満
長期保存試験は、リチウムイオン二次電池を4.2Vまで充電し、45℃の恒温槽内で30日間保管した後、保持容量と初期容量から容量維持率(保持容量/初期容量)を算出し、以下の基準で評価を行う。容量維持率が大きいほど長期保存特性に優れる。
A:容量維持率が90%以上
B:容量維持率が70%以上90%未満
C:容量維持率が70%未満
体積平均粒子径は、粒子径測定機(コールターLS230:コールター社製)を用いて、測定した。
<粒子状共重合体(A1)の製造>
攪拌装置を備えたステンレス製耐圧反応器に、シードラテックス(スチレン38部、メチルメタアクリレート60部及びメタクリル酸2部を重合して得られる、粒子径70nmの重合体粒子のラテックス)を固形分にて3部、ブチルアクリレート:10部、2エチルヘキシルアクリレート:56部、イタコン酸:1部、スチレン6部、アンモニウムラウリルサルフェート(アニオン性界面活性剤):2部、およびイオン交換水:108部を添加し、攪拌した。次いで、反応器内の温度を60℃に昇温した後、4%過硫酸カリウム水溶液:10部を投入して重合反応を開始させた。そして、重合反応を進行させ、重合転化率が70%に達したとき、反応温度を70℃に昇温した。反応温度を70℃に維持しながら、重合転化率が97%に達するまで、重合反応を継続した。反応系を室温まで冷却して、重合反応を停止し、減圧して未反応単量体を除去した。イオン交換水を添加し、固形分濃度を45%、分散液のpHを7.5に調整することにより、粒子状共重合体(A1)の分散液を得た。なお、分散液のpHの調整は、10%アンモニア水溶液を添加することにより行った。得られた粒子状共重合体(A1)の体積平均粒子径は、320nm、THF不溶分は88%であった。
攪拌装置を備えたステンレス製耐圧反応器に、シードラテックスを固形分にて3部、スチレン:6部、2エチルヘキシルアクリレート:60部、アクリル酸:1部、イタコン酸:3部、アンモニウムラウリルサルフェート:2部、およびイオン交換水:108部を添加し、攪拌した。次いで、反応器内の温度を60℃に昇温した後、4%過硫酸カリウム水溶液:10部を投入して重合反応を開始させた。そして、重合反応を進行させ、重合転化率が70%に達したとき、反応温度を70℃に昇温した。反応温度を70℃に維持しながら、重合転化率が97%に達するまで、重合反応を継続した。その後、反応系を室温まで冷却して、重合反応を停止し、未反応単量体を除去した。その後、固形分濃度を45%、分散液のpHを7.5に調整することにより、粒子状共重合体(A2)の分散液を得た。なお、分散液のpHの調整は、10%アンモニア水溶液を添加することにより行った。得られた粒子状共重合体(A2)の体積平均粒子径は、380nm、THF不溶分は81%であった。
攪拌機付き5MPa耐圧容器に、スチレン60部、1,3-ブタジエン37部、イタコン酸3部、ドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸ナトリウム5部、イオン交換水150部、及び重合開始剤として過硫酸カリウム1部を入れ、十分に攪拌した後、50℃に加温して重合を開始した。重合転化率が65%となった時点で、反応温度を70℃へ昇温した。
モノマー消費量が95.0%になった時点で冷却し反応を止め、固形分濃度40%のジエン系重合体粒子水分散液のpHを7.5に調整することにより、粒子状共重合体(A3)の分散液を得た。なお、分散液のpHの調整は、10%アンモニア水溶液を添加することにより行った。得られた粒子状共重合体(A3)の体積平均粒子径は、310nm、THF不溶分は86%であった。
攪拌装置を備えたステンレス製耐圧反応器に、シードラテックスを固形分にて3部、スチレン:40部、ブチルアクリレート:50部、N-メチロールアクリルアミド:2部、アクリル酸:1部、メタクリル酸:1部、アンモニウムラウリルサルフェート:3部、およびイオン交換水:108部を添加し、攪拌した。次いで、反応器内の温度を60℃に昇温した後、4%過硫酸カリウム水溶液:10部を投入して重合反応を開始させた。そして、重合反応を進行させ、重合転化率が70%に達したとき、反応温度を70℃に昇温した。反応温度を70℃に維持しながら、重合転化率が95%に達するまで、重合反応を継続した。その後、反応系を室温まで冷却して、重合反応を停止し、未反応単量体を除去した。その後、固形分濃度を45%、分散液のpHを7.5に調整することにより、粒子状共重合体(B1)の分散液を得た。なお、分散液のpHの調整は、10%アンモニア水溶液を添加することにより行った。得られた粒子状共重合体(B1)の体積平均粒子径は、180nm、THF不溶分は18%であった。
攪拌装置を備えたステンレス製耐圧反応器に、シードラテックスを固形分にて3部、アクリロニトリル:30部、スチレン:6部、2エチルヘキシルアクリレート:30部、アクリル酸:1部、メタクリル酸:1部、アクリルアミド:2部、アンモニウムラウリルサルフェート:2.5部、およびイオン交換水:108部を添加し、攪拌した。次いで、反応器内の温度を60℃に昇温した後、4%過硫酸カリウム水溶液:10部を投入して重合反応を開始させた。そして、重合反応を進行させ、重合転化率が70%に達したとき、反応温度を70℃に昇温した。反応温度を70℃に維持しながら、重合転化率が95%に達するまで、重合反応を継続した。その後、反応系を室温まで冷却して、重合反応を停止し、未反応単量体を除去した。その後、固形分濃度を45%、分散液のpHを7.5に調整することにより、粒子状共重合体(B2)の分散液を得た。なお、分散液のpHの調整は、10%アンモニア水溶液を添加することにより行った。得られた粒子状共重合体(B2)の体積平均粒子径は、120nm、THF不溶分は22%であった。
攪拌装置を備えたステンレス製耐圧反応器に、シードラテックスを固形分にて3部、アクリロニトリル10部、スチレン:6部、ブチルアクリレート:10部、2エチルヘキシルアクリレート:60部、イタコン酸:2部、アクリル酸:1部、メタクリル酸:1部、N-メチロールアクリルアミド:2部、アンモニウムラウリルサルフェート:2部、およびイオン交換水:108部を添加し、攪拌した。次いで、反応器内の温度を60℃に昇温した後、4%過硫酸カリウム水溶液:10部を投入して重合反応を開始させた。重合反応を進行させ、重合転化率が70%に達したとき、反応温度を70℃に昇温した。反応温度を70℃に維持しながら、重合転化率が93%に達するまで、重合反応を継続した。その後、反応系を室温まで冷却して、重合反応を停止し、未反応単量体を除去した。その後、固形分濃度を45%、分散液のpHを7.5に調整することにより、粒子状共重合体(C)の分散液を得た。なお、分散液のpHの調整は、10%アンモニア水溶液を添加することにより行った。得られた粒子状共重合体(C)の体積平均粒子径は、200nm、THF不溶分は58%であった。
攪拌装置を備えたステンレス製耐圧反応器に、シードラテックスを固形分にて3部、スチレン:27部、ブチルアクリレート:70部、アンモニウムラウリルサルフェート:2部、およびイオン交換水:108部を添加し、攪拌した。次いで、反応器内の温度を60℃に昇温した後、4%過硫酸カリウム水溶液:10部を投入して重合反応を開始させた。重合反応を進行させ、重合転化率が70%に達したとき、反応温度を70℃に昇温した。反応温度を70℃に維持しながら、重合転化率が93%に達するまで、重合反応を継続した。その後、反応系を室温まで冷却して、重合反応を停止し、未反応単量体を除去した。その後、固形分濃度を45%、分散液のpHを7.5に調整することにより、粒子状共重合体(D)の分散液を得た。なお、分散液のpHの調整は、10%アンモニア水溶液を添加することにより行った。得られた粒子状共重合体(D)の体積平均粒子径は、180nm、THF不溶分は62%であった。
(導電性接着剤組成物の製造)
イオン交換水に分散剤(ポリビニルアルコール)を溶かした水溶液へ、炭素材料(デンカブラック)を添加し、ビーズミルを用いて60分間高速回転して分散した後、さらに粒子状共重合体の分散液を添加して、同様に5分間低速回転で分散し、表1に記載の固形分比率となるように導電性接着剤組成物を作製した。(固形分濃度18~20%)
アルミニウム集電体に前記導電性接着剤を、キャスト法を用いてロールバーで塗布し、20m/分の成形速度で集電体の表裏両面に塗布し、60℃で1分間、引き続き120℃で2分間乾燥して、厚さ1.2μmの導電性接着剤層を形成した。
正極の電極活物質として、体積平均粒子径が8μmのコバルト酸リチウムを100部、分散剤としてカルボキシメチルセルロースアンモニウムの1.5%水溶液(DN-800Hlダイセル化学工業社製)を固形分相当で2.0部、導電材としてアセチレンブラック(デンカブラック粉状:電気化学工業社製)を5部、電極組成物用バインダーとしてガラス転移温度が-28℃で、数平均粒子径が0.25μmのアクリレート系重合体の40%水分散体を固形分相当で3.0部、およびイオン交換水を全固形分濃度が35%となるようにプラネタリーミキサーにより混合し、正極の電極用組成物を調製した。
前記正極、負極及びセパレータを用いて、積層型ラミネートセル形状のリチウムイオン電池を作製した。電解液としてはエチレンカーボネート、ジエチルカーボネートを質量比で1:2とした混合溶媒に、LiPF6を1.0mol/リットルの濃度で溶解させたものを用いた。
実施例6~9において、導電性接着剤組成物として、分散剤、炭素材料および粒子状共重合体を分散した溶液に、さらにイソチアゾリン化合物の水溶液を添加し、ディスパーにより30分間攪拌して、表1に記載の固形分比率となるように調整した他は、実施例1と同様にしてリチウムイオン電池用電極、リチウムイオン電池を作製した。このリチウムイオン電池の各特性について測定結果を表1に示す。
Claims (11)
- 導電性カーボン、二塩基酸単量体単位を含む粒子状共重合体(A)、エチレン性不飽和カルボン酸アミド誘導体単位を含む粒子状共重合体(B)、及び分散媒を含む、電気化学素子電極用導電性接着剤組成物。
- 前記粒子状共重合体(A)が、
エチレン性不飽和カルボン酸エステル60~90質量%、二塩基酸単量体0.1~5質量%、およびこれらと共重合可能なモノオレフィン性単量体39.9~5質量%を含む単量体混合物を、乳化重合して得られる粒子状共重合体(A-I)および/または、
ジエン系モノマー20~50質量%、二塩基酸単量体0.1~5質量%、およびこれらと共重合可能なモノオレフィン性単量体79.9~50質量%を含む単量体混合物を、乳化重合して得られる粒子状共重合体(A-II)である請求項1に記載の電気化学素子電極用導電性接着剤組成物。 - 前記粒子状共重合体(B)が、エチレン性不飽和カルボン酸単量体1~5質量%、エチレン性不飽和カルボン酸アミド誘導体0.1~3質量%、およびこれらと共重合可能なモノオレフィン性単量体35~90質量%を含む単量体混合物を、乳化重合して得られる乳化重合して得られる粒子状共重合体である請求項1または2に記載の電気化学素子電極用導電性接着剤組成物。
- 導電性カーボンの含有割合が8~38質量%、粒子状共重合体(A)の含有割合が1~4質量%、粒子状共重合体(B)の含有割合が0.1~1質量%、分散媒の含有割合が60~90質量%である、請求項1~3の何れかに記載の電気化学素子電極用導電性接着剤組成物。
- イソチアゾリン系化合物を導電性カーボンに対して0.01~1.0質量%含有してなる請求項1~4の何れかに記載の電気化学素子電極用導電性接着剤組成物。
- 前記粒子状共重合体(A)の体積平均粒子径が200~500nmである請求項1~5の何れかに記載の電気化学素子電極用導電性接着剤組成物。
- 前記粒子状共重合体(B)の体積平均粒子径が80~250nmである請求項1~6の何れかに記載の電気化学素子電極用導電性接着剤組成物。
- 集電体上に、請求項1~7の何れかに記載の電気化学素子電極用導電性接着剤組成物を塗布・乾燥してなる導電性接着剤層を有する、接着剤層付集電体。
- 集電体上に、導電性カーボン、二塩基酸単量体単位を含む粒子状共重合体(A)、エチレン性不飽和カルボン酸アミド誘導体単量体単位を含む粒子状共重合体(B)を含む導電性接着剤層を有する、接着剤層付集電体。
- 前記導電性接着剤層の厚さが0.5~5μmである、請求項8または9に記載の接着剤層付集電体。
- 請求項8~10の何れかに記載の接着剤層付集電体の、導電性接着剤層上に、電極活物質を含む電極組成物層を有する、電気化学素子用電極。
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JP5942992B2 (ja) | 2016-06-29 |
US20140154569A1 (en) | 2014-06-05 |
CN103718355A (zh) | 2014-04-09 |
CN103718355B (zh) | 2016-10-05 |
KR101959962B1 (ko) | 2019-03-19 |
KR20140051893A (ko) | 2014-05-02 |
US10014528B2 (en) | 2018-07-03 |
JPWO2013018887A1 (ja) | 2015-03-05 |
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