WO2013005373A1 - 車両用空調装置 - Google Patents
車両用空調装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2013005373A1 WO2013005373A1 PCT/JP2012/003803 JP2012003803W WO2013005373A1 WO 2013005373 A1 WO2013005373 A1 WO 2013005373A1 JP 2012003803 W JP2012003803 W JP 2012003803W WO 2013005373 A1 WO2013005373 A1 WO 2013005373A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- temperature
- cooling water
- heating
- air
- heater core
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 101
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 181
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 156
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 20
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/02—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00814—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
- B60H1/00878—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices
- B60H1/00899—Controlling the flow of liquid in a heat pump system
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00814—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
- B60H1/00878—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices
- B60H2001/00928—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices comprising a secondary circuit
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
- B64D13/00—Arrangements or adaptations of air-treatment apparatus for aircraft crew or passengers, or freight space
- B64D13/06—Arrangements or adaptations of air-treatment apparatus for aircraft crew or passengers, or freight space the air being conditioned
- B64D13/08—Arrangements or adaptations of air-treatment apparatus for aircraft crew or passengers, or freight space the air being conditioned the air being heated or cooled
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a vehicle air conditioner that uses, for example, waste heat of a fuel cell vehicle or a hybrid vehicle for heating the air conditioner.
- a fuel cell has an optimum operating temperature range (for example, a temperature that maximizes power generation efficiency) according to the characteristics of the fuel cell itself, and the operating temperature of the fuel cell is controlled within the optimum operating temperature range. Therefore, it is desired to control the temperature of the coolant of the fuel cell within a predetermined range.
- optimum operating temperature range for example, a temperature that maximizes power generation efficiency
- the fuel cell cooling circuit when heating the vehicle, the fuel cell cooling circuit is connected to the air conditioning circuit, and the cooling water of the fuel cell cooling circuit is used for heating. Control is performed so that the amount of heat generated and the amount of heat released are balanced. For example, if the heat generation amount is small, the electric heater is operated to compensate for the shortage of the heat generation amount with the electric heater so that the cooling water temperature of the fuel cell cooling circuit does not fluctuate (decrease significantly).
- the temperature of the coolant at the outlet side of the fuel cell is detected, and based on this outlet temperature, the adjustment of the amount of heat generated in the fuel cell system, or the connection and disconnection of the fuel cell cooling circuit and the air conditioning circuit are controlled, thereby cooling the fuel cell
- the temperature of the cooling water in the circuit is controlled within a predetermined range.
- Patent Document 2 As a conventional vehicle air conditioner, for example, the one shown in Patent Document 2 is known.
- the vehicle air conditioner of Patent Document 2 is applied to a vehicle that uses a fuel cell as a driving source, and a heater core that heats air for air conditioning using cooling water of the fuel cell as a heating source and a high-temperature refrigerant of the heat pump device.
- a first heating indoor unit that heats air for air conditioning and a second heating indoor unit are provided as heating sources.
- the heater core, the first heating indoor unit, and the second heating indoor unit are arranged in the air conditioning case from the upstream side to the downstream side of the air for air conditioning. Are arranged in this order.
- the air-conditioned air is heated as follows. That is, when the cooling water temperature exceeds the target blowout air temperature + 5 ° C., the heat pump device is stopped and the air conditioning air is heated only by the heater core.
- the heat pump device is activated to heat the air-conditioning air using the first and second heating indoor units and the heater core. I am doing so.
- the air-conditioning air heated by the heater core can be further heated by the first heating indoor unit, and the cooling water can be used as a heating heat source even when the cooling water temperature is low.
- the temperature of the cooling water of the fuel cell is lower than the reference cooling water temperature and the fuel cell is warmed up (warm-up operation mode)
- the heater core that is, the cooling water for the fuel cell is heated.
- the vehicle air conditioner disclosed in Patent Document 2 requires two heating indoor units and is difficult to mount in the air conditioning case.
- the cooling water of the heater core can be heated by the second heating indoor unit, but the conditioned air is heated by the second heating indoor unit. After that, since the temperature drops after passing through the heater core, the cooled conditioned air is blown out into the passenger compartment, impairing the comfort for the passenger.
- An object of the present disclosure is to provide a vehicle that can suitably perform air conditioning with a simple configuration and can keep the temperature of the fuel cell or engine constant while effectively using less waste heat in a fuel cell or hybrid vehicle engine. It is to provide an air-conditioning apparatus.
- a vehicle air conditioner includes a heater core that heats air for air conditioning using a cooling water of a cooling circuit that cools a fuel cell of a fuel cell vehicle or an engine of a hybrid vehicle as a heating source, A heating heat exchanger that is disposed upstream of the air flow direction of the air conditioning air with respect to the heater core and heats the air conditioning air by using a refrigerant circulating in the heat pump cycle as a heating source; A control unit that controls the operation of the heat pump cycle so as to change the target heating temperature set as the temperature target value of the air-conditioning air heated by the heating heat exchanger according to the temperature of the cooling water.
- a heater core and a heat exchanger for heating are provided as heating means for heating air for air conditioning.
- a control part controls the action
- the control unit changes the target heating temperature in the heating heat exchanger with respect to the heating capacity of the heater core obtained according to the temperature of the cooling water, so that the heating capacity deficiency of the heater core is reduced by the heating heat exchanger. It can be supplemented, and the required heating performance can be ensured by the heater core and the heat exchanger for heating.
- the heater core it is only necessary to heat the air-conditioning air according to the temperature of the cooling water, so that an excessive amount of heat is not released from the cooling water for heating, and the temperature of the cooling water is kept constant. Can keep. That is, the temperature of the fuel cell or engine can be kept constant.
- the cooling water in the heater core can be heated by changing the target heating temperature in the heating heat exchanger. Heating performance can be ensured while heating with air-conditioning air heated by the heat exchanger.
- a vehicle air conditioner capable of suitably air-conditioning with a simple configuration and keeping the temperature of the fuel cell or engine constant while effectively utilizing less waste heat in the engine of the fuel cell or hybrid vehicle. Can be provided.
- the cooling circuit is provided with a bypass flow path for cooling water to bypass the heater core,
- the controller causes the cooling water to flow through the bypass flow path when the temperature of the cooling water is lower than the heating possible temperature at which heating by the heater core is possible.
- the cooling water when the temperature of the cooling water is lower than the heatable temperature, the cooling water is allowed to flow in the heater core so that the cooling water does not flow in the heater core. . Therefore, the air-conditioning air is heated only by the heating heat exchanger, so that the heat of the cooling water is not released from the heater core to the air-conditioning air, and the temperature of the cooling water can be kept constant. That is, the temperature of the fuel cell or engine can be kept constant.
- the control unit increases the target heating temperature as the temperature of the cooling water increases at least in the first predetermined temperature range of the cooling water.
- the target heating temperature is set higher as the temperature of the cooling water becomes lower at least in the second predetermined temperature range of the cooling water.
- the control unit when the temperature of the cooling water is higher than the heatable temperature, the control unit mainly sets the target heating temperature lower as the temperature of the cooling water becomes higher at least in the first predetermined temperature range.
- the control unit sets the target heating temperature higher as the temperature of the cooling water becomes lower at least in the second predetermined temperature range, thereby heating obtained by the heater core. It is possible to secure the required heating performance by the heater core and the heating heat exchanger by making up for the shortage by using the heating heat exchanger while utilizing the capacity as it is.
- control unit sets the target heating temperature to the same value as the temperature of the cooling water when the temperature of the cooling water is lower than the heatable temperature at which heating by the heater core is possible.
- the temperature of the air-conditioning air heated by the heating heat exchanger it is possible to eliminate a temperature difference between the temperature of the air-conditioning air heated by the heating heat exchanger and the temperature of the cooling water in the heater core. Therefore, when the temperature of the cooling water is lower than the heatable temperature, the heat of the cooling water in the heater core is not released to the air-conditioning air, and the heat of the cooling water can be maintained in the cooling circuit. That is, the temperature of the fuel cell or engine can be kept constant.
- control unit sets the target heating temperature to a value higher than the temperature of the cooling water when the temperature of the cooling water is lower than the heating possible temperature at which heating by the heater core is possible.
- the temperature of the air-conditioning air heated by the heating heat exchanger is always heated to a value higher than the temperature of the cooling water. Therefore, the cooling water in the heater core, which is on the downstream side of the air conditioning air flow with respect to the heating heat exchanger, can be heated by the air conditioning air heated by the heating heat exchanger. That is, when the temperature of the cooling water is lower than the heatable temperature, the low-temperature cooling water can be actively warmed up.
- the drawing It is a block diagram which shows the whole structure of the vehicle air conditioner in 1st Embodiment. It is a control flowchart which a control device performs at the time of heating operation. 6 is a determination map for determining whether cooling water can be heated. It is a determination map for determining a blowing temperature target value when performing cooperative control operation. It is a determination map for determining the blowing temperature target value at the time of warm-up operation. It is a determination map for determining the blowing temperature target value in 2nd Embodiment. It is a determination map for determining the blowing temperature target value in 3rd Embodiment.
- the vehicle air conditioner 100 is mounted on a fuel cell vehicle (electric vehicle EV) including, for example, a travel motor as a travel drive source and a fuel cell 111 as power supply means for the travel motor. It is an air conditioner.
- the vehicle air conditioner 100 includes a heater core 116, a heat pump cycle 120, an indoor unit 130, a control device 140, and the like provided in a cooling circuit 110 that cools the fuel cell 111.
- the cooling circuit 110 is a circuit for cooling the fuel cell 111.
- a bypass channel 117, a switching valve 118, a water temperature sensor 119, and the like are provided and formed.
- the fuel cell 111 is a battery that generates electric power by utilizing an electrochemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen.
- the fuel cell 111 is formed by housing a fuel cell stack formed by connecting a plurality of cells each having a polymer electrolyte membrane sandwiched between a positive electrode and a negative electrode in an outer casing. .
- the fuel cell 111 needs to be maintained at a constant temperature (for example, 80 ° C. or lower) during operation to ensure power generation efficiency. Cooling water as a cooling medium can be circulated in the outer casing of the fuel cell 111 so that the operating temperature of the fuel cell 111 is adjusted (cooled) to a certain temperature or less by the circulating cooling water. It has become.
- the pump 112 is an electric fluid machine that is driven by an electric motor (not shown).
- the pump 112 is configured to circulate cooling water through the radiator 113 or the bypass channel 114 in the circulation channel 110a, and further through the heater core 116 or the bypass channel 117.
- the radiator 113 is a heat-dissipating heat exchanger that cools the cooling water whose temperature has been increased by the fuel cell 111, and is disposed, for example, in the front of the engine room behind the grill.
- the radiator 113 is provided with a blower fan (not shown). The radiator 113 cools the cooling water with the cooling air supplied by the blower fan.
- the bypass flow path 114 is a flow path that bypasses the radiator 113 in the circulation flow path 110a.
- the bypass flow path 114 is formed so as to branch from the circulation flow path 110a on the cooling water inlet side of the radiator 113 and join the circulation flow path 110a on the cooling water outlet side of the radiator 113.
- the switching valve 115 is a flow path switching means for switching the flow path of the cooling water in the cooling circuit 110 to the radiator 113 side or the bypass flow path 114 side, and is provided at a branch point where the bypass flow path 114 branches from the circulation flow path 110a. It has been.
- the switching valve 115 opens the radiator 113 side and closes the bypass flow path 114 side by a valve provided therein, and when the cooling water flows through the radiator 113 and opens the bypass flow path 114 side and closes the radiator 113 side. Thus, the cooling water can be switched to the case where it flows through the bypass flow path 114.
- the opening and closing of the internal valve of the switching valve 115 is controlled by the control device 140.
- the switching valve 115 may be a thermostat in which the opening degree of the internal valve changes according to the temperature of the cooling water.
- the heater core 116 is a heating means for heating (heat exchanger for heating) that heats air for air conditioning flowing through the air conditioning case 131 using cooling water as a heating source.
- the heater core 116 is disposed in the air conditioning case 131 on the downstream side of the air flow for air conditioning.
- a cooling water passage is formed inside the heater core 116. When the cooling water flows through the cooling water passage, the heater core 116 releases the heat of the cooling water to the air-conditioning air passing through the heater core 116 itself. The air is heated.
- the bypass channel 117 is a channel that bypasses the heater core 116 in the circulation channel 110a.
- the bypass channel 117 is formed so as to branch from the circulation channel 110a on the cooling water inlet side of the heater core 116 and merge with the circulation channel 110a on the cooling water outlet side of the heater core 116.
- the switching valve 118 is channel switching means for switching the cooling water channel in the cooling circuit 110 to the heater core 116 side or the bypass channel 117 side, and is provided at a branch point where the bypass channel 117 branches from the circulation channel 110a. It has been. Similarly to the switching valve 115 described above, the switching valve 118 opens the heater core 116 side and closes the bypass flow path 117 side by a valve provided inside, and the case where the coolant flows through the heater core 116 and the bypass flow path. By switching the 117 side and closing the heater core 116 side, the cooling water can be switched to the case where it flows through the bypass flow path 117. The opening and closing of the internal valve of the switching valve 118 is controlled by the control device 140.
- the water temperature sensor 119 is temperature detection means for detecting the temperature of the cooling water in the cooling circuit 110.
- the water temperature sensor 119 is disposed between the junction of the circulation flow path 110a of the bypass flow path 117 and the fuel cell 111, and detects the temperature of the cooling water flowing out from the heater core 116 or the bypass flow path 117. It is like that.
- Temperature signal of cooling water detected by the water temperature sensor 119 (hereinafter, the cooling water temperature) T FC is adapted to be outputted to the control unit 140.
- the heat pump cycle 120 is a heat cycle for heating or cooling the passenger compartment, and the compressor 121, the indoor heat exchanger 122, the first throttle 123, the outdoor heat exchange are provided in the refrigerant flow path 120a through which the refrigerant circulates.
- the second throttle 125, the evaporator 126, the accumulator 127, and the like, and the shut-off valve 129 is provided in the branch flow path 128.
- the indoor heat exchanger 122 and the evaporator 128 are disposed in the vehicle interior (inside the instrument panel) as components of the indoor unit 130 described later, and others.
- These devices (121, 123 to 127, 129) are disposed in an engine room in which a vehicle driving motor is accommodated.
- the compressor 121 is an electric fluid machine that is driven by an electric motor (not shown) and compresses and discharges the refrigerant in the heat pump cycle 120 to a high temperature and a high pressure, and the discharge amount of the refrigerant is adjusted according to the operating rotational speed. It has become so.
- the electric power supplied from the battery 121b is adjusted by the inverter 121a, so that the operating rotational speed and the refrigerant discharge amount of the compressor 121 are controlled.
- the operation of power adjustment by the inverter 121a is controlled by the control device 140.
- the indoor heat exchanger 122 is a heating means (heating heat exchanger) for heating air-conditioning air flowing in the air-conditioning case 131 using a high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the compressor 121 as a heating source.
- the indoor heat exchanger 122 is disposed in the air conditioning case 131 so as to be adjacent to the heater core 116 on the upstream side of the air flow for air conditioning.
- a refrigerant flow path is formed inside the indoor heat exchanger 122, and when the refrigerant flows through the refrigerant flow path, the indoor heat exchanger 122 passes the heat of the refrigerant through the indoor heat exchanger 122 itself. And air conditioning air is heated.
- the first throttle 123 is a throttle section that allows the throttle opening to be adjusted from a fully open opening that is equivalent to the flow path cross-sectional area of the refrigerant flow path 120a to a predetermined throttle opening.
- the opening degree of the first diaphragm 123 is controlled by the control device 140.
- the outdoor heat exchanger 124 is a heat exchanger that exchanges heat between the refrigerant flowing out of the first throttle 123 and the external heat exchange air.
- the outdoor heat exchanger 124 is disposed adjacent to the rear of the radiator 113 in the engine room, for example. Electric fans 124 a and 124 b that supply heat exchange air to the radiator 113 and the outdoor heat exchanger 124 are provided on the vehicle rear side of the outdoor heat exchanger 124.
- the throttle opening degree of the first throttle 123 is controlled to the fully open opening degree, and the refrigerant flowing out from the indoor heat exchanger 122 is not decompressed but remains at high temperature and high pressure while performing outdoor heat exchange.
- the outdoor heat exchanger 124 functions as a cooling heat exchanger that cools the refrigerant by heat exchange air.
- the throttle opening degree of the first throttle 123 is controlled to a predetermined throttle opening degree, and the refrigerant flowing out from the indoor heat exchanger 122 is decompressed to a low temperature and a low pressure to be outdoor. It flows into the heat exchanger 124. Therefore, the outdoor heat exchanger 124 functions as a heat absorption heat exchanger that absorbs heat from the heat exchange air.
- the second throttle 125 is a decompression unit that decompresses the refrigerant flowing out of the outdoor heat exchanger 124 with the throttle opening degree adjusted.
- the opening degree of the second diaphragm 123 is controlled by the control device 140.
- the evaporator 126 is a heat exchanger that cools the air-conditioning air by exchanging heat between the refrigerant decompressed by the second throttle 125 and the air-conditioning air flowing through the air-conditioning case 131.
- the evaporator 126 is disposed in the air conditioning case 131 so as to cross the entire flow path.
- the evaporator 126 is disposed in the air conditioning case 131 on the upstream side of the air flow for air conditioning with respect to the indoor heat exchanger 122.
- the accumulator 127 is a gas-liquid separation unit that receives a refrigerant flowing out of the evaporator 126 or a refrigerant flowing through a branch channel 128 described later, separates the gas-liquid of the refrigerant, stores the liquid refrigerant, A small amount of liquid refrigerant (in which oil is dissolved) near the bottom is sucked into the compressor 121.
- the branch channel 128 is a channel that connects between the outdoor heat exchanger 124 and the second throttle 125 and between the evaporator 126 and the accumulator 127.
- a shut valve 129 that can open and close the branch flow path 128 is provided in the middle of the branch flow path 128. The opening and closing of the branch flow path 128 by the shut valve 129 is controlled by the control device 140.
- the indoor unit 130 is a unit that adjusts the temperature of the air-conditioning air to a set temperature set by the occupant and blows it out of any of the selected outlets 131c to 131e.
- the indoor unit 130 is formed by providing a blower 132, an evaporator 126, an indoor heat exchanger 122, a heater core 116, an air mix door 134, and the like in an air conditioning case 131.
- the blower 132 takes in air-conditioning air from the inside air inlet 131a or the outside air inlet 131b formed in the air-conditioning case 131 into the air-conditioning case 131 and blows it out from the outlets 131c to 131e on the most downstream side. It is a ventilation means.
- the operating rotational speed of the blower 132 that is, the amount of blown air is controlled by the control device 140.
- the evaporator 126, the indoor heat exchanger 122, and the heater core 116 described above are disposed on the downstream side of the air flow for air conditioning of the blower 132.
- a bypass flow path 133 is formed between the indoor heat exchanger 122 and the heater core 116 and the air conditioning case 131 so that air for air conditioning can flow through the indoor heat exchanger 122 and the heater core 116. .
- the air mix door 134 is an adjusting unit that adjusts the amount of air conditioning air that passes through the indoor heat exchanger 122, the heater core 116, and the bypass flow path 133.
- the air mix door 134 is a rotary door that opens and closes the air flow passage for air conditioning of the indoor heat exchanger 122 and the heater core 116, or the bypass flow path 133. According to the opening degree of the air mix door 134, the flow rate ratio between the heated air flowing through the indoor heat exchanger 122 and the heater core 116 and the cooling air cooled by the evaporator 126 and flowing through the bypass flow path 133 is adjusted.
- the air conditioning air temperature on the downstream side of the indoor heat exchanger 122 and the heater core 116 is adjusted.
- the opening degree of the air mix door 134 is controlled by the control device 140.
- the downstream side of the indoor heat exchanger 122 and the heater core 116 is connected to a plurality of outlets toward the vehicle interior, that is, the face outlet 131c, the foot outlet 131d, and the defroster outlet 131e.
- the conditioned air whose temperature has been adjusted by the mix door 134 is blown into the vehicle compartment from a selected outlet among the outlets 131c to 131e.
- the control device 140 is a control unit composed of a microcomputer and its peripheral circuits. In accordance with a preset program, the control device 140 is set by the occupant using various temperature signals from the water temperature sensor 119, the outside air temperature sensor 141, and the inside air temperature sensor 142, a solar radiation signal from the solar radiation sensor 143, and an operation panel not shown. Performs arithmetic processing for the set temperature signal. Further, based on the calculation result, the control device 140 switches the switching valve 115, the switching valve 118, the inverter 121a (compressor 121), the first throttle 123, the electric fans 124a and 124b, the second throttle 125, the shut valve 129, and the blower 132. By controlling the air mix door 134 and the like, a cooling operation, a heating operation, and a warming-up operation described below are performed.
- the control device 140 Based on the outside air temperature obtained from the outside air temperature sensor 141, the inside air temperature obtained from the inside air temperature sensor 142, the amount of solar radiation obtained from the solar radiation sensor 143, and the set temperature set by the occupant, the control device 140 performs the necessary blowing temperature TAO. Is calculated. Then, the control device 140 selects the air-conditioning air to be taken into the air-conditioning case 131 according to the required blow-out temperature TAO so that the temperature of the air-conditioning air blown into the passenger compartment becomes a set temperature set by the passenger. (Inside air or outside air), the rotation speed (air flow rate) of the blower 132, the opening degree of the air mix door 134, the selection of the outlets 131c to 131e (whether face, foot or defroster) are performed.
- the control device 140 closes the heater core 116 side by the switching valve 118 and opens the bypass flow path 117 side. Further, it performs channel switching by the switching valve 115 in accordance with the coolant temperature T FC. Further, in the heat pump cycle 120, the throttle opening degree of the first throttle 123 is set to the fully open position, the shut valve 129 is closed, and the compressor 121 and the electric fans 124a and 124b are operated.
- the cooling water circulates in the order of the fuel cell 111, the pump 112, the radiator 113 (by-pass passage 114 depending on the operation of the switching valve 115), the bypass passage 117, and the fuel cell 111. Therefore, the cooling water is cooled by the radiator 113, and the fuel cell 111 is maintained at a constant temperature. At this time, the cooling water does not flow through the heater core 116.
- the refrigerant circulates in the order of the compressor 121, the indoor heat exchanger 122, the first throttle 123, the outdoor heat exchanger 124, the second throttle 125, the evaporator 126, the accumulator 127, and the compressor 121. To do.
- the air mix door 134 is rotated mainly to close the indoor heat exchanger 122, and most of the air-conditioning air flows through the bypass flow path 133. Therefore, the refrigerant flowing in the indoor heat exchanger 122 Is discharged from the indoor heat exchanger 122 with a high temperature and a high pressure without radiating heat to the air for air conditioning. Further, since the first throttle 123 is fully opened, the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant that has flowed out of the indoor heat exchanger 122 flows into the outdoor heat exchanger 124 without being depressurized in the first throttle 123. Then, it is cooled by the heat exchange air.
- the refrigerant cooled and flowing out of the outdoor heat exchanger 124 is decompressed to a low temperature and a low pressure by the second throttle 125 and flows into the evaporator 126.
- Air-conditioning air in the indoor unit 130 is cooled by the refrigerant flowing in the evaporator 126, becomes cooling air, passes through the bypass flow path 133, and is blown into the vehicle interior from the selected outlet.
- the temperature of the air for air conditioning is adjusted mainly by opening control of the air mix door 134.
- the control device 140 calculates the required blowing temperature TAO in the same manner as in the cooling operation. Then, the control device 140 selects the air-conditioning air to be taken into the air-conditioning case 131 according to the required blow-out temperature TAO so that the temperature of the air-conditioning air blown into the passenger compartment becomes a set temperature set by the passenger. (Inside air or outside air), the rotation speed (air flow rate) of the blower 132, the opening degree of the air mix door 134, and the selection of the outlets 131c to 131e (whether face, foot or defroster) are performed.
- control apparatus 140 performs heating operation control based on the control flowchart shown in FIG. That is, the control device 140, at step S100, acquires the coolant temperature T FC output from the water temperature sensor 119. Next, the control device 140, in step S110, based on the cooling water temperature T FC, determines based on the determination map showing whether the heating by the heater core 116 in FIG.
- the determination map has a predetermined temperature (hereinafter, heating possible temperature T FC SET or heating possible temperature T FC SET - ⁇ ) with respect to the changing cooling water temperature T FC , and heating by the heater core 116 is performed. It is determined whether or not it is possible. That is, in the determination map, when the cooling water temperature T FC rises from the low temperature side, the determined possible heating when it becomes a heatable temperature T FC SET or (a decision value 1), the cooling water temperature T when FC is gradually lowered from the high temperature side, which is intended determines and heating impossible that (a determined value 0) when the cooling water temperature T FC is equal to or less than the heatable temperature T FC SET-.alpha..
- the heatable temperature T FC SET is, for example, 65 ° C.
- step S120 the control device 140 opens the heater core 116 side and closes the bypass flow path 117 side by the switching valve 118 in the cooling circuit 110. Further, it performs channel switching by the switching valve 115 in accordance with the coolant temperature T FC.
- the cooling water circulates in the order of the fuel cell 111, the pump 112, the bypass flow path 114 (the radiator 113 depending on the operation of the switching valve 115), the heater core 116, and the fuel cell 111.
- the heat of the cooling water is mainly released to the air-conditioning air by the heater core 116, so that the fuel cell 111 is cooled and maintained at a constant temperature.
- control apparatus 140 performs the cooperative operation control by both the heat pump (indoor heat exchanger 122) and the heater core 116 at step S130. That is, in the heat pump cycle 120, the control device 140 sets the throttle opening of the first throttle 123 to a predetermined throttle opening, opens the shut valve 129, and operates the compressor 121 and the electric fans 124a and 124b.
- step S130 the control device 140 sets the air temperature air blowing temperature target value (corresponding to the target heating temperature of the present disclosure) TAVO to be heated by the indoor heat exchanger 122 based on the determination map shown in FIG. I try to decide.
- the blowout temperature target value TAVO is a target value indicating how many times the temperature of the air-conditioning air heated by the indoor heat exchanger 122 is set.
- Determination map to changing coolant temperature T FC and is obtained by associating in advance discharge temperature target value Tavo.
- Discharge temperature target value TAVO the cooling water temperature T FC is in while reaching the heatable temperature T FC SET soars from the low temperature side is set to be a constant value (a in FIG. 4).
- the fixed value is the maximum blow temperature target value TAVO MAX set as the maximum value in the blow temperature target value TAVO.
- the value of the maximum blow-off temperature target value TAVO MAX is set to be equal to the value (65 ° C.) of the heatable temperature T FC SET .
- a range of a predetermined cooling water temperature T FC (beta), air temperature target value TAVO is set to be lower in accordance with the coolant temperature T FC becomes high (B in FIG. 4).
- the range of the predetermined coolant temperature T FC (beta) corresponds to a first predetermined temperature range of the present disclosure (beta).
- air temperature target value TAVO is set again as a constant value.
- the constant value is the lowest blown temperature target value TAVO MIN set as the lowest value in the blown temperature target value TAVO (c in FIG. 4).
- blow-out temperature target value TAVO is set so as to be constant at the minimum blow-off temperature target value TAVO MIN while the cooling water temperature T FC decreases from the high temperature side and reaches the heatable temperature T FC SET ( C, d) in FIG.
- the range (-beta) of a predetermined cooling water temperature T FC, the outlet air temperature target value TAVO is such that the cooling water temperature T FC becomes higher with increasing lower (E in FIG. 4).
- the range of the predetermined coolant temperature T FC (- ⁇ ) corresponds to a second predetermined temperature range of the present disclosure (-beta).
- the blow-out temperature target value TAVO is set to be constant at the maximum blow-out temperature target value TAVO MAX (a in FIG. 4).
- ⁇ is a predetermined constant for a time increase of the cooling water temperature T FC and at the time of falling without causing hunting.
- the constant ⁇ is set to be smaller than the constant ⁇ in the determination map ( ⁇ > ⁇ ).
- control device 140 detects the pressure of the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 121 or the pressure of the refrigerant discharged so that the temperature of the air-conditioning air that has passed through the indoor heat exchanger 122 approaches the blowout temperature target value TAVO set by the decision map. Adjust the flow rate.
- Controller 140 uses the determination map as described above, while setting the target temperature Tavo MAX balloon in accordance with the coolant temperature T FC, cooperative operation control using both the heater core 116 and the indoor heat exchanger 122 Execute. For example, when the cooling water temperature T FC rises above it will heatable temperature T FC SET, the control device 140 is adapted to heat the air-conditioning air by the cooling water flowing through the heater core 116, it is not enough for heating of the heater core 116 min Is supplemented by heating the indoor heat exchanger 122.
- the heating ability of the heater core 116 as the cooling water temperature T FC becomes higher increases, correspondingly, by setting so that the temperature target value TAVO blowing in the indoor heat exchanger 122 becomes lower, the indoor heat exchanger 122 The amount to be supplemented is reduced, and the load of the heater pump cycle 120 (load of the compressor 121) is reduced to heat the air-conditioning air. At this time, the temperature of the air for air conditioning is adjusted by opening control of the air mix door 134.
- the control device 140 makes up for the insufficient heating of the heater core 116 by the heating of the indoor heat exchanger 122. That is, the heating ability of the heater core 116 as the cooling water temperature T FC is lower is reduced, correspondingly, by setting so that the temperature target value TAVO blowing in the indoor heat exchanger 122 is higher, the indoor heat exchanger 122 The amount to be supplemented is increased and the air conditioning air is heated by fully utilizing the capacity of the heat pump cycle 120. At this time, the temperature of the air for air conditioning is adjusted by opening control of the air mix door 134.
- control device 140 proceeds to step S140.
- step S140 in the cooling circuit 110, the control device 140 closes the heater core 116 side by the switching valve 118 and opens the bypass flow path 117 side. Further, it performs channel switching by the switching valve 115 in accordance with the coolant temperature T FC.
- the cooling water circulates in the order of the fuel cell 111, the pump 112, the bypass passage 114 (the radiator 113 depending on the operation of the switching valve 115), the bypass passage 117, and the fuel cell 111.
- 111 is cooled and maintained at a constant temperature.
- control apparatus 140 performs the independent operation control only by the heat pump cycle 120 (indoor heat exchanger 122) by step S150. That is, in the heat pump cycle 120, the control device 140 sets the throttle opening of the first throttle 123 to a predetermined throttle opening, opens the shut valve 129, and operates the compressor 121 and the electric fans 124a and 124b.
- the refrigerant circulates in the order of the compressor 121, the indoor heat exchanger 122, the first throttle 123, the outdoor heat exchanger 124, the shut valve 129, the accumulator 127, and the compressor 121.
- step S150 the air mix door 134 is rotated mainly to close the bypass flow path 133 so that most of the air-conditioning air passes through the indoor heat exchanger 122.
- Air-conditioning air is heated by the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant flowing through 122.
- the target air temperature TAVO is set to the maximum target value TAVO MAX , and the air-conditioning air is heated.
- the refrigerant that has flowed out of the indoor heat exchanger 122 and decompressed by the first throttle 123 takes heat from the heat exchange air in the outdoor heat exchanger 124.
- Control device 140 during the heating operation, also the cooling water temperature T FC is a lower than the heating possible temperature T FC SET, as between leading the cooling water temperature T FC SET-.alpha., the cooling water heater core 116 It is made to flow.
- the temperature of the conditioned air heated by the indoor heat exchanger 122 is higher a region from the cooling water temperature T FC, With this case, air conditioning, which is heated in the indoor heat exchanger 122 As a result, the cooling water is heated.
- the cooling water temperature T FC is lower than the discharge temperature target value TAVO (T FC ⁇ TAVO), air-conditioning air blown out is to increase the cooling water temperature T FC. That is, the cooling water of the heater core 116 is positively warmed up by the indoor heat exchanger 122.
- the control device 140 in the heating operation, the control device 140, depending on the cooling water temperature T FC, so that changing the outlet air temperature target value Tavo. Specifically, the control device 140, when the cooling water temperature T FC is higher than the heating possible temperature T FC SET, as the cooling water temperature T FC becomes high, and sets lower the discharge temperature target value Tavo, coolant temperature T when FC is below heatable temperature T FC sET, as the cooling water temperature T FC is lower, and to set a higher outlet air temperature target value Tavo.
- control device 140 when the cooling water temperature T FC is higher than the heating possible temperature T FC SET, by setting lower the higher the discharge temperature target value TAVO coolant temperature T FC becomes high, primarily heated by the heater core 116 By utilizing the capacity and supplementing only the shortage with the indoor heat exchanger 122, the required heating performance can be secured by the heater core 116 and the indoor heat exchanger 122.
- control unit 140 when the cooling water temperature T FC is lower than the heating possible temperature T FC SET, by the coolant temperature T FC is set higher temperature target value TAVO blowing as lower, obtained by the heater core 116 heated It is possible to ensure the required heating performance by the heater core 116 and the indoor heat exchanger 122 by supplementing the shortage with the indoor heat exchanger 122 while utilizing the capacity as it is.
- the cooling water temperature T FC constant Can be kept in. That is, the temperature of the fuel cell 111 can be kept constant.
- the control device 140 causes the cooling water to flow through the bypass passage 117 and the heat pump cycle 120 (indoor The single operation control by only the heat exchanger 122) is executed.
- the cooling water does not flow into the heater core 116, the air conditioning air is heated only by the heat exchanger 122 for heating, and the heat of the cooling water from the heater core 116 is used for air conditioning.
- the temperature of the cooling water can be kept constant without being released into the air. That is, the temperature of the fuel cell 111 can be kept constant.
- control device 140 sets the blow-off temperature target value TAVO to a value higher than the cooling water temperature T FC when the cooling water temperature T FC is lower than the heatable temperature T FC SET (in FIG. 5). Double line part).
- the temperature of the conditioned air heated by the indoor heat exchanger 122 is heated constantly to a value higher than the cooling water temperature T FC. Therefore, the cooling water in the heater core 116 on the downstream side of the air conditioning air flow from the indoor heat exchanger 122 can be heated by the air conditioning air heated by the indoor heat exchanger 122. That is, when the cooling water temperature T FC is lower than the heating possible temperature T FC SET , the low-temperature cooling water can be actively warmed up while ensuring the heating performance.
- the target blow temperature target value TAVO is set to be constant at the maximum target blow temperature value TAVO MAX .
- the cooling water temperature T FC becomes higher than the heating possible temperature T FC SET, high coolant temperature T FC is As the air temperature target value TAVO becomes lower toward the minimum air temperature target value TAVO MIN , the cooling water temperature T FC becomes lower than the heatable temperature T FC SET , and the air temperature increases as the cooling water temperature T FC becomes lower.
- the temperature target value TAVO may be set to be higher toward the maximum blowout temperature target value TAVO MAX .
- cooling water temperature T FC is lower than the heating possible temperature T FC SET, outlet air temperature target value TAVO is by the controller 140, are set to the same value as the cooling water temperature T FC It is like that.
- outlet air temperature target value TAVO is, the control unit 140, is set to a value higher than the cooling water temperature T FC It has become so.
- the blowout temperature target value TAVO is set to a value in the range indicated by the oblique lines in FIG.
- the cooling water temperature T FC is lower than the heatable temperature T FC SET, air conditioning which is heated by the indoor heat exchanger 122 the temperature of the air is heated to a higher value than always cooling water temperature T FC. Therefore, the cooling water in the heater core 116 on the downstream side of the air flow for air conditioning from the indoor heat exchanger 122 can be heated by the air for air conditioning heated by the indoor heat exchanger 122, and the low-temperature cooling water can be supplied. It can warm up actively.
- the cooling circuit 110 is described as an example of a circuit that cools the fuel cell 111. However, the circuit is not limited to this, and may be a circuit that cools the engine of the hybrid vehicle.
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Abstract
Description
ヒータコアに対して、空調用空気の流れ方向の上流側に配設されて、ヒートポンプサイクルを循環する冷媒を加熱源として空調用空気を加熱する加熱用熱交換器と、
冷却水の温度に応じて、加熱用熱交換器によって加熱される空調用空気の温度目標値として設定される目標加熱温度を変化させるようにヒートポンプサイクルの作動を制御する制御部とを備える。
制御部は、冷却水の温度が、ヒータコアによる暖房が可能となる暖房可能温度より低いときに、冷却水をバイパス流路に流す。
(第1実施形態)
以下、第1実施形態における車両用空調装置100について、図1~図4を用いて説明する。
(第2実施形態)
第2実施形態の決定マップを図6に示す。第2実施形態は、上記第1実施形態に対して決定マップの内容を変更したものである。
(第3実施形態)
第3実施形態の決定マップを図7に示す。第3実施形態は、上記第1実施形態に対して決定マップの内容を変更したものである。
(その他の実施形態)
上記第1実施形態では、冷却回路110は、燃料電池111を冷却する回路を例として説明したが、これに限らず、ハイブリッド車のエンジンを冷却する回路としても良い。
Claims (5)
- 燃料電池車の燃料電池(111)、あるいはハイブリッド車のエンジンを冷却する冷却回路(110)の冷却水を加熱源として空調用空気を加熱するヒータコア(116)と、
前記ヒータコア(116)に対して、前記空調用空気の流れ方向の上流側に配設されて、ヒートポンプサイクル(120)を循環する冷媒を加熱源として前記空調用空気を加熱する加熱用熱交換器(122)と、
前記冷却水の温度(TFC)に応じて、前記加熱用熱交換器(122)によって加熱される前記空調用空気の温度目標値として設定される目標加熱温度(TAVO)を変化させるように前記ヒートポンプサイクル(120)の作動を制御する制御部(140)とを備える車両用空調装置。 - 前記冷却回路(110)には、前記冷却水が前記ヒータコア(116)をバイパスするバイパス流路(117)が設けられており、
前記制御部(140)は、前記冷却水の温度(TFC)が、前記ヒータコア(116)による暖房が可能となる暖房可能温度(TFC SET)より低いときに、前記冷却水を前記バイパス流路(117)に流す請求項1に記載の車両用空調装置。 - 前記制御部(140)は、前記冷却水の温度(TFC)が前記ヒータコア(116)による暖房が可能となる暖房可能温度(TFC SET)より高いときに、少なくとも前記冷却水の第1所定温度範囲(β)において、前記冷却水の温度(TFC)が高くなるほど、前記目標加熱温度(TAVO)をより低く設定すると共に、前記冷却水の温度(TFC)が前記暖房可能温度(TFC SET)より低いときに、少なくとも前記冷却水の第2所定温度範囲(-β)において、前記冷却水の温度(TFC)が低くなるほど、前記目標加熱温度(TAVO)をより高く設定する請求項1または請求項2に記載の車両用空調装置。
- 前記制御部(140)は、前記冷却水の温度(TFC)が、前記ヒータコア(116)による暖房が可能となる暖房可能温度(TFC SET)より低いときに、前記目標加熱温度(TAVO)を前記冷却水の温度(TFC)と同じ値に設定する請求項1または請求項2に記載の車両用空調装置。
- 前記制御部(140)は、前記冷却水の温度(TFC)が、前記ヒータコア(116)による暖房が可能となる暖房可能温度(TFC SET)より低いときに、前記目標加熱温度(TAVO)を前記冷却水の温度(TFC)よりも高い値に設定する請求項1または請求項2に記載の車両用空調装置。
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DE112012002819.8T DE112012002819T5 (de) | 2011-07-05 | 2012-06-12 | Klimaanlage für Fahrzeug |
US14/117,804 US9539880B2 (en) | 2011-07-05 | 2012-06-12 | Air conditioner for vehicle |
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JP2011149483A JP5578141B2 (ja) | 2011-07-05 | 2011-07-05 | 車両用空調装置 |
JP2011-149483 | 2011-07-05 |
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JP5578141B2 (ja) * | 2011-07-05 | 2014-08-27 | 株式会社デンソー | 車両用空調装置 |
KR101748722B1 (ko) * | 2013-07-23 | 2017-06-19 | 엘에스산전 주식회사 | 태양 전지 모듈 온도 조절 장치 |
KR101748209B1 (ko) | 2014-01-24 | 2017-06-19 | 한온시스템 주식회사 | 차량용 히트 펌프 시스템 |
CN105082930B (zh) * | 2014-05-09 | 2017-11-21 | 韩昂系统有限公司 | 车辆用空调装置及其控制方法 |
US10457119B2 (en) * | 2014-05-09 | 2019-10-29 | Hanon Systems | Air conditioning system for motor vehicles |
JP6210054B2 (ja) * | 2014-11-28 | 2017-10-11 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関の冷却システム |
JP6663676B2 (ja) * | 2015-10-02 | 2020-03-13 | 株式会社デンソー | 車両用熱管理装置 |
KR101836272B1 (ko) | 2016-06-20 | 2018-03-08 | 현대자동차 주식회사 | 차량용 히트 펌프 시스템 |
KR102382721B1 (ko) * | 2017-09-27 | 2022-04-05 | 한온시스템 주식회사 | 자동차의 통합 열관리 시스템 |
KR102633946B1 (ko) * | 2018-10-26 | 2024-02-05 | 현대자동차주식회사 | 차량의 공조장치와 연계된 사용자 체온 보조 시스템 |
CN109455301B (zh) * | 2018-12-07 | 2023-09-29 | 石家庄飞机工业有限责任公司 | 一种通航飞机空调系统用电源自动控制装置 |
JP7523233B2 (ja) | 2020-03-26 | 2024-07-26 | サンデン株式会社 | 車両用空気調和装置 |
KR102420003B1 (ko) * | 2020-06-19 | 2022-07-12 | 현대위아 주식회사 | 차량의 통합 열관리 시스템 |
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