WO2012176679A1 - 重合性化合物、重合性組成物、高分子、及び光学異方体 - Google Patents
重合性化合物、重合性組成物、高分子、及び光学異方体 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012176679A1 WO2012176679A1 PCT/JP2012/065202 JP2012065202W WO2012176679A1 WO 2012176679 A1 WO2012176679 A1 WO 2012176679A1 JP 2012065202 W JP2012065202 W JP 2012065202W WO 2012176679 A1 WO2012176679 A1 WO 2012176679A1
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- WKNSXUXSFWJQCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCCc1cc(OC(c(cc2)ccc2OCCCCCCOC(C=C)=O)=O)ccc1OC(c(cc1)ccc1OCCCCCCOC(C=C)=O)=O Chemical compound CCCc1cc(OC(c(cc2)ccc2OCCCCCCOC(C=C)=O)=O)ccc1OC(c(cc1)ccc1OCCCCCCOC(C=C)=O)=O WKNSXUXSFWJQCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F222/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical and containing at least one other carboxyl radical in the molecule; Salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof
- C08F222/10—Esters
- C08F222/1006—Esters of polyhydric alcohols or polyhydric phenols
- C08F222/102—Esters of polyhydric alcohols or polyhydric phenols of dialcohols, e.g. ethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate or 1,4-butanediol dimethacrylate
- C08F222/1025—Esters of polyhydric alcohols or polyhydric phenols of dialcohols, e.g. ethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate or 1,4-butanediol dimethacrylate of aromatic dialcohols
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C251/00—Compounds containing nitrogen atoms doubly-bound to a carbon skeleton
- C07C251/72—Hydrazones
- C07C251/88—Hydrazones having also the other nitrogen atom doubly-bound to a carbon atom, e.g. azines
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F122/00—Homopolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical and containing at least one other carboxyl radical in the molecule; Salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof
- C08F122/10—Esters
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F222/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical and containing at least one other carboxyl radical in the molecule; Salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof
- C08F222/10—Esters
- C08F222/1006—Esters of polyhydric alcohols or polyhydric phenols
- C08F222/104—Esters of polyhydric alcohols or polyhydric phenols of tetraalcohols, e.g. pentaerythritol tetra(meth)acrylate
- C08F222/1045—Esters of polyhydric alcohols or polyhydric phenols of tetraalcohols, e.g. pentaerythritol tetra(meth)acrylate of aromatic tetraalcohols
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
- G02B5/3016—Polarising elements involving passive liquid crystal elements
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a polymerizable compound, a polymerizable composition, a polymer, and an optical anisotropic body capable of producing an optical film capable of uniform polarization conversion in a wide wavelength range.
- FPD Flat panel display devices
- the retardation plate examples include a 1 ⁇ 4 wavelength plate that converts linearly polarized light into circularly polarized light, and a 1 ⁇ 2 wavelength plate that converts the polarization vibration plane of linearly polarized light by 90 degrees. These retardation plates can accurately convert a specific monochromatic light into a phase difference of 1 / 4 ⁇ or 1 / 2 ⁇ of the light wavelength.
- the conventional retardation plate has a problem that polarized light output through the retardation plate is converted into colored polarized light. This is because the material constituting the retardation plate has wavelength dispersion with respect to the retardation, and distribution occurs in the polarization state for each wavelength with respect to white light that is a composite wave in which light rays in the visible light range are mixed.
- the conventional low molecular weight polymerizable compound or polymerizable composition has a high reverse melting point and has a high melting point that is not suitable for processing in an industrial process, and is generally used in an industrial process. Therefore, it is difficult to apply to a film, the temperature range showing liquid crystallinity is extremely narrow, and there are many problems in terms of performance. Further, these low molecular weight polymerizable compounds and the like have a problem in terms of cost because they are synthesized in multiple stages by making full use of a synthesis method using a very expensive reagent.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-described prior art, has a practically low melting point, excellent solubility in general-purpose solvents, can be produced at low cost, and is uniform in a wide wavelength range. It is an object of the present invention to provide a polymerizable compound, a polymerizable composition, a polymer, and an optical anisotropic body capable of obtaining an optical film capable of polarization conversion.
- the present inventors have intensively studied to solve the above problems.
- a polymerizable compound represented by the following formula (I) a polymerizable composition containing the polymerizable compound and a polymerization initiator, a polymer obtained by polymerizing these, and the polymer as a constituent material
- the present inventors have found that an optical anisotropic body capable of uniform polarization conversion in a wide wavelength range and capable of producing an optical film satisfying in performance can be manufactured at low cost, and has completed the present invention.
- a polymerizable compound (1) to (7) a polymerizable composition (8), a polymer (9), and an optical anisotropic body (10).
- a polymerizable compound (1) to (7) a polymerizable composition (8), a polymer (9), and an optical anisotropic body (10).
- Q 1 to Q 3 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- X represents a divalent aromatic group having 4 to 12 carbon atoms which may have a substituent.
- Y 1 to Y 12 are each independently a chemical single bond, —O—, —S—, —O—C ( ⁇ O) —, —C ( ⁇ O) —O—, —O—C ( ⁇ O) —O—, —NR 1 —C ( ⁇ O) —, —C ( ⁇ O) —NR 1 —, —O—C ( ⁇ O) —NR 1 —, —NR 1 —C ( ⁇ O ) —O—, —NR 1 —C ( ⁇ O ) —NR 1 —, or —NR 1 —O—.
- R 1 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- G 1 to G 4 each independently represents a divalent aliphatic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may have a substituent.
- the aliphatic group includes —O—, —S—, —O—C ( ⁇ O) —, —C ( ⁇ O) —O—, —O—C ( ⁇ O) —O—, —NR 2.
- R 2 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- Z 1 to Z 4 each independently represents an alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a halogen atom.
- a 1 represents a trivalent aromatic group which may have a substituent.
- a 2 to A 7 each independently represents a divalent aromatic group having 4 to 30 carbon atoms which may have a substituent.
- n represents 0 or 1.
- a 1 is an optionally substituted trivalent benzene ring group or trivalent naphthalene ring group
- a 2 to A 7 are each independently
- the polymerizable compound according to (1) which is a phenylene group or a naphthylene group, which may have a substituent.
- Y 1 to Y 12 are each independently a chemical single bond, —O—, —O—C ( ⁇ O) —, —C ( ⁇ O) —O.
- the polymerizable compound according to (1) or (2) which is — or —O—C ( ⁇ O) —O—.
- Z 1 to Z 4 are each independently CH 2 ⁇ CH—, CH 2 ⁇ C (CH 3 ) —, or CH 2 ⁇ C (Cl) —.
- G 1 to G 4 are each independently a divalent aliphatic group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms which may have a substituent (into the aliphatic group, -O—, —O—C ( ⁇ O) —, —C ( ⁇ O) —O—, or —C ( ⁇ O) — may be interposed, provided that —O— is 2
- a 1 is a trivalent benzene ring group which may have a substituent
- a 2 to A 7 each independently have a substituent.
- G 1 to G 4 are each independently a divalent alkylene group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
- a polymerizable composition comprising at least one polymerizable compound according to any one of (1) to (7) and a polymerization initiator.
- An optical anisotropic body comprising the polymer according to (9) as a constituent material.
- an optical film that can perform uniform polarization conversion in a wide wavelength range and that is satisfactory in terms of performance can be obtained at low cost. Since the optical anisotropic body of the present invention is composed of the polymer of the present invention, an optical film that is obtained at low cost and that can perform uniform polarization conversion in a wide wavelength range and that is satisfactory in terms of performance can be easily obtained. Can be formed.
- an antireflection film can be produced by combining with a polarizing plate, and industrially, for example, it can be suitably used for antireflection of a touch panel or an organic electroluminescent element.
- the polymerizable compound of the present invention is a compound represented by the formula (I).
- Q 1 to Q 3 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a substituent.
- Examples of the optionally substituted alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms include methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, sec-butyl group, t-butyl group, n -Pentyl group, n-hexyl group and the like.
- substituents include halogen atoms such as fluorine atom, chlorine atom, bromine atom and iodine atom; methoxy group, ethoxy group, n-propoxy group, isopropoxy group, n-butoxy group, sec-butoxy group, t-butoxy Group, an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms such as an n-pentyloxy group and an n-hexyloxy group; a fluorine atom, a methoxy group and an ethoxy group are preferable.
- Q 1 to Q 3 are each independently preferably a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, more preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- X represents a divalent aromatic group having 4 to 12 carbon atoms which may have a substituent.
- the aromatic group for X may be monocyclic, polycyclic, or bonded with an aromatic ring. Examples of X include the following. In the following formulae, “-” represents a bond (same below).
- aromatic groups may have a substituent at any position.
- substituents include a halogen atom, a cyano group, a hydroxyl group, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a nitro group, a —C ( ⁇ O) —OR a group (R a is Represents an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.);
- a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms are preferable, a fluorine atom; an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, and a propyl group;
- An alkoxy group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms such as a group, an ethoxy group, or a propoxy group;
- X is preferably a phenylene group, a naphthylene group or a biphenylene group which may have a substituent from the viewpoint of better expressing the desired effect of the present invention, and has a substituent.
- a phenylene group and a naphthylene group are more preferable, groups represented by the following formulas (X1) and (X2) are more preferable, and a group represented by the formula (X1) is particularly preferable.
- Y 1 to Y 12 are each independently a chemical single bond, —O—, —S—, —O—C ( ⁇ O) —, —C ( ⁇ O) —O—. , —O—C ( ⁇ O) —O—, —NR 1 —C ( ⁇ O) —, —C ( ⁇ O) —NR 1 —, —O—C ( ⁇ O) —NR 1 —, —NR 1 —C ( ⁇ O) —O—, —NR 1 —C ( ⁇ O) —NR 1 —, —O—NR 1 —, or —NR 1 —O— is represented.
- R 1 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms of R 1 include methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, sec-butyl group, t-butyl group, n-pentyl group, n- A hexyl group etc. are mentioned.
- R 1 is preferably a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- Y 1 to Y 12 are each independently a chemical single bond, —O—, —O—C ( ⁇ O) —, —C ( ⁇ O) —O—, or —O.
- G 1 to G 4 each independently represents a divalent aliphatic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may have a substituent.
- the divalent aliphatic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms includes an aliphatic group having a chain structure; an alicyclic structure such as a saturated cyclic hydrocarbon (cycloalkane) structure and an unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbon (cycloalkene) structure. And the like.
- substituents include halogen atoms such as fluorine atom, chlorine atom, bromine atom and iodine atom; methoxy group, ethoxy group, n-propoxy group, isopropoxy group, n-butoxy group, sec-butoxy group, t-butoxy Group, an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms such as an n-pentyloxy group and an n-hexyloxy group; a fluorine atom, a methoxy group and an ethoxy group are preferable.
- the aliphatic group includes —O—, —S—, —O—C ( ⁇ O) —, —C ( ⁇ O) —O—, —O—C ( ⁇ O) —O—, — NR 2 —C ( ⁇ O) —, —C ( ⁇ O) —NR 2 —, —NR 2 —, or —C ( ⁇ O) — may be present (provided that —O— or — Excluding the case where two or more S-s are adjacent to each other.) Among these, —O—, —O—C ( ⁇ O) —, —C ( ⁇ O) —O—, or —C ( ⁇ O) — is preferable.
- R 2 represents the same hydrogen atom or alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms as R 1, and is preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- G 1 to G 4 are each independently a divalent fat having 1 to 12 carbon atoms which may have a substituent.
- Group the aliphatic group may be intervened by —O—, —O—C ( ⁇ O) —, —C ( ⁇ O) —O— or —C ( ⁇ O) —).
- -O- is preferably excluded, and an aliphatic group having a chain structure such as an alkylene group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms or an alkenylene group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms.
- alkylene groups having 1 to 12 carbon atoms such as methylene group, ethylene group, trimethylene group, propylene group, tetramethylene group, pentamethylene group, hexamethylene group, octamethylene group, and the like.
- - (CH 2) 4 -] alkylene groups having 1 to 12 carbon atoms
- tetramethylene group pentamethylene group, hexamethylene group, octamethylene group, and the like.
- - (CH 2) 4 -] hexamethylene
- the len group [— (CH 2 ) 6 —] is particularly preferred.
- Z 1 to Z 4 each independently represents an alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a halogen atom.
- the alkenyl group preferably has 2 to 6 carbon atoms.
- Examples of the halogen atom that is a substituent of the alkenyl group of Z 1 to Z 4 include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, and the like, and a chlorine atom is preferable.
- Z 1 to Z 4 are each independently CH 2 ⁇ CH—, CH 2 ⁇ C (CH 3 ) —, CH 2 ⁇ , from the viewpoint of better expressing the desired effect of the present invention.
- C (Cl) —, CH 2 ⁇ CH—CH 2 —, CH 2 ⁇ C (CH 3 ) —CH 2 —, or CH 2 ⁇ C (CH 3 ) —CH 2 —CH 2 — is preferred.
- CH 2 ⁇ CH—, CH 2 ⁇ C (CH 3 ) —, or CH 2 ⁇ C (Cl) — is more preferable, and CH 2 ⁇ CH— is still more preferable.
- a 1 represents a trivalent aromatic group which may have a substituent.
- the trivalent aromatic group may be a trivalent carbocyclic aromatic group or a trivalent heterocyclic aromatic group. From the viewpoint of better expressing the desired effect of the present invention, a trivalent carbocyclic aromatic group is preferable, and a trivalent benzene ring group or a trivalent naphthalene ring group represented by the following formula is more preferable.
- the substituents Y 1 and Y 2 are described for convenience in order to clarify the bonding state (Y 1 and Y 2 represent the same meaning as described above, and the same applies hereinafter). .
- a 1 groups represented by the following formulas (A11) to (A18) are more preferable, and a group represented by the formula (A11) is particularly preferable.
- the trivalent aromatic group of A 1 is preferably one having no substituent, but may have one.
- substituents include halogen atoms such as fluorine atom and chlorine atom; cyano group; alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms such as methyl group, ethyl group and propyl group; and 2 to 6 carbon atoms such as vinyl group and allyl group.
- An alkenyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms such as a trifluoromethyl group; a substituted amino group such as a dimethylamino group; an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms such as a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, and an isopropyl group; Groups; aryl groups such as phenyl group and naphthyl group; —C ( ⁇ O) —OR b group; —SO 2 R b group; and the like.
- R b represents an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or an aryl group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms.
- a 2 to A 7 each independently represents a divalent aromatic group having 4 to 30 carbon atoms which may have a substituent.
- the aromatic group of A 2 to A 7 may be monocyclic or polycyclic. Specific examples of the aromatic group of A 2 to A 7 include the following.
- substituent for these aromatic groups include a halogen atom, a cyano group, a hydroxyl group, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a nitro group, —C ( ⁇ O) —OR c Group; etc. are mentioned.
- R c is an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms are preferable, a fluorine atom; an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, and a propyl group; An alkoxy group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms such as a group, an ethoxy group, or a propoxy group;
- a 2 to A 7 a phenylene group and a naphthylene group, which may each independently have a substituent, are preferable from the viewpoint of better expressing the desired effect of the present invention.
- the groups represented by the following formulas (A21) and (A22) are more preferred, and the group represented by the formula (A21) is particularly preferred.
- n 0 or 1, and is preferably 0.
- a 1 is a trivalent benzene ring group which may have a substituent
- a 2 to A 7 are phenylene groups which may have a substituent.
- Each of Y 1 to Y 12 independently represents a chemical single bond, —O—, —O—C ( ⁇ O) —, —C ( ⁇ O) —O—, or —O—C ( ⁇ O) —O—, and Z 1 to Z 4 are each independently CH 2 ⁇ CH—, CH 2 ⁇ C (CH 3 ) —, or CH 2 ⁇ C (Cl) —, and G
- a polymerizable compound in which 1 to G 4 are each independently a divalent alkylene group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms is preferable,
- a 1 is a trivalent benzene ring group which may have a substituent
- a 2 to A 7 are each independently a substituent.
- Y 1 to Y 12 are each independently a chemical single bond, —O—, —O—C ( ⁇ O) —, —C ( ⁇ O) —. O— or —O—C ( ⁇ O) —O—, wherein Z 1 to Z 4 are each independently CH 2 ⁇ CH—, CH 2 ⁇ C (CH 3 ) —, or CH 2 More preferably, the polymerizable compound is ⁇ C (Cl) —, and G 1 to G 4 are each independently a divalent alkylene group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms,
- n is 0,
- a 1 is a trivalent benzene ring group which may have a substituent, and A 2 to A 7 are each independently a substituent.
- Y 1 to Y 12 are a chemical single bond, —O—, —O—C ( ⁇ O) —, —C ( ⁇ O) —O—, or , —O—C ( ⁇ O) —O—, and Z 1 to Z 4 are CH 2 ⁇ CH—, CH 2 ⁇ C (CH 3 ) —, or CH 2 ⁇ C (Cl) —.
- G 1 to G 4 are divalent alkylene groups having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and A group represented by the formula: Z 2 —Y 6 —G 2 —Y 4 —A 3 —Y 2 — is represented by the formula: Z 1 —Y 5 —G 1 —Y 3 —A 2 —Y 1 —. And / or a group represented by the formula: Z 3 —Y 9 —G 3 —Y 8 —A 5 —Y 7 — is a group represented by the formula: Z 4 —Y 12 —G 4 —Y 11 —.
- a polymerizable compound that is the same as the group represented by A 7 —Y 10 — is particularly preferred.
- stereoisomer based on a carbon-nitrogen double bond may exist in the compound of the present invention represented by the general formula (I), these are all included in the present invention.
- the polymerizable compound of the present invention typically has a carbon-nitrogen double bond (—C ⁇ N—), an ether bond (—O—), an ester bond (—C ( ⁇ O) —O—, —O -C ( ⁇ O) —), carbonate bond (—O—C ( ⁇ O) —O—) and amide bond (—C ( ⁇ O) NH—, —NHC ( ⁇ O) —) are optional
- a plurality of known compounds having a desired structure can be appropriately bound and modified.
- Y 7 , Y 10 , Y 1 , and Y 2 are groups represented by the formula: Y 7 ′ —C ( ⁇ O) —O—, respectively, : Y 10 ′ —C ( ⁇ O) —O— group, formula: Y 1 ′ —C ( ⁇ O) —O— group, formula: Y 2 ′ —C ( ⁇ O)
- a method for producing a compound that is a group represented by —O— will be described as an example, but the compound of the present invention is not limited to a compound having these bonds. ⁇ Manufacturing method 1>
- a 1 to A 7 , Q 1 to Q 3 , X, Y 1 to Y 6 , Y 8 , Y 9 , Y 11 , Y 12 , G 1 to G 4 , Z 1 to Z 4 , n are Represents the same meaning as above.
- the group represented by the formula: Y 7 ′ —C ( ⁇ O) —O— represents one kind of the above Y 7
- L represents a leaving group such as a hydroxyl group, a halogen atom, a methanesulfonyloxy group, a p-toluenesulfonyloxy group.
- Y 7 is a group represented by the formula: Y 7 ′ —C ( ⁇ O) —O—
- Y 10 is represented by the formula: Y 10 ′ —C ( This is a method for producing a polymerizable compound represented by formula (I-1) (polymerizable compound (I-1)) which is a group represented by ⁇ O) —O—.
- the carbonyl compound represented by formula (1) is mixed with the compound represented by formula (2) (compound (2)) in an appropriate solvent in the presence of a dehydrating agent as desired.
- the compound (compound (3)) is obtained (step 1), and this is isolated, and then the compound represented by the formula (4) (compound (4)) is obtained in a suitable solvent (compound (3) ): Compound (4)) at a molar ratio of 1: 1 to 1: 1.2 to produce a compound represented by formula (5) (compound (5)) (Step 2). ).
- the compound represented by formula (6) (compound (6)) was added to this in a suitable solvent at a molar ratio of (compound (5): compound (6)).
- the target polymerizable compound (I-1) can be produced (step 3).
- the target compound can be isolated from the reaction mixture obtained by performing the next reaction using the crude product without performing the isolation operation.
- the solvent used in the reaction of Step 1 is not particularly limited as long as it is inert to the reaction.
- alcohol solvents such as methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, sec-butyl alcohol, t-butyl alcohol, n-pentyl alcohol, amyl alcohol; diethyl ether, Ether solvents such as tetrahydrofuran, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, 1,4-dioxane and cyclopentylmethyl ether; ester solvents such as ethyl acetate, propyl acetate and methyl propionate; aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene Solvents; aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents such as n-pentane, n-hexane and n-heptane; amide solvents such as N
- the amount of the solvent used is not particularly limited and can be appropriately determined in consideration of the type of compound used, reaction scale, etc., but is usually 1 to 100 g with respect to 1 g of the total mass of the compound used for the reaction.
- Examples of the dehydrating agent used include acidic catalysts such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, potassium hydrogen sulfate, oxalic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, ( ⁇ ) -10-camphorsulfonic acid, boron trifluoride ether complex; And basic catalysts such as sodium and potassium hydroxide.
- the amount of the dehydrating agent used is usually 0.05 to 5 mol per 1 mol of the carbonyl compound (1).
- the reaction proceeds smoothly in the temperature range from ⁇ 10 ° C. to the boiling point of the solvent used. Although the reaction time depends on the reaction scale, it is usually from several minutes to several tens of hours.
- Step 2> In the reaction of the compound (3) and the compound (4), when the compound (4) is a compound (carboxylic acid) in which L is a hydroxyl group in the formula (4), 1-ethyl-3- (3-dimethyl
- a dehydrating condensing agent such as aminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (WSC) or dicyclohexylcarbodiimide
- WSC dehydrating condensing agent
- the amount of the dehydrating condensing agent to be used is generally 1 to 3 mol per 1 mol of compound (4).
- the desired product can be obtained by reacting in the presence of a base.
- a base examples include organic bases such as triethylamine, pyridine, and 4- (dimethylamino) pyridine; and inorganic bases such as sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, and sodium bicarbonate.
- the amount of the base to be used is generally 1 to 3 mol per 1 mol of compound (4).
- the compound (4) is a compound (mixed acid anhydride) in which L is a methanesulfonyloxy group or a p-toluenesulfonyloxy group in the formula (4) is the same as in the case of a halogen atom.
- solvent used in this reaction examples include chlorine solvents such as chloroform and methylene chloride; amide solvents such as N-methylpyrrolidone, N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide and hexamethylphosphoric triamide.
- Solvents such as 1,4-dioxane, cyclopentylmethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran and tetrahydropyran; sulfur-containing solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide and sulfolane; aromatic hydrocarbon solvents such as benzene, toluene and xylene; n-pentane; and aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents such as n-hexane and n-octane; alicyclic hydrocarbon solvents such as cyclopentane and cyclohexane; and mixed solvents composed of two or more of these solvents.
- the amount of the solvent to be used is not particularly limited and can be appropriately determined in consideration of the type of compound used, reaction scale, etc., but is usually 1 to 100 g with respect to 1 g of compound (3).
- the reaction proceeds smoothly in the temperature range from ⁇ 10 ° C. to the boiling point of the solvent used.
- the reaction time for each reaction is usually from several minutes to several tens of hours depending on the reaction scale.
- Step 3 The reaction in Step 3 in which the compound (5) is reacted with the compound (6) can be carried out in the same manner as the reaction in Step 2 above.
- the group represented by the formula: Z 3 -Y 9 -G 3 -Y 8 -A 5 -Y 7 ' - is a group represented by the formula: Z 4 -Y 12 -G 4 -Y 11 -A 7 -Y 10'.
- the compound (3) and a double equivalent compound (4 ) Can be produced in a single step.
- a 1 to A 7 , Q 1 to Q 3 , X, Y 3 to Y 12 , G 1 to G 4 , Z 1 to Z 4 , n, and L have the same meaning as described above.
- the group represented by the formula: Y 1 ′ —C ( ⁇ O) —O— represents one kind of the above Y 1
- the group represented by the formula: Y 2 ′ —C ( ⁇ O) —O— One kind of Y 2 is shown.
- Y 1 is a group represented by the formula: Y 1 ′ —C ( ⁇ O) —O—
- Y 2 is represented by the formula: Y 2 ′ —C
- This is a method for producing a polymerizable compound (polymerizable compound (I-3)) represented by the formula (I-3) which is a group represented by ⁇ O) —O—.
- the carbonyl compound (carbonyl compound (7)) represented by formula (7) is mixed with the compound represented by formula (8) (compound (8)) in an appropriate solvent (carbonyl compound (7): Compound (8)) is reacted at a molar ratio of 1: 1 to 2: 1, preferably 1: 1 to 1.5: 1, to give a compound represented by formula (9) (compound (9) (Step 1), and this was isolated, and then the compound represented by formula (10) (compound (10)) was dissolved in (compound (9): compound (10)) in an appropriate solvent.
- a compound represented by formula (11) (compound (11)) is produced (step 2).
- the compound represented by formula (12) (compound (12)) was added to this in a suitable solvent at a molar ratio of (compound (11): compound (12)).
- the target polymerizable compound (I-3) can be produced (step 3).
- the target compound may be isolated from the obtained reaction mixture by proceeding to the next step without performing the isolation operation.
- Step 1 of manufacturing method 2 can be performed in the same manner as step 1 of manufacturing method 1, and steps 2 and 3 of manufacturing method 2 can be performed in the same manner as steps 2 and 3 of manufacturing method 1.
- the group represented by the formula: Z 1 -Y 5 -G 1 -Y 3 -A 2 -Y 1 ' - is a group represented by the formula: Z 2 -Y 6 -G 2 -Y 4 -A 3 -Y 2'.
- the compound (9) and a double equivalent compound (10 ) Can be reacted in a single step to produce the desired polymerizable compound (I-4).
- the compounds (4), (6), (10) and (12) used in the production methods 1 and 2 are typically an ether bond (—O—), an ester bond (—C ( ⁇ O) —O— , —O—C ( ⁇ O) —), carbonate bond (—O—C ( ⁇ O) —O—) and amide bond (—C ( ⁇ O) NH—, —NHC ( ⁇ O) —) It can be produced by appropriately combining and modifying a plurality of known compounds having a desired structure by arbitrarily combining reactions.
- the ether bond can be formed, for example, as follows.
- D1-hal hal represents a halogen atom; the same shall apply hereinafter
- D2-OMet Metal represents an alkali metal (mainly sodium). The same) is mixed and condensed (Williamson synthesis).
- D1 and D2 represent arbitrary organic groups (the same applies hereinafter).
- a compound represented by the formula: D1-hal and a compound represented by the formula: D2-OH are mixed and condensed in the presence of a base such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide.
- a compound represented by the formula: D1-J J represents an epoxy group
- a compound represented by the formula: D2-OH are mixed in the presence of a base such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide.
- a base such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide.
- D1-ofn ofn represents a group having an unsaturated bond
- D2-OMet are mixed with a base such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide. In the presence, they are mixed and subjected to an addition reaction.
- a compound represented by the formula: D1-hal and a compound represented by the formula: D2-OMet are mixed and condensed in the presence of copper or cuprous chloride (Ullman condensation).
- Formation of an ester bond and an amide bond can be performed as follows, for example.
- a compound represented by the formula: D1-COOH and a compound represented by the formula: D2-OH or D2-NH 2 are dehydrated in the presence of a dehydration condensing agent (N, N-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide or the like). Allow to condense.
- a dehydration condensing agent N, N-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide or the like. Allow to condense.
- a compound represented by the formula: D1-CO-hal is obtained by allowing a halogenating agent to act on the compound represented by the formula: D1-COOH, which is combined with the formula: D2-OH or D2-NH. The compound represented by 2 is reacted in the presence of a base.
- the carbonyl compound (1) used in the production method 1 can be produced by, for example, the following reaction using the compound (10) obtained as described above.
- compound (2 ') in which n is 1 can be produced, for example, as follows.
- a compound (15) is produced by reacting a compound represented by the formula (14) (compound (14)) with two or more equivalents of hydrazine (13) in an appropriate solvent.
- the target compound (2 ′) can be obtained by reacting a compound represented by the formula (16) with a 1-fold equivalent (compound (16)) in an appropriate solvent.
- a hydrazine (13) a monohydrate thing is normally used.
- the hydrazine (13) a commercially available product can be used as it is (the same applies hereinafter).
- the solvent used in any reaction is not particularly limited as long as it is inert to the reaction, and examples thereof include those exemplified as being usable in Step 1 of Production Method 1.
- the reaction proceeds smoothly in the temperature range from ⁇ 10 ° C. to the boiling point of the solvent used.
- the reaction time for each reaction is usually from several minutes to several hours depending on the reaction scale.
- the compound (2 ′′) in which n is 0 can be obtained by reacting the compound (16) with 1 equivalent of hydrazine (13) as shown below.
- the compound (8) used in the production method 2 is prepared by, for example, reacting the compound (2) with 1 equivalent of the compound (4) in the same manner as in Step 2 of the production method 1, In the same manner as in Step 3 of 1, it can be produced by reacting 1 equivalent of compound (6).
- a group represented by the formula: Z 4 —Y 12 —G 4 —Y 11 —A 7 —Y 10 ′ — are all represented by the formula: Z 1 —Y 5 —G 1 —Y 3 —
- the polymerizable compound (polymerizable compound (I-5)) represented by the formula (I-5) which is the same as the group represented by A 2 —Y 1 ′ — is represented by the following reaction formula. Can be manufactured.
- Step 1 of Production Method 2 instead of Compound (8), Compound (2) used in Production Method 1 is reacted with Compound (7) to obtain a compound represented by Formula (17), In the same manner as in Step 2 of Production Method 2, this compound can be reacted with 4 or more equivalents of Compound (10) to produce the target polymerizable compound (I-5) of the present invention.
- any reaction after the completion of the reaction, the usual post-treatment operation in organic synthetic chemistry is performed, and if desired, by applying known separation / purification means such as column chromatography, recrystallization method, distillation method, etc. Product can be isolated.
- separation / purification means such as column chromatography, recrystallization method, distillation method, etc.
- the structure of the target compound can be identified by measurement of NMR spectrum, IR spectrum, mass spectrum, etc., elemental analysis or the like.
- the second of the present invention is a polymerizable composition containing the polymerizable compound of the present invention and a polymerization initiator.
- a polymerization initiator is mix
- the polymerization initiator to be used an appropriate one may be selected and used according to the type of polymerizable group possessed by the polymerizable compound. For example, a radical polymerization initiator is used if the polymerizable group is radically polymerizable, an anionic polymerization initiator is used if it is an anionically polymerizable group, and a cationic polymerization initiator is used if it is a cationically polymerizable group. Good.
- the radical polymerization initiator includes a thermal radical generator that is a compound that generates active species capable of initiating polymerization of a polymerizable compound upon heating; and visible light, ultraviolet light (i-line, etc.), far ultraviolet light, electron Any of photoradical generators, which are compounds that generate active species capable of initiating polymerization of polymerizable compounds upon exposure to exposure light such as X-rays and X-rays, can be used, but photoradical generators are used. Is preferred.
- Photo radical generators include acetophenone compounds, biimidazole compounds, triazine compounds, O-acyloxime compounds, onium salt compounds, benzoin compounds, benzophenone compounds, ⁇ -diketone compounds, polynuclear quinone compounds , Xanthone compounds, diazo compounds, imide sulfonate compounds, and the like. These compounds are components that generate active radicals or active acids or both active radicals and active acids upon exposure.
- a photoradical generator can be used individually by 1 type or in combination of 2 or more types.
- acetophenone compounds include 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenylpropan-1-one, 2-methyl-1- [4- (methylthio) phenyl] -2-morpholinopropan-1-one 2-benzyl-2-dimethylamino-1- (4-morpholinophenyl) butan-1-one, 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone, 2,2-dimethoxy-1,2-diphenylethane-1-one, Examples thereof include 1,2-octanedione, 2-benzyl-2-dimethylamino-4′-morpholinobutyrophenone, and the like.
- biimidazole compound examples include 2,2′-bis (2-chlorophenyl) -4,4 ′, 5,5′-tetrakis (4-ethoxycarbonylphenyl) -1,2′-biimidazole, 2 , 2'-bis (2-bromophenyl) -4,4 ', 5,5'-tetrakis (4-ethoxycarbonylphenyl) -1,2'-biimidazole, 2,2'-bis (2-chlorophenyl) -4,4 ', 5,5'-tetraphenyl-1,2'-biimidazole, 2,2'-bis (2,4-dichlorophenyl) -4,4', 5,5'-tetraphenyl-1 , 2′-biimidazole, 2,2′-bis (2,4,6-trichlorophenyl) -4,4 ′, 5,5′-tetraphenyl-1,2′-biimi
- a hydrogen donor in combination because sensitivity can be further improved.
- the “hydrogen donor” means a compound that can donate a hydrogen atom to a radical generated from a biimidazole compound by exposure.
- the hydrogen donor mercaptan compounds, amine compounds and the like defined below are preferable.
- Examples of mercaptan compounds include 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, 2-mercaptobenzoxazole, 2-mercaptobenzimidazole, 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole, 2-mercapto-2,5-dimethylaminopyridine, etc. Can be mentioned.
- Examples of amine compounds include 4,4′-bis (dimethylamino) benzophenone, 4,4′-bis (diethylamino) benzophenone, 4-diethylaminoacetophenone, 4-dimethylaminopropiophenone, ethyl-4-dimethylaminobenzoate, Examples include 4-dimethylaminobenzoic acid and 4-dimethylaminobenzonitrile.
- triazine compounds examples include 2,4,6-tris (trichloromethyl) -s-triazine, 2-methyl-4,6-bis (trichloromethyl) -s-triazine, 2- [2- (5-methylfuran -2-yl) ethenyl] -4,6-bis (trichloromethyl) -s-triazine, 2- [2- (furan-2-yl) ethenyl] -4,6-bis (trichloromethyl) -s-triazine 2- [2- (4-diethylamino-2-methylphenyl) ethenyl] -4,6-bis (trichloromethyl) -s-triazine, 2- [2- (3,4-dimethoxyphenyl) ethenyl] -4 , 6-Bis (trichloromethyl) -s-triazine, 2- (4-methoxyphenyl) -4,6-bis (trichloromethyl) -s-tri
- O-acyloxime compounds include 1- [4- (phenylthio) phenyl] -heptane-1,2-dione 2- (O-benzoyloxime), 1- [4- (phenylthio) phenyl]- Octane-1,2-dione 2- (O-benzoyloxime), 1- [4- (benzoyl) phenyl] -octane-1,2-dione 2- (O-benzoyloxime), 1- [9-ethyl- 6- (2-Methylbenzoyl) -9H-carbazol-3-yl] -ethanone 1- (O-acetyloxime), 1- [9-ethyl-6- (3-methylbenzoyl) -9H-carbazole-3- Yl] -ethanone 1- (O-acetyloxime), 1- (9-ethyl-6-benzoyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl) -ethanone 1- (O-acetyl)
- anionic polymerization initiator examples include alkyl lithium compounds; monolithium salts or monosodium salts such as biphenyl, naphthalene, and pyrene; polyfunctional initiators such as dilithium salt and trilithium salt; and the like.
- the cationic polymerization initiator examples include proton acids such as sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, perchloric acid and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid; Lewis acids such as boron trifluoride, aluminum chloride, titanium tetrachloride and tin tetrachloride; A combined system of a group onium salt or an aromatic onium salt and a reducing agent.
- proton acids such as sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, perchloric acid and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid
- Lewis acids such as boron trifluoride, aluminum chloride, titanium tetrachloride and tin tetrachloride
- a combined system of a group onium salt or an aromatic onium salt and a reducing agent can be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- the blending ratio of the polymerization initiator is usually 0.1 to 30 parts by weight, preferably 0.5 to 10 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the polymerizable
- a surfactant is added to the polymerizable composition of the present invention in order to adjust the surface tension.
- the surfactant is not particularly limited, but a nonionic surfactant is usually preferable.
- a commercially available product may be used as the nonionic surfactant, and examples thereof include a nonionic surfactant that is an oligomer having a molecular weight of about several thousand, such as KH-40 manufactured by Seimi Chemical Co., Ltd.
- the blending ratio of the surfactant is usually 0.01 to 10 parts by weight, preferably 0.1 to 2 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the polymerizable compound.
- the polymerizable composition of the present invention further includes other copolymerizable monomers, metals, metal complexes, dyes, pigments, fluorescent materials, phosphorescent materials, leveling agents, thixotropic agents, and gelling agents described later.
- Other additives such as polysaccharides, ultraviolet absorbers, infrared absorbers, antioxidants, ion exchange resins, and metal oxides such as titanium oxide may be blended.
- the blending ratio of other additives is usually 0.1 to 20 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the polymerizable compound.
- the polymerizable composition of the present invention can be usually prepared by mixing and dissolving a predetermined amount of the polymerizable compound of the present invention, a polymerization initiator, and optionally other additives in an appropriate organic solvent. .
- Organic solvents to be used include ketones such as cyclopentanone, cyclohexanone, and methyl ethyl ketone; acetate esters such as butyl acetate and amyl acetate; halogenated hydrocarbons such as chloroform, dichloromethane, and dichloroethane; 1,4-dioxane, cyclopentylmethyl And ethers such as ether, tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydropyran, and 1,3-dioxolane;
- the polymerizable composition obtained as described above is useful as a raw material for producing the polymer and optical anisotropic body of the present invention, as will be described later.
- the third of the present invention is (1) a polymer obtained by polymerizing the polymerizable compound of the present invention, or (2) a polymer obtained by polymerizing the polymerizable composition of the present invention. is there.
- polymerization means a chemical reaction in a broad sense including a crosslinking reaction in addition to a normal polymerization reaction.
- Polymer obtained by polymerizing the polymerizable compound of the present invention includes a homopolymer of the polymerizable compound of the present invention and the polymerizability of the present invention. Examples thereof include a copolymer composed of two or more kinds of compounds, or a copolymer of the polymerizable compound of the present invention and another copolymerizable monomer.
- the other copolymerizable monomer is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include 4- (2-methacryloyloxyethyloxy) benzoic acid-4′-methoxyphenyl and 4- (6-methacryloyloxyhexyl).
- polyfunctional monomers having a plurality of polymerizable unsaturated groups such as acryloyl group, methacryloyl group, vinyl group and allyl group can be used.
- polyfunctional monomers include 1,2-butanediol diacrylate, 1,3-butanediol diacrylate, 1,4-butanediol diacrylate, neopentanediol diacrylate, and 1,6-hexanediol.
- Alkanediol diacrylates such as diacrylate; 1,2-butanediol dimethacrylate, 1,3-butanediol dimethacrylate, 1,4-butanediol dimethacrylate, neopentanediol dimethacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol di
- Alkanediol dimethacrylates such as metalylate; polyethylene glycols such as ethylene glycol diacrylate, diethylene glycol diacrylate, triethylene glycol diacrylate, tetraethylene glycol diacrylate Acrylates; polypropylene glycol diacrylates such as propylene glycol diacrylate, dipropylene glycol diacrylate, tripropylene glycol diacrylate, tetrapropylene glycol diacrylate; ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, diethylene glycol dimethacrylate, triethylene glycol dimethacrylate, tetraethylene Polyethylene glycol dimethacrylates
- (Co) polymerization of the polymerizable compound of the present invention and other copolymerizable monomers used as necessary can be carried out in the presence of a suitable polymerization initiator, if necessary.
- the proportion of the polymerization initiator used may be the same as the proportion of the polymerizable compound in the polymerizable composition.
- the content of the polymerizable compound unit of the present invention is particularly limited. However, it is preferably 50% by weight or more, more preferably 70% by weight or more based on the total structural units. If it exists in this range, since the glass transition temperature (Tg) of a polymer is high and high film
- Tg glass transition temperature
- the polymer of (1) is (A) the above-mentioned polymerizable compound in the presence of a suitable polymerization initiator, if necessary, and other copolymerizable compounds as required. After (co) polymerization with monomers, etc. in a suitable organic solvent, the target polymer is isolated, and the resulting polymer is dissolved in a suitable organic solvent to prepare a solution.
- a solution prepared by dissolving a monomer or the like in an organic solvent together with a polymerization initiator is applied onto a substrate by a known coating method, then desolvated, and then heated or irradiated with active energy rays.
- the polymerization initiator to be used include those exemplified as the components of the polymerizable composition.
- the organic solvent used for the polymerization reaction in the method (A) is not particularly limited as long as it is inactive.
- aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene, xylene, mesitylene, etc .
- cyclohexanone, cyclopentanone, methyl ethyl ketone Ketones such as butyl acetate and amyl acetate
- halogenated hydrocarbons such as chloroform, dichloromethane and dichloroethane
- ethers such as cyclopentyl methyl ether, tetrahydrofuran and tetrahydropyran;
- those having a boiling point of 60 to 250 ° C. are preferred, and those having a temperature of 60 to 150 ° C. are more preferred, from the viewpoint of excellent handleability.
- examples of the organic solvent for dissolving the polymer include ketone solvents such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, cyclopentanone, and cyclohexanone; ester solvents such as butyl acetate and amyl acetate; Halogenated hydrocarbon solvents such as dichloromethane, chloroform, dichloroethane; ether solvents such as tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydropyran, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, 1,4-dioxane, cyclopentylmethyl ether, 1,3-dioxolane, etc. It is done.
- ketone solvents such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, cyclopentanone, and cyclohexanone
- ester solvents such as butyl acetate and amyl acetate
- Examples of the organic solvent used in the method (B) include ketone solvents such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, cyclopentanone, and cyclohexanone; ester solvents such as butyl acetate and amyl acetate; dichloromethane, chloroform, dichloroethane, and the like.
- ketone solvents such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, cyclopentanone, and cyclohexanone
- ester solvents such as butyl acetate and amyl acetate
- dichloromethane chloroform, dichloroethane, and the like.
- ether solvents such as tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydropyran, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, 1,4-dioxane, cyclopentylmethyl ether, 1,3-dioxolane;
- ether solvents such as tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydropyran, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, 1,4-dioxane, cyclopentylmethyl ether, 1,3-dioxolane;
- those having a boiling point of 60 to 200 ° C. are preferable from the viewpoint of easy handling.
- a substrate to be used a known and usual material can be used regardless of organic or inorganic.
- organic materials include polycycloolefins (for example, ZEONEX, ZEONOR (registered trademark; manufactured by ZEON CORPORATION), ARTON (registered trademark; manufactured by JSR), and APPEL (registered trademark; manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals)), polyethylene terephthalate.
- inorganic materials include silicon, glass, calcite, etc. Of these, organic materials are preferred.
- the substrate used may be a single layer or a laminate. As the substrate, an organic material is preferable, and a resin film using the organic material as a film is more preferable.
- a known method can be used, for example, a curtain coating method.
- polymer obtained by polymerizing the polymerizable composition of the present invention The polymer of the present invention can be easily obtained by polymerizing the polymerizable composition of the present invention.
- a polymerizable composition containing a polymerization initiator as described above, particularly a photopolymerization initiator it is preferable to use a polymerizable composition containing a polymerization initiator as described above, particularly a photopolymerization initiator.
- the polymer of the present invention by applying the method (B), that is, the polymerizable composition of the present invention onto a substrate and polymerizing the same.
- the substrate to be used include a substrate used for producing an optical anisotropic body described later.
- Examples of the method for applying the polymerizable composition of the present invention on a substrate include known and commonly used coating methods such as bar coating, spin coating, roll coating, gravure coating, spray coating, die coating, cap coating, and dipping. .
- a known and commonly used organic solvent may be added to the polymerizable composition of the present invention. In this case, it is preferable to remove the organic solvent by natural drying, heat drying, reduced pressure drying, reduced pressure heat drying or the like after applying the polymerizable composition of the present invention on the substrate.
- Examples of the method for polymerizing the polymerizable compound or the polymerizable composition of the present invention include a method of irradiating active energy rays, a thermal polymerization method, etc., but it is active because the reaction proceeds at room temperature without requiring heating.
- a method of irradiating energy rays is preferable.
- a method of irradiating light such as ultraviolet rays is preferable because the operation is simple.
- the temperature during irradiation is preferably 30 ° C. or lower.
- the ultraviolet irradiation intensity is usually in the range of 1 W / m 2 to 10 kW / m 2 , preferably in the range of 5 W / m 2 to 2 kW / m 2 .
- the polymer obtained by polymerizing the polymerizable compound or polymerizable composition of the present invention can be used as a single substance by peeling from the substrate, or it can be used as it is as an organic material for an optical film without peeling from the substrate. You can also.
- the number average molecular weight of the polymer of the present invention obtained as described above is preferably 500 to 500,000, more preferably 5,000 to 300,000. If the number average molecular weight is within such a range, a high film hardness can be obtained and handleability is excellent, which is desirable.
- the number average molecular weight of the polymer can be measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) using monodispersed polystyrene as a standard sample and tetrahydrofuran as an eluent.
- the polymer of the present invention is presumed that the cross-linking points exist uniformly in the molecule, has high cross-linking efficiency, and is excellent in hardness. According to the polymer of the present invention, an optical film that can perform uniform polarization conversion in a wide wavelength range and is satisfactory in terms of performance can be obtained at low cost.
- optical anisotropic body of the present invention comprises the polymer of the present invention as a constituent material.
- the optical anisotropic body of the present invention can be obtained, for example, by forming an alignment film on a substrate and further forming a liquid crystal layer made of the polymer of the present invention on the alignment film.
- the alignment film is formed on the surface of the substrate in order to regulate the alignment of the organic semiconductor compound in one direction in the plane.
- the alignment film contains a polymer such as polyimide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyester, polyarylate, polyamideimide, or polyetherimide.
- the alignment film can be obtained by applying a solution (composition for alignment film) containing such a polymer on the substrate in the form of a film, drying it, and rubbing it in one direction.
- the thickness of the alignment film is preferably 0.001 to 5 ⁇ m, and more preferably 0.001 to 1 ⁇ m.
- the alignment film or the substrate can be rubbed.
- the rubbing treatment method is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a method of rubbing the alignment film in a certain direction with a roll made of a synthetic fiber such as nylon or a natural fiber such as cotton or a felt.
- a roll made of a synthetic fiber such as nylon or a natural fiber such as cotton or a felt.
- the alignment film can be provided with a function of regulating the alignment of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer having cholesteric regularity in one direction in a plane by irradiating the surface of the alignment film with polarized ultraviolet rays. it can.
- the method for forming the liquid crystal layer comprising the polymer of the present invention on the alignment film includes the same method as described in the section of the polymer of the present invention.
- the optical anisotropic body of the present invention is composed of the polymer of the present invention, the optical anisotropic body can be manufactured at low cost and can perform uniform polarization conversion in a wide wavelength range, and has excellent performance. is there.
- optical anisotropic body of the present invention examples include a retardation plate, an alignment film for liquid crystal display elements, a polarizing plate, a viewing angle widening plate, a color filter, a low-pass filter, a light polarizing prism, and various optical filters.
- the structure of the target product was identified by 1 H-NMR.
- a three-necked reactor equipped with a thermometer was charged with 3.51 g (70.0 mol) of hydrazine monohydrate, 15 ml of 1-propanol, and 1.5 g (7.00 mol) of 4,4′-dihydroxybenzophenone in a nitrogen stream. ) And refluxed for 7 hours. After completion of the reaction, the reaction solution was cooled to 25 ° C., poured into 100 ml of saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate, and extracted three times with 50 ml of chloroform. The chloroform layer was collected, washed with 50 ml of saturated brine, and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate.
- reaction solution was poured into 200 ml of saturated sodium bicarbonate water and extracted twice with 50 ml of ethyl acetate.
- the ethyl acetate layer was collected, washed with 100 ml of saturated brine, and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate.
- ethyl acetate was distilled off from the filtrate under reduced pressure using a rotary evaporator to obtain a yellow solid.
- the structure of the target product was identified by 1 H-NMR.
- Step 4 Synthesis of Compound 1
- a four-necked reactor equipped with a thermometer 1.0 g (1.11 mmol) of intermediate C synthesized in Step 3 above, 4- (6-acryloyl-hex) in a nitrogen stream.
- 1-yloxy) benzoic acid manufactured by DKSH
- 4- (dimethylamino) pyridine 0.34 g (2.74 mmol)
- N-methylpyrrolidone 20 ml were added to form a homogeneous solution. did.
- 0.63 g (3.29 mmol) of WSC was added, and the whole volume was stirred at 25 ° C. for 14 hours.
- reaction solution was poured into 200 ml of water and extracted with 100 ml of ethyl acetate.
- the ethyl acetate layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate.
- ethyl acetate was distilled off from the filtrate under reduced pressure using a rotary evaporator to obtain a yellow solid.
- the structure of the target product was identified by 1 H-NMR.
- phase transition temperature Compound 1 obtained in Example 1, Compound 1r of Reference Example 1 used in Comparative Example 1 shown below (compound disclosed in JP 2008-291218 A), Reference Example 2 used in Comparative Example 2 With respect to compound 2r (manufactured by BASF, trade name: LC242), the phase transition temperature was measured by the method described below.
- C represents Crystal
- N represents Nematic
- I represents Isotropic
- Crystal means that the test compound is in a solid phase
- Nematic means that the test compound is in a nematic liquid crystal phase
- Isotropic means that the test compound is in an isotropic liquid phase. Show.
- Example 2 Comparative Examples 1 and 2
- a photopolymerization initiator ADEKA OPTOMER N-1919, manufactured by ADEKA
- a surfactant 100 mg of a 1% cyclopentanone solution manufactured by AGC Seimi Chemical Co., Ltd., KH-40
- a disposable filter having a pore diameter of 0.45 ⁇ m to obtain polymerizable compositions 1, 1r, and 2r, respectively.
- the obtained polymerizable compositions 1, 1r and 2r were polymerized by the following method to obtain a polymer.
- the phase difference was measured and the chromatic dispersion was evaluated.
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Abstract
Description
しかしながら、従来の位相差板には、位相差板を通過して出力される偏光が有色の偏光に変換されてしまうという問題があった。これは、位相差板を構成する材料が位相差について波長分散性を有し、可視光域の光線が混在する合成波である白色光に対して各波長ごとの偏光状態に分布が生じることから、全ての波長領域において正確な1/4λあるいは1/2λの位相差に調整することが不可能であることに起因する。
このような問題を解決するため、広い波長域の光に対して均一な位相差を与え得る広帯域位相差板、いわゆる逆波長分散性を有する位相差板が種々検討されている(例えば、特許文献1~6)。
薄層化の方法としては、フィルム基材に低分子重合性化合物を含有する重合性組成物を塗布することにより位相差板を作成する方法が、近年では最も有効な方法とされている。そして、優れた波長分散性を有する低分子重合性化合物又はそれを用いる重合性組成物が種々提案されている(例えば、特許文献7~24)。
(1)下記一般式(I)
Xは、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数4~12の二価の芳香族基を表す。
Y1~Y12はそれぞれ独立して、化学的な単結合、-O-、-S-、-O-C(=O)-、-C(=O)-O-、-O-C(=O)-O-、-NR1-C(=O)-、-C(=O)-NR1-、-O-C(=O)-NR1-、-NR1-C(=O)-O-、-NR1-C(=O)-NR1-、-O-NR1-、又は、-NR1-O-を表す。ここで、R1は、水素原子又は炭素数1~6のアルキル基を表す。
G1~G4はそれぞれ独立して、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数1~20の二価の脂肪族基を表す。該脂肪族基には、-O-、-S-、-O-C(=O)-、-C(=O)-O-、-O-C(=O)-O-、-NR2-C(=O)-、-C(=O)-NR2-、-NR2-、又は、-C(=O)-が介在していてもよい(ただし、-O-及び-S-がそれぞれ2以上隣接して介在する場合を除く。)。ここで、R2は、水素原子又は炭素数1~6のアルキル基を表す。
Z1~Z4はそれぞれ独立して、ハロゲン原子で置換されていてもよい炭素数2~10のアルケニル基を表す。
A1は、置換基を有していてもよい三価の芳香族基を表す。
A2~A7はそれぞれ独立して、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数4~30の二価の芳香族基を表す。
nは0又は1を表す。〕で示される重合性化合物。
(3)前記一般式(I)中、Y1~Y12がそれぞれ独立して、化学的な単結合、-O-、-O-C(=O)-、-C(=O)-O-、又は、-O-C(=O)-O-である(1)又は(2)に記載の重合性化合物。
(4)前記一般式(I)中、Z1~Z4がそれぞれ独立して、CH2=CH-、CH2=C(CH3)-、又は、CH2=C(Cl)-である(1)~(3)のいずれかに記載の重合性化合物。
(6)前記一般式(I)中、Xが、置換基を有していてもよい、フェニレン基、ナフチレン基、又はビフェニレン基である(1)~(5)のいずれかに記載の重合性化合物。
(9)(1)~(7)のいずれかに記載の重合性化合物、又は(8)に記載の重合性組成物を重合して得られる高分子。
(10)(9)に記載の高分子を構成材料とする光学異方体。
本発明の光学異方体は、本発明の高分子を構成材料とするため、低コストで得られ、広い波長域において一様の偏光変換が可能な、性能面で満足のいく光学フィルムを簡便に形成することができるものである。その具体的な実用例として、偏光板と組み合わせることで反射防止フィルムを作製することができ、産業上、例えばタッチパネルや有機電界発光素子の反射防止に好適に使用することができる。
本発明の重合性化合物は、前記式(I)で表される化合物である。
式(I)中、Q1~Q3はそれぞれ独立して、水素原子、又は、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数1~6のアルキル基を示す。
その置換基としては、フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子、ヨウ素原子等のハロゲン原子;メトキシ基、エトキシ基、n-プロポキシ基、イソプロポキシ基、n-ブトキシ基、sec-ブトキシ基、t-ブトキシ基、n-ペンチルオキシ基、n-へキシルオキシ基等の炭素数1~6のアルコキシ基;等が挙げられ、フッ素原子、メトキシ基、エトキシ基が好ましい。
これらの中でも、Q1~Q3はそれぞれ独立して、水素原子又は炭素数1~6のアルキル基が好ましく、水素原子又はメチル基がより好ましい。
Xの芳香族基は、単環のものであっても、多環のものであっても、芳香環が結合したものであってもよい。
Xとしては、例えば、下記のものが挙げられる。下記式中、「-」は、結合手を表す(以下にて同じ)。
R1の炭素数1~6のアルキル基としては、メチル基、エチル基、n-プロピル基、イソプロピル基、n-ブチル基、sec-ブチル基、t-ブチル基、n-ペンチル基、n-へキシル基等が挙げられる。
R1としては、水素原子又は炭素数1~4のアルキル基が好ましい。
炭素数1~20の二価の脂肪族基としては、鎖状構造を有する脂肪族基;飽和環状炭化水素(シクロアルカン)構造、不飽和環状炭化水素(シクロアルケン)構造等の脂環式構造を有する脂肪族基;等が挙げられる。
これらの中でも、-O-、-O-C(=O)-、-C(=O)-O-、又は、-C(=O)-が好ましい。
該アルケニル基の炭素数としては、2~6が好ましい。Z1~Z4のアルケニル基の置換基であるハロゲン原子としては、フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子等が挙げられ、塩素原子が好ましい。
A2~A7の芳香族基は単環のものであっても、多環のものであってもよい。
A2~A7の芳香族基の具体例としては、下記のものが挙げられる。
(i)式(I)中、A1が、置換基を有していてもよい三価のベンゼン環基であり、A2~A7が、置換基を有していてもよいフェニレン基であり、Y1~Y12がそれぞれ独立して、化学的な単結合、-O-、-O-C(=O)-、-C(=O)-O-、又は、-O-C(=O)-O-であり、Z1~Z4がそれぞれ独立して、CH2=CH-、CH2=C(CH3)-、又は、CH2=C(Cl)-であり、G1~G4がそれぞれ独立して、炭素数1~12の二価のアルキレン基である重合性化合物が好ましく、
式:Z2-Y6-G2-Y4-A3-Y2-で表される基が、式:Z1-Y5-G1-Y3-A2-Y1-で表される基と同一、及び/又は、式:Z3-Y9-G3-Y8-A5-Y7-で表される基が、式:Z4-Y12-G4-Y11-A7-Y10-で表される基と同一である重合性化合物が特に好ましい。
なお、以下においては、前記式(I)中、Y7、Y10、Y1、及びY2が、それぞれ、式:Y7’-C(=O)-O-で表される基、式:Y10’-C(=O)-O-で表される基、式:Y1’-C(=O)-O-で表される基、式:Y2’-C(=O)-O-で表される基である化合物の製造方法を例にとって説明するが、本発明化合物は、これらの結合を有する化合物に限定されるわけではない。
〈製造方法1〉
このものを単離した後、このものに、式(6)で表される化合物(化合物(6))を、適当な溶媒中、(化合物(5):化合物(6))のモル比で、1:1~1:1.5の割合で反応させることにより、目的とする重合性化合物(I-1)を製造することができる(ステップ3)。
前記ステップ1、及び/又はステップ2の後、単離操作を行わずに粗生成物を用いて次の反応を行い、得られた反応混合物から目的化合物を単離することもできる。
ステップ1の反応に用いる溶媒としては、反応に不活性なものであれば特に限定されない。例えば、メチルアルコール、エチルアルコール、n-プロピルアルコール、イソプロピルアルコール、n-ブチルアルコール、イソブチルルコール、sec-ブチルアルコール、t-ブチルアルコール、n-ペンチルアルコール、アミルアルコール等のアルコール系溶媒;ジエチルエーテル、テトラヒドロフラン、1,2-ジメトキシエタン、1,4-ジオキサン、シクロペンチルメチルエーテル等のエーテル系溶媒;酢酸エチル、酢酸プロピル、プロピオン酸メチル等のエステル系溶媒;ベンゼン、トルエン、キシレン等の芳香族炭化水素系溶媒;n-ペンタン、n-ヘキサン、n-ヘプタン等の脂肪族炭化水素系溶媒;N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド、N-メチルピロリドン、ヘキサメチルリン酸トリアミド等のアミド系溶媒;ジメチルスルホキシド、スルホラン等の含硫黄系溶媒;及びこれらの2種以上からなる混合溶媒;等が挙げられる。
これらの中でも、アルコール系溶媒、エーテル系溶媒、及びアルコール系溶媒とエーテル系溶媒の混合溶媒が好ましい。
脱水剤の使用量は、カルボニル化合物(1)1モルに対して、通常0.05~5モルである。
化合物(3)と化合物(4)の反応において、化合物(4)が、式(4)中、Lが水酸基の化合物(カルボン酸)である場合には、1-エチル-3-(3-ジメチルアミノプロピル)カルボジイミド塩酸塩(WSC)、ジシクロヘキシルカルボジイミド等の脱水縮合剤の存在下に反応させることにより、目的物を得ることができる。
脱水縮合剤の使用量は、化合物(4)1モルに対し、通常1~3モルである。
用いる塩基としては、トリエチルアミン、ピリジン、4-(ジメチルアミノ)ピリジン等の有機塩基;水酸化ナトリウム、炭酸ナトリウム、炭酸水素ナトリウム等の無機塩基が挙げられる。
塩基の使用量は、化合物(4)1モルに対し、通常1~3モルである。
化合物(4)が、式(4)中、Lがメタンスルホニルオキシ基、又はp-トルエンスルホニルオキシ基の化合物(混合酸無水物)である場合も、ハロゲン原子の場合と同様である。
溶媒の使用量は、特に限定されず、用いる化合物の種類や反応規模等を考慮して適宜定めることができるが、化合物(3)1gに対し、通常1~100gである。
得られた化合物(5)に化合物(6)を反応させるステップ3の反応は、前記ステップ2の反応と同様にして行うことができる。
このものを単離した後、このものに、式(12)で表される化合物(化合物(12))を、適当な溶媒中、(化合物(11):化合物(12))のモル比で、1:1~1:1.5の割合で反応させることにより、目的とする重合性化合物(I-3)を製造することができる(ステップ3)。
前記ステップ1、及び/又はステップ2の後、単離操作を行うことなく、そのまま次のステップに進み、得られた反応混合物から目的化合物を単離してもよい。
製造方法1、2で用いる、化合物(4)、(6)(10)、(12)は、典型的には、エーテル結合(-O-)、エステル結合(-C(=O)-O-、-O-C(=O)-)、カーボネート結合(-O-C(=O)-O-)及びアミド結合(-C(=O)NH-、-NHC(=O)-)の形成反応を任意に組み合わせて、所望の構造を有する複数の公知化合物を適宜結合・修飾することにより製造することができる。
(i)式:D1-hal(halはハロゲン原子を表す。以下にて同じ。)で表される化合物と、式:D2-OMet(Metはアルカリ金属(主にナトリウム)を表す。以下にて同じ。)で表される化合物とを混合して縮合させる(ウイリアムソン合成)。なお、式中、D1及びD2は任意の有機基を表す(以下にて同じ。)
(ii)式:D1-halで表される化合物と、式:D2-OHで表される化合物とを水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウム等の塩基存在下、混合して縮合させる。
(iii)式:D1-J(Jはエポキシ基を表す。)で表される化合物と、式:D2-OHで表される化合物とを水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウム等の塩基存在下、混合して縮合させる。
(iv)式:D1-ofn(ofnは不飽和結合を有する基を表す。)で表される化合物と、式:D2-OMetで表される化合物を、水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウム等の塩基存在下、混合して付加反応させる。
(v)式:D1-halで表される化合物と、式:D2-OMetで表される化合物とを、銅あるいは塩化第一銅存在下、混合して縮合させる(ウルマン縮合)。
(vi)式:D1-COOHで表される化合物と、式:D2-OH又はD2-NH2で表される化合物とを、脱水縮合剤(N,N-ジシクロヘキシルカルボジイミド等)の存在下に脱水縮合させる。
(vii)式:D1-COOHで表される化合物にハロゲン化剤を作用させることにより、式:D1-CO-halで表される化合物を得、このものと式:D2-OH又はD2-NH2で表される化合物とを、塩基の存在下に反応させる。
(viii)式:D1-COOHで表される化合物に酸無水物を作用させることにより、混合酸無水物を得た後、このものに、式:D2-OH又はD2-NH2で表される化合物を反応させる。
(ix)式:D1-COOHで表される化合物と、式:D2-OH又はD2-NH2で表される化合物とを、酸触媒あるいは塩基触媒の存在下に脱水縮合させる。
すなわち、化合物(7)と、2倍当量の化合物(10)を反応させることにより、式(1)中、式:Z2-Y6-G2-Y4-A3-Y2-で表される基が、式:Z1-Y5-G1-Y3-A2-Y1-で表される基と同一であり、Y1が、Y1’-C(=O)-O-で表される基である化合物(1’)を得ることができる。この反応は、前記製造方法1のステップ2の反応と同様にして行うことができる。
すなわち、式(14)で表される化合物(化合物(14))と、2倍当量以上のヒドラジン(13)とを、適当な溶媒中で反応させることにより、化合物(15)を製造し、このものと、1倍当量の式(16)で表される化合物(化合物(16))とを、適当な溶媒中で反応させることにより、目的とする化合物(2’)を得ることができる。
なお、ヒドラジン(13)としては、通常、1水和物のものを用いる。ヒドラジン(13)は、市販品をそのまま使用することができる(以下にて同じ。)。
また、式:Z2-Y6-G2-Y4-A3-Y2’-で表される基、式:Z3-Y9-G3-Y8-A5-Y7’-で表される基、式:Z4-Y12-G4-Y11-A7-Y10’-で表される基が、いずれも式:Z1-Y5-G1-Y3-A2-Y1’-で表される基と同一である、式(I-5)で表される重合性化合物(重合性化合物(I-5))は、下記反応式で示すようにして製造することができる。
すなわち、製造方法2のステップ1において、化合物(8)の代わりに、製造方法1で用いる化合物(2)を、化合物(7)と反応させて、式(17)で表される化合物を得、このものに、製造方法2のステップ2と同様にして、4倍当量以上の化合物(10)を反応させて、目的とする本発明の重合性化合物(I-5)を製造することができる。
本発明の第2は、本発明の重合性化合物、及び重合開始剤を含有する重合性組成物である。重合開始剤は本発明の重合性化合物の重合反応をより効率的に行う観点から配合される。
「水素供与体」とは、露光によりビイミダゾール系化合物から発生したラジカルに対して、水素原子を供与することができる化合物を意味する。水素供与体としては、下記で定義するメルカプタン系化合物、アミン系化合物等が好ましい。
これらの重合開始剤は一種単独で、又は二種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。
本発明の重合性組成物において、重合開始剤の配合割合は、重合性化合物100重量部に対し、通常、0.1~30重量部、好ましくは0.5~10重量部である。
本発明の第3は、(1)本発明の重合性化合物を重合して得られる高分子、又は、(2)本発明の重合性組成物を重合して得られる高分子である。
ここで、「重合」とは、通常の重合反応のほか、架橋反応を含む広い意味での化学反応を意味するものとする。
本発明の重合性化合物を重合して得られる高分子としては、本発明の重合性化合物の単独重合体、本発明の重合性化合物の2種以上からなる共重合体、又は、本発明の重合性化合物と他の共重合可能な単量体との共重合体が挙げられる。
このような多官能単量体としては、1,2-ブタンジオールジアクリレート、1,3-ブタンジオールジアクリレート、1,4-ブタンジオールジアクリレート、ネオペンタンジオールジアクリレート、1,6-ヘキサンジオールジアクリレート等のアルカンジオールジアクリレート類;1,2-ブタンジオールジメタクリレート、1,3-ブタンジオールジメタクリレート、1,4-ブタンジオールジメタクリレート、ネオペンタンジオールジメタクリレート、1,6-ヘキサンジオールジメタリレート等のアルカンジオールジメタクリレート類;エチレングリコールジアクリレート、ジエチレングリコールジアクリレート、トリエチレングリコールジアクリレート、テトラエチレングリコールジアクリレート等のポリエチレングリコールジアクリレート類;プロピレングリコールジアクリレート、ジプロピレングリコールジアクリレート、トリプロピレングリコールジアクリレート、テトラプロピレングリコールジアクリレート等のポリプロピレングリコールジアクリレート類;エチレングリコールジメタクリレート、ジエチレングリコールジメタクリレート、トリエチレングリコールジメタクリレート、テトラエチレングリコールジメタクリレート等のポリエチレングリコールジメタクリレート類;プロピレングリコールジメタクリレート、ジプロピレングリコールジメタクリレート、トリプロピレングリコールジメタクリレート、テトラプロピレングリコールジメタクリレート等のポリプロピレングリコールジメタクリレート類;エチレングリコールジビニルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールジビニルエーテル、トリエチレングリコールジビニルエーテル、テトラエチレングリコールジビニルエーテル等のポリエチレングリコールジビニルエーテル類;エチレングリコールジアリルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールジアリルエーテル、トリエチレングリコールジアリルエーテル、テトラエチレングリコールジアリルエーテル等のポリエチレングリコールジアリルエーテル類;ビスフェノールFエトキシレートジアクリレート;ビスフェノールFエトキシレートジメタクリレート;ビスフェノールAエトキシレートジアクリレート;ビスフェノールAエトキシレートジメタクリレート;トリメチロールプロパントリアクリレート;トリメチロールプロパントリメタクリレート;トリメチロールプロパンエトキシレートトリアクリレート;トリメチロールプロパンエトキシレートトリメタクリレート;トリメチロールプロパンプロポキシレートトリアクリレート;トリメチロールプロパンプロポキシレートトリメタクリレート;イソシアヌル酸エトキシレートトリアクリレート;グリセロールエトキシレートトリアクリレート;グリセロールプロポキシレートトリアクリレート;ペンタエリスリトールエトキシレートテトラアクリレート;ジトリメチロールプロパンエトキリレートテトラアクリレート;ジペンタエリスリトールエトキシレートヘキサアクリレート等が挙げられる。
用いる重合開始剤としては、前記重合性組成物の成分として例示したのと同様のものが挙げられる。
また、用いる基板は、単層のものであっても、積層体であってもよい。
基板としては、有機材料が好ましく、この有機材料をフィルムとした樹脂フィルムが更に好ましい。
本発明の重合性組成物を重合することにより、本発明の高分子を容易に得ることができる。本発明においては、重合反応をより効率的に行う観点から、前記したような重合開始剤、特に光重合開始剤を含む重合性組成物を用いるのが好ましい。
本発明の高分子によれば、広い波長域において一様の偏光変換が可能な、性能面で満足のいく光学フィルムを低コストで得ることができる。
本発明の光学異方体は、本発明の高分子を構成材料とするものである。
本発明の光学異方体は、例えば、基板上に配向膜を形成し、該配向膜上に、さらに、本発明の高分子からなる液晶層を形成することによって、得ることができる。
配向膜は、例えば、ポリイミド、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリエステル、ポリアリレート、ポリアミドイミド、ポリエーテルイミド等のポリマーを含有するものである。配向膜は、このようなポリマーを含有する溶液(配向膜用組成物)を基板上に膜状に塗布し、乾燥させ、そして一方向にラビング処理等することで、得ることができる。
配向膜の厚さは0.001~5μmであることが好ましく、0.001~1μmであることがさらに好ましい。
また、ラビング処理する方法以外に、配向膜の表面に偏光紫外線を照射する方法によっても、配向膜にコレステリック規則性を持つコレステリック液晶層を面内で一方向に配向規制する機能を持たせることができる。
反応終了後、反応液を水1.5リットルに投入し、酢酸エチル500mlで抽出した。酢酸エチル層を無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥した。硫酸ナトリウムをろ別した後、ロータリーエバポレーターにてろ液から酢酸エチルを減圧留去して、淡黄色固体を得た。この淡黄色固体をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(トルエン:酢酸エチル=9:1(体積比))により精製し、白色固体として中間体Aを75g得た(収率:75.4%)。目的物の構造は1H-NMRで同定した。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3,TMS,δppm):10.20(s,1H)、8.18-8.12(m,4H)、7.78(d,1H,J=2.8Hz)、7.52(dd,1H,J=2.8Hz,8.7Hz)、7.38(d,1H,J=8.7Hz)、7.00-6.96(m,4H)、6.40(dd,2H,J=1.4Hz,17.4Hz)、6.12(dd,2H,J=10.6Hz,17.4Hz)、5.82(dd,2H,J=1.4Hz,10.6Hz)、4.18(t,4H,J=6.4Hz)、4.08-4.04(m,4H)、1.88-1.81(m,4H)、1.76-1.69(m,4H)、1.58-1.42(m,8H)
反応終了後、反応液を25℃まで冷却した後、飽和重曹水100mlに投入し、クロロホルム50mlで3回抽出した。クロロホルム層を集め、飽和食塩水50mlで洗浄し、無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥した。硫酸ナトリウムをろ別した後、ロータリーエバポレーターにてろ液からクロロホルムを減圧留去して、白色固体として中間体Bを1.6g得た。得られた固体を乾燥して、精製は行わず、そのまま次の反応に用いた。
目的物の構造は1H-NMRで同定した。
1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6,TMS,δppm):9.64(s,1H)、9.39(s,1H)、7.12(d,2H,J=8.7Hz)、7.06(d,2H,J=8.7Hz)、6.96(d,2H,J=8.7Hz)、6.86(d,2H,J=8.7Hz)、5.82(s,2H)
反応終了後、反応液を飽和重曹水200mlに投入し、酢酸エチル50mlで2回抽出した。酢酸エチル層を集め、飽和食塩水100mlで洗浄した後、無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥した。硫酸ナトリウムをろ別した後、ロータリーエバポレーターにてろ液から酢酸エチルを減圧留去して、黄色固体を得た。この黄色固体をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(トルエン:酢酸エチル=70:30(体積比))により精製し、黄色固体として中間体Cを1.9g得た(収率:60.7%)。
目的物の構造は1H-NMRで同定した。
1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3,TMS,δppm):8.70(s,1H)、8.113(d,2H,J=8.5Hz)、8.090(d,2H,J=8.5Hz)、7.74(d,1H,J=3.0Hz)、7.48(d,2H,J=8.5Hz)、7.30(dd,1H,J=2.5Hz,8.5Hz)、7.27(d,1H,J=8.5Hz)、7.15(d,2H,J=8.5Hz)、6.94(d,4H,J=8.5Hz)、6.75-6.72(m,4H)、6.412(dd,1H,J=1.5Hz,17.5Hz)、6.409(dd,1H,J=1.5Hz,17.5Hz)、6.128(dd,1H,J=10.5Hz,17.5Hz)、6.126(dd,1H,J=10.5Hz,17.5Hz)、5.833(dd,1H,J=1.5Hz,10.5Hz)、5.830(dd,1H,J=1.5Hz,10.5Hz)、4.18(t,4H,J=6.5Hz)、4.034(t,2H,J=6.5Hz)、4.030(t,2H,J=6.5Hz)、1.85-1.79(m,4H)、1.75-1.69(m,4H)、1.55-1.42(m,8H)
温度計を備えた4つ口反応器に、窒素気流中、前記ステップ3で合成した中間体C 1.0g(1.11mmol)、4-(6-アクリロイル-ヘクス-1-イルオキシ)安息香酸(DKSH社製)0.8g(2.74mmol)、4-(ジメチルアミノ)ピリジン0.34g(2.74mmol)、及びN-メチルピロリドン20mlを入れ、均一な溶液とした。この溶液に、WSC 0.63g(3.29mmol)を加え、全容を25℃にて14時間攪拌した。
反応終了後、反応液を水200mlに投入し、酢酸エチル100mlで抽出した。酢酸エチル層を無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥した。硫酸ナトリウムをろ別した後、ロータリーエバポレーターにてろ液から酢酸エチルを減圧留去して、黄色固体を得た。この黄色固体をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(トルエン:酢酸エチル=95:5(体積比))により精製し、淡黄色固体として化合物1を1.0g得た(収率:62.3%)。
目的物の構造は1H-NMRで同定した。
1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3,TMS,δppm):8.70(s,1H)、8.17-8.10(m,8H)、7.76-7.73(m,3H)、7.41-7.38(m,2H)、7.34(dd,1H,J=3.0Hz,9.0Hz)、7.29-7.27(m,3H)、7.23(d,2H,J=9.0Hz)、6.99-6.93(m,8H)、6.410(dd,2H,J=1.5Hz,17.5Hz)、6.407(dd,2H,J=17.5Hz)、6.131(dd,2H,J=10.5Hz,17.5Hz)、6.127(dd,2H,J=10.5Hz,17.5Hz)、5.828(dd,2H,J=1.5Hz,10.5Hz)、5.822(dd,2H,J=1.5Hz,10.5Hz)、4.20-4.17(m,8H)、4.07-4.02(m,8H)、1.89-1.82(m,8H)、1.76-1.70(m,8H)、1.58-1.43(m,16H)
実施例1で得た化合物1、及び、下記に示す比較例1で使用する参考例1の化合物1r(特開2008-291218号公報に開示の化合物)、比較例2で使用する参考例2の化合物2r(BASF社製、商品名:LC242)につき、以下に示す方法で相転移温度を測定した。
相転移温度の測定結果を下記表1に示す。
表1中、「C」はCrystal、「N」はNematic、「I」はIsotropicをそれぞれ表す。ここで、Crystalとは、試験化合物が固相にあることを、Nematicとは、試験化合物がネマチック液晶相にあることを、Isotropicとは、試験化合物が等方性液体相にあることを、それぞれ示す。
実施例1で得た化合物1、参考例1の化合物1r、及び参考例2の化合物2rのそれぞれを1g、光重合開始剤(ADEKA社製、アデカオプトマーN-1919)を30mg、界面活性剤(AGCセイミケミカル社製、KH-40)の1%シクロペンタノン溶液100mgをシクロペンタノン2.3gに溶解させた。この溶液を0.45μmの細孔径を有するディスポーサブルフィルターでろ過し、重合性組成物1、1r、及び2rをそれぞれ得た。
(i)配向膜を有する透明樹脂基材の作製
厚み100μmの、脂環式オレフィンポリマーからなるフィルム(日本ゼオン社製、商品名:ゼオノアフィルムZF16-100)の両面をコロナ放電処理した。当該フィルムの片面に、5%のポリビニルアルコールの水溶液を♯2のワイヤーバーを使用して塗布し、塗膜を乾燥し、膜厚0.1μmの配向膜を形成した。次いで、当該配向膜をラビング処理し、配向膜を有する透明樹脂基材を作製した。
上記で得た、配向膜を有する透明樹脂基材の、配向膜を有する面に、重合性組成物1、1r、2rを、♯4のワイヤーバーを使用して塗布した。得られた塗膜を表2に示す温度(乾燥温度)で30秒間乾燥した後、表2に示す温度(配向処理温度)で1分間配向処理し、膜厚約1.5μmの液晶層を形成した。その後、液晶層の塗布面側から2000mJ/cm2の紫外線を照射して重合させ、波長分散測定用の試料とした。
得られた試料につき、400nmから800nm間の位相差を、エリプソメーター(J.A.Woollam社製、XLS-100型)を用いて測定した。
測定した位相差を用いて、以下のように算出されるα、β値から波長分散を評価した。
逆波長分散性を示す場合、αは1より小となり、βは1より大となり、フラットな波長分散を有している場合、αとβは同程度の値となる。
これに対し、比較例1及び比較例2で得られた高分子は、αは1よりかなり大きく、αの値とβの値の差が大きいものであった。
Claims (10)
- 下記一般式(I)
Xは、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数4~12の二価の芳香族基を表す。
Y1~Y12はそれぞれ独立して、化学的な単結合、-O-、-S-、-O-C(=O)-、-C(=O)-O-、-O-C(=O)-O-、-NR1-C(=O)-、-C(=O)-NR1-、-O-C(=O)-NR1-、-NR1-C(=O)-O-、-NR1-C(=O)-NR1-、-O-NR1-、又は、-NR1-O-を表す。ここで、R1は、水素原子又は炭素数1~6のアルキル基を表す。
G1~G4はそれぞれ独立して、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数1~20の二価の脂肪族基を表す。該脂肪族基には、-O-、-S-、-O-C(=O)-、-C(=O)-O-、-O-C(=O)-O-、-NR2-C(=O)-、-C(=O)-NR2-、-NR2-、又は、-C(=O)-が介在していてもよい(ただし、-O-及び-S-がそれぞれ2以上隣接して介在する場合を除く。)。ここで、R2は、水素原子又は炭素数1~6のアルキル基を表す。
Z1~Z4はそれぞれ独立して、ハロゲン原子で置換されていてもよい炭素数2~10のアルケニル基を表す。
A1は、置換基を有していてもよい三価の芳香族基を表す。
A2~A7はそれぞれ独立して、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数4~30の二価の芳香族基を表す。
nは0又は1を表す。〕で示される重合性化合物。 - 前記一般式(I)中、A1が、置換基を有していてもよい、三価のベンゼン環基又は三価のナフタレン環基であり、A2~A7がそれぞれ独立して、置換基を有していてもよい、フェニレン基又はナフチレン基である請求項1に記載の重合性化合物。
- 前記一般式(I)中、Y1~Y12がそれぞれ独立して、化学的な単結合、-O-、-O-C(=O)-、-C(=O)-O-、又は、-O-C(=O)-O-である請求項1又は2に記載の重合性化合物。
- 前記一般式(I)中、Z1~Z4がそれぞれ独立して、CH2=CH-、CH2=C(CH3)-、又は、CH2=C(Cl)-である請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の重合性化合物。
- 前記一般式(I)中、G1~G4がそれぞれ独立して、置換基を有していてもよい、炭素数1~12の二価の脂肪族基(該脂肪族基には、-O-、-O-C(=O)-、-C(=O)-O-、又は、-C(=O)-が介在していてもよい。ただし、-O-が2以上隣接して介在する場合を除く。)である請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の重合性化合物。
- 前記一般式(I)中、Xが、置換基を有していてもよい、フェニレン基、ナフチレン基、又はビフェニレン基である請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の重合性化合物。
- 前記一般式(I)中、A1が、置換基を有していてもよい三価のベンゼン環基であり、A2~A7がそれぞれ独立して、置換基を有していてもよいフェニレン基であり、Y1~Y12がそれぞれ独立して、化学的な単結合、-O-、-O-C(=O)-、-C(=O)-O-、又は、-O-C(=O)-O-であり、Z1~Z4がそれぞれ独立して、CH2=CH-、CH2=C(CH3)-、又は、CH2=C(Cl)-であり、G1~G4がそれぞれ独立して、炭素数1~12の二価のアルキレン基である請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の重合性化合物。
- 請求項1~7のいずれかに記載の重合性化合物を少なくとも1種、及び重合開始剤を含有することを特徴とする重合性組成物。
- 請求項1~7のいずれかに記載の重合性化合物、又は請求項8に記載の重合性組成物を重合して得られる高分子。
- 請求項9に記載の高分子を構成材料とする光学異方体。
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP2727904A4 (en) | 2015-04-01 |
US20140309396A1 (en) | 2014-10-16 |
JPWO2012176679A1 (ja) | 2015-02-23 |
JP6015655B2 (ja) | 2016-10-26 |
CN103608331A (zh) | 2014-02-26 |
CN103608331B (zh) | 2015-06-10 |
US9150677B2 (en) | 2015-10-06 |
EP2727904B1 (en) | 2016-08-10 |
EP2727904A1 (en) | 2014-05-07 |
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