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  • A61K31/5375—1,4-Oxazines, e.g. morpholine
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  • C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
  • C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
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Definitions

• Isocitrate dehydrogenases catalyze the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate to 2-oxoglutarate (i.e., a-ketoglutarate). These enzymes belong to two distinct subclasses, one of which utilizes NAD(+) as the electron acceptor and the other NADP(+).
• NAD(+) the electron acceptor
• NADP(+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenases Five isocitrate dehydrogenases have been reported: three NAD(+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenases, which localize to the mitochondrial matrix, and two NADP(+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenases, one of which is mitochondrial and the other predominantly cytosolic. Each NADP(+)-dependent isozyme is a homodimer.
• IDH1 isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (NADP+), cytosolic
• IDP isocitrate dehydrogenase 1
• IDCD isocitrate dehydrogenase 1
• PICD PICD
• the protein encoded by this gene is the NADP(+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase found in the cytoplasm and peroxisomes. It contains the PTS-1 peroxisomal targeting signal sequence. The presence of this enzyme in peroxisomes suggests roles in the regeneration of NADPH for intraperoxisomal reductions, such as the conversion of 2, 4-dienoyl- CoAs to 3-enoyl-CoAs, as well as in peroxisomal reactions that consume 2-oxoglutarate, namely the alpha-hydroxylation of phytanic acid.
• the cytoplasmic enzyme serves a significant role in cytoplasmic NADPH production.
• the human IDH1 gene encodes a protein of 414 amino acids.
• the nucleotide and amino acid sequences for human IDH1 can be found as GenBank entries NM_005896.2 and
• NP 005887.2 respectively.
• the nucleotide and amino acid sequences for IDH1 are also described in, e.g., Nekrutenko et al, Mol. Biol. Evol. 15: 1674-1684(1998); Geisbrecht et al, J. Biol. Chem. 274:30527-30533(1999); Wiemann et al, Genome Res. 1 1:422-435(2001); The MGC Project Team, Genome Res.
• Non-mutant e.g., wild type
• IDH1 catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate to a-ketoglutarate thereby reducing NAD + (NADP*) to NADP (NADPH), e.g., in the forward reaction:
• Y is -N(R 5 )-, -N(R 5 )-CH 2 -, -CH 2 -N(R 5 )-, or -CH(R 5 )-;
• each R la and R Ib is independently hydrogen, -C r C 4 alkyl, -N(R 7 )(d-C 4 alkylene)- N(R 7 )(Ci-C 4 alkyl), aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, -C(0)N(R 7 )-aryl, -N(R 7 )C(0)-aryl, -(C,-C 4 alkylene)-aryl, -(C 1 -C4 alkylene)-heteroaryl, -O-(C 0 -C 4 alkylene)-aryl, -0-(Co-C 4 alkylene)- heteroaryl, -O-(C 0 -C 4 alkylene)-heterocyclyl, -O-(C 0 -C 4 alkylene)-carbocyclyl, -N(R 7 )-aryl, - N(R 7 )-heteroaryl, -N(R 9 )-
• any alkylene moiety present in R la or R lb is optionally substituted with OH or F;
• each R 7 is independently selected from hydrogen and Ci-C 4 alkyl
• G is a bond or a bivalent Ci-C 6 saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched
• M is E, or a 3-10 membered monocyclic or bicyclic, saturated, partially unsaturated, or aromatic ring having 0-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, and wherein said ring is substituted with at 1-4 groups independently selected from -D-E, oxo, N0 2 , halogen, CN, d-C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, or C 2 -C 6 alkynyl;
• D is a covalent bond or a bivalent Q-C6 saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched, hydrocarbon chain, wherein one or two methylene units of D are optionally and independently replaced by-NR 8 -, -S-, -0-, -C(0)-,-SO-, or-S0 2 -;
• E is hydrogen, Ci-C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, or C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, wherein said alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl is optionally substituted with oxo, halogen, or CN; and
• each R 8 is independently hydrogen, C -C alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, -S(0) 2 -C 2 - C 4 alkenyl, -Ci-C 6 alkoxy, or an optionally substituted group selected from phenyl, a 4-7 membered heterocyclyl having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, or a 5-6 membered monocyclic heteroaryl ring having 1 -4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur;
• R 2 is selected from phenyl, a 3-7 membered cycloalkyl, C 2 -C 4 alkyl, or CF 3 , wherein the phenyl or cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with a substituent selected from methyl or fluoro;
• each R 3 is independently selected from halo, -(Ci-C 4 alkylene)-0-(C]-C 4 alkyl),
• R 4 is selected from hydrogen, -CN, halo, d-d alkoxy, -CH 2 NH(C C 4 alkyl), C 2 -C 4 alkenyl, C 2 -C 4 alkynyl, -(d-C 4 alkyl)-0-(C C 4 alkyl), C C 4 fluoroalkyl, C(0)-N-(C C 4 alkyl) 2 , -C(0)-NH-(d-C 4 alkyl), -C(0)-0-(d-C 4 alkyl), -C(0)-OH, -S(0) 2 -(C r C 4 alkyl), and a 5-membered heteroaryl;
• R 5 is selected from: -C(0)-(C ! -C 5 alkyl) , -C(0)-(C 2 -C 6 alkenyl), -C(O)-(C 0 -C 2
• alkylene -C(0)C(0)N(R)(d-C 4 alkyl), -C(0)-0-(d-C 4 alkylene)-0-(Ci-C 4 alkyl), -(C 0 -C 4 alkylene)-0-C(0)-(d-C 4 alkyl) , -(C 0 -C 4 alkylene)-C(0)-0-(C C 4 alkyl) , -(C 0 -C 4
• alkylene -0-(d-C 4 alkyl), -C(0)-(d-C 2 alkylene)-S(O) 0-2 -(Ci-C 4 alkyl) , -S(0) 2 -(Ci-C 4 alkyl), -C(0)-(d-C 4 alkylene)-C(0)C(0)N(R 6 ) (C r C 6 alkyl) , -C(0)-(d-C 4
• any alkylene moiety present in R 5 is optionally substituted with OCH 3 , OH or F; any terminal methyl moiety present in R 5 is optionally replaced with -CH 2 OH, CF 3 , -CH 2 F, -CH 2 C1, C(0)CH 3 , C(0)CF 3 , CN, -OCH 3 , -C(0)H, -OP(0)(OH) 2 , - OP(0)(d-C 4 alkoxy) 2 or C0 2 H;
• each R 6 is independently selected from hydrogen and methyl;
• Q is selected from aryl, heteroaryl, carbocyclyl and heterocyclyl, wherein Q is optionally substituted with up to 3 substituents independently selected from Ci-C 4 alkyl optionally substituted with -OH, C r C 4 alkoxy, - C(0)0-(Ci-C 4 alkyl), -(C C 4 alkylene)-(Ci-C 4 alkoxy), -CN, -OH, fluoro, chloro, and bromo;
• m is 0 , 1 , 2 or 3.
• the compound of formula I inhibits mutant IDH1, particularly mutant IDH1 having alpha hydroxyl neoactivity. Also described herein are pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound of formula I or a salt thereof and methods of using such compositions to treat cancers characterized by the presence of a mutant IDH1.
• halo or halogen refers to any radical of fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine.
• alkyl refers to a hydrocarbon chain that may be a straight chain or branched chain, containing the indicated number of carbon atoms.
• C Ci 2 alkyl indicates that the group may have from 1 to 12 (inclusive) carbon atoms in it.
• haloalkyl refers to an alkyl in which one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by halo, and includes alkyl moieties in which all hydrogens have been replaced by halo (e.g., perfluoroalkyl).
• arylalkyl or “aralkyl” refer to an alkyl moiety in which an alkyl hydrogen atom is replaced by an aryl group.
• Aralkyl includes groups in which more than one hydrogen atom has been replaced by an aryl group.
• arylalkyl or “aralkyl” include benzyl, 2-phenylethyl, 3- phenylpropyl, 9-fluorenyl, benzhydryl, and trityl groups.
• alkylene refers to a divalent alkyl, e.g., -CH 2 -, -CH 2 CH 2 -, -CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 - and -CH 2 CH(CH 3 )CH 2 -.
• alkenyl refers to a straight or branched hydrocarbon chain containing 2-12 carbon atoms and having one or more double bonds.
• alkenyl groups include, but are not limited to, allyl, propenyl, 2-butenyl, 3-hexenyl and 3-octenyl groups.
• One of the double bond carbons may optionally be the point of attachment of the alkenyl substituent.
• alkynyl refers to a straight or branched hydrocarbon chain containing 2-12 carbon atoms and characterized in having one or more triple bonds.
• alkynyl groups include, but are not limited to, ethynyl, propargyl, and 3-hexynyl.
• One of the triple bond carbons may optionally be the point of attachment of the alkynyl substituent.
• alkoxy refers to an -O-alkyl radical.
• haloalkoxy refers to an alkoxy in which one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by halo, and includes alkoxy moieties in which all hydrogens have been replaced by halo (e.g., perfluoroalkoxy).
• aryl refers to a fully aromatic monocyclic, bicyclic, or tricyclic hydrocarbon ring system. Examples of aryl moieties are phenyl, naphthyl, and anthracenyl. Unless otherwise specified, any ring atom in an aryl can be substituted by one or more substituents.
• Carbocyclyl refers to a non-aromatic, monocyclic, bicyclic, or tricyclic hydrocarbon ring system.
• Carbocyclyl groups include fully saturated ring systems (e.g., cycloalkyls), and partially saturated ring systems.
• cycloalkyl as employed herein includes saturated cyclic, bicyclic, tricyclic, or polycyclic hydrocarbon groups having 3 to 12 carbons. Any ring atom can be substituted (e.g., by one or more substituents). Examples of cycloalkyl moieties include, but are not limited to, cyclopropyl, cyclohexyl, methylcyclohexyl, adamantyl, and norbornyl.
• heteroaryl refers to a fully aromatic 5-8 membered monocyclic, 8-12 membered bicyclic, or 11-14 membered tricyclic ring system having 1-3 heteroatoms if monocyclic, 1-6 heteroatoms if bicyclic, or 1-9 heteroatoms if tricyclic, said heteroatoms selected from O, N, or S (or the oxidized forms such as ⁇ -O " , S(O) and S(0) 2 ).
• heterocyclyl refers to a nonaromatic, 3-10 membered monocyclic, 8-12 membered bicyclic, or 11-14 membered tricyclic ring system having 1-3 heteroatoms if monocyclic, 1-6 heteroatoms if bicyclic, or 1-9 heteroatoms if tricyclic, said heteroatoms selected from O, N, or S (or the oxidized forms such as ⁇ - ⁇ ' , S(O) and S(0) 2 ).
• the heteroatom may optionally be the point of attachment of the heterocyclyl substituent.
• heterocyclyl examples include, but are not limited to, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydropyranyl, piperidinyl, morpholino, pyrrolinyl, pyrimidinyl, and pyrrolidinyl.
• Heterocyclyl groups include fully saturated ring systems, and partially saturated ring systems.
• Bicyclic and tricyclic ring systems containing one or more heteroatoms and both aromatic and non-aromatic rings where the point of attachment from the ring system to the rest of the molecule is through a non-aromatic ring are considered to be heterocyclyl groups.
• Bicyclic or tricyclic ring systems where an aryl or a heteroaryl is fused to a carbocyclyl or heterocyclyl and the point of attachment from the ring system to the rest of the molecule is through an aromatic ring are considered to be aryl or heteroaryl groups.
• each R b is independently selected from hydrogen, and -C1-C4 alkyl; or two R b s are taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bound to form a 4- to 8-membered heterocyclyl optionally comprising one additional heteroatom selected from N, S, and O; and each R b is independently selected from C 3 -C 7 carbocylyl, phenyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl, wherein one or more substitutable positions on said phenyl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl or heterocycle substituent is optionally further substituted with one or more of -(Ci-C 4 alkyl), -(C r C 4 fluoroalkyl), -OH, -0-(Ci-C 4 alkyl), -0-(d-C 4 fluoroalkyl),
• Heterocyclyl groups are optionally substituted on one or more any substitutable nitrogen atom with oxo, -C1-C4 alkyl, or fluoro-substituted Ci-C 4 alkyl.
• substituted refers to the replacement of a hydrogen atom by another group.
• the term “elevated levels of 2HG” means 10%, 20% 30%, 50%, 75%, 100%, 200%, 500% or more 2HG then is present in a subject that does not carry a mutant IDH1 allele.
• the term “elevated levels of 2HG” may refer to the amount of 2HG within a cell, within a tumor, within an organ comprising a tumor, or within a bodily fluid.
• the term "bodily fluid” includes one or more of amniotic fluid surrounding a fetus, aqueous humour, blood (e.g., blood plasma), serum, Cerebrospinal fluid, cerumen, chyme, Cowper's fluid, female ejaculate, interstitial fluid, lymph, breast milk, mucus (e.g., nasal drainage or phlegm), pleural fluid, pus, saliva, sebum, semen, serum, sweat, tears, urine, vaginal secretion, or vomit.
• blood e.g., blood plasma
• serum Cerebrospinal fluid
• cerumen cerumen
• chyme chyme
• Cowper's fluid female ejaculate
• interstitial fluid lymph
• breast milk mucus (e.g., nasal drainage or phlegm)
• mucus e.g., nasal drainage or phlegm
• pleural fluid pus, saliva, sebum, semen, serum
• inhibitor or “prevent” include both complete and partial inhibition and prevention.
• An inhibitor may completely or partially inhibit the intended target.
• treat means decrease, suppress, attenuate, diminish, arrest, or stabilize the development or progression of a disease/disorder (e.g., a cancer), lessen the severity of the disease/disorder (e.g., a cancer) or improve the symptoms associated with the disease/disorder (e.g., a cancer).
• a disease/disorder e.g., a cancer
• lessen the severity of the disease/disorder e.g., a cancer
• improve the symptoms associated with the disease/disorder e.g., a cancer
• an amount of a compound effective to treat a disorder or a
• terapéuticaally effective amount refers to an amount of the compound which is effective, upon single or multiple dose administration to a subject, in treating a cell, or in curing, alleviating, relieving or improving a subject with a disorder beyond that expected in the absence of such treatment.
• the term "subject” is intended to include human and non-human animals.
• exemplary human subjects include a human patient (referred to as a patient) having a disorder, e.g., a disorder described herein or a normal subject.
• non-human animals of the invention includes all vertebrates, e.g., non-mammals (such as chickens, amphibians, reptiles) and mammals, such as non-human primates, domesticated and/or agriculturally useful animals, e.g., sheep, dog, cat, cow, pig, etc.
• Y is -N(R 5 )-, -N(R 5 )-CH 2 -, -CH 2 -N(R 5 )-, or -CH(R 5 )-;
• each R la and R lb is independently hydrogen, -C 1 -C 4 alkyl, -N(R 7 )(C)-C 4 alkylene)- N(R 7 )(Ci-C 4 alkyl), aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, -C(0)N(R 7 )-aryl, -N(R 7 )C(0)-aryl, -(C,-C 4 alkylene)-aryl, -(C1-C4 alkylene)-heteroaryl, -O-(C 0 -C 4 alkylene)-aryl, -O-(C 0 -C alkylene)- heteroaryl, -O-(C 0 -C 4 alkylene)-heterocyclyl, -O-(C 0 -C 4 alkylene)-carbocyclyl, -N(R 7 )-aryl, - N(R 7 )-heteroaryl, -N(
• R la and R lb is not hydrogen or methyl
• any alkylene moiety present in R la or R lb is optionally substituted with OH or F;
• each R 7 is independently selected from hydrogen and Q-C 4 alkyl
• L is a covalent bond or a bivalent C 1-8 saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched, hydrocarbon chain, wherein one, two, or three methylene units of L are optionally and
• E is E, or a 3-10 membered monocyclic or bicyclic, saturated, partially unsaturated, or aromatic ring having 0-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, and wherein said ring is substituted with at 1-4 groups independently selected from -D-E, oxo, N0 2 , halogen, CN, d-C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, or C 2 -C 6 alkynyl;
• D is a covalent bond or a bivalent Ci-C 6 saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched, hydrocarbon chain, wherein one or two methylene units of D are optionally and independently replaced by-NR 8 -, -S-, -0-, -C(0)-,-SO-, or-S0 2 -;
• E is hydrogen, Ci-C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, or C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, wherein said alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl is optionally substituted with oxo, halogen, or CN; and
• each R 8 is independently hydrogen, Ci-C alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, -Ci-C 6 alkoxy, -S(0) 2 -C 2 -C 4 alkenyl, or an optionally substituted group selected from phenyl, a 4-7 membered heterocyclyl having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, or a 5-6 membered monocyclic heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur;
• R 2 is selected from phenyl, a 3-7 membered cycloalkyi, C 2 -C 4 alkyl, or CF 3 , wherein the phenyl or cycloalkyi is optionally substituted with a substituent selected from methyl or fluoro; each R 3 is independently selected from halo, -(Ci-C 4 alkylene)-0-(Ci-C 4 alkyl),- Q-C 4 fluoroalkyl, -C(0)-0-(C C 4 alkyl), -phenyl, -heteroaryl, C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyi, -CH 2 -N(C C 4 alkyl) 2 , C(0)-N-(d-C 4 alkyl) 2 , -C(0)-NH-(C r C 4 alkyl), -C1-C4 alkyl optionally substituted with one or more halo or -OH, or two R 3 s are taken together to form a 3-8
• R 4 is selected from hydrogen, -CN, halo, Ci-C 4 alkoxy, -CH 2 NH(Ci-C 4 alkyl), C 2 -C 4 alkenyl, C 2 -C 4 alkynyl, -(d-C 4 alkyl)-0-(d-C 4 alkyl), C C 4 fluoroalkyl, C(0)-N-(d-C 4 alkyl) 2 , -C(0)-NH-(C,-C 4 alkyl), -C(0)-0-(d-C 4 alkyl), -C(0)-OH, -S(0) 2 -(d-C 4 alkyl), and a 5-membered heteroaryl; R is selected from: -C(0)-(d-C5 alkyl), -C(0)-(C 2 -C 6 alkenyl), -C(O)-(C 0 -C 2 alkylene)-Q, -C(0)-(Ci-C 4 alkenylene)-Q,
• alkylene -C(0)C(0)N(R)(C,-C 4 alkyl), -C(0)-0-(C,-C 4 alkylene)-0-(C,-C 4 alkyl), -(C 0 -C 4 alkylene)-0-C(0)-(d-C 4 alkyl), -(C 0 -C 4 alkylene)-C(0)-0-(Ci-C 4 alkyl) , -(C 0 -C 4
• any alkylene moiety present in R 5 is optionally substituted with OCH 3 , OH or F; any terminal methyl moiety present in R 5 is optionally replaced with -CH 2 OH,
• each R 6 is independently selected from hydrogen and methyl
• Q is selected from aryl, heteroaryl, carbocyclyl and heterocyclyl, wherein Q is optionally substituted with up to 3 substituents independently selected from d-C 4 alkyl optionally substituted with -OH, C r C 4 alkoxy, - C(0)0-(C r C 4 alkyl), -(d-C 4 alkylene)-(Ci-C 4 alkoxy), -CN, -OH, fluoro, chloro, and bromo;
• m is 0 , 1 , 2 or 3.
• Y is -N(R 5 )- or -CH(R 5 )-;
• each R la and R lb is independently hydrogen, -C C 4 alkyl, -N(R 7 )(Ci-C 4 alkylene)- N(R 7 )(C,-C 4 alkyl), aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, -C(0)N(R 7 )-aryl, -N(R 7 )C(0)-aryl, -(Ci-C 4 alkylene)-aryl, -(CrC 4 alkylene)-heteroaryl, -0-(Ci-C 4 alkylene)-aryl, -0-(CrC 4 alkylene)- heteroaryl, -0-(Cj-C 4 alkylene)-heterocyclyl, -N(R 7 )-aryl, or -N(R 7 )-heteroaryl, wherein:
• R la and R lb is not hydrogen or methyl
• E is hydrogen, Ci-C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, or C2-C 6 alkynyl, wherein said alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl is optionally substituted with oxo, halogen, or CN; and
• each R 8 is independently hydrogen, Cj-C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, or an optionally substituted group selected from phenyl, a 4-7 membered heterocyclyl having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, or a 5-6 membered monocyclic heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur;
• R is selected from phenyl, a 3-7 membered cycloalkyl, and C 2 -C 4 alkyl, wherein the phenyl or cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with a substituent selected from methyl or fluoro; each R 3 is independently selected from -C ! -C 4 alkyl, -(C]-C 4 alkyl)-0-(Ci-C 4 alkyl),- C1-C4 fluoroalkyl, -C(0)-0-(C C 4 alkyl), -phenyl, -heteroaryl, C 3 -C 7
• R 3 s are taken together to form a 3-8 saturated ring or a fused phenyl wherein said saturated ring or fused phenyl is optionally substituted with 1 to 2 methyl groups;
• R 4 is selected from hydrogen, -CN, halo, C C 4 alkoxy, -CH 2 NH(Ci-C 4 alkyl), C 2 -C 4 alkenyl, C 2 -C 4 alkynyl, -(C C 4 alkyl)-0-(C C 4 alkyl), d-C 4 fluoroalkyl, C(0)-N-(C,-C 4 alkyl) 2 , -C(0)-NH-(C r C 4 alkyl), -C(0)-0-(C 1 -C 4 alkyl), -C(0)-OH, -S(0) 2 -(C C 4 alkyl), and a 5 -membered heteroaryl;
• R 5 is selected from: -CCOHd-Qalkyl), -C(O)-(CH 2 ) 0-2 -Q,
• any alkylene moiety present in R 5 is optionally substituted with OH or F;
• any terminal methyl moiety present in R 5 is optionally replaced with -CH 2 OH,
• each R 6 is independently selected from hydrogen and methyl
• Q is selected from aryl, heteroaryl, carbocyclyl and heterocyclyl, wherein Q is optionally substituted with up to 3 substituents independently selected from Ci-C 4 alkyl, d-C 4 alkoxy, -CN, fluoro, chloro, and bromo; and
• m is 0 , 1 , 2 or 3.
• m is 0, 1 or 2; and each R 3 , if present, is independently selected from methyl, ethyl, CF 3 , isopropyl, cyclopropyl and phenyl. In some embodiments, R 3 is methyl or cyclopropyl. In some embodiments, R 3 is methyl. In some embodiments, R 3 is cyclopropyl.
• n is 1. In some embodiments, m is 2.
• m is 1 and R 3 is C 3-7 cycloalkyl (e.g., cyclopropyl). In some embodiments, m is 1 and R 3 is Cj-C 4 (alkyl) (e.g., methyl or isopropyl). In some embodiments, m is 1 and R 3 is haloalkyl (e.g., Ci-C 4 fluoroalkyl, e.g., CF 3 ). In some embodiments, m is 2, one R 3 is C 1-4 alkyl (e.g., methyl) and the other R 3 is halo (e.g., fluoro).
• R 3 is C 3-7 cycloalkyl (e.g., cyclopropyl). In some embodiments, m is 1 and R 3 is Cj-C 4 (alkyl) (e.g., methyl or isopropyl). In some embodiments, m is 1 and R 3 is haloalkyl (e.g., Ci-
• R 4 is -CN or -C(0)-0-(C ! -C 4 alkyl). In some embodiments, R 4 is
• Y is -N(R 5 )-CH 2 - or -CH 2 -N(R 5 )-; R 5 is -C(0)-Q and Q is cyclopropyl.
• Y is -N(R 5 )-; R 5 is -C(0)R 10 ; and R 10 is selected from heteroaryl, aryl, -CH 2 -aryl, -CH 2 -heteroaryl, and -(CH 2 ) 2 -0-CH3, wherein any aryl or heteroaryl portion of R 8 is optionally substituted with methyl.
• Y is -N(R 5 )-;
• R 5 is selected from selected from: -C(0)-(Ci-Cs alkyl), -C(0)-(C 2 -C 6 alkenyl), -C(O)-(C 0 -C 2 alkylene)-Q, -C(0)-(Ci-C 4 alkenylene)- Q, -C(O)-(C 0 -C 2 alkylene)-N(R 6 )-(C 0 -C 2 alkylene)-Q, -C(0)-(Ci-C 2 alkylene)-0-( C 0 -C 2 alkylene)-Q, -C(0)-(d-C 4 alkylene)-0-C(0)-(C C 4 alkyl), -C(0)-(Ci-C 4
• any alkylene moiety present in R 5 is optionally substituted with OCH 3 , OH or F; any terminal methyl moiety present in R 5 is optionally replaced with -CH 2 OH,
• each R 6 is independently selected from hydrogen and methyl
• Q is cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, oxetanyl, furanyl, azetidinonyl, pyrrolidinonyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, dihydrofuranonyl, or cyclopentyl, wherein each member of Q is optionally substituted with up to 3 substituents independently selected from Cj-C 4 alkyl optionally substituted with OH, d-C 4 alkoxy, - C(0)0-(Ci-C 4 alkyl), -(Ci-C 4 alkylene)-(Ci-C 4
• Y is -N(R 5 )-; and R 5 is -C(0)-(d-C 3 alkyl)-0-(d-C 2 alkyl), - C(0)-Q, -C(0)-(d-C 5 alkyl), -C(0)-(C r C 2 alkylene)-Q, -C(0)-(C 2 -C 4 alkenyl), -C(0)0-(C,-C 4 alkyl), or -C(0)-(Ci-C 4 alkenylene)-Q; wherein: any alkylene moiety present in R 5 is optionally substituted with OH; any terminal methyl moiety present in R 5 is optionally replaced with -OH, CF 3 , OCH 3 , -C(0)H, OP(0)(Ci-C 4 alkoxy) 2 , or -OP(0)(OH) 2 (or a salt thereof, such as a sodium salt); Q is cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, oxet
• each member of Q is optionally substituted with one substituent independently selected from Ci-C 4 alkyl optionally substituted with OH, C C 4 alkoxy, -(C r C 4 alkylene)-(Ci-C 4 alkoxy), and -OH.
• Y is -N(R 5 )-; and R 5 is -C(0)-(C!-C 3 alkyl)-0-(C 1 -C 2 alkyl). In some embodiments, Y is -N(R 5 )-; and R 5 is -C(0)-(CH 2 ) 2 -OCH 3 . In some embodiments, Y is - N(R 5 )- and R 5 is -C(0)-(C,-C 3 alkyl)-CF 3 . In some embodiments, Y is -N(R 5 )- and R 5 is - C(0)-CH 2 -CF 3 .
• Y is -N(R 5 )-; R 5 is -C(0)-Q and Q is cyclopropyl, oxetanyl or furanyl.
• Y is -N(R 5 )- and R 5 is -C(0)-CH 2 -CH 2 OH.
• Y is -N(R 5 )-; R 5 is -C(0)-Q where Q is substituted with Q- 4 alkoxy.
• Y is -N(R 5 )- and R 5 is -C(0)-cyclopropyl substituted with C 1 -4 alkoxy (e.g., ethoxy).
• Y is -N(R 5 )- and R 5 is -C(0)-OCH 3 . In some embodiments, Y is -N(R 5 )- and R 5 -C(0)-Q where Q is substituted with (CM alkylene)-OCH 3 . In some embodiments, Y is -N(R 5 )- and R 5 -C(0)-cyclopropyl substituted with CH 2 OCH 3 . In some embodiments, Y is -N(R 5 )- and R 5 -C(0)-Q where Q is substituted with C 1-4 alkyl wherein alkyl is optionally substituted with -OH .
• Y is -N(R 5 )- and R 5 -C(O)- cyclopropyl substituted with CH 2 OH.
• Y is -N(R 5 )-; R 5 is -C(0)-Q where Q is substituted with OH.
• Y is -N(R 5 )-; R 5 is -C(0)-cyclopropyl substituted with OH.
• Y is -N(R 5 )-; R 5 is -C(0)-(C 1-4 alkyl)-OH.
• Y is -N(R 5 )-; R 5 is -C(0)-CH 2 C(OH)(CH 3 ) 2 .
• Y is - N(R 5 )-; R 5 is -C(0)-CH 2 CH(OH)CH 3 . In some embodiments, Y is -N(R 5 )-; R 5 is -C(O)- CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 OH. In some embodiments, Y is -N(R 5 )-; R 5 is -C(0)-CH 2 CH 2 OH. In some embodiments, Y is -N(R 5 )-; and R 5 is -C(0)-(C!-C4 alkyl). In some embodiments, Y is -N(R 5 )-; and R 5 is -C(0)-CH 3 .
• Y is -N(R 5 )-; R 5 is -C(0)-(C ]-4 alkyl)-(OCH 3 ) 2 . In some embodiments, Y is -N(R 5 )-; R 5 is -C(0)-CH 2 CH 2 C(H)(OCH 3 ) 2 . In some embodiments,
• Y is -N(R 5 )-; R 5 is -C(0)-(C 1-4 alkyl)-C(0)H. In some embodiments, Y is -N(R 5 )-; R 5 is - C(0)-CH 2 CH 2 C(0)H. In some embodiments, Y is -N(R 5 )-; R 5 is -C(0)-C(cyclopropyl)(OH).
• Y is -N(R 5 )-; R 5 is -C(0)-(C alkyl)-C(0)OCH 3 . In some embodiments,
• Y is -N(R 5 )-; R 5 is -C(0)-CH 2 CH 2 C(0)OCH 3 . In some embodiments, Y is -N(R 5 )- and R 5 is -C(O)-(C 0 -C 2 alkylene)-Q.
• Y is -N(R 5 )- and R 5 is -C(O)-(C 0 -C 2 alkylene)-Q, where Q is cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, oxetanyl, furanyl, azetidinonyl, pyrrolidinonyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, dihydrofuranonyl, or cyclopentyl.
• Y is -N(R 5 )- and R 5 is -C(0)-CH 2 -oxetanyl, -C(0)-CH 2 -azetidinonyl, -C(0)-CH 2 -pyrrolidinonyl, -C(0)-CH 2 - cyclobutyl, -C(0)-CH 2 -cyclopropyl, -C(0)-CH 2 CH 2 -cyclopropyl, -C(0)-CH 2 -tetrahydrofuranyl, -C(0)-CH 2 -dihydrofuranone, -C(0)-CH 2 CH 2 -oxetanyl, -C(0)-CH 2 CH 2 -furanyl, -C(0)-CH 2 - tetrahydrofuranyl, -C(0)-CH 2 CH 2 -tetrahydrofuranyl or -C(0)-CH 2 -cyclopentyl.
• R 5 (C0-C4 alkylene)-C(0)-0-(C,-C 4 alkyl).
• Y is -N(R 5 )- and
• Y is -N(R 5 )- and R 5 -C(0)-(C]-C 4 alkyl)- OP(0)(Ci-C 4 alkoxy) 2 .
• Y is -N(R 5 )- and R 5 -C(0)-CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 - OP(0)(t-butoxy) 2 .
• Y is -N(R 5 )- and R 5 -C(0)-(C C C 4 alkyl)-OP(0)(OH) 2 or a salt thereof, such as a sodium salt.
• Y is -N(R 5 )- and
• one of R la or R lb is selected from hydrogen and methyl; and the other of R la or R lb is selected from isopropyl, -N(CH 3 )-(CH 2 ) 2 -NH-CH 3 , aryl,
• any aryl or heteroaryl of R la or R lb is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from alkoxy, OH, halo, d-C 6 alkyl, -CF 3 , CN, -OC(0)CH 3 , and -OCF 3 .
• one of R la or R lb is selected from hydrogen and methyl; and the other of R la or R lb is selected from aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, -(Q-Q alkylene)-aryl, -(C1-C4 alkylene)-heteroaryl, -O-(C 0 -C 4 alkylene)-aryl, -O-(C 0 -C 4 alkylene)-heteroaryl, -N(R 7 )-aryl, - N(R 7 )heteroaryl, -N(R 9 )-aryl, or -N(R 9 )-heteroaryl, wherein said aryl, heterocyclyl, or heteroaryl is substituted with -G-L-M, CH 3 , CN, alkoxy, OH, halo, Ci-C 6 alkyl, -CF 3 , -OC(0)CH 3 , or -OCF 3 .
• one of R la or R lb is selected from hydrogen and methyl; and the other of R la or R lb is selected from aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, -(C]-C 4 alkylene)-aryl, -(C 1 -C4 alkylene)-heteroaryl, -O-(C 0 -C 4 alkylene)-aryl, -O-(C 0 -C 4 alkylene)-heteroaryl, -N(R 7 )-aryl, - N(R 7 )heteroaryl, -N(R 9 )-aryl, or -N(R 9 )-heteroaryl, wherein said aryl or heteroaryl is substituted with -G-L-M, CH 3 , or CN.
• R la is H and R lb is aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, -(C1-C4
• alkylene)-aryl -(C 1 -C 4 alkylene)-heteroaryl, -O-(C 0 -C 4 alkylene)-aryl, or -0-(Co-C 4 alkylene)- heteroaryl, -N(R 7 )-aryl, -N(R 7 )heteroaryl, -N(R 9 )-aryl, -N(R 9 )-heteroaryl, wherein said aryl or heteroaryl is substituted with -G-L-M, CH 3 , or CN.
• R la is H and R lb is aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, -CH 2 -aryl, -CH 2 -heteroaryl, -O- aryl, -O-heteroaryl, -0-(CH 2 )-aryl, -0-CH(CH 3 )-aryl, -0(CH)(C(CH 3 ) 2 )-aryl,-0-CH(CH 2 CH 3 )- aryl, -NH-aryl, -NH-heteroaryl, -N(CH 3 )-aryl, -N(CH 3 )-heteroaryl, -N(aryl)-aryl, -N(heteroaryl)- heteroaryl, -0-(CH 2 )-heteroaryl or -0-CH(CH 3 )-heteroaryl, wherein aryl is phenyl, heteroaryl is pyridyl, pyrimidinyl,
• heterocyclyl is benzodioxole, pyridazinone, benzoxazolone, indolinone, N-methylindolinone, piperazinyl, N-methylisoquinolinone, tetrahydropyridinyl, dihydropyrrolyl and said phenyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, naphthyridinyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, isoxazolyl, benzoxazolyl, imidazopyrazinyl, benzothiazolyl,benzimidazolyl, pyrollopyridinyl, pyrazolopyridinyl, indolyl, indazolyl, imidazopyridinyl, quinoxalinyl, quinazolinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrazolyl, benzodioxole, pyridazinone, benzoxazolone, indolin
• R ,a is methyl and R l b is aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, -O-(C 0 -C 4 alkylene)-aryl, or -O-(C 0 -C 4 alkylene)-heteroaryl, wherein said aryl or heteroaryl is substituted with -G-L-M, CH 3 , or CN.
• R la is methyl or H and R lb is aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, -0-(CH 2 )-aryl, -0-CH(CH 3 )-aryl, -0-(CH 2 )-heteroaryl or -0-CH(CH 3 )-heteroaryl, wherein aryl is phenyl or naphthyl and heteroaryl is quinolinyl, pyrazolyl, isoquinolinyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, indolyl, or pyrazolyl, and heterocyclyl is tetrahydropyridinyl and said phenyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, indolyl, or pyrazolyl is substituted with -G-L-M, halo (e.g., chloro or fluoro), CH 3 , or CN.
• -G-G-M halo (e.g.,
• R 2 is selected from isopropyl, cyclopropyl, cyclohexyl, and phenyl. In some embodiments, R 2 is cyclopropyl. In some embodiments, R 2 is isopropyl.
• R 4 is CN; Y is -N(R 5 )-; R 5 is -C(0)R 10 ; and the compound has Structural Formula II:
• R la or R lb is selected from hydrogen and methyl
• R la or R lb is selected from aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, -(C1-C4 alkylene)- aryl, -(CrC 4 alkylene)-heteroaryl, -0-(Co-C 4 alkylene)-aryl, -O-(C 0 -C 4 alkylene)-heteroaryl, - N(R 7 )-aryl, -N(R 7 )heteroaryl, -N(R 9 )-aryl, or -N(R 9 )-heteroaryl, wherein said aryl, heterocyclyl, or heteroaryl is substituted with -G-L-M, CH 3 , CN, alkoxy, OH, halo, Ci-C 6
• alkyl -CF 3 , -OC(0)CH 3> or -OCF 3 ;
• R 2 is selected from isopropyl, cyclopropyl, cyclohexyl, and phenyl;
• each R 3 if present, is selected from methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, CF 3 , cyclopropyl and phenyl;
• R 10 is selected from -(Q-Cj alkyl)-0-(Ci-C 2 alkyl), Q, alkyl), C C 2 alkylene)-Q, (C 2 -C 4 alkenyl), -0-(C ! -C 4 alkyl), or -(Ci-C 4 alkenylene)-Q; wherein: any alkylene moiety present in R 10 is optionally substituted with OH; any terminal methyl moiety present in R 10 is optionally replaced with -OH, CF 3 , OCH 3 , -C(0)H, -OP(0)(Ci-C 4 alkoxy) 2 , or -OP(0)(OH) 2 (or a salt thereof, such as a sodium salt); Q is cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, oxetanyl, furanyl,
• each member of Q is optionally substituted with one substituent independently selected from C1-C4 alkyl optionally substituted with OH, Ci-C 4 alkoxy, -(C1-C4 alkylene)-(Ci-C 4 alkoxy), and -OH; and
• n 0 , 1 , or 2. In certain embodiments, m is 1 ; and the compound has Structural Formula Ila:
• R Ia is hydrogen or methyl
• R lb is selected from aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, -(C1-C 4 alkylene)-aryl, -(C 1 -C 4 alkylene)-heteroaryl, -O-(C 0 -C4 alkylene)-aryl, -O-(C 0 -C 4 alkylene)-heteroaryl, -N(R 7 )-aryl, - N(R 7 )heteroaryl, -N(R 9 )-aryl, or -N(R 9 )-heteroaryl, wherein said aryl, heterocyclyl, or heteroaryl is substituted with -G-L-M, CH 3 , CN, alkoxy, OH, halo, C r C 6 alkyl, -CF 3 , -OC(0)CH 3 , or -OCF3;
• R is selected from isopropyl, cyclopropyl, cyclohexyl, and phenyl;
• each R 3 if present, is selected from methyl, isopropyl, and cyclopropyl;
• R 10 is selected from -(C1-C3 alkyl)-0-(Ci-C 2 alkyl), Q, (C 1 -C5 alkyl), Ci-C 2 alkylene)-Q, (C2-C4 alkenyl), -0-(C!-C 4 alkyl), or -(C]-C 4 alkenylene)-Q; wherein: any alkylene moiety present in R 10 is optionally substituted with OH; any terminal methyl moiety present in R 10 is optionally replaced with -OH, CF 3 , OCH 3 , -C(0)H, -OP(0)(d-C 4 alkoxy) 2 , or -OP(0)(OH) 2 (or a salt thereof, such as a sodium salt); Q is cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, oxetanyl, furanyl, azetidinonyl, pyrrolidinonyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, dihydrofuranonyl
• R 4 is CN; Y is -N(R 5 )-; R 5 is -C(0)R 10 ; and the compound has Structural Formula II:
• R la or R lb is selected from hydrogen and methyl
• R la or R lb is selected from isopropyl, -N(CH 3 )-(CH 2 ) 2 -NH-CH 3 , aryl, heteroaryl, -CH 2 -aryl, -CH 2 -heteroaryl, -0-CH 2 -aryl, and -0-CH 2 -heteroaryl; wherein any aryl or heteroaryl portion of R la or R lb is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from alkoxy, hydroxy, halo, Ci-C 6 alkyl, -CF 3 , -OC(0)CH 3 , and -OCF 3 ;
• R 2 is selected from isopropyl, cyclopropyl, cyclohexyl, and phenyl;
• each R 3 if present, is selected from methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, cyclopropyl and phenyl;
• R 10 is selected from heteroaryl, aryl, -CH 2 -aryl, -CH 2 -heteroaryl, and -(CH 2 ) 2 -0-CH 3 , wherein any aryl or heteroaryl portion of R 10 is optionally substituted with methyl; and
• m is 0 , 1 , or 2.
• m is 1 ; and the compound has Structural Formula Ila:
• R la is selected from hydrogen and methyl
• R lb is selected from aryl, and heteroaryl; wherein the aryl or heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from methoxy, fluoro, chloro, methyl, -CF 3 , -OCF 3 ;
• R 2 is selected from isopropyl and cyclopropyl
• R 3 is selected from methyl, ethyl, isopropyl and cyclopropyl
• R 10 is selected from -(CH 2 ) 2 -0-CH 3 , furan-3-yl, 2-methylfuran-3-yl and thien-2-yl.
• R 4 is CN;
• Y is -N(R 5 )-;
• R 5 is -C(0)R 10 ; and the compound has Structural Formula II:
• R la is H
• R lb is aryl, heteroaryl, -0-(C!-C4 alkylene)-aryl, or -0-(C ! -C 4 alkylene)-heteroaryl, wherein said aryl or heteroaryl is substituted with -G-L-M, CH 3 , or CN;
• R is selected from isopropyl, cyclopropyl, cyclohexyl, and phenyl;
• each R 3 if present, is selected from methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, cyclopropyl and phenyl;
• R 10 is selected from heteroaryl, aryl, -CH 2 -aryl, -CH 2 -heteroaryl, and -(CH 2 ) 2 -0-CH 3 , wherein any aryl or heteroaryl portion of R 10 is optionally substituted with methyl; and
• m is 0 , 1 , or 2.
• m is 1; and the compound has Structural Formula Ila:
• R la is H
• R lb is aryl, heteroaryl, -0-(CH 2 )-aryl, -0-CH(CH 3 )-aryl, -0-(CH 2 )-heteroaryl
• aryl is phenyl and heteroaryl is pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, indolyl, or pyrazolyl, and said phenyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, indolyl or pyrazolyl is substituted with -G-L- M, CH 3 , or CN;
• R is selected from isopropyl and cyclopropyl
• R 3 is selected from methyl, ethyl, isopropyl and cyclopropyl
• R 10 is selected from -(CH 2 ) 2 -0-CH 3 , furan-3-yl, , 2-methylfuran-3-yl and thien-2-yl.
• the compound is selected from any one of the compounds set forth in Table 1 , below.
• the compound is selected from any one of the compounds set forth in Table 5, below.
• the compounds of this invention may contain one or more asymmetric centers and thus occur as racemates, racemic mixtures, scalemic mixtures, and diastereomeric mixtures, as well as single enantiomers or individual stereoisomers that are substantially free from another possible enantiomer or stereoisomer.
• substantially free of other stereoisomers means a preparation enriched in a compound having a selected stereochemistry at one or more selected stereocenters by at least about 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%.
• enriched means that at least the designated percentage of a preparation is the compound having a selected stereochemistry at one or more selected stereocenters.
• the compounds of Formula I, II and Ila may also comprise one or more isotopic substitutions.
• H may be in any isotopic form, including 1H, 2 H (D or deuterium), and 3 H (T or tritium);
• C may be in any isotopic form, including 12 C, 13 C, and 14 C;
• O may be in any isotopic form, including 16 0 and 18 0; and the like.
• the compounds of this invention may also be represented in multiple tautomeric forms, in such instances, the invention expressly includes all tautomeric forms of the compounds described herein, even though only a single tautomeric form may be represented (e.g., alkylation of a ring system may result in alkylation at multiple sites, the invention expressly includes all such reaction products). All such isomeric forms of such compounds are expressly included in the present invention. All crystal forms of the compounds described herein are expressly included in the present invention.
• a corresponding salt of the active compound for example, a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt.
• a salt may be formed with a suitable cation.
• suitable inorganic cations include, but are not limited to, alkali metal ions such as Na + and K + , alkaline earth cations such as Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ , and other cations such as Al 3+ .
• suitable organic cations include, but are not limited to, ammonium ion i.e., NH ⁇ and substituted ammonium ions (e.g., NH 3 R + , NH 2 R 2+ , NHR 3+ , NR 4+ ).
• suitable substituted ammonium ions are those derived from: ethylamine, diethylamine,
• dicyclohexylamine triethylamine, butylamine, ethylenediamine, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, piperazine, benzylamine, phenylbenzylamine, choline, meglumine, and tromethamine, as well as amino acids, such as lysine and arginine.
• An example of a common quaternary ammonium ion is N(CH 3 ) 4 + .
• a salt may be formed with a suitable anion.
• suitable inorganic anions include, but are not limited to, those derived from the following inorganic acids:
• hydrochloric hydrobromic, hydroiodic, sulfuric, sulfurous, nitric, nitrous, phosphoric, and phosphorous.
• suitable organic anions include, but are not limited to, those derived from the following organic acids: 2-acetyoxybenzoic, acetic, ascorbic, aspartic, benzoic,
• glucoheptonic, gluconic, glutamic glycolic, hydroxymaleic, hydroxynaphthalene carboxylic, isethionic, lactic, lactobionic, lauric, maleic, malic, methanesulfonic, mucic, oleic, oxalic, palmitic, pamoic, pantothenic, phenylacetic, phenylsulfonic, propionic, pyruvic, salicylic, stearic, succinic, sulfanilic, tartaric, toluenesulfonic, and valeric.
• suitable polymeric organic anions include, but are not limited to, those derived from the following polymeric acids: tannic acid, carboxymethyl cellulose.
• a reference to a particular compound also includes salt forms thereof.
• compositions and routes of administration are provided.
• compositions may be formulated together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or adjuvant into pharmaceutically acceptable compositions prior to be administered to a subject.
• pharmaceutically acceptable compositions further comprise additional therapeutic agents in amounts effective for achieving a modulation of disease or disease symptoms, including those described herein.
• pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or adjuvant refers to a carrier or adjuvant that may be administered to a subject, together with a compound of this invention, and which does not destroy the pharmacological activity thereof and is nontoxic when administered in doses sufficient to deliver a therapeutic amount of the compound.
• Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, adjuvants and vehicles that may be used in the pharmaceutical compositions of this invention include, but are not limited to, ion exchangers, alumina, aluminum stearate, lecithin, self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) such as d- a-tocopherol polyethyleneglycol 1000 succinate, surfactants used in pharmaceutical dosage forms such as Tweens or other similar polymeric delivery matrices, serum proteins, such as human serum albumin, buffer substances such as phosphates, glycine, sorbic acid, potassium sorbate, partial glyceride mixtures of saturated vegetable fatty acids, water, salts or electrolytes, such as protamine sulfate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, potassium hydrogen phosphate, sodium chloride, zinc salts, colloidal silica, magnesium trisilicate, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, cellulose-based substances, polyethylene glycol, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, polyacrylates, waxes, polyethylene
• Cyclodextrins such as ⁇ -, ⁇ -, and ⁇ -cyclodextrin, or chemically modified derivatives such as hydroxyalkylcyclodextrins, including 2- and 3-hydroxypropyl-P-cyclodextrins, or other solubilized derivatives may also be advantageously used to enhance delivery of compounds of the formulae described herein.
• compositions of this invention may be administered orally, parenterally, by inhalation spray, topically, rectally, nasally, buccally, vCompound AGInally or via an implanted reservoir, preferably by oral administration or administration by injection.
• the pharmaceutical compositions of this invention may contain any conventional non-toxic pharmaceutically-acceptable carriers, adjuvants or vehicles.
• the pH of the formulation may be adjusted with pharmaceutically acceptable acids, bases or buffers to enhance the stability of the formulated compound or its delivery form.
• parenteral as used herein includes subcutaneous, intracutaneous, intravenous, intramuscular, intraarticular, intraarterial, intrasynovial, intrasternal, intrathecal, intralesional and intracranial injection or infusion techniques.
• the pharmaceutical compositions may be in the form of a sterile injectable preparation, for example, as a sterile injectable aqueous or oleCompound AGInous suspension.
• This suspension may be formulated according to techniques known in the art using suitable dispersing or wetting agents (such as, for example, Tween 80) and suspending agents.
• the sterile injectable preparation may also be a sterile injectable solution or suspension in a non-toxic parenterally acceptable diluent or solvent, for example, as a solution in 1,3-butanediol.
• suitable vehicles and solvents that may be employed are mannitol, water, Ringer's solution and isotonic sodium chloride solution.
• sterile, fixed oils are conventionally employed as a solvent or suspending medium.
• any bland fixed oil may be employed including synthetic mono- or diglycerides.
• Fatty acids, such as oleic acid and its glyceride derivatives are useful in the preparation of injectables, as are natural pharmaceutically-acceptable oils, such as olive oil or castor oil, especially in their polyoxyethylated versions.
• These oil solutions or suspensions may also contain a long-chain alcohol diluent or dispersant, or carboxymethyl cellulose or similar dispersing agents which are commonly used in the formulation of pharmaceutically acceptable dosage forms such as emulsions and or suspensions.
• surfactants such as Tweens or Spans and/or other similar emulsifying agents or bioavailability enhancers which are commonly used in the manufacture of pharmaceutically acceptable solid, liquid, or other dosage forms may also be used for the purposes of formulation.
• compositions of this invention may be orally administered in any orally acceptable dosage form including, but not limited to, capsules, tablets, emulsions and aqueous suspensions, dispersions and solutions.
• carriers which are commonly used include lactose and corn starch.
• Lubricating agents such as magnesium stearate, are also typically added.
• useful diluents include lactose and dried corn starch.
• compositions of this invention may also be administered in the form of suppositories for rectal administration.
• These compositions can be prepared by mixing a compound of this invention with a suitable non-irritating excipient which is solid at room temperature but liquid at the rectal temperature and therefore will melt in the rectum to release the active components.
• suitable non-irritating excipient include, but are not limited to, cocoa butter, beeswax and polyethylene glycols.
• Topical administration of the pharmaceutical compositions of this invention is useful when the desired treatment involves areas or organs readily accessible by topical application.
• the pharmaceutical composition should be formulated with a suitable ointment containing the active components suspended or dissolved in a carrier.
• Carriers for topical administration of the compounds of this invention include, but are not limited to, mineral oil, liquid petroleum, white petroleum, propylene glycol, polyoxyethylene
• the pharmaceutical composition can be formulated with a suitable lotion or cream containing the active compound suspended or dissolved in a carrier with suitable emulsifying agents.
• suitable carriers include, but are not limited to, mineral oil, sorbitan monostearate, polysorbate 60, cetyl esters wax, cetearyl alcohol, 2-octyldodecanol, benzyl alcohol and water.
• the pharmaceutical compositions of this invention may also be topically applied to the lower intestinal tract by rectal suppository formulation or in a suitable enema formulation. Topically-transdermal patches are also included in this invention.
• compositions of this invention may be administered by nasal aerosol or inhalation.
• Such compositions are prepared according to techniques well-known in the art of pharmaceutical formulation and may be prepared as solutions in saline, employing benzyl alcohol or other suitable preservatives, absorption promoters to enhance bioavailability, fluorocarbons, and/or other solubilizing or dispersing agents known in the art.
• compositions of this invention comprise a combination of a compound of the formulae described herein and one or more additional therapeutic or prophylactic agents
• both the compound and the additional agent should be present at dosage levels of between about 1 to 100%, and more preferably between about 5 to 95% of the dosage normally administered in a monotherapy regimen.
• the additional agents may be administered separately, as part of a multiple dose regimen, from the compounds of this invention. Alternatively, those agents may be part of a single dosage form, mixed together with the compounds of this invention in a single composition.
• the compounds described herein can, for example, be administered by injection, intravenously, intraarterially, subdermally, intraperitoneally, intramuscularly, or subcutaneously; or orally, buccally, nasally, transmucosally, topically, in an ophthalmic preparation, or by inhalation, with a dosage ranging from about 0.5 to about 100 mg/kg of body weight, alternatively dosages between 1 mg and 1000 mg/dose, every 4 to 120 hours, or according to the requirements of the particular drug.
• the methods herein contemplate administration of an effective amount of compound or compound composition to achieve the desired or stated effect.
• the pharmaceutical compositions of this invention will be administered from about 1 to about 6 times per day or alternatively, as a continuous infusion.
• Such administration can be used as a chronic or acute therapy.
• the amount of active ingredient that may be combined with the carrier materials to produce a single dosage form will vary depending upon the host treated and the particular mode of administration.
• a typical preparation will contain from about 5% to about 95% active compound (w/w).
• such preparations contain from about 20% to about 80% active compound.
• Lower or higher doses than those recited above may be required.
• Specific dosage and treatment regimens for any particular subject will depend upon a variety of factors, including the activity of the specific compound employed, the age, body weight, general health status, sex, diet, time of administration, rate of excretion, drug combination, the severity and course of the disease, condition or symptoms, the subject's disposition to the disease, condition or symptoms, and the judgment of the treating physician.
• a maintenance dose of a compound, composition or combination of this invention may be administered, if necessary. Subsequently, the dosage or frequency of administration, or both, may be reduced, as a function of the symptoms, to a level at which the improved condition is retained when the symptoms have been alleviated to the desired level. Subjects may, however, require intermittent treatment on a long- term basis upon any recurrence of disease symptoms.
• compositions described above comprising a compound of Structural Formula I, II or Ila or a compound described in any one of the embodiments herein, may further comprise another therapeutic agent useful for treating cancer.
• the cancer to be treated is characterized by a mutant allele of IDH1 wherein the IDH1 mutation result in a new ability of the enzyme to catalyze the NAPH-dependent reduction of a-ketoglutarate to i?(-)-2-hydroxyglutarate in a subject.
• the mutant IDH1 has an R132X mutation.
• the R132X mutation is selected from R132H, R132C, R132L, R132V, R132S and R132G. In another aspect, the R132X mutation is R132H or R132C. In yet another aspect, the R132X mutation is R132H.
• Also provided are methods of treating a cancer characterized by the presence of a mutant allele of IDH1 comprising the step of administering to subject in need thereof (a) a compound of Structural Formula I, II or Ila, a compound described in any one of the embodiments herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or (b) a pharmaceutical composition comprising (a) and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
• the cancer to be treated is characterized by a mutant allele of IDH1 wherein the IDH1 mutation result in a new ability of the enzyme to catalyze the NAPH- dependent reduction of a-ketoglutarate to i?(-)-2-hydroxyglutarate in a patient.
• the IDH1 mutation is an R132X mutation.
• the R132X mutation is selected from R132H, R132C, R132L, R132V, R132S and R132G.
• the R132X mutation is R132 H or R132C.
• a cancer can be analyzed by sequencing cell samples to determine the presence and specific nature of (e.g., the changed amino acid present at) a mutation at amino acid 132 of IDH1.
• mutant alleles of IDH1 wherein the IDH1 mutation result in a new ability of the enzyme to catalyze the NAPH-dependent reduction of a-ketoglutarate to i?(-)-2-hydroxyglutarate, and in particular R132H mutations of IDH1, characterize a subset of all types of cancers, without regard to their cellular nature or location in the body.
• the compounds and methods of this invention are useful to treat any type of cancer that is characterized by the presence of a mutant allele of IDH1 imparting such acitivity and in particular an IDH1 R132H or R132C mutation.
• the efficacy of cancer treatment is monitored by measuring the levels of 2HG in the subject. Typically levels of 2HG are measured prior to treatment, wherein an elevated level is indicative of the use of the compound of Formula I to treat the cancer. Once the elevated levels are established, the level of 2HG is determined during the course of and/or following termination of treatment to establish efficacy. In certain embodiments, the level of 2HG is only determined during the course of and/or following termination of treatment. A reduction of 2HG levels during the course of treatment and following treatment is indicative of efficacy. Similarly, a determination that 2HG levels are not elevated during the course of or following treatment is also indicative of efficacy.
• the these 2HG measurements will be utilized together with other well-known determinations of efficacy of cancer treatment, such as reduction in number and size of tumors and/or other cancer- associated lesions, improvement in the general health of the subject, and alterations in other biomarkers that are associated with cancer treatment efficacy.
• 2HG can be detected in a sample by LC/MS.
• the sample is mixed 80:20 with methanol, and centrifuged at 3,000 rpm for 20 minutes at 4 degrees Celsius.
• the resulting supernatant can be collected and stored at -80 degrees Celsius prior to LC-MS/MS to assess 2-hydroxyglutarate levels.
• LC liquid chromatography
• Each method can be coupled by negative electrospray ionization (ESI, -3.0 kV) to triple-quadrupole mass spectrometers operating in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode, with MS parameters optimized on infused metabolite standard solutions.
• ESI, -3.0 kV negative electrospray ionization
• MRM multiple reaction monitoring
• Metabolites can be separated by reversed phase chromatography using 10 mM tributyl-amine as an ion pairing agent in the aqueous mobile phase, according to a variant of a previously reported method (Luo et al. J ChromatogrA 1147, 153-64, 2007).
• Another method is specific for 2-hydroxyglutarate, running a fast linear gradient from 50% -95% B (buffers as defined above) over 5 minutes.
• a Synergi Hydro-RP, 100mm x 2 mm, 2.1 ⁇ particle size (Phenomonex) can be used as the column, as described above.
• Metabolites can be quantified by comparison of peak areas with pure metabolite standards at known concentration. Metabolite flux studies from 13 C-glutamine can be performed as described, e.g., in Munger et al. Nat Biotechnol 26, 1179-86, 2008.
• 2HG is directly evaluated.
• a derivative of 2HG formed in process of performing the analytic method is evaluated.
• a derivative can be a derivative formed in MS analysis.
• Derivatives can include a salt adduct, e.g., a Na adduct, a hydration variant, or a hydration variant which is also a salt adduct, e.g., a Na adduct, e.g., as formed in MS analysis.
• a metabolic derivative of 2HG is evaluated.
• examples include species that build up or are elevated, or reduced, as a result of the presence of 2HG, such as glutarate or glutamate that will be correlated to 2HG, e.g., R-2HG.
• Exemplary 2HG derivatives include dehydrated derivatives such as the compounds provided below or a salt adduct thereof:
• the cancer is a tumor wherein at least 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 or 90% of the tumor cells carry an IDHl mutation, and in particular an IDHl R132H or R132C mutation, at the time of diagnosis or treatment.
• IDHl R132X mutations are known to occur in certain types of cancers as indicated in Table 2, below.
• IDHl R132H mutations have been identified in glioblastoma, acute myelogenous leukemia, sarcoma, melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, cholangiocarcinomas, chondrosarcoma, myelodysplasia syndromes (MDS), myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN), colon cancer, and angio-immunoblastic non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL).
• the methods described herein are used to treat glioma (glioblastoma), acute myelogenous leukemia, sarcoma, melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) or eholangiocarcinomas, chondrosarcoma, myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) or colon cancer in a patient.
• glioma glioblastoma
• NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer
• MDS myelodysplastic syndromes
• MPN myeloproliferative neoplasm
• the cancer is a cancer selected from any one of the cancer types listed in Table 2, and the IDH R132X mutation is one or more of the IDHl R132X mutations listed in Table 2 for that particular cancer type.
• Treatment methods described herein can additionally comprise various evaluation steps prior to and/or following treatment with a compound of Structural Formula I, II or Ila or a compound described in any one of the embodiments described herein.
• the method further comprises the step of evaluating the growth, size, weight, invasiveness, stage and/or other phenotype of the cancer.
• the method further comprises the step of evaluating the IDHl genotype of the cancer. This may be achieved by ordinary methods in the art, such as DNA sequencing, immuno analysis, and/or evaluation of the presence, distribution or level of 2HG.
• the method further comprises the step of determining the 2HG level in the subject.
• This may be achieved by spectroscopic analysis, e.g., magnetic resonance-based analysis, e.g., MRI and/or MRS measurement, sample analysis of bodily fluid, such as serum or spinal cord fluid analysis, or by analysis of surgical material, e.g., by mass-spectroscopy.
• the methods described herein comprise the additional step of coadministering to a subject in need thereof a second therapy e.g., an additional cancer therapeutic agent or an additional cancer treatment.
• additional cancer therapeutic agents include for example, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, antibody therapies, immunotherapy, and hormonal therapy.
• Additional cancer treatments include, for example: surgery, and radiation therapy. Examples of each of these treatments are provided below.
• co-administering means that the additional cancer therapeutic agent may be administered together with a compound of this invention as part of a single dosage form (such as a composition of this invention comprising a compound of the invention and an second therapeutic agent as described above) or as separate, multiple dosage forms.
• the additional cancer therapeutic agent may be administered prior to, consecutively with, or following the administration of a compound of this invention.
• both the compounds of this invention and the second therapeutic agent(s) are administered by
• composition of this invention comprising both a compound of the invention and a second therapeutic agent
• administration of a composition of this invention does not preclude the separate administration of that same therapeutic agent, any other second therapeutic agent or any compound of this invention to said subject at another time during a course of treatment.
• co-administering as used herein with respect to an additional cancer treatment means that the additional cancer treatment may occur prior to, consecutively with, concurrently with or following the administration of a compound of this invention.
• the additional cancer therapeutic agent is a chemotherapy agent.
• chemotherapeutic agents used in cancer therapy include, for example, antimetabolites (e.g., folic acid, purine, and pyrimidine derivatives),alkylating agents (e.g., nitrogen mustards, nitrosoureas, platinum, alkyl sulfonates, hydrazines, triazenes, aziridines, spindle poison, cytotoxic agents, topoisomerase inhibitors and others) and hypomethylating agents (e.g., decitabine (5-aza-deoxycytidine), zebularine, isothiocyanates, azacitidine (5- azacytidine), 5-flouro-2'-deoxycytidine, 5,6-dihydro-5-azacytidine and others).
• antimetabolites e.g., folic acid, purine, and pyrimidine derivatives
• alkylating agents e.g., nitrogen mustards, nitros
• agents include Aclarubicin, Actinomycin, Alitretinoin, Altretamine, Aminopterin, Aminolevulinic acid, Amrubicin, Amsacrine, Anagrelide, Arsenic trioxide, AsparCompound AGInase, Atrasentan, Belotecan, Bexarotene, bendamustine, Bleomycin, Bortezomib, Busulfan, Camptothecin, Capecitabine, Carboplatin, Carboquone, Carmofur, Carmustine, Celecoxib, Chlorambucil, Chlormethine, Cisplatin, Cladribine, Clofarabine, Crisantaspase, Cyclophosphamide, Cytarabine, dacarbazine, Dactinomycin, Daunorubicin, Decitabine, Demecolcine, Docetaxel, Doxorubicin, Efaproxiral, Elesclomol, Elsamitruc
• two or more drugs are often given at the same time.
• two or more chemotherapy agents are used as combination chemotherapy.
• the additional cancer therapeutic agent is a differentiation agent.
• Such differentiation agent includes retinoids (such as all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA), 9-cis retinoic acid, 13-cis-retinoic acid (13-cRA) and 4-hydroxy-phenretinamide (4-HPR)); arsenic trioxide; histone deacetylase inhibitors HDACs (such as azacytidine
• HMBA hexamethylene bisacetamide
• cytokines such as colony-stimulating factors including G-CSF and GM-CSF, and interferons.
• the additional cancer therapeutic agent is a targeted therapy agent.
• Targeted therapy constitutes the use of agents specific for the deregulated proteins of cancer cells.
• Small molecule targeted therapy drugs are generally inhibitors of enzymatic domains on mutated, overexpressed, or otherwise critical proteins within the cancer cell.
• Prominent examples are the tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as Axitinib, Bosutinib, Cediranib, dasatinib, erlotinib, imatinib, gefitinib, lapatinib, Lestaurtinib, Nilotinib, Semaxanib, Sorafenib, Sunitinib, and Vandetanib, and also cycl in-dependent kinase inhibitors such as Alvocidib and Seliciclib.
• Monoclonal antibody therapy is another strategy in which the therapeutic agent is an antibody which specifically binds to a protein on the surface of the cancer cells.
• Examples include the anti-HER2/neu antibody trastuzumab (HERCEPTIN®) typically used in breast cancer, and the anti-CD20 antibody rituximab and Tositumomab typically used in a variety of B-cell malignancies.
• Other exemplary antibodies include Cetuximab, Panitumumab, Trastuzumab, Alemtuzumab, Bevacizumab, Edrecolomab, and Gemtuzumab.
• Exemplary fusion proteins include Aflibercept and Denileukin diftitox.
• the targeted therapy can be used in combination with a compound described herein, e.g., a biguanide such as metformin or phenformin, preferably phenformin.
• Targeted therapy can also involve small peptides as "homing devices" which can bind to cell surface receptors or affected extracellular matrix surrounding the tumor. Radionuclides which are attached to these peptides (e.g., RGDs) eventually kill the cancer cell if the nuclide decays in the vicinity of the cell.
• RGDs Radionuclides which are attached to these peptides
• An example of such therapy includes BEXXAR®.
• the additional cancer therapeutic agent is an immunotherapy agent.
• Cancer immunotherapy refers to a diverse set of therapeutic strategies designed to induce the subject's own immune system to fight the tumor. Contemporary methods for generating an immune response against tumors include intravesicular BCG immunotherapy for superficial bladder cancer, and use of interferons and other cytokines to induce an immune response in renal cell carcinoma and melanoma subjects.
• Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation can be considered a form of immunotherapy, since the donor's immune cells will often attack the tumor in a graft-versus-tumor effect.
• the immunotherapy agents can be used in combination with a compound or composition described herein.
• the additional cancer therapeutic agent is a hormonal therapy agent.
• the growth of some cancers can be inhibited by providing or blocking certain hormones.
• hormone-sensitive tumors include certain types of breast and prostate cancers. Removing or blocking estrogen or testosterone is often an important additional treatment.
• administration of hormone agonists, such as progestogens may be therapeutically beneficial.
• the hormonal therapy agents can be used in combination with a compound or a composition described herein.
• Other possible additional therapeutic modalities include imatinib, gene therapy, peptide and dendritic cell vaccines, synthetic chlorotoxins, and radiolabeled drugs and antibodies.
• reagents were purchased from commercial sources (including Alfa, Acros, Sigma Aldrich, TCI and Shanghai Chemical Reagent Company), and used without further purification. Flash chromatography was performed on an Ez Purifier III using a column with silica gel particles of 200-300 mesh. Analytical and preparative thin layer chromatography plates (TLC) were HSGF 254 (0.15-0.2 mm thickness, Shanghai Anbang Company, China). Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra were obtained on a Brucker AMX-400 NMR (Brucker, Switzerland). Chemical shifts were reported in parts per million (ppm, ⁇ ) downfield from tetramethylsilane.
• TLC Analytical and preparative thin layer chromatography plates
• NMR Nuclear magnetic resonance
• a stereoisomer e.g., an (R) or (S) stereoisomer
• a preparation of that compound such that the compound is enriched at the specified stereocenter by at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%.
• Step A l-(dimethylamino)-4-methylpent-l-en-3-one (2).
• 3-methylbutan-2-one 1; 8.613 g, 100 mmol
• l ,l-dimethoxy-N,N-dimethylmethanamine 29.80 g, 250 mmol
• the resulting mixture was stirred at 100°C overnight. After removal of DMF and excess of acetal, 14 g of title compound was obtained as a crude product and used in subsequent reaction without further purification.
• Step D 5-bromo-3-cyano-6-isopropylpyridin-2-yl trifluoromethanesulfonate (5).
• DMAP 100 mg, 0.8 mmol
• triethylamine 1.01 g, 10 mmol
• the mixture was cooled to 0°C in an ice-water bath, and trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride (2.82 g, 10 mmol) was added dropwise by syringe.
• Step E (R)-5-bromo-6-isopropyl-2-(3-methylpiperazin-l-yl)mcotinonitrile (6).
• Step F (R)-5-bromo-6-isopropyl-2-(4-(3-methoxypropanoyl)-3-methylpiperazin-l- yl)nicotinonitrile (7).
• (R)-5-bromo-6-isopropyl-2- (3-methylpiperazin-l-yl)nicotinonitrile (6; 680 mg, 2.1 mmol)
• 3-methoxypropanoic acid (438 mg, 4.2 mmol
• HATU 1.5g, 4.2 mmol
• DIPEA 1.1 mL, 6.31 mmol
• Step L l-cyclopropyl-3-(dimethylamino)prop-2-en-l-one (12).
• 1-cyclopropylethanone 11; 8.584 g, 100 mmol
• l,l-dimethoxy-N,N-dimethylmethanamine 29.80 g, 250 mmol
• the resulting mixture was stirred at 100°C overnight. After removal of DMF and excess of acetal, 13.9 g of title compound was obtained as a crude product and used in subsequent reaction without further purification.
• Step M 6-cyclopropyl-2-hydroxynicotinonitrile (13). 3.532 g of l-cyclopropyl-3- (dimethylamino)prop-2-en-l-one 12 and 2.032 g of cyanoacetamide in 10 mL of H 2 0 was treated with a premixed buffer solution of 0.33 mL of acetic acid, 0.82 mL of H 2 0, and enough amount of piperidine to make solution basic. The resulting solution was refluxed for 2 hrs and LC-MS showed the formation of desired product 13. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was acidified with glacial acetic acid, and a brown yellowish precipitated was formed. The thick brown slurry was filtered and filter cake was washed with H 2 0 and air-dried to give 1.30 g of title compound. MS (ES) M+H expected 161.1, found 161.0. 1H NMR
• Step N 5-bromo-6-cyclopropyl-2-hydroxynicotinonitrile (14).
• 6-cyclopropyl-2- hydroxynicotinonitrile 13; 0.32 g, 2.0 mmol
• NBS 0.534 g, 3.0 mmol
• the reaction mixture was heated at reflux for 3 hours.
• LC-MS showed completion of reaction, the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and poured into water.
• methylene chloride (3 x 5 mL)
• the combined organic layer was dried over anhy. Na 2 S0 4 and concentrated in vacuo.
• Column chromatography 4% MeOH/DCM
• Step O 5-bromo-3-cyano-6-cyclopropylpyridin-2-yl trifluoromethanesulfonate (15).
• DMAP 2-methyl methylamine
• trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride 0.69 g, 2.45 mmol
• Step P (R)-5-bromo-6-cyclopropyl-2-(3-methylpiperazin-l-yl)nicotinonitrile (16).
• Step Q (R)-5-bromo-6-cyclopropyl-2-(4-(3-methoxypropanoyl)-3-methylpiperazin-l- yl)nicotinonitrile (17).
• 3- methoxypropanoic acid (0.74 mL, 7.8 mmol
• HATU (2.98 g, 7.8 mmol
• DIPEA 2 mL, 11.76 mmol
• Step Aa 6-cyclopropyl-2-hydroxy-4-methylnicotinonitrile (24).
• a suspension of ammonium acetate (140 g, 1.82 mol) in 400 mL of EtOH was added successively commercially available 1- cyclopropylethanone (22; 22.5 mL, 22.7 mmol), acetaldehyde (21; 10 g, 22.7 mmol), and ethyl cyanoacetate (23; 24.2 mL, 22.7 mmol).
• the resulting mixture was stirred at reflux temperature for 2 hrs and subsequently at room temperature overnight. After the LC-MS showed the formation of the desired product, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure.
• Step Bb 5-bromo-6-cyclopropyl-2-hydroxy-4-methylnicotinonitrile (25).
• 6- cyclopropyl-2-hydroxy-4-methylnicotinonitrile (24; 2.6 g, 15 mmol) in 10 mL of DCE was added NBS (4 g, 22.5 mmol) at room temperature.
• NBS 4 g, 22.5 mmol
• the reaction mixture was then heated at reflux for 3 hours.
• LC-MS showed the completion of reaction, the mixture was cooled to room temperature and poured into water and extracted with methylene chloride.
• the combined organic layer was dried over anhy. Na 2 S0 4 and concentrated in vacuo.
• Column chromatography 4% MeOH/DCM
• Step Cc 5-bromo-3-cyano-6-cyclopropyl-4-methylpyridin-2-yl trifluo omethanesulfonate (26).
• DMAP 178 mg, 1.46 mmol
• triethylamine 2.5 mL, 17.5 mmol
• the mixture was cooled to 0°C in an ice-water bath, and trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride (3.7 mL, 21.9 mmol) was added dropwise by syringe.
• Step Dd (R)-5-bromo-6-cyclopropyl-4-methyl-2-(3-methylpiperazin-l-yl)nicotinonitrile (27).
• Step Ee (R)-5-bromo-6-cyclopropyl-2-(4-(3-methoxypropanoyl)-3-methylpiperazin-l-yl)-4- methylnicotinonitrile (28).
• (R)-5-bromo-6- cyclopropyl-4-methyl-2-(3-methylpiperazin-l-yl)nicotinonitrile 27; 1.12 g, 3.34 mmol
• 3- methoxypropanoic acid (0.63 mL, 6.68 mmol
• HATU (2.54 g, 6.68 mmol
• DIPEA 3.8 g, 10 mmol
• R c is -CH 2 -aryl or -CH 2 -heteroaryl.
• Step K-I (R)-5-hydroxy-6-isopropyl-2-(3-isopropyl-4-(3-methoxypropanoyl)piperazin-l- yl)nicotinonitrile.
• a solution of boronate 30 from Example 7 (30 mg, 0.066 mmol) in 15 mL of THF, at room temperature, was added aq. NaOH solution (2.86 g, 0.07mmol). After stirring for 5 min, a solution of 30% of H 2 0 2 (2.43 mg, 0.07 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was allowed to stir at room temperature for additional 30 min before it was adjusted to neutral pH and concentrated in vacuo.
• Step K-2 (R)-5- ⁇ enzyloxy)-6-isopropyl-2-(4-(3-methoxypropanoyl)-3-methylpiperazin-l- yl)nicotinonitrile (Compound 254).
• Step R l-(dimethylamino)-4-methyl-2-phenylpent-l-en-3-one (41).
• 3-methyl-l- phenylbutan-2-one 40; 3.38 g, 20 mmol
• 1,1- dimethoxy-N,N-dimethylmethanamine 5.958 g, 50 mmol.
• the resulting mixture was stirred at 100°C overnight.
• 4.3 g of 41 was obtained as a crude product and used in subsequent reaction without further purification.
• Step S 2-hydroxy-6-isopropyl-5-phenylnicotinonitrile (42).
• anhydrous DMF solution containing 960 mg of sodium hydride (22 mmol, 60% dispersion in mineral oil) was added dropwise a solution of crude l-(dimethylamino)-4-methyl-2-phenylpent-l-en-3-one (41; 4.3 g, 20 mmol DMF solution), cyano acetamide (1.72 g, 20 mmol), and 2 mL of MeOH in 35 mL of DMF. After the addition was completed, the resulting mixture was stirred at 80°C overnight.
• Step T 2-chloro-6-isopropyl-5-phenylnicotinonitrile (43).
• a mixture of 2-hydroxy-6-isopropyl- 5-phenylnicotinonitrile (42; 2.3 g, 10 mmol), 5 mL of phosphoryl trichloride and one drop of DMF were heated to reflux overnight until LC-MS indicated the complete conversion to the product.
• the residue was re-dissolved in methylene chloride and neutralized carefully with satd. aq. NaHC0 3 and washed subsequently with IN HC1 and brine.
• the combined organic layer was dried over anhy. Na 2 S0 4 and concentrated in vacuo. Flash column chromatography (1 :5 ethyl
• Step U (R)-6-isopropyl-2-(3-methylpiperazin-l-yl)-5-phenylnicotinonitrile (44).
• Step V (R)-6-isopropyl-2-(3-methyl-4-(2-methylfuran-3-carbonyl)piperazin-l-yl)-5- phenylnicotinonitrile (Compound 164).
• (R)-6- isopropyl-2-(3-methylpiperazin-l-yl)-5-phenyl- nicotinonitrile 50 mg, 0.156 mmol
• 2- methylfuran-3-carboxylic acid 39 mg, 0.312 mmol
• EDCI 60 mg, 0.312 mmol
• HOBt 42 mg
• Compound 1 18 was synthesized using 1,2-diphenylethanone as starting material.
• Compound 123 was synthesized using 1,2-diphenylethanone as starting material.
• Compound 178 was synthesized using l-(2- methoxyphenyl)-3-methylbutan-2-one as starting material.
• Compound 179 was synthesized using 3-methyl-l-p-tolylbutan-2-one as starting material.
• Compound 180 was synthesized using 3-methyl-l-p-tolylbutan-2-one as starting material.
• Compound 240 was synthesized using 1 ,2-diphenylethanone as starting material.
• Step W 2-hydroxy-6-isopropyl-4-phenylnicotinonitrile (52).
• a suspension of ammonium acetate (31.46 g, 0.4 mol) in 200 mL of EtOH was added successively the 3-methyl-2-butanone (51; 5.38 mL, 50 mmol), benzaldehyde (50; 5.21 g, 50 mmol), and ethyl cyanoacetate (23; 5.6 mL, 50 mmol).
• the resulting mixture was stirred at reflux temperature for 3 hrs and
• StepX 2-chloro-6-isopropyl-4-phenylnicotinonitrile (53).
• a mixture of 2-hydroxy-6-isopropyl- 4-phenylnicotinonitrile 52; (0.702 g, 2.94 mmol), 7 mL of phosphoryl trichloride and one drop of DMF were heated to reflux overnight until LC-MS indicated the complete conversion to the product.
• the residue was re-dissolved in methylene chloride and neutralized carefully with satd. aq. NaHC0 3 and washed subsequently with IN HC1 and brine.
• the combined organic layer was dried over anhy. Na 2 S0 4 and concentrated in vacuo. Flash column chromatography (1 :5 ethyl
• Step Y (R)-6 sopropyl-2-(3-methylpiperazin-l-yl)-4-phenylnicotinonitrile (54).
• Step Z (R)-2-(4-(furan-3-carbonyl)-3-methylpiperazin-l-yl)-6-iso
• Compound 103 2-(4-(furan-2-carbonyl)piperann-l-yl) ⁇ -isopropyl-6-phenylnicotinonitrile (Compound 103).
• Compound 103 was synthesized using isobutyraldehyde and acetophenone as starting materials.
• Compound 104 2-(4-(furan-2-carbonyl)piperazin-l-yl)-6-isopropyl ⁇ -(2-methoxyphenyl)nicotinonitri ⁇ (Compound 104).
• Compound 104 was synthesized using 2-methoxybenzaldehyde and 3- methylbutan-2-one as starting materials.
• Compound 105 2-(4-benzoylpiperazin-l-yl)-6-isopropyl ⁇ -(2-methoxyphenyl)nicotinonitrile (Compound 105).
• Compound 105 was synthesized using 2-methoxybenzaldehyde and 3-methylbutan-2-one as starting materials.
• Compound 106 2-(4-(lH ndole-3-carboByl)piperazin-l-yl)-64sopropyl-4-(2-methoxyphenyl)nicot ⁇ (Compound 106).
• Compound 106 was synthesized using 2-methoxybenzaldehyde and 3- methylbutan-2-one as starting materials.
• Compound 108 was synthesized using benzaldehyde and 3 -methyl butane- one as starting materials.
• Compound 11 1 was synthesized using benzaldehyde and 3-methylbutan-2- one as starting materials.
• Compound 113 2-(4-(furan-3-carbonyl)piperann-l-yl)-6-isopropyM-(2-methoxyphenyl)nicotinoniM ⁇ (Compound 113).
• Compound 113 was synthesized using 2-methoxybenzaldehyde and 3- methylbutan-2-one as starting materials.
• Compound 114 4-(3-nuoropbenyl)-2-(4-(furan-2-carbonyl)piperazin-l-yl)-6 sopropylnicotinonitrile (Compound 114).
• Compound 114 was synthesized using 3-fluorobenzaldehyde and 3- methylbutan-2-one as starting materials.
• Compound 116 was synthesized using 3-fluorobenzaldehyde and 3- methylbutan-2-one as starting materials.
• Compound 127 4-(3-fluoropbenyl)-2-(4-(furan-2-carbonyl)-3-methylpiperazin-l-yl)-6- isopropylnicotinonitrile (Compound 127).
• Compound 127 was synthesized using 3- fluorobenzaldehyde and 3-methylbutan-2-one as starting materials.
• Compound 128 4-(3-nuorophenyl)-2-(4-(furan-3-carbonyl)-3-methylpiperazin-l-yl)-6- isopropylnicotinonitrile (Compound 128).
• Compound 128 was synthesized using 3- fluorobenzaldehyde and 3-methylbutan-2-one as starting materials.
• Compound 129 2-(4-(lH-indole-3-carbonyl)-3-methylpiperazin-l-yl)-4-(3-fluorophenyl)-6- isopropylnicotinonitrile (Compound 129).
• Compound 129 was synthesized using 3- fluorobenzaldehyde and 3-methylbutan-2-one as starting materials.
• Compound 134 4-(3-fluorophenyl)-2-(4-(furan-3-carbonyl)-3,5-dimethylpiperazin-l-yl)-6- isopropylnicotinonitrile (Compound 134).
• Compound 134 was synthesized using 3- fluorobenzaldehyde and 3-methylbutan-2-one as starting materials.
• Compound 135 2-(3,5-dimethyl-4-(2-phenylacetyl)piperazin-l-yl)-4-(3-nuorophenyl)-6- isopropylnicotinonitrile (Compound 135).
• Compound 135 was synthesized using 3- fluorobenzaldehyde and 3-methylbutan-2-one as starting materials.
• Compound 136 4-(3-fluorophenyl)-2-(4-(furan-2-carbonyl)-3,5-dimethylpiperazin-l-yl)-6- isopropylnicotinonitrile (Compound 136).
• Compound 136 was synthesized using 3- fluorobenzaldehyde and 3-methylbutan-2-one as starting materials.
• Compound 138 6-cyclohexyl-2-(4-(furan-3-carbonyl)-3-methyIpiperazin-l-yl) ⁇ -phenylnicotinonitrile (Compound 138).
• Compound 138 was synthesized using benzaldehyde and 1- cyclohexylethanone as starting materials.
• Compound 146 was synthesized using 2-methoxybenzaldehyde and 3- methylbutan-2-one as starting materials.
• Compound 147 2-(4-(furan-2-carbonyl)-3-metbylpiperazin-l-yl)-6-isopropyl-4-(2- methoxyphenyl)nicotinonitrile (Compound 147).
• Compound 147 was synthesized using 2- methoxybenzaldehyde and 3-methylbutan-2-one as starting materials.
• Compound 149 6-isopropyl-4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-2-(3-methyl-4-(2-pbenylacetyl)piperazin-l- yl)nicotinonitrile (Compound 149).
• Compound 149 was synthesized using 3- methoxybenzaldehyde and 3-methylbutan-2-one as starting materials.
• Compound 158 was synthesized using 2-methylbenzaldehyde and 3- methylbutan-2-one as starting materials.
• Step 1 (R)-5-bromo-6-isopropyl-2-(4-(4-methoxybenzyl)-3-methylpiperazin-l-yl)nicotino (58).
• (R)-5-bromo-6-isopropyl-2-(3-methylpiperazin-l-yl)nicotinonitrile (6; Example 1; 1 g, 3.10 mmol) and triethylamine (375 mg, 3.72 mmol) in 20 mL THF was added 1- (chloromethyl)-4-methoxybenzene (485 mg, 3.10 mmol) dropwise at 0°C.
• Step 2 (R)-5-(4-fluorophenyl)-6-isopropyl-2-(4-(4-methoxybenzyl)-3-methylpiperazin-l- yl)nicotinonitrile (59).
• Step 4 (R)-met yl-5-(4-fluorophenyl)-6-isopropyl-2-(4-(4- ethoxybenzyl)-3-methylpiperazin-l- yl)nicotinate (61).
• Step 5 (R)-methyl 5-(4-fluorophenyl)-6-isopropyl-2-(3-methylpiperazin-l-yl)nicotinate (62).
• Step 6 (R)-methyl 5-(4-fluorophenyl)-6-isopropyl-2-(4-(3-methoxypropanoyl)-3- methylpiperazin-l-yl)nicotinate (Compound 244).
• Assays were conducted in a volume of 76 ⁇ assay buffer (150 mM NaCl, 10 mM MgCl 2 , 20 mM Tris pH 7.5, 0.03% bovine serum albumin) as follows in a standard 384-well plate: To 25 ul of substrate mix (8 uM NADPH, 2 mM aKG), 1 ⁇ of test compound was added in DMSO. The plate was centrifuged briefly, and then 25 ⁇ of enzyme mix was added (0.2 ⁇ g/ml IDHl R132H) followed by a brief centrifugation and shake at 100 RPM.
• assay buffer 150 mM NaCl, 10 mM MgCl 2 , 20 mM Tris pH 7.5, 0.03% bovine serum albumin
• the reaction was incubated for 50 minutes at room temperature, then 25 ⁇ of detection mix (30 ⁇ resazurin, 36 ⁇ g/ml ) was added and the mixture further incubated for 5 minutes at room temperature.
• the conversion of resazurin to resorufin was detected by fluorescent spectroscopy at Ex544 Em590 c/o 590.

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