WO2012157266A1 - 固体高分子型燃料電池 - Google Patents
固体高分子型燃料電池 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012157266A1 WO2012157266A1 PCT/JP2012/003187 JP2012003187W WO2012157266A1 WO 2012157266 A1 WO2012157266 A1 WO 2012157266A1 JP 2012003187 W JP2012003187 W JP 2012003187W WO 2012157266 A1 WO2012157266 A1 WO 2012157266A1
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- coolant
- fuel cell
- flow path
- manifold
- separator
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
- H01M8/0265—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant the reactant or coolant channels having varying cross sections
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0267—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors having heating or cooling means, e.g. heaters or coolant flow channels
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0271—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes
- H01M8/0273—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes with sealing or supporting means in the form of a frame
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0271—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes
- H01M8/0276—Sealing means characterised by their form
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/241—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes
- H01M8/242—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes comprising framed electrodes or intermediary frame-like gaskets
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
- H01M8/2483—Details of groupings of fuel cells characterised by internal manifolds
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
- H01M8/2484—Details of groupings of fuel cells characterised by external manifolds
- H01M8/2485—Arrangements for sealing external manifolds; Arrangements for mounting external manifolds around a stack
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04067—Heat exchange or temperature measuring elements, thermal insulation, e.g. heat pipes, heat pumps, fins
- H01M8/04074—Heat exchange unit structures specially adapted for fuel cell
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fuel cell, and more particularly to a fuel cell using a solid polymer electrolyte used for a portable power source, a power source for an electric vehicle, a home cogeneration system, and the like.
- a conventional fuel cell using a solid polymer electrolyte generates electric power and heat simultaneously by electrochemically reacting a fuel gas containing hydrogen and an oxidant gas containing oxygen such as air. It is a device.
- the fuel cell includes a stack of unit cells called a fuel cell.
- a general fuel cell includes a laminate 14 in which 10 to 200 fuel cells are laminated, a pair of current collector plates 9 sandwiching both ends of the laminate 14, and a pair of current collector plates 9
- An insulating plate 10 sandwiching the current collector plate 9 and an end plate 11 with piping are included.
- the piping of the end plate 11 with piping includes piping for supplying a reaction gas and piping for supplying a coolant.
- the fuel cell stack is fastened with bolts 12 and nuts 13.
- a fuel cell of a fuel cell using a solid polymer electrolyte has a polymer electrolyte membrane that selectively transports hydrogen ions, and a pair of electrodes that sandwich the polymer electrolyte membrane.
- the electrode includes a catalyst layer mainly composed of carbon powder carrying a platinum group metal catalyst, and a gas diffusion layer formed on the outside of the catalyst layer and having both air permeability and electronic conductivity.
- Gas seals and gaskets around the electrodes of the fuel cell to prevent the supplied fuel gas and oxidant gas from leaking to the outside or mixing the fuel gas and oxidant gas with each other are arranged with a polymer electrolyte in between.
- the sealing material or gasket, the electrode, and the polymer electrolyte membrane may be integrated and assembled in advance. This assembly is called MEA (electrolyte membrane electrode assembly).
- Fuel cell has conductive separators arranged on both sides of MEA.
- the conductive separator mechanically fixes the MEAs and electrically connects adjacent MEAs in series with each other.
- a flow path for supplying a reaction gas (fuel gas or oxidant gas) to the electrode surface and carrying away generated water and surplus gas is formed.
- This flow path is generally constituted by a groove formed on the contact surface of the separator with the MEA, but may be provided as a separate member from the separator.
- the cooling unit may be provided in all the fuel cells, or may be provided for each of the 1-3 fuel cells.
- the cooling unit may be constituted by a coolant channel member inserted between the fuel cells, but on the surface of the fuel cell separator opposite to the contact surface with the MEA. In many cases, the coolant flow path is provided.
- FIG. 2A shows a laminated cross section in the vicinity of the coolant manifold 5 of a conventional general fuel cell
- FIG. 2B is a perspective view in the vicinity of the coolant manifold 5.
- FIG. 2AB shows a fuel cell 6 including a frame 1 integrated with MEA 1 -a, an anode separator 2, and a cathode separator 3.
- a fuel gas flow path 2a for flowing a fuel gas is formed on the surface of the anode separator 2 in contact with the MEA1-a; an oxidant for flowing an oxidant gas on the surface of the cathode separator 3 in contact with the MEA1-a.
- a gas flow path 3a is formed.
- a coolant channel 7 is formed on the surface of the cathode separator 3 opposite to the surface in contact with the MEA 1 -a.
- the coolant flows through the coolant manifold 5 that penetrates the frame 1, the anode separator 2, and the cathode separator 3.
- the coolant flows along the stacking direction of fuel cells (arrows XX).
- the flow passage cross-sectional area of the coolant manifold 5 (cross-sectional area perpendicular to the flow direction of the coolant) is indicated by a hatched area ⁇ , and the area is constant.
- the fuel cell has a stack of fuel cells; however, the fuel cells connected in series with each other have a contact resistance between adjacent fuel cells in order to suppress ohmic loss during power generation. It needs to be kept as low as possible.
- the anode and the cathode constituting the fuel cell must be surely insulated.
- the resistance between the battery cells not adjacent to each other, not between the fuel cells adjacent to each other must be made as large as possible to be in an insulated state.
- members that are desired to be insulated may be short-circuited by an ion conductor such as tap water.
- an ion conductor such as tap water.
- an oxidation reaction occurs at the interface between the battery cell on the high voltage side and the ionic conductor when a current flows through the ionic conductor.
- the constituent members of the fuel cell are subject to corrosion deterioration.
- fuel gas or coolant may leak out of the fuel cell.
- the coolant flowing through the coolant manifold 5 contacts a plurality of fuel cells. Therefore, in order to suppress the above-described reduction in power generation efficiency and corrosion deterioration, it is necessary to maintain the insulating state by purifying the coolant.
- Patent Document 7 It has been proposed that the flow path of the coolant manifold attached to the outside of the unit cell stack is helical (Patent Document 7). It has been proposed to suppress corrosion of the metal constituting the core by forming a back part on the inner peripheral surface of the core (manifold) made of metal (Patent Document 8).
- Patent Document 1 proposes partially narrowing the cross-sectional area of the coolant manifold. An outline of the proposal will be described with reference to FIG. 3AB as a reference example of the present invention.
- FIG. 3A is a cross-sectional view of the vicinity of the coolant manifold 5 of the fuel cell.
- FIG. 3B is a perspective view of the vicinity of the coolant manifold 5.
- FIG. 3AB shows a fuel battery cell 6 including a frame 1 that integrates MEA 1 -a, an anode separator 2, and a cathode separator 3.
- a fuel gas flow path 2-a for flowing a fuel gas is formed on the surface of the anode separator 2 in contact with the MEA1-a; a surface of the cathode separator 3 in contact with the MEA1-a is used for flowing an oxidant gas.
- An oxidant gas flow path 3-a is formed.
- the protrusion 3b of the cathode separator 3 protrudes inside the coolant manifold 5 shown in FIG. 3AB.
- the protrusion 3-b partially narrows the cross-sectional area of the coolant manifold 5.
- the normal (not narrowed) flow path cross section of the coolant manifold 5 is indicated by the hatched portion ⁇
- the partially narrowed flow path cross section is indicated by the hatched portion ⁇ .
- FIG. 4 shows a coolant manifold 5 in which the channel cross-sectional area changes, and a separator coolant channel 7 stacked along the channel direction of the coolant manifold 5. Each separator has a coolant flow path communicating with the coolant manifold 5.
- FIG. 4 shows a simulation result of the coolant flowing through the coolant manifold 5 immediately after the fuel cell is changed from the high output state to the low output state.
- the pattern in the coolant manifold 5 shown in FIG. 4 indicates the flow of coolant.
- FIG. 4 it can be seen that the low-temperature coolant newly supplied to the coolant manifold 5 directly flows into the coolant flow path of the separator when changing from the high output state to the low output state.
- the coolant when a part of the cross-sectional area of the coolant manifold is narrowed, the coolant is likely to stop at a portion where the cross-sectional area of the coolant manifold expands when changing from the high output state to the low output state. . Then, the retained coolant is likely to flow into the coolant flow path of the separator before being heated in the manifold (a drift occurs). When the drift occurs, the temperature of the separator near the inlet of the coolant flow path decreases. When the temperature of the separator decreases, the temperature of the reaction gas (fuel gas and oxidant gas) decreases, and condensation occurs in the reaction gas channel. In a low output state, since the flow rate of the reaction gas is small, it is difficult to blow off the condensed water generated in the reaction gas flow path.
- the present invention has an object of suppressing the destabilization of the voltage when the output state changes in the polymer electrolyte fuel cell and reducing the corrosion current flowing through the coolant in the coolant manifold. To do.
- the present invention relates to the following fuel cell.
- a polymer electrolyte membrane, an anode and a cathode sandwiching the polymer electrolyte membrane, an anode separator joined to the anode, a cathode separator joined to the cathode, the polymer electrolyte membrane, the anode and the cathode A solid polymer formed by laminating a plurality of fuel cells including an insulating frame surrounding a periphery and a cooling fluid manifold formed on the insulating frame and communicating with the cooling fluid flow path.
- At least one of the plurality of fuel cells has a coolant flow provided on a surface opposite to a surface of the anode separator bonded to the anode or a surface opposite to a surface of the cathode separator bonded to the cathode.
- the flow path of the coolant manifold has a constant flow path cross-sectional area, and the flow path length L along the flow path direction of the coolant manifold configured in one fuel cell is the one flow path.
- a polymer electrolyte fuel cell which is longer than the thickness l in the stacking direction of the fuel cells.
- the insulating frame includes a MEA frame that integrates a polymer electrolyte membrane and an anode and a cathode sandwiching the polymer electrolyte membrane, and a cooling that connects the coolant channel and the coolant manifold.
- the flow passage cross-sectional area of the coolant manifold is constant, even if the output state is changed, the drift does not easily occur in the coolant manifold, and the voltage is stable. Furthermore, in the fuel cell according to the present invention, since the flow path length of the coolant manifold is long, the current (corrosion current) flowing through the coolant in the coolant manifold is suppressed, and the deterioration of the constituent materials of the fuel cell is prevented. Can be prevented.
- the perspective view which shows the structure of a fuel cell Diagram showing the vicinity of a coolant manifold in a conventional fuel cell Diagram showing the vicinity of a coolant manifold in a conventional fuel cell The figure which shows the coolant manifold vicinity in the fuel cell of a reference example The figure which shows the coolant manifold vicinity in the fuel cell of a reference example The figure which shows the simulation result of the flow of the coolant in the coolant manifold. The figure which shows the coolant manifold vicinity in the fuel cell of Embodiment 1. The figure which shows the coolant manifold vicinity in the fuel cell of Embodiment 1. The figure which shows the coolant manifold vicinity in the fuel cell of Embodiment 2.
- the fuel cell of the present invention includes a laminate in which a plurality of fuel cells are laminated.
- Each fuel cell includes at least a polymer electrolyte membrane, an anode and a cathode sandwiching the polymer electrolyte membrane, an anode separator, a cathode separator, and an insulating frame.
- the polymer electrolyte membrane is a polymer membrane having a function of selectively transporting protons in a wet state.
- the polymer electrolyte is not particularly limited as long as it selectively moves hydrogen ions.
- examples of such materials include fluorine-based polymer electrolyte membranes and hydrocarbon-based polymer electrolyte membranes.
- fluorine-based polymer electrolyte membranes include DuPont's Nafion (registered trademark), Asahi Glass Corporation's Flemion (registered trademark), Asahi Kasei Corporation's Aciplex (registered trademark), Japan Gore-Tex Corporation's GORE-SELECT. (Registered trademark) and the like are included.
- the anode and the cathode preferably each have a catalyst layer in contact with the polymer electrolyte membrane and a gas diffusion layer laminated on the catalyst layer.
- the aspect is not particularly limited.
- the polymer electrolyte membrane and the anode and cathode sandwiching it are referred to as MEA (Membrane Electrode Assembly).
- the anode separator and the cathode separator are conductive plates for separating the fuel gas and the oxidizing gas.
- the material of the separator is not particularly limited as long as it is conductive, and may be a metal or a carbon material.
- the separator may have a central part that contacts the MEA and a peripheral part surrounding the central part.
- a concave portion and a convex portion are formed in the central portion of the separator that contacts the MEA, and the concave portion can serve as a reaction gas channel (a fuel gas channel or an oxidizing gas channel).
- the peripheral part of the separator can have a manifold for supplying and exhausting fuel gas and a manifold for supplying and exhausting oxidizing gas. Furthermore, the separator may have a rubber-like seal portion that prevents leakage of refrigerant, oxidizing gas, fuel gas, and the like.
- a concave portion and a convex portion are formed on the surface of the separator opposite to the surface in contact with the MEA, and the concave portion serves as a coolant flow path. It may be.
- the separator in which the coolant flow path is formed may be an anode separator or a cathode separator.
- the insulating frame is an insulating member surrounding the periphery of the MEA.
- the insulating frame reliably insulates the anode separator and the cathode separator that sandwich the MEA.
- the frame is formed with a manifold for supplying and exhausting fuel gas and a manifold for supplying and exhausting oxidizing gas.
- the insulating frame includes an MEA frame that integrates a polymer electrolyte membrane and an anode and a cathode sandwiching the polymer electrolyte membrane, and a coolant connecting portion that connects the coolant channel and the coolant manifold. It may consist of a frame with a coolant flow path seal that forms at least a part (see FIG. 5A and the like).
- the fuel cell of the present invention has a coolant supply manifold for supplying coolant and a coolant discharge manifold for discharging coolant.
- the structure of the coolant supply manifold or the coolant discharge manifold has one of the features of the present invention.
- the coolant supply manifold and the coolant discharge manifold are configured by holes formed in the insulating frame, or are configured by holes formed in the insulating frame and holes formed in the separator. However, preferably, it is constituted by a hole formed in the insulating frame. This is to prevent the member from corroding as much as possible by making the member in contact with the coolant a member made of an insulating material.
- the cooling liquid supply manifold and the cooling liquid discharge manifold constitute a flow path through which the cooling liquid flows, but the flow path cross-sectional area is preferably constant.
- the channel cross-sectional area refers to the area of the cross section of the manifold perpendicular to the direction in which the coolant flows.
- the channel cross-sectional area of the coolant supply manifold or the coolant discharge manifold is preferably in the range of 0.5 cm 2 to 5.0 cm 2 .
- “The channel cross-sectional area is constant” includes strictly constant, but the ratio “Smin / Smax” between the maximum cross-sectional area Smax and the minimum cross-sectional area Smin of the flow path formed by the manifold is 0.9. May be in the range of ⁇ 1, preferably 0.95 ⁇ 1.
- Constant flow cross-sectional area facilitates uniform coolant flow in the manifold; especially when the output state of the fuel cell is changed, effective coolant flow in the manifold Can be suppressed.
- the drift of the coolant in the manifold tends to occur when the output state of the fuel cell is changed from the high output state to the low output state.
- the drift can be suppressed.
- the flow path formed by the coolant supply manifold or the coolant discharge manifold has a folded portion.
- the length of the flow path formed by the manifold can be increased.
- L is the length of the flow path of the manifold configured in one fuel battery cell and l is the thickness in the stacking direction of the one fuel battery cell, L> l may be satisfied;
- the ratio “L / l” is preferably 2.0 or more.
- the resistance value R of the coolant present in the coolant manifold is inversely proportional to the manifold channel cross-sectional area and proportional to the manifold channel length.
- the flow path cross-sectional area of the coolant manifold is constant, so that the longer the length of the flow path, the higher the resistance value of the coolant present in the coolant manifold. Therefore, the current (corrosion current) flowing through the coolant is suppressed.
- a flow path having a folded portion may be used.
- the channel having the folded portion is not particularly limited, but may be 1) a channel that repeats a turn (zigzag channel) (see FIGS. 5AB and 9AB), or 2) a spiral channel. (See FIG. 7ABC).
- the spiral flow path is used, the drift that occurs in the flowing coolant can be more effectively suppressed (see FIG. 11).
- the coolant communication part can be composed of a groove formed in the insulating frame and a groove formed in the conductive separator (see FIG. 6A).
- the member in contact with the coolant is preferably a member made of an insulating material as much as possible. Therefore, it is preferable that the flow path length L1 of the coolant communication section configured by the insulating frame is longer than the flow path length L2 of the coolant communication section configured by the conductive separator.
- FIG. 5AB shows a stacked state in the vicinity of the coolant manifold in the fuel cell of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 5A shows a cross section of the stacked portion
- FIG. 5B is a perspective view of the vicinity of the coolant manifold. In FIG. 5B, about a quarter of the coolant manifold is shown in cross section.
- the fuel cell of Embodiment 1 has fuel cells 6 stacked on each other.
- the fuel cell 6 includes an MEA frame 1 integrated with the MEA 1 -a, an anode separator 2 and a cathode separator 3 that sandwich the MEA 1 -a, and a frame with a coolant flow path seal that contacts the MEA frame 1. And a body 4.
- a coolant flow path 7 is formed on the surface of the cathode separator 3 opposite to the contact surface with the MEA1-a.
- the coolant channel 7 is formed in the cathode separator 3, but the coolant channel may be formed in the anode separator 2.
- the coolant manifold 5 is composed of an MEA frame 1 and a frame 4 with a coolant flow path seal.
- the frame 4 with the coolant flow path seal is provided with a coolant introduction path 8 that allows the coolant manifold 5 and the coolant flow path 7 to communicate with each other.
- the coolant introduction path 8 includes a groove 8-a formed in the frame 4 with the coolant flow path seal and a groove 8-b formed in the cathode separator 3. A part of the coolant flowing through the coolant manifold 5 flows into the coolant flow path 7 of the cathode separator 3 through the coolant introduction path 8.
- a protrusion 1-b provided on the MEA frame 1 and a protrusion 4-b provided on the frame 4 with a coolant flow path seal protrude protrude in directions facing each other. Therefore, the coolant flowing through the coolant manifold 5 flows in a zigzag manner in the coolant manifold 5 as shown by the arrows in FIG. 5A.
- the coolant flows in a zigzag manner in the coolant manifold 5, the flow along the coolant flow that the coolant manifold 5 constitutes in the fuel cell 6 rather than the thickness in the stacking direction of the fuel cells 6.
- the length of the road is longer.
- the inlet / outlet portion of the coolant flow path 7 of the cathode separator 3 in a certain fuel battery cell (the portion in contact with the coolant introduction path 8) Z-1 and the coolant flow of the cathode separator 3 in the fuel cell adjacent to it.
- the distance along the flow of the coolant in the coolant manifold 5 with the entrance / exit portion of the passage (portion in contact with the coolant introduction passage 8) Z-2 becomes longer. Therefore, it becomes easy to maintain the insulation state between the cathode separators 3 of the fuel cells adjacent to each other.
- the sizes of the protrusions 1-b and the protrusions 4-b are set so that the cross-sectional area perpendicular to the coolant flow direction of the coolant manifold 5 is constant.
- the output state of the fuel cell is changed (for example, changed from a high output state to a low output state) and supplied to the coolant manifold 5 Even if the amount of the coolant to be changed is changed, the drift in the coolant in the coolant manifold 5 hardly occurs.
- FIG. 6AB shows a stacked state in the vicinity of the coolant manifold 5 in the fuel cell of the second embodiment. In FIG. 6AB, about one quarter of the coolant manifold 5 is shown in cross section.
- the fuel cell according to the second embodiment has a stack of fuel cells 6 as in the fuel cell according to the first embodiment. Similar to the fuel cell 6 of the first embodiment, the fuel cell 6 of the second embodiment includes an MEA frame 1 integrated with the MEA 1-a, an anode separator 2 and a cathode separator that sandwich the MEA 1-a. 3 and a frame body 4 with a coolant flow path seal that contacts the MEA frame body 1.
- the fuel battery cell 6 of Embodiment 2 has a coolant introduction path 8 that allows the coolant manifold 5 and the coolant path 7 (a coolant path in the power generation section of the separator) to communicate with each other;
- the introduction path 8 includes a groove 8-a formed in the frame 4 with the coolant flow path seal and a groove 8-b formed in the cathode separator 3.
- the flow path length L1 of the coolant introduction path formed in the frame 4 with coolant flow path seal is the length of the flow path length L2 of the coolant introduction path 8-b formed in the cathode separator 3. Longer than that.
- the material of the frame 4 with the coolant flow path seal is an insulating material
- the material of the cathode separator 3 is a conductive material.
- the material of the member that contacts the coolant is made as an insulating member (a frame with a coolant flow path seal) as much as possible, so that the corrosion current can be more easily suppressed.
- FIG. 7ABC shows a stacked state in the vicinity of the liquid rejection manifold 5 in the fuel cell of the third embodiment.
- FIG. 7 about a quarter of the coolant manifold 5 is shown in cross section.
- the fuel cell of Embodiment 3 has a stack of fuel cells 6.
- the fuel cell 6 of the third embodiment includes a frame 1 integrated with the MEA 1 -a, an anode separator 2 and a cathode separator 3 that sandwich the MEA 1 -a, And a frame body 4 with a coolant flow path seal that contacts the MEA frame body 1.
- the fuel cell 6 according to the third embodiment has a coolant manifold 5 composed of the MEA frame 1 and the coolant flow channel seal-attached frame 4 as in the first embodiment.
- the liquid manifold 5 constitutes a spiral channel instead of a zigzag channel.
- the channel cross-sectional area of the spiral channel (area of the cross section perpendicular to the flow direction) is constant.
- the curved protrusion 1-d (see FIG. 7B) provided on the MEA frame 1 and the cooling liquid flow path seal-attached frame 4 are provided.
- a curved protrusion 4-d (see FIG. 7C) may be protruded into the coolant manifold 5.
- the coolant introduction path 8 includes the groove 8-a formed in the frame 4 with the coolant flow path seal and the groove 8 formed in the cathode separator 3. -B.
- the flow path length L1 of the coolant introduction path formed in the frame 4 with the coolant flow path seal may be longer than the length of the flow path length L2 of the coolant introduction path formed in the cathode separator 3. Preferred (not shown).
- FIG. 8 shows an MEA frame 1, an anode separator 2, a cathode separator 3, and a frame 4 with a coolant flow path seal of a fuel cell in the fuel cell of Embodiment 4.
- the separators 2 and 3 are metal separators formed by press-molding metal plates to form flow paths.
- the coolant manifold 5 formed by the MEA frame 1 and the frame 4 with coolant flow path seals has a spiral flow path as in the third embodiment, and has a cross-sectional area (coolant liquid).
- the cross-sectional area perpendicular to the flow direction of
- the current flowing through the coolant can be suppressed, and the drift of the coolant when the output of the fuel cell is changed can be prevented.
- FIG. 9AB shows a stacked state in the vicinity of the coolant manifold 5 in the fuel cell of the fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 9A shows a cross section of the stacked portion
- FIG. 9B is a perspective view of the vicinity of the coolant manifold. In FIG. 9B, about a quarter of the coolant manifold is shown in cross section.
- the fuel cell according to the fifth embodiment has a stack of fuel cells 6 as in the fuel cell according to the first embodiment.
- the fuel cell 6 includes an MEA frame 1 integrated with the MEA 1-a, an anode separator 2 and a cathode separator 3 that sandwich the MEA 1-a, and the MEA frame 1 And a frame 4 with a coolant flow path seal that abuts on.
- a coolant flow path 7 is formed on the surface of the cathode separator 3 opposite to the contact surface with the MEA1-a.
- the coolant channel 7 is formed in the cathode separator 3, but the coolant channel may be formed in the anode separator 2.
- the coolant manifold 5 is composed of an MEA frame 1 and a frame 4 with a coolant flow path seal.
- the frame 4 with the coolant flow path seal is provided with a coolant introduction path 8 that allows the coolant manifold 5 and the coolant flow path 7 to communicate with each other.
- the coolant introduction path 8 includes a groove 8-a formed in the frame 4 with the coolant flow path seal and a groove 8-b formed in the cathode separator 3. A part of the coolant flowing through the coolant manifold 5 flows into the coolant flow path 7 of the cathode separator 3 through the coolant introduction path 8.
- a protrusion 1-b ′ provided on the MEA frame 1 and the coolant A protrusion 4-b ′ provided on the frame body 4 with a flow path seal protrudes inside the coolant manifold 5 of the fuel cell of the fifth embodiment.
- the protrusion 1-b 'of the MEA frame 1 and the protrusion 4-b' of the frame 4 with the coolant flow path seal protrude in directions facing each other. Therefore, the coolant flowing through the coolant manifold 5 flows in a zigzag manner in the coolant manifold 5 as shown by the arrow in FIG. 9A.
- the protrusion 1-b 'and the protrusion 4-b' constitute a flow path turn portion of the coolant manifold.
- the channel turn part is configured by the tip of the protrusion 1-b ′ and the skirt of the protrusion 4-b ′ (see X in FIG. 9A), or the skirt of the protrusion 1-b ′. And a tip end portion of the projection 4-b ′.
- FIG. 9C is an enlarged view of the vicinity of the channel turn portion X in FIG. 9A.
- the tip of the projection 1-b ′ constituting the flow path turn portion X has a flat portion p and an arc portion c; the skirt of the projection 4-b ′ is also formed of the flat portion P. It preferably has an arc portion C.
- the tip of the protrusion 4-b ' has a flat part and an arc part; the skirt of the protrusion 1-b' preferably has a flat part and an arc part.
- the arc part c at the tip of the protrusion 1-b ′ and the arc part C at the bottom part of the protrusion 4-b ′ draw a concentric arc (see FIG. 9C); similarly, the protrusion 1-b ′. It is preferable that the arc part of the skirt part and the arc part of the tip part of the projection 4-b ′ draw concentric arcs.
- the coolant flows in a zigzag manner in the coolant manifold 5, the cooling that the coolant manifold 5 forms in the fuel cell 6 rather than the thickness in the stacking direction of the fuel cells 6.
- the length of the flow path along the liquid flow is longer.
- the inlet / outlet portion of the coolant flow path 7 of the cathode separator 3 in a certain fuel battery cell (the portion in contact with the coolant introduction path 8) Z-1 and the coolant flow of the cathode separator 3 in the fuel cell adjacent to it.
- the distance along the flow of the coolant in the coolant manifold 5 with the entrance / exit portion of the passage (portion in contact with the coolant introduction passage 8) Z-2 becomes longer. Therefore, it becomes easy to maintain the insulation state between the cathode separators 3 of the fuel cells adjacent to each other.
- the shapes of the protrusions 1-b and the protrusions 4-b are set so that the cross-sectional area perpendicular to the coolant flow direction of the coolant manifold 5 can be easily made constant. .
- the output state of the fuel cell is changed (for example, changed from a high output state to a low output state) and supplied to the coolant manifold 5 Even if the amount of the coolant to be changed is changed, the drift in the coolant in the coolant manifold 5 hardly occurs.
- Example 1 The fuel cell of the conventional example shown in FIG. 2AB, the fuel cell of the reference example shown in FIG. 3AB, the fuel cell of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 5AB, and the fuel cell of the second embodiment shown in FIG. 6AB The corrosion current was measured for the fuel cell of Embodiment 3 shown in FIG. 7ABC.
- Each fuel cell was formed by stacking fuel cells to form a fuel cell having the structure shown in FIG.
- FIG. 10 A block diagram of the apparatus used for measuring the corrosion current in the fuel cell is shown in FIG.
- the apparatus shown in FIG. 10 supplies the coolant in the thermostatic chamber maintained at a temperature of 80 ° C. by the heater 18 to the fuel cell 16 by the coolant circulation pump 15. While supplying the coolant to the fuel cell 16, a voltage in the range of 0 to 120V was applied to the current collector plates on both electrodes of the fuel cell by the DC power source 17, and the current at that time was measured. *
- the cooling liquid was purely a solution with a sodium sulfate solution added as a conductive agent.
- the conductivity of the cooling liquid was adjusted to 200 ⁇ S / cm.
- the conductivity of the coolant was measured with a conductivity meter 19 provided in the thermostat, and the conductivity of the coolant was maintained within a range of 200 ⁇ S / cm ⁇ 5 ⁇ S / cm.
- FIG. 11 is a graph plotting applied voltage and measured current value in each fuel cell.
- the current value measured at each voltage is remarkably reduced as compared with the fuel cell of the conventional example. This is considered to be because the current flowing through the coolant in the coolant manifold 5 was suppressed because the cross-sectional area of the coolant manifold 5 was partially reduced by the protrusions 3-b.
- the current value measured at each voltage is reduced as compared with the fuel cell of the reference example. This is presumably because the flow path formed by the coolant manifold is a zigzag flow path or a spiral flow path, and the flow path length of the manifold connecting the cathode separators is increased.
- the current value measured at each voltage is further reduced as compared with the fuel cell of Embodiment 1. This is because in the fuel cells of Embodiments 2 and 3, the length L1 of the coolant introduction portion formed of the insulating frame is increased, so that the flow path distance between the separator and the separator along the manifold flow path This is considered to be because the flow path distance between the outermost negative electrode and the separator is increased.
- Example 2 The fuel cell of the reference example shown in FIG. 3AB, the fuel cell of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 5AB, and the fuel cell of the third embodiment shown in FIG. 7ABC are operated from a high output state to a low output state.
- the voltage change at the time of switching was measured.
- the measurement result is shown in FIG. FIG. 12 is a graph plotting elapsed time and voltage cost.
- the oscillation width of the voltage ratio after output switching is reduced as compared with the fuel cell of the reference example. This is considered to be because in the fuel cell of the reference example, the drift of the coolant occurs in the coolant manifold. When uneven flow occurs, the coolant that has not been sufficiently heated by the coolant manifold flows into the coolant flow path of the separator, so that the temperature of the separator near the coolant inlet decreases. As a result, condensed water is generated in the reaction gas and flooding occurs.
- the vibration width after the output switching is further reduced as compared with the fuel cell of the first embodiment. This is presumably because the coolant manifold of the fuel cell according to the third embodiment forms a spiral flow path, so that the coolant drift is less likely to occur.
- the polymer electrolyte fuel cell according to the present invention has a stable voltage even when the output is changed, and suppresses corrosion current flowing through the coolant, thereby suppressing corrosion deterioration of the constituent members of the fuel cell. ing. That is, the polymer electrolyte fuel cell of the present invention has stable power generation performance and excellent long-term durability even when the output is frequently changed. Therefore, the polymer electrolyte fuel cell of the present invention can be applied to fuel cells for various uses, for example, portable power sources, electric vehicle power sources, home cogeneration systems, and the like.
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Abstract
Description
前記複数の燃料電池セルの少なくとも一つは、前記アノードセパレータのアノードに接合する面に対して反対の面または前記カソードセパレータのカソードに接合する面に対して反対の面に設けられた冷却液流路を有し、
前記冷却液マニホールドの流路は、一定の流路断面積を有し、かつ1つの前記燃料電池セルに構成された冷却液マニホールドの流路方向に沿った流路長さLは、前記1つの燃料電池セルの積層方向の厚みlよりも長い、固体高分子型燃料電池。
[3]前記冷却液流路と前記冷却液マニホールドとは、前記絶縁性枠体と前記セパレータとに形成された冷却液連絡部を介して連通しており、
前記絶縁性枠体で形成された冷却液連絡部の流路長さは、前記セパレータで形成された冷却液連絡部の流路長さよりも長い、[1]に記載の固体高分子型燃料電池。
[4]前記絶縁性枠体は、高分子電解質膜と前記高分子電解質膜を挟むアノードおよびカソードとを一体化するMEA枠体と、前記冷却液流路と前記冷却液マニホールドとを接続する冷却液連絡部の少なくとも一部を形成する冷却液流路シール付枠体とを含む、[1]に記載の固体高分子型燃料電池。
図5ABには、実施の形態1の燃料電池における冷却液マニホールド近傍の積層状態が示される。図5Aには積層部の断面が示されており、図5Bは冷却液マニホールド付近の斜視図である。図5Bにおいて、冷却液マニホールドの約4分の1は断面にして表示している。
図6ABには、実施の形態2の燃料電池における冷却液マニホールド5近傍の積層状態が示される。図6ABにおいて、冷却液マニホールド5の約4分の1は断面にして表示している。
図7ABCには、実施の形態3の燃料電池における却液マニホールド5近傍の積層状態が示される。図7において、冷却液マニホールド5の約4分の1は断面にして表示している。
図8には、実施の形態4の燃料電池における燃料電池セルのMEA枠体1、アノードセパレータ2、カソードセパレータ3、および冷却液流路シール付枠体4を示す。セパレータ2および3は、金属板をプレス成形して流路を形成した金属製セパレータである。
図9ABには、実施の形態5の燃料電池における冷却液マニホールド5近傍の積層状態が示される。図9Aには、積層部の断面が示されており、図9Bは冷却液マニホールド付近の斜視図である。図9Bにおいて、冷却液マニホールドの約4分の1は、断面にして表示している。
図2ABに示される従来例の燃料電池と、図3ABに示される参考例の燃料電池と、図5ABに示される実施の形態1の燃料電池と、図6ABに示される実施の形態2の燃料電池と、図7ABCに示される実施の形態3の燃料電池について腐食電流を測定した。各燃料電池は、燃料電池セルを積層して、図1に示される構造の燃料電池とした。
図3ABに示される参考例の燃料電池と、図5ABに示される実施の形態1の燃料電池と、図7ABCに示される実施の形態3の燃料電池について、高出力状態から低出力状態の運転に切り替えたときの電圧変化を測定した。その測定結果が図12に示される。図12は、経過時間と電圧費とをプロットしたグラフである。
1-a MEA
1-b,1-b’ MEA枠体の突起部
1-d MEA枠体の曲面状の突起部
2 アノードセパレータ
2-a 燃料ガス流路
3 カソードセパレータ
3-a 酸化剤ガス流路
3-b カソードセパレータの突起部
4 冷却液流路シール付枠体
4-b,4-b’ 冷却液流路シール付枠体の突起部
4-d 冷却液流路シール付枠体の曲面状の突起部
5 冷却液マニホールド
6 燃料電池セル
7 冷却液流路
8 冷却液導入路
8-a 冷却液流路シール付枠体に形成された溝
8-b カソードセパレータに形成された溝
9 集電板
10 絶縁板
11 配管付端板
12 ボルト
13 ナット
14 積層体
15 冷却液循環ポンプ
16 燃料電池
17 直流電源
18 ヒーター
19 導電率計
X,X’ 流路ターン部
Z-1,Z-2 冷却液流路の出入り口部
Claims (5)
- 高分子電解質膜と、前記高分子電解質膜を挟むアノードおよびカソードと、前記アノードに接合するアノードセパレータと、前記カソードに接合するカソードセパレータと、前記高分子電解質膜と前記アノードおよびカソードの周縁を囲む絶縁性枠体と、前記絶縁性枠体に形成されており、前記冷却液流路と連通する冷却液マニホールドと、を含む燃料電池セルを複数個積層して構成される固体高分子型燃料電池であって、
前記複数の燃料電池セルの少なくとも一つは、前記アノードセパレータのアノードに接合する面に対して反対の面または前記カソードセパレータのカソードに接合する面に対して反対の面に設けられた冷却液流路を有し、
前記冷却液マニホールドの流路は、一定の流路断面積を有し、かつ
1つの前記燃料電池セルに構成された冷却液マニホールドの流路方向に沿った流路長さは、前記1つの燃料電池セルの積層方向の厚みよりも長い、固体高分子型燃料電池。 - 前記冷却液マニホールドの流路は折り返し流路部を有する、請求項1に記載の固体高分子型燃料電池。
- 前記冷却液マニホールドの流路はらせん状である、請求項1に記載の固体高分子型燃料電池。
- 前記冷却液流路と前記冷却液マニホールドとは、前記絶縁性枠体と前記セパレータとに形成された冷却液連絡部を介して連通しており、
前記絶縁性枠体で形成された冷却液連絡部の流路長さは、前記セパレータで形成された冷却液連絡部の流路長さよりも長い、請求項1に記載の固体高分子型燃料電池。 - 前記絶縁性枠体は、
高分子電解質膜と前記高分子電解質膜を挟むアノードおよびカソードとを一体化するMEA枠体と、
前記冷却液流路と前記冷却液マニホールドとを接続する冷却液連絡部の少なくとも一部を形成する冷却液流路シール付枠体と、
を含む、請求項1に記載の固体高分子型燃料電池。
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