WO2012151795A1 - 利用辅助燃料补给热量的超临界水氧化反应系统 - Google Patents

利用辅助燃料补给热量的超临界水氧化反应系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012151795A1
WO2012151795A1 PCT/CN2011/078053 CN2011078053W WO2012151795A1 WO 2012151795 A1 WO2012151795 A1 WO 2012151795A1 CN 2011078053 W CN2011078053 W CN 2011078053W WO 2012151795 A1 WO2012151795 A1 WO 2012151795A1
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inlet
heat exchanger
outlet
reactor
cooling water
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PCT/CN2011/078053
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王树众
郭洋
徐东海
公彦猛
唐兴颖
张洁
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西安交通大学
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Publication of WO2012151795A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012151795A1/zh

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/06Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by oxidation
    • C02F11/08Wet air oxidation
    • C02F11/086Wet air oxidation in the supercritical state
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/30Organic compounds

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of environmental protection and chemical industry, and particularly relates to a supercritical water treatment reaction system for utilizing supercritical water as a reaction medium for harmless treatment of waste organic liquids such as organic wastewater/landfill leachate which are difficult to biodegrade and biodegradable. . Background technique
  • SCW Supercritical water
  • IMPa IMPa
  • SCW combines the properties of liquid and gaseous water. Its dielectric constant is similar to that of non-polar organic solvents, with high diffusion coefficient and low viscosity. Under a sufficiently high pressure, organic matter and oxygen can be mutually miscible with supercritical water in a maximum proportion, so that the heterogeneous reaction becomes a homogeneous reaction, which greatly reduces the resistance to mass transfer and heat transfer. Inorganic salts have very low solubility in SCW and are easily separated.
  • the continuously variable density, low electrostatic medium constant and low viscosity of sew make it an ideal reaction medium with high diffusion capacity and high solubility.
  • the temperature and pressure changes can be used to control the reaction environment, coordinate reaction rates and chemical equilibrium, and adjust catalyst selectivity.
  • Supercritical Water Oxidation (SCW0): Using the special properties of water in supercritical conditions, the organic matter and oxidant rapidly oxidize in supercritical water to completely decompose organic matter, quickly, completely and thoroughly. The organic structure is deeply destroyed and converted into harmless small molecule compounds such as CO 2 , H 2 and H 2 0.
  • Supercritical water oxidation technology for the treatment of toxic and hazardous substances that are difficult to destroy in industrial sectors (such as dye waste, pharmaceutical waste, lubricant waste, insulating oil containing PCBs, radioactive mixed waste, polychlorinated biphenyls, volatile acids, etc.)
  • High concentrations of refractory organic waste sludge, paper mill slurry, etc.
  • military toxic substances chemical weapons, rocket propellants, explosives, etc.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a solid salt and solubility which can be simultaneously removed during the reaction process, which can significantly reduce the system complexity and operating cost.
  • a new SCW0 reaction system for salt is provided.
  • a supercritical water oxidation reaction system utilizing auxiliary fuel to replenish heat comprising a reactor, a material device in communication with a material inlet of the reactor end cap, an oxidant device in communication with an oxidant inlet on the reactor end cap, and a solid at the bottom of the reactor a desalination device connected to the salt outlet, wherein the bottom of the reactor is provided with a liquid salt outlet and a reaction fluid outlet, wherein the supercritical water oxidation reaction system further comprises a fuel supply device and a cooling water device, and the reaction fluid outlet sequentially passes through
  • the fourth heat exchanger, the third heat exchanger, the second heat exchanger, the first heat exchanger, the fifth heat exchanger are in communication with the vapor-liquid separator;
  • the fuel supply device includes a fuel storage tank, and the fuel storage tank passes through
  • the fuel pump is connected to the fourth heat exchanger shell inlet; the fourth heat exchanger shell outlet is connected to the fuel core tube inlet in the reactor end cap through the first electric heater;
  • the cooling water device includes
  • the material device comprises a material storage tank and a material pump connected thereto, and the outlet of the material pump is connected with the inlet of the first heat exchanger shell; the outlet of the first heat exchanger shell and the end cover of the reactor Material inlet is connected.
  • the oxidant device comprises an air compressor, the outlet of the air compressor is connected to the inlet of the third heat exchanger shell, and the other is connected to the cooling inlet of the reactor end cover by an electric adjusting raft, the third heat exchanger shell The outlet is in communication with the oxidant inlet on the reactor end cap via a second electric heater.
  • the desalination device comprises a desalting buffer, and the solid salt outlet at the bottom of the reactor is connected to the upper inlet of the desalting buffer through the electric switch ;; the lower part of the desalting buffer is a solid salt outlet, and the solid salt outlet venting line is provided with an electric switch ⁇
  • the side wall of the desalting buffer is provided with a water filling inlet, and an electric switch ⁇ is arranged on the pipeline of the water filling inlet.
  • the fifth heat exchanger shell inlet is connected to the low pressure cooling water pump outlet, and the low pressure cooling water pump inlet is connected to the second fresh water storage tank outlet; the fifth heat exchanger shell inlet is connected to a hot water storage tank.
  • the liquid salt outlet at the bottom of the reactor is connected to the inlet of the sixth heat exchanger shell; the second back pressure ⁇ is arranged on the outlet line of the sixth heat exchanger; the inlet of the sixth heat exchanger is connected with the outlet of the desalted cooling water pump, The desalted cooling water pump inlet is connected to the second clean water storage tank.
  • the invention relates to a supercritical water oxidation system for high-concentration organic wastewater/landfill leachate.
  • the system uses auxiliary fuel (methanol) to replenish the system through a fuel replenishing device, and the form of heat replenishment relative to complete electric heating is more economical. Thereby reducing the high equipment capital investment and operating costs caused by the electric heater setting.
  • a high temperature zone is formed when the auxiliary fuel is burned out by the high-efficiency mixing in the combustion zone in the reactor, and the temperature in the high temperature zone can usually be reached.
  • the present invention uses cooling air and cooling water to respectively temperature the reactor end cap and the kettle body.
  • Control and innovative design of the desalination process can effectively improve the water quality of the reactor outlet and prevent salt deposition and corrosion on the downstream pipeline; the heat of the reactor outlet fluid uses multiple heat exchangers for step recovery, as much as possible Thermal efficiency.
  • a reasonable desalination scheme was proposed to simultaneously remove the solid salts and dissolved salts formed during the reaction. It can be widely used in the harmless treatment of pollutants such as organic wastewater/landfill leachate which are difficult to biodegrade at high concentration.
  • the preheated cooling water is used as the evaporation wall water of the reactor to ensure that the reactor wall wall temperature is kept within the safe range.
  • the wall water can form a uniform water film on the inner side of the porous wall, which can effectively prevent salt deposition and corrosion inside the reactor during the reaction;
  • the other branch line of the cooling water (the cooling water line at the bottom of the reactor) communicates with the bottom of the reactor.
  • the flow rate is adjusted by controlling the opening of the pipe to achieve precise control of the temperature at the bottom of the reactor. If there is a temperature rise inside the reactor, then opening the line can also react to the reaction.
  • the device performs rapid cooling.
  • the single-return regenerative form is used to recover the reaction heat step by step. After the reaction, the fluid passes through the fuel preheater (fourth heat exchanger), the oxidant preheater (third heat exchanger), and the evaporative wall water preheater.
  • the preheating temperature of the fuel and oxidant does not meet the process conditions (equipment start-up process)
  • the remaining heat can be replenished by the electric heater.
  • the excess heat is taken out by the hot water generator to generate hot water or steam, which can be sold to obtain the corresponding income.
  • the use of air or oxygen as an oxidant the amount of which can meet the needs of material oxidation and reactor end cap cooling needs, improve the economics of system operation.
  • the power delivery of the oxidant is achieved by means of an air compressor.
  • the cooling air flow can be adjusted according to the temperature of the reactor end cap, improving the stability of the system operation and operation.
  • Material may cause coking or precipitation of some salt during preheating at high temperature, which may cause blockage and corrosion of the pipeline.
  • the temperature of the reactor end cap can be effectively reduced when the low temperature material fluid passes through the inside of the reactor end cap.
  • the desalting operation can be realized by simultaneously removing the solid salt intermittently and continuously removing the dissolved salt during the working process.
  • 1 is a schematic structural view of the system of the present invention, wherein the reference numerals respectively indicate: 1. a fuel pump, 2, an air compressor (air compressor), 3, a high pressure cooling water pump, 4, a material pump, 5, a low pressure cooling water pump, 6.
  • Desalting cooling water pump 7, first heat exchanger, 8, second heat exchanger, 9, third heat exchanger, 10, fourth heat exchanger, 11, fifth heat exchanger, 12, sixth Heat exchanger, 13, first electric heater, 14, second electric heater, 15, fuel storage tank, 16, first clear water storage tank, 17, material storage tank, 18, hot water storage tank, 19, Second clear water storage tank, 20, gas-liquid separator, 21, desalting buffer, 22, reactor, 23, first back pressure 24, 24, second back pressure 25, 25, tap water inlet, 26, hot water outlet, 27, liquid product outlet, 28, solid salt outlet, 29, cooling water outlet, 30, salt solution outlet, 31, gas product outlet, 32, water filling inlet. detailed description
  • a supercritical water oxidation reaction system utilizing auxiliary fuel replenishment heat includes a reactor 22, a material device, an oxidant device, a fuel supply device, a cooling water device, and a desalination device.
  • the reaction fluid outlet at the bottom of the reactor 22 is connected to the inlet of the fourth heat exchanger 10 through a pipeline; the fourth heat exchanger outlet is connected to the inlet of the third heat exchanger 9 through a pipeline; the third heat exchanger outlet passes through the pipeline and the second heat exchange
  • the second heat exchanger outlet is in communication with the first heat exchanger 7 inlet; the first heat exchanger outlet is connected to the fifth heat exchanger 11 inlet through the pipeline; the fifth heat exchanger outlet is through the pipeline and the first
  • a back pressure port 23 is in communication with the inlet of the vapor-liquid separator 20, and the outlet of the vapor-liquid separator 20 is divided into a gas product outlet 31 and a liquid product outlet 27.
  • the fifth heat exchanger 11 reduces the high-temperature steam-water mixed fluid to a normal temperature, the cold water is taken from the second water storage tank 19, and the outlet thereof is connected to the inlet of the low-pressure cooling water pump 5 through a pipe; the outlet of the low-pressure cooling water pump 5 passes through the pipe and the heat exchanger 11 The inlets of the tubes are connected, and the shell side outlet of the heat exchanger 11 is connected to the hot water storage tank 18.
  • the fuel supply device comprises a fuel storage tank 15, the fuel storage tank is connected to the inlet of the fuel pump 1 through a door and a pipe; the outlet of the fuel pump 1 is connected to the shell inlet of the fourth heat exchanger 10 through a pipe; the fourth heat exchanger shell side outlet It is connected to the fuel core tube in the end cap of the reactor 22 through a pipe and a first electric heater 13.
  • the fuel storage tank 15 can be equipped with a mass flow meter on the outlet line, which can control the fuel fluid flow rate by controlling the frequency of the fuel pump according to the field operation conditions to meet the process requirements.
  • the oxidant unit comprises an air compressor 2, the outlet of which is connected to the third heat exchanger 9 shell inlet through a pipe, and the other is connected to the cooling inlet of the reactor end cap through a pipe and an electric regulating dam.
  • the third heat exchanger shell side outlet is in communication with the oxidant inlet on the end cap of the reactor 22 via a conduit and a second electric heater 14.
  • the cooling water device comprises a first fresh water storage tank 16, the outlet of which is connected to the inlet of the high-pressure cooling water pump 3 through a pipeline; the outlet of the high-pressure cooling water pump 3 is connected to the shell-side inlet of the second heat exchanger 8 through a pipeline, and the other is regulated by a pipe and electric
  • the crucible is in communication with the bottom cooling water inlet of the reactor 22.
  • the second heat exchanger shell side outlet is in communication with the evaporation wall water inlet of the reactor body.
  • the material device comprises a material storage tank 17, the outlet of the material storage tank 17 is connected to the inlet of the material pump 4 through the pipeline; the outlet of the material pump 4 is connected to the shell inlet of the first heat exchanger 7 through the pipeline; the outlet of the first heat exchanger shell passes through the pipeline It is in communication with the material inlet on the end cap of the reactor 22.
  • the desalination device comprises a desalting buffer 21, and the solid salt outlet at the bottom of the reactor 22 is connected to the upper inlet of the desalting buffer 21 through the electric switch ⁇ and the pipe; the lower solid salt outlet 28 of the desalting buffer 21 is provided with an electric switch ⁇ ; desalting The pipe of the side wall water filling inlet 32 of the buffer 21 is also provided There is an electric switch ⁇ .
  • the liquid salt outlet at the bottom of the reactor 22 is connected to the shell-side inlet of the sixth heat exchanger 12 through a pipe; the shell-side outlet of the sixth heat exchanger 12 (salt solution outlet 30) is provided with a second back pressure ⁇ 24; the desalination cooling water pump
  • the outlet 6 is connected to the inlet of the sixth heat exchanger 12 through a pipe, the inlet of the desalted cooling water pump 6 is connected to the second water storage tank 19; the outlet of the sixth heat exchanger 12 is a cooling water outlet 29.
  • the fuel is stored in the fuel storage tank 15, and the fuel flow rate is adjusted by controlling the frequency of the fuel pump 1.
  • the fuel fluid is raised by the fuel pump 1 to a working pressure of about 25 MPa, and then the temperature is raised by the fourth heat exchanger 10. Above the fuel light-off point temperature, then through the electric heater 13. If the fuel temperature does not reach the set temperature, the electric heater is turned on. If the fuel temperature reaches the set temperature, the electric heater is off.
  • the heated fuel fluid is injected into the reactor 22 through a fuel core tube in the reactor end cap.
  • the oxidant (air) is compressed into the system pressure after entering the air compressor 2, and then a portion of the air is preheated through the heat exchanger 9 to above the ignition point temperature, and then enters the electric heater 14. If the air temperature does not reach the set temperature, the electric heater is turned on; if the air temperature reaches the set temperature, the electric heater is turned off.
  • the heated air enters the reactor through the inner flow passage of the reactor end cap; another portion of the air enters the reactor 22 directly through the reactor end cap without heating, and is used to cool the reactor end cap and provide oxygen for material and fuel to be fully utilized.
  • the oxidation reaction, this part of the air flow can be controlled by the adjustment enthalpy on the pipeline.
  • the cooling water is stored in the clean water storage tank 16 and pressurized to the system pressure by the high pressure cooling water pump 3.
  • a part of the cooling water is heated by the heat exchanger 8 to above the supercritical temperature, and then enters the reactor as the evaporation wall water from the reactor pressure wall and the porous wall annulus, and forms a uniform water film inside the porous wall; another part is cooled Water directly enters the bottom of the reactor 22 to regulate the temperature of the brine compartment at the bottom of the reactor.
  • the organic wastewater/landfill leachate is stored in the material storage tank 17, is lifted to the working pressure by the material pump 4, and then enters the heat exchanger 7 to preheat the temperature to a relatively low temperature and then passes through the reactor end cap.
  • the material flow path enters the reactor and a relatively low temperature can be used to cool the wall temperature of the combustion zone.
  • the high temperature fluid at the outlet of the reactor sequentially passes through the heat exchanger 10, the heat exchanger 9, the heat exchanger 8, and the heat exchanger 7 in series to recover heat by stepwise heat exchange.
  • the heat exchanger 11 is used to reduce the high-temperature steam-water mixed fluid to a normal temperature, and the cold water is taken from the clean water storage tank 19.
  • the flow rate is regulated by the low-pressure cooling water pump 5 according to the temperature and flow rate of the high-temperature fluid, and the heat is used to generate hot water. Sell for related income.
  • the cooled fluid is depressurized to a normal pressure by a back pressure ⁇ 23, and then the steam-water mixture is separated by a gas-liquid separator 20.
  • the high salinity fluid flows out from the bottom of the reactor and then passes through the heat exchanger 12 to normal temperature.
  • the cooling water is taken from the clean water storage tank 19, and the power is supplied by the desalting cooling water pump 6, and the high salinity fluid after the cooling is passed through the back pressure. After the pressure is reduced to normal pressure, the insoluble solid salt formed in the reaction process is deposited on the bottom of the reactor.
  • the desalting buffer 21 and the cut-off enthalpy of the downstream pipeline are first closed, and the desalting buffer 21 is performed by a desalting cooling water pump. Filled with water, the amount of water is 80 ⁇ 90% of its volume.
  • the upstream pipe When the desalting buffer is opened, the upstream pipe is closed, and the solid salt enters the desalting buffer 21 by gravity and differential pressure.
  • draining the salt close the upstream pipe cut-off ⁇ , slowly open the downstream pipe cut-off ⁇ , and drain the brine mixture.
  • the salt draining operation can be done by the operator according to the type, composition and operation of the wastewater.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Water By Oxidation Or Reduction (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)

Description

利用辅助燃料补给热量的超临界水氧化反应系统 技术领域
本发明属于环境保护及化工领域, 特别涉及利用超临界水作为反应介质 对高浓度难生化降解的有机废水 /垃圾渗滤液等废有机液体进行无害化处理 过程的一种超临界水处理反应系统。 背景技术
超临界水 (SCW ) 是指温度和压力均高于其临界点 (T=374. 15 °C, P=22. IMPa) 的特殊状态的水。 SCW兼具液态和气态水的性质, 介电常数近似 于非极性有机溶剂, 具有高的扩散系数和低的粘度。 在足够高的压力下, 有 机物、 氧气能按最大比例与超临界水互溶, 从而使非均相反应变为均相反应, 大大减小了传质、 传热的阻力。 而无机盐类在 SCW 中的溶解度极低, 容易将 其分离出来。 因此 sew这种可连续变化的密度、 低静电介质常数、 低粘滞度 的特性使其成为一种具有高扩散能力、 高溶解性的理想反应介质。 可以利用 其温度与压力的变化来控制反应环境、 协调反应速率与化学平衡、 调节催化 剂的选择性等。
超临界水氧化技术 (Supercritical Water Oxidation, 简称 SCW0): 利 用水在超临界状态下所具有的特殊性质, 使有机物和氧化剂在超临界水中迅 速发生氧化反应来彻底分解有机物, 迅速、 完全、 彻底地将有机物结构深度 破坏, 转化成无害的 C02、 H2和 H20等无无害的小分子化合物。 超临界水氧化 技术对于处理那些工业部门难消毁的有毒有害物质 (如染料废物、 制药废物、 润滑剂废物、含 PCBs的绝缘油、放射性混合废物、多氯联苯、易挥发性酸等)、 高浓度难降解的有机废物(污泥、造纸厂料浆等)、军用毒害物质(化学武器, 火箭推进剂, 炸药等) 具有独特的效果。
虽然超临界水氧化处理技术已经取得了很大进歩, 出现了关于应用超临 界水技术的试验装置和商业装置的报道, 但是仍有若干需要解决的问题, 具 体表现在:
1 ) 因为超临界水反应需要高温、 高压的反应条件, 尽管有报道称进料中 有机物质量含量超过 2-3%时,超临界水氧化处理时系统的能量可以实现自热。 但由于系统热量回收不完全且效率不高, 所以在启动和正常运行时都需要对 反应系统进行外部热量补给, 目前国内外正在运行的超临界水反应装置绝大 多数都是依靠电加热对物料等进行加热, 这就造成了较高的运行成本。
2 ) 目前国内外大部分正在运行的超临界水氧化装置所采用的氧化剂均为 纯氧气或者过氧化氢。 处理过程中较高的氧化剂成本, 也成为超临界水氧化 技术经济性的一个重要决定性因素。
3 ) 进料中含有的盐及反应过程中生成的盐在超临界水中的溶解度极低, 现有的国内外超临界水处理系统并不能彻底的在反应过程中对反应流体进行 脱盐处理。 盐沉积会造成超临界水处理系统的管路和反应器等设备堵塞和腐 蚀, 同时也使处理后流体的含盐量高, 难以回收利用。 所以必须对废水的含 盐量进行较为严格的控制, 这样就严重影响了超临界水处理对象的广泛性。 发明内容
针对现有的超临界水氧化处理系统存在的缺陷或不足, 本发明的目的是 提供一种可显著降低系统复杂程度和运行成本的、 在反应过程中能够同时脱 除生成的固态盐和溶解性盐的新型 SCW0反应系统。
为达到以上目的, 本发明是采取如下技术方案予以实现的:
一种利用辅助燃料补给热量的超临界水氧化反应系统, 包括反应器、 与 反应器端盖上物料入口连通的物料装置、 与反应器端盖上氧化剂入口连通的 氧化剂装置、 与反应器底部固体盐出口连通的脱盐装置, 所述反应器底部设 置液态盐出口和反应流体出口, 其特征在于, 该超临界水氧化反应系统还包 括燃料补给装置和冷却水装置, 所述反应流体出口依次通过第四换热器、 第 三换热器、 第二换热器、 第一换热器、 第五换热器与汽液分离器联通; 所述 燃料补给装置包括燃料储罐, 燃料储罐通过一个燃料泵与第四换热器壳程入 口连接; 第四换热器壳程出口通过第一电加热器与反应器端盖内的燃料芯管 入口连接; 所述冷却水装置包括与第一清水储罐连接的高压冷却水泵, 高压 冷却水泵的出口一路与第二换热器壳程入口相连, 另一路通过电动调节闽与 反应器底部冷却水入口联通, 第二换热器壳程出口与反应器釜体的蒸发壁水 入口联通。
上述方案中, 所述的物料装置包括物料储罐和与其连接的物料泵, 物料 泵的出口与第一换热器壳程入口联通; 第一换热器壳程出口与反应器端盖上 的物料入口联通。 所述的氧化剂装置包括空压机, 空压机的出口一路与第三换热器壳程入 口相连, 另一路通过电动调节闽与反应器端盖的冷却入口连通, 第三换热器 壳程出口通过第二电加热器与反应器端盖上的氧化剂入口连通。
所述的脱盐装置包括脱盐缓冲器, 反应器底部固体盐出口通过电动开关 闽与脱盐缓冲器上部入口连通; 脱盐缓冲器下部为固体盐出口, 该固体盐出 口排空管路上设置有电动开关闽; 脱盐缓冲器侧壁设有充水入口, 该充水入 口的管路上设置有电动开关闽。
所述第五换热器壳程入口与低压冷却水泵出口相连, 低压冷却水泵入口 与第二清水储罐出口相连; 第五换热器壳程入口连接一个热水储罐。
所述反应器底部液态盐出口与第六换热器壳程入口连通; 第六换热器壳 程出口管路上设置有第二背压闽; 第六换热器入口与脱盐冷却水泵出口联通, 脱盐冷却水泵进口与第二清水储罐联通。
本发明是针对高浓度有机废水 /垃圾渗滤液的超临界水氧化系统, 该系统 采用辅助燃料 (甲醇) 通过燃料补给装置对系统进行能量补给, 相对完全电 加热的热量补给形式更具经济性, 从而减少因电加热器设置而带来的较高设 备资金投入和运行成本。 针对垃圾渗滤液的特点, 通过在反应器内燃烧区的 高效混合, 使辅助燃料燃烧放热时形成高温区, 此高温区的温度通常能达到
800°C以上, 这有助于高浓度氨氮和 COD的去除; 针对燃料较高的放热量, 为 了确保安全运行, 本发明分别使用冷却空气和冷却水对反应器的端盖和釜体 进行温度调控; 并对除盐工艺进行创新设计, 能够有效改善反应器出口水质, 防止对下游管道的盐沉积和腐蚀; 反应器出口流体的热量使用多个换热器进 行梯级回收, 尽可能的提高回热效率。 提出了合理的脱盐方案, 在反应过程 中同时脱除反应过程中生成的固态盐和溶解性盐。 使其可以广泛应用于高浓 度难生化降解的有机废水 /垃圾渗滤液等污染物的无害化处理过程。
本发明的优点具体表现在如下几点:
1、 在系统中对部分冷却水 (蒸发壁水分支管路) 进行预热, 预热后的冷 却水作为反应器的蒸发壁水以保证反应器承压壁壁温保持在安全范围之内。 同时蒸发壁水在多孔壁内侧可形成均匀水膜, 能够有效防止反应过程中反应 器内部的盐沉积和腐蚀; 冷却水另一分支管路 (反应器底部冷却水管路) 与 反应器底部联通, 通过对管道闽门开度的控制来调节流量, 实现反应器底部 温度的精确控制。 若反应器内部出现温度飞升, 则开启此管路还可以对反应 器进行快速降温。
2、 采用单回程回热形式对反应热量进行梯级回收, 反应后流体依次通过 燃料预热器 (第四换热器)、 氧化剂预热器 (第三换热器)、 蒸发壁水预热器
(第二换热器)、 以及物料预热器 (第一换热器), 以最大程度的满足各工艺 流体的预热需求, 并有助于减少系统复杂性。 若燃料和氧化剂预热温度不能 满足工艺条件 (设备启动过程), 其余热量可由电加热器进行补给。 当反应后 流体有热量富余时, 通过热水发生器将富余热量带出, 用来产生热水或蒸汽, 可出售获得相应的收益。
3、 采用空气或氧气作为氧化剂, 其用量能够同时满足物料氧化需要和反 应器端盖冷却需要, 提高系统运行的经济性。 氧化剂的动力输送依靠空气压 缩机来实现, 冷却空气流量可以根据反应器端盖温度进行调节, 提高了系统 操作和运行的稳定性。
4、 物料 (废水) 可能在高温预热时产生结焦或析出部分盐, 会对管路造 成堵塞和腐蚀, 采用较低的预热温度, 一方面可以防止预热时管路堵塞; 另 一方面, 低温物料流体从反应器端盖内部通过时可以有效降低反应器端盖温 度。
4、采用改进的脱盐装置,可以在工作过程中同时实现间歇式脱除固体盐, 连续式脱除溶解性盐的方式来实现脱盐操作。 附图说明
下面结合附图及具体实施方式对本发明作进一歩详细说明。
图 1是本发明的系统结构示意图, 图中的标号分别表示: 1、 燃料泵, 2、 空气压缩机(空压机), 3、 高压冷却水泵, 4、 物料泵, 5、 低压冷却水泵, 6、 脱盐冷却水泵, 7、 第一换热器, 8、 第二换热器, 9、 第三换热器, 10、 第四 换热器, 11、 第五换热器, 12、 第六换热器, 13、 第一电加热器, 14、 第二 电加热器, 15、 燃料储罐, 16、 第一清水储罐, 17、 物料储罐, 18、 热水储 罐, 19、 第二清水储罐, 20、 气液分离器, 21、 脱盐缓冲器, 22、 反应器, 23、 第一背压闽, 24、 第二背压闽, 25、 自来水进口, 26、 热水出口, 27、 液体产物出口, 28、 固体盐出口, 29、 冷却水出口, 30、 盐溶液出口, 31、 气体产物出口、 32、 充水入口。 具体实施方式
如图 1所示, 一种利用辅助燃料补给热量的超临界水氧化反应系统, 包 括反应器 22、 物料装置、 氧化剂装置、 燃料补给装置、 冷却水装置和脱盐装 置。 反应器 22底部反应流体出口通过管道与第四换热器 10入口联通; 第四 换热器出口通过管道与第三换热器 9入口联通; 第三换热器出口通过管道与 第二换热器入口联通; 第二换热器出口通过管道与第一换热器 7入口联通; 第一换热器出口通过管道与第五换热器 11入口联通; 第五换热器出口通过管 道和第一背压闽 23与汽液分离器 20入口联通, 汽液分离器 20的出口分为气 体产物出口 31和液体产物出口 27。 第五换热器 11将高温汽水混合流体降至 常温, 冷水取自第二水储罐 19, 其出口通过管道与低压冷却水泵 5入口相连; 低压冷却水泵 5出口通过管道与换热器 11壳程入口相连, 换热器 11壳程出 口连接热水储罐 18。
燃料补给装置包括燃料储罐 15, 燃料储罐通过闽门和管道与燃料泵 1入 口连接; 燃料泵 1出口通过管道与第四换热器 10壳程入口连接; 第四换热器 壳程出口通过管道和第一电加热器 13与反应器 22端盖内的燃料芯管连接。 燃料储罐 15出口管路上可设置质量流量计, 可根据现场操作情况, 通过控制 燃料泵的频率实现对燃料流体流量的控制, 以满足工艺需求。
氧化剂装置包括空压机 2, 空压机 2的出口一路通过管道与第三换热器 9 壳程入口相连, 另一路通过管道和电动调节闽与反应器端盖的冷却入口联通。 第三换热器壳程出口通过管道和第二电加热器 14与反应器 22端盖上的氧化 剂入口联通。
冷却水装置包括第一清水储罐 16, 其出口通过管道与高压冷却水泵 3入 口相连; 高压冷却水泵 3出口一路通过管道与第二换热器 8壳程入口相连, 另一路通过管道和电动调节闽与反应器 22底部冷却水入口联通。 第二换热器 壳程出口与反应器 22釜体的蒸发壁水入口联通。
物料装置包括物料储罐 17,物料储罐 17出口通过管道与物料泵 4入口联 通; 物料泵 4出口通过管道与第一换热器 7壳程入口联通; 第一换热器壳程 出口通过管道与反应器 22端盖上的物料入口联通。
脱盐装置包括脱盐缓冲器 21,反应器 22底部固体盐出口通过电动开关闽 和管道与脱盐缓冲器 21上部入口联通; 脱盐缓冲器 21下部固体盐出口 28排 空管路上设置有电动开关闽; 脱盐缓冲器 21侧壁充水入口 32的管路上也设 置有电动开关闽。
反应器 22底部液态盐出口通过管道与第六换热器 12壳程入口联通; 第 六换热器 12壳程出口 (盐溶液出口 30 ) 管路上设置有第二背压闽 24; 脱盐 冷却水泵 6出口通过管道与第六换热器 12入口联通, 脱盐冷却水泵 6进口联 通第二水储罐 19; 第六换热器 12出口为冷却水出口 29。
系统工作原理
燃料储存于燃料储罐 15中, 通过控制燃料泵 1的频率实现对燃料流量的 调节; 燃料流体通过燃料泵 1将压力升高至工作压力约 25MPa, 再通过第四换 热器 10将温度提升至燃料起燃点温度以上, 然后通过电加热器 13。若燃料温 度没有达到设置温度, 电加热器开启。 若燃料温度达到设置温度时, 电加热 器处于关闭状态。 加热后的燃料流体通过反应器端盖中的燃料芯管喷射至反 应器 22内。
氧化剂 (空气) 进入空气压缩机 2后被压缩至系统压力, 然后一部分空 气通过换热器 9预热至起燃点温度以上, 再进入电加热器 14。 若空气温度未 达到设置温度, 电加热器开启; 若空气温度达到设置温度时, 电加热器处于 关闭状态。 加热后的空气通过反应器端盖内流道进入反应器; 另外一部分空 气不通过加热直接通过反应器端盖进入反应器 22内, 用来冷却反应器端盖并 且提供氧气供物料和燃料进行充分的氧化反应, 这部分空气流量可通过管道 上的调节闽进行控制。
冷却水储存在清水储罐 16中, 通过高压冷却水泵 3加压至系统压力。 一 部分冷却水通过换热器 8加热至约超临界温度以上, 然后作为蒸发壁水从反 应器承压壁和多孔壁环隙中进入反应器, 并在多孔壁内侧形成均匀水膜; 另 一部分冷却水直接进入反应器 22底部, 对反应器底部排盐区温度进行调控。
有机废水 /垃圾渗滤液储存在物料储罐 17中, 通过物料泵 4将其提升至 工作压力, 再进入换热器 7 中将温度预热至相对较低温度, 然后通过反应器 端盖中的物料流道进入反应器中, 相对较低的温度可用以冷却燃烧区壁温。
反应器出口的高温流体依次通过串联的换热器 10、 换热器 9、 换热器 8、 换热器 7进行逐级换热回收热量。 换热器 11用来将此高温汽水混合流体降至 常温, 冷水取自清水储罐 19, 其流量根据高温流体温度和流量由低压冷却水 泵 5进行调节, 带出的热量用来产生热水, 出售以获得相关收益。 冷却后的 流体经过背压闽 23降压至常压, 然后通过气液分离器 20将汽水混合物分离。 高含盐量流体从反应器底部流出后经过换热器 12降至常温, 冷却水取自 清水储罐 19, 动力由脱盐冷却水泵 6提供, 降温后的高含盐量流体经过背压 闽 30降至常压后进行排放; 反应过程中生成的不溶解性固体盐沉积于反应器 底部, 脱盐之前首先关闭脱盐缓冲器 21上、 下游管道的截止闽, 用脱盐冷却 水泵对脱盐缓冲器 21进行充水, 充水量为其容积的 80〜90%。 脱盐缓冲时打 开上游管道截止闽, 固体盐依靠重力和压差作用进入除盐缓冲器 21内。 排盐 时关闭上游管道截止闽, 缓慢打开下游管道截止闽, 排出盐水混合物。 排盐 操作可根据废水种类、 成分和操作情况由操作人员自行完成。

Claims

1、 一种利用辅助燃料补给热量的超临界水氧化反应系统, 包括反应器、 与反应器端盖上物料入口连通的物料装置、 与反应器端盖上氧化剂入口连通 的氧化剂装置、 与反应器底部固体盐出口连通的脱盐装置, 所述反应器底部 设置液态盐出口和反应流体出口, 其特征在于, 该超临界水氧化反应系统还 包括燃料补给装置和冷却水装置, 所述反应流体出口依次通过第四换热器、 第三换热器、 第二换热器、 第一换热器、 第五换热器与汽液分离器联通; 所 述燃料补给装置包括燃料储罐, 燃料储罐通过一个燃料泵与第四换热器壳程 入口连接; 第四换热器壳程出口通过第一电加热器与反应器端盖内的燃料芯 管入口连接; 所述冷却水装置包括与第一清水储罐连接的高压冷却水泵, 高 压冷却水泵的出口一路与第二换热器壳程入口相连, 另一路通过电动调节闽 与反应器底部冷却水入口联通, 第二换热器壳程出口与反应器釜体的蒸发壁 水入口连通。
2、如权利要求 1所述的利用辅助燃料补给热量的超临界水氧化反应系统, 其特征在于, 所述的物料装置包括与物料储罐连接的物料泵, 物料泵的出口 与第一换热器壳程入口联通; 第一换热器壳程出口与反应器端盖上的物料入 口连通。
3、如权利要求 1所述的利用辅助燃料补给热量的超临界水氧化反应系统, 其特征在于, 所述的氧化剂装置包括空压机, 空压机的出口一路与第三换热 器壳程入口相连, 另一路通过电动调节闽与反应器端盖的冷却入口连通, 第 三换热器壳程出口通过第二电加热器与反应器端盖上的氧化剂入口连通。
4、如权利要求 1所述的利用辅助燃料补给热量的超临界水氧化反应系统, 其特征在于, 所述的脱盐装置包括脱盐缓冲器, 反应器底部固体盐出口通过 电动开关闽与脱盐缓冲器上部入口连通; 脱盐缓冲器下部为固体盐出口, 该 固体盐出口排空管路上设置有电动开关闽; 脱盐缓冲器侧壁设有充水入口, 该充水入口的管路上设置有电动开关闽。
5、如权利要求 1所述的利用辅助燃料补给热量的超临界水氧化反应系统, 其特征在于, 所述第五换热器壳程入口与低压冷却水泵出口相连, 低压冷却 水泵入口与第二清水储罐出口相连; 第五换热器壳程入口连接一个热水储罐。
6、如权利要求 5所述的利用辅助燃料补给热量的超临界水氧化反应系统, 其特征在于, 所述反应器底部液态盐出口与第六换热器壳程入口连通; 第六 换热器壳程出口管路上设置有第二背压闽; 第六换热器入口与脱盐冷却水泵 清水储 (
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