WO2012147930A1 - リチウム二次電池用負極活物質、これを用いたリチウム二次電池及びこれらの製造方法 - Google Patents
リチウム二次電池用負極活物質、これを用いたリチウム二次電池及びこれらの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012147930A1 WO2012147930A1 PCT/JP2012/061401 JP2012061401W WO2012147930A1 WO 2012147930 A1 WO2012147930 A1 WO 2012147930A1 JP 2012061401 W JP2012061401 W JP 2012061401W WO 2012147930 A1 WO2012147930 A1 WO 2012147930A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/60—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of organic compounds
- H01M4/602—Polymers
- H01M4/606—Polymers containing aromatic main chain polymers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
- H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0402—Methods of deposition of the material
- H01M4/0404—Methods of deposition of the material by coating on electrode collectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/386—Silicon or alloys based on silicon
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/387—Tin or alloys based on tin
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
- H01M4/587—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a negative electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery that has a function as a binder for the active material and can stably perform a reversible reaction with lithium ions.
- the present invention uses this to improve the energy density, to reduce deterioration due to repeated charge and discharge, to have high cycle characteristics, and to extend the life, and a method for manufacturing the same. About.
- Lithium secondary batteries that use organic solvents, reversibly occlude and release lithium ions at the positive and negative electrodes, and can be repeatedly charged and discharged are portable electronic devices, personal computers, and motors for hybrid electric vehicles. Widely used in driving batteries and the like. While these lithium secondary batteries are required to be further reduced in size and weight, they increase the reversible amount of lithium ions stored in the positive and negative electrodes, increase the energy density, and cycle with charging and discharging. Reducing deterioration is an important issue.
- This type of lithium secondary battery includes a negative electrode active material capable of reversibly occluding and releasing lithium by charge and discharge, and a positive electrode active material, each provided on a current collector, and a positive electrode active material
- the layer is disposed in the exterior body so as to face each other with a separator interposed therebetween, and has a structure sealed in the exterior body in a state where these layers are immersed in an electrolytic solution.
- the negative electrode active material layer and the positive electrode active material layer are formed such that these active materials are integrated by a binder and are in close contact with the current collector.
- a carbon powder of a negative electrode active material, a polyimide as a binder and an integrated negative electrode Patent Documents 1 and 2
- a silicon or silicon alloy of a negative electrode active material Reported are those using polyimide as a binder and having an integrated negative electrode (Patent Documents 3 and 4), and further having a negative electrode in which silicon oxide as a negative electrode active material is integrated with polyimide (Patent Document 5).
- the polyimide used for the binder of the active material is N-(2-imide)-2-imide
- the polyimide As the polyimide is used, the polyimide is repeatedly charged and discharged, the imide ring is opened, the chemical resistance is lowered, and the battery life is shortened. For this reason, the binder which the fall of the chemical tolerance accompanying charging / discharging is suppressed is requested
- An object of the present invention is to suppress a decrease in chemical resistance associated with charge / discharge generated in a polyimide used as a binder for an active material, to have excellent cycle characteristics, a long life, and an improvement in energy density.
- An object is to provide a negative electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery, a lithium secondary battery using the same, and a method for producing them.
- polyimides obtained from diamines having specific substituents as a raw material for polyimides that are used as binders for active materials are also capable of forming imide rings by repeated charge and discharge. Ring-opening is suppressed, and the decrease in chemical resistance associated with charging / discharging can be suppressed, and not only has a function as a binder, but also reversibly reacts with lithium ions during charging / discharging.
- the inventors have obtained knowledge that it has a function as a negative electrode active material. Based on this knowledge, the present invention has been completed.
- the present invention has the formula (1)
- a negative electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery which is a polyimide represented by About.
- the present invention is also directed to a thirium secondary battery having a positive electrode and a negative electrode in which an active material layer is formed on a current collector, wherein the negative electrode active material layer includes the negative electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery.
- the present invention relates to a lithium secondary battery.
- the present invention is a method for producing the above negative electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery, wherein
- R 1 and R 2 each independently represents an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an acyl group, a phenyl group, or a phenoxy group).
- R 1, R 2 has the formula (respectively R 1, R 2 in 5) shows the same group.
- Active for a lithium secondary battery and forming a negative electrode active material represented by The present invention relates to a method for producing a substance.
- the present invention also provides a method for producing the lithium secondary battery, wherein the formula (5)
- a coating liquid for a negative electrode active material containing a polyamic acid represented by A coating film is formed on the current collector, and the coating film is heated to form the formula (1)
- the lithium secondary to and forming a negative electrode active material layer containing a polyimide represented by The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a secondary battery.
- the negative electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery according to the present invention has a function of binding, integrating, and closely adhering an active material, and also an active material that reacts reversibly with lithium ions by charge and discharge. It has a function as a material agent and can improve the energy density of the battery. Moreover, ring opening of the imide ring accompanying charging / discharging is suppressed, these functions can be maintained over a long period of time, and the life is long. For this reason, the secondary battery using this can achieve high density of battery energy, excellent charge / discharge cycle characteristics, and long life.
- the negative electrode active material for lithium secondary batteries and the method for producing a lithium secondary battery of the present invention can efficiently produce the negative electrode active material for lithium secondary batteries and the lithium secondary battery on an industrial scale.
- the negative electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery of the present invention is a polyimide represented by the formula (1).
- polyimide (1) When the phenyl ether group of the polyimide represented by the formula (1) (hereinafter also referred to as polyimide (1)) has the substituents R 1 and R 2 , the electron donating property of the amino group is increased. Even if the polyimide (1) reacts with lithium ions, the opening of the imide ring is suppressed. For this reason, with charge / discharge, a reversible reaction between the polyimide (1) and lithium ions is enabled, and the function as an active material can be maintained and the function as a binder can be maintained.
- R 1 and R 2 independently represent an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an acyl group, a phenyl group, or a phenoxy group.
- the alkyl group preferably has 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably a methyl group, an ethyl group or a propyl group. Of these, a methyl group is particularly preferable.
- the alkoxy group preferably has 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, or a propoxy group. Of these, a methoxy group is particularly preferable.
- the acyl group include an acetyl group and a propionyl group.
- R 1 and R 2 may be bonded to any position of the respective phenylene groups of the phenyl ether group, but are preferably positions 1 and 5 ′.
- n is preferably about 50 to 130, and the average molecular weight of the polyimide (1) is preferably 20,000 to 50,000.
- the polyimide (1) having such an average molecular weight has an appropriate viscosity, can bind other active materials, and can adhere the active material layer to the current collector.
- polyimide (1) the polyimide represented by Formula (3) or Formula (4) can be mentioned as a preferable thing.
- Polyimide (1) is formed into a lithium polyimide represented by the formula (2) (hereinafter also referred to as polyimide lithium salt (2)), which is combined with lithium ions with charge and discharge.
- polyimide lithium salt (2) a lithium polyimide represented by the formula (2) (hereinafter also referred to as polyimide lithium salt (2)), which is combined with lithium ions with charge and discharge.
- R 1 and R 2 each represent the same group as R 1 and R 2 in formula (1).
- Such polyimide (1) and polyimide lithium salt (2) undergo reversible reaction with lithium ions without causing imide ring opening by charge / discharge.
- these polyimides are hardly soluble in organic solvents, hardly react with the electrolyte, function as an active material that performs reversible reaction with lithium ions even after repeated charge and discharge, and others. The function of the active material as a binder is maintained.
- the negative electrode active material for lithium secondary battery is represented by the formula (5)
- R 1 and R 2 each represent the same group as R 1 and R 2 in Formula (1).
- the polyamic acid (5) is preferably heated at a temperature of 200 ° C. or higher.
- the polyamic acid (5) reacts tetracarboxylic dianhydride with 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl ether having substituents R 1 and R 2 in an equimolar amount. Can be obtained.
- the lithium secondary battery of the present invention is a lithium secondary battery having a positive electrode and a negative electrode in which an active material layer is formed on a current collector, wherein the negative electrode active material layer includes the negative electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery. It is characterized by.
- the negative electrode has a negative electrode active material layer on a negative electrode current collector.
- the negative electrode active material layer preferably contains the negative electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery and further has another negative electrode active material.
- a silicon-based material, a carbon-based material, a metal, a metal oxide, or the like that can occlude and release lithium ions with charge / discharge can be used.
- the silicon-based material include silicon oxides such as silicon, SiO, and SiO 2 .
- Examples of carbon materials include graphite and hard carbon.
- Examples of the metal include metals such as Sn, Al, Si, Pb, S, Zn, Cd, Sb, In, Bi, and Ag, alloys of these two or more, alloys of these metals or alloys with lithium, and the like. Also good.
- Examples of the metal oxide include aluminum oxide, indium oxide, zinc oxide, lithium oxide, lithium iron oxide, tungsten oxide, molybdenum oxide, copper oxide, tin oxide such as SnO and SnO 2 , niobium oxide, and Li x Ti 2.
- Examples thereof include lead oxide such as -xO 4 (1 ⁇ x ⁇ 4/3), PbO 2 , and Pb 2 O 5 .
- metal sulfides such as SnS and FeS 2 , polyacene or polythiophene, or Li 5 (Li 3 N), Li 7 MnN 4 , Li 3 FeN 2 , Li 2.5 Co 0.5 N, or Li 3 CoN
- Li nitride compound or the like may be included. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- a silicon-based material, a carbon-based material, a tin-based material such as tin or tin oxide, which has a large amount of occlusion and release of lithium is preferable, and one or more selected from these materials may be contained. preferable.
- These can be bound by polyimide (1) to form a negative electrode active material layer.
- the content of the polyimide (1) in the negative electrode active material layer is preferably 5% by mass or more and 20% by mass or less, and the content of the negative electrode active material other than the polyimide (1) is 80% by mass or more, It is preferable that it is 95 mass% or less. If the content of the polyimide (1) is 5% by mass or more, the adhesion between the active materials and the active material and the current collector can be improved. If the content is 20% by mass or less, the energy density of the negative electrode Can be improved.
- the negative electrode active material layer may contain a conductive agent that increases electronic conductivity.
- a conductive agent carbon black or acetylene black can be used, and the content thereof can be 1 to 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the negative electrode active material.
- the negative electrode active material layer is a material other than polyimide (1) as a negative electrode binder that binds and integrates the powdered negative electrode active material within a range not impairing the functions of the polyimide (1) and the negative electrode active material. It may contain a polyimide, polyamide, acrylic resin, methacrylic resin, fluorine compound such as vinylidene fluoride, rubber or resin such as styrene-butadiene copolymer, and the like.
- the content of the negative electrode binder other than the polyimide (1) in the negative electrode active material layer can be appropriately selected depending on the type of the binder used.
- the content is preferably in the range of 1 to 5% by mass.
- the negative electrode current collector may be any material that supports the negative electrode active material layer and has conductivity that enables conduction with an external terminal.
- the material thereof may be copper, aluminum, titanium, nickel, silver, or These alloys can be used. Examples of the shape include foil, flat plate, and mesh.
- the thickness of the negative electrode current collector can be, for example, 4 to 100 ⁇ m, and is preferably 5 to 30 ⁇ m in order to increase the energy density.
- the negative electrode is prepared by kneading the polyamic acid (5) and, if necessary, another negative electrode active material, a binder, and a conductive agent with a solvent such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP).
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- the negative electrode active material coating solution obtained is applied onto a negative electrode current collector such as a copper foil by a doctor blade method, a die coater method or the like to form a coating film, and the coating film is heated to 200 ° C. or higher.
- a negative electrode active material layer can be formed and prepared.
- the polyamic acid (5) can be dehydrated and cyclized to form a negative electrode active material layer containing polyimide (1) having an imide ring.
- the positive electrode has a positive electrode active material layer on a positive electrode current collector.
- the positive electrode active material used for the positive electrode active material layer lithium manganate having a layered structure such as LiMnO 2 and Li x Mn 2 O 4 (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2) that can occlude and release lithium ions during charge and discharge.
- Lithium manganate having a spinel structure, LiCoO 2 , LiNiO 2 , a part of these transition metals substituted with other metals, an olivine compound of LiFePO 4 or LiMnPO 4 , Li 2 MSiO 4 (M: Mn , Fe, or Co) can be used. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the positive electrode active material layer may contain a conductive agent that enhances electronic conductivity in the same manner as the negative electrode active material layer, and specific examples of the conductive agent are the same as those used for the negative electrode active material layer. be able to.
- the content of the conductive agent in the positive electrode active material can be 3 to 5 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the positive electrode active material.
- the positive electrode active material layer preferably contains a positive electrode binder that binds and integrates a powdered positive electrode active material to achieve close contact with the current collector.
- the binder include polyimide, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF), vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, vinylidene fluoride-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, styrene-butadiene copolymer rubber, polytetrafluoroethylene. , Polypropylene, polyethylene, polyamideimide and the like.
- the content of the positive electrode binder in the positive electrode active material layer is preferably 2 to 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the positive electrode active material.
- the current collector for the positive electrode may be any material that supports the positive electrode active material layer and has electrical conductivity that enables conduction with the external terminal, and the material, shape, and thickness thereof are the same as those of the negative electrode current collector. Those having the material, shape, and thickness can be used.
- Such a positive electrode is formed by applying a positive electrode active material obtained by kneading a positive electrode active material, a binder, a conductive agent and a solvent, and rolling or pressing directly without using a solvent. Can be obtained. Moreover, after coating, the coating film may be dried to form a positive electrode active material layer.
- a method of forming a positive electrode active material layer on a current collector by a CVD method, a sputtering method, or the like can be given.
- a positive electrode current collector can be prepared by forming a thin film of aluminum, copper, titanium, or the like by a method such as vapor deposition or sputtering.
- the electrolytic solution is a solution in which an electrolyte is dissolved in an organic solvent and can dissolve lithium ions.
- the positive electrode active material layer and the negative electrode Immerse the active material layer.
- the solvent of the electrolyte solution is stable with respect to the redox potential of lithium in repeated charge and discharge, and has fluidity so that the positive electrode and the negative electrode can be sufficiently immersed, thereby extending the life of the battery. Is preferable.
- Specific examples of the electrolyte solvent include cyclic carbonates such as propylene carbonate (PC), ethylene carbonate (EC), butylene carbonate (BC), and vinylene carbonate (VC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), and diethyl carbonate.
- DEC chain carbonates such as ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) and dipropyl carbonate (DPC), aliphatic carboxylic acid esters such as methyl formate, methyl acetate and ethyl propionate, and ⁇ -lactones such as ⁇ -butyrolactone
- Chain ethers such as 1,2-ethoxyethane (DEE) and ethoxymethoxyethane (EME), cyclic ethers such as tetrahydrofuran and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, dimethyl sulfoxide, 1,3-dioxolane, formamide, aceto Toamide, dimethylformamide, dioxolane, acetonitrile, propylnitrile, nitromethane, ethyl monoglyme, phosphoric acid triester, trimethoxymethane, dioxolane derivatives, sulfolane, methylsulfolane, 1,3-di
- a lithium salt is preferable.
- the lithium salt include LiPF 6 , LiAsF 6 , LiAlCl 4 , LiClO 4 , LiBF 4 , LiSbF 6 , LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiCF 3 CO 2 , Li (CF 3 SO 2 ) 3 , LiN (CF 3 SO 2) 2, LiN (C 2 F 5 SO 2) 2, LiB 10 Cl 10, lower aliphatic lithium carboxylate, chloroborane lithium, lithium tetraphenylborate, LiBr, LiI, LiSCN, LiCl, imides, fluorinated Boron etc. can be mentioned. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- An ionic liquid such as an imide salt may be used.
- the concentration of the electrolyte in the electrolytic solution is preferably 0.01 mol / L or more and 3 mol / L or less, more preferably 0.5 mol / L or more and 1.5 mol / L or less.
- concentration is within this range, safety can be improved, and a battery having high reliability and contributing to reduction of environmental load can be obtained.
- any separator may be used as long as it suppresses the contact between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, does not inhibit the permeation of the charged body, and has durability against the electrolytic solution.
- Specific examples of the material that can be used include polyolefin microporous membranes such as polypropylene and polyethylene, cellulose, polyethylene terephthalate, polyimide, and polyvinylidene fluoride. These can be used as porous films, woven fabrics, non-woven fabrics and the like.
- the outer package those having a strength capable of stably holding the positive electrode, the negative electrode, the separator, and the electrolytic solution, electrochemically stable and watertight with respect to these substances are preferable.
- stainless steel, nickel-plated iron, aluminum, titanium, or alloys thereof, plated materials, metal laminate resins, and the like can be used, and the resin used for the metal laminate resin is polyethylene.
- Polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, etc. can be used. These may be a structure of one layer or two or more layers.
- the negative electrode is formed on the current collector using the polyamic acid (5) and, if necessary, an active material coating solution containing another active material, a conductive agent, and a binder. It can be manufactured by forming a coating film and heating it to form an active material layer containing polyimide (1).
- a negative electrode and a positive electrode in which an active material layer is formed on a current collector are placed in an outer package through a separator, an electrolyte is introduced so as to immerse them, and then the outer package is sealed to manufacture. be able to.
- the shape of the lithium secondary battery may be any of a cylindrical shape, a flat wound rectangular shape, a laminated rectangular shape, a coin shape, a wound laminate type, a flat wound laminate type, a laminated laminate type, and the like.
- the laminated laminate type secondary battery 11 includes a negative electrode 3 in which a negative electrode current collector 2 and a negative electrode active material layer 1 are laminated, and a positive electrode 6 in which a positive electrode current collector 5 and a positive electrode active material layer 4 are laminated. These are disposed to face each other via a separator 7 that avoids these contacts, and these are accommodated in a laminate film outer package 8.
- the laminate film is filled with an electrolytic solution, and the negative electrode lead tab 9 connected to the negative electrode current collector 2 and the positive electrode lead tab 10 connected to the positive electrode current collector 5 are respectively drawn out of the laminate film 8, Is done.
- lithium cobalt oxide manufactured by Nichia Corporation
- carbon black (3030B: manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation
- polyvinylidene fluoride manufactured by Kureha Corporation
- the solid content and NMP were mixed using a homogenizer so as to have a mass ratio of 52:48 to obtain a slurry.
- the slurry was applied to an aluminum foil having a thickness of 15 ⁇ m using a doctor blade, and then heated at 120 ° C. for 5 minutes to remove NMP, thereby producing a positive electrode.
- An aluminum positive electrode terminal for extracting electric charge was welded to the positive electrode.
- Electrode element was overlapped via a separator to produce an electrode element.
- the obtained electrode element was covered with a laminate film, and an electrolyte solution was injected. Then, the laminate film was heat-sealed and sealed while reducing the pressure, and a flat-type lithium secondary battery was produced.
- a polypropylene film is used for the separator, a polypropylene film on which aluminum is deposited is used for the laminate film, and the electrolyte contains LiPF 6 at 1.0 mol / L.
- the volume ratio of ethylene carbonate and diethylene carbonate is 7: A mixed solution of 3 was used.
- the obtained flat lithium secondary battery was charged and discharged in the range of 4.2 V to 2.7 V using a charge / discharge test apparatus (ACD-100M: manufactured by Asuka Electronics Co., Ltd.).
- Charging was performed by a CCCV method in which a constant current of 1 C up to 4.2 V and a constant voltage of 1 C were reached after reaching 4.2 V for 1 hour.
- Discharge was performed by the CC method performed at a constant current of 1 C, and the initial discharge capacity was measured.
- 1C means a constant current value when discharging the battery in a fully charged state at a constant current in 1 hour.
- a flat plate type lithium secondary battery was prepared and charged / discharged in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the polyamic acid shown in (2) was used, and 200 dc / 1 dc was determined. The results are shown in Table 1.
- a flat plate type lithium secondary battery was prepared and charged / discharged in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the polyamic acid shown in (2) was used, and 200 dc / 1 dc was determined. The results are shown in Table 1.
- the discharge capacity was reduced to less than half that of the example in 200 charge / discharge cycles. Therefore, in the lithium secondary battery of the present invention, deterioration due to repeated charge / discharge was reduced and excellent. It can be seen that it has cycle characteristics and has a long life.
- the present invention can be used in all industrial fields that require a power source, as well as industrial fields related to the transportation, storage and supply of electrical energy. Specifically, it can be used as a power source for mobile devices such as mobile phones and notebook computers.
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Abstract
Description
2 負極集電体
3 負極
4 正極活物質層
5 正極集電体
6 正極
7 セパレータ
8 ラミネートフィルム外装体
11 積層ラミネート型二次電池
本発明のリチウム二次電池用負極活物質は、式(1)で表されるポリイミドである。
本発明のリチウム二次電池は、集電体上に、活物質層を形成した正極及び負極を有するリチウム二次電池において、負極活物質層が、上記リチウム二次電池用負極活物質を含むことを特徴とする。
負極は、負極集電体上に負極活物質層を有するものである。負極活物質層は、上記リチウム二次電池用負極活物質を含み、更に、他の負極活物質を有することが好ましい。他の負極活物質としては、充放電に伴いリチウムイオンを吸蔵、放出可能な、ケイ素系材料、炭素系材料、金属や金属酸化物等を用いることができる。ケイ素系材料としては、ケイ素、SiO、SiO2等のケイ素酸化物を挙げることができる。炭素系材料としては、黒鉛、ハードカーボン等を挙げることができる。金属としては、Sn、Al、Si、Pb、S、Zn、Cd、Sb、In、Bi、Ag等の金属、これら2種以上の合金、これら金属又は合金とリチウムとの合金等を含んでいてもよい。また、金属酸化物としては、酸化アルミニウム、酸化インジウム、酸化亜鉛、酸化リチウム、リチウム鉄酸化物、酸化タングステン、酸化モリブデン、酸化銅、SnO、SnO2等の酸化スズ、酸化ニオブ、LixTi2-xO4(1≦x≦4/3)、PbO2、Pb2O5等の酸化鉛等を挙げることができる。その他、SnSやFeS2等の金属硫化物、ポリアセン若しくはポリチオフェン、又はLi5(Li3N)、Li7MnN4、Li3FeN2、Li2.5Co0.5N若しくはLi3CoN等の窒化リチウム化合物等を含んでいてもよい。これらは1種又は2種以上を組合せて用いることができる。
正極は、正極集電体上に正極活物質層を有するものである。正極活物質層に用いる正極活物質としては、充放電に伴いリチウムイオンを吸蔵、放出可能な、LiMnO2、LixMn2O4(0<x<2)等の層状構造を有するマンガン酸リチウムや、スピネル構造を有するマンガン酸リチウム、LiCoO2、LiNiO2、これらの遷移金属の一部が他の金属で置換されたもの、LiFePO4やLiMnPO4のオリビン化合物、Li2MSiO4(M:Mn、Fe、Coのうちの少なくとも一種)等を用いることができる。これらは1種又は2種以上を組み合わせて使用することができる。
電解液は、有機溶媒に、電解質を溶解したものであり、リチウムイオンを溶解可能な液であり、充放電時の正極負極においてリチウムとの可逆反応を可能とするため、正極活物質層と負極活物質層とを漬浸する。
セパレータは、正極及び負極の接触を抑制し、荷電体の透過を阻害せず、電解液に対して耐久性を有するものであれば、いずれであってもよい。具体的な材質としては、ポリプロピレン、ポリエチレン等のポリオレフィン系微多孔膜、セルロース、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリイミド、ポリフッ化ビニリデン等を採用することができる。これらは、多孔質フィルム、織物、不織布等として用いることができる。
外装体としては、上記正極及び負極、セパレータ、電解液を安定して保持可能な強度を有し、これらの物質に対して電気化学的に安定で、水密性を有するものが好ましい。具体的には、例えば、ステンレス、ニッケルメッキを施した鉄、アルミニウム、チタン若しくはこれらの合金又はメッキ加工をしたもの、金属ラミネート樹脂等を用いることができ、金属ラミネート樹脂に用いる樹脂としては、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリエチレンテレフタレート等を用いることができる。これらは、一層又は二層以上の構造体であってもよい。
本発明のリチウム二次電池は、負極を、ポリアミド酸(5)と、必要に応じて、他の活物質、導電剤、結着剤を含む活物質用塗布液を用いて集電体上に塗膜を形成し、これを加熱してポリイミド(1)を含む活物質層を形成して製造することができる。集電体上に活物質層を形成した負極及び正極とを、セパレータを介して、外装体内に配置し、これらを浸漬するように電解液を導入した後、外装体を封止して製造することができる。
上記リチウム二次電池における充放電は、2.7V以上、4.2V以下の範囲で行なうことが好ましい。放電終止電圧値が2.7V以上であれば、充放電の繰り返しによる放電容量の劣化を抑制することができ、また、回路設計も容易である。一方、放電終止電圧値が4.2V以下であれば、放電容量の絶対値が小さくなるのを抑制し、負極活物質の放電容量を充分に利用することができる。
上記リチウム二次電池の形状は、円筒型、扁平捲回角型、積層角型、コイン型、巻回ラミネート型、扁平捲回ラミネート型、積層ラミネート型等のいずれでもよい。
[実施例1]
負極活物質として、平均粒子直径D50=25μmの一酸化ケイ素(高純度化学研究所製)と、カーボンブラック(3030B:三菱化学社製)と、式(7)
負極活物質に用いた式(7)に示すポリアミド酸に替えて、式(8)
負極活物質に用いた式(7)に示すポリアミド酸に替えて、式(9)
Claims (10)
- R1及びR2が、独立して、アルキル基、又は、アルコキシ基であることを特徴とする請求項1又は2記載のリチウム二次電池用負極活物質。
- アルキル基がメチル基、アルコキシ基がメトキシ基であることを特徴とする請求項3記載のリチウム二次電池用負極活物質。
- 集電体上に、活物質層を形成した正極及び負極を有するチリウム二次電池において、負極活物質層が、請求項1から5の何れかに記載のリチウム二次電池用負極活物質を含むことを特徴とするリチウム二次電池。
- 充電開始前に、負極活物質層が、前記リチウム二次電池用負極活物質を5質量%以上、20質量%以下の範囲で含有することを特徴とする請求項6に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 負極活物質層が、ケイ素系材料、炭素系材料、及びスズ系材料から選択される1種又は2種以上の負極活物質を含有することを特徴とする請求項6又は7に記載のリチウム二次電池。
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