JP6052179B2 - リチウムイオン二次電池 - Google Patents
リチウムイオン二次電池 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP6052179B2 JP6052179B2 JP2013534687A JP2013534687A JP6052179B2 JP 6052179 B2 JP6052179 B2 JP 6052179B2 JP 2013534687 A JP2013534687 A JP 2013534687A JP 2013534687 A JP2013534687 A JP 2013534687A JP 6052179 B2 JP6052179 B2 JP 6052179B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- negative electrode
- lithium
- active material
- secondary battery
- electrode active
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 36
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 36
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 103
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 101
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 82
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000011883 electrode binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002210 silicon-based material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 54
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 26
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 25
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 18
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 15
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 15
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- -1 nickel-substituted lithium manganate Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 9
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 150000003377 silicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 7
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- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
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- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
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- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 4
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- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 4
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
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- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dilithium;dioxido(dioxo)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-][Mn]([O-])(=O)=O QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003949 imides Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000009616 inductively coupled plasma Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002642 lithium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 3
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004445 quantitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 3
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- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formamide Chemical compound NC=O ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004962 Polyamide-imide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000676 Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- RDOXTESZEPMUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N anisole Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1 RDOXTESZEPMUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010277 constant-current charging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010281 constant-current constant-voltage charging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCCC VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004993 emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- KLKFAASOGCDTDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxymethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOCOCC KLKFAASOGCDTDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propionate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001095 inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007561 laser diffraction method Methods 0.000 description 2
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl formate Chemical compound COC=O TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000951 phenoxy group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(O*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
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- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000790 scattering method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Chemical compound [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011856 silicon-based particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PYOKUURKVVELLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl orthoformate Chemical compound COC(OC)OC PYOKUURKVVELLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VFRGATWKSPNXLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dimethoxybutane Chemical compound CCC(OC)COC VFRGATWKSPNXLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CYSGHNMQYZDMIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Dimethyl-2-imidazolidinon Chemical compound CN1CCN(C)C1=O CYSGHNMQYZDMIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FSSPGSAQUIYDCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Propane sultone Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCO1 FSSPGSAQUIYDCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxolane Chemical compound C1COCO1 WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- VWIIJDNADIEEDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methyl-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one Chemical compound CN1CCOC1=O VWIIJDNADIEEDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010238 LiAlCl 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015015 LiAsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BEKPOUATRPPTLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].BCl Chemical compound [Li].BCl BEKPOUATRPPTLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- CKFRRHLHAJZIIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt lithium Chemical compound [Li].[Co] CKFRRHLHAJZIIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000005676 cyclic carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004292 cyclic ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IJKVHSBPTUYDLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihydroxy(oxo)silane Chemical compound O[Si](O)=O IJKVHSBPTUYDLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229940052303 ethers for general anesthesia Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000001301 ethoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002641 lithium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- PAZHGORSDKKUPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium metasilicate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O PAZHGORSDKKUPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium oxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001947 lithium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052912 lithium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitromethane Chemical compound C[N+]([O-])=O LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
- H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/134—Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/136—Electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
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Description
前記負極は、少なくともケイ素系化合物を含有する負極活物質と、負極バインダを含み、
前記負極バインダは、式(1):
放電時においても、前記負極活物質および前記負極バインダの両方にリチウムが吸蔵されている。
1.2≦Ma/Mc≦1.9 (i)
を満たすことが好ましい。
2≦A/B≦20 (ii)
を満たすことが好ましい。
1.2≦Ma/Mc≦1.9 (i)
を満たすことがより好ましい。必要に応じて、式(i)を満たすように負極にLiをドープしてもよい。
2≦A/B≦20 (ii)
を満たすことが好ましい。この比率A/B(原子数比)は、4以上12以下がより好ましい。A/Bが小さすぎる場合は、活物質の量に対してバインダの量が多かったり、活物質中のリチウムの吸蔵量が不十分であったりすることにより、エネルギー密度が低下する虞があり、また、活物質中にケイ酸リチウムや酸化リチウムが形成して不安定となりサイクル特性が低下する虞がある。逆に、A/Bが大きすぎる場合は、活物質量に対してバインダ量が少ないことにより、サイクル特性が低下する虞があり、また、負極バインダ中のリチウム吸蔵量が不十分であることにより、エネルギー密度が低下する虞がある。
(0.80≦a≦1.05、0.50≦b≦0.95、0.10≦c≦0.50、0.01≦d≦0.15)。
負極活物質として、レーザ回折・散乱法により測定される平均粒径D50が5μmに調整された酸化ケイ素粒子(ケイ素/酸素=1/1.05(原子数比))を準備し、その酸化ケイ素粒子85質量部に、バインダ溶液として式(3a)に示すポリアミック酸のNMP溶液50質量部(最終的に得られるポリイミド10質量部に相当)、及び平均粒径D50が5μmに調整された天然黒鉛粉末5質量部を混合し、さらに溶剤としてのNMPを加えて溶解・分散させることで、負極電極材料のスラリーを作製した。このスラリーを厚さ10μmの銅箔の両面に160×90mmの四角形の形状に塗布し、乾燥炉にて125℃で5分間の乾燥処理を行った後、ロールプレスにて圧縮成形を行い、再び乾燥炉にて300℃で10分間の乾燥処理を行って、負極集電体の両面に負極活物質層を形成した。なお、形成した負極活物質層の重量は、活物質容量(金属リチウムに対して電位0.02Vに達したときの負極の初回充電容量。以下、負極において同様)1.2Ahに相当する重量とした。こうして、負極集電体の両面に負極活物質層を形成したものを1枚作製し、それを160×90mmの四角形の形状に打ち抜いた。
バインダ溶液として式(4a)に示すポリアミック酸のNMP溶液を用いてラミネート電池を作製した。それ以外は、実施例1と同様に実施した。得られた5個のラミネート型電池における、初回放電容量、サイクル特性及びセル厚さ変化率のそれぞれの平均値を、表1に示す。
負極活物質として、酸化ケイ素粒子90質量部を準備し、バインダ溶液として式(3a)に示すポリアミック酸のNMP溶液25質量部(最終的に得られるポリイミド5質量部に相当)を準備した。それ以外は、実施例1と同様に実施した。得られた5個のラミネート型電池における、初回放電容量、サイクル特性及びセル厚さ変化率の評価結果のそれぞれの平均値を、表1に示す。
負極活物質として、酸化ケイ素粒子75質量部を準備し、バインダ溶液として式(3a)に示すポリアミック酸のNMP溶液100質量部(最終的に得られるポリイミド20質量部に相当)を準備した。それ以外は、実施例1と同様に実施した。得られた5個のラミネート型電池における、初回放電容量、サイクル特性及びセル厚さ変化率の評価結果のそれぞれの平均値を、表1に示す。
負極活物質として、レーザ回折・散乱法により測定される平均粒径D50が5μmに調整された酸化ケイ素粒子(ケイ素/酸素=1/1.05(原子数比))を準備し、その酸化ケイ素粒子85質量部と、フェノール樹脂10質量部(黒鉛5質量部に相当)を混合し、1000℃、窒素雰囲気下焼成させることで、実施例1の酸化ケイ素粒子85質量部及び天然黒鉛粉末5質量部の代わりとした。バインダなど、そのほかの条件は、実施例1と同様に実施した。得られた5個のラミネート型電池における、初回放電容量、サイクル特性及びセル厚さ変化率の評価結果のそれぞれの平均値を、表1に示す。
形成した負極活物質層の重量は、実施例1と同様に活物質容量1.2Ahに相当する重量とした。負極集電体の両面に形成された負極活物質層の上に、活物質容量(負極にドープされたリチウムの容量)0.10Ahに相当する重量の金属リチウムを蒸着して、負極とした。そのほかの条件は、実施例1と同様に実施した。得られた5個のラミネート型電池における、初回放電容量、サイクル特性及びセル厚さ変化率の評価結果のそれぞれの平均値を、表1に示す。
形成した負極活物質層の重量は、実施例1と異なり活物質容量1.6Ahに相当する重量とした。負極集電体の両面に形成された負極活物質層の上に、活物質容量(負極にドープされたリチウムの容量)0.40Ahに相当する重量の金属リチウムを蒸着して、負極とした。そのほかの条件は、実施例1と同様に実施した。得られた5個のラミネート型電池における、初回放電容量、サイクル特性及びセル厚さ変化率の評価結果のそれぞれの平均値を、表1に示す。
形成した負極活物質層の重量は、実施例1と異なり活物質容量1.9Ahに相当する重量とした。負極集電体の両面に形成された負極活物質層の上に、活物質容量(負極にドープされたリチウムの容量)0.60Ahに相当する重量の金属リチウムを蒸着して、負極とした。そのほかの条件は、実施例1と同様に実施した。得られた5個のラミネート型電池における、初回放電容量、サイクル特性及びセル厚さ変化率の評価結果のそれぞれの平均値を、表1に示す。
バインダ溶液として式(5)に示すポリアミック酸のNMP溶液を用いてラミネート電池を作製した。それ以外は、実施例1と同様に実施した。得られた5個のラミネート型電池における、初回放電容量、サイクル特性及びセル厚さ変化率のそれぞれの平均値を、表1に示す。
負極活物質として、酸化ケイ素粒子92質量部を準備し、バインダ溶液として式(3a)に示すポリアミック酸のNMP溶液15質量部(最終的に得られるポリイミド3質量部に相当)を準備した。それ以外は、実施例1と同様に実施した。得られた5個のラミネート型電池における、初回放電容量、サイクル特性及びセル厚さ変化率の評価結果のそれぞれの平均値を、表1に示す。
負極活物質として、酸化ケイ素粒子65質量部を準備し、バインダ溶液として式(3a)に示すポリアミック酸のNMP溶液150質量部(最終的に得られるポリイミド30質量部に相当)を準備した。それ以外は、実施例1と同様に実施した。得られた5個のラミネート型電池における、初回放電容量、サイクル特性及びセル厚さ変化率の評価結果のそれぞれの平均値を、表1に示す。
負極集電体の両面に形成した負極活物質層について、活物質中のリチウム量A、及びバインダ自体に含まれるリチウム量Bの測定は、以下の通り、リチウム対極コイン型電池の充放電により行った。
A=M2、
B=M1−M2の関係が成り立つ。
2 負極集電体
3 正極活物質層
4 正極集電体
5 セパレータ
6 負極端子
7 正極端子
8 外装体
Claims (12)
- 電池電圧が3.0V以下となった状態において、前記負極活物質および前記負極バインダの両方にリチウムが吸蔵されている、請求項1又は2に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 式(1)中のR1及びR2は、それぞれ独立して、メチル基又はメトキシ基である、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記負極は、リチウムがドープされている、請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
- 前記負極が金属リチウムに対して電位0.02Vに達するまでに、該負極に挿入されるリチウム量をMa(原子数)とし、前記正極が金属リチウムに対して電位4.3Vに達するまでに、該正極から放出されるリチウム量をMc(原子数)としたとき、下記式(i):
1.2≦Ma/Mc≦1.9 (i)
を満たす、請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。 - 電池電圧が3.0V以下となった放電時における、前記負極活物質中のリチウム量(原子数)をAとし、前記負極バインダ中のリチウム量(原子数)をBとすると、下記式(ii):
2≦A/B≦20 (ii)
を満たす、請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。 - 前記ケイ素系化合物は、ケイ素酸化物である、請求項1から8のいずれか一項に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
- 前記負極は、さらに負極活物質として炭素を含む、請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
- 前記炭素の含有量は、前記負極活物質の全体に対して1質量%以上10質量%以下である、請求項10に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
- 前記負極バインダの含有量は、前記負極活物質100質量部に対して5質量部以上25質量部以下である、請求項1から11のいずれか一項に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
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