WO2012133513A1 - 高速鉄道用焼結摩擦材 - Google Patents
高速鉄道用焼結摩擦材 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012133513A1 WO2012133513A1 PCT/JP2012/058102 JP2012058102W WO2012133513A1 WO 2012133513 A1 WO2012133513 A1 WO 2012133513A1 JP 2012058102 W JP2012058102 W JP 2012058102W WO 2012133513 A1 WO2012133513 A1 WO 2012133513A1
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- Prior art keywords
- friction material
- sintered
- sintered friction
- average
- powder
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- 239000002783 friction material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum disulfide Chemical compound S=[Mo]=S CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052982 molybdenum disulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 62
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 47
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 26
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 21
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000002393 scratching effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007088 Archimedes method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001208 Crucible steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 alumina Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ITRNXVSDJBHYNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten disulfide Chemical compound S=[W]=S ITRNXVSDJBHYNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052845 zircon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
- F16D69/02—Composition of linings ; Methods of manufacturing
- F16D69/027—Compositions based on metals or inorganic oxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/05—Mixtures of metal powder with non-metallic powder
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
- F16D69/02—Composition of linings ; Methods of manufacturing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
- C22C32/001—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with only oxides
- C22C32/0015—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with only oxides with only single oxides as main non-metallic constituents
- C22C32/0021—Matrix based on noble metals, Cu or alloys thereof
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D2200/00—Materials; Production methods therefor
- F16D2200/0004—Materials; Production methods therefor metallic
- F16D2200/0026—Non-ferro
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a sintered friction material useful as a brake lining material and a disc brake pad material used in a high-speed railway vehicle.
- Various sintered materials are disclosed as materials used for brake lining materials, disc brake pad materials, and the like.
- the conventional lining made of metal-based sintered materials can be added with hard particles (ceramics such as silica) to create a mechanical action (scratch action) and ensure a coefficient of friction ( ⁇ ). In most cases, some improve the coefficient of friction by adding an element such as Fe during the lining.
- tin powder 0.5 to 15 wt%, zinc powder; 0.1 to 30 wt%, nickel powder; 5 to 25 wt%, iron powder; 5 to 25 wt%, stainless steel powder; 1 to 20 wt%, copper powder; the balance is composed of a sintered body with a matrix metal component of 55 to 80 wt% and a filler component such as a lubricant and a friction modifier of 20 to 45 wt%.
- Iron powder and stainless steel The total amount of steel powder is 8 to 28 wt%, and (2) the iron powder is an electrolytic iron powder having a particle size range of 40 to 150 ⁇ m that is heat-treated at a temperature of 600 to 1200 ° C.
- Patent Document 8 states that “in a sintered friction material containing a metal material as a matrix and containing an abrasive and a lubricant, a sintered material containing 25-50 vol% cast iron and 1-7 vol% copper as the metal material of the matrix. An invention relating to "friction material” is described. The invention of Patent Document 8 is said to improve the friction characteristics during high-temperature braking by using a Fe-based sintered material instead of the conventional Cu-based sintered material.
- JP 60-106932 A JP 63-109131 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2-10857 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 3-68091 JP-A-6-45837 JP-A-7-65132 JP 2006-16680 A JP 2007-126738 A
- Patent Document 7 for example, as shown in Table 1 of the examples, the content of Cu in the entire sintered material is small (41 mass% at most), so that sufficient thermal conductivity is obtained. I can't get it.
- Patent Document 8 since it is a Fe-based sintered material having a higher Fe content than Cu and becomes the same material as the counterpart material such as a brake disk, the amount of wear during braking becomes extremely large. End up.
- the present invention provides a high-speed railway sintered friction material having a high coefficient of friction and excellent wear resistance with respect to a steel counterpart material (for example, a brake disk) in order to solve the problems of the prior art. For the purpose.
- the inventors of the present invention particularly examined a sintered friction material constituting a lining used for a disk made of forged steel or cast steel.
- a lining made of Fe powder added to the metal material constituting the sintered friction material it reacts with Fe contained in the opposing disk during braking, and both Fes adhere to each other and show a high coefficient of friction. It was confirmed.
- the effect of increasing the weldability when sliding between the same kind of metals or eutectic is known as the “toggle effect” in the tribology field, and as a machine part because seizure occurs. Is not preferred.
- the present inventors have added a suitable amount of Fe to the metal phase to give the metal phase itself a function of improving the coefficient of friction and exhibit high thermal conductivity. It has been found that by using Cu as a basic component of the metal phase, it is possible to prevent an excessive temperature rise due to Fe addition and to improve the high-temperature stability of the braking force.
- FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 are diagrams in which the relationship between the average friction coefficient and the value of Fe / Cu is arranged for each test condition of 160 km / h, 325 km / h and 360 km / h.
- ⁇ is a material sintered at 950 ° C.
- ⁇ is a material sintered at 1000 ° C.
- ⁇ is a material sintered at 1030 ° C.
- the present invention has been made on the basis of the above knowledge, and the gist thereof is a sintered friction material shown in the following (A) to (E).
- (B) Four pairs of linings having dimensions of 55 mm in length, 38 mm in width, and 15 mm in thickness are prepared from a sintered friction material having the chemical composition shown in (A) above, and these linings have an outer diameter of 400 mm.
- the initial speed of 365 km / h is obtained by pressing the brake disc with a pressure of 2.24 kN from both sides of the brake disc at equal intervals around the rotation axis of the brake disc at a position of a radius of 170 mm of a 20 mm thick forged steel brake disc.
- High-speed railway firing characterized in that the relationship between the average wear amount M and the average friction coefficient F of the sintered friction material obtained by the wear test for braking the wheel satisfies the relationship of M ⁇ 38.2 ⁇ F + 0.345. Bonding friction material.
- the sintered friction material for high-speed railways of the present invention has a high braking force and is excellent in high-temperature stability of the braking force. Therefore, the sintered friction material for high-speed railways of the present invention is suitable for use as, for example, a brake lining for high-speed railways that require the highest braking force among transportation vehicles.
- Fig. 1 shows the relationship between the average friction coefficient and the Fe / Cu value in the 160 km / h test.
- the figure which arranged the relation between the average friction coefficient in the test of 325km / h and the value of Fe / Cu The figure which arranged the relation between the average friction coefficient and the value of Fe / Cu in the test of 365 km / h Fig. 1 shows the relationship between the average amount of wear and the value of Fe / Cu in a 160 km / h test.
- the figure which arranged the relationship between the average amount of wear and the value of Fe / Cu in the 365 km / h test Fig. 1 shows the relationship between the average amount of wear and the average friction coefficient in a 365 km / h test.
- the embodiment of the present invention will be described mainly by taking as an example the case where the sintered friction material of the present invention is used for lining.
- Each component contained in the sintered friction material affects the properties of the friction material while being related to each other. Therefore, it is not always appropriate to discuss the reason for limitation individually, but the reason for limitation will be described.
- “%” of each component means “mass%”.
- Cu 50% or more Cu is an element having high thermal conductivity, and in the present invention, forms a base of a sintered friction material. In order to obtain this Cu-based sintered body, it is necessary to contain 50% or more of Cu.
- the upper limit of the Cu content may be determined in consideration of the additive component, and is not particularly limited, but is preferably 67% or less.
- Fe 7.5% or more Fe is the element having the greatest striking effect on the steel disk. In order to obtain this effect, the Fe content needs to be 7.5% or more.
- the upper limit of the Fe content is not particularly defined, but if the Fe content is too large, the wear resistance may be lowered depending on the sintering temperature. For this reason, the Fe content is preferably 36% or less.
- Fe / Cu mass ratio of Fe and Cu needs to be 0.15 or more.
- Fe / Cu is set to 0.40 or less.
- Fe / Cu is preferably 0.36 or less.
- the Fe powder added as a raw material of the sintered friction material it is preferable to use a powder having a particle size of 45 ⁇ m or less in order to obtain good sinterability and to uniformly disperse Fe that controls the frictional force.
- the particle size is preferably 5 ⁇ m or more.
- Fe powder previously heat-treated in an atmosphere of hydrogen gas or ammonia gas is used.
- Fe powder subjected to such heat treatment is used. Impairs sinterability. Therefore, the Fe powder added as a raw material of the sintered friction material is not subjected to such treatment, and it is preferable to use mill scale powder.
- the component of the metal matrix in the sintered friction material only needs to contain a predetermined amount of Fe and Cu.
- elements such as Cr and Mo may be contained in order to improve the strength.
- Molybdenum disulfide 0.3-7% is useful for stabilizing the coefficient of friction and improving wear resistance, as well as graphite, and has an effect of preventing so-called “squeal”, and also provides lubricity at high loads. It also has the effect. This effect is not exhibited when the content is less than 0.3%. When the content exceeds 7%, the material strength of the sintered body is significantly lowered, and the wear resistance is impaired.
- Silica 0.5-10% Silica (SiO 2 ) removes the oxide film formed on the disk surface, which is the counterpart material, by the so-called “digging effect”, and stably generates adhesion of Fe between the disk and the lining. It is effective to secure power. However, if it is less than 0.5%, the digging effect does not occur. On the other hand, if it exceeds 10%, the disk surface is damaged.
- the sintered friction material only needs to contain the various components described above.
- various components usually added to the sintered friction material may be included.
- a lubricating component such as tungsten disulfide, bismuth, or antimony
- a compound such as alumina, mullite, silicon nitride, or zircon sand may be included.
- the sintered friction material of the present invention preferably has a density of 4.6 or more in order to obtain sufficient strength.
- the sintered friction material of the present invention is produced by a general production method, for example, by mixing Cu powder with Fe powder, various additives, etc., molding, and then sintering. be able to. Moreover, you may use the raw material powder which previously contained Fe at the time of powder preparation by atomization etc. to Cu powder used as a raw material.
- the Fe phase which is feared to rise in temperature during friction, will be included in the Cu phase exhibiting high thermal conductivity, and the high-temperature stability of the brake can be improved.
- the Cu phase is strengthened, the wear resistance is improved.
- the surface of the high-speed railway lining is melted by frictional heat during braking. This means that during braking, the particles are heated to the melting point of Cu (1083 ° C.), which is the lowest among the constituent particles.
- the wear of the sintered body is affected by the neck strength of the sintered body, but the neck breaks due to distortion when the thermal expansion difference of the binding particles is large.
- Fe particles and Cu particles having a large difference in thermal expansion are used (the thermal expansion coefficient at room temperature is 11.7 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 / ° C. for Fe and 16.5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 / Cu for Cu). ° C).
- the sintered body structure can have a structure that can withstand distortion caused by expansion due to heat during braking, and wear resistance can be improved.
- the sintering temperature has an upper limit of 1083 ° C. below the melting point of Cu.
- the obtained sintered body can be used as a brake lining by cutting it into a predetermined size by ordinary electric discharge machining or the like and attaching it to a brake system.
- sintered friction materials were produced by the manufacturing process shown in Table 2. About the obtained sintered friction material, strength, hardness, and density were measured by the following methods. The results are also shown in Table 1.
- Cu is Fukuda Metal Foil Powder Co., Ltd.
- CE-15 electrolytic copper powder, maximum particle size 75 ⁇ m
- Fe is Heganess ASC300 (mill scale, reduced, maximum particle size 45 ⁇ m)
- Cr is high.
- Hardness measured micro Vickers hardness (load 50g, MHv50). In addition, No. About 2 and 4, hardness is not measured.
- FIGS. 1 to 7 are diagrams in which these results are arranged with respect to Fe / Cu values.
- the target value of the average friction coefficient in the test in which the initial brake (braking) speed is 365 km / h is 0.28 or more.
- the average wear amount in the test satisfies the relationship of M ⁇ 38.2 ⁇ F + 0.345 (where M is the average wear amount and F is the average friction coefficient) in relation to the average friction coefficient. The goal is to. The case where this relationship was satisfied was evaluated as “ ⁇ ”, and the case where it was not satisfied was evaluated as “ ⁇ ”.
- the target value of the average wear amount can be increased when the average wear amount is small, so that the pressing pressure can be increased, so that sufficient braking force can be secured, while the average wear amount is Even when the average friction coefficient is large, a sufficient braking force can be ensured even if the pressing pressure is lowered.
- the sintered friction material of the present invention has a high braking force and is excellent in high-temperature stability of the braking force. Therefore, the sintered friction material of the present invention is suitable for use as, for example, a brake lining for a high-speed railway requiring the highest braking force among traffic transportation vehicles.
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Abstract
Description
Cu:50%以上
Cuは、高い熱伝導性を有する元素であり、本発明では焼結摩擦材料の素地をなすものである。このCu主体の焼結体を得るためには、Cuを50%以上含有させる必要がある。Cuの含有量の上限は、添加成分との兼ね合いで定めればよく、特に限定しないが、67%以下とするのが好ましい。
Feは、鋼製のディスクに対して、ともがね効果が最も大きい元素である。この効果を得るためにはFeの含有量を7.5%以上とする必要がある。Fe含有量の上限は特に定めないが、Fe含有量が多すぎる場合、焼結温度によっては耐摩耗性が低下する場合がある。このため、Feの含有量は、36%以下にするのが好ましい。
黒鉛:5~15%
黒鉛は、ディスクとライニングとの間に介在することで、これらの凝着を抑制し、摩擦係数の安定化および耐摩耗性の向上に有用である。この効果は、その含有量が5%未満では十分に発揮されない。一方で、その含有量が15%を上回ると、焼結体の材料強度が低下する。
二硫化モリブデン(MoS2)は、黒鉛と同様、摩擦係数の安定化および耐摩耗性の向上に有用であるとともに、いわゆる「鳴き」の防止効果を有し、更に、高荷重時には潤滑性を与えるという効果も有している。この効果は、0.3%未満では発揮されず、7%を超えると、焼結体の材料強度が著しく低下し、耐摩耗性が損なわれる。
シリカ(SiO2)は、いわゆる「掘り起こし効果」によって相手材であるディスク表面に生じた酸化皮膜を除去して、ディスクとライニングと間で生じるFe同士の凝着を安定的に発生させて、摩擦力を確保するのに有効である。しかしながら、0.5%未満では、掘り起こし効果が生じず、一方、10%を上回るとディスク表面を荒損させる。
本発明の焼結摩擦材料は、一般的な製造方法、例えば、Cu粉にFe粉、各種添加物などを混合し、成形した後、焼結することによって製造することができる。また、原料として用いられるCu粉末に、アトマイズ等による粉末作成時に、あらかじめFeを含有させた原料粉末を用いても良い。
強度は、JIS R1601:2008に従い、「5.試験片」の「5.1試験片の形状及び寸法」の図2に示される試験片を作製し、「4.装置及び器具」の「4.2 試験ジグ」の図1a)に示される回転形3点n曲げ試験ジグを使用して、測定した。
硬さは、マイクロビッカース硬さ(荷重50g、MHv50)を測定した。なお、No.2、4については硬さを測定していない。
密度は、アルキメデス法により測定した。
実体(新幹線)の1/2サイズのブレーキディスク(外径400mm、厚さ20mm、鍛鋼製)を用いた3号ベンチ試験機を用い、ブレーキ(制動)初速度を160km/h、325km/hおよび365km/hとした試験を各3回実施した。それぞれの焼結摩擦材料から切り出したライニング材(38mm×55mm×15mm)を片面4個ずつ、合計8個をキャリパに剛固定(非等圧構造)し、ライニング材を、ディスク両面の半径170mmの位置に2.24kN(一定)の圧力で押し付け、その際のトルクを測定して摩擦係数(μ)を算出し、3回の試験の平均値を表3に示す。また、試験前後のライニング材の質量変化から摩耗量(g/片側)を測定し、三回の試験の平均値を表3に示す。また、365km/hとした試験における平均摩耗量と平均摩擦係数との関係を評価した。その結果を表3に併記した。これらの結果をFe/Cuの値について整理した図を図1~図7に示す。
Claims (5)
- 質量%で、7.5%以上のFe、50%以上のCu、5~15%の黒鉛、0.3~7%の二流化モリブデンおよび0.5~10%のシリカを含有し、Fe/Cuが0.15~0.40であることを特徴とする高速鉄道用焼結摩擦材料。
- 請求項1に示す化学組成を有する焼結摩擦材料からなり、長さ55mm、幅38mm、厚さ15mmの寸法を有する四対のライニングを用意し、これらのライニングを、外径400mm、厚さ20mmの鍛鋼製ブレーキディスクの半径170mmの位置に、ブレーキディスクの回転軸周りに等間隔に配置して、ブレーキディスクの両面から2.24kNの圧力で押し付けることにより初速度365km/hの車輪を制動する摩耗試験によって求めた焼結摩擦材料の平均摩耗量Mと平均摩擦係数Fとの関係が、M≦38.2×F+0.345の関係を満たすことを特徴とする高速鉄道用焼結摩擦材料。
- Fe粉としてミルスケール粉を用いたことを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の高速鉄道用焼結摩擦材料。
- 密度が4.6以上であることを特徴とする請求項1から3までのいずれかに記載の高速鉄道用焼結摩擦材料。
- 1000℃以上の温度で焼結したことを特徴とする請求項1から4までのいずれかに記載の高速鉄道用焼結摩擦材料。
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EP12762964.0A EP2692876B2 (en) | 2011-03-30 | 2012-03-28 | Sintered friction material for high-speed rail |
CN2012800164138A CN103459626A (zh) | 2011-03-30 | 2012-03-28 | 高速铁道用烧结摩擦材料 |
KR1020167002014A KR101823797B1 (ko) | 2011-03-30 | 2012-03-28 | 고속 철도용 소결 마찰재 |
US14/008,675 US20140109723A1 (en) | 2011-03-30 | 2012-03-28 | Sintered friction material for high-speed railway |
KR1020137026837A KR101892772B1 (ko) | 2011-03-30 | 2012-03-28 | 고속 철도용 소결 마찰재 |
BR112013025270A BR112013025270A2 (pt) | 2011-03-30 | 2012-03-28 | material de fricção sinterizado para um veículo ferroviário de alta velocidade |
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CN107245676A (zh) * | 2016-11-21 | 2017-10-13 | 西安航空制动科技有限公司 | 高速直线刹车用铜基粉末冶金摩擦材料及其制备方法 |
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JP6329088B2 (ja) * | 2015-01-30 | 2018-05-23 | 株式会社シマノ | 自転車用のブレーキパッドおよびその製造方法 |
JP7043406B2 (ja) * | 2015-09-29 | 2022-03-29 | ホガナス アクチボラグ (パブル) | 新しい鉄基複合粉末 |
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AT522255B1 (de) | 2019-03-13 | 2022-01-15 | Miba Frictec Gmbh | Reibbelag |
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DE102021207257A1 (de) | 2021-07-08 | 2023-01-12 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zum Bestimmen eines Reibungskoeffizienten zwischen einem Sinterungsboden und einem Bauteil, Computerprogrammprodukt sowie Sinterungsvorrichtung |
CN115466876B (zh) * | 2022-10-12 | 2023-08-22 | 湖南博云新材料股份有限公司 | 一种无人机刹车副用粉末冶金摩擦材料及其制备工艺 |
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JP5716494B2 (ja) | 2015-05-13 |
EP2692876B1 (en) | 2019-03-20 |
CN103459626A (zh) | 2013-12-18 |
KR20160017106A (ko) | 2016-02-15 |
TWI476285B (zh) | 2015-03-11 |
US20140109723A1 (en) | 2014-04-24 |
ES2722228T5 (es) | 2022-04-08 |
EP2692876A4 (en) | 2014-10-15 |
ES2722228T3 (es) | 2019-08-08 |
BR112013025270A2 (pt) | 2016-12-13 |
KR101892772B1 (ko) | 2018-08-28 |
EP2692876B2 (en) | 2022-01-05 |
KR101823797B1 (ko) | 2018-01-30 |
EP2692876A1 (en) | 2014-02-05 |
KR20130143715A (ko) | 2013-12-31 |
JP2012207289A (ja) | 2012-10-25 |
TW201311911A (zh) | 2013-03-16 |
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