WO2012133303A1 - 樹脂複合材料及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
樹脂複合材料及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
- C08F8/42—Introducing metal atoms or metal-containing groups
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- C08F110/00—Homopolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
- C08F110/02—Ethene
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- C08F110/00—Homopolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
- C08F110/04—Monomers containing three or four carbon atoms
- C08F110/06—Propene
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- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F120/00—Homopolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride, ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F120/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F120/10—Esters
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G63/91—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment
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- C08G64/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbonic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
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- C08G69/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G69/48—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment
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- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J7/00—Chemical treatment or coating of shaped articles made of macromolecular substances
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- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/02—Elements
- C08K3/04—Carbon
- C08K3/041—Carbon nanotubes
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- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/02—Elements
- C08K3/04—Carbon
- C08K3/042—Graphene or derivatives, e.g. graphene oxides
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K9/00—Use of pretreated ingredients
- C08K9/04—Ingredients treated with organic substances
- C08K9/06—Ingredients treated with organic substances with silicon-containing compounds
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- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2323/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2323/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
- C08J2323/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of propene
- C08J2323/12—Polypropene
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- C08J2351/00—Characterised by the use of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2351/06—Characterised by the use of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Derivatives of such polymers grafted on to homopolymers or copolymers of aliphatic hydrocarbons containing only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
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- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a resin composite material reinforced with a carbon material and a method for manufacturing the resin composite material, and more particularly to a resin composite material and a method for manufacturing the resin composite material in which the carbon material is a carbon material having a graphene structure.
- carbon materials having a graphene sheet structure have attracted attention because of their high elastic modulus and high conductivity.
- a product made of the synthetic resin can be reinforced or imparted with conductivity.
- graphene sheets, carbon nanotubes, thinned graphite, and the like are nano-sized and have a large specific surface area. Therefore, it is considered that the reinforcing effect is high when the carbon material is combined with a synthetic resin.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a method for obtaining a uniform dispersed state using a good solvent of a thermoplastic resin and a carbon material. According to this method, as long as a common solvent exists in the thermoplastic resin and the carbon material, it is possible to obtain a resin composite material in a uniformly dispersed state.
- the above carbon materials have a problem that the dispersibility in the solvent is extremely poor because of the large cohesive force due to the ⁇ stacking force. Moreover, in the manufacturing method described in Patent Document 1, a large amount of solvent is required to disperse the carbon material in the resin. For this reason, there are problems such as high cost of the solvent and difficulty in removing the solvent.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a resin composite material that is excellent in mechanical strength and can be easily manufactured, and a method for manufacturing the resin composite material.
- the resin composite material according to the present invention is a resin composite material obtained by chemically bonding a reactive polyfunctional compound to both a thermoplastic resin and a carbon material having a graphene structure.
- the reactive polyfunctional compound has a reactive functional group
- the reactive functional group includes a carboxyl group, a carbonyl group, a sulfonic acid group, a hydroxy group, Selected from the group consisting of isocyanate group, silyl group, siloxy group, alkoxy group, vinyl group, chlorine, aryl group, amino group, ether group, ester group, amide group, thiol group, (meth) acryl group and epoxy group It is a functional group.
- these reactive functional groups are included, a resin composite material with higher mechanical strength can be obtained.
- the reactive polyfunctional compound has a chemical bond between a compound A having the structure of the following formula (1) or a plurality of compounds having the structure of the formula (1).
- Compound B has a chemical bond between a compound A having the structure of the following formula (1) or a plurality of compounds having the structure of the formula (1).
- R 1 to R 4 in the formula (1) are independent from the group consisting of silyl, siloxy, alkoxy, vinyl, chlorine, aryl, alkyl, alkylamine, ether, ester, amine, amide, hydrogen, thiol, methacryl and epoxy. Is a functional group selected.
- R 1 to R 4 are independently selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, vinyl, alkyl and (meth) acryl. At least one of R 1 to R 4 is any one of chlorine, siloxy, and alkoxy.
- the hydrocarbon group may have a branch or a cyclic structure.
- the compound A or the compound B is chemically bonded to both the thermoplastic resin and the carbon material having a graphene structure, the mechanical strength of the resin composite material can be effectively increased. .
- the reactive polyfunctional compound may be either Compound A or Compound B.
- Compound B preferably, a portion derived from at least one compound having the structure of Formula (1) among the plurality of compounds having the structure of Formula (1) is chemically bonded to the thermoplastic resin, At least one of the remaining portions derived from the compound A having the structure of the formula (1) may be chemically bonded to the carbon material having a graphene structure.
- the compound B among the plurality of compounds A constituting the compound B, at least one part derived from the compound A is a thermoplastic resin and at least one of the parts derived from the remaining compound A One is chemically bonded to a carbon material having a graphene structure.
- the reactive polyfunctional compound is one reactive polyfunctional compound selected from a dioxime compound, a bismaleimide compound, and a quinone compound.
- the carbon material having the graphene structure is at least one selected from the group consisting of graphene, graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes, exfoliated graphite, and exfoliated graphite. It is a carbon material. In that case, the carbon material having a graphene structure has a nano size and a large specific surface area. Therefore, the mechanical strength of the resin composite material can be further increased with a small amount.
- the carbon material having the graphene structure is oxidized exfoliated graphite, and the C / O ratio obtained by elemental analysis of the oxidized exfoliated graphite is in the range of 2-20.
- the dispersibility of the carbon material having a graphene structure is increased, and the carbon material is more uniformly dispersed in the thermoplastic resin, so that the mechanical strength of the resin composite material can be further increased.
- thermoplastic resin is a polyolefin.
- the cost of the resin composite material can be reduced by using a widely used polyolefin.
- the method for producing a resin composite material according to the present invention is a method for obtaining the resin composite material according to the present invention.
- the first step of chemically bonding the reactive polyfunctional compound and the thermoplastic resin, the reactive polyfunctional compound, and the carbon material having the graphene structure are chemically bonded.
- At least one of the first step and the second step is performed in a process of kneading using an extruder.
- the first or second step can be performed in the process of kneading the raw materials with an extruder.
- the first And the second step is performed in the process of supplying and kneading a thermoplastic resin, a reactive polyfunctional compound, and a carbon material having the graphene structure to an extruder.
- the first And the second step is performed in the process of supplying and kneading a thermoplastic resin, a reactive polyfunctional compound, and a carbon material having the graphene structure to an extruder.
- both the reactive polyfunctional compound and the thermoplastic resin and the carbon material having a graphene structure are chemically bonded. Therefore, the manufacturing process can be simplified.
- the second step is performed, and after the extrusion from the extruder, the first step is performed. Done.
- the process of chemically bonding the other of the thermoplastic resin and the carbon material having a graphene structure to the reactive polyfunctional compound can be optimized.
- the reactive polyfunctional compound is chemically bonded to both the thermoplastic resin and the carbon material having a graphene structure, it is possible to effectively increase the mechanical strength of the resin composite material. It becomes. Moreover, in the manufacturing method of the resin composite material which concerns on this invention, the resin composite material of this invention with high mechanical strength can be provided.
- the resin composite material according to the present invention is obtained by chemically bonding a reactive polyfunctional compound to both a thermoplastic resin and a carbon material having a graphene structure.
- a resin composite material obtained by simply kneading a conventional thermoplastic resin and a carbon material did not exhibit sufficient mechanical strength, whereas in the present invention, the reactive polyfunctional compound has a thermoplastic resin and a graphene structure. Since it is chemically bonded to both of the carbon materials it has, the mechanical strength can be effectively increased.
- Reactive polyfunctional compound As the reactive polyfunctional compound used in the present invention, various reactive polyfunctional compounds having a plurality of reactive functional groups and capable of chemically bonding to both a thermoplastic resin and a carbon material having a graphene structure are used. it can. Examples of such reactive polyfunctional compounds include the following a) to c).
- a) having a reactive functional group the reactive functional group being a carboxyl group, a carbonyl group, a sulfonic acid group, a hydroxy group, an isocyanate group, a silyl group, a siloxy group, an alkoxy group, a vinyl group, chlorine, an aryl group,
- a reactive polyfunctional compound which is a functional group selected from the group consisting of an amino group, an ether group, an ester group, an amide group, a thiol group, a (meth) acryl group and an epoxy group.
- Examples of such a reactive polyfunctional compound a include maleic acid as a compound having a carboxyl group, dicarboxylic acids such as terephthalic acid, disulfonic acids such as 1,5-naphthalenedisulfonic acid as a compound having a sulfonic acid group, hydroxy Glycols such as ethylene glycol as compounds having a group, diisocyanates such as hexamethylene diisocyanate and phenylene diisocyanate as compounds having an isocyanate group, divinyls such as divirbenzene as compounds having a vinyl group, and phenylene as a compound having an amino group Diamines such as diamine and ethylenediamine, triamines such as pyridine-2,3,6-triamine, and dithiols such as 1,2-ethanedithiol as compounds having a thiol group Di (meth) acrylic compounds such as 1,9-nononediol diacrylate and tri (meth) acrylic compounds such as trimethyl
- the reactive polyfunctional compound may have two or more different functional groups such as methacryloyl chloride, 10-undecenoyl chloride, 3-amino-2-cyclohexen-1-one, aminophenol, Examples thereof include aminobutanol allyl glycidyl ether, 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate glycidyl ether, 3- (4-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid, salicylic acid and methyl 3- (4hydroxyphenyl) propionate.
- Compound A having the structure of the following formula (1) or compound B in which a plurality of compounds having the structure of formula (1) are chemically bonded to each other.
- R 1 to R 4 in the formula (1) are independent from the group consisting of silyl, siloxy, alkoxy, vinyl, chlorine, aryl, alkyl, alkylamine, ether, ester, amine, amide, hydrogen, thiol, methacryl and epoxy. Is a functional group selected.
- R 1 to R 4 are independently selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, vinyl, alkyl and (meth) acryl. At least one of R 1 to R 4 is any one of chlorine, siloxy, and alkoxy.
- the hydrocarbon group may have a branch or a cyclic structure.
- Specific examples of the compound A having the structure of the above formula (1) include 3-glycidoxypropyltriethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and the like.
- Specific examples of compound B in which compounds A having the structure of formula (1) are bonded to each other include alkoxy oligomers.
- reactive polyfunctional compound c selected from the group consisting of the dioxime compound, bismaleimide compound and quinone compound
- the dioxime compound include p-quinone dioxime and p, p-dibenzoylquinone dioxime
- the bismaleimide compound include N, Np-phenylene bismaleimide, N, Nm-phenylene bismaleimide, and diphenylmethane bismaleimide.
- quinone compound include hydroquinone, p-benzoquinone, and tetrachloro-p-benzoquinone.
- the compound A having the structure of the above formula (1) may be used, or the compound B in which the compounds having the plurality of the structures of the formula (1) are chemically bonded may be used.
- the compound A both the thermoplastic resin and the carbon material having a graphene structure are chemically bonded to the compound A.
- the mechanical strength of the resin composite material can be greatly increased.
- the mechanical strength at a high temperature of 80 ° C. or higher can be greatly increased.
- At least one of the portions derived from the compound having the structure of Formula (1) is heat. It may be chemically bonded to the plastic resin, and at least one of the remaining portions derived from the compound A having the structure of the formula (1) may be chemically bonded to the carbon material having a graphene structure. Even in that case, the thermoplastic resin and the carbon material having a graphene structure are bonded through the compound B. Therefore, the mechanical strength of the resin composite material can be effectively increased according to the present invention.
- the type of chemical bond between the compounds having the structure of the plurality of formulas (1) is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a covalent bond, an ionic bond, and a van der Waals bond.
- the chemical bond is a covalent bond between silicon atoms formed by a silane coupling reaction between compounds having the structure of formula (1).
- thermoplastic resin used for the resin composite material of the present invention is not particularly limited.
- thermoplastic resins include polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, acrylonitrile styrene copolymer, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene copolymer, polyvinyl chloride, acrylic resin, methacrylic resin, polystyrene, polytetrafluoro Ethylene, polychlorotrifluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer, vinylidene chloride resin, chlorinated polyethylene, polydicyclopentadiene, methylpentene resin, polybutylene, polyphenylene ether, polyamide, polyphenylene ether, polyphenylene sulfide, polyphenylene sulfide Ether ether ketone, polyallyl ether ketone, polyamideimide, polyimide, polyetherimi
- thermoplastic resin a modified thermoplastic resin modified with a functional group may be used.
- the thermoplastic resin can be easily chemically bonded to the reactive polyfunctional compound by the reaction between the reactive polyfunctional compound and the modified portion of the modified thermoplastic resin.
- modified thermoplastic resin various modified thermoplastic resins modified with a functional group capable of reacting with the reactive functional group of the reactive polyfunctional compound can be used.
- maleic anhydride-modified polyolefin, chlorinated polyolefin, or the like can be suitably used as the modified thermoplastic resin in which the modified portion can react with the amino group.
- maleic anhydride-modified polyolefin include maleic anhydride-modified polypropylene and maleic anhydride-modified polyethylene.
- chlorinated polyolefin include chlorinated polypropylene and chlorinated polyethylene. More preferably, when the reactive polyfunctional compound is the compound A or the compound B having the structure of the above formula (1) and has an amino group, the modified thermoplastic resin has a reactivity with an amino group.
- the modified part of the maleic anhydride-modified polyolefin is condensed with the amino group of Compound A or Compound B to form a chemical bond.
- a carbon material having a graphene structure is used in order to give a reinforcing effect to the resin composite material or in some cases to provide conductivity.
- the carbon material having a graphene structure at least one selected from the group consisting of graphene, graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes, exfoliated graphite, and exfoliated graphite can be used. Note that exfoliated graphite is obtained by exfoliating ordinary graphite and having a number of graphene layers of about several to 200 layers.
- the carbon material having the graphene structure is a laminate of a plurality of graphene oxide sheets, that is, exfoliated graphite.
- Oxidized exfoliated graphite is obtained by oxidizing exfoliated graphite obtained by exfoliating original graphite or exfoliating graphite oxide.
- the exfoliated graphite is a graphene oxide laminate, and the number of graphene oxide layers in the exfoliated graphite that is thinner than the original graphite or graphite oxide should be less than that of the original graphite, and is usually about several to 200 layers. is there.
- oxide exfoliated graphite When oxide exfoliated graphite is used as the carbon material having the graphene structure, it can be bonded to the compound A or the compound B by a silane coupling reaction.
- the C / O ratio obtained by elemental analysis of the oxidized exfoliated graphite is in the range of 2 to 20 with respect to the proportion of oxygen atoms contained in the oxidized exfoliated graphite. preferable.
- the C / O ratio obtained by elemental analysis refers to the ratio of the number of moles of carbon atoms and oxygen atoms obtained by elemental analysis.
- the oxide exfoliated graphite has a shape with a relatively large aspect ratio. Therefore, when the oxidized exfoliated graphite is uniformly dispersed in the resin composite material, it is possible to effectively enhance the reinforcing effect against the external force applied in the direction intersecting the laminated surface of the oxidized exfoliated graphite.
- the aspect ratio refers to the ratio of the maximum dimension of the oxidized exfoliated graphite in the graphene lamination surface direction to the thickness of the exfoliated graphite.
- the preferable lower limit of the aspect ratio of the exfoliated graphite is 50, and the preferable upper limit is 5000.
- the mixing ratio of the carbon material having the graphene structure is not particularly limited, but is preferably in the range of 0.5 to 40 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the thermoplastic resin. If it is less than 0.5 part by weight, the reinforcing effect by the oxidized exfoliated graphite derivative may be insufficient. If the amount exceeds 40 parts by weight, the resin composite material can have high rigidity, but it may be brittle and easily cracked.
- additives may be used as long as the object of the present invention is not impaired.
- additives include phenolic, phosphorous, amine or sulfur antioxidants; metal harm inhibitors; halogenated flame retardants such as hexabromobiphenyl ether or decabromodiphenyl ether; ammonium polyphosphate or trimethyl. Flame retardants such as phosphates; various fillers; antistatic agents; stabilizers; pigments and the like.
- a radical generator such as peroxide may be added.
- a radical generator can efficiently react the reactive polyfunctional compound even when the temperature and shear rate of the extruder are relatively low.
- the production method according to the present invention is a method for obtaining the resin composite material of the present invention.
- the method for producing a resin composite material according to the present invention includes a first step of chemically bonding a reactive polyfunctional compound to a thermoplastic resin, and a second step of chemically bonding the reactive polyfunctional compound and a carbon material having a graphene structure. The process is provided.
- the first and second steps may be performed in separate steps, and the first and second steps may be performed in the same process.
- chemical bonds can be formed effectively. Therefore, the mechanical strength can be further increased.
- the order is not particularly limited. That is, the second step may be performed after the first step. Alternatively, the first step may be performed after the second step.
- the method itself for forming a chemical bond in the first step and the second step is not particularly limited. That is, the following various chemical bond forming methods can be used.
- the type of chemical bond between the reactive polyfunctional compound and the thermoplastic resin is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a covalent bond, an ionic bond, and a van der Waals bond.
- the chemical bond may be a bond formed by a radical reaction between a reactive polyfunctional compound and the thermoplastic resin.
- the type of chemical bond between the reactive polyfunctional compound and the carbon material having the graphene structure is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a covalent bond, an ionic bond, and a van der Waals bond.
- the chemical bond is preferably a bond formed by a silane coupling reaction between the compound A and the oxidized exfoliated graphite.
- a chemical bond may be formed by an appropriate method according to the type of the reactive functional group. Examples of such methods include heating, electron beam irradiation, and addition of peroxide.
- the reactive polyfunctional compound a has an amino group
- the thermoplastic resin is hardly deteriorated. Therefore, the mechanical strength of the obtained resin composite material can be effectively increased.
- the reactive polyfunctional compound is the compound A having the structure of the formula (1) or the compound B described above
- a method of irradiating an electron beam at a stage where it is kneaded with a thermoplastic resin can be used.
- compound A has an amino group
- the reactive polyfunctional compound is the reactive polyfunctional compound c
- methods such as heating, electron beam irradiation, and addition of peroxide can be used for chemical bonding with the thermoplastic resin.
- the method for forming a chemical bond between the reactive polyfunctional compound and the carbon material having a graphene structure is not particularly limited, and an appropriate method can be used.
- the reactive polyfunctional compound has an amino group
- Oxidized exfoliated graphite has an epoxy group on its surface. Therefore, a chemical bond can be formed by reacting an amino group with the epoxy group. In this case, chemical bonds can be formed more easily, and the mechanical strength of the resulting resin composite material can be more reliably increased.
- the reactive polyfunctional compound is the compound A having the structure of the above formula (1) or the above compound B, and oxide exfoliated graphite is used as a carbon material having a graphene structure, a silane coupling reaction Thus, a chemical bond can be formed.
- exfoliated graphite as a carbon material having a graphene structure, whereby a chemical bond with a reactive polyfunctional compound can be easily formed.
- thermoplastic resin and the carbon material having a graphene structure may be directly chemically bonded.
- mechanical strength of the resin composite material can be further increased.
- Such a chemical bond can be formed by, for example, a graft reaction between a thermoplastic resin and a carbon material having a graphene structure.
- thermoplastic resin a carbon material having a graphene structure
- a reactive polyfunctional compound are kneaded in an extruder.
- the reactive polyfunctional compound is chemically bonded to at least one of a thermoplastic resin and a carbon material having a graphene structure. Since the chemical bond can be formed in the kneading process, the production is easy. More specifically, the following first and second methods can be mentioned.
- the reactive polyfunctional compound in the kneading process, is chemically bonded to one of a thermoplastic resin and a carbon material having a graphene structure. Then, in the composite material extruded from the extruder, the reactive polyfunctional compound is chemically bonded to the other of the thermoplastic resin and the carbon material having a graphene structure outside the extruder. In this manner, the resin composite material of the present invention in which the reactive polyfunctional compound is chemically bonded to both the thermoplastic resin and the carbon material having a graphene structure can be obtained.
- the reactive polyfunctional compound is chemically bonded to both the thermoplastic resin and the carbon material having a graphene structure in the kneading process.
- the resin composite material of the present invention can be extruded immediately from the extruder. Therefore, the manufacturing process can be further simplified.
- the reactive polyfunctional compound when the reactive polyfunctional compound is chemically bonded to both the thermoplastic resin and the carbon material having a graphene structure, the reactive polyfunctional compound is converted into the thermoplastic resin and The step of chemically bonding with one of the carbon materials having a graphene structure is carried out in a kneading process in the extruder, and the step of chemically bonding the reactive polyfunctional compound with the other of the thermoplastic resin and the carbon material having a graphene structure is performed by kneading. It may be carried out simultaneously in the process, or after kneading extrusion.
- an appropriate extruder can be used as long as the thermoplastic resin, the carbon material having a graphene structure, and the reactive polyfunctional compound can be kneaded.
- examples of such an extruder include a mesh type twin screw extruder including a kneading screw and a plurality of cylinder barrels in which the screw is disposed.
- Examples of the above twin screw extruder include a mesh type co-rotating twin screw extruder including a self-wiping type double screw element, a screw having a kneading disk element, and a plurality of cylinder barrels. it can.
- a meshing type co-rotating twin screw extruder for example, model “BT40” manufactured by Plastics Engineering Laboratory can be cited.
- a sheet-like resin composite material can be obtained by, for example, connecting a T die to the tip of the extruder.
- the temperature in the extruder needs to be configured to be heated to an appropriate temperature so that the thermoplastic resin, the carbon material having a graphene structure, and the reactive polyfunctional compound can be kneaded. What is necessary is just to select suitably about this heating temperature according to the material to be used and the kind of chemical bond to form.
- the temperature in the extruder may be set to 180 ° C. or higher.
- fusing point shall mean the temperature of the melting peak by DSC.
- the temperature in the extruder only needs to be higher than the melting point of the thermoplastic resin to be used.
- About the upper limit of heating temperature, what is necessary is just to be below the temperature which does not cause the quality change of a thermoplastic resin and a reactive polyfunctional compound.
- the resin composite material extruded to form the chemical bond is heated to an appropriate temperature outside the extruder.
- Various treatments such as electron beam irradiation may be performed.
- the step of chemically bonding the reactive polyfunctional compound and the thermoplastic resin and the step of chemically bonding the reactive polyfunctional compound and the carbon material having a graphene structure can be performed separately. Therefore, chemical bonds can be formed by a method suitable for each chemical bond. Therefore, a resin composite material with higher mechanical strength can be obtained.
- compound A or compound B and the thermoplastic resin are chemically bonded in the first step.
- the compound A or the compound B and the carbon material having a graphene structure are chemically bonded in the second step.
- compound A or compound B and a thermoplastic resin are chemically bonded to obtain a compound having a structure in which compound A or compound B is chemically bonded to the thermoplastic resin.
- a carbon material having a graphene structure is chemically bonded to the compound having this structure.
- a silane-modified carbon material in which compound A or compound B is bonded to a carbon material having a graphene structure by silane coupling is obtained. Then, after the second step, a chemical bond is formed between the silane-modified carbon material and the thermoplastic resin.
- the compound A used in the first step and the compound A used in the second step may be separate compounds.
- a silane-bonded thermoplastic resin is obtained in the first step, and a silane-modified carbon material is obtained in the second step.
- the silane-bonded thermoplastic resin and the carbon material having a graphene structure are silane-coupled. It will be.
- the second step is performed first, a silane-modified carbon material is obtained, and the thermoplastic resin is silane-bonded to the silane-modified carbon material in the second step.
- thermoplastic resin when the compound B is used, the thermoplastic resin is chemically bonded to at least one portion of the plurality of portions having the structure of the formula (1) in the compound B, and the graphene structure is formed to the remaining at least one portion.
- the carbon material which has can be chemically bonded.
- polymerization of the monomer for obtaining the said thermoplastic resin thereby, a chemical bond between the compound containing a portion derived from compound A and the thermoplastic resin can be formed.
- the reactive polyfunctional compound may coexist with the monomer during the polymerization of the monomer for obtaining the thermoplastic resin.
- the resin composite material of the present invention is obtained by the above-described production method, it is molded by being extruded from an extruder. Therefore, according to the present invention, resin composite material molded products having various shapes obtained by extrusion molding can be obtained. it can. For example, a sheet-like resin composite material having high mechanical strength can be obtained by connecting a T die to an extruder.
- the resin composite material according to the present invention includes the carbon material having the graphene structure.
- the resin composite material can also exhibit electrical conductivity. Therefore, the resin composite material has a possibility that it can be used as a material exhibiting electrical conductivity.
- the present invention will be clarified by giving specific examples of the present invention. In addition, this invention is not limited to a following example.
- Oxidized exfoliated graphite used in Examples and Comparative Examples of the present invention was produced by the following method.
- Example 1 Oxidized exfoliated graphite (C / O ratio obtained by elemental analysis: 8) produced by the above method was dispersed in a water / ethanol (50/50) mixed solution using ultrasonic waves, and oxidized exfoliated graphite.
- a water / ethanol (50/50) mixed solution using ultrasonic waves was dispersed in a water / ethanol (50/50) mixed solution using ultrasonic waves, and oxidized exfoliated graphite.
- acetic acid was added to the mixture to adjust the pH of the mixture to 5.
- the vinyltriethoxysilane was added so that the weight% of the vinyltriethoxysilane in the mixture was 0.5% by weight.
- the mixture was treated with ultrasonic waves for 1 hour.
- the mixture was heated at 120 ° C. for 2 hours. Thereafter, the obtained reaction mixture was sonicated in acetone, and the liquid was removed by filtration to obtain surface-modified oxide-exfoliated graphite to which vinyl
- the resin composition sheet was irradiated with an electron beam to chemically bond the vinyltriethoxysilane to the polypropylene to obtain a resin composite sheet (thickness 0.5 mm).
- Example 2 100 parts by weight of polypropylene (trade name “J-721GR” manufactured by Prime Polymer Co., Ltd., tensile elastic modulus: 1.2 GPa, linear expansion coefficient: 11 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 / K), and exfoliated graphite oxide produced by the above method ( C / O ratio obtained by elemental analysis: 8) 5 parts by weight and 10 parts by weight of vinyltriethoxysilane were melt kneaded at 180 ° C. with a Laboplast mill (trade name “R-100” manufactured by Toyo Seiki Co., Ltd.). And it shape
- the resin composition sheet was immersed in warm water at 80 ° C. for 24 hours to chemically bond the vinyltriethoxysilane and the oxidized exfoliated graphite, thereby obtaining a resin composite sheet (thickness 0.5 mm). .
- Example 3 Maleic anhydride-modified polypropylene (trade name “Admer QE800” manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals, Ltd., tensile elastic modulus: 1.5 GPa, linear expansion coefficient: 10 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 / K) 100 parts by weight, and oxidized flakes produced by the above method Graphite (C / O ratio obtained by elemental analysis: 8 parts by weight) and 10 parts by weight of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane were added to a lab plast mill (trade name “R-100” manufactured by Toyo Seiki Co., Ltd.). The mixture was melt-kneaded at 180 ° C. and formed into a sheet by pressing to obtain a resin composition sheet having a thickness of 0.5 mm.
- the 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane was coupled by immersing the resin composition sheet in warm water at 80 ° C. for 24 hours.
- a resin composite material sheet (thickness 0.5 mm) in which the maleic anhydride-modified polypropylene and the oxidized exfoliated graphite were bonded via the 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane was obtained.
- Example 4 A resin composite material sheet was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2 except that carbon nanotubes (trade name “CTUBE-100” manufactured by CNT) were used in place of oxidized exfoliated graphite.
- carbon nanotubes trade name “CTUBE-100” manufactured by CNT
- the above 10-divided cylinder barrels were changed from the first barrel to the tenth barrel from the upstream side to the downstream side of the extruder.
- the first to fifth barrels were set at 180 ° C.
- the sixth to eighth barrels at 230 ° C.
- the ninth to tenth barrels and the coat hanger die at 210 ° C.
- Maleic anhydride-modified polypropylene (trade name “Admer QE800” manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals, Inc., tensile elastic modulus: 1.5 GPa, linear expansion coefficient: 10 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 / K) is charged into the hopper, and 10 kg is used using a screw feeder. It was supplied to the extruder from the supply port at a supply rate of / hour.
- 3-glycidoxypropyltriethoxysilane was added to a micropump (model “VC-102”).
- MODEL 186-346 manufactured by Chuo Science Co., Ltd.
- the extruder was operated at a screw speed of 40 rpm, and the resin composite material was discharged from the discharge port of the T die to obtain a resin composite material sheet.
- the resin composite material sheet was immersed in warm water at 80 ° C. for 24 hours to chemically bond the 3-glycidoxypropyltriethoxysilane and the exfoliated graphite to obtain a resin composite sheet.
- Example 6 The same T die as in Example 5 was connected to the tip of the same meshing type same-direction rotating twin screw extruder as in Example 5.
- the temperature settings of the first to tenth cylinder barrels are 180 ° C for the first to fifth barrels, 220 ° C for the sixth to eighth barrels, the ninth barrel from the upstream side to the downstream side of the extruder. ⁇ 10th barrel and coat hanger die set to 200 ° C.
- Polypropylene (trade name “J-721GR” manufactured by Prime Polymer Co., Ltd., tensile elastic modulus: 1.2 GPa, linear expansion coefficient: 11 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 / K) is put into the hopper, and 10 kg / hour is used using a screw feeder. It supplied to the said extruder from the supply port at the supply speed.
- oxidized graphite exfoliated graphite (C / O ratio obtained by elemental analysis: 8) and p-quinone dioxime produced by the above method (“Barunok GM-" manufactured by Ouchi Shinko Chemical Co., Ltd.) P ”) was added at a rate of 500 g / hour and 150 g / hour, respectively, and the extruder was operated at a screw rotation speed of 40 rpm, and discharged from a T-die discharge port to obtain a resin composite material sheet.
- Example 7 instead of the polypropylene of Example 6, maleic anhydride-modified polypropylene (trade name “Admer QE800” manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals, Inc., tensile modulus: 1.5 GPa, linear expansion coefficient: 10 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 / K) was used, and p A resin composite material sheet was obtained in the same manner as in Example 6 except that phenylenediamine was used in place of quinonedioxime and the input amount was 200 g / hour.
- Admer QE800 manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals, Inc., tensile modulus: 1.5 GPa, linear expansion coefficient: 10 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 / K
- Example 8 In the same manner as in Example 5, a T-die was connected to the tip of the meshing type co-rotating twin screw extruder used in Example 5.
- the temperature setting of the first to tenth cylinder barrels is from the first barrel to the tenth barrel from the upstream side to the downstream side of the extruder, the first barrel to the fifth barrel are 180 ° C., the sixth barrel to the eighth barrel
- the barrel was set at 220 ° C
- the ninth to tenth barrels and the coat hanger die at 200 ° C.
- Polypropylene (trade name “J-721GR” manufactured by Prime Polymer Co., Ltd., tensile elastic modulus: 1.2 GPa, linear expansion coefficient: 11 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 / K) is put into the hopper, and 10 kg / hour is used using a screw feeder. It supplied to the said extruder from the supply port at the supply speed. From the side feeder installed in the third barrel, exfoliated graphite (C / O ratio obtained by elemental analysis: 8) produced by the above method was charged at a rate of 500 g / hour.
- Example 9 100 parts by weight of polyethylene (trade name “1300J” manufactured by Prime Polymer Co., Ltd., tensile elastic modulus: 1.3 GPa, linear expansion coefficient: 11 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 / K), and oxidized exfoliated graphite (elemental analysis) manufactured by the above method C / O ratio obtained in 8: 5 parts by weight and 10 parts by weight of vinyltriethoxysilane were melt-kneaded at 180 ° C. with a lab plast mill (trade name “R-100” manufactured by Toyo Seiki Co., Ltd.) The resin composition sheet having a thickness of 0.5 mm was obtained by forming into a sheet by pressing. Subsequently, the polypropylene and the vinyltriethoxysilane were chemically bonded by irradiating the resin composition sheet with an electron beam.
- polyethylene trade name “1300J” manufactured by Prime Polymer Co., Ltd., tensile elastic modulus: 1.3 GPa, linear expansion coefficient: 11 ⁇
- the resin composition sheet was immersed in warm water at 80 ° C. for 24 hours to chemically bond the vinyltriethoxysilane and the oxidized exfoliated graphite, thereby obtaining a resin composite sheet (thickness 0.5 mm). .
- Example 10 100 parts by weight of polycarbonate (trade name “H-4000”, manufactured by Mitsubishi Engineering Plastics Co., Ltd., tensile elastic modulus: 2.4 GPa, linear expansion coefficient: 6.5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 / K) and oxidation produced by the above method Exfoliated graphite (C / O ratio obtained by elemental analysis: 8) 5 parts by weight and 10 parts by weight of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, Labo Plastmill (trade name “R-100” manufactured by Toyo Seiki Co., Ltd.) And kneaded at 270 ° C., and formed into a sheet by press working to obtain a resin composition sheet having a thickness of 0.5 mm.
- polycarbonate trade name “H-4000”, manufactured by Mitsubishi Engineering Plastics Co., Ltd., tensile elastic modulus: 2.4 GPa, linear expansion coefficient: 6.5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 / K
- Exfoliated graphite C / O ratio obtained by elemental analysis: 8
- the 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane was coupled by immersing the resin composition sheet in warm water at 80 ° C. for 24 hours. Thereby, a resin composite material sheet (thickness 0.5 mm) in which the polycarbonate and the oxidized exfoliated graphite were bonded via the 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane was obtained.
- Example 11 100 parts by weight of polyester (trade name “5010R3-2” manufactured by Mitsubishi Engineering Plastics Co., Ltd., tensile modulus: 2.4 GPa, linear expansion coefficient: 10 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 / K), and oxidized flakes produced by the above method 5 parts by weight of graphite (C / O ratio obtained by elemental analysis: 8) and 10 parts by weight of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane were used in a lab plast mill (trade name “R-100” manufactured by Toyo Seiki Co., Ltd.). The mixture was melt-kneaded at 240 ° C. and formed into a sheet by pressing to obtain a resin composition sheet having a thickness of 0.5 mm.
- polyester trade name “5010R3-2” manufactured by Mitsubishi Engineering Plastics Co., Ltd., tensile modulus: 2.4 GPa, linear expansion coefficient: 10 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 / K
- oxidized flakes produced by the above method 5 parts by weight of graphite (C
- the 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane was coupled by immersing the resin composition sheet in warm water at 80 ° C. for 24 hours.
- a resin composite material sheet (thickness 0.5 mm) in which the polyester and the oxidized exfoliated graphite were bonded via the 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane was obtained.
- Example 12 100 parts by weight of polyamide (trade name “1300S” manufactured by Asahi Kasei, flexural modulus: 2.7 GPa, coefficient of linear expansion: 8 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 / K), and oxidized graphite exfoliated (obtained by elemental analysis) C / O ratio: 8) 5 parts by weight and 10 parts by weight of 3-isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane were melt-kneaded at 270 ° C. with a lab plast mill (trade name “R-100” manufactured by Toyo Seiki Co., Ltd.). The resin composition sheet having a thickness of 0.5 mm was obtained by molding into a sheet by pressing.
- polyamide trade name “1300S” manufactured by Asahi Kasei, flexural modulus: 2.7 GPa, coefficient of linear expansion: 8 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 / K
- Example 13 100 parts by weight of polystyrene (trade name “CR-3500” manufactured by DIC Corporation, flexural modulus: 3.3 GPa) and exfoliated graphite (C / O ratio obtained by elemental analysis: 8) produced by the above method 5 Part by weight and 10 parts by weight of vinyltriethoxysilane were melt-kneaded at 220 ° C. with a lab plast mill (trade name “R-100” manufactured by Toyo Seiki Co., Ltd.), formed into a sheet by pressing, A 0.5 mm resin composition sheet was obtained. Subsequently, the polystyrene and the vinyltriethoxysilane were chemically bonded by irradiating the resin composition sheet with an electron beam.
- a lab plast mill trade name “R-100” manufactured by Toyo Seiki Co., Ltd.
- the resin composition sheet was immersed in warm water at 80 ° C. for 24 hours to chemically bond the vinyltriethoxysilane and the oxidized exfoliated graphite, thereby obtaining a resin composite sheet (thickness 0.5 mm). .
- Example 14 100 parts by weight of polymethyl methacrylate (trade name “VH000” manufactured by Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd., tensile elastic modulus: 3.3 GPa, linear expansion coefficient: 6 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 / K), and exfoliated graphite ( C / O ratio obtained by elemental analysis: 8) 5 parts by weight and 10 parts by weight of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane were mixed at 240 ° C. using a lab plast mill (trade name “R-100” manufactured by Toyo Seiki Co., Ltd.). Were melt-kneaded and formed into a sheet by press working to obtain a resin composition sheet having a thickness of 0.5 mm.
- a lab plast mill trade name “R-100” manufactured by Toyo Seiki Co., Ltd.
- the 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane was coupled by immersing the resin composition sheet in warm water at 80 ° C. for 24 hours. Thereby, a resin composite material sheet (thickness 0.5 mm) in which the polymethyl methacrylate and the oxidized exfoliated graphite were bonded via the 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane was obtained.
- Example 1 a resin composite material was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that vinyltriethoxysilane was not added.
- Comparative Example 2 A resin composite material sheet was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the electron beam was not irradiated.
- Example 7 a resin composite material sheet was obtained in the same manner as in Example 7 except that phenylenediamine was not added.
- Comparative Example 9 The resin composite material sheet extruded from the extruder in Example 5 was referred to as Comparative Example 9.
- Example 9 a resin composite material was obtained in the same manner as in Example 9 except that vinyltriethoxysilane was not added.
- Example 12 a resin composite material was obtained in the same manner as in Example 12 except that 3-isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane was not added.
- Example 14 a resin composite material was obtained in the same manner as in Example 14 except that 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane was not added.
- the resin composite material sheets manufactured according to Examples 1 to 4 according to the present invention have a significantly higher tensile elastic modulus than the resin composite material sheets manufactured according to Comparative Examples 1 to 4.
- the tensile elastic modulus of the resin composite material sheets of Examples 1 to 3 using exfoliated graphite as the carbon material is higher than that of the resin composite material sheet of Example 4 using carbon nanotubes as the carbon material. Yes. This is presumably because the mechanical strength of the resin composite material sheets of Examples 1 to 3 was effectively enhanced by the oxidized exfoliated graphite having a C / O ratio of 8.
- the tensile elastic modulus of the resin composite material sheet of Example 2 is increased to the same extent as the resin composite material sheet of Example 1.
- the chemical bond between vinyl triethoxysilane and polypropylene and vinyl triethoxysilane and oxidation can be adjusted by appropriately adjusting the reaction conditions. It can be seen that chemical bonds with exfoliated graphite can be formed selectively and efficiently.
- Example 5 maleic anhydride-modified polypropylene and 3-glycidoxypropyltriethoxysilane are chemically bonded in the kneading process in the extruder, and the resin composite material sheet is immersed in warm water at 80 ° C. for 24 hours.
- the tensile elastic modulus was increased because 3-glycidoxypropyltriethoxysilane and oxidized exfoliated graphite were chemically bonded.
- p-quinonedioxime or phenylenediamine is chemically bonded to polypropylene or maleic anhydride-modified polypropylene and oxidized exfoliated graphite in the extruder, thereby greatly increasing the tensile modulus. It is thought that it has been raised.
- Example 8 since the 1,9-nonanediol dimethacrylate is chemically bonded to polypropylene and oxidized exfoliated graphite in the kneading process in the extruder, it is considered that the tensile elastic modulus is greatly increased.
- Comparative Example 9 a resin composite material sheet kneaded from the extruder in Example 1 was obtained.
- this resin composite material sheet 3-glycidoxypropyltriethoxysilane was chemically converted to oxidized exfoliated graphite. It is considered that the tensile elastic modulus is lower than that of Example 5 because the process of bonding is not performed.
- the tensile elastic modulus is increased. This is presumably because maleic anhydride-modified polypropylene and 3-glycidoxypropyltriethoxysilane form a chemical bond during the kneading process.
- the tensile elastic modulus of the resin composite material sheets produced in Examples 9 to 14 is greatly increased as compared with the resin composite material sheets produced in Comparative Examples 10 to 15.
- the tensile modulus at 80 ° C. is greatly increased. This is considered to be due to the fact that in Examples 9 to 14, each thermoplastic resin and the carbon material were bonded via a silane compound.
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Abstract
Description
本発明の目的は、機械的強度に優れ、かつ容易に製造し得る樹脂複合材料及び該樹脂複合材料の製造方法を提供することにある。
また、本発明に係る樹脂複合材料の製造方法では、機械的強度の高い本発明の樹脂複合材料を提供することができる。
本発明に係る樹脂複合材料は、反応性多官能化合物が熱可塑性樹脂及びグラフェン構造を有する炭素材料の双方に化学結合することにより得られたものである。従来の熱可塑性樹脂及び炭素材料を単に混練してなる樹脂複合材料では、充分な機械的強度が発現しなかったのに対し、本発明では、反応性多官能化合物が熱可塑性樹脂及びグラフェン構造を有する炭素材料の双方に化学結合しているため、機械的強度を効果的に高めることができる。
本発明において用いられる反応性多官能化合物としては、反応性官能基を複数有し、熱可塑性樹脂及びグラフェン構造を有する炭素材料の双方に化学結合し得る様々な反応性多官能化合物を用いることができる。このような反応性多官能化合物の例としては、以下のa)~c)を挙げることができる。
b)下記の式(1)の構造を有する化合物Aまたは複数の式(1)の構造を有する化合物同士が化学結合している化合物B。
c)ジオキシム化合物、ビスマレイミド化合物及びキノン化合物から選択された少なくとも1種の反応性多官能化合物c。
本発明の樹脂複合材料に用いられる熱可塑性樹脂は特に限定されない。このような熱可塑性樹脂としては、例えば、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、エチレン酢酸ビニル共重合体、アクリロニトリルスチレン共重合体、アクリロニトリルブタジエンスチレン共重合体、ポリ塩化ビニル、アクリル樹脂、メタクリル樹脂、ポリスチレン、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン、ポリクロロトリフロオロエチレン、ポリビニリデンフルオライド、エチレンビニルアルコール共重合体、塩化ビニリデン樹脂、塩素化ポリエチレン、ポリジシクロペンタジエン、メチルペンテン樹脂、ポリブチレン、ポリフェニレンエーテル、ポリアミド、ポリフェニレンエーテル、ポリフェニレンスルフィド、ポリエーテルエーテルケトン、ポリアリルエーテルケトン、ポリアミドイミド、ポリイミド、ポリエーテルイミド、ポリスルホン、ポリエーテルスルホン、ノルボルネン系樹脂、ポリビニルアルコール、ウレタン樹脂、ポリビニルピロリドン、ポリエトキシエチルメタクリレート、ポリホルムアルデヒド、セルロースジアセテート、ポリビニルブチラール、ポリカーボネート、ポリエステル等が挙げられる。これら熱可塑性樹脂は単独で用いてもよく、あるいは複数種を組み合わせて用いてもよい。好ましくは、上記熱可塑性樹脂としては、安価であり、加熱下の成形が容易であるポリオレフィンを用いることが望ましい。
本発明においては、樹脂複合材料に補強効果を与えるため、あるいは場合によっては導電性を与えるために、グラフェン構造を有する炭素材料が用いられている。グラフェン構造を有する炭素材料としては、グラフェン、酸化グラフェン、カーボンナノチューブ、薄片化黒鉛及び酸化薄片化黒鉛からなる群から選択された少なくとも1種を用いることができる。
なお、薄片化黒鉛とは、通常の黒鉛を剥離することにより得られ、グラフェン積層数が数層~200層程度のものをいう。
本発明に係る樹脂複合材料においては、本発明の目的を阻害しない範囲で、様々な添加剤を用いてもよい。このような添加剤としては、フェノール系、リン系、アミン系もしくはイオウ系等の酸化防止剤;金属害防止剤;ヘキサブロモビフェニルエーテルもしくはデカブロモジフェニルエーテル等のハロゲン化難燃剤;ポリリン酸アンモニウムもしくはトリメチルフォスフェート等の難燃剤;各種充填剤;帯電防止剤;安定剤;顔料等を挙げることができる。
本発明に係る製造方法は、本発明の樹脂複合材料を得る方法である。本発明に係る樹脂複合材料の製造方法は、反応性多官能化合物を熱可塑性樹脂と化学結合させる第1の工程と、反応性多官能化合物とグラフェン構造を有する炭素材料とを化学結合させる第2の工程とを備える。
次に、上記反応性多官能化合物a)~c)を用いた場合の化学結合の形成方法の具体例につき説明する。
より具体的には、以下の第1及び第2の方法を挙げることができる。
上記押出機の先端に、例えばTダイを連結することにより、シート状の樹脂複合材料を得ることができる。
上記反応性多官能化合物として、式(1)の構造を有する化合物Aまたは前述した化合物Bを用いる場合の好ましい実施態様を説明する。上記反応性多官能化合物として式(1)の構造を有する化合物Aまたは複数の式(1)の構造を有する化合物A同士が化学結合し化合物Bを用いた実施態様を説明する。
また、上記熱可塑性樹脂を得るためのモノマーの重合時に、上記反応性多官能化合物を、上記モノマーと共存させておいてもよい。
以下、本発明の具体的な実施例を挙げることにより、本発明を明らかにする。なお、本発明は以下の実施例に限定されるものではない。
本発明の実施例及び比較例において使用する酸化薄片化黒鉛を、以下の方法により製造した。
上記C/O比:2である酸化薄片化黒鉛の一部を空気中において200℃で2時間加熱して、元素分析で得られるC/O比:8の酸化薄片化黒鉛を製造した。
上記の方法で製造した酸化薄片化黒鉛(元素分析で得られるC/O比:8)を、水/エタノール(50/50)混合溶液中に、超音波を用いて分散し、酸化薄片化黒鉛の濃度が1mg/mlの混合物とした。次に、上記混合物に酢酸を加えて、上記混合物のpHを5に調整した。続いて、上記混合物中におけるビニルトリエトキシシランの重量%が0.5重量%になるように、上記ビニルトリエトキシシランを加えた。次に、上記混合物を超音波で1時間処理した。次に、室温にてエタノールを蒸発させた後、上記混合物を120℃で2時間加熱した。その後、得られた反応混合物をアセトン中で超音波処理して、濾過により液体を除去して、ビニルトリエトキシシランが結合されている表面修飾済み酸化薄片化黒鉛を得た。
ポリプロピレン(プライムポリマー社製 商品名「J-721GR」、引張弾性率:1.2GPa、線膨張係数:11×10-5/K)100重量部と、上記の方法で製造した酸化薄片化黒鉛(元素分析で得られるC/O比:8)5重量部と、ビニルトリエトキシシラン10重量部とを、ラボプラストミル(東洋精機社製 商品名「R-100」)にて180℃で溶融混練し、プレス加工によりシート状に成形して、厚み0.5mmの樹脂組成物シートを得た。
続いて、上記樹脂組成物シートに電子線を照射することによって、上記ポリプロピレンと上記ビニルトリエトキシシランを化学結合させた。
無水マレイン酸変性ポリプロピレン(三井化学社製 商品名「アドマーQE800」、引張弾性率:1.5GPa、線膨張係数:10×10-5/K)100重量部と、上記の方法で製造した酸化薄片化黒鉛(元素分析で得られるC/O比:8)5重量部と、3-アミノプロピルトリエトキシシラン10重量部とを、ラボプラストミル(東洋精機社製 商品名「R-100」)にて180℃で溶融混練し、プレス加工によりシート状に成形して、厚み0.5mmの樹脂組成物シートを得た。
酸化薄片化黒鉛の代わりにカーボンナノチューブ(CNT社製 商品名「CTUBE-100」)を用いたこと以外は実施例2と同様にして、樹脂複合材料シートを得た。
セルフワイピング型の2条スクリューエレメントとニーディングディスクエレメントから構成されるスクリュー(直径39mm、L/D=35)及び10分割のシリンダーバレルを備えた噛み合い型同方向回転2軸スクリュー押出機(型式「BT40」、プラスチック工学研究所製)を用意した。この押出機の先端に、幅150mm、厚さ1mmの吐出口を有するTダイを連結した。
MODEL186-346」、中央理科社製)を用いて、500g/時間の供給速度で圧入ノズルにより第5バレルから押出機に供給した。この間、スクリュー回転数40rpmで押出機を運転し、Tダイの吐出口より樹脂複合材料を吐出して、樹脂複合材料シートを得た。
実施例5と同じ噛み合い型同方向回転2軸スクリュー押出機の先端に実施例5と同じTダイを連結した。
第1~第10のシリンダーバレルの温度設定は、押出機の上流側から下流側に向かって、第1バレル~第5バレルを180℃、第6バレル~第8バレルを220℃、第9バレル~第10バレル及びコートハンガーダイを200℃に設定した。
実施例6のポリプロピレンの代わりに無水マレイン酸変性ポリプロピレン(三井化学社製 商品名「アドマーQE800」、引張弾性率:1.5GPa、線膨張係数:10×10-5/K)を用い、またp-キノンジオキシムの代わりにフェニレンジアミンを用い、投入量を200g/時間としたこと以外は実施例6と同様にして樹脂複合材料シートを得た。
実施例5で用いた噛み合い型同方向回転2軸スクリュー押出機の先端に実施例5と同様にTダイを連結した。
第1~第10のシリンダーバレルの温度設定は、押出機の上流側から下流側に向かって第1バレル~第10バレルとし、第1バレル~第5バレルを180℃、第6バレル~第8バレルを220℃、第9バレル~第10バレル及びコートハンガーダイを200℃に設定した。
ポリエチレン(プライムポリマー社製 商品名「1300J」、引張弾性率:1.3GPa、線膨張係数:11×10-5/K)100重量部と、上記の方法で製造した酸化薄片化黒鉛(元素分析で得られるC/O比:8)5重量部と、ビニルトリエトキシシラン10重量部とを、ラボプラストミル(東洋精機社製 商品名「R-100」)にて180℃で溶融混練し、プレス加工によりシート状に成形して、厚み0.5mmの樹脂組成物シートを得た。 続いて、上記樹脂組成物シートに電子線を照射することによって、上記ポリプロピレンと上記ビニルトリエトキシシランを化学結合させた。
ポリカーボネート(三菱エンジニアリングプラスチックス社製 商品名「H-4000」、引張弾性率:2.4GPa、線膨張係数:6.5×10-5/K)100重量部と、上記の方法で製造した酸化薄片化黒鉛(元素分析で得られるC/O比:8)5重量部と、3-アミノプロピルトリエトキシシラン10重量部とを、ラボプラストミル(東洋精機社製 商品名「R-100」)にて270℃で溶融混練し、プレス加工によりシート状に成形して、厚み0.5mmの樹脂組成物シートを得た。
ポリエステル(三菱エンジニアリングプラスチックス社製 商品名「5010R3-2」、引張弾性率:2.4GPa、線膨張係数:10×10-5/K)100重量部と、上記の方法で製造した酸化薄片化黒鉛(元素分析で得られるC/O比:8)5重量部と、3-アミノプロピルトリエトキシシラン10重量部とを、ラボプラストミル(東洋精機社製 商品名「R-100」)にて240℃で溶融混練し、プレス加工によりシート状に成形して、厚み0.5mmの樹脂組成物シートを得た。
ポリアミド(旭化成製 商品名「1300S」、曲げ弾性率:2.7GPa、線膨張係数:8×10-5/K)100重量部と、上記の方法で製造した酸化薄片化黒鉛(元素分析で得られるC/O比:8)5重量部と、3-イソシアネートプロピルトリエトキシシラン10重量部とを、ラボプラストミル(東洋精機社製 商品名「R-100」)にて270℃で溶融混練し、プレス加工によりシート状に成形して、厚み0.5mmの樹脂組成物シートを得た。
ポリスチレン(DIC社製 商品名「CR-3500」、曲げ弾性率:3.3GPa)100重量部と、上記の方法で製造した酸化薄片化黒鉛(元素分析で得られるC/O比:8)5重量部と、ビニルトリエトキシシラン10重量部とを、ラボプラストミル(東洋精機社製 商品名「R-100」)にて220℃で溶融混練し、プレス加工によりシート状に成形して、厚み0.5mmの樹脂組成物シートを得た。 続いて、上記樹脂組成物シートに電子線を照射することによって、上記ポリスチレンと上記ビニルトリエトキシシランを化学結合させた。
ポリメチルメタクリレート(三菱レイヨン社製 商品名「VH000」、引張弾性率:3.3GPa、線膨張係数:6×10-5/K)100重量部と、上記の方法で製造した酸化薄片化黒鉛(元素分析で得られるC/O比:8)5重量部と、3-アミノプロピルトリエトキシシラン10重量部とを、ラボプラストミル(東洋精機社製 商品名「R-100」)にて240℃で溶融混練し、プレス加工によりシート状に成形して、厚み0.5mmの樹脂組成物シートを得た。
実施例1において、ビニルトリエトキシシランを添加しなかったことを除いては、実施例1と同様にして樹脂複合材料を得た。
電子線を照射しなかったこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、樹脂複合材料シートを得た。
80℃の温水中に24時間浸漬しなかったこと以外は実施例2と同様にして、樹脂複合材料シートを得た。
ビニルトリエトキシシランの代わりにトリメチロールプロパントリメタクリレートを用いたこと以外は実施例2と同様にして、樹脂複合材料シートを得た。
実施例5において、3-グリシドキシプロピルトリエトキシシランを加えなかったこと以外は実施例5と同様にして樹脂複合材料シートを得た。
実施例6において、p-キノンジオキシムを加えなかったこと以外は実施例6と同様にして樹脂複合材料シートを得た。
実施例7において、フェニレンジアミンを加えなかったこと以外は実施例7と同様にして樹脂複合材料シートを得た。
実施例8において、1,9-ノナンジオールジメタクリレートを加えなかったこと以外は実施例8と同様にして樹脂複合材料シートを得た。
実施例9において、ビニルトリエトキシシランを添加しなかったことを除いては、実施例9と同様にして樹脂複合材料を得た。
実施例10において、3-アミノプロピルトリエトキシシランを添加しなかったことを除いては、実施例10と同様にして樹脂複合材料を得た。
実施例11において、3-アミノプロピルトリエトキシシランを添加しなかったことを除いては、実施例11と同様にして樹脂複合材料を得た。
実施例12において、3-イソシアネートプロピルトリエトキシシランを添加しなかったことを除いては、実施例12と同様にして樹脂複合材料を得た。
実施例13において、ビニルトリエトキシシランを添加しなかったことを除いては、実施例13と同様にして樹脂複合材料を得た。
実施例14において、3-アミノプロピルトリエトキシシランを添加しなかったことを除いては、実施例14と同様にして樹脂複合材料を得た。
実施例1~14及び比較例1~15により得られた樹脂複合材料シートから縦70mm×横6.0mmの平面長方形状の試験片を切り出した。上記試験片の23℃及び80℃における引張弾性率をJIS K7161に準拠して測定し、その結果を表1に示した。
また、実施例9~14により製造された樹脂複合材料シートにおいても、比較例10~15により製造された樹脂複合材料シートと比較して、引張弾性率が大きく高められていることがわかる。特に、80℃における引張弾性率が大きく高められていることがわかる。これは、実施例9~14においては、各熱可塑性樹脂と上記炭素材料とが、シラン化合物を介して結合したことによると考えられる。
Claims (16)
- 反応性多官能化合物が熱可塑性樹脂及びグラフェン構造を有する炭素材料の双方に化学結合することにより得られた樹脂複合材料。
- 前記反応性多官能化合物が、反応性官能基を有し、該反応性官能基が、カルボキシル基、カルボニル基、スルホン酸基、ヒドロキシ基、イソシアネート基、シリル基、シロキシ基、アルコキシ基、ビニル基、塩素、アリール基、アミノ基、エーテル基、エステル基、アミド基、チオール基、(メタ)アクリル基及びエポキシ基からなる群から選択された官能基である、請求項1に記載の樹脂複合材料。
- 前記反応性多官能化合物が下記の式(1)の構造を有する化合物または複数の式(1)の構造を有する化合物同士が化学結合している化合物である、請求項1に記載の樹脂複合材料。
- 前記式(1)の構造を有する化合物または複数の式(1)の構造を有する化合物同士が化学結合している化合物が、前記式(1)の構造を有する化合物である、請求項3に記載の樹脂複合材料。
- 前記式(1)の構造を有する化合物または複数の式(1)の構造を有する化合物同士が化学結合している化合物が、前記複数の式(1)の構造を有する化合物同士が結合している化合物Bであって、
前記化合物Bにおいて、少なくとも1つの式(1)の構造を有する化合物に由来する部分が前記熱可塑性樹脂と化学結合しており、
残りの式(1)の構造を有する化合物に由来している部分のうち少なくとも1つが前記グラフェン構造を有する炭素材料と化学結合している、請求項3に記載の樹脂複合材料。 - 前記反応性多官能化合物が、ジオキシム化合物、ビスマレイミド化合物及びキノン化合物からなる群から選択された1種の反応性多官能化合物である、請求項1に記載の樹脂複合材料。
- 前記グラフェン構造を有する炭素材料が、グラフェン、酸化グラフェン、カーボンナノチューブ、薄片化黒鉛及び酸化薄片化黒鉛からなる群から選択された少なくとも1種の炭素材料である、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の樹脂複合材料。
- 前記グラフェン構造を有する炭素材料が酸化薄片化黒鉛であり、前記酸化薄片化黒鉛の元素分析により得られるC/O比が2~20の範囲にある、請求項7に記載の樹脂複合材料。
- 前記熱可塑性樹脂がポリオレフィンである、請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の樹脂複合材料。
- 請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載の樹脂複合材料の製造方法であって、
前記反応性多官能化合物と、前記熱可塑性樹脂とを化学結合させる第1の工程と、
前記反応性多官能化合物と、前記グラフェン構造を有する炭素材料とを化学結合させる第2の工程とを備える、樹脂複合材料の製造方法。 - 前記第1の工程及び第2の工程のうち少なくとも一方が、押出機を用いて混練する過程において行われる、請求項10に記載の樹脂複合材料の製造方法。
- 押出機に熱可塑性樹脂、反応性多官能化合物及び前記グラフェン構造を有する炭素材料を供給し、混練する過程において、前記第1及び第2の工程が行われる、請求項11に記載の樹脂複合材料の製造方法。
- 前記押出機中の混練過程において、第2の工程が行われ、前記押出機から押出された後に、前記第1の工程が行われる、請求項11に記載の樹脂複合材料の製造方法。
- 請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載の樹脂複合材料の製造方法であって、押出機に熱可塑性樹脂、前記反応性多官能化合物及び前記グラフェン構造を有する炭素材料を供給し混練し、前記反応性多官能化合物を、前記熱可塑性樹脂及び前記グラフェン構造を有する炭素材料のうち一方と化学結合させる工程と、
前記熱可塑性樹脂及び前記グラフェン構造を有する炭素材料のうち他方を前記反応性多官能化合物と化学結合させる工程とを備える、樹脂複合材料の製造方法。 - 前記熱可塑性樹脂及び前記グラフェン構造を有する炭素材料の他方を前記反応性多官能化合物と化学結合させる工程が、前記押出機内における混練工程で行なわれ、該押出機内の混練過程で、前記反応性多官能化合物と前記熱可塑性樹脂及び前記グラフェン構造を有する炭素材料の双方とを化学結合させる、請求項10に記載の樹脂複合材料の製造方法。
- 前記熱可塑性樹脂及び前記グラフェン構造を有する炭素材料の他方を前記反応性多官能化合物に化学結合させる工程が、前記押出機において前記反応性多官能化合物を前記熱可塑性樹脂及び前記グラフェン構造を有する炭素材料の一方と化学結合させ押出機から押出した後に行なわれる、請求項10に記載の樹脂複合材料の製造方法。
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JP2015157748A (ja) * | 2014-01-27 | 2015-09-03 | 積水化学工業株式会社 | 薄片化黒鉛、薄片化黒鉛誘導体、薄片化黒鉛−樹脂複合材料及びそれらの製造方法 |
KR20160003719A (ko) * | 2013-04-18 | 2016-01-11 | 럿거스, 더 스테이트 유니버시티 오브 뉴저지 | 그래핀으로 강화된 고분자 매트릭스 복합체를 제조하기 위한 원 위치 박리방법 |
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US11098175B2 (en) | 2012-10-19 | 2021-08-24 | Rutgers, The State University Of New Jersey | In situ exfoliation method to fabricate a graphene-reinforced polymer matrix composite |
US11225558B2 (en) | 2014-07-30 | 2022-01-18 | Rutgers, The State University Of New Jersey | Graphene-reinforced polymer matrix composites |
US11479652B2 (en) | 2012-10-19 | 2022-10-25 | Rutgers, The State University Of New Jersey | Covalent conjugates of graphene nanoparticles and polymer chains and composite materials formed therefrom |
US11479653B2 (en) | 2018-01-16 | 2022-10-25 | Rutgers, The State University Of New Jersey | Use of graphene-polymer composites to improve barrier resistance of polymers to liquid and gas permeants |
US11702518B2 (en) | 2016-07-22 | 2023-07-18 | Rutgers, The State University Of New Jersey | In situ bonding of carbon fibers and nanotubes to polymer matrices |
US11760640B2 (en) | 2018-10-15 | 2023-09-19 | Rutgers, The State University Of New Jersey | Nano-graphitic sponges and methods for fabricating the same |
US11807757B2 (en) | 2019-05-07 | 2023-11-07 | Rutgers, The State University Of New Jersey | Economical multi-scale reinforced composites |
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CN107530732B (zh) * | 2015-01-14 | 2021-02-05 | 日东电工株式会社 | 氧化石墨烯阻挡膜 |
JP2017022095A (ja) | 2015-07-13 | 2017-01-26 | 国立大学法人名古屋大学 | 導電膜及びその製造方法 |
TWI637016B (zh) * | 2017-05-15 | 2018-10-01 | 勝一化工股份有限公司 | 樹脂組成物 |
CN115044121A (zh) * | 2022-07-12 | 2022-09-13 | 甘肃先锋管道制造有限公司 | 高架桥梁泄水管制造方法 |
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US11098175B2 (en) | 2012-10-19 | 2021-08-24 | Rutgers, The State University Of New Jersey | In situ exfoliation method to fabricate a graphene-reinforced polymer matrix composite |
US11479652B2 (en) | 2012-10-19 | 2022-10-25 | Rutgers, The State University Of New Jersey | Covalent conjugates of graphene nanoparticles and polymer chains and composite materials formed therefrom |
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KR102292918B1 (ko) | 2013-04-18 | 2021-08-24 | 럿거스, 더 스테이트 유니버시티 오브 뉴저지 | 그래핀으로 강화된 고분자 매트릭스 복합체를 제조하기 위한 원 위치 박리방법 |
JP2019002021A (ja) * | 2013-04-18 | 2019-01-10 | ラトガース,ザ ステート ユニバーシティ オブ ニュー ジャージー | グラフェン強化ポリマーマトリクス複合体を製造するためのin situでの剥離方法 |
JP2016519191A (ja) * | 2013-04-18 | 2016-06-30 | ラトガース,ザ ステート ユニバーシティ オブ ニュー ジャージー | グラフェン強化ポリマーマトリクス複合体を製造するためのinsituでの剥離方法 |
KR20160003719A (ko) * | 2013-04-18 | 2016-01-11 | 럿거스, 더 스테이트 유니버시티 오브 뉴저지 | 그래핀으로 강화된 고분자 매트릭스 복합체를 제조하기 위한 원 위치 박리방법 |
US11174366B2 (en) | 2013-04-18 | 2021-11-16 | Rutgers, The State University Of New Jersey | In situ exfoliation method to fabricate a graphene-reinforced polymer matrix composite |
JP2015157748A (ja) * | 2014-01-27 | 2015-09-03 | 積水化学工業株式会社 | 薄片化黒鉛、薄片化黒鉛誘導体、薄片化黒鉛−樹脂複合材料及びそれらの製造方法 |
US11225558B2 (en) | 2014-07-30 | 2022-01-18 | Rutgers, The State University Of New Jersey | Graphene-reinforced polymer matrix composites |
US11059945B2 (en) | 2016-07-22 | 2021-07-13 | Rutgers, The State University Of New Jersey | In situ bonding of carbon fibers and nanotubes to polymer matrices |
US11702518B2 (en) | 2016-07-22 | 2023-07-18 | Rutgers, The State University Of New Jersey | In situ bonding of carbon fibers and nanotubes to polymer matrices |
US11479653B2 (en) | 2018-01-16 | 2022-10-25 | Rutgers, The State University Of New Jersey | Use of graphene-polymer composites to improve barrier resistance of polymers to liquid and gas permeants |
US11760640B2 (en) | 2018-10-15 | 2023-09-19 | Rutgers, The State University Of New Jersey | Nano-graphitic sponges and methods for fabricating the same |
US11807757B2 (en) | 2019-05-07 | 2023-11-07 | Rutgers, The State University Of New Jersey | Economical multi-scale reinforced composites |
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JP2013213177A (ja) | 2013-10-17 |
KR20140035326A (ko) | 2014-03-21 |
JP5176001B1 (ja) | 2013-04-03 |
EP2692745B1 (en) | 2016-08-17 |
KR101784038B1 (ko) | 2017-10-10 |
EP2692745A4 (en) | 2014-08-20 |
CN103443131B (zh) | 2016-01-20 |
JPWO2012133303A1 (ja) | 2014-07-28 |
CN103443131A (zh) | 2013-12-11 |
US20130310521A1 (en) | 2013-11-21 |
EP2692745A1 (en) | 2014-02-05 |
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