WO2012132178A1 - バッテリシステム、電動車両、移動体、電力貯蔵装置および電源装置 - Google Patents
バッテリシステム、電動車両、移動体、電力貯蔵装置および電源装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012132178A1 WO2012132178A1 PCT/JP2012/000493 JP2012000493W WO2012132178A1 WO 2012132178 A1 WO2012132178 A1 WO 2012132178A1 JP 2012000493 W JP2012000493 W JP 2012000493W WO 2012132178 A1 WO2012132178 A1 WO 2012132178A1
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- signal
- battery
- abnormality
- detection unit
- state detection
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
- B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
- B60L3/0046—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
- B60L58/14—Preventing excessive discharging
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
- B60L58/15—Preventing overcharging
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M10/4257—Smart batteries, e.g. electronic circuits inside the housing of the cells or batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
- H01M10/482—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
- H02J7/0019—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using switched or multiplexed charge circuits
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
- H02J7/005—Detection of state of health [SOH]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4278—Systems for data transfer from batteries, e.g. transfer of battery parameters to a controller, data transferred between battery controller and main controller
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/00302—Overcharge protection
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/00306—Overdischarge protection
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a battery system, and an electric vehicle, a mobile unit, a power storage device, and a power supply device provided with the battery system.
- a battery system used as a drive source of a mobile body such as an electric automobile a plurality of battery modules capable of charging and discharging are provided.
- Each battery module has a configuration in which a plurality of batteries (battery cells) are connected in series, for example.
- the battery system is provided with a detection device that detects an abnormality such as overcharge or overdischarge of a battery cell.
- a plurality of simplified cell overcharge / discharge detection devices are provided corresponding to a plurality of cell groups constituting the assembled battery.
- Each simple cell overcharge / discharge detection device determines whether overcharge or overdischarge has occurred in the battery cell of the corresponding cell group, and transmits the result to the battery controller.
- the structure which can transmit the detection result of the abnormality of a several battery cell outside is desired, without complicating a communication path.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a battery system capable of rapidly transmitting the detection result of an abnormality of a battery cell group to the outside without complicating a communication path, an electric vehicle provided with the same, a mobile, a power storage device, It is providing a power supply device.
- a battery system includes a plurality of battery modules, and each of the plurality of battery modules is provided corresponding to a battery cell group including one or more battery cells and a battery cell group And a state detection unit detecting a state of the corresponding battery cell group, each state detection unit detecting an abnormality of the corresponding battery cell group, and an abnormality signal indicating an abnormality of the corresponding battery cell group And a signal output circuit capable of outputting an abnormal signal generated by the corresponding abnormal signal generation unit, and the state detection units of the plurality of battery modules are most to least significant in signal transmission.
- Signal output circuit of the uppermost state detection unit has an abnormal signal generation corresponding to a case where an abnormality is detected by the corresponding abnormality detection unit.
- Signal output circuit of each state detection unit other than the highest order outputs an abnormality signal generated by an abnormality signal generation unit corresponding to a case where an abnormality is detected by the corresponding abnormality detection unit. It is configured to output and output an abnormality signal output from the upper state detection unit when no abnormality is detected by the corresponding abnormality detection unit.
- the state detection units of the plurality of battery modules have the highest to lowest relationship in signal transmission.
- the signal output circuit of the topmost state detection unit outputs an abnormality signal generated by the corresponding abnormality signal generation unit when an abnormality is detected by the corresponding abnormality detection unit.
- the signal output circuit of each state detection unit other than the highest rank outputs an abnormality signal generated by the corresponding abnormality signal generation unit, and the abnormality is detected by the corresponding abnormality detection unit. Is not detected, the abnormality signal output from the upper state detection unit is output.
- the signal output circuit of each state detection unit is abnormal when an abnormality is detected by the corresponding abnormality detection unit regardless of whether or not the abnormality signal is transmitted from the signal output circuit of the upper level state detection unit. Output a signal. Thereby, the abnormality of the battery cell group can be detected quickly.
- an abnormality signal corresponding to the lowermost abnormality detection unit among the abnormality detection units having detected the abnormality is output from the lowest signal output circuit. Therefore, it is not necessary to transmit the detection results of the abnormality detection units of the plurality of state detection units to the outside through the communication path.
- Each state detection unit detects the parameter indicating the state of one or more battery cells of the corresponding battery cell group, and the communication for transmitting the parameter detected by the parameter detection unit to the outside It may further include a circuit.
- the communication circuit transmits a parameter indicating the state of one or more battery cells of the battery cell group detected by the parameter detection unit to the outside.
- abnormality of the parameter which shows the state of one or more battery cells can be detected.
- the reliability of the battery system is improved.
- Each state detection unit other than the highest level outputs the abnormality signal generated by the corresponding abnormality signal generation unit or the upper state detection unit based on whether or not the abnormality is detected by the corresponding abnormality detection unit. Further includes a selection signal generation unit generating a selection signal for selecting any one of the abnormal signals to be selected, and the signal output circuit of each state detection unit other than the highest order is generated by the corresponding selection signal generation unit Based on the selection signal, an abnormality signal generated by the corresponding abnormality signal generation unit or an abnormality signal output from the upper state detection unit may be output.
- the selection signal generation unit of each state detection unit other than the highest order generates a selection signal based on whether or not an abnormality is detected by the corresponding abnormality detection unit.
- the signal output circuit of each state detection unit other than the highest rank detects an abnormality signal generated by the corresponding abnormality signal generation unit or the upper state detection unit based on the selection signal generated by the corresponding selection signal generation unit. Output the abnormal signal output from.
- the signal output circuit of each state detection unit can output an abnormality signal with certainty when an abnormality is detected by the corresponding abnormality detection unit.
- each state detection unit may be configured by an arithmetic processing unit.
- the state detection unit can be miniaturized, and the configuration of the state detection unit can be simplified.
- the abnormal signal generation unit, the selection signal generation unit, and the communication circuit of each state detection unit may be configured by an arithmetic processing unit.
- the state detection unit can be further miniaturized, and the configuration of the state detection unit can be simplified.
- the abnormal signal generating units of the plurality of state detecting units may generate pulse signals having different duty ratios as abnormal signals.
- the abnormality detection unit of each state detection unit operates with power from the corresponding battery cell group, and the abnormality signal generation unit and the signal output circuit of each state detection unit are power supplies different from one or more battery cells It may operate by the power from.
- the abnormal signal generation unit and the signal output circuit can be stably operated independently of the abnormal detection unit.
- An electric vehicle includes a battery system according to one aspect of the present invention, a motor driven by the power of the battery system, and a drive wheel rotated by the rotational force of the motor. .
- the motor In this electrically powered vehicle, the motor is driven by the power from the above battery system.
- the drive wheel is rotated by the rotational force of the motor to move the electric vehicle.
- a mobile according to still another aspect of the present invention is a battery system according to one aspect of the present invention, a mobile main body, and a power source for converting power from the battery system into power for moving the mobile main body. And.
- the power from the above battery system is converted to power by the power source, and the power moves the moving main body.
- a power storage device includes a battery system according to one aspect of the present invention, and a system control unit that performs control relating to discharging or charging of a plurality of battery modules of the battery system. .
- the system control unit performs control regarding charging or discharging of the plurality of battery modules of the battery system described above. Thereby, deterioration, overdischarge and overcharge of a plurality of battery modules can be prevented.
- a power supply apparatus is an externally connectable power supply apparatus, which is controlled by the power storage apparatus according to the still another aspect of the present invention and a system control unit of the power storage apparatus And a power conversion device that performs power conversion between the battery system of the power storage device and the outside.
- power conversion is performed by the power conversion device between the battery system and the outside.
- the power conversion device is controlled by the system control unit of the power storage device to perform control regarding charging or discharging of the plurality of battery modules. Thereby, deterioration, overdischarge and overcharge of a plurality of battery modules can be prevented.
- the present invention it is possible to rapidly transmit the detection result of the abnormality of the battery cell group to the outside without complicating the communication path.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the battery system according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing configurations of a voltage detection unit, an abnormality detection unit, and an equalization circuit.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the signal output circuit.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic plan view showing one configuration example of a printed circuit board.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing waveforms of a normal signal and an abnormal signal output from the arithmetic processing unit of each state detection unit.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing waveforms of selection signals and detection signals in each state detection unit.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the waveforms of the selection signal and the detection signal in each state detection unit when a ground fault occurs.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the battery system according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing configurations of a voltage detection unit, an abnormality detection unit, and an equalization circuit.
- FIG. 3 is a
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the waveforms of the selection signal and the detection signal in each state detection unit when a short-circuit occurs.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing waveforms of a normal signal and an abnormal signal output from the arithmetic processing unit of the state detection unit according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing waveforms of selection signals and detection signals in each state detection unit.
- FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a battery system according to a third embodiment.
- FIG. 12 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the selection signal generator.
- FIG. 13 is an external perspective view showing an example of a battery module.
- FIG. 14 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an electric vehicle provided with a battery system.
- FIG. 15 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the power supply apparatus.
- the battery system according to the present embodiment is mounted on an electric vehicle (for example, an electric vehicle) which uses electric power as a driving source.
- the battery system can also be used for a storage device, a consumer device, or the like provided with a plurality of battery cells capable of charging and discharging.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a battery system according to the first embodiment.
- the battery system 500 includes a plurality of battery modules 100, a battery ECU (Electronic Control Unit: electronic control unit) 510, a contactor 520, and an HV (High Voltage; high voltage) connector 530.
- battery system 500 includes three battery modules 100.
- the three battery modules 100 will be referred to as battery modules 100a, 100b and 100c, respectively.
- Each of the battery modules 100a to 100c includes a battery cell group BL including a plurality of battery cells 10, a state detection unit DT, and an equalization circuit 70.
- the plurality of battery cells 10 of the battery cell group BL are connected in series.
- the battery cell groups BL are arranged adjacent to each other and integrally held as a battery block.
- a plurality of thermistors TH (see FIG. 13 described later) for detecting a temperature are attached to the battery cell group BL.
- Each battery cell 10 is a secondary battery such as a lithium ion battery or a nickel hydrogen battery, for example.
- the battery cell groups BL of the plurality of battery modules 100a to 100c are connected in series through power supply lines. Thus, in battery system 500, all battery cells 10 of the plurality of battery modules 100a to 100c are connected in series.
- State detection unit DT detects the state of corresponding battery cell group BL.
- the state detection unit DT includes a voltage detection unit 20, an abnormality detection unit 30, an arithmetic processing unit 40, a signal output circuit 50, and a communication driver 60.
- the voltage detection unit 20 detects the terminal voltages of the plurality of battery cells 10, and applies a detection signal DA indicating the value of the detected terminal voltage to the arithmetic processing unit 40.
- the abnormality detection unit 30 detects the presence or absence of an abnormality in the plurality of battery cells 10 of the corresponding battery cell group BL, and provides the arithmetic processing unit 40 with a detection signal DB indicating the detection result.
- an allowable voltage range of the terminal voltage is defined.
- abnormality detection unit 30 detects whether or not the terminal voltage of each battery cell 10 is equal to or higher than the upper limit (hereinafter referred to as the upper limit voltage) of the allowable voltage range, and the terminal voltage is the allowable voltage. It is detected whether it is below the lower limit value of the range (hereinafter referred to as the lower limit voltage).
- the abnormality detection unit 30 sets the first duty ratio (for example, 75) when the terminal voltage of at least one battery cell 10 of the corresponding battery cell group BL is equal to or higher than the upper limit voltage or lower than the lower limit voltage (during abnormality detection). %) Is output.
- the abnormality detection unit 30 detects the detection signal DB having the second duty ratio (for example, 25%) when the terminal voltages of all the battery cells 10 of the corresponding battery cell group BL are within the allowable voltage range (during normal detection).
- the arithmetic processing unit 40 comprises, for example, a CPU and a memory or a microcomputer.
- the arithmetic processing unit 40 performs, for example, CAN (Controller Area Network) communication via the communication driver 60.
- CAN Controller Area Network
- the arithmetic processing unit 40 transmits the values of the terminal voltages of the plurality of battery cells 10 to the battery ECU 510 via the communication driver 60 and the bus BS based on the detection signal DA supplied from the voltage detection unit 20.
- the bus BS is configured by an FPC (flexible printed circuit) substrate or a flat cable or the like.
- the arithmetic processing unit 40 transmits the value of the temperature of the battery module 100a given from the thermistor TH of FIG. 13 described later to the battery ECU 510 via the communication driver 60 and the bus BS. Furthermore, the arithmetic processing unit 40 performs various arithmetic processing and determination processing using the values of the terminal voltage and the temperature of the plurality of battery cells 10. Further, the arithmetic processing unit 40 receives various command signals from the battery ECU 510 via the bus BS and the communication driver 60.
- the arithmetic processing unit 40 also generates a normal signal NM1.
- the normal signal NM1 is a pulse signal having a preset duty ratio (%).
- Normal signal NM1 generated by arithmetic processing unit 40 is applied to signal output circuit 50 through signal line P0.
- the NOT circuit N1 outputs the abnormality signal AB1 by inverting the normal signal NM1 generated by the arithmetic processing unit 40.
- the abnormal signal AB1 is a pulse signal having a duty ratio equal to the difference between 100% and the duty ratio (%) of the normal signal NM.
- the arithmetic processing unit 40 Based on the detection signal DB supplied from the abnormality detection unit 30, the arithmetic processing unit 40 generates a selection signal SE1 for selecting one of the normal signal NM1 and the abnormality signal AB1.
- the selection signal SE1 is, for example, "H" level when the detection signal DB is a pulse signal having a first duty ratio (during abnormality detection), and the detection signal DB is a pulse signal having a second duty ratio. In the case (normal detection), for example, it becomes "L" level.
- the signal processing function of generating the normal signal and the abnormal signal, the selection signal generating function of generating the selection signal, and the communication function are realized by the arithmetic processing unit 40.
- the state detection unit DT can be miniaturized, and the configuration of the state detection unit DT can be simplified.
- the signal output circuit 50 selectively outputs one of the normal signal NM1 and the abnormal signal AB1 to the signal line P1 as the detection signal DT1 based on the selection signal SE1 generated by the arithmetic processing unit 40.
- the signal output circuit 50 outputs the normal signal NM1 as the detection signal DT1 when the selection signal SE1 is at the “L” level, and detects the abnormality signal AB1 when the selection signal SE1 is at the “H” level. It outputs as signal DT1.
- the equalization circuit 70 performs equalization processing to equalize the terminal voltages of the plurality of battery cells 10 of the battery cell group BL under the control of the arithmetic processing unit 40.
- the configuration and operation of the battery modules 100b and 100c are the same as the configuration and operation of the battery module 100a except for the following points.
- the arithmetic processing unit 40 of the battery module 100b generates a normal signal NM2 and a selection signal SE2 instead of the normal signal NM1 and the selection signal SE1 of the battery module 100a.
- the NOT circuit N1 of the battery module 100b outputs an abnormality signal AB2 instead of the abnormality signal AB1 of the battery module 100a.
- the arithmetic processing unit 40 of the battery module 100b transmits the value of the temperature of the battery module 100b given from the thermistor TH of FIG. 13 described later to the battery ECU 510 via the communication driver 60 and the bus BS.
- the signal output circuit 50 of the battery module 100b receives the detection signal DT1 output from the signal output circuit 50 of the battery module 100a through the signal line P1 or the NOT circuit N1 based on the selection signal SE2 generated by the arithmetic processing unit 40.
- One of the output abnormal signals AB2 is selectively output to the signal line P2 as a detection signal DT2.
- the signal output circuit 50 of the battery module 100b outputs the detection signal DT1 as the detection signal DT2 when the selection signal SE2 is at the “L” level, and an abnormality when the selection signal SE2 is at the “H” level.
- the signal AB2 is output as a detection signal DT2.
- the arithmetic processing unit 40 of the battery module 100c generates a normal signal NM3 and a selection signal SE3 instead of the normal signal NM1 and the selection signal SE1 of the battery module 100a.
- the NOT circuit N1 of the battery module 100c outputs an abnormality signal AB3 instead of the abnormality signal AB1 of the battery module 100a.
- the arithmetic processing unit 40 of the battery module 100c transmits the value of the temperature of the battery module 100c given from the thermistor TH of FIG. 13 described later to the battery ECU 510 via the communication driver 60 and the bus BS.
- the signal output circuit 50 of the battery module 100c receives the detection signal DT2 output from the signal output circuit 50 of the battery module 100b through the signal line P2 or the NOT circuit N1 based on the selection signal SE3 generated by the arithmetic processing unit 40.
- One of the output abnormal signals AB3 is selectively output to the signal line P3 as the detection signal DT3.
- the signal output circuit 50 of the battery module 100c outputs the detection signal DT2 as the detection signal DT3 when the selection signal SE3 is at the “L” level, and an abnormality when the selection signal SE3 is at the “H” level.
- the signal AB3 is output as a detection signal DT3.
- Detection signal DT3 output from signal output circuit 50 of battery module 100c is applied to battery ECU 510.
- the signal output circuit 50 of the state detection unit DT of the battery modules 100a, 100b, 100c sequentially transmits the detection signals DT1, DT2, DT3. Therefore, regarding signal transmission, the signal output circuit 50 of the state detection unit DT of the battery module 100a is at the top, the signal output circuit 50 of the state detection unit DT of the battery module 100b is medium, and the state detection of the battery module 100c The signal output circuit 50 of the part DT is the lowest.
- the battery ECU 510 calculates the charge amount of each battery cell 10 based on the values of the terminal voltages of the plurality of battery cells 10 given from the arithmetic processing unit 40 of the battery modules 100a to 100c. Further, the battery ECU 510 determines the presence or absence of abnormality of each of the battery modules 100a to 100c based on the values of the terminal voltages of the plurality of battery cells 10 given from the arithmetic processing unit 40 of the battery modules 100a to 100c.
- the abnormality of the battery modules 100a to 100c includes, for example, overdischarge, overcharge or temperature abnormality of the battery cell 10.
- battery ECU 510 detects the presence or absence of abnormality in the terminal voltage of the plurality of battery cells 10 of battery modules 100a-100c based on detection signal DT3 output from signal output circuit 50 of battery module 100c.
- the power supply line connected to the highest potential positive electrode of the battery module 100a and the power supply line connected to the lowest potential negative electrode of the battery module 100c are connected to the contactor 520.
- the contactor 520 is connected to a load such as a motor of the electric vehicle via the HV connector 530.
- the battery ECU 510 turns off the contactor 520 when an abnormality occurs in the battery modules 100a to 100c. As a result, when abnormal, no current flows to the plurality of battery cells 10, so that abnormal heat generation of the battery modules 100a to 100c is prevented.
- Battery ECU 510 is connected to main control unit 300 (see FIG. 14 described later) of the electric-powered vehicle via a bus.
- the charge amount of each of the battery modules 100a to 100c (the charge amount of the battery cell 10) is given from the battery ECU 510 to the main control unit 300.
- Main control unit 300 controls the power of the electric vehicle (for example, the rotational speed of the motor) based on the charge amount.
- the main control unit 300 controls a power generation device (not shown) connected to the power supply line to charge the battery modules 100a to 100c.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing configurations of the voltage detection unit 20, the abnormality detection unit 30, and the equalization circuit 70.
- the voltage detection unit 20 is formed of, for example, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC).
- the voltage detection unit 20 includes a plurality of differential amplifiers 21, a multiplexer 22, an A / D (analog / digital) converter 23, and a communication circuit 24.
- Each differential amplifier 21 has two input terminals and an output terminal. Each differential amplifier 21 differentially amplifies the voltage input to the two input terminals, and outputs the amplified voltage from the output terminal.
- the two input terminals of each differential amplifier 21 are connected to the plus electrode and the minus electrode of the corresponding battery cell 10 by the conductor wire W1, respectively. Thereby, the voltage between the plus electrode and the minus electrode of each battery cell 10 is differentially amplified by each differential amplifier 21.
- the output voltage of each differential amplifier 21 corresponds to the terminal voltage of each battery cell 10.
- the terminal voltages output from the plurality of differential amplifiers 21 are applied to the multiplexer 22.
- the multiplexer 22 sequentially outputs terminal voltages supplied from the plurality of differential amplifiers 21 to the A / D converter 23.
- the A / D converter 23 converts the terminal voltage output from the multiplexer 22 into a digital value.
- the digital value obtained by the A / D converter 23 is given to the arithmetic processing unit 40 (see FIG. 1) through the communication circuit 24 as a detection signal DA indicating the value of the terminal voltage.
- the abnormality detection unit 30 is made of, for example, an ASIC.
- the abnormality detection unit 30 includes a plurality of differential amplifiers 31, a multiplexer 32, a switch circuit 33, reference voltage output units 34 and 35, a comparator 36, a detection signal output circuit 37, and a communication circuit 38.
- Each differential amplifier 31 has two input terminals and an output terminal. Each differential amplifier 31 differentially amplifies the voltage input to the two input terminals, and outputs the amplified voltage from the output terminal.
- the two input terminals of each differential amplifier 31 are connected to the plus electrode and the minus electrode of the corresponding battery cell 10 by the conductor wire W1, respectively. Thereby, the voltage between the plus electrode and the minus electrode of each battery cell 10 is differentially amplified by each differential amplifier 31.
- the output voltage of each differential amplifier 31 corresponds to the terminal voltage of each battery cell 10.
- the terminal voltages output from the plurality of differential amplifiers 31 are applied to the multiplexer 32.
- the multiplexer 32 sequentially outputs terminal voltages supplied from the plurality of differential amplifiers 31 to the comparator 36.
- the switch circuit 33 has terminals CP0, CP1, and CP2.
- the reference voltage output unit 34 outputs the upper limit voltage Vth_O to the terminal CP1 of the switch circuit 33.
- the reference voltage output unit 35 outputs the lower limit voltage Vth_U to the output terminal CP2.
- the upper limit voltage Vth_O is set to, for example, 4.2 V (4.19 V or more and 4.21 V or less)
- the lower limit voltage Vth_U is set to, for example, about 2.0 V (1.99 V or more to 2.01 V or less).
- the comparator 36 has two input terminals and an output terminal. One input terminal of the comparator 36 is connected to the multiplexer 32. The other input terminal of the comparator 36 is connected to the terminal CP0 of the switch circuit 33. The switch circuit 33 switches so that the terminal CP0 is alternately connected to the plurality of terminals CP1 and CP2 in a fixed cycle. Thus, the terminal voltage output from the multiplexer 32 is applied to one input terminal of the comparator 36, and the upper limit voltage Vth_O and the lower limit voltage Vth_U are alternately applied to the other input terminal of the comparator 36.
- the comparator 36 sequentially compares the terminal voltage of the battery cell 10 supplied from the multiplexer 32 with the upper limit voltage Vth_O and the lower limit voltage Vth_U, and outputs a signal indicating the comparison result to the detection signal output circuit 37.
- the detection signal output circuit 37 determines whether or not the terminal voltage of at least one of the plurality of battery cells 10 is the upper limit voltage Vth_O or more based on the output signal of the comparator 36, and at least one of the plurality of battery cells 10. It is determined whether or not one of the terminal voltages is equal to or less than the lower limit voltage Vth_U.
- the detection signal output circuit 37 detects the detection signal DB having a first duty ratio (for example, 75%). Through the communication circuit 38 to the arithmetic processing unit 40 (see FIG. 1). If the terminal voltages of all the battery cells 10 are less than the upper limit voltage Vth_O and exceed the lower limit voltage Vth_U, the detection signal output circuit 37 detects the detection signal DB having a second duty ratio (for example, 25%). The data is supplied to the arithmetic processing unit 40 via the communication circuit 38.
- Equalization circuit 70 includes a plurality of sets of series circuits each including resistor R and switching element SW. Between the plus electrode and the minus electrode of each battery cell 10, a pair of series circuits including a resistor R and a switching element SW is connected. The on / off of the switching element SW is controlled by the battery ECU 510 via the arithmetic processing unit 40 of FIG. In the normal state, the switching element SW is off.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a configuration of the signal output circuit 50. As shown in FIG. FIG. 3 shows the configuration of the signal output circuit 50 of the battery module 100a.
- the signal output circuit 50 includes a NOT circuit N2, two AND circuits A1 and A2, and an OR circuit O1.
- the normal signal NM1 is applied to one input terminal of the AND circuit A1.
- the selection signal SE1 is applied to the other input terminal of the AND circuit A1 via the NOT circuit N2.
- the selection signal SE1 is also applied to one input terminal of the AND circuit A2.
- the abnormality signal AB1 is applied to the other input terminal of the AND circuit A2.
- the output signal of the AND circuit A1 is applied to one input terminal of the OR circuit O1, and the output signal of the AND circuit A2 is applied to the other input terminal of the OR circuit O1.
- a detection signal DT1 is output from the OR circuit O1.
- the OR circuit O1 When the selection signal SE1 indicates normal (in the case of "L” level), the OR circuit O1 outputs the normal signal NM1 as the detection signal DT1. When the selection signal SE1 indicates an abnormality (in the case of "H” level), the abnormality signal AB1 is output from the OR circuit O1 as the detection signal DT1.
- the configuration and operation of signal output circuit 50 of battery modules 100b and 100c receive detection signals DT1 and DT2, abnormality signals AB2 and AB3 and selection signals SE2 and SE3 instead of normal signal NM1, abnormality signal AB1 and selection signal SE1.
- the configuration is the same as that of the signal output circuit 50 of FIG. 3 except that the detection signals DT2 and DT3 are output instead of the detection signal DT1.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic plan view showing a configuration example of a printed circuit board.
- the printed circuit board 110 also has a first mounting area MT1, a second mounting area MT2, and a strip-shaped insulating area INS.
- the second mounting area MT2 is formed at one corner of the printed circuit board 110.
- the insulating region INS is formed to extend along the second mounting region MT2.
- the first mounting area MT1 is formed in the remaining part of the printed circuit board 110.
- the first mounting area MT1 and the second mounting area MT2 are separated from each other by the insulating area INS. Thereby, the first mounting area MT1 and the second mounting area MT2 are electrically isolated by the insulating area INS.
- the voltage detection unit 20, the abnormality detection unit 30, and the equalization circuit 70 are mounted in the first mounting area MT1.
- a plurality of battery cells 10 of the battery cell group BL are connected to the voltage detection unit 20, the abnormality detection unit 30, and the equalization circuit 70 as power supplies of the voltage detection unit 20, the abnormality detection unit 30, and the equalization circuit 70.
- a ground pattern GND1 is formed in the first mounting area MT1 excluding the mounting area of the voltage detection unit 20, the abnormality detection unit 30, and the equalization circuit 70 and the formation area of the connection line.
- the ground pattern GND1 is held at the reference potential (ground potential) of the plurality of battery cells 10 of the battery cell group BL.
- an arithmetic processing unit 40 In the second mounting area MT2, an arithmetic processing unit 40, a signal output circuit 50, a communication driver 60, a NOT circuit N1 and connectors CNa to CNd are mounted.
- a non-driving battery BAT of the electrically powered vehicle is connected to the arithmetic processing unit 40, the signal output circuit 50 and the communication driver 60 as a power supply of the arithmetic processing unit 40, the signal output circuit 50 and the communication driver 60.
- a ground pattern GND2 is formed in the second mounting area MT2 excluding the mounting areas of the arithmetic processing unit 40, the signal output circuit 50, the communication driver 60, the connectors CNa to CNd, and the formation areas of a plurality of connection lines.
- the ground pattern GND2 is held at the reference potential (ground potential) of the non-motor battery BAT.
- the arithmetic processing unit 40, the signal output circuit 50, and the communication driver 60 can be stably operated independently of the voltage detection unit 20, the abnormality detection unit 30, and the equalization circuit 70.
- Insulating elements DIa and DIb are mounted so as to straddle the insulating region INS.
- the insulation element DIa transmits a signal between the voltage detection unit 20 and the arithmetic processing unit 40 while electrically insulating the voltage detection unit 20 and the arithmetic processing unit 40 from each other.
- the insulating element DIb transmits a signal between the abnormality detection unit 30 and the arithmetic processing unit 40 while electrically insulating the abnormality detection unit 30 and the arithmetic processing unit 40 from each other.
- a digital isolator or a photocoupler can be used as the isolation elements DIa and DIb.
- digital isolators are used as the isolation elements DIa and DIb.
- the arithmetic processing unit 40 and the connector CNa are connected via the communication driver 60. Thereby, the values of the terminal voltages of the plurality of battery cells 10 and the values of the temperatures of the battery modules 100a to 100c output from the arithmetic processing unit 40 are given to the connector CNa via the communication driver 60.
- the bus BS of FIG. 1 is connected to the connector CNa.
- the connector CNb is connected to the output terminal of the OR circuit O1 of the signal output circuit 50 of FIG.
- the signal lines P1, P2, and P3 in FIG. 1 are connected to the connectors CNb of the battery modules 100a, 100b, and 100c, respectively.
- the connector CNc is connected to one input terminal of the AND circuit A2 of the signal output circuit 50 of FIG.
- a connector CNd is connected to the connector CNc of the battery module 100a via the signal line P0 of FIG.
- the signal lines P1 and P2 of FIG. 1 are connected to the connectors CNc of the battery modules 100b and 100c, respectively.
- the normal signal NM1 is given to the connector CNd from the arithmetic processing unit 40 of FIG.
- the connector CNd may not be provided on the printed circuit board 110 of the battery modules 100b and 100c.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing waveforms of normal signals NM1 to NM3 and abnormal signals AB1 to AB3 output from the arithmetic processing unit 40 of the state detection units DTa to DTc.
- the normal signal NM1 generated by the arithmetic processing unit 40 of the state detection unit DTa has a duty ratio T0.
- the abnormality signal AB1 generated by the arithmetic processing unit 40 of the state detection unit DTa has a duty ratio T1.
- T0 ⁇ T1 and T0 [%] 100 ⁇ T1. That is, duty ratios T0 and T1 are different from each other.
- the normal signal NM2 generated by the arithmetic processing unit 40 of the state detection unit DTb also has a duty ratio T0.
- the abnormality signal AB2 generated by the arithmetic processing unit 40 of the state detection unit DTb also has a duty ratio T1.
- the normal signal NM3 generated by the arithmetic processing unit 40 of the state detection unit DTc also has the duty ratio T0.
- the abnormality signal AB3 generated by the arithmetic processing unit 40 of the state detection unit DTc also has a duty ratio T1.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing waveforms of selection signals SE1 to SE3 and detection signals DT1 to DT3 in each of the state detection units DTa to DTc.
- FIG. 6A shows selection signals SE1 to SE3 and detection signals DT1 to DT3 when the terminal voltages of the plurality of battery cells 10 of the battery modules 100a to 100c are within the allowable voltage range.
- the selection signal SE1 maintains the “L” level in the uppermost state detection unit DTa. Therefore, the uppermost signal output circuit 50 outputs the normal signal NM1 as the detection signal DT1.
- the selection signal SE2 maintains the “L” level. Therefore, the middle order signal output circuit 50 outputs the detection signal DT1 (normal signal NM1) from the highest order signal output circuit 50 as the detection signal DT2.
- the selection signal SE3 maintains the "L” level. Therefore, the lowermost signal output circuit 50 outputs the detection signal DT2 (normal signal NM1) from the middle order signal output circuit 50 as the detection signal DT3.
- normal signal NM1 is sequentially transmitted from signal output circuit 50 at the top to signal output circuit 50 at the middle and signal output circuit 50 at the bottom, and is applied to battery ECU 510.
- battery ECU 510 can rapidly detect that the terminal voltages of the plurality of battery cells 10 of each of the battery modules 100a to 100c are normal.
- FIG. 6B shows the selection signals SE1 to SE3 and the detection signals DT1 to DT3 when the terminal voltage of the battery cell 10 of the battery module 100a is out of the allowable voltage range at time t1.
- the selection signal SE1 rises from the “L” level to the “H” level at time t1. Therefore, the uppermost signal output circuit 50 outputs the abnormal signal AB1 as the detection signal DT1 at time t1.
- the selection signal SE2 maintains the “L” level. Therefore, the middle order signal output circuit 50 outputs the detection signal DT1 (abnormal signal AB1) from the top signal output circuit 50 as the detection signal DT2 at time t1.
- the selection signal SE3 maintains the "L" level. Therefore, the lowest signal output circuit 50 outputs the detection signal DT2 (abnormal signal AB1) from the middle-order signal output circuit 50 at time t1 as the detection signal DT3.
- abnormality signal AB1 is sequentially transmitted from signal output circuit 50 at the highest level to signal output circuit 50 at the middle level and signal output circuit 50 at the bottom, and applied to battery ECU 510.
- battery ECU 510 can quickly detect that an abnormality has occurred in the terminal voltage of battery cell 10 of any of battery modules 100a-100c.
- FIG. 6C shows the selection signals SE1 to SE3 and the detection signals DT1 to DT3 when the terminal voltage of the battery cell 10 of the battery module 100b is out of the allowable voltage range at time t2.
- the selection signal SE1 maintains the “L” level in the uppermost state detection unit DTa. Therefore, the uppermost signal output circuit 50 outputs the normal signal NM1 as the detection signal DT1.
- the selection signal SE2 rises from the “L” level to the “H” level at time t2. Therefore, the middle order signal output circuit 50 outputs the abnormal signal AB2 as the detection signal DT2 at time t2.
- the selection signal SE3 maintains the "L” level. Therefore, the lowest signal output circuit 50 outputs the detection signal DT2 (abnormal signal AB2) from the middle-order signal output circuit 50 at time t2 as the detection signal DT3.
- the abnormal signal AB2 is sequentially transmitted from the middle signal output circuit 50 to the lowermost signal output circuit 50. It is given to ECU 510.
- battery ECU 510 can quickly detect that an abnormality has occurred in the terminal voltage of battery cell 10 of any of battery modules 100a-100c.
- FIG. 6D shows the selection signals SE1 to SE3 and the detection signals DT1 to DT3 when the terminal voltage of the battery cell 10 of the battery module 100c goes out of the allowable voltage range at time t3.
- the selection signal SE1 maintains the “L” level in the uppermost state detection unit DTa. Therefore, the uppermost signal output circuit 50 outputs the normal signal NM1 as the detection signal DT1.
- the selection signal SE2 maintains the “L” level. Therefore, the middle order signal output circuit 50 outputs the detection signal DT1 (normal signal NM1) from the highest order signal output circuit 50 as the detection signal DT2.
- the selection signal SE3 rises from the “L” level to the “H” level at time t3. Therefore, the lowest signal output circuit 50 outputs the abnormal signal AB3 as the detection signal DT3 at time t3.
- the abnormality signal AB3 is from the bottom signal output circuit 50. It is supplied to battery ECU 510. Thus, battery ECU 510 can quickly detect that an abnormality has occurred in the terminal voltage of battery cell 10 of any of battery modules 100a-100c.
- a state in which the signal lines of the state detection units DTa to DTc are disconnected and kept in the ground potential by being in contact with a ground terminal or the like is called a ground fault.
- a state in which the signal lines of the state detection units DTa to DTc are disconnected and brought into contact with a power supply terminal or the like to be held at the power supply potential is called a short circuit.
- each printed circuit board 110 when the signal line connected to the connector CNc (FIG. 4) of each printed circuit board 110 is disconnected and floated, the connector CNc of the printed circuit board 110 is connected to the non-power battery BAT. It is held at the reference potential (ground potential) of (FIG. 4). This causes a ground fault.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing waveforms of selection signals SE1 to SE3 and output signals DT1 to DT3 in each of the state detection units DTa to DTc when a ground fault occurs.
- selection signals SE1 to SE3 maintain the "L" level.
- FIG. 7A shows selection signals SE1 to SE3 and detection signals DT1 to DT3 in the case where a ground fault occurs in the state detection unit DTa of the battery module 100a at time t11.
- the uppermost signal output circuit 50 outputs a detection signal DT1 of "L” level.
- the middle-level signal output circuit 50 outputs the detection signal DT1 at the “L” level as the detection signal DT2 at the “L” level at time t11.
- the lowest signal output circuit 50 outputs the detection signal DT2 of "L” level as the detection signal DT3 of "L” level at time t11.
- the “L” level signal is sequentially transmitted from the highest signal output circuit 50 to the middle signal output circuit 50 and the lowest signal output circuit 50 and applied to the battery ECU 510.
- battery ECU 510 can rapidly detect that a ground fault has occurred in any of state detection portions DTa to DTc.
- FIG. 7B shows selection signals SE1 to SE3 and detection signals DT1 to DT3 when a ground fault occurs in the state detection unit DTb of the battery module 100b at time t12.
- the uppermost signal output circuit 50 outputs the normal signal NM1 as the detection signal DT1.
- the middle-order signal output circuit 50 outputs a detection signal DT2 of “L” level.
- the lowest signal output circuit 50 outputs the detection signal DT2 of "L” level as the detection signal DT3 of "L” level at time t12.
- the "L" level signal is sequentially transmitted from the middle signal output circuit 50 to the lowermost signal output circuit 50. And supplied to the battery ECU 510.
- battery ECU 510 can rapidly detect that a ground fault has occurred in any of state detection portions DTa to DTc.
- FIG. 7C shows selection signals SE1 to SE3 and detection signals DT1 to DT3 in the case where a ground fault occurs in the state detection unit DTc of the battery module 100c at time t13.
- the uppermost signal output circuit 50 outputs the normal signal NM1 as the detection signal DT1.
- the middle order signal output circuit 50 outputs the detection signal DT1 (normal signal NM1) from the top signal output circuit 50 as a detection signal DT2.
- the lowest signal output circuit 50 outputs a detection signal DT3 of "L" level.
- the detection signal DT1 from the top signal output circuit 50 and the detection signal DT2 from the middle signal output circuit 50 are normal signals NM1, the "L" level from the bottom signal output circuit 50 is obtained.
- battery ECU 510 can rapidly detect that a ground fault has occurred in any of state detection portions DTa to DTc.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the waveforms of the selection signals SE1 to SE3 and the output signals DT1 to DT3 in each of the state detection units DTa to DTc when a power failure occurs.
- selection signals SE1 to SE3 maintain "H" level.
- FIG. 8A shows the selection signals SE1 to SE3 and the detection signals DT1 to DT3 in the case where a short circuit occurs in the state detection unit DTa of the battery module 100a at time t21.
- the uppermost signal output circuit 50 outputs a detection signal DT1 of “H” level.
- the middle-level signal output circuit 50 outputs the “H” level detection signal DT1 as the “H” level detection signal DT2 at time t21.
- the lowest signal output circuit 50 outputs the “H” level detection signal DT2 as the “H” level detection signal DT3 at time t21.
- the “H” level signal is sequentially transmitted from the uppermost signal output circuit 50 to the middle signal output circuit 50 and the lowermost signal output circuit 50 and applied to the battery ECU 510.
- battery ECU 510 can rapidly detect that a power short has occurred in any of state detection portions DTa to DTc.
- FIG. 8B shows selection signals SE1 to SE3 and detection signals DT1 to DT3 in the case where a short circuit occurs in the state detection unit DTb of the battery module 100b at time t22.
- the uppermost signal output circuit 50 outputs the normal signal NM1 as the detection signal DT1.
- the middle-order signal output circuit 50 outputs the “H” level detection signal DT2.
- the lowest signal output circuit 50 outputs the “H” level detection signal DT2 as the “H” level detection signal DT3 at time t22.
- FIG. 8C shows selection signals SE1 to SE3 and detection signals DT1 to DT3 in the case where a short circuit occurs in the state detection unit DTc of the battery module 100c at time t23.
- the uppermost signal output circuit 50 outputs the normal signal NM1 as the detection signal DT1.
- the middle order signal output circuit 50 outputs the detection signal DT1 (normal signal NM1) from the top signal output circuit 50 as a detection signal DT2. For example, when a short circuit occurs in the signal line P2 at time t23, the lowest signal output circuit 50 outputs a detection signal DT3 of "H" level.
- the “H” level from the bottom signal output circuit 50 is obtained.
- battery ECU 510 can rapidly detect that a power short has occurred in any of state detection portions DTa to DTc.
- the battery ECU 510 acquires the value of the terminal voltage of each battery cell 10 detected by the voltage detection unit 20 via the arithmetic processing unit 40.
- battery ECU 510 determines that the value of the terminal voltage of a certain battery cell 10 is higher than the value of the terminal voltage of another battery cell 10
- switching element SW of equalization circuit 70 corresponding to that battery cell 10 A command signal to turn on is given to the processing unit 40. Thereby, the charge stored in the battery cell 10 is discharged through the resistor R.
- the switching element of equalization circuit 70 corresponding to that battery cell 10 A command signal to turn off the SW is supplied to the arithmetic processing unit 40. Thereby, the values of the terminal voltages of all the battery cells 10 are maintained substantially equally. Thereby, overcharge and overdischarge of some battery cells 10 can be prevented. As a result, deterioration of the battery cell 10 can be prevented.
- signal output circuit 50 of state detection unit DTa generates the case where selection signal SE1 generated by corresponding processing unit 40 is at the “H” level (abnormal At the time of detection), the abnormality signal AB1 is output as the detection signal DT1.
- the abnormality signal AB1 is transmitted to the battery ECU 510 via the signal output circuit 50 without passing through the arithmetic processing unit 40. Therefore, abnormality signal AB1 is rapidly applied to battery ECU 510 without determination based on detection signal DB and abnormality signal AB1 applied from corresponding abnormality detection unit 30 in middle and lower order arithmetic processing devices 40. .
- the detection signal DT1 from the state detection unit DTa is the normal signal NM1.
- the abnormal signal AB2 generated by the corresponding arithmetic processing unit 40 is output.
- the abnormality signal AB2 is transmitted to the battery ECU 510 via the signal output circuit 50 without passing through the arithmetic processing unit 40. Therefore, abnormality signal AB2 is rapidly applied to battery ECU 510 without determination based on detection signal DB and abnormality signal AB2 applied from corresponding abnormality detection unit 30 in the lowest arithmetic processing unit 40.
- the detection signal DT2 from the state detection unit DTb is the normal signal NM1.
- An abnormal signal AB3 generated by the corresponding arithmetic processing unit 40 is output regardless of whether it is an abnormal signal AB1 or AB2.
- the abnormality signal AB3 is transmitted to the battery ECU 510 via the signal output circuit 50 without passing through the arithmetic processing unit 40. Therefore, abnormality signal AB3 is quickly applied to battery ECU 510.
- the battery ECU 510 can quickly and reliably detect the abnormality.
- battery ECU 510 can quickly detect that a ground fault or a power fault has occurred in any of state detection portions DTa to DTc by detecting the signal at the “L” level or the “H” level. .
- the abnormality signals AB1, AB2, AB3 generated in the plurality of state detection units DTa, DTb, DTc are transmitted from the signal output circuit 50 of the lowest state detection unit DTc to the battery ECU 510. Therefore, it is not necessary to connect the plurality of state detection units DTa, DTb, and DTc and the battery ECU 510 through communication paths. As a result, the abnormality signals AB1, AB2, AB3 generated in the state detection units DTa, DTb, DTc can be transmitted to the battery ECU 510 without complicating the communication path.
- the voltage detection unit 20 detects the terminal voltage of the plurality of battery cells 10 of the corresponding battery cell group BL. Further, the value of the detected terminal voltage is transmitted to battery ECU 510. Thus, when the battery ECU 510 detects an abnormality of the battery cell 10 via the voltage detection unit 20 or the abnormality detection unit 30, the contactor 520 can be turned off. As a result, the reliability of the battery system 500 is improved.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing waveforms of the normal signal NM1 and the abnormal signals AB1 to AB3 outputted from the arithmetic processing unit 40 of the state detection units DTa to DTc in the second embodiment.
- the normal signal NM1 generated by the arithmetic processing unit 40 of the state detection unit DTa has a duty ratio T0.
- the abnormality signal AB1 generated by the arithmetic processing unit 40 of the state detection unit DTa has a duty ratio T1.
- the abnormality signal AB2 generated by the arithmetic processing unit 40 of the state detection unit DTb has a duty ratio T2.
- the abnormality signal AB3 generated by the arithmetic processing unit 40 of the state detection unit DTc has a duty ratio T3. Duty ratios T0 to T3 are different from each other.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing waveforms of selection signals SE1 to SE3 and detection signals DT1 to DT3 in each of the state detection units DTa to DTc.
- FIG. 10A shows the selection signals SE1 to SE3 and the detection signals DT1 to DT3 when the terminal voltages of the plurality of battery cells 10 of the battery modules 100a to 100c are within the allowable voltage range.
- the selection signal SE1 maintains the “L” level in the uppermost state detection unit DTa. Therefore, the uppermost signal output circuit 50 outputs the normal signal NM1 of the duty ratio T0 as the detection signal DT1.
- the selection signal SE2 maintains the “L” level. Therefore, the middle order signal output circuit 50 outputs the detection signal DT1 (the normal signal NM1 of the duty ratio T0) from the highest order signal output circuit 50 as the detection signal DT2.
- the selection signal SE3 maintains the "L" level. Therefore, the lowermost signal output circuit 50 outputs the detection signal DT2 (normal signal NM1 of duty ratio T0) from the middle-order signal output circuit 50 as a detection signal DT3.
- normal signal NM1 of duty ratio T0 is sequentially transmitted from signal output circuit 50 of the highest order to signal output circuit 50 of the middle order and signal output circuit 50 of the lowest order, and applied to battery ECU 510.
- battery ECU 510 can rapidly detect that the terminal voltages of the plurality of battery cells 10 of each of the battery modules 100a to 100c are normal.
- FIG. 10B shows the selection signals SE1 to SE3 and the detection signals DT1 to DT3 when the terminal voltage of the battery cell 10 of the battery module 100a goes out of the allowable voltage range at time t31.
- the selection signal SE1 rises from the “L” level to the “H” level at time t31. Therefore, the uppermost signal output circuit 50 outputs the abnormal signal AB1 of the duty ratio T1 as the detection signal DT1 at time t31.
- the selection signal SE2 maintains the “L” level.
- the middle order signal output circuit 50 outputs the detection signal DT1 (abnormal signal AB1 of the duty ratio T1) from the top signal output circuit 50 at time t31 as the detection signal DT2.
- the selection signal SE3 maintains the "L" level. Therefore, the lowest signal output circuit 50 outputs the detection signal DT2 (abnormal signal AB1 of duty ratio T1) from the middle-order signal output circuit 50 at time t31 as a detection signal DT3.
- abnormality signal AB1 of duty ratio T1 is sequentially transmitted from signal output circuit 50 of the highest order to signal output circuit 50 of the middle order and signal output circuit 50 of the lowest order, and applied to battery ECU 510.
- battery ECU 510 can rapidly detect that an abnormality has occurred in the terminal voltage of battery cell 10 of battery module 100 a based on duty ratio T1 of the abnormality signal.
- FIG. 10C shows the selection signals SE1 to SE3 and the detection signals DT1 to DT3 when the terminal voltage of the battery cell 10 of the battery module 100b is out of the allowable voltage range at time t32.
- the selection signal SE1 maintains the “L” level in the uppermost state detection unit DTa. Therefore, the uppermost signal output circuit 50 outputs the normal signal NM1 as the detection signal DT1.
- the selection signal SE2 rises from the “L” level to the “H” level at time t32. Therefore, the middle order signal output circuit 50 outputs the abnormality signal AB2 of the duty ratio T2 as the detection signal DT2 at time t32.
- the selection signal SE3 maintains the "L" level. Therefore, the lowest signal output circuit 50 outputs the detection signal DT2 (abnormal signal AB2 of duty ratio T2) from the middle-order signal output circuit 50 at time t32 as a detection signal DT3.
- the abnormal signal AB2 of the duty ratio T2 is sequentially from the middle signal output circuit 50 to the lowermost signal output circuit 50. It is transmitted to battery ECU 510. Thereby, battery ECU 510 can rapidly detect that an abnormality has occurred in at least the terminal voltage of battery cell 10 of battery module 100 b based on duty ratio T2 of the abnormality signal.
- FIG. 10D shows the selection signals SE1 to SE3 and the detection signals DT1 to DT3 when the terminal voltage of the battery cell 10 of the battery module 100c goes out of the allowable voltage range at time t33.
- the selection signal SE1 maintains the “L” level in the uppermost state detection unit DTa. Therefore, the uppermost signal output circuit 50 outputs the normal signal NM1 as the detection signal DT1.
- the selection signal SE2 maintains the “L” level. Therefore, the middle order signal output circuit 50 outputs the detection signal DT1 (normal signal NM1) from the highest order signal output circuit 50 as the detection signal DT2.
- the selection signal SE3 rises from the “L” level to the “H” level at time t33. Therefore, the lowest signal output circuit 50 outputs the abnormality signal AB3 of the duty ratio T3 as the detection signal DT3 at time t33.
- the abnormal signal AB3 of the duty ratio T3 is the lowest signal.
- the output circuit 50 provides the battery ECU 510. Thereby, battery ECU 510 can rapidly detect that an abnormality has occurred in at least the terminal voltage of battery cell 10 of battery module 100 c based on duty ratio T3 of the abnormality signal.
- FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a battery system 500 according to the third embodiment.
- the state detection unit DT in the present embodiment has a communication circuit 41, a selection signal generation unit 42, and a signal generation unit 43 in place of the arithmetic processing unit 40 of FIG.
- the communication circuit 41 performs, for example, CAN communication via the communication driver 60. Thereby, the communication circuit 41 transmits the values of the terminal voltages of the plurality of battery cells 10 to the battery ECU 510 via the bus BS based on the detection signal DA supplied from the voltage detection unit 20. Further, the communication circuit 41 acquires the value of the temperature of the battery modules 100a to 100c from the thermistor TH of FIG. 13 described later. Further, the communication circuit 41 receives various command signals from the battery ECU 510 via the bus BS and the communication driver 60.
- the signal generator 43 generates a normal signal.
- the NOT circuit N1 outputs an abnormality signal by inverting the normal signal generated by the signal generation unit 43.
- the signal generating unit 43 may generate an abnormal signal in addition to the normal signal. In this case, the NOT circuit N1 is not provided.
- the selection signal generation unit 42 generates a selection signal SE1 for selecting one of the normal signal NM1 and the abnormality signal AB1 based on the detection signal DB supplied by the abnormality detection unit 30.
- FIG. 12 is a block diagram showing a configuration of selection signal generating unit 42. Referring to FIG. FIG. 12 shows the configuration of selection signal generating unit 42 of battery module 100a. As shown in FIG. 12, the selection signal generating unit 42 includes a resistor R1, a capacitor C1, a comparator c1, and a DC power supply E1.
- the detection signal DB is applied to the non-inverted input terminal of the comparator c1 via the resistor R1.
- the non-inverting input terminal of the comparator c1 is connected to the reference potential (ground potential) via the capacitor C1.
- the inverting input terminal of the comparator c1 is connected to the DC power supply E1.
- the voltage of the DC power supply E1 is 2.5 V, for example.
- the resistor R1 and the capacitor C1 constitute a low pass filter.
- the detection signal DB having a first duty ratio (for example, 75%) is converted to a signal having a first voltage (for example, 4.5 V) by passing through a low pass filter.
- the detection signal DB having a second duty ratio (for example, 25%) is converted to a signal of a second voltage (for example, 0.5 V) by passing through a low pass filter.
- selection signal generation unit 42 of battery modules 100b and 100c are the same as the configuration and operation of selection signal generation unit 42 of FIG. 12 except that selection signals SE2 and SE3 are output instead of selection signal SE1. It is similar.
- the processing unit 40 is not provided in the state detection unit DT. Therefore, the cost of battery system 500 can be reduced.
- At least one of the communication circuit 41, the selection signal generator 42 and the signal generator 43 may be realized by the arithmetic processing unit 40.
- the state detection unit DT can be miniaturized, and the configuration of the state detection unit DT can be simplified.
- FIG. 13 is an external perspective view showing an example of the battery module 100.
- three directions orthogonal to one another are defined as an X direction, a Y direction, and a Z direction.
- the X direction and the Y direction are directions parallel to the horizontal plane
- the Z direction is a direction perpendicular to the horizontal plane.
- the upward direction is the direction in which the arrow Z is directed.
- a plurality of battery cells 10 having a flat and substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape are arranged in the X direction.
- a pair of end face frames EP having a substantially plate shape are disposed in parallel to the YZ plane.
- the pair of upper end frames FR1 and the pair of lower end frames FR2 are arranged to extend in the X direction.
- connection portions for connecting the pair of upper end frames FR1 and the pair of lower end frames FR2 are formed.
- the plurality of battery cells 10 disposed between the pair of end face frames EP With the plurality of battery cells 10 disposed between the pair of end face frames EP, the pair of upper end frames FR1 is attached to the upper connection portion of the pair of end face frames EP, and the connection on the lower side of the pair of end face frames EP The lower end frame FR2 is attached to the portion. Thereby, the plurality of battery cells 10 are integrally fixed by the pair of end surface frames EP, the pair of upper end frames FR1 and the pair of lower end frames FR2.
- the plurality of battery cells 10, the pair of end face frames EP, the pair of upper end frames FR1 and the pair of lower end frames FR2 constitute a substantially rectangular battery block BLK.
- the battery block BLK includes the battery cell group BL of FIG.
- the printed circuit board 110 is attached to one of the end surface frames EP.
- a plurality of thermistors TH for detecting the temperature of the battery module 100 are attached to the side surface of the battery block BLK.
- each battery cell 10 has a plus electrode 10 a and a minus electrode 10 b on the top surface of the battery block BLK so as to be aligned along the Y direction.
- the battery cells 10 are arranged such that the positional relationship between the plus electrode 10a and the minus electrode 10b in the Y direction between the adjacent battery cells 10 is opposite to each other.
- one electrodes 10a and 10b of the plurality of battery cells 10 are arranged in a line along the X direction, and the other electrodes 10a and 10b of the plurality of battery cells 10 are arranged in a line along the X direction.
- the plus electrode 10a of one battery cell 10 and the minus electrode 10b of the other battery cell 10 are in close proximity, and the minus electrode 10b of one battery cell 10 and the other The plus electrode 10 a of the battery cell 10 approaches.
- a bus bar BB made of, for example, copper is attached to the two adjacent electrodes 10a and 10b. Thereby, a plurality of battery cells 10 are connected in series.
- a long flexible printed circuit board (hereinafter abbreviated as an FPC board) 120 extending in the X direction is commonly connected to the plurality of bus bars BB on one end side of the plurality of battery cells 10 in the Y direction. . Similarly, on the other end side of the plurality of battery cells 10 in the Y direction, a long FPC board 120 extending in the X direction is commonly connected to the plurality of bus bars BB.
- the FPC board 120 has a configuration in which a plurality of conductor lines W1 of FIG. 2 described later are formed mainly on the insulating layer, and has flexibility and flexibility.
- polyimide is used as a material of the insulating layer constituting the FPC board 120
- copper is used as a material of the conductor wire W1.
- Each FPC board 120 is folded back at a right angle toward the inside at the upper end portion of one end face frame EP of the battery cell group BL, and is further folded down and connected to the printed circuit board 110. Thereby, the voltage detection unit 20, the abnormality detection unit 30, and the equalization circuit 70 of FIG. 1 are connected to the plus electrode 10a and the minus electrode 10b of the battery cell 10.
- Electric Vehicle (1) Configuration and Operation The electric vehicle will be described.
- the electric vehicle includes the battery system 500 according to the above-described embodiment.
- an electric car will be described as an example of the electric vehicle.
- FIG. 14 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an electric vehicle provided with battery system 500.
- the electric automobile 600 includes a car body 610.
- the car body 610 is provided with the battery system 500 of FIG. 1 and a non-driving battery BAT, a power conversion unit 601, a motor 602, driving wheels 603, an accelerator device 604, a braking device 605, a rotational speed sensor 606 and a main control unit 300.
- the motor 602 is an alternating current (AC) motor
- the power conversion unit 601 includes an inverter circuit.
- Battery system 500 includes battery ECU 510 of FIG. 1.
- the battery system 500 is connected to the motor 602 via the power conversion unit 601 and to the main control unit 300.
- the main control unit 300 is supplied with the charge amount of the battery module 100 (see FIG. 1) from the battery ECU 510 of the battery system 500. Further, an accelerator device 604, a brake device 605, and a rotational speed sensor 606 are connected to the main control unit 300.
- the main control unit 300 includes, for example, a CPU and a memory or a microcomputer.
- the accelerator device 604 includes an accelerator pedal 604 a included in the electric automobile 600 and an accelerator detection unit 604 b that detects an operation amount (depression amount) of the accelerator pedal 604 a.
- the accelerator detection unit 604b detects an operation amount of the accelerator pedal 604a based on a state in which the user does not operate.
- the detected operation amount of the accelerator pedal 604 a is given to the main control unit 300.
- the brake device 605 includes a brake pedal 605 a included in the electric automobile 600 and a brake detection unit 605 b that detects an operation amount (depression amount) of the brake pedal 605 a by the user.
- an operation amount depression amount
- the brake detection unit 605b detects an operation amount of the brake pedal 605 a by the user.
- the detected operation amount of the brake pedal 605 a is given to the main control unit 300.
- the rotational speed sensor 606 detects the rotational speed of the motor 602. The detected rotational speed is given to the main control unit 300.
- the main control unit 300 is supplied with the charge amount of the battery module 100, the operation amount of the accelerator pedal 604a, the operation amount of the brake pedal 605a, and the rotational speed of the motor 602.
- Main control unit 300 performs charge / discharge control of battery module 100 and power conversion control of power conversion unit 601 based on the information. For example, at the time of start and acceleration of electric powered vehicle 600 based on the accelerator operation, the power of battery module 100 is supplied from battery system 500 to power conversion unit 601.
- main control unit 300 calculates the rotational force (command torque) to be transmitted to drive wheel 603 based on the given operation amount of accelerator pedal 604 a, and the control signal based on the command torque is converted into power conversion unit 601. Give to.
- the power conversion unit 601 that has received the above control signal converts the power supplied from the battery system 500 into the power (drive power) necessary to drive the drive wheel 603.
- the drive power converted by the power conversion unit 601 is supplied to the motor 602, and the rotational force of the motor 602 based on the drive power is transmitted to the drive wheel 603.
- the motor 602 functions as a power generation device.
- the power conversion unit 601 converts the regenerative power generated by the motor 602 into power suitable for charging the plurality of battery cells 10 and supplies the power to the plurality of battery cells 10. Thereby, the plurality of battery cells 10 are charged.
- the battery system 500 according to the above embodiment is provided. Therefore, when an abnormality occurs in the battery cell 10 of the battery module 100, the main control unit 300 quickly operates via the battery ECU 510. And it is possible to reliably detect an abnormality.
- abnormality signals AB1 to AB3 generated in state detection units DTa to DTc can be transmitted to main control unit 300 via battery ECU 510 without complicating the communication path.
- Main control unit 300 may have the function of battery ECU 510.
- the main control unit 300 is connected to the communication driver 60 (see FIG. 1) of each of the battery modules 100a to 100c included in each of the battery systems 500. Further, main control unit 300 is further connected to signal output circuit 50 (see FIG. 1) of battery module 100 c included in each battery system 500.
- each battery system 500 may not be provided with battery ECU 510.
- the ship on which the battery system 500 is mounted includes, for example, a hull instead of the car body 610 in FIG. 14, a screw instead of the drive wheel 603, and an acceleration input unit instead of the accelerator device 604. Instead it has a deceleration input.
- the driver operates the acceleration input unit instead of the accelerator device 604 when accelerating the hull and operates the deceleration input unit instead of the braking device 605 when decelerating the hull.
- the hull corresponds to the moving main body
- the motor corresponds to the power source
- the screw corresponds to the drive.
- the motor receives power from the battery system 500 to convert the power into power, and the power is used to rotate the screw, thereby moving the hull.
- an aircraft equipped with the battery system 500 includes, for example, an airframe instead of the vehicle body 610 of FIG. 14, a propeller instead of the drive wheels 603, and an acceleration input unit instead of the accelerator device 604. Instead of the device 605, a deceleration input is provided.
- the airframe corresponds to the moving main body
- the motor corresponds to the power source
- the propeller corresponds to the drive.
- the motor receives power from the battery system 500 and converts the power to power, and the power is rotated by the propeller to move the vehicle.
- An elevator equipped with the battery system 500 includes, for example, a weir instead of the car body 610 of FIG. 14 and an elevating rope attached to the weir instead of the drive wheel 603, and an acceleration input unit instead of the accelerator device 604.
- a deceleration input unit is provided.
- the weir corresponds to the moving main body
- the motor corresponds to the power source
- the elevating rope corresponds to the drive.
- the motor receives power from the battery system 500 to convert the power into power, and the power is used to wind up the lifting rope to raise and lower the kite.
- the walking robot on which the battery system 500 is mounted has, for example, a body instead of the vehicle body 610 of FIG. 14, a foot instead of the drive wheel 603, and an acceleration input unit instead of the accelerator device 604.
- the body corresponds to the moving main body
- the motor corresponds to the power source
- the foot corresponds to the drive.
- the motor receives power from the battery system 500 to convert the power into power, and the power drives the foot to move the trunk.
- the power source receives the power from the battery system 500, converts the power into power, and the drive unit moves the power by the power converted by the power source.
- FIG. 15 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the power supply device.
- the power supply device 700 includes a power storage device 710 and a power conversion device 720.
- the power storage device 710 includes a battery system group 711 and a controller 712.
- Battery system group 711 includes a plurality of battery systems 500.
- the plurality of battery systems 500 may be connected in parallel to one another or may be connected in series to one another.
- the controller 712 includes, for example, a CPU and a memory, or a microcomputer.
- the controller 712 is connected to the battery ECU 510 (see FIG. 1) included in each battery system 500.
- the controller 712 controls the power converter 720 based on the charge amount of each battery cell 10 given from each battery ECU 510.
- the controller 712 performs control described later as control relating to discharge or charge of the battery module 100 of the battery system 500.
- Power converter 720 includes a DC / DC (DC / DC) converter 721 and a DC / AC (DC / AC) inverter 722.
- the DC / DC converter 721 has input / output terminals 721a and 721b, and the DC / AC inverter 722 has input / output terminals 722a and 722b.
- the input / output terminal 721a of the DC / DC converter 721 is connected to the battery system group 711 of the power storage device 710 via the HV connector 530 (see FIG. 1) of each battery system 500.
- the input / output terminal 721b of the DC / DC converter 721 and the input / output terminal 722a of the DC / AC inverter 722 are connected to each other and connected to the power output unit PU1.
- the input / output terminal 722b of the DC / AC inverter 722 is connected to the power output unit PU2 and connected to another power system.
- the power output units PU1 and PU2 include, for example, outlets. For example, various loads are connected to the power output units PU1 and PU2.
- Other power systems include, for example, commercial power or solar cells.
- the power output units PU1 and PU2 and other power systems are external examples connected to the power supply apparatus.
- the solar cell When a solar cell is used as a power system, the solar cell is connected to the input / output terminal 721b of the DC / DC converter 721.
- the AC output unit of the power conditioner of the solar power generation system is connected to the input / output terminal 722b of the DC / AC inverter 722.
- Control of the DC / DC converter 721 and the DC / AC inverter 722 by the controller 712 causes the battery system group 711 to be discharged and charged.
- the power supplied from the battery system group 711 is DC / DC (DC / DC) converted by the DC / DC converter 721, and further DC / AC (DC / AC) converted by the DC / AC inverter 722. Be done.
- the power DC / DC converted by the DC / DC converter 721 is supplied to the power output unit PU1.
- the power DC / AC converted by the DC / AC inverter 722 is supplied to the power output unit PU2. Also, the power converted into alternating current by the DC / AC inverter 722 can be supplied to another power system.
- the controller 712 performs the following control as an example of control regarding discharge of the battery module 100 of the battery system group 711.
- the controller 712 determines whether to stop discharging the battery system group 711 or whether to limit the discharging current (or discharging power) based on the calculated charge amount,
- the power converter 720 is controlled based on the determination result. Specifically, when the charge amount of one of the plurality of battery cells 10 (see FIG. 1) included in the battery system group 711 becomes smaller than a predetermined threshold value, the controller 712 outputs The DC / DC converter 721 and the DC / AC inverter 722 are controlled such that the discharge of the battery system group 711 is stopped or the discharge current (or discharge power) is limited. Thereby, overdischarge of each battery cell 10 is prevented.
- the limitation of the discharge current is performed by limiting the voltage of the battery system group 711 to a constant reference voltage.
- the reference voltage is set by the controller 712 based on the charge amount of the battery cell 10.
- AC / DC (AC / DC) conversion of AC power supplied from another power system is performed by the DC / AC inverter 722, and DC / DC (DC) is further performed by the DC / DC converter 721. / DC) converted.
- Power is supplied from DC / DC converter 721 to battery system group 711 to charge a plurality of battery cells 10 (see FIG. 1) included in battery system group 711.
- the controller 712 performs the following control as an example of control regarding charging of the battery module 100 of the battery system group 711.
- the controller 712 determines whether to stop charging of the battery system group 711 or limit charging current (or charging power) based on the calculated charge amount,
- the power converter 720 is controlled based on the determination result. Specifically, when the charge amount of one of the plurality of battery cells 10 (see FIG. 1) included in the battery system group 711 becomes larger than a predetermined threshold value, the controller 712 outputs The DC / DC converter 721 and the DC / AC inverter 722 are controlled such that charging of the battery system group 711 is stopped or charging current (or charging power) is limited. Thereby, overcharge of each battery cell 10 is prevented.
- the limitation of the charging current is performed by limiting the voltage of the battery system group 711 to a constant reference voltage.
- the reference voltage is set by the controller 712 based on the charge amount of the battery cell 10.
- Power conversion device 720 may have only one of DC / DC converter 721 and DC / AC inverter 722 as long as power can be supplied to each other between power supply device 700 and the outside. Further, power converter 720 may not be provided as long as power can be supplied to each other between power supply 700 and the outside.
- the controller 712 controls the supply of power between the battery system group 711 and the outside. Thereby, overdischarge and overcharge of each battery cell 10 included in battery system group 711 are prevented.
- the battery system 500 In the power supply device 700, the battery system 500 according to the above embodiment is provided. Therefore, when an abnormality occurs in the battery cell 10 of the battery module 100, the controller 712 quickly and reliably detects the abnormality via the battery ECU 510. can do.
- abnormality signals AB1 to AB3 generated in the state detection units DTa to DTc can be transmitted to the controller 712 via the battery ECU 510 without complicating the communication path.
- the controller 712 controls the power converter 720 when detecting an abnormality in the battery cell group BL. Therefore, each battery system 500 may not be provided with the contactor 520 of FIG. 1.
- the controller 712 may have the function of the battery ECU 510.
- the controller 712 is connected to the communication driver 60 (see FIG. 1) of each of the battery modules 100a to 100c included in each of the battery systems 500.
- the controller 712 is further connected to the signal output circuit 50 (see FIG. 1) of the battery module 100 c included in each battery system 500.
- each battery system 500 may not have battery ECU 510.
- the battery module 100 detects the terminal voltage of the battery cell 10 as a parameter indicating the state of the battery cell 10 and the voltage detection unit 20 of the battery module 100 Although it has the thermistor TH which detects temperature, it is not limited to this.
- the battery module 100 may have a current detection unit that detects the current flowing through the plurality of battery modules 100 as a parameter indicating the state of the battery cell 10.
- battery module 100 contains a plurality of battery cells 10, it is not limited to this.
- the battery module 100 may include one battery cell 10.
- state detection part DT contains voltage detection part 20, it is not limited to this.
- the state detection unit DT may not include the voltage detection unit 20.
- the arithmetic processing unit 40 may not have the communication function. Even in this case, the abnormality detection unit 30 of the state detection unit DT can detect an abnormality in the terminal voltage of the battery cell 10.
- the battery system 500 includes the three battery modules 100a to 100c, but is not limited thereto.
- the battery system 500 may include two battery modules 100 or four or more battery modules 100.
- the battery module 100 includes one voltage detection unit 20, but is not limited thereto.
- each battery module 100 may include a plurality of voltage detection units 20.
- each voltage detection unit 20 detects a terminal voltage of each of the corresponding battery cells 10 among the plurality of battery cells 10 included in the battery cell group BL.
- the battery module 100 includes one abnormality detection unit 30.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- each battery module 100 may include a plurality of abnormality detection units 30.
- each abnormality detection unit 30 detects the presence or absence of an abnormality of the corresponding battery cell 10 among the plurality of battery cells 10 included in the battery cell group BL.
- the battery module 100 is an example of a battery module
- the battery cell 10 is an example of a battery cell
- the battery cell group BL is an example of a battery cell group.
- the state detection unit DT is an example of a state detection unit
- the abnormality detection unit 30 is an example of an abnormality detection unit
- the arithmetic processing unit 40 or the signal generation unit 43 is an example of an abnormality signal generation unit
- the signal output circuit 50 is In the example of the signal output circuit
- the battery system 500 is an example of the battery system.
- the voltage detection unit 20 or the thermistor TH is an example of a parameter detection unit
- the arithmetic processing unit 40 or the communication circuit 41 is an example of a communication circuit
- the arithmetic processing unit 40 or the selection signal generation unit 42 is an example of a selection signal generation unit.
- the arithmetic processing unit 40 is an example of the arithmetic processing unit
- the non-driving battery BAT is an example of a power supply.
- the motor 602 is an example of a motor
- the driving wheel 603 is an example of a driving wheel
- the electric automobile 600 is an example of an electric vehicle
- a car body 610 a hull of a ship, a body of an aircraft, an elevator wing, or a body of a walking robot.
- the motor 602, the driving wheel 603, the screw, the propeller, the hoisting motor of the lifting rope or the foot of the walking robot is an example of a power source
- the electric car 600, a ship, an aircraft, an elevator or a walking robot is an example of a moving body.
- the controller 712 is an example of a system control unit
- the power storage device 710 is an example of a power storage device
- the power supply device 700 is an example of a power supply device
- the power conversion device 720 is an example of a power conversion device.
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Abstract
Description
以下、第1の実施の形態に係るバッテリシステムについて図面を参照しながら説明する。なお、本実施の形態に係るバッテリシステムは、電力を駆動源とする電動車両(例えば電動自動車)に搭載される。バッテリシステムは、充放電が可能な複数のバッテリセルを備える蓄電装置または民生機器等に用いることもできる。
図1は、第1の実施の形態に係るバッテリシステムの構成を示すブロック図である。図1に示すように、バッテリシステム500は、複数のバッテリモジュール100、バッテリECU(Electronic Control Unit:電子制御ユニット)510、コンタクタ520およびHV(High Voltage;高圧)コネクタ530を備える。本実施の形態では、バッテリシステム500は3個のバッテリモジュール100を含む。以下の説明において、3個のバッテリモジュール100をそれぞれバッテリモジュール100a,100b,100cと呼ぶ。
図2は、電圧検出部20、異常検出部30および均等化回路70の構成を示すブロック図である。
図3は、信号出力回路50の構成を示すブロック図である。図3では、バッテリモジュール100aの信号出力回路50の構成が示される。信号出力回路50は、NOT回路N2、2つのAND回路A1,A2およびOR回路O1を含む。
図1の状態検出部DTおよび均等化回路70は、リジッドプリント回路基板(以下、プリント回路基板と呼ぶ。)に実装される。図4は、プリント回路基板の一構成例を示す模式的平面図である。図4に示すように、プリント回路基板110には、電圧検出部20、異常検出部30、演算処理装置40、信号出力回路50、通信ドライバ60および均等化回路70に加え、コネクタCNa~CNdおよび絶縁素子DIa,DIbが実装される。また、プリント回路基板110は、第1の実装領域MT1、第2の実装領域MT2および帯状の絶縁領域INSを有する。
以下の説明において、バッテリモジュール100a~100cの状態検出部DTをそれぞれ状態検出部DTa~DTcと呼ぶ。図5は、状態検出部DTa~DTcの演算処理装置40から出力される正常信号NM1~NM3および異常信号AB1~AB3の波形を示す図である。
状態検出部DTa~DTcの信号線が断線するとともにグランド端子等に接触することによりグランド電位に保持される状態を地絡と呼ぶ。また、状態検出部DTa~DTcの信号線が断線するとともに電源端子等に接触することにより電源電位に保持される状態を天絡と呼ぶ。
バッテリECU510は、電圧検出部20により検出された各バッテリセル10の端子電圧の値を演算処理装置40を介して取得する。ここで、バッテリECU510は、あるバッテリセル10の端子電圧の値が他のバッテリセル10の端子電圧の値よりも高いと判定した場合、そのバッテリセル10に対応する均等化回路70のスイッチング素子SWをオンにする指令信号を演算処理装置40に与える。それにより、そのバッテリセル10に充電された電荷が抵抗Rを通して放電される。
本実施の形態に係るバッテリシステム500においては、状態検出部DTaの信号出力回路50は、対応する演算処理装置40により発生される選択信号SE1が“H”レベルである場合(異常検出時)に、異常信号AB1を検出信号DT1として出力する。この場合、異常信号AB1は、演算処理装置40を経由することなく信号出力回路50を経由してバッテリECU510に伝達される。そのため、中位および最下位の演算処理装置40において対応する異常検出部30から与えられる検出信号DBと異常信号AB1とに基づく判定が行われることなく、異常信号AB1が迅速にバッテリECU510に与えられる。
第2の実施の形態に係るバッテリシステム500について、第1の実施の形態に係るバッテリシステム500と異なる点を説明する。図9は、第2の実施の形態における状態検出部DTa~DTcの演算処理装置40から出力される正常信号NM1および異常信号AB1~AB3の波形を示す図である。
第3の実施の形態に係るバッテリシステム500について、第1の実施の形態に係るバッテリシステム500と異なる点を説明する。図11は、第3の実施の形態に係るバッテリシステム500の構成を示すブロック図である。図11に示すように、本実施の形態における状態検出部DTは、図1の演算処理装置40に代えて、通信回路41、選択信号発生部42および信号発生部43を有する。
バッテリモジュール100の構造について説明する。図13は、バッテリモジュール100の一例を示す外観斜視図である。なお、図13においては、矢印X,Y,Zで示すように、互いに直交する三方向をX方向、Y方向およびZ方向と定義する。なお、本例では、X方向およびY方向が水平面に平行な方向であり、Z方向が水平面に直交する方向である。また、上方向は矢印Zが向く方向である。
(1)構成および動作
電動車両について説明する。電動車両は上記の実施の形態に係るバッテリシステム500を備える。なお、以下では、電動車両の一例として電動自動車を説明する。
電動自動車600においては、上記の実施の形態に係るバッテリシステム500が設けられるので、バッテリモジュール100のバッテリセル10に異常が発生した場合、バッテリECU510を介して主制御部300は迅速かつ確実に異常を検出することができる。
上記では、図1のバッテリシステム500が電動車両に搭載される例について説明したが、バッテリシステム500が船、航空機、エレベータまたは歩行ロボット等の他の移動体に搭載されてもよい。
(1)構成および動作
電源装置について説明する。図15は、電源装置の構成を示すブロック図である。図15に示すように、電源装置700は、電力貯蔵装置710および電力変換装置720を備える。電力貯蔵装置710は、バッテリシステム群711およびコントローラ712を備える。バッテリシステム群711は複数のバッテリシステム500を含む。複数のバッテリシステム500は互いに並列に接続されてもよく、または互いに直列に接続されてもよい。
電源装置700においては、コントローラ712によりバッテリシステム群711と外部との間の電力の供給が制御される。それにより、バッテリシステム群711に含まれる各バッテリセル10の過放電および過充電が防止される。
(1)上記実施の形態において、バッテリモジュール100は、バッテリセル10の状態を示すパラメータとして、バッテリセル10の端子電圧を検出する電圧検出部20およびバッテリモジュール100の温度を検出するサーミスタTHを有するが、これに限定されない。例えば、バッテリモジュール100は、バッテリセル10の状態を示すパラメータとして複数のバッテリモジュール100に流れる電流を検出する電流検出部を有してもよい。
以下、請求項の各構成要素と実施の形態の各部との対応の例について説明するが、本発明は下記の例に限定されない。
Claims (11)
- 複数のバッテリモジュールを備え、
前記複数のバッテリモジュールの各々は、
1または複数のバッテリセルを含むバッテリセル群と、
前記バッテリセル群に対応して設けられ、対応するバッテリセル群の状態を検出する状態検出部とを含み、
各状態検出部は、
対応するバッテリセル群の異常を検出する異常検出部と、
対応するバッテリセル群の異常を示す異常信号を発生する異常信号発生部と、
対応する異常信号発生部により発生される異常信号を出力可能な信号出力回路とを含み、
前記複数のバッテリモジュールの前記状態検出部は、信号伝達に関して最上位から最下位までの関係を有し、
最上位の前記状態検出部の前記信号出力回路は、対応する異常検出部により異常が検出された場合に対応する異常信号発生部により発生された異常信号を出力し、
最上位以外の各状態検出部の前記信号出力回路は、対応する異常検出部により異常が検出された場合に対応する異常信号発生部により発生された異常信号を出力し、対応する異常検出部により異常が検出されない場合に上位の状態検出部から出力された異常信号を出力するように構成された、バッテリシステム。 - 各状態検出部は、
対応するバッテリセル群の1または複数のバッテリセルの状態を示すパラメータを検出するパラメータ検出部と、
前記パラメータ検出部により検出されたパラメータを外部に送信するための通信回路とをさらに含む、請求項1記載のバッテリシステム。 - 最上位以外の各状態検出部は、対応する異常検出部により異常が検出されたか否かに基づいて、対応する異常信号発生部により発生された異常信号または上位の状態検出部から出力される異常信号のいずれか一方を選択するための選択信号を発生する選択信号発生部をさらに含み、
最上位以外の各状態検出部の前記信号出力回路は、対応する選択信号発生部により発生される選択信号に基づいて、対応する異常信号発生部により発生された異常信号または上位の状態検出部から出力される異常信号を出力する、請求項1または2記載のバッテリシステム。 - 各状態検出部の前記異常信号発生部および前記通信回路は、演算処理装置により構成される、請求項2または3記載のバッテリシステム。
- 各状態検出部の前記異常信号発生部、前記選択信号発生部および前記通信回路は、演算処理装置により構成される、請求項3記載のバッテリシステム。
- 前記複数の状態検出部の前記異常信号発生部は、前記異常信号としてそれぞれ異なるデューティ比を有するパルス信号を発生する、請求項1~5のいずれかに記載のバッテリシステム。
- 各状態検出部の前記異常検出部は、対応するバッテリセル群からの電力により動作し、各状態検出部の前記異常信号発生部および前記信号出力回路は、前記1または複数のバッテリセルとは異なる電源からの電力により動作する、請求項1~6のいずれかに記載のバッテリシステム。
- 請求項1~7のいずれかに記載のバッテリシステムと、
前記バッテリシステムの電力により駆動されるモータと、
前記モータの回転力により回転する駆動輪とを備える、電動車両。 - 請求項1~7のいずれかに記載のバッテリシステムと、
移動本体部と、
前記バッテリシステムからの電力を前記移動本体部を移動させるための動力に変換する動力源とを備える、移動体。 - 請求項1~7のいずれかに記載のバッテリシステムと、
前記バッテリシステムの前記複数のバッテリモジュールの放電または充電に関する制御を行うシステム制御部とを備える、電力貯蔵装置。 - 外部に接続可能な電源装置であって、
請求項10記載の電力貯蔵装置と、
前記電力貯蔵装置の前記システム制御部により制御され、前記電力貯蔵装置の前記バッテリシステムと前記外部との間で電力変換を行う電力変換装置とを備える、電源装置。
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