WO2012124212A1 - エマルジョンバインダー及びそれを含有するインクジェット用水性顔料インク、並びにエマルジョンバインダーの製造方法 - Google Patents
エマルジョンバインダー及びそれを含有するインクジェット用水性顔料インク、並びにエマルジョンバインダーの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F299/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by interreacting polymers involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond reactions, in the absence of non-macromolecular monomers
- C08F299/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by interreacting polymers involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond reactions, in the absence of non-macromolecular monomers from unsaturated polycondensates
- C08F299/04—Macromolecular compounds obtained by interreacting polymers involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond reactions, in the absence of non-macromolecular monomers from unsaturated polycondensates from polyesters
- C08F299/0407—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F299/0414—Suspension or emulsion polymerisation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F293/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerisation on to a macromolecule having groups capable of inducing the formation of new polymer chains bound exclusively at one or both ends of the starting macromolecule
- C08F293/005—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerisation on to a macromolecule having groups capable of inducing the formation of new polymer chains bound exclusively at one or both ends of the starting macromolecule using free radical "living" or "controlled" polymerisation, e.g. using a complexing agent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D11/00—Inks
- C09D11/02—Printing inks
- C09D11/10—Printing inks based on artificial resins
- C09D11/106—Printing inks based on artificial resins containing macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C09D11/107—Printing inks based on artificial resins containing macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds from unsaturated acids or derivatives thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D11/00—Inks
- C09D11/30—Inkjet printing inks
- C09D11/32—Inkjet printing inks characterised by colouring agents
- C09D11/322—Pigment inks
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2982—Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an emulsion binder which is a film component suitable for an inkjet printing method, an aqueous pigment ink for inkjet containing the emulsion binder, and a method for producing an emulsion binder.
- Inkjet printers are used in a wide variety of applications with recent high functionality. For example, not only for personal use, office use, business use, recording use, color display use, and color photography use but also as an industrial inkjet printer, the use is further expanded.
- industrial inkjet printers are particularly required to be compatible with high-speed printing.
- the pigment particles have been miniaturized in order to improve the sharpness, color tone, color density, and the like.
- the size of ejected liquid droplets (ink droplets) has been reduced.
- Such improvements have resulted in excellent image quality for inkjet processed paper, especially photographic paper and wide format paper.
- it has not yet been adapted to printing on various paper qualities. In particular, depending on the type of paper, there is a new problem that the printed matter is lost when rubbed.
- a binder that forms a printed film is added to the ink.
- it can be applied to various paper quality, can form a printed film with high adhesion to various films, and has excellent ink-jet printing suitability (high-speed printability, ejection stability).
- ink-jet printing suitability high-speed printability, ejection stability.
- binders paper and film are also referred to as “base material”.
- the ink may dry in the head of the printing press. For this reason, even when the inkjet ink is dried and fixed in the head, it needs to be re-dissolvable so that it can be easily dissolved or dispersed in a cleaning liquid or the like.
- binders for film formation have been developed in recent years. Specifically, solutions and emulsions containing water-soluble polymers such as acrylic, urethane, and vinyl that can become normal film components are known as binders.
- water-soluble polymers such as acrylic, urethane, and vinyl that can become normal film components
- binders since the water-soluble polymer is a component that dissolves in the aqueous medium of the aqueous pigment ink, there is a problem that the viscosity of the ink increases.
- Some water-soluble polymers improve the water solubility by increasing the carboxyl group concentration and neutralizing with an alkali neutralized product. Such a polymer certainly has good re-solubility, but most of the polymer is dissolved in an aqueous medium.
- the viscosity of the ink tends to be further increased.
- the ink exhibits non-Newtonian viscosity and may not be ejected satisfactorily from the head.
- membrane formed may not be favorable.
- aqueous dispersion or emulsion emulsion
- a binder can reduce the viscosity of the ink and has a low carboxyl group concentration in the polymer, so that the water resistance of the formed film is improved.
- the polymer itself is hydrophobic, the adhesion between the formed film and the substrate is improved.
- the re-solubility of the ink tends to be poor. For this reason, it is necessary to use a water-soluble solvent.
- the present invention has been made in view of such problems of the prior art, and the problem is that the printing has excellent discharge stability and water resistance and adhesion to a substrate.
- an emulsion binder capable of forming a film and capable of preparing an aqueous pigment ink for inkjet which can be easily removed by re-dissolution even after drying at a discharge port (head), etc., and a method for producing the same is there.
- the subject of the present invention is that it has excellent ejection stability, can form a printing film with excellent water resistance and adhesion to a substrate, and is dried at an ejection port (head) or the like. It is an object of the present invention to provide an aqueous pigment ink for inkjet which can be easily dissolved and removed again.
- an acrylic polymer comprising a substantially water-insoluble A polymer block that is a highly adhesive film component and a highly water-soluble B polymer block containing a high concentration of carboxyl groups.
- an emulsion binder containing an AB block copolymer containing an A polymer block and a B polymer block, wherein 90% by mass or more of the constituent components are (meth) acrylate monomers,
- the number average molecular weight of the B block copolymer is 5,000 to 100,000, the molecular weight distribution (weight average molecular weight / number average molecular weight) is 1.7 or less, and the acid value of the A polymer block is 0 to 30 mgKOH / G, the glass transition point is 60 ° C.
- the acid value of the B polymer block is 75 to 250 mgKOH / g
- the AB block copolymer is neutralized with an alkaline substance to be contained in an aqueous medium.
- Self-emulsified, and emulsion particles with a number average particle size of 30 to 300 nm are formed.
- Emulsion binder is provided, characterized and.
- an aqueous pigment ink for ink-jet which comprises a pigment and a film-forming binder, wherein the film-forming binder is the emulsion binder described above.
- the pigment has a color index number (CI) pigment blue of 15: 3 and 15: 4; I. Pigment Red-122 and 269; C.I. I. Pigment violet-19; C.I. I. Pigment yellow-74, 155, 180, and 183; I. Pigment Green-7, 36, and 58; C.I. I. Pigment orange-43; C.I. I. Pigment black-7; I. Pigment White-6 is at least one selected from the group consisting of Pigment White-6, the number average primary particle size is less than 350 nm, and the content ratio of the pigment to the total amount of ink (100% by mass) is 4 to 15% by mass
- the content of the film-forming binder is preferably 5 to 20% by mass.
- a method for producing the above emulsion binder wherein at least an iodine compound is used as a polymerization initiating compound, and the (meth) acrylate monomer is subjected to living radical polymerization to produce the AB block copolymer.
- a method for producing an emulsion binder comprising the step of synthesizing.
- a phosphorus compound group consisting of phosphorus halide, a phosphite compound, and a phosphinate compound a nitrogen compound group consisting of an imide compound; an oxygen compound group consisting of a phenol compound; and a diphenylmethane compound
- the polymerization temperature at the time of the living radical polymerization is preferably 30 to 50 ° C.
- the living radical polymerization is carried out in a water-soluble organic solvent, neutralized by adding an alkaline substance, and then mixed with water to self-emulsify the AB block copolymer.
- the specific block copolymer contained in the emulsion binder of the present invention does not dissolve when present in the ink, but may exist as particles. For this reason, if the emulsion binder of this invention is used, the aqueous pigment ink for inkjets which has a low viscosity, is excellent in discharge stability, and can be applied to high-speed printing can be provided. Moreover, if the emulsion binder of this invention is used, the aqueous pigment ink for inkjets which can form the printing film which has water resistance and the outstanding adhesiveness with respect to base materials, such as paper and a film, can be prepared.
- emulsion binder of the present invention it is possible to prepare an aqueous pigment ink for inkjet which can be easily removed (has re-dissolvability) by being redissolved even when dried at a discharge port (head) or the like.
- the polymer contained in the emulsion binder of the present invention is an AB block copolymer in which 90% by mass or more of the constituent components are (meth) acrylate monomers.
- the AB block copolymer has a number average molecular weight of 5,000 to 100,000 and a molecular weight distribution (weight average molecular weight / number average molecular weight) of 1.7 or less.
- the AB block copolymer includes an A polymer block and a B polymer block.
- the A polymer block is a substantially water-insoluble polymer block having an acid value of 0 to 30 mg KOH / g and a glass transition point of 60 ° C. or less.
- the B polymer block is a substantially water-soluble polymer block having an acid value of 75 to 250 mgKOH / g.
- the constituent components 90% by mass or more, preferably 95% by mass or more of the constituent components are (meth) acrylate monomers.
- a conventionally well-known thing is used as a (meth) acrylate type monomer, It does not specifically limit.
- “other addition polymerizable monomer” may be used together with the (meth) acrylate monomer.
- “other addition polymerizable monomers” include styrene, vinyl toluene, (meth) acrylamide monomers, (meth) acrylonitrile monomers, vinyl alkanoic monomers, and the like.
- the acid value of the AB block copolymer is within a specific numerical range. Therefore, it is preferable to use a (meth) acrylic acid-based compound having an acid group as a monomer constituting the AB block copolymer.
- the acid group include a carboxyl group, a sulfonic acid group, and a phosphoric acid group.
- the (meth) acrylic acid type compound which has a carboxyl group from water resistance and availability.
- Examples of the (meth) acrylic acid-based compound having a carboxyl group include (meth) acrylic acid, acrylic acid dimer, itaconic acid, maleic acid, phthalic acid, crotonic acid, dibasic acids such as phthalic acid and maleic acid And monomers obtained by half-esterifying a hydroxyl group-containing monomer such as 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate.
- (meth) acrylic acid is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of polymerizability.
- the AB block copolymer is a block copolymer in which two blocks are bonded.
- a polymer block one polymer block
- B polymer block the other polymer block
- the A polymer block is a polymer block obtained by appropriately selecting and polymerizing the various monomers described above.
- the acid value of the A polymer block is 0 to 30 mgKOH / g, preferably 0 to 20 mgKOH / g. Since the acid value is in the above range, the A polymer block is substantially insoluble in water. For this reason, when the AB block copolymer containing the A polymer block is dispersed in an aqueous medium and emulsified, the A polymer block is considered to be a part that forms particles.
- grains can be adjusted by including a small amount of acid groups in A polymer block within the range of said acid value.
- the glass transition point of the A polymer block (hereinafter also referred to as “Tg”) is 60 ° C. or less, preferably 5 to 50 ° C. Since Tg is in the above range, the film forming property of the emulsion binder is improved. More preferable Tg is room temperature (25 ° C.) or less, but if Tg is 60 ° C. or less, the film forming property can be improved by adding a film forming aid to the ink.
- the Tg of the A polymer block may be measured by thermal analysis after the A polymer block is polymerized, or may be obtained simply.
- a polymer (copolymer) obtained by copolymerizing monomers of the x component assuming that the mass (g) of each monomer is “W 1 , W 2 ,... W x ”, the homopolymer of each monomer Assuming that Tg (° C.) is “T 1 , T 2 ,... T x ”, the Tg (T (° C.)) of this copolymer can be calculated from the following formula (1).
- 1 / T W 1 / (T 1 +273) + W 2 / (T 2 +273) +... W x / (T x +273) (1)
- Tg value of the homopolymer the value described in “Polymer Handbook 4th Edition” may be used, or other values from various documents may be used. In the present invention, the values described in “Polymer Handbook 4th Edition” are used.
- the presence of the A polymer block makes the AB block copolymer into particles and is substantially insoluble in water. For this reason, the viscosity of the emulsion binder containing the AB block copolymer is low. Therefore, even when this emulsion binder is added to the ink, the ink ejection stability is improved without significantly increasing the viscosity of the ink.
- the AB block copolymer is substantially insoluble in water, if an ink using an emulsion binder containing the AB block copolymer is used, a printed film showing high adhesion to the substrate. Can be formed.
- the acid value of the B polymer block is 75 to 250 mgKOH / g, preferably 100 to 200 mgKOH / g. Since the acid value is in the above range, the B polymer block is substantially soluble in water. When the acid value of the B polymer block is less than 75 mgKOH / g, re-solubility is lowered. On the other hand, if the acid value of the B polymer block exceeds 250 mgKOH / g, the water resistance of the formed printed film may be inferior.
- the B polymer block becomes a water-soluble polymer block by neutralizing the acid group in the B polymer block with an alkaline substance such as ammonia, amine, or sodium hydroxide.
- the B polymer block When the A polymer block is granulated, the B polymer block is dissolved in water. Thereby, the particle diameter of the AB block copolymer is controlled, and the AB block copolymer particles can be stably present (dispersed) in the aqueous medium. Further, the aqueous pigment ink for ink jet prepared using the AB block copolymer exhibits excellent re-solubility due to the high water solubility of the B polymer block even when dried with a head.
- B polymer block is a block which shows the solubility with respect to water. Therefore, an ink using an emulsion binder containing an AB block copolymer having a B polymer block can be easily dissolved in a cleaning solution such as water, even if dried at a discharge port (head) or the like. Excellent redispersibility.
- the number average molecular weight (hereinafter also referred to as “Mn”) of the AB block copolymer is 5,000 to 100,000, preferably 8,000 to 50,000.
- Mn is a polystyrene conversion value measured by a gel permeation chromatograph (hereinafter also referred to as “GPC”) unless otherwise specified.
- the Mn of the AB block copolymer is the sum of Mn of the A polymer block and Mn of the B polymer block. Accordingly, the Mn of the A polymer block and the B polymer block is not particularly limited as long as the Mn of the AB block copolymer is within the above numerical range.
- the Mn of the AB block copolymer is less than 5,000, the molecular weight is too small, and it is difficult to improve physical properties such as adhesion of a printed film formed using the aqueous pigment ink for inkjet. On the other hand, if Mn of the AB block copolymer is too large, re-solubility is not imparted to the aqueous pigment ink for inkjet.
- PDI Molecular weight distribution
- Mw weight average molecular weight
- Mn number average molecular weight
- the mass ratio of the A polymer block to the B polymer block is within the above range, the water-insoluble part (A polymer block) and the water-soluble part (B polymer block) constituting the AB block copolymer Balance becomes good.
- the AB block copolymer can be synthesized, for example, by polymerizing one polymer block, and then adding a monomer component constituting the other polymer block and further polymerizing.
- a monomer component constituting the other polymer block and further polymerizing when the PDI of one polymer block to be polymerized first is large, the PDI of the other polymer block to be polymerized later is further increased.
- the PDI of the obtained AB block copolymer is too large, it is difficult to emulsify the AB block copolymer, and the redissolvability of the aqueous pigment ink for inkjet tends to be insufficient.
- the PDI of one polymer block to be polymerized is narrowed to some extent, and the AB block copolymer finally obtained has a PDI of 1.7 or less, so that the AB block copolymer can be satisfactorily emulsified.
- the emulsion binder of the present invention is obtained by neutralizing an AB block copolymer with an alkaline substance and self-emulsifying in an aqueous medium to form emulsion particles.
- the number average particle diameter of the formed emulsion particles is 30 to 300 nm, preferably 50 to 200 nm. If the number average particle diameter of the emulsion particles is less than 30 nm, the emulsion particles may be too fine and the viscosity of the ink may increase. On the other hand, when the number average particle diameter of the emulsion particles exceeds 300 nm, the inkjet head is likely to become clogged, and it may be difficult to discharge.
- the AB block copolymer is added as it is after polymerization or once taken out, and then an alkaline substance is added in an aqueous medium to neutralize the acid group of the AB block copolymer.
- the A polymer block is a block that is substantially insoluble in water, it contributes to the particle formation of the AB block copolymer.
- the B polymer block is a substantially water-soluble block, the AB block copolymer is self-emulsified to form stable emulsion particles.
- the number average particle diameter of the emulsion particles can be measured by a conventionally known method.
- the number average particle size in the present invention can be measured by a particle size measuring device by light scattering (for example, trade name “N4PLUS”, manufactured by COULTER).
- the alkaline substance used to neutralize the acid group of the AB block copolymer is not particularly limited, but ammonia; organic amines such as triethylamine, dimethylaminoethanol, and triethanolamine; sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide
- ammonia organic amines such as triethylamine, dimethylaminoethanol, and triethanolamine
- sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide The alkali metal hydroxide can be mentioned.
- the aqueous medium may be water alone or a mixed solvent of water and a water-soluble organic solvent.
- water-soluble organic solvents include water-soluble lower aliphatic alcohols such as ethanol and isopropanol; ketone-based water-soluble solvents such as acetone; water-soluble ester solvents such as ethyl lactate; tetrahydrofuran, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, and the like.
- Water-soluble ether solvents include water-soluble glycol solvents such as propylene glycol, ethylene glycol and monoalkyl ethers thereof; water-soluble amide solvents such as N-methylpyrrolidone; water-soluble polyol solvents such as glycerin and 1,2-hexanediol And so on.
- these water-soluble organic solvents can be used individually by 1 type or in combination of 2 or more types. The amount of the water-soluble organic solvent used in combination is arbitrary.
- the emulsion binder of the present invention after the AB block copolymer is polymerized in a water-soluble organic solvent, (i) an aqueous solution of an alkaline substance is added to neutralize the acid groups of the AB block copolymer and self-emulsify. It is preferable to prepare by (ii) adding an alkali substance to neutralize the acid group of the AB block copolymer, and then adding water to self-emulsify. By preparing the emulsion binder in this way, it is possible to achieve fine particle formation without precipitation or thickening.
- the aqueous pigment ink for inkjet according to the present invention contains a pigment and a binder for film formation. And this binder for film formation is the above-mentioned emulsion binder.
- the above-mentioned emulsion binder as a film-forming binder, it is possible to form a print film that has high-speed printability and excellent discharge stability, and excellent water resistance and adhesion to a substrate, and a discharge port. Even if it dries with a (head) etc., it can be dissolved again and it can be set as the water-based pigment-dispersed ink for inkjet which can be removed easily.
- the ratio of the emulsion binder contained in the aqueous pigment ink for inkjet of the present invention is preferably 5 to 20% by mass in terms of solid content with respect to the total amount of ink (100% by mass), and is preferably 7.5 to More preferably, it is 15 mass%.
- pigment conventionally used organic pigments and inorganic pigments can be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- Specific examples of the pigment include carbon black pigment, quinacridone pigment, phthalocyanine pigment, benzimidazolone pigment, isoindolinone pigment, azo pigment, titanium oxide pigment and the like.
- pigments used in inkjet inks Color Index Number (CI) Pigment Blue-15: 3 and 15: 4; I. Pigment Red-122 and 269; C.I. I. Pigment violet-19; C.I. I. Pigment yellow-74, 155, 180, and 183; I. Pigment Green-7, 36, and 58; C.I. I. Pigment orange-43; C.I. I. Pigment black-7; I. At least one selected from the group consisting of CI Pigment White-6 is preferred.
- the number average primary particle diameter of the pigment is preferably less than 350 nm, and in the case of an organic pigment, it is preferably 150 nm or less.
- the number average primary particle diameter of these pigments is preferably 150 nm or less.
- the number average primary particle size of CI Pigment White-6 is preferably 300 nm or less. In particular, considering the clogging of the head and the sharpness of the formed image, it is preferable that the number average primary particle diameter is small.
- the pigment may be a self-dispersing pigment having a functional group introduced on its surface, or a treated pigment whose surface is treated or encapsulated with a surface treatment agent such as a coupling agent or an activator or a resin. But you can.
- the ratio of the pigment contained in the aqueous pigment ink for inkjet is preferably 2 to 15% by mass, and more preferably 4 to 10% by mass with respect to the total amount of ink (100% by mass).
- the aqueous pigment ink for ink jet preferably contains a pigment dispersant.
- a pigment dispersant when a normal pigment (inorganic pigment, organic pigment) having no self-dispersibility is used without using a self-dispersing pigment as the pigment, these pigments are preferable because they can be dispersed in a suitable state.
- a conventionally well-known thing can be used as a pigment dispersant, and it is not specifically limited.
- Specific examples of the pigment dispersant include random polymers such as acrylic polymers and styrene polymers, block copolymer dispersants, graft polymer dispersants, star polymer dispersants, hyperbranch dispersants, and the like.
- the ratio of the pigment dispersant contained in the aqueous pigment ink for inkjet is preferably 0.5 to 15% by mass, and preferably 2 to 10% by mass with respect to the total amount of ink (100% by mass). Further preferred.
- the ink-jet aqueous pigment ink of the present invention may further contain “other components” other than the pigment and the pigment dispersant as necessary.
- “other components” include media and various additives.
- Examples of the medium include water and the aforementioned water-soluble organic solvent.
- Specific examples of the water-soluble organic solvent include diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, triethylene glycol monobutyl ether, glycerin, propylene glycol, 1,2-hexanediol, 2-pyrrolidone, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and the like.
- the ratio of the water-soluble organic solvent contained in the inkjet aqueous pigment ink is preferably 1 to 40% by mass, and more preferably 5 to 20% by mass with respect to the total amount of ink (100% by mass).
- additives include surfactants, pigment derivatives, dyes, leveling agents, antifoaming agents, ultraviolet absorbers and the like.
- the content ratio of these additives is not particularly limited as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- the method for producing an emulsion binder of the present invention comprises a step of synthesizing an AB block copolymer by living radical polymerization of a (meth) acrylate monomer using at least an iodine compound as a polymerization initiating compound. The details will be described below.
- the AB block copolymer can also be synthesized by a conventional living radical polymerization method.
- the AB block copolymer is synthesized by living radical polymerization of the aforementioned (meth) acrylate monomer.
- living radical polymerization an iodine compound is used as a polymerization initiating compound.
- iodine radicals generated by heat or light react with the monomer to generate polymer terminal radicals. Sequentially generated iodine radicals are bonded and stabilized with polymer terminal radicals, so that the termination reaction can be prevented. Since living radical polymerization proceeds by this repetition, the molecular weight and structure of the resulting AB block copolymer can be easily controlled.
- the iodine compound is not particularly limited as long as it can generate iodine radicals by the action of heat or light.
- Specific examples of the iodine compound include alkyl iodides such as 2-iodo-1-phenylethane and 1-iodo-1-phenylethane; 2-cyano-2-iodopropane, 2-cyano-2-iodobutane, 1-iodobutane, And cyano group-containing iodides such as cyano-1-iodocyclohexane and 2-cyano-2-iodovaleronitrile.
- iodine compounds may be used as they are, or iodine compounds synthesized by a conventionally known method may be used.
- the iodine compound can be obtained, for example, by reacting an azo compound such as azobisisobutyronitrile with iodine. Also, together with organic halides having halogen atoms other than iodine such as bromine and chlorine, and iodide salts such as quaternary ammonium iodide and sodium iodide, a halogen exchange reaction is caused in the reaction system. An iodine compound may be generated.
- a catalyst capable of generating iodine radicals by extracting iodine atoms from iodine compounds examples include phosphorus compounds such as phosphorus halides, phosphite compounds and phosphinate compounds; nitrogen compounds such as imide compounds; oxygen compounds such as phenol compounds; diphenylmethane compounds and cyclopentadiene. And hydrocarbon compounds containing an active carbon atom such as a series compound. In addition, you may use these catalysts individually by 1 type or in combination of 2 or more types.
- the phosphorus compound examples include phosphorus triiodide, diethyl phosphite, dibutyl phosphite, ethoxyphenyl phosphinate, and phenylphenoxy phosphinate.
- Specific examples of the nitrogen compound include succinimide, 2,2-dimethylsuccinimide, maleimide, phthalimide, N-iodosuccinimide, hydantoin and the like.
- the oxygen-based compound include phenol, hydroquinone, methoxyhydroquinone, t-butylphenol, catechol, di-t-butylhydroxytoluene and the like.
- hydrocarbon compound examples include cyclohexadiene and diphenylmethane.
- the usage amount (number of moles) of the catalyst is less than the usage amount (number of moles) of the polymerization initiator described later. If the amount of catalyst used is too large, polymerization may not proceed easily.
- the temperature during living radical polymerization is preferably 30 to 50 ° C.
- methacrylic acid used as the (meth) acrylic acid compound having an acid group
- the temperature is too high, iodine radicals at the polymerization terminal are easily decomposed by methacrylic acid, and the formed polymer terminal is not stabilized, and living radical polymerization may not proceed easily.
- a polymerization initiator so that iodine radicals are easily generated.
- this polymerization initiator conventionally known compounds such as azo initiators and peroxide initiators are used.
- the polymerization initiator is preferably a compound that can sufficiently generate iodine radicals at the above polymerization temperature.
- Specific examples include azo initiators such as 2,2'-azobis (4-methoxy-2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile).
- the amount of the polymerization initiator used is preferably 0.001 to 0.1 mol times, more preferably 0.002 to 0.05 mol times the monomer to be polymerized.
- the living radical polymerization may not proceed sufficiently.
- the amount of the polymerization initiator used is too large, normal radical polymerization that is not living radical polymerization may proceed as a side reaction.
- Living radical polymerization may be bulk polymerization without using an organic solvent, but is preferably solution polymerization using a solvent.
- the solvent is preferably a solvent that can dissolve the iodine compound, the catalyst, the monomer, and the polymerization initiator. Of these, a water-soluble organic solvent is preferable in consideration of dispersing the pigment.
- the solid content concentration (monomer concentration) of the polymerization solution is not particularly limited, but is preferably 5 to 80% by mass, more preferably 20 to 60% by mass. If the solid content concentration is less than 5% by mass, the monomer concentration may be too low to complete the polymerization. On the other hand, when the solid content concentration exceeds 80% by mass, it becomes substantially bulk polymerization and the viscosity of the polymerization solution becomes too high. For this reason, stirring becomes difficult and the polymerization yield tends to decrease.
- the living radical polymerization is preferably performed until the monomer runs out.
- the polymerization time is preferably 0.5 to 48 hours, and more preferably 1 to 24 hours.
- the polymerization atmosphere is not particularly limited, and may be an atmosphere in which oxygen exists within a normal range or a nitrogen stream atmosphere.
- polymerization may use what removed the impurity by distillation, activated carbon treatment, an alumina treatment, etc., and may use a commercial item as it is.
- polymerization may be performed under light shielding, or polymerization may be performed in a transparent container such as glass.
- the polymerization sequence of the AB block copolymer it is preferable that (i) a hydrophobic monomer is polymerized to form an A polymer block, and then (ii) a monomer constituting the B polymer block is added and further polymerized.
- the monomer constituting the B polymer block is polymerized first, the polymerization may not be completed and a monomer having an acid group such as methacrylic acid may remain in the reaction system. In such a case, the monomer having an acid group is easily introduced into the A polymer block, and the hydrophobicity of the formed A polymer block may be impaired (the acid value exceeds a predetermined range) in some cases.
- the component of the AB block copolymer to be obtained can be obtained even when the polymerization is not completed and the monomer remains in the reaction system. If the B polymer block is introduced so that 90% by mass or more is a (meth) acrylate monomer, an AB block copolymer can be easily obtained.
- the molecular weight of the resulting AB block copolymer can be controlled by adjusting the amount of the polymerization initiating compound (iodine compound) used.
- the theoretical molecular weight of the AB block copolymer can be calculated by the following formula (2).
- the above “molecular weight” is a concept including both the number average molecular weight (Mn) and the weight average molecular weight (Mw).
- “Theoretical molecular weight of AB block copolymer” “1 mol of polymerization initiating compound” ⁇ “monomer molecular weight” ⁇ “number of moles of monomer / number of moles of polymerization initiating compound” (2)
- the above-mentioned living radical polymerization may involve a bimolecular termination or a disproportionation side reaction, so that an AB block copolymer having the above theoretical molecular weight may not be obtained.
- the AB block copolymer is preferably obtained without causing these side reactions.
- the molecular weight of the AB block copolymer obtained by coupling is somewhat increased, the molecular weight of the AB block copolymer obtained by stopping the polymerization reaction may be slightly decreased.
- the polymerization rate may not be 100%.
- the polymerization may be completed by adding a polymerization initiator or a catalyst and consuming the remaining monomer. That is, an AB block copolymer may be generated.
- the obtained AB block copolymer may remain in a state in which iodine atoms derived from the iodine compound used as the polymerization initiating compound are bonded, but it is preferable to desorb iodine atoms.
- the method for desorbing iodine atoms from the AB block copolymer is not particularly limited as long as it is a conventionally known method. Specifically, the AB block copolymer may be heated or treated with an acid or alkali. Further, the AB block copolymer may be treated with sodium thiosulfate or the like.
- the detached iodine is preferably removed by treatment with an iodine adsorbent such as activated carbon or alumina.
- an emulsion binder containing emulsion particles having a number average particle diameter of 30 to 300 nm can be obtained.
- the above living radical polymerization is carried out in a water-soluble organic solvent, (ii) and then neutralized by adding an alkaline substance to the reaction system, and (iii) then mixed with water. It is preferable to self emulsify the AB block copolymer. Thereby, the number average particle diameter of the formed emulsion particles can be easily adjusted.
- the water-based pigment ink for inkjet uses (i) a pigment dispersion in an aqueous medium to obtain a pigment dispersion, (ii) a mixture of the obtained pigment dispersion and an emulsion binder, and (iii) if necessary. It can manufacture by adding an additive etc.
- the pigment dispersion can be prepared by a conventionally known method.
- a pigment dispersion can be obtained by mixing a pigment, a pigment dispersant, and an aqueous medium and adding an additive such as an activator as necessary.
- an organic pigment is used as the pigment
- the proportion of the organic pigment contained in the pigment dispersion is preferably 10 to 30% by mass with respect to the total amount of the ink.
- the proportion of the inorganic pigment contained in the pigment dispersion is preferably 40 to 70% by mass with respect to the total amount of the ink.
- the ratio of the pigment dispersant contained in the pigment dispersion is preferably 5 to 30 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the pigment.
- a kneader such as a kneader, two rolls, three rolls, Miracle KCK (trade name, manufactured by Asada Steel Corporation); an ultrasonic disperser; a microfluidizer (Mizuho) Use a high-pressure homogenizer such as Nanomizer (trade name, manufactured by Yoshida Kikai Kogyo Co., Ltd.), Starburst (trade name, manufactured by Sugino Machine Co., Ltd.), G-smasher (trade name, manufactured by Rix Corporation), etc. Can do. Also, those using bead media such as a ball mill, a sand mill, a horizontal media mill disperser, and a colloid mill can be used.
- the number average primary particle diameter of the organic pigment in the pigment dispersion is preferably 150 nm or less when an organic pigment is used. Moreover, when using an inorganic pigment, it is preferable that the number average primary particle diameter of the inorganic pigment in a pigment dispersion is 300 nm or less.
- a pigment dispersion in which a pigment is dispersed with a desired particle size distribution for example, (i) reducing the size of the grinding media of the disperser, (ii) increasing the filling rate of the grinding media, (iii) Methods such as increasing the processing time, (iv) decreasing the discharge speed, and (v) classifying with a filter or a centrifuge after pulverization are used. Moreover, you may combine these methods. Further, a pigment finely divided in advance by a conventionally known method such as a salt milling method may be used. After mixing and dispersing each component, it is preferable to remove coarse particles with a centrifuge or a filter.
- the aqueous pigment ink for inkjet according to the present invention can be obtained by mixing the obtained pigment dispersion, aqueous medium, emulsion binder which is a film-forming binder, and additives used as necessary according to a conventional method.
- the surface tension of the aqueous pigment ink for inkjet is preferably 20 to 40 mN / m.
- a surfactant to the aqueous pigment ink for inkjet.
- a conventionally well-known thing can be used as surfactant. If the amount of the surfactant added is too large, the dispersion stability of the pigment may be impaired. For this reason, the ratio of the surfactant contained in the aqueous pigment ink for inkjet is preferably 0.01 to 5% by mass, and more preferably 0.1 to 2% by mass.
- the viscosity of the aqueous pigment ink for inkjet according to the present invention is not particularly limited, but is preferably 2 to 10 mPa ⁇ s when an organic pigment is used. Further, when an inorganic pigment is used, it is preferably 5 to 30 mPa ⁇ s.
- Example 1 Preparation of emulsion binder (1)
- DMDG diethylene glycol dimethyl ether
- V-70 2,2′-azobis (4-methoxy-2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile)
- BzMA benzyl methacrylate
- HEMA 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate 13 parts
- MMA methyl methacrylate
- MAA methacrylic acid
- 0. 45 parts of the mixture was added and polymerization was carried out for 4.5 hours to form a B polymer block to obtain an AB block copolymer solution.
- the polymerization rate was about 100%.
- structural units derived from residual monomers BzMA and HEMA were included.
- the composition of the B polymer block calculated from the yield was MMA / MAA / residual monomer ⁇ 71 / 17/12.
- the acid value of the B polymer block calculated from the MAA content was 110 mgKOH / g.
- the obtained AB block copolymer had a Mn of 14,000 and a PDI of 1.45.
- phenolphthalein was added as an indicator, and 0.1N KOH was added. Neutralization titration was performed with an ethanol solution.
- the acid value of the AB block copolymer was 69.0 mgKOH / g.
- Example 2 Preparation of emulsion binder (2)
- DMDG 362.3 parts, iodine 1.0 parts, V-70 4.9 parts, MMA 105 parts, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate (hereinafter referred to as “2EHMA”) 148.5 parts, HEMA 45.5 parts, and diphenylmethane 0
- 2EHMA 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate
- the obtained A polymer block had Mn of 22,000, PDI of 1.56, polymer composition of MMA / 2EHMA / HEMA ⁇ 35 / 50/15, Tg calculated by theoretical calculation of 31.5 ° C., acid value was 0 mg KOH / g.
- a part of the sampled solution was added to water, a soft polymer was precipitated. Thereby, it was confirmed that the obtained A polymer block was a polymer substantially insoluble in water.
- Polymerization was carried out for 6 hours in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a mixture of 40 parts of MMA, 17.2 parts of MAA, and 0.6 part of V-70 was added to the solution of the obtained A polymer block.
- a B polymer block was formed to obtain a AB block copolymer solution.
- the polymerization rate was about 100%.
- the composition of the B polymer block calculated from the yield was MMA / MAA / residual monomer ⁇ 35 / 15/50. Further, the acid value of the B polymer block calculated from the MAA content was 97.8 mgKOH / g.
- the obtained AB block copolymer had an Mn of 28,000, a PDI of 1.67, and an acid value of 31.0 mgKOH / g.
- Example 3 Preparation of emulsion binder (3)
- DMDG 197.1 parts, iodine 0.4 parts, V-70 2.4 parts, MMA 54 parts, butyl methacrylate (hereinafter referred to as “BMA”) 49 parts, dodecyl methacrylate (hereinafter referred to as “LMA”)
- BMA butyl methacrylate
- LMA dodecyl methacrylate
- a polymer block solution was obtained. The polymerization rate was about 100%.
- Mn of the obtained A polymer block was 30,000, PDI was 1.61, polymer composition was MMA / BMA / LMA / MAA ⁇ 35 / 31/32/2 Tg calculated by theoretical calculation was 7.7 ° C.
- the acid value was 12.6 mgKOH / g.
- Polymerization was carried out for 6 hours in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a mixed solution of 24 parts of MMA, 13.6 parts of MAA, and 0.6 part of V-70 was added to the solution of the obtained A polymer block. As a result, a B polymer block was formed to obtain a AB block copolymer solution. The polymerization rate was about 100%.
- the composition of the B polymer block calculated from the yield was MMA / MAA ⁇ 64 / 36.
- the acid value of the B polymer block calculated from the content of MAA was 235 mgKOH / g.
- the obtained AB block copolymer had an Mn of 35,000, a PDI of 1.62, and an acid value of 55 mgKOH / g.
- a mixture of 12.9 parts of 28% aqueous ammonia and 12.9 parts of water was added, a bluish, cloudy, highly viscous liquid was obtained. .
- a bluish low-viscosity white emulsion (emulsion binder (3)) was obtained.
- the viscosity of the white emulsion measured with a B-type viscometer was 56.1 mPa ⁇ s, and the solid content concentration was 24.9%.
- the number average particle diameter of the emulsion particles was 132 nm.
- Example 2 Emulsion polymer (1) Except for not using iodine and diphenylmethane, the first-stage polymerization was carried out in the same manner as in Example 2 to obtain a solution of the first-stage polymer block. The polymerization rate was 98%. The obtained first-stage polymer block had Mn of 37,000 and PDI of 1.90. Using the obtained first-stage polymer block solution, polymerization was carried out for 6 hours in the same manner as in Example 2 to form a second-stage polymer block to obtain a block polymer solution. The polymerization rate was about 100%. The obtained block polymer had Mn of 27,000 and PDI of 1.95.
- the reason for not emulsifying can be considered as follows.
- Examples 1 to 3 it is considered that the water-insoluble A polymer block was formed into particles while the water-soluble B polymer block was self-emulsified. For this reason, it is thought that the emulsion of the favorable state was obtained.
- Comparative Example 2 since the first-stage polymer block and the second-stage polymer block are different polymers having independent structures, the second-stage polymer successfully emulsifies the first-stage polymer. It is thought that they could not be made. From this, it is clear that the AB block copolymer can be emulsified (emulsified and stabilized) in a good state by having a specific structure.
- the prepared monomer mixed liquid was put into the dropping funnel, and after adding 1/4 amount, the remainder was dripped over 1.5 hours.
- the polymer solution was obtained by further aging at 70 ° C. for 4 hours.
- the obtained polymer solution was a cloudy white emulsion, and some deposits were observed in the reaction system and on the stirring shaft.
- emulsion polymer (2) a slightly transparent white emulsion (emulsion polymer (2)) was obtained.
- the viscosity of the obtained white emulsion measured with a B-type viscometer was 23 mPa ⁇ s, and the solid content concentration was 25.1%.
- the number average particle diameter of the emulsion particles was 104 nm.
- Mn of the obtained polymer was 123,000 and PDI was 3.63.
- the acid value of the obtained polymer was lower than the acid value of the A polymer block obtained in Example 3.
- Pigment Red-122 dimethylquinacridone pigment, manufactured by Dainichi Seika Kogyo Co., Ltd.
- styrene acrylic acid copolymer Mn: 5,000, acid value: 215 mgKOH / g
- ammonia aqueous solution solid content concentration: 20 %) 200 parts
- butyl diglycol 80 parts and water 320 parts were mixed and stirred with a disper to prepare a mill base.
- the obtained dispersion is centrifuged (7,500 rpm, 20 minutes), filtered through a membrane filter having a pore size of 10 ⁇ m, and ion exchange water is added to obtain a red pigment dispersion (1) having a pigment concentration of 14%. Obtained.
- the number average particle size of the pigment particles contained in the obtained red pigment dispersion (1) was measured to be 122 nm.
- the viscosity of the red pigment dispersion (1) measured with a B-type viscometer was 3.59 mPa ⁇ s.
- red pigment dispersion (1) 40 parts of the obtained red pigment dispersion (1), 24.4 parts of the emulsion binder (1) obtained in Example 1, 1.8 parts of BDG, 5 parts of 1,2-hexanediol, 10 parts of glycerin, “Surfinol 465 ”(trade name, manufactured by Air Products) and 17.6 parts of water were mixed and sufficiently stirred, and then filtered through a membrane filter having a pore size of 10 ⁇ m to obtain a red inkjet ink (1).
- the viscosity of the obtained red inkjet ink (1) was 2.81 mPa ⁇ s.
- Red inkjet ink (2) A red inkjet ink (2) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 4 except that the water-soluble polymer obtained in Comparative Example 1 was used in place of the emulsion binder (1).
- the viscosity of the obtained red inkjet ink (2) was 5.69 mPa ⁇ s. The high viscosity is considered to be due to the use of a water-soluble polymer.
- Example 5 to 7 Preparation of blue inkjet ink (1), yellow inkjet ink (1), black inkjet ink (1)
- red pigment CI Pigment Red-122
- C.I. I. Pigment Blue-15: 3 manufactured by Dainichi Seika Kogyo Co., Ltd., cyanine blue-A220JC
- C.I. I. Pigment Yellow-74 manufactured by Dainichi Seika Kogyo Co., Ltd., Seika First Yellow-2016G
- Table 1 shows the number average particle diameter of the pigment particles contained in the obtained pigment dispersion and the measurement results of the viscosity of the pigment dispersion.
- a blue inkjet ink (1), a yellow inkjet ink (1), and a black inkjet ink (1) were obtained in the same manner as in Example 4 except that the obtained pigment dispersion of each color was used.
- Table 2 shows the measurement results of the viscosity of the obtained ink.
- the ink-jet ink obtained in Comparative Example 4 has a high viscosity due to the use of a water-soluble polymer, and there are many dissolved polymers. For this reason, it is considered that the discharge stability is lowered due to the non-Newtonian viscosity.
- the ink-jet inks obtained in Examples 4 to 7 are considered to have a low viscosity due to their film-forming components (film-forming binder) being granulated, and the discharge stability is remarkably improved.
- the printer was temporarily stopped and left for 24 hours. After leaving, solid printing was performed again.
- the AB block copolymer contained in the ink-jet inks obtained in Examples 4 to 7 has a high acid value of the B polymer block and easily dissolves in water. It seems that it has become possible.
- An inkjet ink was prepared using the emulsion binder (2) obtained in Example 2, and the printability was evaluated in the same manner. As a result, the same results as those of the inkjet ink obtained in Examples 4 to 7 were obtained.
- Example 8 Preparation of red inkjet ink (3)
- DMDG 1,3-bis(trimethyl)-1-butanediol
- CHMA methacrylic acid 176.4 parts of cyclohexyl
- a mixture of 75 parts of MMA, 25.8 parts of MAA, and 0.45 part of V-70 was added to the resulting first polymer solution and polymerized for 4.5 hours to form a second polymer.
- a solution of type AB block copolymer was obtained.
- the nonvolatile content was 48.3%, and it was confirmed that most of the monomers were polymerized.
- a structural unit derived from CHMA which is a residual monomer was included.
- the obtained block copolymer had an Mn of 6,200, a PDI of 1.41, and an acid value of 61.3 mgKOH / g.
- a horizontal medium disperser “Dynomill 0.6 liter ECM type” trade name, manufactured by Shinmaru Enterprises, diameter of zirconia beads: 0.5 mm
- a dispersion To 800 parts of the obtained dispersion, 3,200 parts of ion-exchanged water was added so that the pigment concentration was 14%. 5% acetic acid was added dropwise with stirring. The initial pH was 9.5, and 5% acetic acid was added dropwise to lower the pH to 4.5 to obtain an aqueous pigment dispersion.
- the obtained aqueous pigment dispersion was filtered and washed thoroughly with ion-exchanged water to obtain a pigment paste (solid content concentration: 30.
- a solution prepared by dissolving 9.4 parts of BDG and 1.15 parts of sodium hydroxide in 29.2 parts of water was added to 700 parts of the pigment paste.
- the above-mentioned horizontal media disperser was used for dispersion treatment.
- an ultra-high pressure homogenizer “Microfluidizer” manufactured by Microfluidics Co., Ltd.
- the dispersion treatment was performed by performing three passes at 150 MPa to obtain a dispersion.
- the obtained dispersion is centrifuged (7,500 rpm, 20 minutes), filtered through a membrane filter having a pore size of 10 ⁇ m, and ion exchange water is added to obtain a red pigment dispersion (2) having a pigment concentration of 14%. Obtained.
- a particle size measuring instrument “NICOMP 380ZLS-S” manufactured by International Business
- the number average particle diameter of the pigment particles contained in the obtained red pigment dispersion (2) was measured to be 108 nm.
- the viscosity of the red pigment dispersion (2) measured with a B-type viscometer was 2.22 mPa ⁇ s. When this red pigment dispersion (2) was stored at 70 ° C. for one week, no change was observed in the particle diameter and viscosity of the pigment, and the storage stability was good.
- red pigment dispersion (2) 40 parts of the obtained red pigment dispersion (2), 24.4 parts of the emulsion binder (3) obtained in Example 3, 1.8 parts of BDG, 5 parts of 1,2-hexanediol, 10 parts of glycerin, “Surfinol 465 ”(trade name, manufactured by Air Products) and 35.6 parts of water were mixed and sufficiently stirred, and then filtered through a membrane filter having a pore size of 10 ⁇ m to obtain a red inkjet ink (3).
- the viscosity of the obtained red inkjet ink (3) was 3.0 mPa ⁇ s.
- the number average particle diameter of the pigment particles contained in the red inkjet ink (3) was 108 nm.
- Example 9 to 11 Preparation of blue inkjet ink (2), yellow inkjet ink (2), black inkjet ink (2)
- red pigment CI Pigment Red-122
- C.I. I. Pigment Blue-15: 3 manufactured by Dainichi Seika Kogyo Co., Ltd., cyanine blue-A220JC
- C.I. I. Pigment Yellow-74 manufactured by Dainichi Seika Kogyo Co., Ltd., Seika First Yellow-2016G
- Example 5 Preparation of red inkjet ink (4)
- a red inkjet ink (4) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 8 except that the emulsion polymer (2) obtained in Comparative Example 3 was used in place of the emulsion binder (3).
- Table 4 shows the number average particle diameter of the pigment particles contained in the obtained ink and the measurement results of the viscosity of the ink.
- the block copolymer type pigment dispersant When the block copolymer type pigment dispersant was used, the viscosity of both the pigment dispersion and the inkjet ink using the pigment dispersion was reduced. Moreover, the viscosity of the red ink-jet ink (4) using the emulsion polymer (2) containing a surfactant could be reduced. This is considered to be due to the addition of a low-viscosity emulsion in any case.
- the high-speed printing was performed using the inkjet inks obtained in Examples 8 to 11 and Comparative Example 5 in the same procedure as the “printability test” described above. As a result, even when any ink-jet ink was used, a good printing state was shown. Further, in the same procedure as the “printability test” described above, after the solid printing was completed, the printer was temporarily stopped and left for 24 hours, and then solid printing was performed again. As a result, when the ink jet inks obtained in Examples 8 to 11 were used, printing could be performed without any problem. On the other hand, when the inkjet ink obtained in Comparative Example 5 was used, printing could not be performed.
- the emulsion polymer (2) added when preparing the red inkjet ink (4) of Comparative Example 5 does not show re-dissolvability as a film when dried with a head.
- the emulsion binder (3) added when preparing the inkjet inks of Examples 8 to 11 contains a water-soluble AB block copolymer containing a B polymer block having a high acid value. For this reason, even if the ink is dried by the head, it is considered that the ink is immediately dissolved during the printing.
- the ink-jet ink obtained using the emulsion binder of the present invention can form a film showing good adhesion to the substrate. Further, after immersing the printed material in a 70 ° C. water bath constant temperature bath for 1 hour, a water resistance test was performed to observe whether blistering, whitening, cracking, or the like occurred. As a result, little change was observed before and after the test. Moreover, even if the above-mentioned cellophane tape peeling test was performed, the printed material did not peel off.
- the emulsion binder of the present invention is used, it is possible to provide an aqueous pigment ink for inkjet that is particularly compatible with high-speed printing.
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Abstract
Description
以下、本発明の詳細について、本発明を実施するための形態を例に挙げて説明する。本発明のエマルジョンバインダーに含有されるポリマーは、構成成分の90質量%以上が(メタ)アクリレート系モノマーであるA-Bブロックコポリマーである。このA-Bブロックコポリマーの数平均分子量は5,000~100,000であるとともに、分子量分布(重量平均分子量/数平均分子量)は1.7以下である。なお、A-Bブロックコポリマーは、AポリマーブロックとBポリマーブロックとを含んでいる。Aポリマーブロックは、酸価が0~30mgKOH/gであるとともに、ガラス転移点が60℃以下の、実質的に水に不溶なポリマーブロックである。また、Bポリマーブロックは、酸価が75~250mgKOH/gの、実質的に水に可溶なポリマーブロックである。
Aポリマーブロックは、上述した各種のモノマーを適宜選択して重合してなるポリマーブロックである。Aポリマーブロックの酸価は0~30mgKOH/gであり、好ましくは0~20mgKOH/gである。酸価が上記範囲であるため、Aポリマーブロックは実質的に水に不溶となる。このため、Aポリマーブロックを含むA-Bブロックコポリマーを水系媒体中に分散させてエマルジョン化した場合には、Aポリマーブロックは粒子を形成する部分になると考えられる。なお、上記の酸価の範囲内で、Aポリマーブロック中に少量の酸基を含ませることで、基材との密着性やエマルジョン粒子の粒子径を調整することができる。
1/T=W1/(T1+273)+W2/(T2+273)+・・・Wx/(Tx+273) ・・・(1)
Bポリマーブロックの酸価は75~250mgKOH/gであり、好ましくは100~200mgKOH/gである。酸価が上記範囲であるため、Bポリマーブロックは実質的に水に可溶となる。Bポリマーブロックの酸価が75mgKOH/g未満であると、再溶解性が低下する。一方、Bポリマーブロックの酸価が250mgKOH/gを超えると、形成される印字皮膜の耐水性が劣る場合がある。なお、Bポリマーブロック中の酸基をアンモニア、アミン、水酸化ナトリウムなどのアルカリ物質で中和することにより、Bポリマーブロックは水に可溶なポリマーブロックとなる。Aポリマーブロックが粒子化した際に、Bポリマーブロックが水に溶解する。これにより、A-Bブロックコポリマーの粒子径が制御され、A-Bブロックコポリマーの粒子を水系媒体中に安定的に存在(分散)させることができる。また、このA-Bブロックコポリマーを用いて調製したインクジェット用水性顔料インクは、ヘッドで乾燥しても、Bポリマーブロックの高い水溶性によって優れた再溶解性を示すことになる。
A-Bブロックコポリマーの数平均分子量(以下、「Mn」とも記す)は5,000~100,000であり、好ましくは8,000~50,000である。なお、Mnは、断りがない限り、ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフ(以下、「GPC」とも記す)により測定されるポリスチレン換算の値である。A-BブロックコポリマーのMnは、AポリマーブロックのMnと、BポリマーブロックのMnの合計である。従って、A-BブロックコポリマーのMnが上記の数値範囲内であれば、AポリマーブロックとBポリマーブロックのそれぞれのMnは特に限定されない。
本発明のエマルジョンバインダーは、A-Bブロックコポリマーがアルカリ物質によって中和され、水系媒体中に自己乳化してエマルジョン粒子を形成したものである。また、形成されたエマルジョン粒子の数平均粒子径は30~300nmであり、好ましくは50~200nmである。エマルジョン粒子の数平均粒子径が30nm未満であると、エマルジョン粒子が細かすぎてインクの粘度が上がってしまう場合がある。一方、エマルジョン粒子の数平均粒子径が300nmを超えると、インクジェットヘッドがつまりやすくなり、吐出が困難になる場合がある。
次に、本発明のインクジェット用水性顔料インクの詳細について説明する。本発明のインクジェット用水性顔料インクには、顔料及び皮膜形成用バインダーが含有される。そして、この皮膜形成用バインダーが、前述のエマルジョンバインダーである。前述のエマルジョンバインダーを皮膜形成用バインダーとして用いることにより、高速印刷性及び優れた吐出安定性を有するとともに、耐水性及び基材に対する密着性に優れた印字皮膜を形成可能であり、かつ、吐出口(ヘッド)等で乾燥しても再溶解させて容易に除去可能なインクジェット用水性顔料分散インクとすることができる。なお、本発明のインクジェット用水性顔料インクに含有されるエマルジョンバインダーの割合は、インク全量(100質量%)に対して、固形分濃度で5~20質量%であることが好ましく、7.5~15質量%であることがさらに好ましい。
顔料としては、従来使用されてきた有機顔料や無機顔料を一種単独で又は二種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。顔料の具体例としては、カーボンブラック顔料、キナクリドン系顔料、フタロシアニン系顔料、ベンズイミダゾロン系顔料、イソインドリノン系顔料、アゾ系顔料、酸化チタン顔料などが挙げられる。
インクジェット用水性顔料インクには、顔料分散剤を含有させることが好ましい。特に、顔料として自己分散性顔料を用いず、自己分散性を有しない通常の顔料(無機顔料、有機顔料)を用いる場合において、これらの顔料を好適な状態で分散させることができるために好ましい。顔料分散剤としては、従来公知のものを使用することができ、特に限定されない。顔料分散剤の具体例としては、アクリル系ポリマーやスチレン系ポリマーなどのランダム重合物、ブロックコポリマー型分散剤、グラフトポリマー型分散剤、星型ポリマー型分散剤、ハイパーブランチ型分散剤などが挙げられる。なお、インクジェット用水性顔料インクに含有される顔料分散剤の割合は、インク全量(100質量%)に対して0.5~15質量%であることが好ましく、2~10質量%であることがさらに好ましい。
本発明のインクジェット用水性顔料インクには、顔料及び顔料分散剤以外の「その他の成分」が必要に応じてさらに含有されていてもよい。「その他の成分」としては、媒体や各種添加剤などを例示することができる。
次に、エマルジョンバインダーの製造方法について説明する。本発明のエマルジョンバインダーの製造方法は、少なくともヨウ素化合物を重合開始化合物として使用し、(メタ)アクリレート系モノマーをリビングラジカル重合してA-Bブロックコポリマーを合成する工程を含む。以下、その詳細について説明する。
A-Bブロックコポリマーは、従来のリビングラジカル重合方法でも合成することができる。但し、本発明においては、A-Bブロックコポリマーを、前述の(メタ)アクリレート系モノマーをリビングラジカル重合して合成する。また、リビングラジカル重合するに際しては、ヨウ素化合物を重合開始化合物として用いる。ヨウ素化合物を重合開始化合物として用いると、熱や光により発生したヨウ素ラジカルがモノマーと反応し、ポリマー末端ラジカルが生成する。逐次発生したヨウ素ラジカルはポリマー末端ラジカルと結合して安定化するので、停止反応が生ずるのを防止することができる。この繰り返しによりリビングラジカル重合が進行するため、得られるA-Bブロックコポリマー分子量や構造を容易に制御することができる。
「A-Bブロックコポリマーの理論分子量」=「重合開始化合物1モル」×「モノマー分子量」×「モノマーのモル数/重合開始化合物のモル数」 ・・・(2)
次に、インクジェット用水性顔料インクの製造方法について説明する。インクジェット用水性顔料インクは、例えば、(i)水系媒体に顔料を分散させて顔料分散体を得、(ii)得られた顔料分散体とエマルジョンバインダーとを混合し、(iii)必要に応じて添加剤などを添加することにより製造することができる。
(実施例1:エマルジョンバインダー(1)の調製)
撹拌機、逆流コンデンサー、温度計、及び窒素導入管を備えた1Lセパラブルフラスコに、ジエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル(以下、「DMDG」と記す)131.7部、ヨウ素1.0部、2,2’-アゾビス(4-メトキシ-2,4-ジメチルバレロニトリル)(以下、「V-70」と記す)4.9部、メタクリル酸ベンジル(以下、「BzMA」と記す)44部、メタクリル酸2-ヒドロキシエチル(以下、「HEMA」と記す)13部、及びN-アイオドスクシンイミド0.11部を仕込んだ。撹拌して40℃に加温し、重合を行った。3時間後、ヨウ素の褐色が消失していた。このことから、ヨウ素とV-70が反応し、反応系内でヨウ素化合物(重合開始化合物)が生成したことを確認できた。温度を一定に保持してさらに4時間重合を行った後、自然冷却してAポリマーブロックの溶液を得た。
DMDG362.3部、ヨウ素1.0部、V-70を4.9部、MMA105部、メタクリル酸2-エチルヘキシル(以下、「2EHMA」と記す)148.5部、HEMA45.5部、及びジフェニルメタン0.17部を用いたこと以外は、前述の実施例1と同様にしてAポリマーブロックの溶液を得た。重合率は80.5%であった。得られたAポリマーブロックのMnは22,000、PDIは1.56、ポリマー組成はMMA/2EHMA/HEMA≒35/50/15、理論計算により算出したTgは31.5℃であり、酸価は0mgKOH/gであった。また、サンプリングした溶液の一部を水に添加したところ、軟質なポリマーが析出した。これにより、得られたAポリマーブロックは、実質的に水に不溶なポリマーであることが確認された。
DMDG197.1部、ヨウ素0.4部、V-70を2.4部、MMA54部、メタクリル酸ブチル(以下、「BMA」と記す)49部、メタクリル酸ドデシル(以下、「LMA」と記す)50部、MAA3部、及びジ-t-ブチルヒドロキシトルエン(以下、「BHT」と記す)0.1部を用いて6時間重合を行ったこと以外は、前述の実施例1と同様にしてAポリマーブロックの溶液を得た。重合率は約100%であった。得られたAポリマーブロックのMnは30,000、PDIは1.61、ポリマー組成はMMA/BMA/LMA/MAA≒35/31/32/2理論計算により算出したTgは7.7℃であり、酸価は12.6mgKOH/gであった。
撹拌機、逆流コンデンサー、温度計、窒素導入管、及び滴下ロートを備えた1Lセパラブルフラスコに、DMDG100部を入れて40℃に加温した。BzMA35.8部、HEMA10.6部、MMA43.1部、MAA10.5部、及びV-70の3部を別容器に入れ、撹拌してモノマー混合液を調製した。調製したモノマー混合液の1/2量を滴下ロートに入れて滴化した。さらに、1.5時間かけてモノマー溶液の残りの1/2量を滴下した後、40℃で6時間重合を行ってポリマーの溶液を得た。重合率は約100%であった。また、得られたポリマーのMnは12,500、PDIは1.96、酸価は69.1mgKOH/gであった。
ヨウ素とジフェニルメタンを用いなかったこと以外は、前述の実施例2と同様にして一段目の重合を行って一段目のポリマーブロックの溶液を得た。重合率は98%であった。得られた一段目のポリマーブロックのMnは37,000、PDIは1.90であった。得られた一段目のポリマーブロックの溶液を使用して、前述の実施例2と同様にして6時間重合を行い、二段目のポリマーブロックを形成してブロックポリマーの溶液を得た。重合率は約100%であった。得られたブロックポリマーのMnは27,000、PDIは1.95であった。
撹拌機、逆流コンデンサー、温度計、窒素導入管、及び滴下ロートを備えた1Lセパラブルフラスコに、水450部、及びフォスファノールRD-720(リン酸エステル系界面活性剤、東邦化学社製)2.5部を入れて70℃に加温した。MMA52部、BMA47部、LMA48部、及びMAA3部を別容器に入れて混合し、モノマー混合液を調製した。セパラブルフラスコ内に過硫酸カリウム4部を添加するとともに、調製したモノマー混合液を滴下ロートに入れ、1/4量を添加した後、残りを1.5時間かけて滴下した。70℃でさらに4時間熟成させてポリマー溶液を得た。得られたポリマー溶液は、青味を有する白濁エマルジョンであり、反応系内と撹拌軸に若干の析出物が観察された。
赤色顔料としてのC.I.ピグメントレッド-122(ジメチルキナクリドン顔料、大日精化工業社製)200部、スチレンアクリル酸共重合体(Mn:5,000、酸価:215mgKOH/g)のアンモニア中和水溶液(固形分濃度:20%)200部、ブチルジグリコール80部、及び水320部をディスパーで混合撹拌してミルベースを調製した。横型媒体分散機「ダイノミル0.6リットルECM型」(商品名、シンマルエンタープライゼス社製、ジルコニア製ビーズの径:0.5mm)を使用し、周速10m/sで調製したミルベースの分散処理を2時間行って分散液を得た。得られた分散液を遠心分離処理(7,500回転、20分間)した後、ポアサイズ10μmのメンブレンフィルターでろ過し、イオン交換水を添加して顔料濃度14%の赤色顔料分散体(1)を得た。粒度測定器「NICOMP 380ZLS-S」(インターナショナル・ビジネス社製)を使用し、得られた赤色顔料分散体(1)に含まれる顔料粒子の数平均粒子径を測定したところ122nmであった。なお、B型粘度計で測定した赤色顔料分散体(1)の粘度は3.59mPa・sであった。
エマルジョンバインダー(1)に代えて、比較例1で得た水溶性ポリマーを用いたこと以外は、前述の実施例4と同様にして赤色インクジェットインク(2)を得た。得られた赤色インクジェットインク(2)の粘度は5.69mPa・sであった。このように高い粘度となったのは、水溶性ポリマーを用いたためであると考えられる。
赤色顔料(C.I.ピグメントレッド-122)に代えて、青色顔料としてのC.I.ピグメントブルー-15:3(大日精化工業社製、シアニンブルー-A220JC)、黄色顔料としてのC.I.ピグメントイエロー-74(大日精化工業社製、セイカファーストイエロー-2016G)、黒色顔料としてのC.I.ピグメントブラック-7(デグサ社製、S170)を用いたこと以外は、前述の実施例4と同様にして青色顔料分散体(1)、黄色顔料分散体(1)、及び黒色顔料分散体(1)を得た。得られた顔料分散体に含まれる顔料粒子の数平均粒子径、及び顔料分散体の粘度の測定結果を表1に示す。
実施例4~7及び比較例4で得たインクジェットインクをそれぞれカートリッジに充填し、セイコーエプソン社製のインクジェットプリンター「EM930C」を使用して、米国ゼロックス社製の「ゼロックス紙4024」に、高速印刷ドラフトモードにてベタ印刷を行った。その結果、実施例4~7で得たインクジェットインクを用いた場合には、100枚印刷してもヘッドにつまりが発生せず、印画物にかすれや筋が発生せず、良好な印画状態を示した。これに対して、比較例4で得たインクジェットインクを用いた場合には、7枚印刷したところで印画部に筋が発生した。その後、徐々に筋やかすれが多く発生し、23枚目で印画不能となった。比較例4で得たインクジェットインクは、水溶性ポリマーを用いているために粘度が高く、溶解しているポリマーが多い。このため、非ニュートニアン的粘性に起因して吐出安定性が低下したと考えられる。一方、実施例4~7で得たインクジェットインクは、その皮膜形成成分(皮膜形成用バインダー)が粒子化しているために低粘度であり、吐出安定性が顕著に向上したと考えられる。
撹拌機、逆流コンデンサー、温度計、及び窒素導入管を備えた1Lセパラブルフラスコに、DMDG295.68部、ヨウ素3.03部、V-70を14.8部、BHT0.66部、及びメタクリル酸シクロヘキシル(以下、「CHMA」と記す)176.4部を仕込んだ。窒素を流しながら撹拌して40℃に加温し、6.5時間重合を行って第一のポリマーの溶液を得た。溶液の一部をサンプリングして固形分濃度を測定したところ21.1%であり、収率(不揮発分)は67%であった。さらに、GPCにて第一のポリマーを分析したところ、Mnが4,000、PDIが1.37であった。
赤色顔料(C.I.ピグメントレッド-122)に代えて、青色顔料としてのC.I.ピグメントブルー-15:3(大日精化工業社製、シアニンブルー-A220JC)、黄色顔料としてのC.I.ピグメントイエロー-74(大日精化工業社製、セイカファーストイエロー-2016G)、黒色顔料としてのC.I.ピグメントブラック-7(デグサ社製、S170)を用いたこと以外は、前述の実施例8と同様にして青色顔料分散体(2)、黄色顔料分散体(2)、及び黒色顔料分散体(2)を得た。得られた顔料分散体に含まれる顔料粒子の数平均粒子径、及び顔料分散体の粘度の測定結果を表3に示す。
エマルジョンバインダー(3)に代えて、比較例3で得たエマルジョンポリマー(2)を用いたこと以外は、前述の実施例8と同様にして赤色インクジェットインク(4)を得た。得られたインクに含まれる顔料粒子の数平均粒子径、及びインクの粘度の測定結果を表4に示す。
Claims (7)
- 構成成分の90質量%以上が(メタ)アクリレート系モノマーである、Aポリマーブロック及びBポリマーブロックを含むA-Bブロックコポリマーを含有するエマルジョンバインダーであって、
前記A-Bブロックコポリマーの数平均分子量が5,000~100,000であるとともに、分子量分布(重量平均分子量/数平均分子量)が1.7以下であり、
前記Aポリマーブロックの酸価が0~30mgKOH/gであるとともに、ガラス転移点が60℃以下であり、
前記Bポリマーブロックの酸価が75~250mgKOH/gであり、
前記A-Bブロックコポリマーがアルカリ物質で中和されて水系媒体中に自己乳化しており、その数平均粒子径が30~300nmのエマルジョン粒子が形成されていることを特徴とするエマルジョンバインダー。 - 顔料及び皮膜形成用バインダーを含有するインクジェット用水性顔料インクにおいて、
前記皮膜形成用バインダーが、請求項1に記載のエマルジョンバインダーであることを特徴とするインクジェット用水性顔料インク。 - 前記顔料が、カラーインデックスナンバー(C.I.)ピグメントブルー-15:3、及び15:4;C.I.ピグメントレッド-122、及び269;C.I.ピグメントバイオレット-19;C.I.ピグメントイエロー-74、155、180、及び183;C.I.ピグメントグリーン-7、36、及び58;C.I.ピグメントオレンジ-43;C.I.ピグメントブラック-7;並びにC.I.ピグメントホワイト-6からなる群より選択される少なくとも一種であるとともに、数平均一次粒子径が350nm未満であり、
インク全量(100質量%)に対する、前記顔料の含有割合が4~15質量%であり、前記皮膜形成用バインダーの含有割合が5~20質量%である請求項2に記載のインクジェット用水性顔料インク。 - 請求項1に記載のエマルジョンバインダーの製造方法であって、
少なくともヨウ素化合物を重合開始化合物として使用し、前記(メタ)アクリレート系モノマーをリビングラジカル重合して前記A-Bブロックコポリマーを合成する工程を含むことを特徴とするエマルジョンバインダーの製造方法。 - ハロゲン化リン、フォスファイト系化合物、及びフォスフィネート化合物からなるリン系化合物群;イミド系化合物からなる窒素系化合物群;フェノール系化合物からなる酸素系化合物群;並びにジフェニルメタン系化合物、及びシクロペンタジエン系化合物からなる炭化水素化合物群からなる化合物群より選択される少なくとも一種の化合物を触媒として使用して、前記A-Bブロックコポリマーを合成する請求項4に記載のエマルジョンバインダーの製造方法。
- 前記リビングラジカル重合する際の重合温度が30~50℃である請求項4又は5に記載のエマルジョンバインダーの製造方法。
- 水溶性有機溶剤中で前記リビングラジカル重合した後、アルカリ物質を加えて中和し、次いで水と混合して前記A-Bブロックコポリマーを自己乳化させる請求項4~6のいずれか一項に記載のエマルジョンバインダーの製造方法。
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JP2019011460A (ja) * | 2017-06-30 | 2019-01-24 | 東洋インキScホールディングス株式会社 | 水性インクジェットインキ及び印刷物の製造方法 |
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JP2018204012A (ja) * | 2018-06-07 | 2018-12-27 | 東洋インキScホールディングス株式会社 | インクジェット用水性インキ、及び印刷物の製造方法 |
JP6388245B1 (ja) * | 2018-06-07 | 2018-09-12 | 東洋インキScホールディングス株式会社 | インクジェット用水性インキ、及び印刷物の製造方法 |
JP7434918B2 (ja) | 2020-01-21 | 2024-02-21 | 京セラドキュメントソリューションズ株式会社 | インクジェット用インク |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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TW201243008A (en) | 2012-11-01 |
KR20130135344A (ko) | 2013-12-10 |
US9102777B2 (en) | 2015-08-11 |
EP2687561B1 (en) | 2018-10-24 |
JP5717134B2 (ja) | 2015-05-13 |
CN103443218A (zh) | 2013-12-11 |
EP2687561A1 (en) | 2014-01-22 |
TWI472591B (zh) | 2015-02-11 |
US20130338273A1 (en) | 2013-12-19 |
EP2687561A4 (en) | 2015-07-15 |
JP2012193249A (ja) | 2012-10-11 |
CN103443218B (zh) | 2015-06-17 |
KR101558723B1 (ko) | 2015-10-07 |
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