WO2012115079A1 - 毛色が制御された移植用再生毛包原基の製造方法、当該移植用再生毛包原基を含む組成物、およびその移植方法 - Google Patents
毛色が制御された移植用再生毛包原基の製造方法、当該移植用再生毛包原基を含む組成物、およびその移植方法 Download PDFInfo
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- A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
- A61L27/36—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses containing ingredients of undetermined constitution or reaction products thereof, e.g. transplant tissue, natural bone, extracellular matrix
- A61L27/38—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses containing ingredients of undetermined constitution or reaction products thereof, e.g. transplant tissue, natural bone, extracellular matrix containing added animal cells
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- A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
- A61L27/36—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses containing ingredients of undetermined constitution or reaction products thereof, e.g. transplant tissue, natural bone, extracellular matrix
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- A61L27/3804—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses containing ingredients of undetermined constitution or reaction products thereof, e.g. transplant tissue, natural bone, extracellular matrix containing added animal cells characterised by specific cells or progenitors thereof, e.g. fibroblasts, connective tissue cells, kidney cells
- A61L27/3813—Epithelial cells, e.g. keratinocytes, urothelial cells
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- A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
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- A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
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- A61L27/3886—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses containing ingredients of undetermined constitution or reaction products thereof, e.g. transplant tissue, natural bone, extracellular matrix containing added animal cells comprising two or more cell types
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- A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
- A61L27/36—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses containing ingredients of undetermined constitution or reaction products thereof, e.g. transplant tissue, natural bone, extracellular matrix
- A61L27/38—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses containing ingredients of undetermined constitution or reaction products thereof, e.g. transplant tissue, natural bone, extracellular matrix containing added animal cells
- A61L27/3886—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses containing ingredients of undetermined constitution or reaction products thereof, e.g. transplant tissue, natural bone, extracellular matrix containing added animal cells comprising two or more cell types
- A61L27/3891—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses containing ingredients of undetermined constitution or reaction products thereof, e.g. transplant tissue, natural bone, extracellular matrix containing added animal cells comprising two or more cell types as distinct cell layers
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- C12N5/0625—Epidermal cells, skin cells; Cells of the oral mucosa
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- A61L2430/00—Materials or treatment for tissue regeneration
- A61L2430/18—Materials or treatment for tissue regeneration for hair reconstruction
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- C12N2506/13—Differentiation of animal cells from one lineage to another; Differentiation of pluripotent cells from connective tissue cells, from mesenchymal cells
- C12N2506/1346—Differentiation of animal cells from one lineage to another; Differentiation of pluripotent cells from connective tissue cells, from mesenchymal cells from mesenchymal stem cells
- C12N2506/1376—Differentiation of animal cells from one lineage to another; Differentiation of pluripotent cells from connective tissue cells, from mesenchymal cells from mesenchymal stem cells from mesenchymal stem cells derived from hair follicles
Definitions
- the invention of the present application relates to a method for producing a regenerated hair follicle primordium for transplantation with controlled hair color, a composition containing the regenerated hair follicle primordium for transplantation, and a method for transplanting the same.
- Non-patent Document 1 As a next-generation medical technology that complements transplantation medicine, regenerative medicine is expected that replaces organs and organs that have failed due to various diseases and trauma with regenerated organs and organs (Non-patent Document 1).
- stem cell transfer therapy is being promoted by transferring stem cells and progenitor cells to injured tissues and partially impaired organs to restore their functions.
- tissue regeneration technology is also practical, in which cells are cultured and organized in sheet form by cell sheet technology In the stage.
- skin tissue can regenerate functional skin by layering mesenchymal cells, fibroblasts and skin epidermis cells, and artificially reproducing the histologically appropriate layer structure. And is clinically applied in the treatment of severe burns.
- organ regeneration by regenerating the organ primordium and reproducing the development process in the teeth and salivary glands, which are ectodermal organs, and the hair follicle, which is a skin appendage.
- these organs are not directly linked to sustaining life, they are known to suffer organ loss and dysfunction. Examples of this include tooth loss due to caries and injury, tooth germ formation failure, salivary secretion disorders associated with aging, hair loss due to androgenetic alopecia and hair follicle formation failure, and the like.
- organ loss and dysfunction greatly affect QOL (Quality of Life), so that functional recovery by organ regeneration is highly expected.
- ectodermal skin appendages such as hair, feathers and nails are ubiquitous in the skin and have species-specific functions such as survival and reproduction.
- hair has functions to maintain body temperature, protect against trauma and ultraviolet rays.
- hair is characterized by a characteristic color and pattern on the body surface, which is thought to be useful for appealing rank and fertility within the reproductive population.
- hair has different qualities such as thickness, hardness, and color depending on the area and function of the body surface, and it exhibits its aesthetic and functional value by being present in many specific parts.
- the color and quality of hair has a social meaning, and changes due to aging and illness are considered to have a great influence on an individual's QOL.
- the regenerated hair follicle has a normal tissue structure and hairs having a hair shaft suitable for the transplant site are formed and elongated.
- Such ectoderm appendages including skin appendages such as hair are usually generated by the interaction of epithelial and mesenchymal cells in the fetal stage.
- the hair follicle, one of the ectodermal appendages, repeats growth and regression (hair cycle) throughout the life of the individual, and the regeneration of the hair bulb during the growth phase is induced by the same molecular mechanism as in the hair follicle organ development phase.
- regeneration of the hair bulb part in such a hair cycle is induced
- Hair follicle formation by mesenchymal cells with the ability to regenerate hair follicle variable regions and hair follicle inducing ability by replacing mesenchymal cells (hair papilla cells and dermal root sheath cells) for hair follicle regeneration so far Attempts have been made to reconstruct hair follicles using epithelial and mesenchymal cells. Furthermore, recently, the present inventors have regenerated hair follicles reconstructed from bulge region epithelial cells derived from adult mouse pupae and cultured hair papilla cells derived from adult mouse pupae by the organ primordial method (see, for example, Patent Document 1). The primordium has shown that it can regenerate hair follicles and hair, mimicking normal development. However, when the hair follicle was regenerated using the regenerated hair follicle primordium derived from adult mouse wrinkles, there was a problem that most of the regenerated hair became white hair.
- melanoblast which is a cell responsible for hair color, and its distribution region, and analyzed the function of cells existing in each distribution region. And the present inventors discovered the preparation method of the reproduction
- the present invention is a method for producing a regenerated hair follicle primordium for transplantation in which the hair color of hair growth that occurs after transplantation is controlled, comprising the steps of preparing a first cell aggregate containing mesenchymal cells, epithelial system A step of preparing a second cell aggregate containing cells, a step of preparing a cell aggregate including pigment stem cells, and at least one of the first cell aggregate and the second cell aggregate; And a step of binding the cell aggregate including the first cell aggregate and the second cell aggregate, at least one of which is bound to the cell aggregate including the pigment stem cell.
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a regenerated hair follicle primordium for transplantation, the method comprising the step of bringing the first cell aggregate and the second cell aggregate into close contact and culturing within a support.
- the first cell aggregate is substantially composed of mesenchymal cells.
- the second cell aggregate is substantially composed of epithelial cells.
- the cell aggregate containing the pigment stem cells has been singulated.
- the pigment stem cell is a melanoblast derived from a subbulge region or a melanocyte precursor cell derived from a hair matrix base.
- the number of cells of the first cell aggregate or the second cell aggregate The ratio between the number of cells in the body and the number of cells in the cell aggregate containing the pigment stem cells is in the range of 0.1: 1 to 100: 1.
- the mesenchymal cells are hair papilla cells or dermal root sheath cells.
- the epithelial cells are bulge region epithelial cells or hair matrix basal epithelial cells.
- the mesenchymal cell or epithelial cell is derived from an adult hair follicle.
- the method further comprises a step of inserting a guide into the regenerated hair follicle primordium.
- the regenerated hair follicle regenerated when the regenerated hair follicle primordia is transplanted comprises a melanoblast stem cell niche.
- the regenerated hair follicle regenerated when the regenerated hair follicle primordium is transplanted is capable of permanently forming colored hair. It is characterized by that.
- Another aspect of the present invention relates to a composition comprising a regenerated hair follicle primordium for transplantation with controlled hair color, produced by the method for producing a regenerated hair follicle primordium for transplantation.
- the hair color is controlled, including a step of transplanting the transplanted regenerated hair follicle primordium prepared by the above-described method for producing a regenerated hair follicle primordium to a target site.
- the present invention relates to a method for transplanting a regenerated hair follicle primordium for transplantation.
- the guide is maintained in a state of protruding from the transplantation site, so that the transplanted regenerated hair follicle primordium is on the epithelial cell side.
- the portion and the epithelial cell of interest extend along a guide and are connected.
- a melanoblast stem cell niche can be formed in a regenerated hair follicle regenerated after transplantation of the regenerated hair follicle primordium for transplantation produced according to the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of melanoblasts and melanocyte precursor cells in the hair follicle.
- a melanoblast niche in which melanoblast is distributed exists in the subbulge region of the hair follicle, and melanocyte progenitor cells are distributed in the base of the hair matrix.
- DP indicates a dermal papilla
- SG indicates a sebaceous gland.
- FIG. 2 shows photographs taken by a stereomicroscope of the transplanted site where the hair follicle was regenerated after transplanting the regenerated hair follicle primordium prepared under the following three conditions (FIGS. 2a to 2c).
- FIG. 2a shows a hair growth site transplanted with a regenerated hair follicle primordium prepared from bulge region epithelial cells derived from adult mouse cheeks and hair papilla cells derived from adult mouse cheeks (control).
- the regenerated hair follicle primordium was prepared by further adding sub-bulge region cells derived from the adult mouse cheek.
- Fig. 2b shows the hair growth site at the time (sub-bulge added section).
- FIG. 2c base of added hair matrix
- white hair was obtained (FIG. 2a)
- black hair could be obtained in the sub-bulge-added section and the hair matrix base-added section (black arrow in FIG. 2b and FIG. 2c).
- the white arrow of FIG. 2b shows a white reproduction
- FIG. 3 shows dopachrome, a differentiation lineage marker for melanoblasts, in the outer root sheath of the subbulge region, where the melanoblast stem cell niche of hair follicles regenerated by transplanting natural hair follicles or regenerated hair follicle primordia exists.
- the result at the time of performing in situ hybridization of tomatomerase (dopachrome tautomerase: Dct) is shown.
- the image in FIG. 3 shows an image taken under a fluorescence microscope after in situ hybridization.
- 3A-C are each derived from a natural hair follicle with black hair (A), a regenerated hair follicle primordium prepared from bulge region epithelial cells derived from adult mouse cheeks and hair papilla cells derived from adult mouse cheeks
- the hair follicles with white hair (B), bulge region epithelial cells derived from adult mouse cheek fistula and hair dermal papilla cells derived from adult mouse cheek fistula, subbulge region cells derived from adult mouse cheek fistula (sub-bulge addition group) are added
- the image of the hair follicle (C) which has the black hair derived from the reproduction
- FIG. 4 shows a regenerated hair follicle primordium (control) prepared from adult mouse cheek-derived bulge region epithelial cells and adult mouse cheek-derived hair papilla cells, adult mouse cheek-derived bulge region epithelial cells and adult mice
- dermal papilla cells derived from the buccal follicle sub-bulge area cells derived from the adult mouse buccal fistula (sub-bulge added group) or cells collected from the base of the hair matrix derived from the adult mouse buccal follicle (group added to the base of the hair matrix)
- the percentage of colored hair of the first hair that grew was shown.
- FIG. 5 shows a regenerated hair follicle prepared using bulge region epithelial cells derived from adult mouse cheeks, hair papilla cells derived from adult mouse cheeks, and cells collected from the base of the hair matrix derived from adult mouse cheeks. The result of having observed the hair shaft of the hair which grew from the regenerated hair follicle by the electron microscope after transplanting the primordia into the skin of a recipient mouse is shown.
- FIG. 6 shows photographs of the hair transplantation site taken on a stereomicroscope on the 36th day after transplantation and the 306th day after transplantation of the regenerated hair follicle primordium prepared under the following two conditions.
- FIG. 6 shows photographs of the hair transplantation site taken on a stereomicroscope on the 36th day after transplantation and the 306th day after transplantation of the regenerated hair follicle primordium prepared under the following two conditions.
- the left figure and the middle figure show the cells collected from the base of the hair matrix derived from the adult mouse cheek to the bulge region epithelial cells derived from the adult mouse cheek and the hair papilla derived from the adult mouse cheek.
- a regenerated hair follicle primordium is prepared, and hair growth sites on the 36th and 306th days after transplantation are shown (basal region added to the hair matrix).
- the right figure shows the hair growth site on the 306th day after transplantation of a regenerated hair follicle primordium prepared from bulge region epithelial cells derived from adult mouse cheeks and hair papilla cells derived from adult mouse cheeks. Indicates (control).
- a first aspect of the production method is a method for producing a regenerated hair follicle primordium for transplantation in which the hair color of hair growth that occurs after transplantation is controlled, the first cell aggregate containing mesenchymal cells
- a step of preparing a second cell aggregate containing epithelial cells a step of preparing a cell aggregate including a pigment stem cell, at least one of the first cell aggregate and the second cell aggregate
- mesenchymal cell means a cell derived from mesenchymal tissue and a cell obtained by culturing the cell
- epithelial cell refers to a cell derived from epithelial tissue and its cell. It means cells obtained by culturing.
- Pigment cells are cells that are distributed in the epidermis and dermis layers of the skin and in the epithelial layer of the hair follicle and produce melanin.
- the melanin produced by the pigment cells is deeply involved in the color of the hair.
- Pigment cells are known to differentiate from pigment stem cells and pigment cell precursor cells.
- the “pigment stem cell” means a melanocyte precursor cell or melanoblast (pigment stem cell) that differentiates into a pigment cell (melanocyte).
- melanoblast refers to stem cells that can differentiate into melanocytes and melanocyte progenitor cells and have no undifferentiated pigment.
- the melanocyte progenitor cell is a progenitor cell that can differentiate into melanocytes and does not have an undifferentiated pigment.
- a pigment cell refers to a cell having a terminally differentiated pigment.
- “cell aggregates containing pigment stem cells” refers to tissues and regions containing pigment stem cells as described above, and these tissues and regions are separated into cell units by enzyme treatment, unification treatment, or the like. It includes cells that have been brought into a state of being separated, or separated cells that have been made into cell aggregates by centrifugation or the like.
- the cell aggregate containing pigment stem cells can be a cell aggregate substantially composed of pigment stem cells.
- the “bulge region” refers to a hair follicle steady region that is below the sebaceous gland attachment site of the hair follicle and above the napped muscle attachment site.
- a ring burst exists at a site corresponding to the site where the napped muscles are attached.
- the ring brusto is a ring-shaped structure composed of nerve-derived mesenchymal cells attached to the lower end of the cheek beard hair follicle invariant part, and is a structure peculiar to rodent cheek beards.
- the “bulge region” in a hair follicle such as a cheek beard that does not have raised hairs is defined as a region below the sebaceous gland attachment site of the hair follicle and above the ring bullst.
- region invariable part area
- the “sub-bulge region” refers to the lowermost end portion of the steady region adjacent below the bulge region.
- the “base of hair matrix” refers to a region of the hair matrix of the hair bulb that is located below the Auber line and in which melanocytes that produce melanin are not distributed.
- the “regenerated hair follicle primordium” is cultured in the support by bringing the first cell aggregate containing mesenchymal cells into close contact with the second cell aggregate containing epithelial cells. It means a hair follicle primordium made by a method comprising a step.
- the step of bringing the first cell aggregate containing mesenchymal cells and the second cell aggregate containing epithelial cells into close contact and culturing them inside the support is, for example, Patent Document 1 and JP2008 -29756, JP-A-2008-206500, JP-A-2008-200033, and JP-A-2008-29757, the disclosures of each of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. It is.
- At least one of the first cell aggregate and the second cell aggregate is combined with a cell aggregate containing pigment stem cells. Then, it culture
- melanoblast exists in the epithelial layer of a hair follicle, when using melanoblast as a pigment stem cell, it is preferable to make it couple
- “to combine the first or second cell aggregate with the cell aggregate including the pigment stem cell” means that a certain cell aggregate is totally or partially combined with another cell aggregate. It includes mixing with the body, and also includes contacting or adhering the surfaces of the cell aggregates together. Therefore, the 1st or 2nd cell aggregate combined with the cell aggregate containing a pigment stem cell will be in the state where the pigment stem cell was mixed in the cell aggregate, or the state which included it.
- the number of cells of the first cell aggregate or the second cell aggregate can be appropriately set depending on the conditions of cells to be used, but is within the range of 0.1: 1 to 100: 1, for example. It is preferable to adjust so that it is within the range of 0.1: 1 to 10: 1, more preferably, so that it is within the range of 0.5: 1 to 2: 1. Is more preferable.
- the ratio between the number of cells in the first cell aggregate or the number of cells in the second cell aggregate and the number of cells in the cell aggregate containing the pigment stem cells controls the hair color of the regenerated hair follicle primordium that is produced. It is not limited to the above range as much as possible.
- the pigment stem cell is added to each cell aggregate so as to be within the above range. Including cell aggregates can be combined. At this time, the density of the hair color can also be controlled by adjusting the ratio of the number of pigment stem cells to be bound to the first cell aggregate or the second cell aggregate.
- the cell aggregate including mesenchymal cells can be appropriately set depending on the conditions of the cells used, for example, in the range of 0.1: 1 to 3: 1 It is preferable to adjust so as to be within the range, and it is more preferable to adjust so as to be within the range of 0.3: 1 to 1: 1. In addition, when the ratio of the number of epithelial cells is increased during culturing, an improvement in the generation rate of regenerated hair and an improvement in hair quality can be desired, which is preferable in this respect.
- the other cell aggregate is substantially only mesenchymal cell or substantially It can consist only of epithelial cells.
- substantially composed only of mesenchymal cells means that, in the present invention, a certain cell aggregate performs the same function as when composed of only mesenchymal cells. Preferably, it refers to a state that contains as little as possible cells other than cells that become mesenchymal cells.
- different types of cells may be included as long as they are mesenchymal cells. The same applies to “substantially composed of epithelial cells”.
- the cell aggregate may be in a state where the cells are in close contact or in a state where the cells are not in close contact, or may be a tissue or a group of cells that have been singulated after being collected from the tissue. It may also be a cell aggregate prepared from Using a tissue has an advantage that an organ having a correct cell arrangement and shape can be easily obtained, but the amount available can be limited. Since the cell aggregate can also be used as a cultured cell, it is relatively easy to obtain and is preferable at least in that respect.
- the cell aggregate when the cell aggregate is injected into the support and in contact with the culturing in order to produce the regenerated hair follicle primordium, the cell aggregate is a tissue or a cell aggregate in a state where the cells are in close contact. Preferably there is.
- a pigment stem cell derived from a hair follicle is preferable in this respect because it is easy to direct the hair follicle regeneration.
- melanoblasts melanoblasts existing in the subbulge region of the hair follicle can be used, and when using melanocyte progenitor cells as pigment stem cells, the hair matrix base of the hair follicles can be used. Melanocyte progenitor cells present in can be used.
- the pigment stem cells derived from other than the hair follicle those distributed in the epidermis layer in the skin can be used.
- mesenchymal cells and epithelial cells used in the present invention is derived from hair follicles (including organs, tissues and cells constituting hair follicles). This makes it possible to easily form an organ using cells that have already been oriented to the hair follicle. In order to produce hair follicles more reliably, it is most preferable that both mesenchymal cells and epithelial cells are derived from hair follicles.
- mesenchymal cells or epithelial cells derived from hair follicles can be used. More specifically, dermal papilla cells, dermal root sheath cells, nascent skin mesenchymal cells, and the like can be used as mesenchymal cells, and epithelial cells include bulge outer sheath root sheaths. The outermost layer cells, epithelial cells of the base of the hair matrix and the like can be used.
- hair follicle mesenchymal cells derived from iPS cells or ES cells can also be used as mesenchymal cells
- hair follicle epithelial cells derived from iPS cells or ES cells can also be used as epithelial cells. it can.
- the hair follicle for collecting mesenchymal cells, epithelial cells, and pigment stem cells is preferably in the growth phase.
- the hair follicle may be derived from a fetus or an adult.
- cells are collected from fetal hair follicles, hair follicle cells in the hair follicle organ development stage can be efficiently collected, and undifferentiated cells can be obtained, which is preferable in this respect.
- useful cells can be separated and obtained by utilizing the regional characteristics of cell distribution in the organ, which is preferable in this respect.
- the cells of the subject can be used, it is preferable from the viewpoint of avoiding rejection reactions due to immunity and avoiding ethical problems such as the use of ES cells. Furthermore, there is a report that the hair follicle after transplantation is immunologically tolerated (Reynolds et.al., Trans-gender induction of hair fulls. Nature. 1999 Nov. 4; 402 (6757): 33-4.), Or If immunosuppression is possible by other methods, it is possible to use surgical materials derived from adults of other families generated in cosmetic plastic surgery and the like, which is preferable because of its very high industrial value.
- mesenchymal cells derived from other than hair follicles cells derived from other mesenchymal tissues in the living body can also be used.
- bone marrow cells and mesenchymal cells that do not contain blood cells more preferably oral mesenchymal cells, bone marrow cells in the jawbone, mesenchymal cells derived from head neural crest cells, and these mesenchymal cells
- mesenchymal progenitor cells and stem cells that can be differentiated into systemic cells.
- amnion-derived cells as mesenchymal cells is described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2008-206500, and an example of using cells obtained by inducing differentiation of totipotent stem cells is described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2008-200033. Incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
- epithelial cells derived from other than hair follicles cells derived from other epithelial tissues in the living body can also be used.
- epithelial cells of the skin and oral mucosa and gingiva more preferably immature epithelial progenitor cells that can differentiate into differentiated, eg, keratinized or keratinized epithelial cells, such as skin and mucous membranes, For example, non-keratinized epithelial cells and stem cells thereof.
- An example of using oral epithelial cells and their primary cultured cells as epithelial cells is described in JP 2008-29756 A, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
- mesenchymal cells and epithelial cells it is preferable to use mesenchymal cells and epithelial cells to be transplanted or a tissue containing these cells.
- Mesenchymal cells, epithelial cells, pigment stem cells, or tissues containing these cells for producing regenerated hair follicle primordia are mammalian primates (eg, humans, monkeys, etc.), ungulates (eg, pigs) , Cattle, horses, etc.), small mammal rodents (eg, mice, rats, rabbits, etc.), as well as dogs, cats and other various animals.
- the conditions usually used for the collection of the tissue may be applied as they are, and they are removed in a sterile state and stored in an appropriate preservation solution. do it.
- Preparation of mesenchymal cells and epithelial cells from hair follicles is performed, for example, by first separating hair follicles isolated from surrounding tissue into mesenchymal tissue and epithelial tissue according to the shape.
- preparation of pigment stem cells from hair follicles for example, when separating subbulge regions containing melanoblasts, the bottom end of the stationary part adjacent to the bulge region, with the sebaceous glands and napped muscles as landmarks under a microscope.
- the base of the hair matrix containing the melanocyte progenitor cells it can be separated from the lowermost end of the variable part below the Auber line using the microscopic view, with the hair bulb of the hair papilla as a landmark. it can.
- melanoblasts are further extracted from cells that have been singulated by enzyme treatment. Can be separated and acquired.
- an enzyme may be used to facilitate the separation. Examples of the enzyme include known ones such as dispase, collagenase, and trypsin, and those skilled in the art can appropriately use preferable enzymes.
- cell aggregates containing mesenchymal cells, epithelial cells, or pigment stem cells separated from hair follicles are passed through a filter for cell separation before being used for production of regenerated hair follicle primordia. It is preferable that it is unified.
- the unification process is to dissociate the adhesion between cells and give them fluidity. By this process, the added cells can be mixed uniformly and a regenerated hair follicle primordium is produced. It is preferable because it can be handled with a micropipette.
- the filter for cell separation is not particularly limited as long as it can separate a cell aggregate containing mesenchymal cells, epithelial cells, or pigment stem cells from other tissues and other cells.
- the diameter of the cell separation filter can be appropriately selected by those skilled in the art for each cell to be collected. For example, a filter having a diameter of 40 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m can be used.
- the cell aggregate in the present invention includes cells in which cells derived from mesenchymal tissue or epithelial tissue are aggregated, cells in which cells including pigment stem cells are aggregated, or cells derived from mesenchymal tissue or epithelial tissue and pigment stem cells. It means a group of cells aggregated.
- Such cell agglomerates are obtained by aggregating cells obtained by dispersing regions containing mesenchymal tissue, epithelial tissue, or pigment stem cells, or cells obtained by primary or subculture of the cells. Can also be prepared.
- the culture medium used for the culture is generally a medium used for culturing animal cells, such as Dulbecco. Modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) or the like can be used. Serum for promoting cell growth may be added, or as a substitute for serum, cell growth factors such as FGF, EGF, and PDGF, and known serum components such as transferrin may be added. In addition, although the density
- the cell suspension may be centrifuged.
- the cell aggregates of mesenchymal cells and epithelial cells are preferably kept in a high density state so as to ensure cell interaction when they are brought into close contact.
- the high density state means that the density is equivalent to the density at the time of composing the tissue. For example, 5 ⁇ 10 7 pieces / ml to 1 ⁇ 10 9 pieces / ml, preferably 1 ⁇ 10 8 pieces / ml. 1 ⁇ 10 9 cells / ml, most preferably 2 ⁇ 10 8 cells / ml to 8 ⁇ 10 8 cells / ml.
- the method for increasing the density of the cell aggregate is not particularly limited, and for example, it can be performed by a method in which cells are aggregated and precipitated by centrifugation. Centrifugation is preferable because it can be easily densified without impairing cell activity. Centrifugation may be performed for 3 to 10 minutes at a rotational speed that applies a centrifugal force of 300 ⁇ g to 1200 ⁇ g, preferably 500 ⁇ g to 1000 ⁇ g. Centrifugation lower than 300 ⁇ g tends to prevent the cell density from becoming sufficiently high, while centrifugation higher than 1200 ⁇ g may damage cells.
- the cell suspension When preparing high-density cell agglomerates by centrifugation, the cell suspension is usually prepared in a tube or other container used to centrifuge cells, and then centrifuged to obtain a precipitate. The supernatant may be removed as much as possible while leaving the cells. At this time, it is preferable that components other than the target cell (for example, a culture solution, a buffer solution, etc.) are equal to or less than the volume of the cell, and most preferable that the component other than the target cell is not included. If such a high-density cell aggregate is brought into close contact within the support carrier by the method described later, the cells come into close contact with each other, and cell-cell interactions are effectively exhibited.
- components other than the target cell for example, a culture solution, a buffer solution, etc.
- a cell aggregate containing mesenchymal cells or epithelial cells and pigment stem cells can also be prepared by, for example, the above-described centrifugation treatment, specifically, centrifugation.
- the mesenchymal cells or epithelial cells and the cell aggregates containing the pigment stem cells were adjusted and included at a desirable ratio, and the pigment stem cells were mixed by centrifugation.
- Cell aggregates can be made.
- the support carrier used for the purpose of culturing the first and second cell aggregates is not particularly limited as long as the cells can be cultured therein.
- gels, fibers, solids, etc. The use of such a support carrier can further prevent an excessive pressure from being applied to the regenerated hair follicle primordium in vivo.
- the support carrier used in the present invention include collagen, agarose gel, carboxymethylcellulose, gelatin, agar, hydrogel, cell matrix (trade name), meviol gel (trade name), matrigel (trade name), elastin, fibrin, Examples include laminin, extracellular matrix mixture, polyglycolic acid (PGA), polylactic acid (PLA), and lactic acid / glycolic acid copolymer (PLGA).
- the support carrier may be liquid, and may be cured after arranging the regenerated hair follicle primordium composed of the first and second cell aggregates.
- a collagen gel drop is prepared on a culture dish, and a regenerated hair follicle primordium is placed in the collagen drop, followed by culturing in a CO 2 incubator at 37 ° C. to gel the collagen.
- the support carrier used for the purpose of culturing the first and second cell aggregates preferably has a holding force capable of maintaining the adhesion state of the cell aggregates without the cells being dispersed.
- the close contact state means that the above-described high-density mesenchymal cell and epithelial cell aggregates maintain the same high density near the contact surface between mesenchymal cells and epithelial cells. Means the state.
- the support carrier capable of maintaining the close contact state is a final concentration of 2 mg / ml to 3 mg / ml, that is, a method according to JIS-K6503-1996 (pressing 4 mm with a 12.7 mm diameter plunger) Use at a concentration that results in a jelly strength of 120 g to 250 g depending on the load required to provide a suitable hardness.
- Other types of support carriers are also preferably used as the support carrier of the present invention if they have the same strength by the same evaluation method.
- the method of disposing the first and second cell aggregates in the support carrier is not particularly limited.
- the cell aggregate is a cell aggregate
- the precipitate obtained by the above-mentioned centrifugation is collected with a microsyringe or the like. It can be placed in a support carrier.
- the cell aggregate is a tissue, it can be placed at any position in the support carrier using the tip of a syringe needle or the like.
- the method for arranging the first and second cell aggregates in close contact with the support carrier is not particularly limited.
- the other cell aggregate is By arranging so as to press against it, both can be brought into close contact with each other. More specifically, one cell aggregate can be pressed against the other cell aggregate by appropriately changing the position of the tip of the syringe needle in the support carrier.
- epithelial tissue or mesenchymal tissue is used as the cell aggregate, the tissue was in contact with the mesenchymal tissue or epithelial tissue in the original organ (including tissues belonging to the organ), respectively. It is preferable to arrange the surface in contact with the other cell aggregate.
- a cell can further aggregate and it can be set as a higher density state.
- a cell can be solidified by allowing it to stand for several minutes to several tens of minutes at the culture temperature. At this time, the smaller the components other than the cells in the cell aggregate, the higher the density state is realized.
- the culture period varies depending on the number of cells arranged in the support carrier, the state of the cell aggregate, the culture conditions, the animal species, etc., and can be appropriately selected by those skilled in the art.
- the formation of the regenerated hair follicle primordium can be further advanced.
- the culture may be performed for 1 day or more, 2 days or more, 6 days or more, 30 days or more, 50 days or more, 100 days or more, or 300 days or more.
- culture conditions can be changed.
- the regenerated hair follicle primordium is preferably cultured for at least one day, and more preferably two days or more.
- the support carrier enclosing the first and second cell aggregates may be cultured alone, or may be cultured in the presence of other animal cells or the like.
- the culture conditions can be those used for culturing general animal cells.
- mammal-derived serum may be added to the culture, and various cellular factors known to be effective for the growth and differentiation of these cells may be added. Examples of such cellular factors include FGF and BMP.
- organ culture generally, a porous membrane is floated on a medium suitable for the growth of animal cells, and a support carrier containing the first and second cell aggregates is placed on the membrane and cultured.
- the porous membrane used here preferably has a large number of pores of about 0.3 to 5 ⁇ m, and examples thereof include a cell culture insert (trade name) and an isopore filter (trade name). .
- the regenerated hair follicle comprising the first and second cell aggregates after the first and second cell aggregates are placed in close contact with the support carrier or cultured.
- Guides can also be inserted into the primordial.
- the “guide” that can be used in the present invention is inserted into a regenerated hair follicle primordium in culture constructed by organ culture, and after transplantation of the regenerated hair follicle primordium, the epithelial cell side of the regenerated hair follicle primordium This is to promote the connection between the portion and the recipient epithelial cells.
- the guide used is not particularly limited as long as it has the above-mentioned effects.
- chemical fibers such as glass fibers, natural animal fibers and plant fibers, and more specifically, nylon threads and stainless steel wires.
- living body-derived hair can also be used as a guide.
- the guide used in the present invention may have a hollow fiber shape.
- the diameter of the guide can be appropriately set by those skilled in the art.
- the diameter is preferably 5 to 100 ⁇ m, and more preferably 20 to 50 ⁇ m.
- the length of the guide used for the regenerated hair follicle primordium can be appropriately set by those skilled in the art.
- the length is preferably 1 to 10 mm, more preferably 4 to 6 mm.
- the insertion of the guide makes the first and second cell assemblies perpendicular to each other without destroying the structure of the regenerated hair follicle primordium, in particular the contact surface between the first and second cell assemblies. So as to penetrate through the epithelial cell side of the cell aggregate that becomes the regenerated hair follicle primordium.
- the guide can be inserted into the cell aggregate serving as the regenerated hair follicle primordium immediately after the start of organ culture, that is, immediately after the epithelial cells and mesenchymal cells are placed in the medium.
- the guide When the guide is inserted after culturing for a while, the epithelial cells of the regenerated hair follicle primordium are increased in strength by cell adhesion by organ culture, so the material strength of the guide (for example, using a stainless steel wire) and the guide It can be inserted 1-2 days after the start of culture by increasing the penetrating force by sharpening the tip of the tube. Setting the guide insertion timing immediately after the organ primordia is created is preferable in that a flexible material can be used with a low foreign body response to a living body such as nylon thread.
- the contact surface between the first cell assembly and the second cell assembly is more firmly adhered, and the contact surface is not broken by the insertion of the guide. It is preferable in terms.
- the regenerated hair follicle primordium can be cultured with the guide inserted.
- the culture period after the guide is inserted is preferably 1 to 4 days, more preferably 1.5 to 2 days.
- the adhesion between the guide and the regenerated hair follicle primordium becomes strong, and it does not easily come off during transplantation.
- the epithelial cell side portion of the regenerated hair follicle primordium can be extended along the guide by culturing after the guide is inserted.
- Such elongation can improve the efficiency and stability of autonomous adhesion between the epithelial cell side portion of the regenerated hair follicle primordium and the recipient epithelial cell after transplantation of the regenerated hair follicle primordium. .
- the regenerated hair follicle primordium for transplantation produced by the production method of the present invention is a regenerated hair follicle capable of forming a functional melanoblast stem cell niche in the hair follicle regenerated after transplantation. It is the primordial. This melanoblast stem cell niche is formed in the outer root sheath of the subbulge region, similar to natural hair follicles.
- the functional stem cell niche of melanoblast refers to one having a function of maintaining melanoblast and a function of differentiating and supplying melanocytes in a portion constituting the niche. Since the regenerated hair follicle primordium for transplantation in one embodiment of the present invention can regenerate a hair follicle with a functional melanoblast stem cell niche, the hair follicle can permanently form colored hair. To do.
- a method for transplanting a regenerated hair follicle primordium for transplantation with controlled hair color produced by the production method of the present invention to a target site By transplanting the regenerated follicle primordium for transplantation with controlled hair color produced by the production method of the present invention, hair growth with controlled hair color can be obtained at the transplant site. In particular, even when a regenerated hair follicle primordium is reconstructed from an adult-derived hair follicle, colored hair can be obtained at the transplant site by transplanting the regenerated hair follicle primordium.
- the regenerated hair follicle primordium for transplantation with controlled hair color can be transplanted to a target site by a method known to those skilled in the art.
- hair transplantation using a Shapiro type hair transplantation or Choi type hair transplanter It can be transplanted using the implanted planter.
- Shapiro hair transplantation is a method of transplanting a transplant using tweezers after making a transplant with a micro knife or the like at a target transplant site.
- the regenerated hair follicle primordium for transplantation has a guide, it can be operated without directly touching the regenerated hair follicle primordium, and can be operated easily.
- the transplantation depth of the regenerated hair follicle primordium is, for example, preferably 0.05 to 5 mm, more preferably 0.1 to 1 mm, and most preferably 0.3 to 0.5 mm.
- the regenerated hair follicle primordium at the time of transplantation is transplanted so that the epithelial cell side of the regenerated hair follicle primordium is on the recipient's body surface side and the mesenchymal cell side of the regenerated hair follicle primordium is inside the recipient's body. It is preferable that the hair growth direction can be controlled to the body surface side. Further, it is preferable to adjust the transplantation depth so that the upper end portion of the epithelial cell component of the regenerated hair follicle primordium is exposed at the upper end portion of the transplanted wound because the continuity with the epithelial cells of the recipient can be further increased.
- the guide and the target site can be fixed with a tape or a band for skin bonding so that the guide does not come off.
- the guide is removed from the transplant site after continuity between the recipient epithelial cells and the side of the regenerated hair follicle primordium derived from the epithelial cells is secured. Can do.
- the timing for withdrawing the guide can be set as appropriate. For example, it is preferable to withdraw from the transplantation site 3 to 7 days after transplantation.
- the guide can be left until it is naturally removed from the transplant site.
- the guide of bioabsorbable material can be left naturally until it is removed from the transplant site or decomposed / absorbed.
- the epithelial cells on the recipient side extend along the guide to the inside of the transplant site so as to exclude foreign substances, Cells derived from epithelial cells of the regenerated hair follicle primordium extend along the guide.
- continuity between the epithelial cells on the recipient side after transplantation and the epithelial cells side of the regenerated hair follicle primordium can be improved.
- the insertion of the guide is preferable because the polarity of the epithelial cells and mesenchymal cells can be improved in the regenerated hair follicle primordium during culture.
- the orientation at the time of transplantation can be made easy.
- continuity between the regenerated hair follicle primordium and the recipient epithelial cells can be secured, and hair follicle formation can be promoted in the intended direction.
- the hair growth rate from the regenerated hair follicle primordium can be improved and the direction of hair growth can be controlled.
- Embodiments of the present invention may be described with reference to schematic diagrams, but in the case of schematic diagrams, they may be exaggerated for clarity of explanation.
- terms such as first, second, etc. are used to represent various elements, it is understood that these elements should not be limited by those terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another, for example, the first element is referred to as the second element, and similarly, the second element is the first element. Can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention.
- the expression above or below the hair follicle is, for convenience, the portion where the hair papilla exists in the hair follicle structure, and the hair follicle on the side opposite to the hair papilla, that is, the hair grows. ⁇
- the extending direction shall be upward.
- DMEM10 DMEM medium
- 10 mM HEPES, 10% fetal bovine serum, and 1% penicillin / streptomycin solution is used as a preservation solution for preserving the separated hair follicle and the extracted hair papilla during work. It was.
- the separated dermal papilla is seeded in a 3.5 cm culture plastic dish (Nippon Becton Dickinson), and in DMEM10 containing 10 ng / ml FGF2 (Wako Pure Chemical Industries), 5% CO 2 , 37 ° C., humidity 95% environment Primary culture was performed below.
- the separated bulge region epithelial tissue was subjected to enzyme treatment with 0.05% Trypsin (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, US) for 1 hour in an incubator and made into a single cell through a 35 ⁇ m pore cell strainer.
- Trypsin Invitrogen, Carlsbad, US
- the cultured hair papilla cells were collected with 0.05% Trypsin (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, US) and made into singulated cells through a 35 ⁇ m pore cell strainer.
- Regenerated hair follicle primordium was prepared according to the organ primordium method. Details of the procedure are described below.
- the singulated bulge region cells and the cultivated cultured dermal papilla cells obtained as described above were each transferred to a 1.5 ml microtube (Eppendorf) coated with silicon grease and centrifuged.
- the supernatant of the culture solution after centrifugation is completely removed using 0.5-20 ml of GELoader Tip (Eppendorf). did.
- Cellmatrix type IA (Nita gelatin, Osaka, Japan) was dropped on a Petri dish coated with silicon grease (Toray Dow Corning) to prepare a collagen gel drop, and the single unit prepared above About 0.2 ml of the cultured dermal papilla cells were injected using a 0.1-10 ml pipette tip (Quality Scientific plastics) to produce a cell aggregate. Subsequently, the bulge region cells prepared above were placed in the same gel drop using a 0.1-10 ml pipette tip (Quality Scientific plastics) so as to adhere onto the aggregates of cultured hair papilla cells. About 2 ml was injected to prepare a cell aggregate.
- a nylon thread having a total length of 5 mm (Matsuda Medical Industry) was inserted from the bulge region cells of the cell aggregate, and then allowed to stand at 37 ° C. for 5 minutes to solidify the gel drop, so that the bulge region cells and cultured dermal papilla cells A regenerated hair follicle primordium was prepared by strengthening the bond.
- subbulge region cells and hair matrix basal cells were prepared and used for the production of regenerated hair follicle primordia.
- (5) Preparation of subbulge region cells In the same procedure as the acquisition of the bulge region described in (3), the constant region above the ring blast attachment site from the buccal follicle of 7-8 week old C57BL / 6 mice And the lowermost part of the stationary part adjacent to the bulge area was separated as a sub-bulge area, and the cells were unified into sub-bulge area cells using enzyme treatment and cell separation filters.
- the singulated bulge region cells when the singulated bulge region cells are concentrated by centrifugation, the singulated about about 10% obtained in (6) or (7) above.
- the singulated about 400 hair matrix base cells By mixing 400 sub-bulge area cells or singulated about 400 hair matrix base cells with about 10,000 bulge area epithelial cells and centrifuging them, A cell aggregate containing a unified hair matrix base cell and a unified bulge region cell was prepared.
- the cell aggregate obtained in this way is injected so that it adheres onto the aggregate of cultured hair papilla cells in the gel drop instead of the bulge area cells, so that the sub-bulge area cell addition group or hair matrix A regenerated hair follicle primordium was prepared as a basal cell addition group.
- Each regenerated hair follicle primordium prepared in the gel by the above-described method is collagen on the Cell Culture Insert (Becton Dickinson) of 0.4 ml pore size set in 6 well Plate (Becton Dickinson) to which 1 ml of DMEM10 is added. The whole gel was transferred and cultured at 37 ° C., 5% CO 2 and 95% humidity for 2 days.
- the collagen gel was removed from the regenerated hair follicle primordium with a nylon thread guide inserted, and inserted so that the epithelial cell components were facing the body surface side of the graft.
- the implantation depth was adjusted so that the upper end of the epithelial cell component of the regenerated hair follicle primordium was exposed at the upper end of the transplanted wound, and the nylon thread guide was positioned so as to be exposed on the body surface.
- a nylon thread guide was fixed to the surface of the skin adjacent to the graft with a steristrip (3M), and then the graft was protected with a nurse van and surgical tape (3M).
- the protective tape was removed 5-7 days after the transplantation, and the follow-up was performed after the engraftment of the transplant was judged visually or with a fluorescent stereomicroscope.
- the regenerated hair follicle primordium derived from the adult cheek fistula was confined to the bulge area that does not contain melanoblast, so the regenerated hair follicle primordium did not have melanoblast, The possibility of whitening was suggested because melanocytes differentiated into hair matrix were not included.
- a hair follicle derived from a regenerated hair follicle primordium prepared by adding single cells of a subbulge region to a cell aggregate of bulge regions and dermal papilla cells derived from a colored mouse adult cheek fistula,
- melanoblast was able to be detected in the outer root sheath of the subbulge region where the stem cell niche of melanoblast should be present, as in the case of natural hair follicles.
- the melanoblast stem cell niche reproduces the stem cell maintenance function and is regenerated after a long period of time after transplantation to confirm whether it can permanently form black hair. Observation was made on the ability to form black hair in the hair follicle.
- regenerated hair follicle primordia used for observation, unilateral cells derived from the basal region of the hair matrix are added to bulge region epithelial cells derived from colored mouse adult cheeks and hair papillae cells derived from adult mouse cheeks
- the regenerated hair follicle primordium (hair matrix base added section) prepared by the above was used.
- hair follicles regenerated by transplanting a regenerated hair follicle primordium prepared from colored mouse adult buccal-derived bulge region epithelial cells and adult mouse buccal-derived hair papilla cells were observed.
- black hair was formed on days 36 and 306 after transplantation of the regenerated hair follicle primordium in the hair matrix base added region (FIG. 6).
- the hair follicles formed from the regenerated hair follicle primordium averaged about 15 days, and the formation of black hair was repeated about 20 times on average.
- the control group only the formation of white hair was observed even at 306 days after transplantation.
- hair color can be controlled by adding cells in a region containing melanoblasts or melanocyte precursor cells to the regenerated hair follicle primordium.
- the colored hair produced from the regenerated hair follicle primordia prepared by the addition of pigment stem cells has a normal form of hair shaft.
- hair follicles regenerated from regenerated hair follicle primordia prepared by the addition of pigment stem cells can regenerate the melanoblast stem cell niche within the hair follicle.
- the hair follicle regenerated from the regenerated hair follicle primordia prepared by adding the dye stem cells can permanently maintain the formation of colored hair. This is because the melanoblast stem cell niche in the regenerated hair follicle can maintain the melanoblast for a long period of time, and further reproduce the physiological function of the hair follicle to supply melanocytes to the hair matrix Show what you can do.
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Abstract
Description
即ち、本発明は、移植後に生じる発毛の毛色が制御された移植用再生毛包原基の製造方法であって、間葉系細胞を含む第1の細胞集合体を調製する工程、上皮系細胞を含む第2の細胞集合体を調製する工程、色素幹細胞を含む細胞集合体を調製する工程、前記第1の細胞集合体と前記第2の細胞集合体との少なくとも一方に、前記色素幹細胞を含む細胞集合体とを結合させる工程、及び、続いて、前記第1の細胞集合体と前記第2の細胞集合体であって、少なくとも一方が、前記色素幹細胞を含む細胞集合体と結合した前記第1の細胞集合体と前記第2の細胞集合体とを密着させて支持体内部で培養する工程、を含む、移植用再生毛包原基の製造方法に関する。
また、本発明の移植用再生毛包原基の製造方法の一実施態様においては、前記第2の細胞集合体が上皮系細胞から実質的に構成されることを特徴とする。
また、本発明の移植用再生毛包原基の製造方法の一実施態様においては、前記色素幹細胞を含む細胞集合体が、単一化処理されたものであることを特徴とする。
また、本発明の移植用再生毛包原基の製造方法の一実施態様においては、前記色素幹細胞が、サブバルジ領域由来のメラノブラスト、または、毛母基底部由来のメラノサイト前駆細胞であることを特徴とする。
また、本発明の移植用再生毛包原基の製造方法の一実施態様においては、前記細胞集合体同士を結合させる工程において、前記第1の細胞集合体の細胞数または前記第2の細胞集合体の細胞数と、前記色素幹細胞を含む細胞集合体の細胞数との比が、0.1:1~100:1の範囲内であることを特徴とする。
また、本発明の移植用再生毛包原基の製造方法の一実施態様においては、前記間葉系細胞が、毛乳頭細胞または真皮毛根鞘細胞であることを特徴とする。
また、本発明の移植用再生毛包原基の製造方法の一実施態様においては、前記上皮系細胞が、バルジ領域上皮細胞または毛母基底部上皮細胞であることを特徴とする。
また、本発明の移植用再生毛包原基の製造方法の一実施態様においては、前記間葉系細胞または上皮系細胞が、成体の毛包由来であることを特徴とする。
また、本発明の移植用再生毛包原基の製造方法の一実施態様においては、前記再生毛包原基にガイドを挿入する工程をさらに含むことを特徴とする。
また、本発明の移植用再生毛包原基の製造方法の一実施態様においては、前記再生毛包原基を移植した際に再生する再生毛包が、メラノブラストの幹細胞ニッチを備えることを特徴とする。
また、本発明の移植用再生毛包原基の製造方法の一実施態様においては、前記再生毛包原基を移植した際に再生する再生毛包が、永続的に有色毛を形成可能であることを特徴とする。
さらに、本発明の別の態様は、上記移植用再生毛包原基の製造方法により作製された移植用再生毛包原基を、対象とする部位へ移植する工程を含む、毛色が制御された移植用再生毛包原基の移植方法に関する。
また、本発明の移植用再生毛包原基の移植方法の一実施態様においては、前記ガイドを移植部位より突出した状態で維持することにより、移植した再生毛包原基の上皮系細胞側の部分と前記対象の上皮系細胞とがガイドに沿って伸長し、連結することを特徴とする。
さらに、本発明の一実施態様においては、本発明により作製される移植用再生毛包原基の移植後に再生する再生毛包において、メラノブラストの幹細胞ニッチを形成させることができる。これにより、毛胞中のメラノブラストの幹細胞ニッチが、メラノブラストを維持するとともに、メラノサイトを適宜供給することができるため、長期間にわたり有色毛を形成させることができる。
また、本明細書において、「色素幹細胞」とは、色素細胞(メラノサイト)へ分化するメラノサイト前駆細胞、メラノブラスト(色素幹細胞)を意味する。なお、色素幹細胞を含むという場合には、上記細胞のいずれか一種を用いることもできるし、組み合わせて用いることもできる。また、メラノブラストとは、メラノサイトおよびメラノサイト前駆細胞へと分化可能であって、未分化状態の色素を持たない幹細胞をいう。メラノブラストは、毛包中の特定の幹細胞ニッチにて長期間、未分化状態が維持される。また、メラノサイト前駆細胞とは、メラノサイトへ分化可能な前駆細胞であって、未分化状態の色素を持たない前駆細胞をいう。そして、色素細胞(メラノサイト)とは、最終分化した色素を有する細胞をいう。
また、本明細書において、「色素幹細胞を含む細胞集合体」とは、上記のような色素幹細胞を含む組織や領域、これらの組織や領域を酵素処理や単一化処理等により細胞単位に分離させた状態の細胞、または、分離した細胞を遠心分離等により細胞凝集塊にした状態を含む。また、色素幹細胞を含む細胞集合体は、実質的に色素幹細胞より構成される細胞集合体とすることもできる。
また、本発明において、「毛母基底部」とは、毛球部の毛母のうちでAuber氏線よりも下方に位置し、メラニンを産生するメラノサイトが分布しない領域をいう。
なお、メラノブラストは毛包の上皮層に存在するため、色素幹細胞としてメラノブラストを用いる際は、上皮系細胞を含む細胞集合体へ結合させる方が幹細胞の機能を維持できる点で好ましい。
しかしながら、第1の細胞集合体の細胞数または第2の細胞集合体の細胞数と、色素幹細胞を含む細胞集合体の細胞数との比は、作製される再生毛包原基の毛色を制御できる限りにおいて上記の範囲に限定されない。
第1の細胞集合体および第2の細胞集合体の両方に色素幹細胞を含む細胞集合体を結合させる際にも、それぞれの細胞集合体に対して、上記の範囲内となるように色素幹細胞を含む細胞集合体を結合させることができる。
またこのとき、第1の細胞集合体または第2の細胞集合体に結合させる色素幹細胞の細胞数の割合を調整することで、毛色の濃淡についても制御することができる。
また、毛包以外に由来する色素幹細胞としては、皮膚内の表皮層内に分布しているものを用いることができる。
また、毛包からの色素幹細胞の調製は、例えば、メラノブラストを含むサブバルジ領域を分離する際には、顕微鏡検鏡下で皮脂腺と立毛筋を目印として、バルジ領域に隣接した定常部最下端部として分離することができる。また、メラノサイト前駆細胞を含む毛母基底部を分離する際には、顕微鏡検鏡下、毛乳頭の毛球部を目印として、Auber氏線よりも下方の可変部最下端部より分離することができる。さらに、メラノブラストのマーカーであるDctのプロモーター下にGFPを組み込んだ遺伝子を導入した動物由来の細胞や培養細胞を材料とする場合は、酵素処理により単一化した細胞から、さらにメラノブラストをセルソーターで分離・取得することができる。また、組織から間葉系細胞、上皮系細胞、サブバルジ領域、および毛母基底部等を分離する際には、分離を容易に行うため酵素を用いてもよい。酵素としては、ディスパーゼ、コラゲナーゼ、トリプシン等、公知のものを挙げることができ、当業者は適宜好ましい酵素を使用することができる。
本発明で用いられる支持担体としては、例えば、コラーゲン、アガロースゲル、カルボキシメチルセルロース、ゼラチン、寒天、ハイドロゲル、セルマトリクス(商品名)、メビオールゲル(商品名)、マトリゲル(商品名)、エラスチン、フィブリン、ラミニン、細胞外マトリクス混合物、ポリグリコール酸(PGA)、ポリ乳酸(PLA)、乳酸/グリコール酸共重合体(PLGA)等を挙げることができる。中でも、適切な硬さや保持力を有するコラーゲン、アガロースゲル、カルボキシメチルセルロース、ゼラチン、寒天、ハイドロゲル、セルマトリクス、メビオールゲル、マトリゲル、細胞外マトリクス混合物、エラスチン、フィブリン、ラミニンが好ましい。
例えば、支持担体は液状のものを用い、第1と第2の細胞集合体からなる再生毛包原基を配置した後に硬化させてもよい。例えば培養用のディッシュ上にコラーゲンゲルドロップを作製し、コラーゲンドロップ内に再生毛包原基を配置した後、37℃のCO2インキュベータ内で培養することにより、コラーゲンをゲル化させることができる。
また、配置した後に、支持担体を固化する工程を設けることも好ましい。これにより、細胞がさらに凝集して、より高密度な状態とすることができる。例えば、コラーゲンゲルの場合、培養温度下で数分~数十分間静置することによって固化することができる。このとき、細胞集合体内に細胞以外の成分が少なければ少ないほど、より高密度な状態が実現される。
培養期間は、長くすることによって、再生毛包原基の形成をより進行させることができる。所望の状態を得るために、例えば、1日以上、2日以上、6日以上、30日以上、50日以上、100日以上、又は300日以上培養してもよく、培養の途中で、培地や培養条件を変更することもできる。
例えば、再生毛包原基を移植した際に、機能的な毛髪を得るためには、再生毛包原基を少なくとも1日培養することが好ましく、2日以上がより好ましい。
支持担体を単独で培養する場合、培養条件は、一般的な動物細胞の培養に用いられる条件とすることができる。また、培養には、哺乳動物由来の血清を添加してもよく、またこれらの細胞の増殖や分化に有効であることが知られている各種細胞因子を添加してもよい。このような細胞因子としては、FGF、BMP等を挙げることができる。
また、再生毛包原基となる細胞集合体へのガイドの挿入は、器官培養開始直後、すなわち、上皮系細胞および間葉系細胞を培地内へ配置した後すぐに挿入することができる。しばらく培養した後に、ガイドを挿入する際には、再生毛包原基の上皮系細胞は器官培養により細胞接着により強度を増すことから、ガイドの素材強度(たとえばステンレス線などを用いたり)とガイドの先端を鋭利とするなどで貫通力を増すことで、培養開始後1~2日目に挿入することもできる。ガイド挿入のタイミングを、器官原基作成直後とすることは、ナイロン糸などの生体に対する異物応答が低くフレキシブルな素材を用いることができる点において好ましい。また、しばらく培養した後にガイドを挿入すると、第1の細胞集合体と第2の細胞集合体との接触面がより強固に接着しており、ガイドの挿入により接触面を壊すことがなく、この点において好ましい。
本発明の製造方法により作製された毛色が制御された移植用再生毛包原基を移植することにより、毛色が制御された発毛を移植部位において得ることができる。特に、成体由来の毛包より再生毛包原基を再構築した際であっても、その再生毛包原基の移植により、移植部位において有色毛を得ることができる。
毛色が制御された移植用再生毛包原基は、当業者に公知の方法で対象とする部位に移植することができ、例えば、シャピロ式植毛術やチョイ式植毛器を用いた植毛、空気圧を利用したインプランター等を使用し、移植することができる。シャピロ式植毛術とは、対象とする移植部位にマイクロメス等で移植創を作った後に、ピンセットを用いて移植物を移植する方法である。このような植毛術を適用する際には、移植用再生毛包原基がガイドを有することで、再生毛包原基を直接触れることなく操作可能であり、簡便に操作することができる。
ガイドは、再生毛包原基を移植後しばらくしてレシピエント側の上皮系細胞と、再生毛包原基の上皮系細胞由来の側との連続性が確保された後、移植部位より抜くことができる。ガイドを抜くタイミングは、適宜設定することができるが、例えば、移植後3日~7日で移植部位から抜くことが好ましい。または、ガイドが、自然と移植部位より抜けるまで放置することもできる。生体吸収性の材料のガイドは、自然と移植部位より抜けるか、分解・吸収されるまで放置することができる。
また、本明細書において用いられる「含む」との用語は、文脈上明らかに異なる理解をすべき場合を除き、記述された事項(部材、ステップ、要素、数字など)が存在することを意図するものであり、それ以外の事項(部材、ステップ、要素、数字など)が存在することを排除しない。
第一の、第二のなどの用語が種々の要素を表現するために用いられるが、これらの要素はそれらの用語によって限定されるべきではないことが理解される。これらの用語は一つの要素を他の要素と区別するためのみに用いられているのであり、例えば、第一の要素を第二の要素と記し、同様に、第二の要素は第一の要素と記すことは、本発明の範囲を逸脱することなく可能である。
また、本明細書において、毛包における上方または下方の表現は、便宜上、毛包の構成において、毛乳頭が存在する部分を下方とし、毛包において毛乳頭とは反対側、すなわち毛が発毛・伸長する方向を上方とする。
(1)実験動物
7-8週齢のC57BL/6マウス(日本クレア)およびC57BL/6 6-TgN(act-EGFP)マウスより毛包を採取した。また、下記実験手法により作製された再生毛包原基は6-8週齢のBalb/c nu/nuマウス(SLC)に移植した。動物の飼育および実験は、関連法規、省令、および指針を遵守し、東京理科大学動物実験倫理審査会の承認のもとに実施した。
7-8週齢のC57BL/6マウスを頸椎脱臼により安楽死させた後に、毛球部を傷つけないように頬部皮膚全層および皮下組織を採取した。頬髭周囲の皮下組織を除去した後に、毛包を分離した。分離した毛包より成長期I-IV期の頬髭毛包を選択し、選択した頬髭毛包より25G注射針を用いてコラーゲン鞘を取り除き、毛包を露出させた。さらに、露出させた毛包より毛球部を分離し、毛乳頭を摘出した。なお、分離した毛包および摘出した毛乳頭を作業中に保存するための保存液として、10 mMのHEPES,10%牛胎児血清、および1%ペニシリン・ストレプトマイシン溶液を含むDMEM培地(DMEM10)を用いた。分離した毛乳頭は、3.5cm培養プラスチックディッシュ(日本ベクトン・ディッキンソン)に播種し、10ng/mlのFGF2(和光純薬)を含むDMEM10にて、5%CO2、37℃、湿度95%環境下にて初代培養を行った。初代培養毛乳頭細胞は4日目および8日目に培地交換し、9日間培養したのちに、再生毛包原基の作製のために使用した。9日間培養後の初代培養毛乳頭細胞は、PBS(-)で3回洗浄した後に、0.05%トリプシンを含む10mM EDTA溶液(GIBCO)で剥離し、DMEM10でトリプシン中和し、十分洗浄した後に氷温下で使用時まで保存した。
上記(2)において分離した頬髭組織の毛包より、25G注射針を用いてコラーゲン鞘を取り除き、バルジ領域を分離した。バルジ領域組織は終濃度4.8U/mlのDispase II(Becton Dickson)及び100U/mlのCollagenase(Worthington,Lakewood,NJ)溶液にて37℃で4分間反応させ、その後、25G注射針を用いて外科的にバルジ領域上皮組織とバルジ周囲の間葉組織とに分離した。分離したバルジ領域上皮組織は0.05%Trypsin(Invitrogen,Carlsbad,US)でインキュベータにて1時間酵素処理を行い、35μm poreセルストレイナーを通して単一化細胞とした。
また、再生毛包原基の作製直前に、培養毛乳頭細胞は0.05%Trypsin(Invitrogen, Carlsbad,US)にて回収し、35μm poreセルストレイナーを通して単一化細胞とした。
再生毛包原基は器官原基法に従って作製した。以下に手順の詳細を記載する。上記のように取得した、単一化したバルジ領域細胞と単一化した培養毛乳頭細胞は、それぞれシリコングリースを塗布した1.5mlマイクロチューブ(エッペンドルフ)に移し、遠心分離器にかけた。遠心分離により沈殿した単一化したバルジ領域細胞または単一化した培養毛乳頭細胞を回収するため、遠心後の培養液の上清をGELoader Tip0.5-20ml(エッペンドルフ)を用いて完全に除去した。次に、シリコングリース(東レ・ダウコーニング)を塗布したペトリディッシュ上にCellmatrix type I-A (Nitta gelatin,Osaka,Japan)を30ml滴下してコラーゲンゲルドロップを作製し、上記にて調製した単一化した培養毛乳頭細胞を0.1-10mlのピペットチップ(Quality Scientific plastics)を用いて、0.2ml程度注入し細胞凝集塊を作製した。続いて、同ゲルドロップ内へ、上記にて調製したバルジ領域細胞を0.1-10mlのピペットチップ(Quality Scientific plastics)を用いて、培養毛乳頭細胞の凝集塊の上に密着させるように0.2ml程度注入し細胞凝集塊を作製した。さらに細胞凝集塊のバルジ領域細胞より全長5mmのナイロン糸(松田医科工業)を挿し、その後37℃にて5分間静置し、ゲルドロップを固化させることにより、バルジ領域細胞と培養毛乳頭細胞の結合をより強固にすることで再生毛包原基を作製した。
(5)サブバルジ領域細胞の調製
(3)に記載のバルジ領域の取得と同様の手順で、7-8週齢のC57BL/6マウスの頬髭の毛包よりリングブルスト付着部位より上方の定常領域を分離し、バルジ領域に隣接した定常部最下端部をサブバルジ領域として分離し、酵素処理および細胞分離用フィルタを用いて単一化したサブバルジ領域細胞とした。
上記(2)において分離した、7-8週齢のC57BL/6マウス頬髭組織の毛包の毛球部からコラーゲン鞘と真皮毛根鞘を除去し、25G注射針を用いて毛乳頭の基底部に隣接している毛母基底部組織を分離した。分離した毛母基底部組織を0.25%トリプシンにて37℃で10分間処理し、DMEM10で洗浄したのちに35μm poreセルストレイナーを通して単一化した毛母基底部細胞とした。
ヌードマウスを定法に従ってペントバルビタール麻酔を行い、背部をイソジン消毒した後、自然横臥位をとらせた。Vランスマイクロメス(日本アルコン)を用いて穿刺し、皮膚表皮層から真皮層下層部に至る移植創を形成した。移植創は体表面より垂直方向に400μmの深度までとし、水平方向は1mm程度とした。ナイロン糸製ガイドを挿入した再生毛包原基よりコラーゲンゲルを除去し、移植創の体表側に上皮細胞成分が向くように挿入した。移植創上端部に再生毛包原基の上皮細胞成分の上端部が露出するよう移植深度を調節し、ナイロン糸製ガイドが体表面に露出するように位置させた。ナイロン糸製ガイドを移植創に近接した皮膚表面にステリストリップ(スリーエム)で固定し、その後、ナースバンおよびサージカルテープ(スリーエム)で移植創を保護した。移植後5-7日で保護テープを除去し、移植物の生着を目視または蛍光実体顕微鏡で判定した後に経過観察を行った。
再生毛包原基の移植部位を目視および蛍光実体顕微鏡にて観察し、発毛を評価した。
(1)再生毛包原基の皮内移植による体毛と髭の再生における毛色
有色マウスの成体頬髭由来のバルジ領域と成体頬髭由来の毛乳頭細胞より作製した再生毛包原基の移植により再生した髭は95.5%の頻度で白色であった(図2a)。図1に示すように、毛幹にメラニン沈着し毛色を制御する色素幹細胞は、バルジ領域下方のサブバルジ領域に分布していることが知られている。また、メラノサイトの前駆細胞は毛球部の毛母基底部にも分布し、毛母中でメラノサイトへと分化して毛幹に色づける。成体頬髭由来の再生毛包原基は、メラノブラストが含まれないバルジ領域に限局して再生毛包原基を構築したため、再生毛包原基はメラノブラストを持たず、再生した毛包の毛母に分化したメラノサイトが含まれないために白色となる可能性が示唆された。
マウス成体頬髭毛包において、有色毛メラノブラストが存在するサブバルジ領域および、メラノサイト前駆細胞が分布する毛母基底部領域よりそれぞれ単一化した細胞を取得して再生毛包原基を構成する細胞集合体に添加したときに、再生毛の毛色に影響するかどうかを検証した。再生毛包原基を皮内移植後3週間後に発毛した毛幹の色と性状を解析した結果、サブバルジ領域または毛母基底部細胞を添加した両方の区において、黒色毛の再生毛を得ることに成功した(図2bの黒矢印及び図2c)。
その結果、毛母基底部添加区においては、再生毛包原基移植後36日目および306日目においても、黒色毛が形成されていることが確認された(図6)。本試験において、再生毛包原基により形成する毛包は、平均約15日で毛周期が1周するため、平均約20回黒色毛の形成が繰り返されていることが確認された。一方、対照区においては、移植後306日目においても、白色毛の形成しか認められなかった。
さらに、色素幹細胞の添加により作製した再生毛包原基より再生した毛包は、その毛包内にメラノブラストの幹細胞ニッチを再生可能であることが示された。また、色素幹細胞の添加により作製した再生毛包原基より再生した毛包は、有色毛の形成を永続的に維持可能であることが示された。これは、再生された毛包内のメラノブラストの幹細胞ニッチにおいて、長期間に渡りメラノブラストを維持することができ、かつ、さらに毛包の生理的な機能を再現して毛母にメラノサイトを供給することができることを示す。
Claims (15)
- 移植後に生じる発毛の毛色が制御された移植用再生毛包原基の製造方法であって、
間葉系細胞を含む第1の細胞集合体を調製する工程、
上皮系細胞を含む第2の細胞集合体を調製する工程、
色素幹細胞を含む細胞集合体を調製する工程、
前記第1の細胞集合体と前記第2の細胞集合体との少なくとも一方に、前記色素幹細胞を含む細胞集合体とを結合させる工程、及び、
続いて、前記第1の細胞集合体と前記第2の細胞集合体であって、少なくとも一方が、前記色素幹細胞を含む細胞集合体と結合した前記第1の細胞集合体と前記第2の細胞集合体とを密着させて支持体内部で培養する工程、
を含む、移植用再生毛包原基の製造方法。 - 前記第1の細胞集合体が間葉系細胞から実質的に構成される請求項1に記載の製造方法。
- 前記第2の細胞集合体が上皮系細胞から実質的に構成される、請求項1に記載の製造方法。
- 前記色素幹細胞を含む細胞集合体が、単一化処理されたものである請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法。
- 前記色素幹細胞が、サブバルジ領域由来のメラノブラスト、または、毛母基底部由来のメラノサイト前駆細胞である、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法。
- 前記色素幹細胞が、毛母基底部由来のメラノサイト前駆細胞である、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法。
- 前記細胞集合体同士を結合させる工程において、前記第1の細胞集合体の細胞数または前記第2の細胞集合体の細胞数と、前記色素幹細胞を含む細胞集合体の細胞数との比が、0.1:1~100:1の範囲内である請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法。
- 前記第1の細胞集合体と前記第2の細胞集合体とを密着させて支持体内部で培養する工程において、前記第1の細胞集合体の細胞数と、前記第2の細胞集合体の細胞数との比が、0.3:1~1:1の範囲内である請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法。
- 前記間葉系細胞が、毛乳頭細胞または真皮毛根鞘細胞である請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法。
- 前記上皮系細胞が、バルジ領域上皮細胞または毛母基底部上皮細胞である請求項1~9のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法。
- 前記間葉系細胞または上皮系細胞が、成体の毛包由来である請求項1~10のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法。
- 前記再生毛包原基にガイドを挿入する工程をさらに含む 、請求項1~11のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法。
- 請求項1~12のいずれか一項に記載の方法によって作製される、毛色が制御された移植用再生毛包原基を含む組成物。
- 請求項1~12のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法により作製された移植用再生毛包原基を、対象とする部位へ移植する工程を含む、毛色が制御された移植用再生毛包原基の移植方法。
- 請求項12に記載の製造方法により作製された移植用再生毛包原基を、対象とする部位へ移植する工程を含む、毛色が制御された移植用再生毛包原基の移植方法であって、
前記ガイドを移植部位より突出した状態で維持することにより、移植した再生毛包原基の上皮系細胞側の部分と前記対象の上皮系細胞とがガイドに沿って伸長し、連結することを特徴とする、移植用再生毛包原基の移植方法。
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AU2012221254A1 (en) | 2013-09-12 |
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AU2012221254B2 (en) | 2016-05-12 |
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US9321998B2 (en) | 2016-04-26 |
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