WO2012114427A1 - 車両用空調システム - Google Patents
車両用空調システム Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2012114427A1 WO2012114427A1 PCT/JP2011/053684 JP2011053684W WO2012114427A1 WO 2012114427 A1 WO2012114427 A1 WO 2012114427A1 JP 2011053684 W JP2011053684 W JP 2011053684W WO 2012114427 A1 WO2012114427 A1 WO 2012114427A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- cooling medium
- temperature
- air conditioning
- heat exchanger
- vehicle
- Prior art date
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00357—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles
- B60H1/00385—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/32—Cooling devices
- B60H1/3204—Cooling devices using compression
- B60H1/3228—Cooling devices using compression characterised by refrigerant circuit configurations
- B60H1/32281—Cooling devices using compression characterised by refrigerant circuit configurations comprising a single secondary circuit, e.g. at evaporator or condenser side
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a vehicle air conditioning system applied to an electric vehicle such as an electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle, or an electric railway.
- Patent Document 1 includes a circulation pump that circulates a cooling medium, a cooling circuit that cools an in-vehicle heating element by the cooling medium circulated by the circulation pump, and a refrigerant.
- a vehicle cooling system comprising: an evaporator for evaporating refrigerant; and a cooling system for a vehicle, wherein the cooling circuit exchanges heat between the cooling medium and air blown into the vehicle interior.
- a vehicle cooling system with a exchanger is described.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a system that performs heating and cooling using a heat pump cooling device.
- a heat pump type cooling device A having a first circulation path and a heating circulation device B having a second circulation path are provided, and the water-cooled condenser in the first circulation path has a second circulation path.
- 8 is provided in the second circulation path 8 is provided with a flow path switching valve for switching the flow path between the radiator side and the radiator bypass flow path.
- the second refrigerant is caused to flow into the radiator bypass flow path by the flow path switching valve, and the air heated by the heater core is introduced into the passenger compartment as conditioned air.
- the flow path switching valve Second Second Flowing medium to the radiator, a vehicle air-conditioning system to be introduced into the passenger compartment of the air cooled by the evaporator as conditioned air is described.
- the temperature of the cooling medium that cools the heat generating device related to the running of the vehicle is set to a predetermined temperature or less, and the device is efficiently cooled to ensure efficient cooling of the device.
- provision of a further improved system has been demanded.
- the invention of claim 1 is a device cooling circuit of a heat generating device mounted on a vehicle, a vehicle interior air conditioner having a refrigeration cycle circuit, a device cooling medium of the device cooling circuit, and an air conditioning of the refrigeration cycle circuit. And an intermediate heat exchanger for exchanging heat between the cooling medium for the vehicle, and when the temperature of the equipment cooling medium in the equipment cooling circuit is equal to or higher than a first predetermined temperature, the vehicle
- the control cycle of the air conditioning system for a vehicle is a short time, and the first predetermined temperature is less than the upper limit temperature of the device cooling medium, and the heat capacity of the device cooling circuit and the heat generation amount of the heat generating device
- a vehicle air conditioning system characterized by
- the invention of claim 2 is a device cooling circuit of a heat generating device mounted on a vehicle, a vehicle interior air conditioner having a refrigeration cycle circuit, a device cooling medium of the device cooling circuit, and an air conditioning of the refrigeration cycle circuit.
- the invention of claim 3 is the vehicle air conditioning system according to claim 2, wherein the heat generation amount of the heat generating device is predicted based on travel plan information such as road information and destination information, and the predicted heat generation.
- the second predetermined temperature of the device cooling medium is changed based on the amount.
- the invention of claim 4 is the vehicle air conditioning system according to claim 1, wherein the predetermined temperature of the equipment cooling medium is equal to or higher than an outside air temperature.
- the invention according to claim 5 is the vehicle air conditioning system according to claim 2, wherein when the equipment cooling medium reaches or exceeds an upper limit temperature when the compressor is stopped, the output of the heat generating equipment is It is characterized by limiting.
- the invention of claim 6 is characterized in that, in the vehicle air conditioning system described in claim 2, the time after the compressor is stopped is measured and is not restarted until a predetermined time elapses.
- the invention of claim 7 is a device cooling circuit for a heat generating device mounted on a vehicle, a vehicle interior air conditioner having a refrigeration cycle, a device cooling medium for the device cooling circuit, and an air conditioner for the refrigeration cycle circuit.
- An air conditioning system for a vehicle comprising an intermediate heat exchanger for exchanging heat between cooling media, and when there is a request for high torque operation of a motor that drives the vehicle, the device of the device cooling circuit The vehicle is driven with high torque operation when the temperature of the cooling medium is equal to or lower than a third predetermined temperature, and when the temperature of the equipment cooling medium exceeds a predetermined temperature, the vehicle is configured to lower the temperature of the equipment cooling medium.
- the vehicle air-conditioning system is characterized in that the air-conditioning system is operated and the high-torque operation is not performed.
- a vehicle air conditioning system including a control device that can efficiently perform indoor air conditioning and equipment cooling.
- Example 1 shows a schematic configuration of a vehicle air conditioning system of the present invention.
- the schematic structure of Example 1 of the air conditioner 60 which concerns on this invention is shown.
- the schematic structure of the air conditioner 60 of Example 1 in the mode of apparatus cooling operation is shown.
- cooling operation is shown.
- cooling and apparatus cooling operation is shown.
- the schematic structure of the air conditioner 60 of Example 1 in the mode of heating operation is shown.
- the schematic structure of the air conditioner 60 of Example 1 in the mode of heating and apparatus cooling operation is shown.
- operation is shown.
- the schematic structure of the air conditioner 60 of Example 1 in the mode of heating and dehumidification operation is shown.
- the schematic structure of the air conditioner 60 of Example 1 in the mode of heating operation is shown.
- the schematic structure of the air conditioner 60 of Example 1 in the mode of a defrost operation is shown.
- sequence of the indoor air-conditioning heat exchanger 7 and the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 which concern on this invention is shown.
- sequence of the indoor air-conditioning heat exchanger 7 and the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 which concern on this invention is shown.
- the target of temperature control and its conditions are shown.
- the flowchart of the control processing program in the air-conditioning control apparatus 61 which concerns on this invention is shown.
- a change in the set temperature of the heating element 9, which is a device that requires the vehicle state and temperature adjustment, will be described.
- the structure of the control apparatus of the electric vehicle by which the vehicle air conditioning system of this invention is mounted is shown.
- the flowchart of the program which performs the control period change in the air-conditioning control apparatus 61 which concerns on this invention is shown.
- the flowchart of the program which determines whether the motor 73 which concerns on this invention carries out high torque operation is shown.
- the flowchart of the drive control of the compressor which concerns on this invention is shown.
- the vehicle air conditioning system of the present invention is applied to an electric vehicle, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to this.
- this invention is not limited to an electric vehicle, It can apply also to electric vehicles, such as a hybrid vehicle or an electric railway, a construction vehicle, and other special vehicles.
- an AC motor driven by an inverter will be described as an example.
- the present invention is not limited to an AC motor.
- a DC motor or a chopper driven by a converter such as a thyristor Leonard device is used.
- the present invention can be applied to all kinds of rotating electric machines (motor / generator) such as a pulse motor driven by a power source.
- FIG. 1 is a figure which shows schematic structure of the vehicle air-conditioning system of this invention.
- the vehicle air conditioning system shown in FIG. 1 includes an air conditioner 60 for performing cooling / heating and cooling / heating of a passenger compartment or a device requiring temperature control, and an air conditioning control device 61 for controlling the air conditioner 60.
- Various actuators provided in the air conditioner 60 are controlled by control signals from the air conditioner controller 61.
- the actuator related to the present embodiment includes the compressor 1, the expansion valves 22A, 22B and 23 as flow rate control means, the four-way valve 19 as first flow path switching means, and the three-way valve 20 as second flow path switching means. , Two-way valves 21, 24, 25, pump 5, outdoor fan 3 and indoor fan 8.
- the air conditioning control device 61 receives a temperature 62 of the passenger compartment and a temperature 63 of a device that needs to be controlled by a temperature sensor.
- a temperature sensor In this embodiment, there are devices such as a motor, an inverter, a battery, and a gear box as devices that require temperature control, and a temperature sensor is provided for each.
- the vehicle speed and the accelerator opening as the vehicle driving information 64 are input from the vehicle speed sensor and the accelerator sensor, and the road information and the destination information as the vehicle travel plan information 65 are navigated to the air conditioning control device 61. Input from the device.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of the air conditioner 60.
- the air conditioner 60 circulates a refrigeration cycle circuit 90 in which an air conditioning cooling medium (for example, a refrigerant) for cooling the indoor air conditioning and the heating element 9 circulates, and an equipment cooling medium (for example, an equipment cooling medium) for cooling the heating element 9. And an equipment cooling circuit 41.
- an air conditioning cooling medium for example, a refrigerant
- an equipment cooling medium for example, an equipment cooling medium
- the refrigeration cycle circuit 90 includes a compressor 1 that compresses refrigerant, an outdoor heat exchanger 2 that performs heat exchange between the air conditioning cooling medium and the outside air, and a branched refrigeration cycle circuit 90A.
- the intermediate heat exchanger 4 that performs heat exchange with the equipment cooling medium flowing in the interior, and the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 that is in the refrigeration cycle circuit 90B and performs heat exchange between the air conditioning cooling medium and the vehicle interior air include an air conditioning cooling medium. It is connected by the liquid piping which circulates.
- a four-way valve 19 is provided between the suction pipe 11 and the discharge pipe 10 of the compressor 1. By switching the four-way valve 19, one of the suction pipe 11 and the discharge pipe 10 can be connected to the outdoor heat exchanger 2, and the other can be connected to the intermediate heat exchanger 4 and the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7.
- the four-way valve 19 shown in FIG. 2 connects the discharge pipe 10 to the outdoor heat exchanger 2 and connects the suction pipe 11 to the intermediate heat exchanger 4.
- the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 has one end connected to the outdoor heat exchanger 2 and the other end connected to either the discharge pipe 10 or the suction pipe 11 of the compressor 1 via the three-way valve 20 so as to be switchable.
- the expansion valves 23, 22 ⁇ / b> A, and 22 ⁇ / b> B acting as flow control means for the air conditioning cooling medium are respectively connected to the side of the outdoor heat exchanger 2 that is not connected to the compressor 1, the intermediate heat exchanger 4 and the outdoor heat exchanger 2. In the meantime, it is provided between the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 and the outdoor heat exchanger 2.
- the outdoor heat exchanger 2 is provided with an outdoor fan 3 for blowing outside air.
- the equipment cooling circuit 41 includes an indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 that performs heat exchange between the equipment cooling medium and vehicle interior air, an intermediate heat exchanger 4, and a pump 5 that circulates the equipment cooling medium in the equipment cooling circuit 41,
- the equipment cooling circuit 41 is provided with a bypass circuit 41C that bypasses both ends of the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6.
- the bypass circuit 41C is provided with a two-way valve 24, and the main circuit 41D passing through the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 is provided with a two-way valve 25. By opening and closing these two-way valves 24 and 25, the flow path of the equipment cooling medium can be switched.
- a plurality of heating elements 9A and 9B are connected in parallel to the equipment cooling circuit 41 as shown in FIG.
- the two-way valve 21 is installed in the equipment cooling circuit 41B including the heating element 9B, and the two-way valve is not installed in the equipment cooling circuit 41A including the heating element 9A.
- both the heating elements 9A and 9B can be temperature-controlled when the two-way valve 21 is opened, but only the heating element 9A can be temperature-controlled when the two-way valve 21 is closed.
- a two-way valve may be included in the equipment cooling circuit 41A including the heating element 9A, or a plurality of heating elements 9 may be connected in series. The connection method of the heating element 9 and the installation method of the two-way valve can be changed according to the temperature condition of the heating element.
- the indoor unit 42 that blows out temperature-controlled air sucks indoor (inside the vehicle) or outdoor (outside the vehicle) air and blows the air indoors or outdoors, and the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6.
- a switching damper 44 for switching the air exchanged by the indoor air-conditioning heat exchanger 7 and the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 to blow out indoors or outdoors, suction of indoor or outdoor air, and air to indoors or outdoors Air outlets 43A, 43B, 43C, and 43D.
- the temperature of the heating element 9 is adjusted by circulating the equipment cooling medium by the pump 5.
- the operation of other devices varies according to the air conditioning load and the amount of heat generated from the heating element 9.
- cooling + apparatus cooling, heating, heating + apparatus cooling, dehumidification, heating dehumidification, apparatus heating, and defrosting is demonstrated.
- the device cooling operation is an operation of cooling the heating element 9 in a state where there is no indoor air conditioning, and will be described with reference to FIG.
- the equipment cooling medium circulating in the equipment cooling circuit 41 may be cooled only by the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 or the equipment cooling medium may be cooled by the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 and the intermediate heat exchanger 4. .
- the device cooling medium circulates through the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 and the intermediate heat exchanger 4 by driving the pump 5.
- the two-way valve 21 When the two-way valve 21 is closed, the device cooling medium flows only to the device cooling circuit 41A, and when the two-way valve 21 is opened, the device cooling medium flows to the device cooling circuits 41A and 41B. When cooling both the heating elements 9A and 9B, the two-way valve 21 is opened.
- the switching damper 44 in the indoor unit 42 is set so that the air sucked at the air inlet / outlet 43A passes through the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 and blows out from the air inlet / outlet 43C as shown in FIG.
- the equipment cooling medium can be cooled by the air passing through the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6. Further, the cooling capacity can be adjusted by the amount of air sucked by the indoor fan 8A.
- the air inlet / outlet port 43C communicates with the outside (outside the vehicle) by a duct (not shown) so that warm air is not blown into the room.
- the four-way valve 19 and the three-way valve 20 are connected as shown in FIG. 3, and the discharge pipe 10 of the compressor 1 is connected to the outdoor heat exchanger 2, The suction pipe 11 of the compressor 1 is connected to the intermediate heat exchanger 4 and the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7.
- the expansion valve 22B is fully closed so that the cooling medium for air conditioning does not flow to the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7. That is, the outdoor heat exchanger 2 is a condenser, and the intermediate heat exchanger 4 is an evaporator.
- the air-conditioning cooling medium compressed by the compressor 1 is liquefied by radiating heat from the outdoor heat exchanger 2, and then passes through the fully-open expansion valve 23 and flows through the intermediate heat exchanger 4.
- the air conditioning cooling medium flowing to the intermediate heat exchanger 4 is decompressed by the expansion valve 22A to become low temperature and low pressure, evaporates by absorbing heat from the equipment cooling medium of the equipment cooling circuit 41 in the intermediate heat exchanger 4, and the four-way valve 19 Return to the compressor 1 through.
- the intermediate heat exchanger 4 exchanges heat between the equipment cooling medium and the air conditioning cooling medium, thereby cooling the equipment cooling medium.
- the equipment cooling medium can be cooled by the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 and the intermediate heat exchanger 4.
- the refrigeration cycle circuit 90 is not used, and the equipment cooling medium is cooled only by the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6, and when the equipment cooling medium is higher than the predetermined temperature, the refrigeration cycle circuit is used.
- the equipment cooling medium is cooled by the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 and the intermediate heat exchanger 4 using 90.
- the air volume of the indoor fan 8A, the flow rate of the pump 5, the rotational speed of the compressor 1, the opening of the expansion valve 22A, and the air volume of the outdoor fan 3 may be controlled.
- the air volume of the indoor fan 8A is increased, the flow rate of the pump 5 is increased, the rotational speed of the compressor 1 is increased, the opening of the expansion valve 22A is opened, and the air volume of the outdoor fan 3 is increased. It only has to increase.
- the air volume of the indoor fan 8A is reduced, the flow rate of the pump 5 is reduced, the rotational speed of the compressor 1 is reduced, the opening of the expansion valve 22A is throttled, and the outdoor fan 3
- the air volume should be reduced. Note that it is not necessary to control all the actuators, and at least one should be controlled.
- the cooling operation is an operation for cooling the room without cooling the heating element 9, and will be described with reference to FIG.
- the equipment cooling circuit 41 closes the two-way valve 25 and opens the two-way valve 24 so that the equipment cooling medium does not flow through the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 by driving the pump 5 but flows through the equipment cooling circuit 41C. . Even when the heating element 9 is not cooled in this way, the equipment cooling medium of the equipment cooling circuit 41 is circulated in order to prevent an uneven temperature rise of the equipment cooling medium in the heating element 9 portion.
- the device cooling medium flows only to the device cooling circuit 41A, and when the two-way valve 21 is opened, the device cooling medium flows to the device cooling circuits 41A and 41B.
- the switching damper 44 in the indoor unit 42 is set so that the air sucked at the air inlet / outlet 43A passes through the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 and the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 and blows out from the air inlet / outlet 43B as shown in FIG. Since the equipment cooling medium does not circulate in the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6, the temperature of the air passing through the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 does not change. Note that the air inlet / outlet port 43B communicates with the room (inside the vehicle) through a duct (not shown) and controls the temperature of the room.
- a four-way valve 19 and a three-way valve 20 are connected as shown in FIG. 4, the discharge pipe 10 of the compressor 1 is connected to the outdoor heat exchanger 2, and the suction pipe 11 of the compressor 1 is intermediate heat. It is connected to the exchanger 4 and the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7.
- the expansion valve 22A is fully closed so that the air-conditioning cooling medium does not flow to the intermediate heat exchanger 4. That is, the outdoor heat exchanger 2 is a condenser, and the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 is an evaporator.
- the air conditioning cooling medium compressed by the compressor 1 is liquefied by radiating heat from the outdoor heat exchanger 2, and then flows through the fully opened expansion valve 23 and flows through the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7.
- the cooling medium for air conditioning flowing through the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 is decompressed by the expansion valve 22B to become low temperature and low pressure, evaporates by absorbing heat from the air sucked at the air inlet / outlet 43A in the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7, and the three-way valve Return to the compressor 1 through 20.
- the air cooled by the heat exchange in the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 is blown out from the air inlet / outlet port 43B into the vehicle interior.
- the air volume of the indoor fan 8A, the rotational speed of the compressor 1, the opening of the expansion valve 22B, and the air volume of the outdoor fan 3 may be controlled.
- the air volume of the indoor fan 8A is increased, the rotational speed of the compressor 1 is increased, the opening of the expansion valve 22B is opened, and the air volume of the outdoor fan 3 is increased.
- the air volume of the indoor fan 8A is decreased, the rotational speed of the compressor 1 is decreased, the opening of the expansion valve 22B is reduced, and the air volume of the outdoor fan 3 is decreased. Note that it is not necessary to control all the actuators, and at least one should be controlled.
- Cooling and equipment cooling operation is an operation of cooling the heating element 9 and cooling the room, and will be described with reference to FIG.
- the equipment cooling medium circulating in the equipment cooling circuit 41 may be cooled only by the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 or the equipment cooling medium may be cooled by the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 and the intermediate heat exchanger 4. .
- the equipment cooling circuit 41 closes the two-way valve 24 and opens the two-way valve 25, whereby the equipment cooling medium circulates through the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 and the intermediate heat exchanger 4 by driving the pump 5.
- the device cooling medium flows only to the device cooling circuit 41A, and when the two-way valve 21 is opened, the device cooling medium flows to the device cooling circuits 41A and 41B.
- the two-way valve 21 is opened.
- the switching damper 44 in the indoor unit 42 causes the air sucked at the air inlet / outlet 43A to blow out from the air inlet / outlet 43C through the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 as shown in FIG.
- the air inlet / outlet port 43C communicates with the outside (outside the vehicle) through a duct (not shown) so as not to blow air into the room.
- the air sucked at the air inlet / outlet 43D by the indoor fan 8B passes through the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 and blows out from the air inlet / outlet 43B.
- the equipment cooling medium can be cooled by the air passing through the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6.
- the air passing through the indoor cooling heat exchanger 7 is cooled by the indoor cooling heat exchanger 7, and the cooled air is blown out into the room (inside the vehicle).
- a four-way valve 19 and a three-way valve 20 are connected as shown in FIG. 5, the discharge pipe 10 of the compressor 1 is connected to the outdoor heat exchanger 2, and the suction pipe 11 of the compressor 1.
- the outdoor heat exchanger 2 is a condenser, and the intermediate heat exchanger 4 and the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 are evaporators.
- the air-conditioning cooling medium compressed by the compressor 1 is liquefied by radiating heat from the outdoor heat exchanger 2 and then flows through the fully opened expansion valve 23 and through the intermediate heat exchanger 4 and the indoor air-conditioning heat exchanger 7.
- the air conditioning cooling medium flowing to the intermediate heat exchanger 4 is decompressed by the expansion valve 22A to become low temperature and low pressure, evaporates by absorbing heat from the equipment cooling medium of the equipment cooling circuit 41 in the intermediate heat exchanger 4, and the four-way valve 19 Return to the compressor 1 through.
- the intermediate heat exchanger 4 exchanges heat between the equipment cooling medium and the cooling medium for air conditioning, and the equipment cooling medium is cooled.
- the cooling medium for air conditioning flowing through the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 is decompressed by the expansion valve 22B to become low temperature and low pressure, evaporates by absorbing heat from the air sucked through the air inlet / outlet 43D in the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7, and the three-way valve Return to the compressor 1 through 20.
- the air cooled by the heat exchange in the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 is blown out into the room through the air inlet / outlet 43B.
- both the intermediate heat exchanger 4 and the indoor air-conditioning heat exchanger 7 can be used as an evaporator, cooling of the passenger compartment and cooling of the heating element 9 can be realized simultaneously. Furthermore, since the intermediate heat exchanger 4 and the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 are connected in parallel to the suction pipe 11 of the compressor 1, the refrigeration cycle circuits 90A and 90B are provided with expansion valves 22A and 22B, respectively. The flow rate of the cooling medium for air conditioning flowing to the intermediate heat exchanger 4 and the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 can be arbitrarily changed.
- the temperature of the equipment cooling medium and the temperature of the air conditioning cooling medium can be controlled to any desired temperatures. Therefore, even when the temperature of the air-conditioning cooling medium is sufficiently lowered for cooling, the temperature of the equipment cooling medium flowing inside the heating element 9 is suppressed by suppressing the flow rate of the refrigerant flowing to the intermediate heat exchanger 4. Can be kept high.
- the equipment cooling medium can be cooled by the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 and the intermediate heat exchanger 4 as described above.
- the refrigeration cycle circuit 90 is not used, and the equipment cooling medium is cooled only by the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6, and when the equipment cooling medium is higher than the predetermined temperature, the refrigeration cycle circuit is used.
- the equipment cooling medium is cooled by the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 and the intermediate heat exchanger 4 using 90. This is controlled by adjusting the opening of the expansion valve 22A. When the expansion valve 22A is fully closed, the cooling medium for air conditioning does not flow to the intermediate heat exchanger 4, so that the equipment cooling medium is cooled only by the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6.
- the air volume of the outdoor fan 3 may be controlled.
- the air volume of the indoor fans 8A and 8B is increased, the flow rate of the pump 5 is increased, the rotational speed of the compressor 1 is increased, the expansion valve 22A, What is necessary is just to open the opening of 22B and to increase the air volume of the outdoor fan 3.
- the heating operation is an operation for heating the room without cooling the heating element 9, and will be described with reference to FIG.
- the equipment cooling circuit 41 opens the two-way valve 25 and closes the two-way valve 24, so that the equipment cooling medium flows through the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 and the intermediate heat exchanger 4 by driving the pump 5.
- the device cooling medium flows only to the device cooling circuit 41A, and when the two-way valve 21 is opened, the device cooling medium flows to the device cooling circuits 41A and 41B.
- the switching damper 44 in the indoor unit 42 is set so that the air sucked at the air inlet / outlet 43A passes through the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 and the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 and blows out from the air inlet / outlet 43B as shown in FIG. Since the equipment cooling medium heated by the heating element 9 circulates in the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6, the temperature of the air passing through the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 is raised.
- the air inlet / outlet port 43B communicates with the room (inside the vehicle) and controls the temperature of the room.
- the refrigeration cycle circuit 90 is not used for heating by using the exhaust heat from the heating element 9 for heating as described above. By doing in this way, the air conditioning which suppressed energy consumption is realizable.
- the two-way valve 21 is opened, the device cooling medium flows also in the device cooling circuit 41B and the exhaust heat of the heating element 9B can be used for heating, so that energy consumption can be further suppressed.
- the refrigeration cycle circuit 90 is used in combination with the exhaust heat from the heating elements 9A and 9B.
- the four-way valve 19 and the three-way valve 20 are connected, the discharge pipe 10 of the compressor 1 is connected to the intermediate heat exchanger 4 and the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7, and the suction pipe 11 is the outdoor heat.
- the expansion valve 22A is fully closed and the expansion valve 22B is fully opened so that the air conditioning cooling medium does not flow to the intermediate heat exchanger 4 but flows only to the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7. That is, the indoor air-conditioning heat exchanger 7 is a condenser and the outdoor heat exchanger 2 is an evaporator.
- the air-conditioning cooling medium compressed by the compressor 1 is condensed and liquefied by releasing heat from the indoor air-conditioning heat exchanger 7. Thereafter, after being decompressed by the expansion valve 23, the outdoor heat exchanger 2 evaporates and gasifies by heat exchange with outdoor air and returns to the compressor 1.
- the air sucked through the air inlet / outlet 43 ⁇ / b> A is heated by the room cooling heat exchanger 6 by the equipment cooling medium flowing through the equipment cooling circuit 41. And by the heat exchange in the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 arranged on the downstream side, further warmed air is blown out into the room from the air inlet / outlet 43B.
- the air blown into the room is heated by the exhaust heat of the heating element 9 and then further heated by the refrigeration cycle circuit 90.
- the heating of the air using the refrigeration cycle circuit 90 compensates for the lack of the air temperature heated by the exhaust heat of the heating element 9, so that an air conditioner with low energy consumption can be configured.
- the air volume of the indoor fan 8A, the flow rate of the pump 5, the rotational speed of the compressor 1, the opening degree of the expansion valve 22B, and the air volume of the outdoor fan 3 can be controlled. Good.
- the air volume of the indoor fan 8A is increased, the flow rate of the pump 5 is increased, the rotational speed of the compressor 1 is increased, the opening of the expansion valve 22B is opened, and the air volume of the outdoor fan 3 is increased. do it.
- the air volume of the indoor fan 8A is decreased, the flow rate of the pump 5 is decreased, the rotational speed of the compressor 1 is decreased, the opening degree of the expansion valve 22B is reduced, and the air volume of the outdoor fan 3 is reduced. Should be reduced. Note that it is not necessary to control all the actuators, and at least one should be controlled.
- Heating and apparatus cooling operation are the operation which cools the heat generating body 9, and heats a room
- the equipment cooling medium can be kept below the target temperature by heat radiation in the room cooling heat exchanger 6, the temperature rise of the heating element 9 can be suppressed.
- equipment cooling using the refrigeration cycle circuit 90 is required.
- a four-way valve 19 and a three-way valve 20 are connected as shown in FIG. 7, and the discharge pipe 10 of the compressor 1 is connected to the outdoor heat exchanger 2 and the indoor air-conditioning heat exchanger 7, and a suction pipe 11 is connected to the intermediate heat exchanger 4.
- the expansion valve 23 is fully closed and the expansion valve 22B is fully opened so that the air-conditioning cooling medium does not flow to the outdoor heat exchanger 2. That is, the indoor air-conditioning heat exchanger 7 is a condenser and the intermediate heat exchanger 4 is an evaporator.
- the air-conditioning cooling medium compressed by the compressor 1 is condensed and liquefied by releasing heat from the indoor air-conditioning heat exchanger 7. Thereafter, after the pressure is reduced by the expansion valve 22A, the intermediate heat exchanger 4 is evaporated and gasified by heat exchange with the equipment cooling medium flowing through the equipment cooling circuit 41, and returns to the compressor 1. In the intermediate heat exchanger 4, the equipment cooling medium and the cooling medium for air conditioning exchange heat, and the equipment cooling medium is cooled.
- the equipment cooling circuit 41 opens the two-way valve 25 and closes the two-way valve 24, so that the equipment cooling medium flows through the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 and the intermediate heat exchanger 4 by driving the pump 5.
- the device cooling medium flows only to the device cooling circuit 41A, and when the two-way valve 21 is opened, the device cooling medium flows to the device cooling circuits 41A and 41B.
- the switching damper 44 in the indoor unit 42 is set so that the air sucked at the air inlet / outlet 43A passes through the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 and the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 and blows out from the air inlet / outlet 43B as shown in FIG. Since the equipment cooling medium heated by the heating element 9 circulates in the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6, the temperature of the air passing through the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 is raised.
- the equipment cooling medium it is possible to cool the equipment cooling medium by heat radiation in the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 and heat exchange in the intermediate heat exchanger 4.
- the air volume of the indoor fan 8A, the flow rate of the pump 5, the rotational speed of the compressor 1, and the opening of the expansion valve 22A are controlled. Good.
- the air volume of the indoor fan 8A is increased, the flow rate of the pump 5 is increased, the rotational speed of the compressor 1 is increased, and the opening of the expansion valve 22A Can be opened.
- the air volume of the indoor fan 8A is reduced, the flow rate of the pump 5 is reduced, the rotational speed of the compressor 1 is reduced, and the expansion valve 22A What is necessary is just to squeeze the opening. Note that it is not necessary to control all the actuators, and at least one should be controlled.
- the dehumidifying operation is an operation for dehumidifying the room and will be described with reference to FIG.
- a four-way valve 19 and a three-way valve 20 are connected as shown in FIG. 8, the discharge pipe 10 of the compressor 1 is connected to the outdoor heat exchanger 2, and the suction pipe 11 of the compressor 1 is an intermediate heat exchanger. 4 and the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7.
- the expansion valve 22A is fully closed and the expansion valve 23 is fully open so that the air-conditioning cooling medium does not flow to the intermediate heat exchanger 4. That is, the outdoor heat exchanger 2 is a condenser, and the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 is an evaporator.
- the air conditioning cooling medium compressed by the compressor 1 is liquefied by radiating heat from the outdoor heat exchanger 2, and then flows through the fully opened expansion valve 23 and flows through the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7.
- the cooling medium for air conditioning flowing through the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 is decompressed by the expansion valve 22B to become low temperature and low pressure, evaporates by absorbing heat from the air sucked at the air inlet / outlet 43A in the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7, and the three-way valve Return to the compressor 1 through 20.
- the equipment cooling circuit 41 opens the two-way valve 25 and closes the two-way valve 24, whereby the equipment cooling medium flows through the intermediate heat exchanger 4 and the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 by driving the pump 5.
- the device cooling medium flows only to the device cooling circuit 41A, and when the two-way valve 21 is opened, the device cooling medium flows to the device cooling circuits 41A and 41B.
- the switching damper 44 in the indoor unit 42 is set so that the air sucked at the air inlet / outlet 43B is blown out from the air inlet / outlet 43A through the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 and the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 as shown in FIG.
- the air sucked at the air inlet / outlet 43B is dehumidified and cooled by exchanging heat with the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7. And since the equipment cooling medium warmed by the heating element 9 circulates in the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6, the temperature of the air passing through the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 is raised.
- the air inlet / outlet port 43A communicates with the room (inside the vehicle) through a duct (not shown) and controls the temperature of the room.
- the heat source of the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 used as a reheater is waste heat generated by the heating element 9. Therefore, unlike the case of using a heater or the like for reheating, it is not necessary to input new energy, so that it is possible to improve the comfort in the vehicle interior without increasing the power consumption.
- the air volume of the indoor fan 8A, the flow rate of the pump 5, the rotational speed of the compressor 1, the opening of the expansion valve 22B, and the air volume of the outdoor fan 3 may be controlled.
- the air volume of the indoor fan 8A is decreased, the flow rate of the pump 5 is decreased, the rotational speed of the compressor 1 is decreased, the opening degree of the expansion valve 22B is reduced, and the air volume of the outdoor fan 3 is decreased. That's fine. Note that it is not necessary to control all the actuators, and at least one should be controlled.
- Heating and Dehumidifying Operation are operations for heating and dehumidifying the room, and will be described with reference to FIG.
- a four-way valve 19 and a three-way valve 20 are connected, the discharge pipe 10 of the compressor 1 is connected to the intermediate heat exchanger 4, and the suction pipe 11 of the compressor 1 is outdoor heat. It is connected to the exchanger 2 and the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7.
- the expansion valve 22A is fully opened and the expansion valve 23 is fully closed so that the air-conditioning cooling medium does not flow to the outdoor heat exchanger 2. That is, the intermediate heat exchanger 4 is a condenser and the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 is an evaporator.
- the air-conditioning cooling medium compressed by the compressor 1 is liquefied by radiating heat from the intermediate heat exchanger 4, and then flows through the indoor air-conditioning heat exchanger 7 through the fully opened expansion valve 22 ⁇ / b> A.
- the cooling medium for air conditioning flowing through the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 is decompressed by the expansion valve 22B to become low temperature and low pressure, evaporates by absorbing heat from the air sucked at the air inlet / outlet 43A in the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7, and the three-way valve Return to the compressor 1 through 20.
- the equipment cooling medium and the cooling medium for air conditioning exchange heat, and the equipment cooling medium is heated.
- the equipment cooling circuit 41 opens the two-way valve 25 and closes the two-way valve 24, whereby the equipment cooling medium flows through the intermediate heat exchanger 4 and the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 by driving the pump 5.
- the device cooling medium flows only to the device cooling circuit 41A, and when the two-way valve 21 is opened, the device cooling medium flows to the device cooling circuits 41A and 41B.
- the switching damper 44 in the indoor unit 42 is set so that the air sucked at the air inlet / outlet 43B is blown out from the air inlet / outlet 43A through the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 and the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 as shown in FIG.
- the air sucked at the air inlet / outlet 43B is dehumidified and cooled by exchanging heat with the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7. Since the equipment cooling medium warmed by the intermediate heat exchanger 4 and the heating element 9 circulates in the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6, the temperature of the air passing through the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 is raised. In this way, heating and dehumidifying operation are possible.
- the air inlet / outlet port 43A communicates with the room (inside the vehicle) through a duct (not shown) and controls the temperature of the room.
- the air volume of the indoor fan 8A, the flow rate of the pump 5, the rotational speed of the compressor 1, and the opening degree of the expansion valve 22B may be controlled.
- the air volume of the indoor fan 8A is increased, the flow rate of the pump 5 is increased, the rotational speed of the compressor 1 is increased, and the opening of the expansion valve 22B is opened.
- the air volume of the indoor fan 8A is reduced, the flow rate of the pump 5 is reduced, the rotational speed of the compressor 1 is reduced, and the opening degree of the expansion valve 22B is reduced. Note that it is not necessary to control all the actuators, and at least one should be controlled.
- the equipment heating operation is an operation for heating the heating element 9 without performing indoor air conditioning, and will be described with reference to FIG.
- the four-way valve 19 and the three-way valve 20 are connected, and the discharge pipe 10 of the compressor 1 is connected to the intermediate heat exchanger 4 and the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7.
- the suction pipe 11 is connected to the outdoor heat exchanger 2.
- the expansion valve 22A is fully open and the expansion valve 22B is fully closed so that the air-conditioning cooling medium does not flow to the indoor air-conditioning heat exchanger 7. That is, the intermediate heat exchanger 4 is a condenser and the outdoor heat exchanger 2 is an evaporator.
- the air-conditioning cooling medium compressed by the compressor 1 is liquefied by dissipating heat in the intermediate heat exchanger 4, and then flows through the fully open expansion valve 22 ⁇ / b> A and through the outdoor heat exchanger 2.
- the air-conditioning cooling medium flowing in the outdoor heat exchanger 2 is decompressed by the expansion valve 23 to become low temperature and low pressure, evaporates by absorbing heat from the outdoor air in the outdoor heat exchanger 2, and returns to the compressor 1.
- the equipment cooling medium and the cooling medium for air conditioning exchange heat, and the equipment cooling medium is heated.
- the equipment cooling circuit 41 closes the two-way valve 25 and opens the two-way valve 24 so that the equipment cooling medium does not flow through the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 by driving the pump 5.
- the device cooling medium flows only to the device cooling circuit 41A, and when the two-way valve 21 is opened, the device cooling medium flows to the device cooling circuits 41A and 41B.
- the two-way valve 21 is opened so that the device cooling medium flows through the heating element 9 to be heated.
- the heating element 9 can be heated by circulating the equipment cooling medium.
- the indoor unit 42 does not suck in or discharge air and does not drive the indoor fans 8A and 8B. Further, the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 and the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 do not exchange heat because they do not flow the equipment cooling medium and the air conditioning cooling medium, respectively.
- the flow rate of the pump 5 is decreased, the rotational speed of the compressor 1 is decreased, the opening degree of the expansion valve 23 is narrowed, and the air volume of the outdoor fan 3 is decreased. Note that it is not necessary to control all the actuators, and at least one should be controlled.
- the defrosting operation is an operation in which the outdoor heat exchanger 2 is defrosted by temporarily switching from the heating operation and the device heating operation, and will be described with reference to FIG.
- the cooling medium for air conditioning compressed by the compressor 1 is liquefied by radiating heat in the outdoor heat exchanger 2 and the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7, and then passes through the fully opened expansion valves 22B and 23 to pass through the intermediate heat exchanger 4. Flowing. Thereby, the frost which arrived at the outdoor heat exchanger 2 can be removed.
- the air-conditioning cooling medium flowing in the intermediate heat exchanger 4 is decompressed by the expansion valve 22 ⁇ / b> A to become low temperature and low pressure, evaporates by absorbing heat in the intermediate heat exchanger 4, and returns to the compressor 1.
- the equipment cooling medium and the cooling medium for air conditioning exchange heat, and the equipment cooling medium is cooled.
- the equipment cooling circuit 41 closes the two-way valve 25 and opens the two-way valve 24 so that the equipment cooling medium does not flow through the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 by driving the pump 5.
- the device cooling medium flows only to the device cooling circuit 41A, and when the two-way valve 21 is opened, the device cooling medium flows to the device cooling circuits 41A and 41B. Since the equipment cooling medium is cooled by the refrigeration cycle circuit 90, the heating element 9 can be cooled by circulating the equipment cooling medium.
- the switching damper 44 in the indoor unit 42 is set so that the air sucked in the air inlet / outlet 43A passes through the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 and the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 and blows out from the air inlet / outlet 43B as shown in FIG. Since the equipment cooling medium does not circulate in the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6, the temperature of the air passing through the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 does not change in temperature. In the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 disposed on the downstream side, As a result of this heat exchange, the warmed air is blown out from the air inlet / outlet port 43B into the vehicle interior. Thus, warm air can be blown into the room even in the defrosting operation. Note that the air inlet / outlet port 43B communicates with the room (inside the vehicle) through a duct (not shown) and controls the temperature of the room.
- the expansion valve 22B may be fully closed and the indoor fans 8A and 8B may not be driven.
- the air volume of the indoor fan 8A is decreased, the flow rate of the pump 5 is decreased, the rotational speed of the compressor 1 is decreased, the opening of the expansion valve 22A is reduced, and the air volume of the outdoor fan 3 is decreased. do it. Note that it is not necessary to control all the actuators, and at least one should be controlled.
- the temperature of the air warmed by the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 is set in a state where the equipment cooling medium is not sufficiently warmed. It will be lowered by the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6.
- the equipment cooling medium flowing through the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 is low, the equipment cooling medium does not flow into the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 by opening the two-way valve 24 and closing the two-way valve 25.
- a switching damper 44 is installed so that the warm air heat exchanged in the room cooling heat exchanger 6 does not enter the vehicle. did.
- the air outlets 43A, 43B, 43C, and 43D of the indoor unit 42 shown in FIG. 2 will be described.
- the air inlets / outlets 43A, 43B, 43C are designed to suck indoor air (inside air) or outside air (outside air) through a duct (not shown). Is blown into the room (inside the vehicle) by a duct (not shown). The air blown into the room can be switched to the feet, the windshield, and the like by a duct (not shown).
- the air inlet / outlet 43D is provided with a duct (not shown) so as to blow out to the outside (outside the vehicle).
- the heating element 9 provided in the device cooling circuit 41 is a device that is mounted on the vehicle and needs to adjust the temperature to a predetermined range when the vehicle is operated.
- Specific examples of the heating element 9 include a travel drive motor 73, an inverter 72 for driving the motor 73, a drive battery 76, and a speed reduction mechanism (gear box) provided in the travel drive system.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing conditions for temperature control.
- the temperature control target includes the passenger compartment and the heating element 9, and the heating element 9 is shown for the motor 73, the inverter 72, the battery 76, and the gear box.
- the air conditioning in the passenger compartment is appropriately air-conditioned and dehumidified based on the temperature setting and the outside air temperature. However, as will be described later, cooling may be stopped or weakened to cool the heating element 9.
- the temperature of the motor 73 and the inverter 72 generally increases when a high torque is output. Therefore, the output time of high torque is limited so as not to exceed the predetermined temperature. By increasing the cooling capacity of the motor 73 and the inverter 72, the output time of high torque can be extended.
- the temperature of the equipment cooling medium circulating in the motor 73 and the inverter 72 is controlled to be, for example, 60 ° C. or less.
- the battery 76 preferably maintains the temperature of the battery 76 in a predetermined temperature range in order to fully exhibit its charge / discharge capability, that is, in order to improve charge / discharge efficiency. Therefore, warm-up (equipment heating) is required when the battery temperature is low (for example, when the outside air temperature is low), and cooling is required when the battery temperature becomes too high due to heat generation of the battery itself. .
- the parallel gear train in the gear box is immersed in the lubricating oil.
- the viscosity of the lubricating oil in the gearbox case affects the loss during driving.
- the lubricating oil temperature is low (such as when the outside air temperature is low)
- Some stirring loss increases.
- the lubricating oil temperature is too high, the oil film is not sufficiently formed on the meshing surface of the gear, and the friction loss increases. For this reason, warm-up (equipment heating) is required at the start of winter, etc., and when the lubricating oil temperature is high, it is necessary to promote heat dissipation from the gear box.
- the air-conditioning control device 61 takes in vehicle operation information 64 (vehicle speed information, accelerator opening information, etc.) and travel plan information 65, and The air conditioner 60 is controlled based on the temperature 63 of the equipment requiring temperature control and the vehicle interior temperature 62. For example, by predicting temperature changes in equipment and vehicle interiors that require temperature control, and by changing the preset temperature of the cooling medium for air conditioning and the equipment cooling medium in advance based on the prediction, it is possible to efficiently cool and warm up each equipment. And control to optimize the equipment temperature.
- vehicle operation information 64 vehicle speed information, accelerator opening information, etc.
- travel plan information 65 travel plan information
- the air conditioner 60 is controlled based on the temperature 63 of the equipment requiring temperature control and the vehicle interior temperature 62. For example, by predicting temperature changes in equipment and vehicle interiors that require temperature control, and by changing the preset temperature of the cooling medium for air conditioning and the equipment cooling medium in advance based on the prediction, it is possible to efficiently cool and warm up each equipment. And control to optimize the equipment temperature.
- FIG. 15 is a flowchart showing a control processing program in the air conditioning control device 61.
- the microcomputer provided in the air-conditioning control device 61 sequentially executes the processing shown in FIG. 15 by software processing. Note that the macro computer starts the processing of the program shown in FIG. 15 when the ignition key switch of the vehicle is turned on.
- step S1 an initial set temperature of an air conditioning cooling medium used for vehicle interior air conditioning and an equipment cooling medium used for cooling and heating the heating element 9 is determined.
- the initial set temperature is, for example, an appropriate temperature when it is assumed that the outside air temperature is normal temperature and flat road traveling at a predetermined speed is assumed.
- step S2 it is determined whether or not there is an air conditioning system drive command.
- the air conditioning system drive is turned on / off by turning on / off the vehicle
- the presence / absence of an air conditioning system drive command is determined depending on whether the vehicle on / off switch is on. If it determines with NO in step S2, the program of FIG. 15 will be complete
- step S3 based on at least one of the vehicle driving information 64, the travel plan information 65, the detected temperature of each heating element 9 and the detected temperature of the cooling medium, the vehicle interior, each heating element 9 and the air conditioner that are to be temperature controlled are used. Predict changes in temperature of cooling medium and equipment cooling medium.
- step S4 based on the temperature change prediction obtained in step S3, it is determined whether or not it is necessary to change the set temperatures of the air conditioning cooling medium and the equipment cooling medium.
- step S4 If it is determined in step S4 that the change is necessary, the process proceeds to step S5, the set temperature of the cooling medium is changed, and the process proceeds to step S6. On the other hand, if the predicted temperature is calculated and it is determined that the change is not necessary, step S5 is skipped and the process proceeds to step S6.
- step S6 each actuator of the air conditioner 60 shown in FIG. 1 is controlled so as to change the current temperature of the cooling medium based on the changed set temperature.
- the set temperature of the cooling medium is changed in steps S4 to S6.
- the set temperature of the heating element 9 vehicle interior, each device
- the set temperature of the heating element 9 may be changed.
- the driver's intention (whether to accelerate) can be determined from the vehicle driving information 64 (vehicle speed, accelerator opening).
- the travel plan information 65 is road information (congestion, road gradient) and destination information to the destination by the navigation device.
- the heat generation amount of the heating element 9 is predicted from the predicted motor output and indoor air conditioning output, and the set temperature in the passenger compartment and the set temperature of the temperature control target device are changed.
- the set temperature of the motor and inverter is lowered in advance in order to cool the motor and inverter.
- the set temperatures of the motor and the inverter are lowered from the initial settings.
- the initial setting is, for example, a setting that assumes general traveling on a flat road.
- the set temperature of the battery is not changed, and the flow of the device cooling medium is controlled so as to be within a predetermined temperature range in which efficient charging / discharging can be performed, thereby performing warming or cooling.
- the exhaust temperature is recovered without changing the set temperature of the gearbox.
- the set temperature is not changed, and warm-up / cooling is controlled so that the battery temperature during charging is within a predetermined temperature range.
- warm-up / cooling is controlled so that the battery temperature during charging is within a predetermined temperature range.
- the battery Before driving, it is assumed that the battery is charged by AC power while the vehicle is parked. In this case, the vehicle interior is previously cooled and heated by an AC power source so that the vehicle interior temperature is in a comfortable state at the start of traveling.
- the motor and inverter When the vehicle is temporarily stopped, such as when waiting for traffic lights or when there is traffic, the motor and inverter generate less heat than the running state, and the temperature does not rise even if the cooling power is lower. Reduce cooling power. As a result, energy saving can be achieved.
- the set temperature of the battery the temperature range is widened.
- the set temperatures of the motor, inverter and battery are set in the same manner as before the temporary stop.
- the vehicle interior / cooling and the gearbox cooling / warming are predicted to stop the vehicle drive, so that they are stopped in advance to save energy.
- each device if the temperature of each device is close to the upper limit temperature when the vehicle interior air conditioning and the cooling and warming of each device are performed, the cooling and warming up of each device has priority over the vehicle interior air conditioning. To do.
- the temperature change is predicted in step S3, and the set temperature (target temperature) of the cooling medium is changed based on the prediction result.
- the vehicle state shown in FIG. 16 is predicted from the information 65, and the change of the set temperature may be determined directly from the prediction result.
- the electric vehicle control device includes a vehicle control device 70 that controls the entire vehicle, an air conditioning control device 61 that controls the air conditioning device 60, and a braking / driving control device that controls braking / driving of the motor 73, the inverter 72, and the brake 74. 71 and a battery control device 75 that performs power management of the battery 76.
- a vehicle control device 70 that controls the entire vehicle
- an air conditioning control device 61 that controls the air conditioning device 60
- a braking / driving control device that controls braking / driving of the motor 73, the inverter 72, and the brake 74.
- 71 and a battery control device 75 that performs power management of the battery 76.
- the air conditioning control device 61 switches the operation of the air conditioning device 60 shown in FIGS. 3 to 11 and controls the temperature of the air conditioning cooling medium and the equipment cooling medium shown in FIG.
- FIG. 18 is a flowchart of a program for changing the control cycle in the air conditioning control device 61. Normally, the control cycle is t1, but if the temperature of the equipment cooling medium is equal to or higher than the predetermined temperature T1 in step S101, the control cycle is maintained at t2 or changed in step S103. Here, t2 is smaller than t1. If the temperature of the equipment cooling medium is lower than the predetermined temperature T1 in step S101, the control cycle is maintained at t1 or changed in step S102.
- the control cycle of the air conditioning control device 61 is shortened. Since the temperature change in the passenger compartment is small and the service life is improved by reducing the number of operations of the devices such as the compressor 1 and the expansion valves 22A, 22B, 23, the control cycle of the air conditioning control device 61 is preferably long.
- the predetermined temperature T1 in step S101 is the control cycle. Predict the rising temperature of the equipment cooling medium at t1, and set the temperature lower than the upper limit temperature of the equipment cooling medium.
- the temperature rise during the control cycle t1 is obtained from the heat capacity of the device cooling circuit and the heat generation amount of the heating element 9. When the heat capacity of the device cooling circuit is small and the amount of heat generated by the heating element 9 is large, the temperature rises.
- the predetermined temperature T1 may be a fixed value determined in advance, or may be a value that changes from the amount of heat generated by a device that changes during driving of the vehicle air conditioning system.
- FIG. 19 is a flowchart of a program for determining whether or not the motor 73 is operated at a high torque.
- step S201 it is determined whether or not there is a request for high torque operation of the motor 73. If there is a high torque operation request in step S201, it is determined in step S201 whether the equipment coolant temperature is equal to or lower than a predetermined temperature T2. If there is no high torque operation request in step S201, the process waits until there is a high torque operation request in step S201.
- step S202 when the device cooling medium temperature is equal to or lower than the predetermined temperature T2, the motor 73 is operated at high torque in step S204. If the device cooling medium temperature is higher than the predetermined temperature T2 in step S202, the device cooling operation is performed until the device cooling medium becomes equal to or lower than the predetermined temperature T2 in step 203.
- the predetermined temperature T2 in step S202 is lower than T1, and is determined from the output torque of the motor 73 and the high torque operation time.
- the predetermined temperature T2 is lowered as the operating time is longer even at the same high torque.
- the motor 73 and the inverter 72 can be prevented from being damaged.
- FIG. 20 is a flowchart of the drive control of the compressor 1. In the control shown in FIG. 20, only the part for driving and stopping the compressor 1 is shown. The rotational speed control of the compressor 1 is separately performed together with the opening degree control of the expansion valves 22A, 22B, and 23.
- step S301 it is determined whether there is a difference between the room temperature and the room target temperature or whether the upper limit temperature of the equipment cooling medium has been reached.
- step S301 when there is a difference between the indoor temperature and the indoor target temperature, or when the equipment cooling medium has reached the upper limit temperature, the compressor 1 is driven in step S302.
- the rotation speed of the compressor 1 is determined by the difference between the room temperature and the indoor target temperature, and the difference between the equipment cooling medium temperature and the upper limit temperature.
- step S301 if there is no difference between the room temperature and the room target temperature, and the device cooling medium has not reached the upper limit temperature, the compressor 1 is stopped or kept in the stopped state in step 303.
- step S302 the compressor 1 is driven, and in step S304, it is determined whether or not the compressor 1 is driven at the minimum number of revolutions. If the compressor 1 is not driven at the minimum number of revolutions in step S304, the process returns to step S301. If the compressor 1 is driven at the minimum number of revolutions, whether or not the room temperature has reached the target temperature in step S305. Determine.
- step S305 if the room temperature has not reached the target temperature, the process returns to step S301. If the room temperature has reached the target temperature, the compressor 1 is continuously driven at the minimum number of revolutions in step 306. In step S307, it is determined whether the device cooling medium temperature is equal to or lower than a predetermined temperature T3.
- step 307 if the equipment cooling medium temperature is higher than the predetermined temperature T3, the process returns to step S306, and if it is lower than the predetermined temperature T3, the compressor 1 is stopped in step S308. Then, after stopping the compressor 1 in step S309, it is determined whether or not a predetermined time has elapsed. If the predetermined time has not elapsed after the stop in step S309, the process returns to step S308, and the compressor 1 is kept stopped. If a predetermined time has elapsed after stopping the compressor 1 in step S309, the process returns to step S301.
- the drive control of the compressor 1 in FIG. 20 is a control corresponding to this.
- the temperature of the equipment cooling medium is lowered to T3 and then stopped.
- the predetermined temperature T3 is lower than the upper limit temperature, and is set to be equal to or higher than the outside air temperature in order to prevent dew condensation of the device.
- the heat generation amount of the device may be predicted based on the travel plan information 65 such as road information and destination information, and the temperature T3 of the device cooling medium may be obtained based on the heat generation amount. That is, T3 is obtained from the predicted temperature of the equipment cooling medium after the elapse of a predetermined time in step 309.
- step 309 is measured even when the vehicle is stopped (ignition OFF), and the compressor 1 can be protected even when the vehicle is restarted.
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Abstract
Description
図1は、本発明の車両用空調システムの概略構成を示す図である。図1に示す車両用空調システムは、車室や温調が必要な機器の冷暖房、冷却/加熱を行うための空調装置60と、その空調装置60を制御する空調制御装置61を備えている。空調装置60に設けられた各種アクチュエータは、空調制御装置61からの制御信号により制御される。本実施の形態に関係するアクチュエータには、圧縮機1、流量制御手段としての膨張弁22A、22B、23、第一流路切換手段としての四方弁19、第二流路切換手段としての三方弁20、二方弁21、24、25、ポンプ5、室外ファン3および室内ファン8がある。
図2は、空調装置60の概略構成を示す図である。空調装置60は、室内空調および発熱体9の冷却を行う空調用冷却媒体(例えば冷媒)が循環する冷凍サイクル回路90と、発熱体9の冷却を行う機器冷却媒体(例えば機器冷却媒体)が循環する機器冷却回路41とを備えている。
機器冷却運転は、室内空調が無しの状態で発熱体9を冷却する運転であり、図3を用いて説明する。この運転は、機器冷却回路41を循環する機器冷却媒体を室内冷却熱交換器6でのみ冷却する場合と、室内冷却熱交換器6と中間熱交換器4で機器冷却媒体を冷却する場合がある。
冷房運転は、発熱体9の冷却無しに室内を冷房する運転であり、図4を用いて説明する。
冷房、機器冷却運転は、発熱体9を冷却し、室内を冷房する運転であり、図5を用いて説明する。この運転は、機器冷却回路41を循環する機器冷却媒体を室内冷却熱交換器6でのみ冷却する場合と、室内冷却熱交換器6と中間熱交換器4で機器冷却媒体を冷却する場合がある。
暖房運転は、発熱体9の冷却無しに室内を暖房する運転であり、図6を用いて説明する。
暖房、機器冷却運転は、発熱体9を冷却し、室内を暖房する運転であり、図7を用いて説明する。上記の暖房運転で記したように、室内冷却熱交換器6での放熱により、機器冷却媒体を目標温度以下に保つことができれば発熱体9の温度上昇を抑えることができるが、室内冷却熱交換器6での放熱で足りない場合や後述するように機器冷却媒体の温度を一時的に低くする場合には、冷凍サイクル回路90を用いた機器冷却が必要になる。
除湿運転は、室内を除湿する運転であり、図8を用いて説明する。
暖房、除湿運転は、室内を暖房、除湿する運転であり、図9を用いて説明する。
外気温度の低い冬季の始動時などでは、発熱体9をあらかじめ暖めておく方がよい場合がある。機器加熱運転は、室内空調をせず、発熱体9を暖める運転であり、図10を用いて説明する。
除霜運転では、図11に示すように四方弁19、三方弁20を接続し、圧縮機1の吐出配管10は室外熱交換器2および室内空調熱交換器7に接続され、圧縮機1の吸込配管11は中間熱交換器4に接続される。なお、膨張弁23、22Bは全開としている。すなわち、室外熱交換器2と室内空調熱交換器7を凝縮器、中間熱交換器4を蒸発器としている。
そして、下流側に配置された室内空調熱交換器7での熱交換により、暖められた空気が空気出入り口43Bから車室内へ吹き出される。このように、除霜運転でも室内に暖かい空気を吹き出すことができる。なお、空気出入り口43Bは図示しないダクトにより室内(車内)に通じており、室内の温調を行う。
上記の運転動作の説明において、室内ユニット42の空気の流れを動作モードによって切り替えるようにしている。その理由について説明する。
ところで、機器冷却回路41に設けられた発熱体9は、車両に搭載された機器で車両運転時に温度を所定範囲に調整する必要のある機器である。発熱体9の具体例としては、走行駆動用のモータ73、そのモータ73を駆動するためのインバータ72、駆動用バッテリ76、走行駆動系に設けられた減速機構(ギヤボックス)などがある。
本発明においては、図1に示すように、空調制御装置61は、車両運転情報64(車速情報、アクセル開度情報など)および走行計画情報65を取り込み、それらの情報と温調が必要な機器の温度63と車室内温度62に基づいて、空調装置60を制御する。例えば、温調が必要な機器や車室内の温度変化を予測し、その予測に基づいて予め空調用冷却媒体および機器冷却媒体の設定温度を変更することで各機器の冷却および暖機を効率良く行い、機器温度が最適となるように制御する。
次に車両の状態と温調が必要な機器である発熱体9の設定温度の変更について、図16を用いて説明する。車両状態は、車両運転情報64としてのアクセルセンサおよび車速センサからの検出信号や、ナビゲーション装置からの走行計画情報65に基づくものである。
次に本発明の車両用空調システムが搭載される電気自動車の制御装置の構成を、図17を用いて説明する。電気自動車の制御装置は、車両全体の制御を行う車両制御装置70と、空調装置60の制御を行う空調制御装置61と、モータ73、インバータ72、ブレーキ74の制駆動を制御する制駆動制御装置71と、バッテリ76の電力管理を行う電池制御装置75とからなる。なお、上記以外にも制御装置は存在するが、本実施例では記載を省略する。
図18は、空調制御装置61における制御周期変更を行うプログラムのフローチャートである。通常、制御周期は、t1としているが、ステップS101で機器冷却媒体の温度が所定温度T1以上の場合には、ステップS103で制御周期をt2に保つか、変更する。ここで、t2はt1より小さい。ステップS101で機器冷却媒体の温度が所定温度T1より小さい場合には、ステップS102で制御周期をt1に保つか、変更する。
ステップS101の所定温度T1は、制御周期t1での機器冷却媒体の上昇温度を予測し、機器冷却媒体の上限温度よりこの上昇温度分低く設定する。制御周期t1間での上昇温度は、機器冷却回路の熱容量と発熱体9の発熱量から求める。機器冷却回路の熱容量が小さく発熱体9の発熱量が大きい場合には、この上昇温度が大きくなる。また、所定温度T1は、あらかじめ決定した固定値であっても良いし、車両用空調システムを駆動中に変化する機器の発熱量等から変化するものであってもよい。
(18)モータの高トルク運転判定制御について
図19は、モータ73を高トルク運転するか否かを判定するプログラムのフローチャートである。
図20は、圧縮機1の駆動制御のフローチャートである。図20に示す制御は、圧縮機1の駆動、停止を行う部分のみ記した。圧縮機1の回転数制御は、膨張弁22A、22B、23の開度制御とともに別途行うものである。
ステップ309における停止後の時間は、車両の停止(イグニッションOFF)時でも計測をしており、車両の再起動時にも圧縮機1を保護することができる。
Claims (7)
- 車両に搭載された発熱機器の機器冷却回路と、冷凍サイクル回路を有する車室内空調装置と、前記機器冷却回路の機器冷却媒体と、前記冷凍サイクル回路の空調用冷却媒体の間の熱交換を行う中間熱交換器と、を備えた車両用空調システムであって、
前記機器冷却回路の機器冷却媒体の温度が第一の所定の温度以上になると、前記車両用空調システムの制御周期を短い時間とするものであって、前記第一の所定の温度は、前記機器冷却媒体の上限温度未満であって、前記機器冷却回路の熱容量と前記発熱機器の発熱量から決定することを特徴とする車両用空調システム。 - 車両に搭載された発熱機器の機器冷却回路と、冷凍サイクル回路を有する車室内空調装置と、前記機器冷却回路の機器冷却媒体と、前記冷凍サイクル回路の空調用冷却媒体の間の熱交換を行う中間熱交換器と、を備えた車両用空調システムであって、
前記冷凍サイクルの圧縮機を最低回転数で駆動している場合であって、かつ、室内温度が目標温度に到達した場合には、前記機器冷却媒体の温度が第二の所定温度以下になると前記圧縮機を停止することを特徴とする車両用空調システム。 - 請求項2に記載された車両用空調システムにおいて、
道路情報や目的地情報などの走行計画情報に基づいて前記発熱機器の発熱量を予測し、該予測発熱量に基づいて、前記機器冷却媒体の前記第二の所定温度を変更することを特徴とする車両用空調システム。 - 請求項1又は2に記載された車両用空調システムにおいて、
前記機器冷却媒体の前記所定温度を、外気温度以上とすることを特徴とする車両用空調システム。 - 請求項2に記載された車両用空調システムにおいて、
前記圧縮機の停止時に前記機器冷却媒体が上限温度以上になった場合には、前記発熱機器の出力を制限することを特徴とする車両用空調システム。 - 請求項2に記載された車両用空調システムにおいて、
前記圧縮機を停止後の時間を計測し、所定時間経過するまで再起動しないこと、を特徴とする車両用空調システム。 - 車両に搭載された発熱機器の機器冷却回路と、冷凍サイクル回路を有する車室内空調装置と、前記機器冷却回路の機器冷却媒体と前記冷凍サイクル回路の空調用冷却媒体の間の熱交換を行う中間熱交換器と、を備えた車両用空調システムであって、
車両を駆動するモータの高トルク運転要求がある場合であって、前記機器冷却回路の前記機器冷却媒体の温度が第三の所定の温度以下の場合に高トルク運転で駆動し、前記機器冷却媒体の温度が所定の温度を超える場合には、前記機器冷却媒体の温度を下げるように前記車両用空調システムを運転し、高トルク運転しないこと、を特徴とする車両用空調システム。
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