WO2012105048A1 - 被覆活物質、電池および被覆活物質の製造方法 - Google Patents
被覆活物質、電池および被覆活物質の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012105048A1 WO2012105048A1 PCT/JP2011/052404 JP2011052404W WO2012105048A1 WO 2012105048 A1 WO2012105048 A1 WO 2012105048A1 JP 2011052404 W JP2011052404 W JP 2011052404W WO 2012105048 A1 WO2012105048 A1 WO 2012105048A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/1391—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0561—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of inorganic materials only
- H01M10/0562—Solid materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0068—Solid electrolytes inorganic
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a coated active material that can suppress an increase in interfacial resistance.
- lithium batteries currently on the market use an electrolyte containing a flammable organic solvent, it is possible to install safety devices that suppress the temperature rise during short circuits and to improve the structure and materials to prevent short circuits. Necessary.
- a lithium battery in which the electrolyte is changed to a solid electrolyte layer to make the battery completely solid does not use a flammable organic solvent in the battery, so the safety device can be simplified, and manufacturing costs and productivity can be reduced. It is considered excellent.
- Patent Document 1 discloses that an oxide-based positive electrode active material is coated with lithium niobate. This technique suppresses an increase in interfacial resistance between the oxide-based positive electrode active material and the solid electrolyte material at a high temperature by increasing the thickness uniformity of lithium niobate.
- the increase in the interface resistance between the active material and the solid electrolyte material is caused by the reaction between the two and the generation of a high resistance layer at the interface.
- reaction of an active material and a solid electrolyte material has been suppressed by interposing lithium niobate between the active material and the solid electrolyte material.
- This invention is made
- a coated active material used for a battery, the active material, and a coating layer that covers the active material, the coating layer containing a tungsten element Provided is a coated active material characterized by comprising a material to be formed.
- a coating active material capable of suppressing an increase in interface resistance can be obtained.
- an increase in interfacial resistance after long-term storage can be suppressed.
- the active material is preferably an oxide active material. This is because a high-capacity active material can be obtained.
- the substance containing the tungsten element is preferably lithium tungstate. It is because it has Li ion conductivity. Thereby, the coating active material useful for a lithium battery use can be obtained.
- at least one of the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode active material is the above-described coated active material.
- a battery in which an increase in interface resistance is suppressed can be obtained.
- an increase in interfacial resistance after long-term storage can be suppressed.
- the coated active material is preferably in contact with the sulfide solid electrolyte material. This is because the sulfide solid electrolyte material has high reactivity, and when the coating active material is used, the effect of suppressing the increase in interface resistance is easily exhibited.
- a method for producing a coated active material used in a battery wherein the active material is coated with an aqueous solution in which a substance containing a tungsten element is dissolved and dried.
- a method for producing a coated active material comprising a coating step of forming a coating layer for coating the coating.
- a coated active material capable of suppressing an increase in interface resistance can be obtained.
- a hydrophilization treatment step for performing a hydrophilic treatment on the surface of the active material before or simultaneously with the coating step.
- the hydrophilic treatment reduces the surface tension of the active material surface, and the aqueous solution tends to adhere to and spread on the active material surface.
- the adhesion strength between the coating layer and the active material is increased, and that the contact area between the coating layer and the active material is increased.
- the hydrophilization treatment is preferably an ultraviolet irradiation treatment or a plasma treatment.
- coated active material the battery and the method for producing the coated active material of the present invention will be described in detail.
- the coated active material of the present invention is a coated active material used for a battery, and has an active material and a coating layer that coats the active material, and the coating layer is made of a material containing tungsten element. It is characterized by that.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of the coated active material of the present invention.
- a coated active material 10 shown in FIG. 1 includes an active material 1 and a coating layer 2 that coats the active material 1.
- the coating active material 10 of the present invention is characterized in that the coating layer 2 is composed of a material containing a tungsten element.
- a coating active material capable of suppressing an increase in interface resistance.
- an increase in interfacial resistance after long-term storage can be suppressed.
- a material containing a niobium element such as lithium niobate has been used as a material for the coating layer, but an increase in interface resistance could not be sufficiently suppressed.
- the increase in interface resistance can further be suppressed by using the substance containing a tungsten element.
- the coated active material of the present invention has a coating layer composed of a material containing tungsten element, the coating layer has an active material and other materials in contact with the coated active material (for example, a solid electrolyte material) , Electrolyte solution such as electrolyte solution and polymer electrolyte material). Thereby, reaction with an active material and another substance can be suppressed, and the increase in interface resistance can be suppressed.
- the coated active material of the present invention can be used not only for solid battery applications but also for liquid batteries and polymer batteries. Hereinafter, the coated active material of the present invention will be described for each configuration.
- the active material in the present invention is an active material used in battery electrodes.
- an active material used for a lithium secondary battery has a function of inserting and extracting Li ions.
- an oxide active material can be mentioned. This is because a high-capacity active material can be obtained.
- M is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of Co, Mn, Ni, V and Fe, and preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of Co, Ni and Mn. More preferred.
- an oxide active material specifically, a rock salt layer type active material such as LiCoO 2 , LiMnO 2 , LiNiO 2 , LiVO 2 , LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 , LiMn Examples thereof include spinel active materials such as 2 O 4 and Li (Ni 0.5 Mn 1.5 ) O 4 .
- oxide active material other than the above-mentioned general formula Li x M y O z cited LiFePO 4, olivine type active material of LiMnPO 4 such, Li 2 FeSiO 4, Li 2 MnSiO Si -containing active material such as 4 be able to.
- Nb 2 O 5 , Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 , SiO and the like can be used as the oxide active material used as the negative electrode active material of the lithium battery.
- the active material in this invention may be used as a positive electrode active material, and may be used as a negative electrode active material. This is because the positive electrode active material or the negative electrode active material is determined by the potential of the active material to be combined.
- the shape of the active material examples include a particle shape. Among them, a true spherical shape or an elliptical spherical shape is preferable.
- the average particle diameter (D 50 ) is preferably in the range of 0.1 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m, for example.
- the coating layer in this invention is comprised from the substance which coat
- the substance containing tungsten element examples include tungsten alone and a tungsten compound. Although it does not specifically limit as a tungsten compound, For example, a tungsten oxide can be mentioned. Further, examples of the tungsten oxide include tungstate, tungstic acid (H 2 WO 4 ), tungsten oxide (WO 2 , WO 3 , W 2 O 5 ) and the like. Examples of the tungstate include lithium tungstate (Li 2 WO 4 ), sodium tungstate (Na 2 WO 4 ), and calcium tungstate (CaWO 4 ). In particular, in the present invention, the substance containing a tungsten element is preferably lithium tungstate (Li 2 WO 4 ). It is because it has Li ion conductivity. Thereby, the coating active material useful for a lithium battery use can be obtained.
- the thickness of the coating layer may be a thickness that can suppress the reaction between the active material and other substances (for example, an electrolyte material such as a solid electrolyte material, an electrolytic solution, and a polymer electrolyte material). It is preferably within the range of 2 nm to 100 nm, more preferably within the range of 3 nm to 50 nm. This is because if the coating layer is too thin, the active material may react with other materials, and if the coating layer is too thick, the ionic conductivity may be reduced.
- the thickness of the coating layer can be determined by observation with a transmission electron microscope (TEM).
- the coverage of the coating layer on the active material surface is preferably high from the viewpoint of suppressing increase in interface resistance. Specifically, the coverage is preferably 50% or more, and more preferably 80% or more. Further, the coating layer may cover the entire surface of the active material. The coverage of the coating layer can be determined by observation with a transmission electron microscope (TEM).
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- Coating active material The coating active material of this invention is normally used for a battery.
- the battery will be described in detail in “B. Battery” described later.
- the method for producing the coated active material will be described in detail in “C. Method for producing coated active material” described later.
- a general method such as a sol-gel method, a mechanofusion method, a CVD method, or a PVD method may be used.
- the battery of the present invention includes a positive electrode active material layer containing a positive electrode active material, a negative electrode active material layer containing a negative electrode active material, an electrolyte layer formed between the positive electrode active material layer and the negative electrode active material layer, And at least one of the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode active material is the above-described coated active material.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view showing an example of the power generation element of the battery of the present invention, and specifically shows an example of the power generation element of the solid battery.
- the power generation element 20 of the battery shown in FIG. 2 includes a positive electrode active material layer 11, a negative electrode active material layer 12, and a solid electrolyte layer 13 formed between the positive electrode active material layer 11 and the negative electrode active material layer 12.
- the positive electrode active material layer 11 includes a coated active material 10 including the active material 1 and the coating layer 2, and an electrolyte material 3.
- the present invention by using the above-described coated active material, a battery in which an increase in interface resistance is suppressed can be obtained. In particular, an increase in interfacial resistance after long-term storage can be suppressed. Further, by using the above-described coated active material, it is possible to suppress a decrease in battery capacity during storage.
- the battery of this invention is demonstrated for every structure.
- the positive electrode active material layer in the present invention is a layer containing at least a positive electrode active material, and may further contain at least one of a solid electrolyte material, a conductive material and a binder as necessary.
- the positive electrode active material in the present invention is preferably the coated active material described in the above “A. Coated active material”. This is because an increase in interface resistance can be suppressed.
- the positive electrode active material may not be the coated active material.
- the content of the positive electrode active material in the positive electrode active material layer is, for example, preferably in the range of 10% by weight to 99% by weight, and more preferably in the range of 20% by weight to 90% by weight.
- the positive electrode active material layer preferably contains a solid electrolyte material. This is because the ionic conductivity in the positive electrode active material layer can be improved.
- the solid electrolyte material contained in a positive electrode active material layer it is the same as that of the solid electrolyte material described in "3. Electrolyte layer" mentioned later.
- the content of the solid electrolyte material in the positive electrode active material layer is, for example, preferably in the range of 1% by weight to 90% by weight, and more preferably in the range of 10% by weight to 80% by weight.
- the coated active material is preferably in contact with the sulfide solid electrolyte material.
- the active material that supports the coating layer is preferably an oxide active material. This is because the sulfide solid electrolyte material and the oxide active material are likely to react, and this reaction can be suppressed by the coating layer.
- Examples of a mode in which the coating active material and the sulfide solid electrolyte material are in contact include a mode in which the positive electrode active material layer contains both the coating active material and the sulfide solid electrolyte material, and both are in contact in the positive electrode active material layer. be able to. Further, as another example of the above embodiment, the positive electrode active material layer contains a coating active material, the solid electrolyte layer contains a sulfide solid electrolyte material, and both are present at the interface between the positive electrode active material layer and the solid electrolyte layer.
- the aspect which touches can be mentioned.
- the positive electrode active material layer in the present invention may further contain a conductive material.
- a conductive material By adding a conductive material, the conductivity of the positive electrode active material layer can be improved.
- the conductive material include acetylene black, ketjen black, and carbon fiber.
- the positive electrode active material layer may further contain a binder. Examples of the binder include fluorine-containing binders such as PTFE and PVDF.
- the thickness of the positive electrode active material layer varies depending on the type of the target battery, but is preferably in the range of 0.1 ⁇ m to 1000 ⁇ m, for example.
- the negative electrode active material layer in the present invention is a layer containing at least a negative electrode active material, and may further contain at least one of a solid electrolyte material, a conductive material, and a binder as necessary.
- the negative electrode active material in the present invention is preferably the coated active material described in “A. Coated active material” above. This is because an increase in interface resistance can be suppressed.
- the negative electrode active material may not be the coated active material.
- the negative electrode active material other than the coating active material include a metal active material and a carbon active material.
- the metal active material include In, Al, Si, and Sn.
- examples of the carbon active material include graphite such as mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB) and highly oriented graphite (HOPG), and amorphous carbon such as hard carbon and soft carbon. Note that SiC or the like can also be used as the negative electrode active material.
- the content of the negative electrode active material in the negative electrode active material layer is preferably in the range of 10% by weight to 99% by weight, for example, and more preferably in the range of 20% by weight to 90% by weight.
- the negative electrode active material layer preferably contains a solid electrolyte material. This is because the ionic conductivity in the negative electrode active material layer can be improved.
- the solid electrolyte material contained in a negative electrode active material layer it is the same as that of the solid electrolyte material described in "3. Electrolyte layer" mentioned later.
- the content of the solid electrolyte material in the negative electrode active material layer is, for example, preferably in the range of 1% by weight to 90% by weight, and more preferably in the range of 10% by weight to 80% by weight.
- the coated active material is preferably in contact with the sulfide solid electrolyte material.
- the active material that supports the coating layer is preferably an oxide active material. This is because the sulfide solid electrolyte material and the oxide active material are likely to react, and this reaction can be suppressed by the coating layer. Since the aspect in which the coating active material and the sulfide solid electrolyte material are in contact is the same as that in the above-described positive electrode active material, description thereof is omitted here.
- the conductive material and the binder used for the negative electrode active material layer are the same as those in the positive electrode active material layer described above.
- the thickness of the negative electrode active material layer varies depending on the type of the target battery, but is preferably in the range of 0.1 ⁇ m to 1000 ⁇ m, for example.
- the electrolyte layer in the present invention is a layer formed between the positive electrode active material layer and the negative electrode active material layer. Ion conduction between the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode active material is performed via the electrolyte contained in the electrolyte layer.
- the form of the electrolyte layer is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a solid electrolyte layer, a liquid electrolyte layer, and a gel electrolyte layer.
- the solid electrolyte layer is a layer containing a solid electrolyte material.
- the solid electrolyte material include a sulfide solid electrolyte material and an oxide solid electrolyte material.
- a sulfide solid electrolyte material is preferable. This is because the ion conductivity is higher than that of the oxide solid electrolyte material.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte material is more reactive than the oxide solid electrolyte material, it easily reacts with the active material, and easily forms a high resistance layer between the active material. Therefore, when a coating active material is used, the effect which suppresses the increase in interface resistance is easy to be exhibited.
- Examples of the sulfide solid electrolyte material used in the lithium battery include Li 2 S—P 2 S 5 , Li 2 S—P 2 S 5 —LiI, Li 2 S—P 2 S 5 —Li 2 O, and Li 2.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte material if it is made by using the raw material composition containing Li 2 S and P 2 S 5, the proportion of Li 2 S to the total of Li 2 S and P 2 S 5 is For example, it is preferably in the range of 70 mol% to 80 mol%, more preferably in the range of 72 mol% to 78 mol%, and still more preferably in the range of 74 mol% to 76 mol%. This is because a sulfide solid electrolyte material having an ortho composition or a composition in the vicinity thereof can be obtained, and a sulfide solid electrolyte material having high chemical stability can be obtained.
- ortho generally refers to one having the highest degree of hydration among oxo acids obtained by hydrating the same oxide.
- the crystal composition in which Li 2 S is added most in the sulfide is called the ortho composition.
- Li 2 S—P 2 S 5 system Li 3 PS 4 corresponds to the ortho composition.
- P 2 S 5 in the raw material composition, even when using the Al 2 S 3, or B 2 S 3, a preferred range is the same.
- Li 3 AlS 3 corresponds to the ortho composition
- Li 3 BS 3 corresponds to the ortho composition.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte material if it is made by using the raw material composition containing Li 2 S and SiS 2, the ratio of Li 2 S to the total of Li 2 S and SiS 2, for example 60 mol% ⁇ It is preferably within the range of 72 mol%, more preferably within the range of 62 mol% to 70 mol%, and even more preferably within the range of 64 mol% to 68 mol%. This is because a sulfide solid electrolyte material having an ortho composition or a composition in the vicinity thereof can be obtained, and a sulfide solid electrolyte material having high chemical stability can be obtained. In the Li 2 S—SiS 2 system, Li 4 SiS 4 corresponds to the ortho composition.
- the preferred range is the same when GeS 2 is used instead of SiS 2 in the raw material composition.
- Li 4 GeS 4 corresponds to the ortho composition.
- the ratio of LiX is, for example, in the range of 1 mol% to 60 mol%. Preferably, it is in the range of 5 mol% to 50 mol%, more preferably in the range of 10 mol% to 40 mol%.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte material may be sulfide glass, crystallized sulfide glass, or a crystalline material (material obtained by a solid phase method).
- the average particle diameter (D 50 ) of the sulfide solid electrolyte material is not particularly limited, but is preferably 40 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 20 ⁇ m or less, and even more preferably 10 ⁇ m or less. This is because it is easy to reduce the thickness of the solid electrolyte layer and improve the filling rate of the solid electrolyte layer and the electrode active material layer.
- the average particle diameter is preferably 0.01 ⁇ m or more, and more preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or more.
- the said average particle diameter can be determined with a particle size distribution meter, for example.
- the Li ion conductivity at room temperature is preferably 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 S / cm or more, for example, and preferably 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 S / cm or more. More preferably.
- the thickness of the solid electrolyte layer is not particularly limited, but is preferably in the range of 0.1 ⁇ m to 1000 ⁇ m, for example, and more preferably in the range of 0.1 ⁇ m to 300 ⁇ m.
- the liquid electrolyte layer is usually a layer formed using a nonaqueous electrolytic solution.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte usually contains a metal salt and a non-aqueous solvent.
- the type of metal salt is preferably selected as appropriate according to the type of battery.
- the metal salt used in lithium batteries LiPF 6, LiBF 4, LiClO 4 and inorganic lithium salt LiAsF 6, and the like; and LiCF 3 SO 3, LiN (CF 3 SO 2) 2, LiN (C 2 F 5 And organic lithium salts such as SO 2 ) 2 and LiC (CF 3 SO 2 ) 3 .
- non-aqueous solvent examples include ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), butylene carbonate (BC), ⁇ -butyrolactone, sulfolane, Acetonitrile, 1,2-dimethoxymethane, 1,3-dimethoxypropane, diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran and mixtures thereof can be exemplified.
- concentration of the metal salt in the non-aqueous electrolyte is, for example, in the range of 0.5 mol / L to 3 mol / L.
- a low volatile liquid such as an ionic liquid may be used as the nonaqueous electrolytic solution.
- a separator may be disposed between the positive electrode active material layer and the negative electrode active material layer.
- the battery of the present invention has at least the positive electrode active material layer, the negative electrode active material layer, and the electrolyte layer described above. Furthermore, it usually has a positive electrode current collector for collecting current of the positive electrode active material layer and a negative electrode current collector for collecting current of the negative electrode active material layer.
- the material for the positive electrode current collector include SUS, aluminum, nickel, iron, titanium, and carbon.
- examples of the material for the negative electrode current collector include SUS, copper, nickel, and carbon.
- the thickness and shape of the positive electrode current collector and the negative electrode current collector are preferably appropriately selected according to the use of the battery.
- a general battery case can be used for the battery case used for this invention, For example, the battery case made from SUS etc. can be mentioned.
- Battery Examples of the battery of the present invention include a lithium battery, a sodium battery, a magnesium battery, and a calcium battery. Among these, a lithium battery is preferable.
- the battery of the present invention may be a primary battery or a secondary battery, but among them, a secondary battery is preferable. This is because it can be repeatedly charged and discharged and is useful, for example, as a vehicle-mounted battery.
- Examples of the shape of the battery of the present invention include a coin type, a laminate type, a cylindrical type, and a square type.
- the manufacturing method of the battery of this invention will not be specifically limited if it is a method which can obtain the battery mentioned above, The method similar to the manufacturing method of a general battery can be used.
- the method for producing a coated active material of the present invention is a method for producing a coated active material used in a battery, wherein an aqueous solution in which a substance containing a tungsten element is dissolved is applied to the active material and dried. And a coating step of forming a coating layer for coating the active material.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing an example of a method for producing a coated active material of the present invention.
- active material powder for example, oxide active material powder
- a coating layer forming aqueous solution in which a substance containing tungsten element (for example, lithium tungstate) is dissolved are prepared.
- an aqueous solution for forming a coating layer is gradually sprayed onto the surface of the active material powder using a rolling fluid coating apparatus.
- moisture is evaporated by drying to obtain a coated active material in which a coating layer is formed on the surface of the active material.
- a coated active material that can suppress an increase in interface resistance can be obtained.
- an alkoxide is used as the coating layer forming material, and the synthesis process is complicated.
- an aqueous solution for forming a coating layer can be produced simply by dissolving a substance containing tungsten element in water, and a coating layer is uniformly formed on the active material surface by a simple process. can do. That is, the coating layer can be uniformly formed by dissolving and depositing a substance containing tungsten element.
- the manufacturing method of the coating active material of this invention is demonstrated for every process.
- the coating step in the present invention is a step of forming a coating layer that covers the active material by applying an aqueous solution in which a substance containing a tungsten element is dissolved to the active material and drying. Since the active material and the substance containing tungsten element are the same as the contents described in the above “A. Coated active material”, description thereof is omitted here.
- the aqueous solution in the present invention is usually an aqueous solution for forming a coating layer, and contains a substance containing tungsten element.
- the concentration of the substance containing tungsten element dissolved in the aqueous solution is not particularly limited as long as the desired coating layer can be obtained.
- the concentration is 0.02 mol / L to 0.5 mol / L. Is preferably within the range of 0.05 mol / L to 0.3 mol / L. This is because if the concentration is too low, it takes a lot of time to form the coating layer, and if the concentration is too high, it is difficult to prepare an aqueous solution.
- the heating temperature is, for example, preferably in the range of 20 ° C. to 100 ° C., more preferably in the range of 50 ° C. to 90 ° C. when the substance containing tungsten element is dissolved at normal pressure.
- the hydrothermal condition environment refers to an environment in which heating is performed in a sealed container and the pressure in the container is higher than atmospheric pressure.
- the heating temperature in the hydrothermal environment is preferably in the range of 100 ° C. to 240 ° C., for example, and more preferably in the range of 180 ° C. to 220 ° C.
- Examples of the method for applying the aqueous solution to the active material include a rolling fluid coating method, a spray method, a dipping method, and a spray dryer method.
- the aqueous solution is coated on the surface of the active material and then dried.
- moisture content contained in the said aqueous solution evaporates, and the substance containing a tungsten element precipitates on the surface of an active material.
- the drying temperature is not particularly limited as long as it is equal to or higher than the temperature at which water is evaporated. Moreover, you may perform a baking process in the temperature range in which an active material and a coating layer do not deteriorate.
- Hydrophilization treatment step it is preferable to have a hydrophilization treatment step of performing a hydrophilic treatment on the surface of the active material before or simultaneously with the coating step. This is because the hydrophilic treatment reduces the surface tension of the active material surface, and the aqueous solution tends to adhere to and spread on the active material surface. As a result, there are advantages that the adhesion strength between the coating layer and the active material is increased, and that the contact area between the coating layer and the active material is increased.
- the hydrophilization treatment is not particularly limited as long as it can reduce the surface tension of the active material surface.
- ultraviolet irradiation treatment, plasma treatment, ion treatment, radiation treatment, excimer ultraviolet irradiation treatment, ozone Treatment, ozone water treatment, and the like are preferable from the viewpoint of handling.
- the ultraviolet irradiation treatment is a treatment for improving the hydrophilicity of the active material surface by irradiating the active material with ultraviolet rays.
- the wavelength of ultraviolet rays in the ultraviolet irradiation is not particularly limited as long as the surface tension of the active material surface can be lowered, but is preferably in the range of 120 nm to 300 nm, for example, in the range of 150 nm to 260 nm. More preferably, it is within.
- the total irradiation amount of ultraviolet rays for example, preferably 5 mJ / cm 2 ⁇ in the range of 3000 mJ / cm 2, and more preferably in a range of 500mJ / cm 2 ⁇ 1500mJ / cm 2.
- the plasma treatment is a treatment for improving the hydrophilicity of the active material surface by irradiating the active material with plasma generated by the ionization action of the gas, for example, by discharging in a gas atmosphere under a low pressure.
- the discharge include corona discharge (high pressure and low temperature plasma), arc discharge (high pressure and high temperature plasma), glow discharge (low pressure and low temperature plasma), and the like.
- the gas used include nitrogen gas, argon gas, helium gas, neon gas, xenon gas, and oxygen gas.
- the active material powder can be hydrophilized before the coating step.
- rolling fluid coating is performed using an active material powder that has been previously hydrophilized.
- a hydration treatment mechanism for example, a UV irradiation mechanism
- the active material is subjected to a hydrophilic treatment simultaneously with the application of the aqueous solution.
- the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment.
- the above-described embodiment is an exemplification, and the present invention has substantially the same configuration as the technical idea described in the claims of the present invention, and any device that exhibits the same function and effect is the present invention. It is included in the technical scope of the invention.
- Example 1 A 0.25 mol / L aqueous solution of lithium tungstate (Li 2 WO 4 , manufactured by Alfa Aesar) was prepared. At this time, a hydrothermal condition environment (heated to 200 ° C. in a sealed container) was used to improve the dissolution rate of lithium tungstate. Next, LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 was prepared as an active material, and the aqueous solution was applied to the surface of the active material using a tumbling fluidized coating apparatus (manufactured by POWREC). Thereafter, the active material was dried under reduced pressure at 60 ° C. to obtain a coated active material.
- Li 2 WO 4 Li 2 WO 4 , manufactured by Alfa Aesar
- Example 2 A 0.075 mol / L aqueous solution of lithium tungstate (Li 2 WO 4 , Alfa Aesar) was prepared. Under the present circumstances, it heated so that liquid temperature might be 80 degreeC under a normal pressure, and lithium tungstate was dissolved. Next, LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 was immersed in this aqueous solution as an active material, and then water was evaporated. Thereafter, baking at 300 ° C. and drying under reduced pressure at 120 ° C. were performed to completely remove moisture on the surface of the active material to obtain a coated active material.
- lithium tungstate Li 2 WO 4 , Alfa Aesar
- EDX analysis Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis was performed on the coated active materials obtained in Examples 1 and 2. The result is shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 8, a tungsten peak was observed on the surface of the active material.
- a solid battery was produced using the coated active material obtained in Example 1.
- Li 7 P 3 S 11 (sulfide solid electrolyte material) was obtained by a method similar to the method described in JP-A-2005-228570.
- the power generation element 20 of the battery as shown in FIG.
- the positive electrode active material layer 11 a mixed material in which a coating active material and Li 7 P 3 S 11 are mixed at a weight ratio of 7: 3 is used.
- Li 7 P 3 S 11 was used for the solid electrolyte layer 13. Using this power generation element, a solid battery was obtained.
- the interface resistance was measured using the obtained solid battery. First, the solid battery was charged. Charging was performed at a constant voltage of 4.1 V for 12 hours. After charging, the interface resistance between the positive electrode active material layer and the solid electrolyte layer was determined by impedance measurement. The impedance measurement conditions were a voltage amplitude of 10 mV, a measurement frequency of 1 MHz to 0.01 Hz, and 25 ° C. Then, it preserve
- the solid battery having the tungsten element-containing substance in the coating layer is compared with the solid battery having the niobium element-containing substance in the coating layer and the solid battery having no coating layer. Resistance change was small.
- Example 3 A 0.25 mol / L aqueous solution of lithium tungstate (Li 2 WO 4 , manufactured by Alfa Aesar) was prepared. At this time, a hydrothermal condition environment (heated to 200 ° C. in a sealed container) was used to improve the dissolution rate of lithium tungstate. Next, LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 was prepared as an active material. Next, the active material was irradiated with ultraviolet light having a wavelength of 172 nm under the condition of 50 mW / cm 2 ⁇ 30 seconds to perform a hydrophilic treatment.
- Li 2 WO 4 Li 2 WO 4 , manufactured by Alfa Aesar
- the aqueous solution was applied to the surface of the active material subjected to the hydrophilic treatment using a rolling fluid coating apparatus (manufactured by POWREC).
- the active material was dried under reduced pressure conditions at 60 ° C. to obtain a coated active material.
- Example 4 A coated active material was obtained in the same manner as in Example 3 except that an ultraviolet irradiation mechanism was incorporated in the rolling fluid coating apparatus and ultraviolet irradiation was performed using this apparatus.
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Abstract
Description
まず、本発明の被覆活物質について説明する。本発明の被覆活物質は、電池に用いられる被覆活物質であって、活物質と、上記活物質を被覆する被覆層とを有し、上記被覆層が、タングステン元素を含有する物質から構成されることを特徴とするものである。
以下、本発明の被覆活物質について、構成ごとに説明する。
まず、本発明における活物質について説明する。本発明における活物質は、電池の電極で用いられる活物質である。例えば、リチウム二次電池に用いられる活物質は、Liイオンを吸蔵・放出する機能を有する。
次に、本発明における被覆層について説明する。本発明における被覆層は、上記活物質を被覆し、タングステン元素を含有する物質から構成されるものである。
本発明の被覆活物質は、通常、電池に用いられるものである。電池については、後述する「B.電池」で詳細に説明する。また、被覆活物質の製造方法については、後述する「C.被覆活物質の製造方法」で詳細に説明する。また、本発明の被覆活物質を得るために、ゾルゲル法、メカノフュージョン法、CVD法、PVD法等の一般的な方法を用いても良い。
次に、本発明の電池について説明する。本発明の電池は、正極活物質を含有する正極活物質層と、負極活物質を含有する負極活物質層と、上記正極活物質層および上記負極活物質層の間に形成された電解質層とを有する電池であって、上記正極活物質および上記負極活物質の少なくとも一方が、上述した被覆活物質であることを特徴とするものである。
以下、本発明の電池について、構成ごとに説明する。
まず、本発明における正極活物質層について説明する。本発明における正極活物質層は、少なくとも正極活物質を含有する層であり、必要に応じて、固体電解質材料、導電化材および結着材の少なくとも一つをさらに含有していても良い。
次に、本発明における負極活物質層について説明する。本発明における負極活物質層は、少なくとも負極活物質を含有する層であり、必要に応じて、固体電解質材料、導電化材および結着材の少なくとも一つをさらに含有していても良い。
次に、本発明における電解質層について説明する。本発明における電解質層は、上記正極活物質層および上記負極活物質層の間に形成される層である。電解質層に含まれる電解質を介して、正極活物質と負極活物質との間のイオン伝導を行う。電解質層の形態は、特に限定されるものではなく、固体電解質層、液体電解質層、ゲル電解質層等を挙げることができる。
本発明の電池は、上述した正極活物質層、負極活物質層および電解質層を少なくとも有するものである。さらに通常は、正極活物質層の集電を行う正極集電体、および負極活物質層の集電を行う負極集電体を有する。正極集電体の材料としては、例えばSUS、アルミニウム、ニッケル、鉄、チタンおよびカーボン等を挙げることができる。一方、負極集電体の材料としては、例えばSUS、銅、ニッケルおよびカーボン等を挙げることができる。また、正極集電体および負極集電体の厚さや形状等については、電池の用途等に応じて適宜選択することが好ましい。また、本発明に用いられる電池ケースには、一般的な電池ケースを用いることができ、例えば、SUS製電池ケース等を挙げることができる。
本発明の電池の種類としては、リチウム電池、ナトリウム電池、マグネシウム電池およびカルシウム電池等を挙げることができ、中でも、リチウム電池が好ましい。また、本発明の電池は、一次電池であっても良く、二次電池であっても良いが、中でも、二次電池であることが好ましい。繰り返し充放電でき、例えば、車載用電池として有用だからである。本発明の電池の形状としては、例えば、コイン型、ラミネート型、円筒型および角型等を挙げることができる。また、本発明の電池の製造方法は、上述した電池を得ることができる方法であれば特に限定されるものではなく、一般的な電池の製造方法と同様の方法を用いることができる。
次に、本発明の被覆活物質の製造方法について説明する。本発明の被覆活物質の製造方法は、電池に用いられる被覆活物質の製造方法であって、活物質に対して、タングステン元素を含有する物質が溶解した水溶液を塗工し、乾燥することにより、上記活物質を被覆する被覆層を形成する被覆工程を有することを特徴とするものである。
以下、本発明の被覆活物質の製造方法について、工程ごとに説明する。
本発明における被覆工程は、活物質に対して、タングステン元素を含有する物質が溶解した水溶液を塗工し、乾燥することにより、上記活物質を被覆する被覆層を形成する工程である。活物質、および、タングステン元素を含有する物質については、上記「A.被覆活物質」に記載した内容と同様であるので、ここでの記載は省略する。
本発明においては、上記被覆工程前、または、上記被覆工程と同時に、上記活物質の表面に親水化処理を行う親水化処理工程を有することが好ましい。親水化処理により、活物質表面の表面張力が下がり、上記水溶液が活物質表面に付着・広がりやすくなるからである。その結果、被覆層と活物質との付着強度が上がるという利点、被覆層と活物質との接触面積が広がるという利点がある。
タングステン酸リチウム(Li2WO4、Alfa Aesar社製)の0.25mol/L水溶液を作製した。この際、水熱条件環境(密閉容器で200℃に加熱)とし、タングステン酸リチウムの溶解速度を向上させた。次に、活物質としてLiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2を用意し、転動流動コーティング装置(パウレック社製)を用いて、活物質の表面に上記水溶液を塗工した。その後、60℃減圧条件下で活物質を乾燥し、被覆活物質を得た。
タングステン酸リチウム(Li2WO4、Alfa Aesar社製)の0.075mol/L水溶液を作製した。この際、常圧下で、液温が80℃となるように加熱し、タングステン酸リチウムを溶解させた。次に、この水溶液に、活物質としてLiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2を浸漬させ、その後、水を蒸発させた。その後、300℃焼成、120℃減圧乾燥を行い、活物質表面の水分を完全に除去し、被覆活物質を得た。
(SEM観察、TEM観察)
実施例1、2で得られた被覆活物質を、走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)で観察した。その結果を図6に示す。また、実施例1で得られた被覆活物質の断面を、透過型電子顕微鏡(TEM)で観察した。その結果を図7に示す。図6、図7に示されるように、活物質の表面には被覆層が形成されていることが確認された。TEM画像の結果から、被覆層の厚さは3nm~30nm程度であった。
実施例1、2で得られた被覆活物質に対して、エネルギー分散型X線(EDX)分析を行った。その結果を図8に示す。図8に示されるように、活物質の表面には、タングステンのピークが確認された。
実施例1で得られた被覆活物質を用いて、固体電池を作製した。まず、特開2005-228570号公報に記載された方法と同様の方法で、Li7P3S11(硫化物固体電解質材料)を得た。次に、プレス機を用いて、上述した図2に示すような電池の発電要素20を作製した。正極活物質層11には、被覆活物質およびLi7P3S11を7:3の重量比で混合した合材を用い、負極活物質層12には、Liを添加したIn箔を用い、固体電解質層13には、Li7P3S11を用いた。この発電要素を用いて、固体電池を得た。
タングステン酸リチウム(Li2WO4、Alfa Aesar社製)の0.25mol/L水溶液を作製した。この際、水熱条件環境(密閉容器で200℃に加熱)とし、タングステン酸リチウムの溶解速度を向上させた。次に、活物質としてLiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2を用意した。次に、活物質に対して、波長172nmの紫外線を、50mW/cm2×30秒の条件で照射し、親水化処理を行った。次に、転動流動コーティング装置(パウレック社製)を用いて、親水化処理した活物質の表面に上記水溶液を塗工した。次に、60℃減圧条件下で活物質を乾燥し、被覆活物質を得た。
転動流動コーティング装置に紫外線照射機構を組み込み、この装置を用いて紫外線照射を行ったこと以外は、実施例3と同様にして、被覆活物質を得た。
2 … 被覆層
3 … 電解質材料
10 … 被覆活物質
11 … 正極活物質層
12 … 負極活物質層
13 … 固体電解質層
20 … 電池の発電要素
Claims (8)
- 電池に用いられる被覆活物質であって、
活物質と、前記活物質を被覆する被覆層とを有し、前記被覆層が、タングステン元素を含有する物質から構成されることを特徴とする被覆活物質。 - 前記活物質が、酸化物活物質であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の被覆活物質。
- 前記タングステン元素を含有する物質が、タングステン酸リチウムであることを特徴とする請求項1または請求項2に記載の被覆活物質。
- 正極活物質を含有する正極活物質層と、負極活物質を含有する負極活物質層と、前記正極活物質層および前記負極活物質層の間に形成された電解質層とを有する電池であって、
前記正極活物質および前記負極活物質の少なくとも一方が、請求項1から請求項3までのいずれかの請求項に記載の被覆活物質であることを特徴とする電池。 - 前記被覆活物質が、硫化物固体電解質材料と接することを特徴とする請求項4に記載の電池。
- 電池に用いられる被覆活物質の製造方法であって、
活物質に対して、タングステン元素を含有する物質が溶解した水溶液を塗工し、乾燥することにより、前記活物質を被覆する被覆層を形成する被覆工程を有することを特徴とする被覆活物質の製造方法。 - 前記被覆工程前、または、前記被覆工程と同時に、前記活物質の表面に親水化処理を行う親水化処理工程を有することを特徴とする請求項6に記載の被覆活物質の製造方法。
- 前記親水化処理が、紫外線照射処理またはプラズマ処理であることを特徴とする請求項7に記載の被覆活物質の製造方法。
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| PCT/JP2011/052404 WO2012105048A1 (ja) | 2011-02-04 | 2011-02-04 | 被覆活物質、電池および被覆活物質の製造方法 |
| US13/982,040 US20130309580A1 (en) | 2011-02-04 | 2011-02-04 | Coated active material, battery, and method for producing coated active material |
| CN2011800662410A CN103339768A (zh) | 2011-02-04 | 2011-02-04 | 被覆活性物质、电池及被覆活性物质的制造方法 |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP5472492B2 (ja) | 2014-04-16 |
| US20130309580A1 (en) | 2013-11-21 |
| CN103339768A (zh) | 2013-10-02 |
| JPWO2012105048A1 (ja) | 2014-07-03 |
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