WO2012046797A1 - 癌幹細胞集団及びその作製方法 - Google Patents
癌幹細胞集団及びその作製方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2012046797A1 WO2012046797A1 PCT/JP2011/073067 JP2011073067W WO2012046797A1 WO 2012046797 A1 WO2012046797 A1 WO 2012046797A1 JP 2011073067 W JP2011073067 W JP 2011073067W WO 2012046797 A1 WO2012046797 A1 WO 2012046797A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- cancer
- cancer stem
- cells
- stem cells
- stem cell
- Prior art date
Links
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 764
- 201000011510 cancer Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 701
- 210000000130 stem cell Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 499
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 196
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 528
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 claims description 125
- 238000000338 in vitro Methods 0.000 claims description 82
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 63
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 57
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims description 52
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims description 41
- 238000010171 animal model Methods 0.000 claims description 40
- 101001063456 Homo sapiens Leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptor 5 Proteins 0.000 claims description 38
- 102100031036 Leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptor 5 Human genes 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000002771 cell marker Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 101000610551 Homo sapiens Prominin-1 Proteins 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000002246 antineoplastic agent Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 108010066687 Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule Proteins 0.000 claims description 22
- 102000018651 Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule Human genes 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 108091032973 (ribonucleotides)n+m Proteins 0.000 claims description 19
- 108020004414 DNA Proteins 0.000 claims description 19
- 101000868273 Homo sapiens CD44 antigen Proteins 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000004071 biological effect Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 claims description 16
- 102100032912 CD44 antigen Human genes 0.000 claims description 15
- 210000004748 cultured cell Anatomy 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002207 metabolite Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 102100040120 Prominin-1 Human genes 0.000 claims description 13
- 201000009030 Carcinoma Diseases 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000011579 SCID mouse model Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 206010006187 Breast cancer Diseases 0.000 claims description 8
- 208000026310 Breast neoplasm Diseases 0.000 claims description 8
- 206010061902 Pancreatic neoplasm Diseases 0.000 claims description 8
- 208000015486 malignant pancreatic neoplasm Diseases 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 201000002528 pancreatic cancer Diseases 0.000 claims description 8
- 208000008443 pancreatic carcinoma Diseases 0.000 claims description 8
- 102000004196 processed proteins & peptides Human genes 0.000 claims description 8
- 102100024210 CD166 antigen Human genes 0.000 claims description 7
- 101000980840 Homo sapiens CD166 antigen Proteins 0.000 claims description 7
- 101000935043 Homo sapiens Integrin beta-1 Proteins 0.000 claims description 7
- 101000884271 Homo sapiens Signal transducer CD24 Proteins 0.000 claims description 7
- 102100025304 Integrin beta-1 Human genes 0.000 claims description 7
- 102100038081 Signal transducer CD24 Human genes 0.000 claims description 7
- -1 Aldefluor Proteins 0.000 claims description 6
- 206010004593 Bile duct cancer Diseases 0.000 claims description 6
- 101000801254 Homo sapiens Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 16 Proteins 0.000 claims description 6
- 206010058467 Lung neoplasm malignant Diseases 0.000 claims description 6
- 206010060862 Prostate cancer Diseases 0.000 claims description 6
- 208000000236 Prostatic Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 claims description 6
- 102100033725 Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 16 Human genes 0.000 claims description 6
- 208000026900 bile duct neoplasm Diseases 0.000 claims description 6
- 208000006990 cholangiocarcinoma Diseases 0.000 claims description 6
- 201000007270 liver cancer Diseases 0.000 claims description 6
- 208000014018 liver neoplasm Diseases 0.000 claims description 6
- 201000005202 lung cancer Diseases 0.000 claims description 6
- 208000020816 lung neoplasm Diseases 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000036962 time dependent Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 206010005003 Bladder cancer Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 206010008342 Cervix carcinoma Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 206010014733 Endometrial cancer Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 206010014759 Endometrial neoplasm Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 201000001342 Fallopian tube cancer Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 208000013452 Fallopian tube neoplasm Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 208000008839 Kidney Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000011789 NOD SCID mouse Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 206010033128 Ovarian cancer Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 206010061535 Ovarian neoplasm Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 206010038389 Renal cancer Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 208000000453 Skin Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 208000024770 Thyroid neoplasm Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 208000023915 Ureteral Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 206010046392 Ureteric cancer Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 208000007097 Urinary Bladder Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 208000006105 Uterine Cervical Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 201000005188 adrenal gland cancer Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 208000024447 adrenal gland neoplasm Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 201000010881 cervical cancer Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000010429 evolutionary process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000762 glandular Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 206010073071 hepatocellular carcinoma Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 231100000844 hepatocellular carcinoma Toxicity 0.000 claims description 5
- 201000010982 kidney cancer Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 210000000441 neoplastic stem cell Anatomy 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000011580 nude mouse model Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 201000000849 skin cancer Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 201000002510 thyroid cancer Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 201000005112 urinary bladder cancer Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 206010046885 vaginal cancer Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 208000013139 vaginal neoplasm Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 102100033106 ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 5 Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 102100022595 Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2 Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 102100031650 C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 206010017993 Gastrointestinal neoplasms Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 102100031573 Hematopoietic progenitor cell antigen CD34 Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 101000922348 Homo sapiens C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 101000777663 Homo sapiens Hematopoietic progenitor cell antigen CD34 Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 101000994365 Homo sapiens Integrin alpha-6 Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 101001008874 Homo sapiens Mast/stem cell growth factor receptor Kit Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 101000581981 Homo sapiens Neural cell adhesion molecule 1 Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 101000932478 Homo sapiens Receptor-type tyrosine-protein kinase FLT3 Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 101000800116 Homo sapiens Thy-1 membrane glycoprotein Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 102100032816 Integrin alpha-6 Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 102100027754 Mast/stem cell growth factor receptor Kit Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 108010090306 Member 2 Subfamily G ATP Binding Cassette Transporter Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 108010090837 Member 5 Subfamily G ATP Binding Cassette Transporter Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 101150025362 Msi1 gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 102100027347 Neural cell adhesion molecule 1 Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 102100020718 Receptor-type tyrosine-protein kinase FLT3 Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 102100033523 Thy-1 membrane glycoprotein Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000825 pharmaceutical preparation Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940127557 pharmaceutical product Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008177 pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 201000011294 ureter cancer Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 abstract description 18
- 238000004113 cell culture Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000006143 cell culture medium Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 206010009944 Colon cancer Diseases 0.000 description 136
- 101150017554 LGR5 gene Proteins 0.000 description 84
- 208000029742 colonic neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 78
- 241000699666 Mus <mouse, genus> Species 0.000 description 60
- 208000001333 Colorectal Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 58
- 241000699670 Mus sp. Species 0.000 description 45
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 36
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 34
- 108020002663 Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Proteins 0.000 description 27
- 238000000684 flow cytometry Methods 0.000 description 22
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 21
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 21
- 238000004115 adherent culture Methods 0.000 description 19
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 18
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 18
- 108060000903 Beta-catenin Proteins 0.000 description 16
- 102000015735 Beta-catenin Human genes 0.000 description 16
- 229960004768 irinotecan Drugs 0.000 description 15
- UWKQSNNFCGGAFS-XIFFEERXSA-N irinotecan Chemical compound C1=C2C(CC)=C3CN(C(C4=C([C@@](C(=O)OC4)(O)CC)C=4)=O)C=4C3=NC2=CC=C1OC(=O)N(CC1)CCC1N1CCCCC1 UWKQSNNFCGGAFS-XIFFEERXSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 238000010186 staining Methods 0.000 description 15
- 241000237858 Gastropoda Species 0.000 description 14
- 241000283973 Oryctolagus cuniculus Species 0.000 description 14
- 241000700159 Rattus Species 0.000 description 14
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 14
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 description 14
- 238000001943 fluorescence-activated cell sorting Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000001262 western blot Methods 0.000 description 14
- YXHLJMWYDTXDHS-IRFLANFNSA-N 7-aminoactinomycin D Chemical compound C[C@H]1OC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)N(C)C(=O)CN(C)C(=O)[C@@H]2CCCN2C(=O)[C@@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H]1NC(=O)C1=C(N)C(=O)C(C)=C2OC(C(C)=C(N)C=C3C(=O)N[C@@H]4C(=O)N[C@@H](C(N5CCC[C@H]5C(=O)N(C)CC(=O)N(C)[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)O[C@@H]4C)=O)C(C)C)=C3N=C21 YXHLJMWYDTXDHS-IRFLANFNSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 108700012813 7-aminoactinomycin D Proteins 0.000 description 13
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 13
- 210000004966 intestinal stem cell Anatomy 0.000 description 13
- 230000035899 viability Effects 0.000 description 13
- 230000007705 epithelial mesenchymal transition Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000035755 proliferation Effects 0.000 description 12
- 102000000905 Cadherin Human genes 0.000 description 11
- 108050007957 Cadherin Proteins 0.000 description 11
- 230000036952 cancer formation Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 11
- 102000005369 Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Human genes 0.000 description 9
- 101150081517 LGR4 gene Proteins 0.000 description 9
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000002054 transplantation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 102000043129 MHC class I family Human genes 0.000 description 8
- 108091054437 MHC class I family Proteins 0.000 description 8
- 239000002299 complementary DNA Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229940127089 cytotoxic agent Drugs 0.000 description 8
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 8
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 8
- NOESYZHRGYRDHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N insulin Chemical compound N1C(=O)C(NC(=O)C(CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)CN)C(C)CC)CSSCC(C(NC(CO)C(=O)NC(CC(C)C)C(=O)NC(CC=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)C(=O)NC(CCC(N)=O)C(=O)NC(CC(C)C)C(=O)NC(CCC(O)=O)C(=O)NC(CC(N)=O)C(=O)NC(CC=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)C(=O)NC(CSSCC(NC(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(C)NC(=O)C(CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC=2NC=NC=2)NC(=O)C(CO)NC(=O)CNC2=O)C(=O)NCC(=O)NC(CCC(O)=O)C(=O)NC(CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)NCC(=O)NC(CC=3C=CC=CC=3)C(=O)NC(CC=3C=CC=CC=3)C(=O)NC(CC=3C=CC(O)=CC=3)C(=O)NC(C(C)O)C(=O)N3C(CCC3)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)NC(C)C(O)=O)C(=O)NC(CC(N)=O)C(O)=O)=O)NC(=O)C(C(C)CC)NC(=O)C(CO)NC(=O)C(C(C)O)NC(=O)C1CSSCC2NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(CC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(N)CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(C)C)CC1=CN=CN1 NOESYZHRGYRDHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000007798 limiting dilution analysis Methods 0.000 description 8
- 101710098940 Pro-epidermal growth factor Proteins 0.000 description 7
- 108010076089 accutase Proteins 0.000 description 7
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 7
- 241000283707 Capra Species 0.000 description 6
- NYSZJNUIVUBQMM-BQYQJAHWSA-N Cardamonin Chemical compound COC1=CC(O)=CC(O)=C1C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 NYSZJNUIVUBQMM-BQYQJAHWSA-N 0.000 description 6
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229930040373 Paraformaldehyde Natural products 0.000 description 6
- RJKFOVLPORLFTN-LEKSSAKUSA-N Progesterone Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H](C(=O)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2 RJKFOVLPORLFTN-LEKSSAKUSA-N 0.000 description 6
- NYSZJNUIVUBQMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpinetin chalcone Natural products COC1=CC(O)=CC(O)=C1C(=O)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 NYSZJNUIVUBQMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000007901 in situ hybridization Methods 0.000 description 6
- 108020004999 messenger RNA Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 229920002866 paraformaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 230000002062 proliferating effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- KIDHWZJUCRJVML-UHFFFAOYSA-N putrescine Chemical compound NCCCCN KIDHWZJUCRJVML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000004114 suspension culture Methods 0.000 description 6
- OZFAFGSSMRRTDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2,4-dichlorophenyl) benzenesulfonate Chemical compound ClC1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OZFAFGSSMRRTDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000012591 Dulbecco’s Phosphate Buffered Saline Substances 0.000 description 5
- 102100031181 Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Human genes 0.000 description 5
- 239000012981 Hank's balanced salt solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000011529 RT qPCR Methods 0.000 description 5
- 210000001744 T-lymphocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 229940041181 antineoplastic drug Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 210000002469 basement membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 description 5
- MHMNJMPURVTYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate Chemical compound O1C(=O)C2=CC(N=C=S)=CC=C2C21C1=CC=C(O)C=C1OC1=CC(O)=CC=C21 MHMNJMPURVTYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 108020004445 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 210000004185 liver Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 210000004072 lung Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 108010082117 matrigel Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000381 tumorigenic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000006144 Dulbecco’s modified Eagle's medium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 102100022057 Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1-alpha Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 101001045751 Homo sapiens Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1-alpha Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 101000958041 Homo sapiens Musculin Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 101000596772 Homo sapiens Transcription factor 7-like 1 Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 101000666382 Homo sapiens Transcription factor E2-alpha Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 102000004877 Insulin Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 108090001061 Insulin Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 239000012083 RIPA buffer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 102100038313 Transcription factor E2-alpha Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 102000004887 Transforming Growth Factor beta Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 108090001012 Transforming Growth Factor beta Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 102000013814 Wnt Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 108050003627 Wnt Proteins 0.000 description 4
- GZCGUPFRVQAUEE-SLPGGIOYSA-N aldehydo-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C=O GZCGUPFRVQAUEE-SLPGGIOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 210000003719 b-lymphocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 230000004663 cell proliferation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 4
- 102000048851 human CD44 Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 102000046949 human MSC Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 102000044752 human PROM1 Human genes 0.000 description 4
- JYGXADMDTFJGBT-VWUMJDOOSA-N hydrocortisone Chemical compound O=C1CC[C@]2(C)[C@H]3[C@@H](O)C[C@](C)([C@@](CC4)(O)C(=O)CO)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 JYGXADMDTFJGBT-VWUMJDOOSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000011532 immunohistochemical staining Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001727 in vivo Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229940125396 insulin Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002415 sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007920 subcutaneous administration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 210000004881 tumor cell Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- FWBHETKCLVMNFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4',6-Diamino-2-phenylindol Chemical compound C1=CC(C(=N)N)=CC=C1C1=CC2=CC=C(C(N)=N)C=C2N1 FWBHETKCLVMNFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002965 ELISA Methods 0.000 description 3
- 108090000379 Fibroblast growth factor 2 Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102100024785 Fibroblast growth factor 2 Human genes 0.000 description 3
- HTTJABKRGRZYRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Heparin Chemical compound OC1C(NC(=O)C)C(O)OC(COS(O)(=O)=O)C1OC1C(OS(O)(=O)=O)C(O)C(OC2C(C(OS(O)(=O)=O)C(OC3C(C(O)C(O)C(O3)C(O)=O)OS(O)(=O)=O)C(CO)O2)NS(O)(=O)=O)C(C(O)=O)O1 HTTJABKRGRZYRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000282412 Homo Species 0.000 description 3
- 101001066129 Homo sapiens Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 101000976959 Homo sapiens Transcription factor 4 Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 101000596771 Homo sapiens Transcription factor 7-like 2 Proteins 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000005700 Putrescine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 102100023489 Transcription factor 4 Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 102000004338 Transferrin Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108090000901 Transferrin Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 108060008682 Tumor Necrosis Factor Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102000000852 Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 239000003146 anticoagulant agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940127219 anticoagulant drug Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 230000034303 cell budding Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000013592 cell lysate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005754 cellular signaling Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012228 culture supernatant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229960002897 heparin Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229920000669 heparin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 102000047486 human GAPDH Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 102000047766 human LGR5 Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 230000003053 immunization Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000001165 lymph node Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000000877 morphologic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000000822 natural killer cell Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 102000039446 nucleic acids Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108020004707 nucleic acids Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 150000007523 nucleic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000013641 positive control Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229960003387 progesterone Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000000186 progesterone Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229940082569 selenite Drugs 0.000 description 3
- MCAHWIHFGHIESP-UHFFFAOYSA-L selenite(2-) Chemical compound [O-][Se]([O-])=O MCAHWIHFGHIESP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 230000011664 signaling Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012581 transferrin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005740 tumor formation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- JKMHFZQWWAIEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]ethanesulfonic acid Chemical compound OCC[NH+]1CCN(CCS([O-])(=O)=O)CC1 JKMHFZQWWAIEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012103 Alexa Fluor 488 Substances 0.000 description 2
- 206010060999 Benign neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 108091003079 Bovine Serum Albumin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 208000003174 Brain Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 102100025012 Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 101001124058 Drosophila melanogaster Vesicle-fusing ATPase 1 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 239000007995 HEPES buffer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 101000908391 Homo sapiens Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- PWKSKIMOESPYIA-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-N-acetyl-Cysteine Chemical compound CC(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(O)=O PWKSKIMOESPYIA-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZDXPYRJPNDTMRX-VKHMYHEASA-N L-glutamine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(N)=O ZDXPYRJPNDTMRX-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930182816 L-glutamine Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 241000124008 Mammalia Species 0.000 description 2
- 206010027476 Metastases Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 108010025020 Nerve Growth Factor Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 206010035226 Plasma cell myeloma Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 108010016131 Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000000427 Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 208000005718 Stomach Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229960004308 acetylcysteine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000012197 amplification kit Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000004102 animal cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000000427 antigen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 102000036639 antigens Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108091007433 antigens Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 238000003149 assay kit Methods 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008827 biological function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010609 cell counting kit-8 assay Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000006 cell growth inhibition assay Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002458 cell surface marker Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 2
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229940000406 drug candidate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000007877 drug screening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 210000002919 epithelial cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000010195 expression analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012091 fetal bovine serum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical group [H]C(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 206010017758 gastric cancer Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000010353 genetic engineering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007490 hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229960000890 hydrocortisone Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000002649 immunization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 201000001441 melanoma Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 210000004379 membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009401 metastasis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002679 microRNA Substances 0.000 description 2
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000007758 minimum essential medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004660 morphological change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 201000000050 myeloid neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229930014626 natural product Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 230000009826 neoplastic cell growth Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012758 nuclear staining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000030648 nucleus localization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001575 pathological effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007170 pathology Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003449 preventive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012264 purified product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 201000011549 stomach cancer Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000010254 subcutaneous injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007929 subcutaneous injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940124597 therapeutic agent Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004614 tumor growth Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- VEEGZPWAAPPXRB-BJMVGYQFSA-N (3e)-3-(1h-imidazol-5-ylmethylidene)-1h-indol-2-one Chemical compound O=C1NC2=CC=CC=C2\C1=C/C1=CN=CN1 VEEGZPWAAPPXRB-BJMVGYQFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NHBKXEKEPDILRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-bis(butanoylsulfanyl)propyl butanoate Chemical compound CCCC(=O)OCC(SC(=O)CCC)CSC(=O)CCC NHBKXEKEPDILRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FWMNVWWHGCHHJJ-SKKKGAJSSA-N 4-amino-1-[(2r)-6-amino-2-[[(2r)-2-[[(2r)-2-[[(2r)-2-amino-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]hexanoyl]piperidine-4-carboxylic acid Chemical compound C([C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N1CCC(N)(CC1)C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](N)CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 FWMNVWWHGCHHJJ-SKKKGAJSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UZOVYGYOLBIAJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-isocyanato-4'-methyldiphenylmethane Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1 UZOVYGYOLBIAJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QRXMUCSWCMTJGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl phosphate Chemical compound C1=C(Br)C(Cl)=C2C(OP(O)(=O)O)=CNC2=C1 QRXMUCSWCMTJGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000010507 Adenocarcinoma of Lung Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000012109 Alexa Fluor 568 Substances 0.000 description 1
- 201000003076 Angiosarcoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 1
- 101000693922 Bos taurus Albumin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101100126625 Caenorhabditis elegans itr-1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000282472 Canis lupus familiaris Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000005623 Carcinogenesis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000016362 Catenins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010067316 Catenins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000282693 Cercopithecidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000005243 Chondrosarcoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108010035532 Collagen Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000008186 Collagen Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108060005980 Collagenase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000029816 Collagenase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108020004635 Complementary DNA Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000016911 Deoxyribonucleases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010053770 Deoxyribonucleases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000006145 Eagle's minimal essential medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000006168 Ewing Sarcoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108010037362 Extracellular Matrix Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000010834 Extracellular Matrix Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 201000008808 Fibrosarcoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010051066 Gastrointestinal stromal tumour Diseases 0.000 description 1
- HVLSXIKZNLPZJJ-TXZCQADKSA-N HA peptide Chemical group C([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H]1N(CCC1)C(=O)[C@@H](N)CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 HVLSXIKZNLPZJJ-TXZCQADKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000001258 Hemangiosarcoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- OHJKXVLJWUPWQG-PNRHKHKDSA-N Heparinsodiumsalt Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](NS(O)(=O)=O)[C@@H](O)O[C@H](COS(O)(=O)=O)[C@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](OS(O)(=O)=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](C(O)=O)O1 OHJKXVLJWUPWQG-PNRHKHKDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101000898034 Homo sapiens Hepatocyte growth factor Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001076408 Homo sapiens Interleukin-6 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000851176 Homo sapiens Pro-epidermal growth factor Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000868152 Homo sapiens Son of sevenless homolog 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001050288 Homo sapiens Transcription factor Jun Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000701806 Human papillomavirus Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000004310 Ion Channels Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000862 Ion Channels Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010085895 Laminin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000018142 Leiomyosarcoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010025323 Lymphomas Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108010000684 Matrix Metalloproteinases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000002274 Matrix Metalloproteinases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108700011259 MicroRNAs Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000019695 Migraine disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000699660 Mus musculus Species 0.000 description 1
- 101001095260 Mus musculus Prolyl endopeptidase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000012580 N-2 Supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108700019961 Neoplasm Genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000048850 Neoplasm Genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108020005497 Nuclear hormone receptor Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000007399 Nuclear hormone receptor Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108700020796 Oncogene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000282579 Pan Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000018737 Parkinson disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229940124158 Protease/peptidase inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 108091030071 RNAI Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000012980 RPMI-1640 medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010039491 Sarcoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920002684 Sepharose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 208000013738 Sleep Initiation and Maintenance disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108020004688 Small Nuclear RNA Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000039471 Small Nuclear RNA Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108020004459 Small interfering RNA Proteins 0.000 description 1
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M Sodium bicarbonate-14C Chemical compound [Na+].O[14C]([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 108010090804 Streptavidin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000282887 Suidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000150 Sympathomimetic Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUGOEEXESWIERI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terfenadine Chemical compound C1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=CC=C1C(O)CCCN1CCC(C(O)(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)CC1 GUGOEEXESWIERI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010048992 Transcription Factor 4 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000009523 Transcription Factor 4 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102000040945 Transcription factor Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108091023040 Transcription factor Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100023132 Transcription factor Jun Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108020004566 Transfer RNA Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004037 angiogenesis inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940121369 angiogenesis inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000730 antalgic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001773 anti-convulsant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001430 anti-depressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003474 anti-emetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001387 anti-histamine Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940121363 anti-inflammatory agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002260 anti-inflammatory agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000924 antiasthmatic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001961 anticonvulsive agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000935 antidepressant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940005513 antidepressants Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003472 antidiabetic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940125708 antidiabetic agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003160 antidiuretic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940124538 antidiuretic agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002111 antiemetic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960003965 antiepileptics Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000739 antihistaminic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002220 antihypertensive agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940030600 antihypertensive agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002543 antimycotic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000164 antipsychotic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002221 antipyretic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940125716 antipyretic agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003443 antiviral agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006793 arrhythmia Effects 0.000 description 1
- 206010003119 arrhythmia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010003246 arthritis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011717 athymic nude mouse Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003305 autocrine Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000090 biomarker Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000601 blood cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000005907 cancer growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000504 carcinogenesis Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007910 cell fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010261 cell growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009421 cellmass formation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035572 chemosensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940044683 chemotherapy drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000004978 chinese hamster ovary cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229920001436 collagen Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229960002424 collagenase Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000001072 colon Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000012136 culture method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001086 cytosolic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000034994 death Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108010007093 dispase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000002934 diuretic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940030606 diuretics Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000857 drug effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003596 drug target Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000235 effect on cancer Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001962 electrophoresis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002532 enzyme inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940125532 enzyme inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000003743 erythrocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013613 expression plasmid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002744 extracellular matrix Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002950 fibroblast Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000007850 fluorescent dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108020001507 fusion proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000037865 fusion proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 201000011243 gastrointestinal stromal tumor Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000001035 gastrointestinal tract Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000009368 gene silencing by RNA Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007429 general method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002068 genetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004907 gland Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000009036 growth inhibition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000005787 hematologic cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002489 hematologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000024200 hematopoietic and lymphoid system neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000003494 hepatocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000009396 hybridization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000004408 hybridoma Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000003365 immunocytochemistry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010820 immunofluorescence microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003125 immunofluorescent labeling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003364 immunohistochemistry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003018 immunosuppressive agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940125721 immunosuppressive agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012678 infectious agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 206010022437 insomnia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001990 intravenous administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010253 intravenous injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009545 invasion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003780 keratinization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000032839 leukemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 206010024627 liposarcoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000005249 lung adenocarcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000005243 lung squamous cell carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000004698 lymphocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000002934 lysing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 102000006240 membrane receptors Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108020004084 membrane receptors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000037819 metastatic cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000011575 metastatic malignant neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108091070501 miRNA Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010027599 migraine Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000004877 mucosa Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000004897 n-terminal region Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- GVUGOAYIVIDWIO-UFWWTJHBSA-N nepidermin Chemical compound C([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C2=CC=CC=C2NC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C2=CC=CC=C2NC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(O)=O)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CS)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CS)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)NC(=O)[C@H](CCSC)NC(=O)[C@H](CS)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1NC=NC=1)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CS)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1NC=NC=1)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H]1N(CCC1)C(=O)[C@H](CS)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(N)=O)C(C)C)[C@@H](C)CC)C(C)C)C(C)C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 GVUGOAYIVIDWIO-UFWWTJHBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002547 new drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108091027963 non-coding RNA Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000042567 non-coding RNA Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108020004017 nuclear receptors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 201000008968 osteosarcoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002018 overexpression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 206010033675 panniculitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007911 parenteral administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010827 pathological analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000137 peptide hydrolase inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000029255 peripheral nervous system cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000000144 pharmacologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000026731 phosphorylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006366 phosphorylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035790 physiological processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000419 plant extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004393 prognosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001236 prokaryotic cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000575 proteomic method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003753 real-time PCR Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007634 remodeling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003757 reverse transcription PCR Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000009410 rhabdomyosarcoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000011076 safety test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003118 sandwich ELISA Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940125723 sedative agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000932 sedative agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002966 serum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000019491 signal transduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000020183 skimmed milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- POECFFCNUXZPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;carbonic acid;hydrogen carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC(O)=O.OC([O-])=O POECFFCNUXZPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 210000000952 spleen Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003431 steroids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000002536 stromal cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000012916 structural analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000004304 subcutaneous tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001356 surgical procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940127230 sympathomimetic drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 206010042863 synovial sarcoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- ZRKFYGHZFMAOKI-QMGMOQQFSA-N tgfbeta Chemical compound C([C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(N)=N)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCSC)C(C)C)[C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(O)=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 ZRKFYGHZFMAOKI-QMGMOQQFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000699 topical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013518 transcription Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035897 transcription Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005945 translocation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000588 tumorigenic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000010396 two-hybrid screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940124549 vasodilator Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003071 vasodilator agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003442 weekly effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000005253 yeast cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N5/00—Undifferentiated human, animal or plant cells, e.g. cell lines; Tissues; Cultivation or maintenance thereof; Culture media therefor
- C12N5/06—Animal cells or tissues; Human cells or tissues
- C12N5/0602—Vertebrate cells
- C12N5/0693—Tumour cells; Cancer cells
- C12N5/0695—Stem cells; Progenitor cells; Precursor cells
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/5005—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells
- G01N33/5008—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells for testing or evaluating the effect of chemical or biological compounds, e.g. drugs, cosmetics
- G01N33/5011—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells for testing or evaluating the effect of chemical or biological compounds, e.g. drugs, cosmetics for testing antineoplastic activity
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/5005—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells
- G01N33/5008—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells for testing or evaluating the effect of chemical or biological compounds, e.g. drugs, cosmetics
- G01N33/5044—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells for testing or evaluating the effect of chemical or biological compounds, e.g. drugs, cosmetics involving specific cell types
- G01N33/5073—Stem cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a cancer stem cell population from which cells having no cancer-forming ability are substantially removed and having a characteristic of reproducing the hierarchical structure of cancer tissue, and a method for producing the cancer stem cell population.
- the present invention also provides a method for searching a target molecule of a pharmaceutical, a method for evaluating a pharmaceutical, a method for evaluating a pharmaceutical, or a non-human animal model into which the cancer stem cell population has been transplanted, or a culture system of the cancer stem cell population under in vitro conditions.
- the present invention relates to a screening method.
- cancer stem cell model cancer stem cell model
- cancer stem cells are composed of heterogeneous populations with different differentiation, and it is proposed that only limited cells, that is, cancer stem cells, have the ability to form new cancers.
- cancer stem cells CML formed in a monoclonal cell population that does not have a hierarchical structure, and cancer-forming cells such as hematological cancers or poorly differentiated cancers of the epithelial system are sometimes called cancer stem cells, but these have self-replicating ability. Since it does not have the ability to form a hierarchical structure (multipotency), it deviates from the above-mentioned cancer stem cell model, and confusion arises regarding the definition of cancer stem cells. For example, in 2008, Quintana et al. Reported that almost all human melanoma cells had tumorigenicity in experiments using highly immunodeficient mice lacking B cells, T cells and NK cells (Non-patent Document 1). However, these cells do not have pluripotency and do not differentiate, so they should not be included in cancer stem cells, but are simply cells that should be called cancer-forming cells.
- cancer stem cells that form a hierarchical structure are separated and concentrated by flow cytometry using cancer stem cell markers such as CD133 and CD44, or cancer cells are cultured in suspension using a stem cell medium containing FGF, EGF, etc.
- cancer stem cell markers such as CD133 and CD44
- FGF FGF
- EGF EGF
- flow cytometry increases the number of intact cancer stem cells because CD133 and CD44, which are used as cancer stem cell markers, are not surface markers specific to cancer stem cells. There is a problem as a method of preparing to purity.
- Non-patent Document 2 In fact, in cancer stem cell populations collected by flow cytometry from cancers with a hierarchical structure, when evaluating the ability to form cancer by limiting dilution, the frequency of cancer stem cells is only about 1/262, and there are many cells other than cancer stem cells. It is known to include (Non-patent Document 2).
- Non-patent Document 3 a method of concentrating cancer stem cells by transplanting human cancer tissue into an immunodeficient animal and repeated passages (Non-Patent Document 4) has been reported, but cancer stem cells most enriched by this method in pancreatic cancer. The frequency was about 1/180.
- p75NTR-positive cells are isolated using a stem cell marker p75NTR from a cell line immortalized by introducing a human papillomavirus oncogene into human cervical epithelial cells, and adherently cultured in a medium containing TGF ⁇ and TNF ⁇ . It has been reported (Patent Document 1) that these cells also do not form a hierarchical structure and are cancer-forming cells that do not fall within the category of cancer stem cells.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a cancer stem cell population from which cells having no ability to form cancer are substantially removed, and having a characteristic of reproducing the hierarchical structure of cancer tissue.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a population of cancer stem cells from which cells having no cancer-forming ability are substantially removed, comprising the step of attaching and culturing a group of cells containing cancer stem cells.
- the present invention relates to a method for searching a target molecule of a drug, a method for evaluating a drug, a method for evaluating a drug, or a non-human animal model in which the cancer stem cell population is transplanted or a culture system of the cancer stem cell population under in vitro conditions. It is an object to provide a screening method.
- the present inventor has conducted intensive research.
- the present inventors established cancer cell lines in highly immunodeficient mice, and used the established cell lines to compare and analyze cancers having a hierarchical structure and cancers having no hierarchical structure.
- cancers with a hierarchical structure belonging to the cancer stem cell model have no methods for separating, concentrating, homogenizing, or mass-culturing the cancer stem cells, which hinders analysis and screening of drugs using cancer stem cells. So I tried to solve the problem.
- the present inventors have until the human cancer tissue which, functional T cells, B cells, NOD no natural killer cells / SCID / gamma c null mice (Fujii E. et al, Pathol Int 2008; 58: 559-567) (hereinafter, the mouse and NSG mouse (NOD-scid, IL-2Rg null mouse) are referred to as “NOG mouse” in this application) to establish a plurality of human cancer cell lines. . Since this strain constructs a cancer tissue having the same morphology as the original cancer tissue even if it is subcultured subcutaneously in NOG mice, it is considered that human cancer stem cells can be preserved in the cell population. Therefore, human cancer stem cells that can be passaged in NOG mice are very useful research tools.
- the present inventors repeatedly grown human cancer tissues with NOG mice, separated cancer cells, and then compared various culture methods.
- a cancer stem cell composition in which homogeneous and cancer-forming cells are substantially not mixed by an adherent culture method using a serum-free stem cell medium instead of a commonly used suspension culture method. This has succeeded in obtaining the present invention, thereby completing the present invention.
- the cancer stem cells obtained by this method were stably maintained without changing the phenotype for more than one month by performing adherent culture using a stem cell medium containing no serum.
- This cell expresses various colon cancer stem cell markers (CD133, CD44, EpCAM, CD166, CD24, CD26 and CD29) that have been reported so far, and shows cancer-forming ability with a frequency of almost 100%. Tumors with the same histopathological characteristics (hierarchical structure) as the primary tumors were reconstructed.
- the cells are also characterized by being highly proliferative under adherent culture conditions and positive for the cell surface marker Lgr5. Highly proliferative and Lgr5-positive cancer stem cells formed a tumor mass in organs such as the lung and liver when injected through the tail vein of mice, indicating that they play an important role in cancer metastasis. .
- cancer stem cells that are highly proliferative under adherent culture conditions and positive for the cell surface marker Lgr5 can be cultured in suspension or treated with an anticancer agent such as irinotecan or 5-FU. Cancer stem cells negative for Lgr5 could be isolated. This cell also showed a high ability to form cancer. Furthermore, it was shown that cancer stem cells that are low proliferative and negative for Lgr5 were isolated and cultured again under adherent culture conditions, thereby changing to cancer stem cells that were highly proliferative and positive for Lgr5. Therefore, it was shown that highly proliferative Lgr5-positive cancer stem cells and low-proliferative Lgr5-negative cancer stem cells can be converted into each other and have a self-alternating function.
- an anticancer agent such as irinotecan or 5-FU.
- the present invention provides the following [1] to [33].
- [1] A cancer stem cell population from which cells having no ability to form cancer are substantially removed, and having a characteristic of reproducing the hierarchical structure of cancer tissue.
- [2] The cancer stem cell population according to [1], wherein the cancer stem cells are derived from human tumor tissue.
- [3] The cancer stem cell population according to [2], wherein the human tumor tissue is a tumor tissue derived from epithelial cancer.
- the epithelial cancer is pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, breast cancer, skin cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, lung cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer, fallopian tube cancer, vaginal cancer, liver cancer.
- the non-human animal according to any one of [1] to [9], wherein the non-human animal is any one of a nude mouse, a SCID mouse, a NOD-SCID mouse, a NOG mouse, or a nude rat. Cancer stem cell population.
- the cell group containing cancer stem cells is a cell group that reproduces a hierarchical structure of a cancer tissue.
- a cell group containing cancer stem cells is grown by spheroid culture.
- the human tumor tissue is a tumor tissue derived from epithelial cancer.
- the epithelial cancer is pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, breast cancer, skin cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, lung cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer, fallopian tube cancer, vaginal cancer, liver cancer.
- a hierarchy formed from cancer stem cells in a non-human animal model transplanted with the cancer stem cell population according to any one of [1] to [10] or a culture system of the cancer stem cell population under in vitro conditions A method for searching for a target molecule of a pharmaceutical, characterized in that evaluation is performed using a structure, a cancer progression process starting from a cancer stem cell, or a biological characteristic of the cancer stem cell as an index.
- the method for searching a target molecule of a pharmaceutical according to [21], comprising the steps described in the following (1) to (4): (1) A step of producing a non-human animal model by transplanting the cancer stem cell population according to any one of [1] to [10] to a non-human animal, (2) a step of collecting a tissue structure characteristically recognized in the cancer progression process of the cancer stem cell population, or a tissue piece showing the biological characteristics thereof, (3) a step of examining the expression of DNA, RNA, protein, peptide or metabolite in the tissue piece collected in (2), and (4) a hierarchical structure formed from cancer stem cells in the tissue piece, cancer starting from cancer stem cells Identifying DNA, RNA, proteins, peptides or metabolites that vary depending on the evolutionary process or the biological properties of cancer stem cells.
- the method for searching a target molecule of a pharmaceutical according to [21], comprising the steps described in the following (1) to (3): (1) The cancer stem cell population according to any one of [1] to [10] is cultured under in vitro conditions to reproduce the characteristic structure of the cancer progression process starting from the cancer stem cells or the biological characteristics of the cancer stem cells Process, (2) a step of examining the expression of DNA, RNA, protein, peptide or metabolite in cultured cells reproducing the characteristic structure; and (3) a hierarchical structure formed from cancer stem cells in the cultured cells, cancer starting from cancer stem cells Identifying DNA, RNA, proteins, peptides and metabolites that vary depending on the evolutionary process or the biological properties of cancer stem cells.
- a hierarchy formed from cancer stem cells in a non-human animal model transplanted with the cancer stem cell population according to any one of [1] to [10] or a culture system of the cancer stem cell population under in vitro conditions A method for evaluating a pharmaceutical, characterized in that evaluation is performed using a structure, a cancer progression process starting from a cancer stem cell, or a biological characteristic of the cancer stem cell as an index.
- the method for evaluating a pharmaceutical according to [26], comprising the steps described in the following (1) to (5); (1) A step of producing a non-human animal model by transplanting the cancer stem cell population according to any one of [1] to [10] to a non-human animal, (2) A step of administering a test substance to the non-human animal model of (1), (3) collecting a tissue piece characteristically recognized in a cancer progression process starting from cancer stem cells, or a tissue piece showing its biological characteristics; (4) Observing time-dependent changes of cancer stem cells in a tissue piece, cancer progression process, or biological characteristics thereof, and (5) Hierarchical structure formation formed from cancer stem cells inhibited by a test substance, cancer stem cells Identifying the cancer progression process starting from or the biological properties of cancer stem cells.
- a hierarchy formed from cancer stem cells in a non-human animal model transplanted with the cancer stem cell population according to any one of [1] to [10] or a culture system of the cancer stem cell population under in vitro conditions A method for screening a pharmaceutical, characterized in that an evaluation is performed using a structure, a cancer progression process starting from a cancer stem cell, or a biological characteristic of the cancer stem cell as an index.
- the method for screening a pharmaceutical according to [29], comprising the steps described in the following (1) to (5); (1) A step of producing a non-human animal model by transplanting the cancer stem cell population according to any one of [1] to [10] to a non-human animal, (2) A step of administering a test substance to the non-human animal model of (1), (3) collecting a tissue piece characteristically recognized in a cancer progression process starting from cancer stem cells, or a tissue piece showing its biological characteristics; (4) Observing time-dependent changes of cancer stem cells in a tissue piece, cancer progression process, or biological characteristics thereof, and (5) Formation of a hierarchical structure formed from specific cancer stem cells, cancer progression starting from cancer stem cells Identifying a test substance that inhibits a process, or a biological property of a cancer stem cell.
- the method for screening a pharmaceutical according to [29], comprising the steps described in the following (1) to (4): (1) The cancer stem cell population according to any one of [1] to [10] is cultured under in vitro conditions to reproduce the characteristic structure of the cancer progression process starting from the cancer stem cells or the biological characteristics of the cancer stem cells Process, (2) treating the cultured cells of (1) with a test substance; (3) Hierarchical structure change formed from cancer stem cells, cancer progression process starting from cancer stem cells, or observing biological characteristics of cancer stem cells, and (4) Hierarchical structure formation formed from specific cancer stem cells Identifying a test substance that inhibits a cancer progression process starting from cancer stem cells, or a biological property of cancer stem cells.
- Cancer stem cell marker positive cells were observed in the cancer cell mass formed from the colon cancer strain PLR123, the colon cancer strain PLR59, and the colon cancer strain PLR325.
- the moderately differentiated colorectal cancer strain PLR123 and colorectal cancer strain PLR59 marker positive cells and marker negative cells were mixed and were heterogeneous cell populations.
- the poorly differentiated colorectal cancer strain PLR325 was a cell population showing a homogeneous characteristic that all cells were positive in EpCAM, AC133, and Aldefluor, and all cells were negative in CD44. It is a figure which shows the result of the flow cytometry analysis about the cell which performed mouse cell removal using EPICS EPALTRA.
- LGR5 protein was detected in the moderately differentiated colorectal cancer strain PLR123 and colorectal cancer strain PLR59, indicating that cells with a positive intestinal stem cell marker were present. On the other hand, LGR5 protein was not detected in the poorly differentiated colorectal cancer strain PLR325. It is a figure which shows the result of the flow cytometry analysis about 7-AAD (Viability) Dye negative cell using a cancer stem cell marker using EPICS (ALTRA).
- the commercially available colorectal cancer strain HCT116 was a cell population showing a homogeneous characteristic that most cells were positive for stem cell markers. It is a photograph which shows the tissue specimen which carried out HE dyeing
- Cancer stem cell marker-negative cells were found in cancer cell masses formed from medium-differentiated colon cancer strain PLR123 and colon cancer strain PLR59, which were cultured in 10 cells in vitro, and differentiated from cancer stem cells without cancer-forming ability It was shown that the cells were produced. It is a photograph which shows the tissue specimen which carried out HE dyeing
- 2T15E-2 which is an anti-human Lgr5 monoclonal antibody (mAb) in DG44 cell which transfected Lgr4, Lgr5, or Lgr6 * cDNA.
- Untransfected parental cells and transfectants were incubated with monoclonal 2T15E-2 antibody and analyzed by FACS.
- the 2T15E-2 antibody reacted with cells containing Lgr5 cDNA, but not with parental cells and cells containing Lgr4 or Lgr6gr cDNA. Expression of Lgr4, Lgr5, and Lgr6 in transfectants was confirmed by Western blot analysis.
- the scale bar indicates 100 ⁇ m. It is a figure which shows the result of the flow cytometry analysis of the cancer stem cell marker reported by culture
- Adherent cancer stem cells derived from PLR59 and PLR123 xenografts were cultured for 1 month, then analyzed by flow cytometry (FIG. 22) and injected into NOG mice.
- the number of adherent cancer stem cells shown in the figure was injected subcutaneously into the flank of NOG mice, and the tumorigenic activity in NOG mice was examined. It is a figure which shows the result of having determined tumor formation 47 days after inoculation. Even subcutaneous injection of 10 adherent cancer stem cells produced tumors at all injection sites, but the histopathological morphology of the tumor was highly similar to the original tumor.
- the number of viable cells after 3 days culture with FH535 (grey column) and cardamonin (black column) is shown as a percentage of the number of DMSO only (white column). Results are the average of 3 experiments. The bar at the top of each column indicates the standard deviation. It is a figure which shows the growth inhibition of the Lgr5-positive adhesion cancer stem cell by FH535 (50 micrometer) and cardamonin (50 micrometer) in a PLR59 cell. The number of viable cells after 3 days of culture with FH535 (grey column) and cardamomon (black column) is shown as a percentage of the day 0 number (white column).
- the upper part shows no chemotherapeutic agent (control), the middle shows 5-FU-treated cells, and the lower shows irinotecan-treated cells.
- Gray indicates fluorescence intensity or ALDH activity after staining cells with the described antibodies, and white indicates fluorescence intensity or ALDH activity with ALDH inhibitors after staining cells with a control isotype antibody.
- It is a photograph which shows the alternating change of the phenotype of a colon cancer stem cell by culture conditions and a chemotherapeutic agent treatment.
- the sensitivity of Lgr5-positive cancer stem cells to 5-FU and irinotecan was examined. Both 5-FU and irinotecan significantly inhibited the growth of Lgr5-positive cancer stem cells.
- Lgr5-positive adherent colon cancer stem cells were cultured on an ultra-low adhesion plate, some cells stopped growing and formed spheroid-like structures.
- the scale bar indicates 10 ⁇ m. It is a photograph showing Western blot analysis results of E-cadherin and Snail in Lgr5-negative floating cancer stem cells and Lgr5-positive adherent cancer stem cells in PLR123 cells. Suspended cancer stem cells expressed high levels of E-cadherin, while adherent cancer stem cells expressed high levels of Snail. GADPH was used as a loading control.
- the present invention relates to a cancer stem cell population that can be used effectively in the development of pharmaceuticals for the treatment or prevention of human cancer diseases. Specifically, the present invention relates to a cancer stem cell population from which cells having no ability to form cancer have been substantially removed and having a characteristic of reproducing the hierarchical structure of cancer tissue.
- the origin of the cancer stem cell population of the present invention is not particularly limited, but is preferably derived from a human tumor tissue.
- cancer means or refers to a physiological state of a mammal that is typically characterized by uncontrolled cell growth.
- the type of cancer is not particularly limited, and includes the following: carcinoma (epithelial cancer) includes pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, breast cancer, skin cancer, cancer of the digestive tract, lung cancer , Hepatocellular carcinoma, cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer, fallopian tube cancer, vaginal cancer, liver cancer, bile duct cancer, bladder cancer, ureteral cancer, thyroid cancer, adrenal cancer, kidney cancer, or other gland Tissue cancer.
- Sarcomas include liposarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, synovial sarcoma, angiosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, malignant peripheral nerve tumor, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, tendonoma, Ewing sarcoma, Osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, leukemia, lymphoma, myeloma, and other parenchymal tumors such as melanoma or brain tumor (Kumar V, Abbas AK, Fausio N. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease. 7th Ed.
- the cancer stem cell population of the present invention may be derived from the above-mentioned tumor tissue derived from epithelial cancer.
- the cancer stem cell refers to a cell having the ability described in i) and / or ii) below.
- Self-replicating ability refers to the ability of one or both of two daughter cells that have divided to produce cells that retain the same ability and degree of differentiation as the parent cell in the cell lineage.
- a plurality of types of cancer cells differentiated from cancer stem cells form a hierarchical structure having the cancer stem cells as apexes in the cell lineage, similar to normal stem cells. Cancer cell masses having various characteristics are formed by producing various types of cancer cells in stages from cancer stem cells.
- Cancer stem cells are cancer cells that have the ability to form cancer and have pluripotency and self-renewal ability as normal stem cells. Further, at least one selected from cancer stem cell markers CD24, CD29, CD34, CD44, CD49f, CD56, CD90, CD117, CD133, CD135, CD166, CD184, CD271, CD326, Aldefluor, ABCG2, ABCG5, LGR5, and Msi1 The above markers may be positive, but are not necessarily positive.
- At least one marker selected from CD326, CD133, CD44, ALDH is positive, more preferably at least two markers selected from CD326, CD133, CD44, ALDH are positive More preferably, at least three or more markers selected from CD326, CD133, CD44, and ALDH are positive, and most preferably, CD326, CD133, CD44, and ALDH are all positive.
- cancer stem cells can be one of the properties of cancer stem cells.
- Normal cells and tumor cells exist in various differentiation states in vitro and in vivo. These differentiation states are regulated, at least in part, through the integration of complex signals arising from the tissue microenvironment to which the cells belong.
- Cells eg, cancer cells
- EMT epithelial-mesenchymal transition
- Cells induced into EMT express similar phenotypic traits and protein markers (eg, biomarkers) regardless of the induction method used, indicating that EMT is a major differentiation program. Show.
- the present invention relates to the expression of cell surface markers associated with cancer stem cells, proliferation in suspension culture, in vivo tumor formation in small numbers of cells, and certain standard It relates to the discovery of sharing many of the characteristics of cancer stem cells, including resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs. Therefore, the state of differentiation exhibited by cells that have undergone epithelial-mesenchymal transition, also known as mesenchymal transdifferentiation or epithelial-mesenchymal translocation, should be used to identify treatments that specifically target cancer stem cells Can do.
- a method is provided for inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition, eg, for the purpose of generating test cells.
- Cancer stem cells form a hierarchical structure with the cancer stem cells at the top. Cancer cell masses having various characteristics are formed by producing various types of cancer cells in stages from cancer stem cells.
- a cancer-forming cell is a cancer cell having no pluripotency and a cancer cell having a cancer-forming ability. Cancer formation tests can evaluate cancer forming ability and self-replicating ability, and pathological analysis and analysis using differentiation markers can evaluate pluripotency. In order to prove that they are cancer stem cells, not only the ability to form cancer but also the ability to self-replicate and pluripotency must be evaluated.
- Cancer cell mass is a mass formed by cells adhering to each other as well as human tumor tissue, and cells other than cancer cells such as cancer cells, stromal cells and blood cells, collagen, laminin, etc. This refers to a mass that is constructed from the extracellular matrix of
- Hierarchical structure means that a part of characteristic unique structure found in normal tissue is detected histopathologically in the tumor structure originating from the tissue. For example, in the case of tumors of glandular organs (stomach cancer, colon cancer, pancreatic cancer, liver cancer, bile duct cancer, breast cancer, lung adenocarcinoma, prostate cancer, etc.) In the case of a tumor with a squamous epithelial structure (squamous cell carcinoma of the lung, skin, vaginal mucosa, etc.), the formation of a stratified epithelial structure and a keratinization tendency are observed.
- glandular organs stomach cancer, colon cancer, pancreatic cancer, liver cancer, bile duct cancer, breast cancer, lung adenocarcinoma, prostate cancer, etc.
- a squamous epithelial structure squamous cell carcinoma of the lung, skin, vaginal mucosa, etc.
- “Reproducing the hierarchical structure” means that the characteristic unique structure possessed by the cancer tissue of the transplanting cancer patient is observed in the same manner when transplanted into a non-human animal.
- “Having cancer-forming ability” means that a cell or a cell population transplanted into a non-human animal forms a cancer cell mass, preferably a cancer cell mass having a hierarchical structure.
- No cancer-forming ability means that a cell or a cell population transplanted into a non-human animal cannot form a cancer cell mass.
- cells having no cancer-forming ability can be confirmed by transplanting the limiting dilution cell population to an immunodeficient animal.
- “cells having no ability to form cancer have been substantially removed” means that the frequency of formation of a cancer cell mass formed when 10 cells per spot are subcutaneously transplanted into an immunodeficient animal, preferably a NOG mouse. Is 60% or more, preferably 70% or more, more preferably 80% or more, still more preferably 90% or more, and most preferably 100%. Also, Hu Y & Smyth GK., J Immunol Methods. 2009 Aug 15; 347 (1-2): 70-8 and Ishizawa K & Rasheed ZA. Et al., Cell Stem Cell.
- the ⁇ homogeneous population of cancer stem cells '' from which cells having no cancer-forming ability have been substantially removed means that the frequency of cancer stem cells by the analysis method is 1/20 or more, preferably 1/10 or more, more It is preferably 1/5 or more, more preferably 1/3 or more, further preferably 1/2 or more, and most preferably 1/1.
- ELDA Extreme Limiting Dilution Analysis
- LDA limiting dilution analysis
- ELDA is a limiting dilution analysis software that provides meaningful confidence intervals for all LDA datasets, including 0% or 100% response, testing the validity of the single hit hypothesis, between multiple datasets Includes tests for significant frequency differences.
- the analysis method based on ELDA proposed by Hu et al. J Immunol Methods. (2009) 347 (1-2), 70-78) applies the method described in the above non-patent literature, http: / One skilled in the art can do this by using an online analysis tool provided at /bioinf.wehi.edu.au/software/elda/.
- a desired number of cancer stem cells can be obtained by increasing the number of flasks for adhesion culture. For example, when using a T150 flask, it is usually possible to obtain 4 x 10 7 or more cells by culturing to confluence, and 2 x 10 8 or more cells can be prepared by culturing with 5 flasks. can do. Therefore, in the present invention, a desired number of cells can be prepared.
- the cancer stem cell population of the present invention cells having no ability to form cancer are preferably substantially removed, and the population may contain 1 ⁇ 10 4 or more cancer stem cells, more preferably 1 ⁇ 10 5. It may contain 1 or more, more preferably 1 ⁇ 10 6 or more, more preferably 1 ⁇ 10 7 or more, further preferably 1 ⁇ 10 8 or more, and most preferably 1 ⁇ 10 9 or more.
- a method for producing a cell population of the present invention is provided.
- the cell population of the present invention can be prepared, for example, by attaching and culturing a cell group containing cancer stem cells.
- cancer virus genes such as SV40 or cancer genes such as Ras, cells established from cancer tissues, and the like can be used.
- the cell group containing cancer stem cells it is preferable to use a cell group that reproduces the hierarchical structure of the cancer tissue.
- a collected cancer tissue can be used, and preferably, a non-human animal is transplanted and passaged.
- An established cancer cell line more preferably an established cancer cell line produced by transplanting cancer into an immunodeficient animal, and most preferably NOG produced by transplanting cancer tissue into a NOG mouse and subculture Established cancer cell lines can be used.
- the cell group containing cancer stem cells may be spheroids formed by spheroid culture, or cancer stem cell markers CD24, CD29, CD34, CD44, CD49f, CD56, CD90, CD117, CD133, CD135, CD166, CD184 , CD271, CD326, Aldefluor, ABCG2, ABCG5, LGR5, and Msi1 may be a cell group containing cells that are positive for at least one marker.
- the origin of the cell group is not particularly limited, and those derived from mammals such as humans, monkeys, chimpanzees, dogs, cows, pigs, rabbits, rats, and mice can be used, but those derived from humans are preferred.
- NOG-established cancer cell lines can be prepared by methods known to those skilled in the art, such as the method described in Fujii E. et al., Pathol int. 2008; 58: 559-567, etc. It can be established by physically mining human colorectal cancer, stomach cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, etc. removed by surgery with scissors, and transplanting and subcultured in NOG mice. In the NOG established cancer cell line, the characteristics of the original human cancer tissue are maintained even after passage.
- the medium to be used is not particularly limited as long as it is an adherent culture, but it is preferable to use a serum-free stem cell medium.
- Adherent culture refers to culturing and passing cells in an attached state after seeding the cells in an adherent culture flask, plate, or dish, and culturing without floating cells. Cells grown to confluence are detached using Accutase, subcultured to a new adherent culture flask, plate, or dish and continued to culture.
- the culture medium usable in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it can be used for culturing cancer stem cells.
- the concentration of EGF is not particularly limited, but is 0.1 to 100 ng / mL, preferably 0.5 to 50 ng / mL, more preferably 1 to 20 ng / mL.
- the concentration of bFGF is not particularly limited, but is 0.1 to 100 ng / mL, preferably 0.5 to 50 ng / mL, more preferably 1 to 20 ng / mL.
- the concentration of hLIF is not particularly limited, but is 0.1 to 100 ng / mL, preferably 0.5 to 50 ng / mL, more preferably 1 to 20 ng / mL.
- the concentration of HGF is not particularly limited, but is 0.1 to 100 ng / mL, preferably 1 to 50 ng / mL.
- the concentration of NGF is not particularly limited, but is 0.1 to 100 ng / mL, preferably 1 to 50 ng / mL.
- the concentration of NSF-1 is not particularly limited, but is 0.1 to 100 ng / mL, preferably 1 to 50 ng / mL.
- the concentration of TGF ⁇ is not particularly limited, but is 0.1 to 100 ng / mL, preferably 1 to 50 ng / mL.
- the concentration of TNF ⁇ is not particularly limited, but is 0.1 to 100 ng / mL, preferably 1 to 50 ng / mL.
- the concentration of Heparin is not particularly limited, but is 10 ng / mL to 10 ⁇ g / mL, preferably 2 to 5 ⁇ g / mL.
- the concentration of BSA is not particularly limited, but is 0.1 to 10 mg / mL, preferably 1 to 8 mg / mL.
- the concentration of insulin is not particularly limited, but is 1 to 100 ⁇ g / mL, preferably 10 to 50 ⁇ g / mL.
- the concentration of Transferrin is not particularly limited, but is 10 to 500 ⁇ g / mL, preferably 50 to 200 ⁇ g / mL.
- the concentration of Putrescine is not particularly limited, but is 1 to 50 ⁇ g / mL, preferably 10 to 20 ⁇ g / mL.
- the concentration of Selenite is not particularly limited, but is 1 to 50 nM, preferably 20 to 40 nM.
- the concentration of Progesterone is not particularly limited, but is 1 to 50 nM, preferably 10 to 30 nM.
- the concentration of Hydrocortisone is not particularly limited, but is 10 ng / mL to 10 ⁇ g / mL, preferably 100 ng / mL to 1 ⁇ g / mL.
- the concentration of D-(+)-Glucose is not particularly limited, but is 1 to 20 mg / mL, preferably 5 to 10 mg / mL.
- the concentration of sodium carbonate bicarbonate is not particularly limited, but is 0.1-5 mg / mL, preferably 0.5-2 mg / mL.
- the concentration of HEPES is not particularly limited, but is 0.1 to 50 mM, preferably 1 to 20 mM.
- the concentration of L-Glutamine is not particularly limited, but is 0.1 to 10 mM, preferably 1 to 5 mM.
- the concentration of N-acetylcysteine is not particularly limited, but is 1 to 200 ⁇ g / mL, preferably 10 to 100 ⁇ g / mL.
- the known basal culture solution is not particularly limited as long as it is suitable for culturing cancer cells that are the basis of cancer stem cells.
- DMEM / F12 DMEM, F10, F12, IMDM, EMEM, RPMI-1640, MEM, BME, Mocoy's 5A, MCDB131 and the like.
- DMEM / F12 is preferable.
- the most preferred stem cell medium is D-MEM / F12 medium with a final concentration of 20 ng / mL EGF, 10 ng / mL bFGF, 4 ⁇ g / mL Heparin, 4 mg / mL BSA, 25 ⁇ g / mL insulin, 100 ⁇ g / mL Transferrin, 16 ⁇ g / mL Putrescine, 30 nM Selenite, 20 nM Progesterone, and 2.9 mg / mL D-(+)-Glucose.
- Propagating a cell group means, for example, growing by spheroid culture or transplanting to a non-human animal and subculture, but is not particularly limited thereto.
- Spheroid culture refers to culturing cells in a floating state after seeding the cells in a non-adherent culture flask, plate, or dish using a medium capable of culturing the above stem cells.
- the formed cell mass is called spheroid.
- an immunodeficient animal can be used because rejection is unlikely to occur.
- Immunodeficient animals include non-human animals deficient in functional T cells, such as nude mice and rats, non-human animals deficient in functional T cells and B cells, such as SCID mice and NOD -SCID mice are preferred, especially mice lacking T cells, B cells, and NK cells with excellent transplantability (eg, SCID mice, RAG2KO or RAG1KO mice and IL-2Rg null mice) Highly immunodeficient mice in combination with: NOD / SCID / gammac null mice, NOD-scid, IL-2Rg null mice and BALB / c-Rag2 null , IL-2Rg null mice etc.) More preferred.
- mice for example, in the case of athymic nude mice, SCID mice, NOD / SCID mice, and NOG mice, it is preferable to use a non-human animal that is 4 to 100 weeks old.
- NOG mice can be prepared by the method described in WO 2002/043477, for example, and can also be obtained from Laboratory Animal Central Laboratory or The Jackson Laboratory (NSG mouse).
- the cells to be transplanted can be cell masses, tissue pieces, individually dispersed cells, cells that have been cultured after isolation, cells that have been isolated from the animal after being transplanted to another animal, etc. A dispersed cell is preferable.
- the number of cells to be transplanted may be 10 6 or less, but a larger number of cells may be transplanted.
- Subcutaneous transplantation is a suitable transplantation site from the viewpoint that the transplantation procedure is simple, but the transplantation site is not particularly limited, and it is preferable to appropriately select the transplantation site depending on the animal to be used.
- the transplantation operation of the NOG-established cancer cell line is not particularly limited, and can be performed according to a conventional transplantation operation.
- the cell population of this method can be prepared, for example, by attaching and culturing cancer tissue collected from a patient using a serum-free stem cell medium. Moreover, in order to proliferate a cell group additionally, it is not ask
- a method for producing a NOG-established cancer cell line prepared by transplanting and subcultured a cancer tissue collected from a patient into a NOG mouse, using a serum-free stem cell medium efficiently produces a large amount of the cells of the present invention. Most preferred is that a population can be obtained.
- the cell population of the present invention can be used in a method for searching a target molecule for a drug and a method for evaluating a drug.
- drug evaluation methods include drug screening methods and anticancer drug screening.
- Target molecule search methods include identification of genes such as DNA and RNA that are highly expressed in cancer stem cells using Gene-chip analysis (eg, cancer stem cell markers), proteins and peptides that are highly expressed in cancer stem cells using proteomics Alternatively, a metabolite identification method and the like can be mentioned, but the method is not limited thereto.
- Examples of the screening method for target molecule search include a method of screening a substance that suppresses the growth of cancer stem cells by cell growth inhibition assay from a low molecular library, an antibody library, a microRNA library, or an RNAi library. After obtaining the inhibitory substance, the target can be revealed.
- the binding antibody can be screened by ELISA, or an antibody that suppresses proliferation can be screened by cell growth inhibition assay. After obtaining the bound antibody and functional antibody, the antigen can be identified to reveal the target molecule.
- cancer stem cell population of the present invention the effect on cancer stem cells can be evaluated using existing drugs or drugs under development, and new drug effects can be found.
- the following can be achieved by uniform concentration of cancer stem cells.
- Nucleic acids (DNA, RNA), proteins, etc. that are specifically expressed in cancer stem cells are identified at a high rate, and the functions of these molecules are elucidated.
- Nucleic acids (DNA, RNA), proteins, etc. that are specifically expressed in cancer stem cells are identified at a high rate, and drug candidates that inhibit this are searched and screened.
- the present invention relates to a hierarchical structure formed from cancer stem cells in a non-human animal model transplanted with the cancer stem cell population of the present invention or in a culture system of the cancer stem cell population of the present invention under in vitro conditions.
- the present invention also relates to a method for searching a target molecule of a pharmaceutical, characterized in that evaluation is performed using a cancer progression process starting from cancer stem cells or a biological characteristic of cancer stem cells as an index.
- a target molecule search for a drug can be performed by the steps described in (1) to (4) below.
- drug target molecule search can be performed by the steps described in the following (1) to (3). It can. (1) A step of culturing a cancer stem cell population under in vitro conditions to reproduce a characteristic structure of a cancer progression process starting from cancer stem cells or a biological characteristic of cancer stem cells, (2) a step of examining the expression of DNA, RNA, and protein, peptide or metabolite in cultured cells reproducing the characteristic structure, and (3) a hierarchical structure formed from cancer stem cells in the cultured cells, from cancer hepatocytes Identifying DNA, RNA, proteins, peptides, and metabolites that start dependent on cancer progression processes or the biological properties of cancer stem cells.
- the structure of a tissue or cell line that is characteristically observed in the cancer progression process is prepared by preparing a sliced tissue specimen by a known specimen preparation method such as the AMeX method, followed by HE staining and immunohistochemical staining ( IHC) can be performed.
- a known specimen preparation method such as the AMeX method
- IHC immunohistochemical staining
- the test tissue when the above-mentioned hierarchical structure specific to human tumor tissue, cancer progression process, or biological characteristics thereof are confirmed, the test tissue is regarded as a cancer-related tissue, and DNA, RNA, protein Confirm the expression of peptides and metabolites.
- the expression confirmation of DNA, RNA, protein, peptide and metabolite is not particularly limited, and can be performed according to a conventional expression confirmation method.
- RNA examples include micro RNA, siRNA, tRNA, snRNA, mRNA, and non-coding RNA.
- the transcription level of each gene can be measured by extracting mRNA of each gene according to a standard method and performing Northern hybridization or RT-PCR using this mRNA as a template.
- the translation level of a gene can also be measured by collect
- it is also possible to measure the translation level of a gene by carrying out Western blotting using an antibody against each protein and detecting the expression of each protein. By these methods, it is possible to search for target molecules of anticancer agents.
- CD133, CD44, EpCAM, CD166, CD24, CD29 which are molecules specifically expressed in the cancer stem cells of the present invention as mentioned in the Examples, are mentioned.
- LGR5 and the like are preferable.
- the pharmaceutical product is not particularly limited, but an anti-inflammatory agent, an immunosuppressive agent, an antiviral agent, an angiogenesis inhibitor, a steroid agent, an enzyme inhibitor, an antibiotic, an antihistamine, an anticoagulant, an anticoagulant, Infectious agent, analgesic agent, antidiabetic agent, arthritis agent, anti-asthma agent, anti-insomnia agent, antiemetic, migraine agent, anticonvulsant, antidepressant, antipsychotic agent, antipyretic agent, Parkinson's disease agent, Alzheimer Examples include therapeutic agents, sympathomimetic agents, arrhythmia therapeutic agents, antihypertensive agents, diuretics, antidiuretic agents, anticoagulants, vasodilators, sedatives, and the like, but anticancer agents are preferred.
- the said pharmaceutical is not specifically limited, A protein drug, a nucleic acid drug, a low molecular drug, a cellular drug etc. are mentioned.
- the target molecule is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include membrane receptors, enzymes, ion channels, transcription factors, nuclear receptors, and the like, and cancer cell markers are preferable.
- the present invention starts from a cancer stem cell, a hierarchical structure formed from cancer stem cells in a non-human animal model transplanted with the cancer stem cell population of the present invention or a culture system under in vitro conditions of a cancer stem cell population.
- the present invention relates to a method for evaluating a pharmaceutical, characterized in that evaluation is performed using a cancer progression process or a biological characteristic of cancer stem cells as an index.
- a non-human animal model transplanted with the cancer stem cell population of the present invention when used, pharmaceuticals can be evaluated by the steps described in the following (1) to (5).
- the pharmaceutical when a culture system of cancer stem cell population under in vitro conditions is used, the pharmaceutical can be evaluated by the steps described in the following (1) to (3).
- (1) A step of culturing a cancer stem cell population under in vitro conditions to reproduce a characteristic structure of a cancer progression process starting from cancer stem cells or a biological characteristic of cancer stem cells, (2) treating the cultured cells of (1) with a test substance; (3) a step of observing a change in a hierarchical structure formed from cancer stem cells, a cancer progression process starting from cancer stem cells, or a biological characteristic of cancer stem cells, and (4) formed from cancer stem cells inhibited by a test substance. Identifying a hierarchical structure formation, a cancer progression process starting from cancer stem cells, or a biological characteristic of cancer stem cells.
- the present invention starts from a cancer stem cell, a hierarchical structure formed from cancer stem cells in a culture system under in vitro conditions of a non-human animal model or cancer stem cell population transplanted with the cancer stem cell population of the present invention.
- the present invention relates to a method for screening a pharmaceutical, characterized in that evaluation is performed using a cancer progression process or a biological characteristic of cancer stem cells as an index.
- a non-human animal model transplanted with the cancer stem cell population of the present invention when used, pharmaceutical screening can be performed by the steps described in the following (1) to (5).
- pharmaceutical screening can be performed by the steps described in the following (1) to (4).
- (1) A step of culturing a cancer stem cell population under in vitro conditions to reproduce the characteristic structure of each cancer progression process or the biological characteristics thereof, (2) treating the cultured cells of (1) with a test substance; (3) Observing the time course of the hierarchical structure of cancer stem cells in cultured cells, cancer progression process, or biological characteristics thereof, and (4) Formation of hierarchy structure of cancer stem cells inhibited by the test substance, cancer progression Identifying the process, or its biological properties.
- the screening of anticancer agents can be performed by the above screening method.
- test substance in the method of this invention, single compounds, such as a natural compound, an organic compound, an inorganic compound, protein, an antibody, a peptide, an amino acid, a compound library, a gene library Expression products, cell extracts, cell culture supernatants, fermented microorganism products, marine organism extracts, plant extracts, prokaryotic cell extracts, eukaryotic single cell extracts, animal cell extracts, and the like. These may be purified products or crude purified products such as extracts from plants, animals, microorganisms, and the like.
- the method for producing the test substance is not particularly limited, and it may be isolated from a natural product, synthesized chemically or biochemically, or prepared by genetic engineering. It may be.
- test sample can be appropriately labeled as necessary.
- label include a radiolabel and a fluorescent label.
- a mixture obtained by mixing a plurality of these test samples is also included.
- the method for administering the test substance to the non-human animal model is not particularly limited.
- oral administration or parenteral administration such as subcutaneous, intravenous, topical, transdermal or enteral (rectal) can be appropriately selected.
- a method for treating a cultured cell of a cancer stem cell population with a test substance is not particularly limited.
- the treatment can be performed by adding a test sample to a cell culture solution or the cell extract.
- the test sample is a protein
- a vector containing DNA encoding the protein can be introduced into a cancer stem cell population, or the vector can be added to a cell extract of the cancer stem cell population. is there.
- a two-hybrid method using yeast or animal cells can be used.
- the transplanted tissue tissue into which the cancer stem cell population has been transplanted
- the histological characteristics of the transplanted tissue are observed, or the histological characteristics of the model animal are observed. This can be done by measuring.
- the test substance is evaluated by observing the hierarchical structure formed from transplanted tissue or cancer stem cells in a culture system in a non-human animal model or a culture system of cancer stem cell populations under in vitro conditions. It can be performed by confirming whether a cell-specific hierarchical structure is formed or by confirming the influence on the cancer progression process characteristic of human cancer diseases.
- the structure observation of the tissue or cell line that is characteristically observed in the cancer progression process is performed by preparing a sliced tissue specimen by a known specimen preparation method such as the AMeX method, followed by HE staining and immunohistochemical staining (IHC) It can be done by implementing.
- the test substance is evaluated in the same manner as in the control non-human animal model or cancer stem cell population to which the test substance is not administered, by observing the hierarchical structure of the cancer stem cells in the transplanted tissue or culture system, and human cancer cells. It can be performed by confirming whether or not a unique hierarchical structure is formed, and comparing the hierarchical structure of cancer stem cells in the non-human animal model or cancer stem cell population administered with the test substance and the control animal. In this case, when the hierarchical structure peculiar to human cancer cells is not seen in the transplanted tissue or culture system to which the test substance is administered, or when the ratio is reduced, the test substances are added. It can be selected as an effective substance having a therapeutic or preventive effect on human cancer diseases.
- the evaluation of the test substance is more specifically performed by observing a cancer progression process of a transplanted tissue or a culture system in the same manner for a control non-human animal model or a cancer stem cell population to which the test substance is not administered. It can be carried out by confirming whether a specific cancer progression process is observed and comparing the cancer progression process of cancer stem cells in the non-human animal model or cancer stem cell population administered with the test substance and the control animal. In this case, when no cancer progression process specific to human cancer cells is observed in the transplanted tissue or culture system to which the test substance has been administered, compared to the control animal, those test substances are treated with human cancer diseases or It can be selected as an effective substance having a preventive effect.
- the evaluation of the test substance is more specifically performed by observing the biological characteristics of the transplanted tissue or the cancer stem cells of the culture system in the same manner for the control non-human animal model or cancer stem cell population to which the test substance is not administered. It can be carried out by confirming that the characteristic peculiar to human cancer cells is observed, and comparing the characteristic of cancer stem cells with a non-human animal model or cancer stem cell population administered with a test substance and the control animal. In this case, compared with the control animal, when the characteristic characteristic of human cancer cells is not observed in the transplanted tissue or culture system to which the test substance is administered, the test substance is treated or prevented for human cancer diseases. It can be selected as an effective substance having an effect.
- the prophylactically effective substance or therapeutically effective substance for human cancer disease selected by the screening method of the present invention described above is further subjected to other pharmacological tests or safety tests as necessary, and further to humans. By conducting a clinical test for cancer patients, it can be selected as a prophylactically effective substance or therapeutically effective substance having a higher effect and higher practicality.
- the prophylactically effective substance or therapeutically effective substance selected in this way can be produced industrially by chemical synthesis, biochemical synthesis (fermentation) or genetic manipulation based on the structural analysis result. it can. It should be noted that all prior art documents cited in the present specification are incorporated herein by reference.
- Example 1 Preparation and evaluation of cancer stem cells and cancer-forming cells using human cancer cell lines
- Colorectal cancer specimens include PharmaLogicals Research (Singapore) and Parkway Laboratory. Obtained from an approved patient with the approval of the Ethics Committee of Services (Singapore). Tumor pieces were minced with a scissors and transplanted into the flank of NOG mice.
- Human colon cancer xenografts were maintained by passage in NOG mice donated by the Laboratory Animal Central Research Institute (Japan). Mice used in this experiment were treated according to PharmaLogicals Research animal experiment guidelines.
- a colon cancer cell line established with NOG mice or SCID mice was subcutaneously transplanted into NOG mice to prepare cancer cell masses. After the cancer cell mass was excised, it was fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde at 4 ° C for 16 to 24 hours, and embedded by the AMeX method to prepare a sliced tissue specimen. Tissue specimens were HE stained.
- FIG. Colon cancer strain PLR123, colon cancer strain PLR59, and colon cancer strain PLR325 transplanted into NOG mice showed morphological structures similar to those of human tissues, indicating that they were not affected by NOG mice. On the other hand, morphological changes were observed in the colorectal cancer strain PLR357 transplanted into NOG mice, indicating that it was inappropriate for transplant experiments into NOG mice.
- FITC-labeled mouse mAb to human CD326 EpCAM
- PE label as a cancer stem cell marker Add mouse mAb to human CD133 / 1 (AC133) (Miltenyi Biotec, Cat. No. 130-080-801) or PE labeled mouse mAb to human CD44 (BD Pharmingen, Cat. No. 550989), respectively, at 4 ° C. Reacted for 30 minutes. Cells were then washed once with FACS buffer and subjected to flow cytometry analysis.
- Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE: ALDH) activity was detected by using the AldeFluor Kit (Stemcell Technologies, Cat. No. 01700) and following the procedures recommended by the manufacturer.
- EPICS ALTRA (Beckman Coulter) was used for flow cytometry analysis, and cancer stem cell markers were analyzed for mice MHC class I negative and 7-AAD Viability Dye negative cells.
- Figure 2 shows the results. Cancer stem cell marker positive cells were observed in the cancer cell mass formed from the colon cancer strain PLR123, the colon cancer strain PLR59, and the colon cancer strain PLR325.
- the moderately differentiated colorectal cancer strain PLR123 and colorectal cancer strain PLR59 marker positive cells and marker negative cells were mixed and were heterogeneous cell populations.
- the poorly differentiated colorectal cancer strain PLR325 was a cell population showing homogeneous characteristics in which all cells were positive for EpCAM, AC133, and ALDH activities, and all cells were negative for CD44.
- Table 1 shows the results.
- moderately differentiated colorectal cancer strain PLR123 and colorectal cancer strain PLR59 cancer formation was observed in transplants of 100 cells / spot or higher
- poorly differentiated colorectal cancer strain PLR325 cancer formation was observed in transplants of 10 cells / spot or higher. It was.
- the frequency of cells having cancer-forming ability was analyzed using Extreme Limiting Dilution Analysis. It was shown that colon cancer strain PLR123, colon cancer strain PLR59, and colon cancer strain PLR325 contained cells having cancer forming ability at frequencies of 1/161, 1/195, and 1/14, respectively.
- LGR5 protein was detected in the moderately differentiated colorectal cancer strain PLR123 and colorectal cancer strain PLR59, indicating that cells with a positive intestinal stem cell marker were present. On the other hand, LGR5 protein was not detected in the poorly differentiated colorectal cancer strain PLR325.
- Example 2 Characteristic analysis of commercially available in vitro cancer cell lines (1) Culture of commercially available in vitro cancer cell lines Culture of commercially available in vitro cancer cell lines is a common method (for example, at 37 ° C in the presence of 5% CO 2. ) And a medium recommended by ATCC (http://www.atcc.org/). In addition, Fetal Bovine Serum in all the culture media used what was deactivated by performing the process of heat-retaining at 56 degreeC for 30 minutes or more.
- Cancer cells cultured in vitro are detached from the flask with Accutase (ICT, Cat. No. AT104), suspended in FACS buffer, and 7-AAD Viability Dye (Beckman Coulter) as dead cell staining. , Cat. No. A07704), FITC-labeled mouse mAb to human CD326 (EpCAM), PE-labeled mouse mAb to human CD133 / 1 (AC133), or PE-labeled mouse mAb to human CD44 as a cancer stem cell marker. For 30 minutes. Cells were then washed once with FACS buffer and subjected to flow cytometry analysis.
- Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE: ALDH) activity was detected by performing the procedure recommended by the manufacturer using the AldeFluor Kit.
- EPICS ALTRA (Beckman Coulter) was used for flow cytometry analysis, and cancer stem cell markers were analyzed for 7-AAD Viability Dye negative cells.
- Figure 6 shows the results. In HCT116, most of the cells were a cell population showing a homogeneous characteristic that the stem cell marker was positive.
- HCT116 cancer formation was observed in transplants of 10 cells / spot or higher.
- the frequency of cells having cancer-forming ability was analyzed using Extreme Limiting Dilution Analysis. It was shown that HCT116 contains cells having the ability to form cancer at a frequency of 1/9.
- Example 3 In vitro establishment of cancer stem cells (1) In vitro adherent culture of cancer stem cells (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as adherent culture) Cell culture was performed based on a general method (for example, at 37 ° C. in the presence of 5% CO 2 ) and using the following stem cell medium.
- Stem cell culture medium is DMEM / F12 (Invitrogen, Cat. No. 11330057) medium, final concentration of N-2 supplement (Invitrogen, Cat. No. 17502014), 20 ng / mL Recombinant Human EGF (Invitrogen, Cat. No. 11330032), 10 ng / mL Fibroblast Growth Factor-basic Human Recombinant (Sigma, Cat, No.
- FIG. 10 shows the morphology of moderately differentiated colorectal cancer strain PLR123 cultured in vitro. Only in the floating state, formation of cell clusters called spheroids was observed.
- Cancer cells cultured in vitro in stem cell culture medium are detached from the flask with Accutase, suspended in FACS buffer, 7-AAD Viability Dye as a dead cell stain, FITC-labeled mouse as a cancer stem cell marker mAb to human CD326 (EpCAM), PE-labeled mouse mAb to human CD133 / 1 (AC133) or PE-labeled mouse mAb to human CD44 was added, respectively, and reacted at 4 ° C. for 30 minutes. Cells were then washed once with FACS buffer and subjected to flow cytometry analysis.
- Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE: ALDH) activity was detected by performing the procedure recommended by the manufacturer using the AldeFluor Kit.
- EPICS ALTRA was used for flow cytometry analysis, and cancer stem cell markers were analyzed for 7-AAD Viability Dye negative cells. The results are shown in FIG. In the differentiated colon cancer strain PLR123 and colon cancer strain PLR59, which were cultured in vitro, all cells were positive for cancer stem cell markers, indicating a homogeneous cell population.
- Table 3 shows the results. In the transplantation cultures in vitro, moderately differentiated colon cancer strain PLR123 and colon cancer strain PLR59 showed cancer formation in all transplants. All of the moderately differentiated colorectal cancer strain PLR123 and colorectal cancer strain PLR59 cultured in vitro were shown to be cancer-forming cells.
- Each cell solution was transplanted subcutaneously into NOG mice at 100 ⁇ L / spot, ie, 1000 cells / spot, 100 cells / spot, 10 cells / spot, and the number of tumors formed was evaluated. Table 4 shows the results.
- the moderately differentiated colorectal cancer strain PLR123 cultured for more than 1 month showed cancer formation in all transplants.
- the ability to form cancer by in vitro culture was maintained at 100%, indicating that the in vitro establishment was successful.
- FIG. 15 shows the results. Cancer stem cell marker-negative cells were observed in cancer cell masses formed from medium-differentiated colon cancer strain PLR123 and colon cancer strain PLR59 cultured in vitro in 10 cells, and cancer stem cell marker-negative cells to cancer stem cell marker-negative cells It was shown that the cells were produced.
- Each cell solution was transplanted subcutaneously into NOG mice at 100 ⁇ L / spot, ie, 1000 cells / spot, 100 cells / spot, 10 cells / spot, and the number and morphology of tumors formed were evaluated.
- Table 5 shows the results. The formation of cancer having a hierarchical structure was observed at 10 or more locations, indicating that the cells contained in the cancer cell mass have the ability to self-replicate as cancer stem cells. Moreover, since the frequency of cancer stem cells contained in the cancer cell mass was 1/95, it was shown that differentiated cells having no cancer forming ability were produced from cancer stem cells cultured in vitro.
- Lgr5 protein expression analysis (1) Establishment of cells expressing full-length human Lgr4, Lgr5, and Lgr6 Full-length PCR was performed by PCR based on the sequences of NM_018490 (Lgr4), NM_001017403 (Lgr5), and NM_003667 (Lgr6). Human Lgr4, Lgr5, and Lgr6 cDNAs were cloned. The cloned gene was expressed with or without the addition of an HA tag at the N-terminus. The expression plasmid was transfected into the Chinese hamster ovary cell line CHO DG44 (Invitrogen) using Gene Pulser (BioRad). Stable cell lines HA-Lgr4 / DG, HA-Lgr5 / DG, and HA-Lgr6 / DG were selected using G418.
- Soluble Lgr5 (amino acids 1 to 555) protein was expressed as a fusion protein with the Fc portion of mouse IgG2a of CHO DG44. Transfectants were screened by sandwich ELISA using goat anti-mouse IgG2a (Bethyl labotratories) and HRP rat anti-mouse IgG2amAb (Serotec). The clone that produced the most abundant sLgr5-Fc was named 2D3. The 2D3 culture supernatant was collected, and the Lgr5-Fc protein was affinity purified by a protein A-Sepharose column (Pharmacia). Lgr5-Fc served as an antigen for protein immunization and ELISA screening.
- mice (Charles River Japan) were immunized subcutaneously with 50 ⁇ g of Lgr5-Fc emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant. Two weeks later, weekly injections were repeated for 2 weeks with the same amount in Freund's incomplete adjuvant. Three days before cell fusion, mice were injected intravenously with 25 ⁇ g Lgr5Fc. Spleen lymphocytes derived from immunized mice were fused with P3-X63Ag8U1 mouse myeloma cells (ATCC) by conventional methods (Kremer L and Marquez G (2004) Methods Mol.
- ATCC P3-X63Ag8U1 mouse myeloma cells
- the hybridoma culture supernatant was screened for antibodies reactive with sLgr5-Fc using ELISA.
- Lgr5-specific mouse mAbs 2T15E-2 and 2U2E-2 were established.
- Lgr5 protein was detected by goat anti-mouse antibody conjugated with polymer-HRP (DAKO) and visualized with AlexaFluor 488-labeled tyramide (Invitrogen). Snail protein was detected with biotinylated goat anti-rabbit antibody (VECTOR) and visualized with AlexaFluor 568 labeled streptavidin (Invitrogen). These cells and specimens were also stained with DAPI (Invitrogen).
- Flow cytometry analysis CSC was incubated with a labeled antibody and analyzed using EPICS ALTRA (Beckman Coulter) and FACSCalibur (Becton Dickinson).
- the antibodies used were PE-labeled mouse anti-human CD133 antibody (Miltenyi Biotec), PE-labeled mouse anti-human CD44 antibody (BD Pharmingen), FITC-labeled mouse anti-human CD326 (EpCAM) antibody (Miltenyi Biotec), PE-labeled mouse anti-human CD166.
- CSC was incubated with a mouse anti-human Lgr5 antibody (2T15E-2) and then with a PR-labeled rat anti-mouse IgG antibody (Invitrogen). Aldehyde dehydrogenase activity was measured using AldeFluor® Kit (Stemcell® Technologies). Mouse cells and human CSCs were distinguished by staining with anti-mouse MHC class I antibody (Abcam) and PE or APC-labeled goat anti-human IgG2a antibody (BioLegend). Dead cells were also removed with 7-AAD Viability Dye (Beckman Coulter).
- Lgr5 is expressed in adherent cancer stem cells.
- Lgr5-positive adherent cells As a result, the tumorigenic activity was stronger in Lgr5-positive adherent cells than in Lgr5-negative floating cells, but both Lgr5-positive cells and Lgr5-negative cells retained tumor-forming ability in NOG mice.
- Subcutaneous injection of 10 Lgr5-positive cells resulted in tumors at all injection sites (6 out of 6), but Lgr5-negative cells had 2 out of 6 injection sites (PLR123-derived cells) or 1 (PLR59) Tumors were formed (derived cells) (Table 6).
- Lgr5-positive cells were reconstructed at 2 sites (PLR123-derived cells) or 1 site (PLR59-derived cells) out of 12 injection sites, even when only one cell was injected per inoculation site ( FIG. 20), the histopathological morphology of tumors derived from Lgr5-positive and Lgr5-negative cells was almost the same as the original tumor (FIG. 21). Furthermore, the expression of cell surface markers and the tumorigenic activity of Lgr5-positive CSCs did not change even after 1 month of subculture (FIGS. 22, 23).
- Lgr5-positive and Lgr5-negative cells derived from PLR59 and PLR123 are high-purity colorectal CSCs, and Lgr5-positive and Lgr5-negative cells represent two distinct states of CSC in colorectal cancer Proved to be.
- the membrane was subjected to rabbit anti-human ⁇ -catenin antibody (Sigma), rabbit anti-human phospho c-JUN antibody (Sigma), rabbit anti-human TCF1 antibody (Cell Signaling), rabbit anti-human TCF3 antibody ( Cell Signaling), rabbit anti-human TCF4 antibody (Cell Signaling), rabbit anti-human Lgr5 antibody (Abcam), mouse anti-human E-cadherin antibody (Abcam), rabbit anti-human Snail antibody (Abcam), and mouse anti-human GAPDH antibody ( Probed with Santa Cruz). Reactive bands were detected using BCIP / NBT substrate (KPL).
- floating cancer stem cells and adherent cancer stem cells were seeded in 96-well plates at approximately 100 floating cancer stem cells and 1x104 adherent cells per well, respectively, and incubated for 24 hours, followed by 10 ⁇ g / mL.
- 5-FU Hospira
- 10 ⁇ g / mL irinotecan Hospira
- 50 mM TCF inhibitor FH535 Merck
- 50 mM ⁇ -catenin inhibitor cardamonin Merck
- Cell Counting Kit-8 was added to the cells. The average absorbance of cells exposed to DMSO or medium alone was expressed as 100%. All experiments were performed in triplicate.
- 50 ⁇ M FH535 significantly reduced the proliferation of Lgr5-positive colon cancer stem cells, but did not affect the proliferation of Lgr5-negative colon cancer stem cells (FIGS. 25 and 26).
- 50 ⁇ M cardamonin reduced the number of viable cells to 70% in Lgr5-positive colorectal cancer stem cells and to about 50% in Lgr5-negative colorectal cancer stem cells (FIGS. 25 and 26).
- TCF mediates the proliferation of Lgr5-positive cells, and that ⁇ -catenin is involved in the survival of colon cancer stem cells.
- Lgr5-positive cells proliferate without EGF and FGF supply (FIGS. 27 and 28), indicating that colon cancer stem cells are endogenous / activated to activate Wnt signaling for their proliferation. It indicates that it includes an autocrine mechanism.
- Lgr5-negative colon cancer stem cells In order to confirm whether or not Lgr5-negative colon cancer stem cells are changed to an Lgr5-positive state, the inventors of the present invention again adhere to Lgr5-negative colon cancer stem cells prepared by irinotecan treatment in a serum-free stem cell culture medium. It became Lgr5-positive, showed mesenchymal cell-like morphology (FIGS. 34 and 35), and started cell proliferation. On the other hand, when Lgr5-positive adherent colon cancer stem cells were cultured on an ultra-low adhesion plate, the present inventors showed that some of the cells stopped growing, formed spheroid-like structures, and showed very low levels of Lgr5 mRNA. Was observed (FIGS. 34 and 35).
- the Lgr5 mRNA was evaluated by the following quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Specifically, cDNA was synthesized using First-Strand® cDNA® Synthesis® Kit (SABiosciences) using total RNA isolated using RNeasy® Mini® Kit® including “DNAase® treatment (Qiagen)” as a template. Quantitative real-time PCR (QRT-PCR) analysis was performed using SYBR Green / Rox qPCR (SABiosciences) on Mx3005P Real-Time PCR System (Stratagene). The value of induction magnification was calculated using the 2- ⁇ Ct method. GAPDH and ACTB were used as references. All experiments were performed in triplicate.
- Lgr5 Forward primer 5′-AGTTTATCCTTCTGGTGGTAGTCC-3 ′ (SEQ ID NO: 1), Reverse primer 5′-CAAGATGTAGAGAAGGGGATTGA-3 ′ (SEQ ID NO: 2), GAPDH: Forward primer 5′-CTCTGCTCCTCCTGTTCGAC-3 ′ (SEQ ID NO: 3), Reverse primer 5′-ACGACCAAATCCGTTGACTC-3 ′ (SEQ ID NO: 4), ACTB: Forward primer 5′-AAGTCCCTTGCCATCCTAAAA-3 ′ (SEQ ID NO: 5), Reverse primer 5'-ATGCTATCACCTCCCCTGTG-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 6)
- colon cancer stem cells alternate between Lgr5-positive and Lgr5-negative states, and such changes do not require exogenous elements and niche environments.
- Lgr5-positive colon cancer stem cells form tumors in a plurality of tissues including lung, liver, lymph nodes, and subcutaneous.
- tumors with epithelial ductal structures were reconstructed in the liver, lymph nodes, and subcutaneous, but not in the lung (FIGS. 40, 41). ).
- a cancer stem cell composition that reproduces a hierarchical structure of a cancer tissue in which cells that are homogeneous and have no cancer-forming ability and cells that do not have a substantial mixture are provided.
- gene expression analysis and proteomic analysis are expected to enable identification of targets specifically expressed in cancer stem cells and activated signal transduction systems.
- continuous large-scale adjustment of homogeneous cancer stem cells is possible, and high-throughput analysis of drug candidates using the cancer stem cells helps to prevent cancer recurrence and metastasis, which are the most serious consequences for cancer patients. It is expected that the probability of finding effective drugs and diagnostic markers will be greatly improved.
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Cell Biology (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Oncology (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
- Measuring Or Testing Involving Enzymes Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明者らは高度免疫不全マウスで癌細胞株を樹立し、その樹立細胞株を用いて、階層構造を持つがんと階層構造を持たないがんを比較・解析した。さらに、癌幹細胞モデルに帰属する階層構造を持つがんでは、その癌幹細胞の分離・濃縮・均質化・大量培養の方法が無いため、解析や癌幹細胞を用いた薬剤のスクリーニングなどに支障が生じているため、その問題の解決を試みた。
〔1〕癌形成能が無い細胞が実質的に除去された癌幹細胞の集団であって、癌組織の階層構造を再現する特徴を有する癌幹細胞集団。
〔2〕前記癌幹細胞がヒト腫瘍組織由来であることを特徴とする、〔1〕に記載の癌幹細胞集団。
〔3〕前記ヒト腫瘍組織が、上皮癌由来の腫瘍組織であることを特徴とする、〔2〕に記載の癌幹細胞集団。
〔4〕前記上皮癌が、膵臓癌、前立腺癌、乳癌、皮膚癌、消化管の癌、肺癌、肝細胞癌、子宮頸癌、子宮体癌、卵巣癌、卵管癌、膣癌、肝臓癌、胆管癌、膀胱癌、尿管の癌、甲状腺癌、副腎癌、腎臓癌、又は、その他の腺組織の癌であることを特徴とする、〔3〕に記載の癌幹細胞集団。
〔5〕実質的に均質であることを特徴とする、〔1〕~〔4〕のいずれかに記載の癌幹細胞集団。
〔6〕Extreme Limiting Dilution Analysisにおいて癌幹細胞の頻度が1/20以上であることを特徴とする、〔1〕~〔5〕のいずれかに記載の癌幹細胞集団。
〔7〕癌幹細胞を1x104個以上含むことを特徴とする〔1〕~〔6〕のいずれかに記載の癌幹細胞集団。
〔8〕癌幹細胞を含む細胞群を付着培養する工程を含む方法により作製されることを特徴とする、〔1〕~〔7〕のいずれかに記載の癌幹細胞集団。
〔9〕下記(1)~(3)の工程を含む方法により作製されることを特徴とする、〔1〕~〔8〕のいずれかに記載の癌幹細胞集団;
(1)癌幹細胞を含む細胞群を、同一又は異なる種に属する非ヒト動物に移植し、癌細胞塊を作製する工程、
(2)作製された癌細胞塊を細分化する工程、及び
(3)(2)の工程により得られた細胞集団を幹細胞培地にて付着培養する工程。
〔10〕前記非ヒト動物が、ヌードマウス、SCIDマウス、NOD-SCIDマウス、NOGマウス、又はヌードラットのいずれかであることを特徴とする、〔1〕~〔9〕のいずれかに記載の癌幹細胞集団。
〔11〕癌幹細胞を含む細胞群を付着培養する工程を含む、癌形成能が無い細胞が実質的に除去された癌幹細胞の集団を作製する方法。
〔12〕前記癌幹細胞を含む細胞群が、癌組織の階層構造を再現する細胞群であることを特徴とする、〔11〕に記載の方法。
〔13〕前記癌組織の階層構造を再現する細胞群が非ヒト動物で樹立した癌細胞株、スフェロイド、又は、癌幹細胞マーカーCD24、CD29、CD34、CD44、CD49f、CD56、CD90、CD117、CD133、CD135、CD166、CD184、CD271、CD326、Aldefluor、ABCG2、ABCG5、LGR5、及びMsi1から選択される少なくとも1つ以上のマーカーが陽性の細胞であることを特徴とする、〔12〕に記載の方法。
〔14〕付着培養を行う前に癌幹細胞を含む細胞群を増殖させることを特徴とする、〔11〕~〔13〕のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
〔15〕スフェロイド培養により癌幹細胞を含む細胞群を増殖させることを特徴とする、〔14〕に記載の方法。
〔16〕非ヒト動物に移植し継代することにより細胞群を増殖させることを特徴とする、〔14〕に記載の方法。
〔17〕前記癌幹細胞が、ヒト腫瘍組織由来であることを特徴とする、〔11〕~〔16〕のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
〔18〕前記ヒト腫瘍組織が、上皮癌由来の腫瘍組織であることを特徴とする、〔17〕に記載の方法。
〔19〕前記上皮癌が、膵臓癌、前立腺癌、乳癌、皮膚癌、消化管の癌、肺癌、肝細胞癌、子宮頸癌、子宮体癌、卵巣癌、卵管癌、膣癌、肝臓癌、胆管癌、膀胱癌、尿管の癌、甲状腺癌、副腎癌、腎臓癌、又は、その他の腺組織の癌であることを特徴とする、〔18〕に記載の方法。
〔20〕前記非ヒト動物が、ヌードマウス、SCIDマウス、NOD-SCIDマウス、NOGマウス、又はヌードラットのいずれかであることを特徴とする、〔11〕~〔19〕のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
〔21〕〔1〕~〔10〕のいずれかに記載の癌幹細胞集団が移植された非ヒト動物モデル又は該癌幹細胞集団のin vitro条件下での培養系において、癌幹細胞から形成される階層構造、癌幹細胞から始まる癌進展プロセス、又は癌幹細胞の生物学的特性を指標として評価を行うことを特徴とする、医薬品のターゲット分子探索方法。
〔22〕下記(1)~(4)に記載された工程を含むことを特徴とする、〔21〕に記載の医薬品のターゲット分子探索方法;
(1)〔1〕~〔10〕のいずれかに記載の癌幹細胞集団を非ヒト動物に移植することにより非ヒト動物モデルを作製する工程、
(2)該癌幹細胞集団の癌進展プロセスにおいて特徴的に認められる組織構造、又はその生物学的特性を示す組織片を採取する工程、
(3)(2)において採取した組織片についてDNA、RNA、タンパク質、ペプチド又は代謝産物の発現を調べる工程、及び
(4)組織片中の癌幹細胞から形成される階層構造、癌幹細胞から始まる癌進展プロセス、又は癌幹細胞の生物学的特性に依存的に変動するDNA、RNA、タンパク質、ペプチド又は代謝産物を同定する工程。
〔23〕下記(1)~(3)に記載された工程を含むことを特徴とする、〔21〕に記載の医薬品のターゲット分子探索方法;
(1)〔1〕~〔10〕のいずれかに記載の癌幹細胞集団をin vitro条件下で培養し、癌幹細胞から始まる癌進展プロセスの特徴構造、又は癌幹細胞の生物学的特性を再現する工程、
(2)特徴構造を再現した培養細胞の、DNA、RNA、タンパク質、ペプチド又は代謝産物の発現を調べる工程、及び
(3)培養細胞中の癌幹細胞から形成される階層構造、癌幹細胞から始まる癌進展プロセス、又は癌幹細胞の生物学的特性に依存的に変動するDNA、RNA、タンパク質、ペプチド及び代謝産物を同定する工程。
〔24〕前記医薬品が抗癌剤であることを特徴とする、〔21〕~〔23〕のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
〔25〕前記ターゲット分子が癌細胞マーカーであることを特徴とする、〔21〕~〔24〕のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
〔26〕〔1〕~〔10〕のいずれかに記載の癌幹細胞集団が移植された非ヒト動物モデル又は該癌幹細胞集団のin vitro条件下での培養系において、癌幹細胞から形成される階層構造、癌幹細胞から始まる癌進展プロセス、又は癌幹細胞の生物学的特性を指標として評価を行うことを特徴とする、医薬品の評価方法。
〔27〕下記(1)~(5)に記載された工程を含むことを特徴とする、〔26〕に記載の医薬品の評価方法;
(1)〔1〕~〔10〕のいずれかに記載の癌幹細胞集団を非ヒト動物に移植することにより非ヒト動物モデルを作製する工程、
(2)被験物質を(1)の非ヒト動物モデルに投与する工程、
(3)癌幹細胞から始まる癌進展プロセスにおいて特徴的に認められる組織構造、又はその生物学的特性を示す組織片を採取する工程、
(4)組織片中の癌幹細胞の経時変化、癌進展プロセス、又はその生物学的特性を観察する工程、及び
(5)被験物質により阻害された癌幹細胞から形成される階層構造形成、癌幹細胞から始まる癌進展プロセス、又は癌幹細胞の生物学的特性を同定する工程。
〔28〕下記(1)~(4)に記載された工程を含むことを特徴とする、 〔26〕に記載の医薬品の評価方法;
(1)〔1〕~〔10〕のいずれかに記載の癌幹細胞集団をin vitro条件下で培養し、癌幹細胞から始まる癌進展プロセスの特徴構造、又は癌幹細胞の生物学的特性を再現する工程、
(2)被験物質で(1)の培養細胞を処理する工程、
(3)癌幹細胞から形成される階層構造の変化、癌幹細胞から始まる癌進展プロセス、又は癌幹細胞の生物学的特性を観察する工程、及び
(4)被験物質により阻害された癌幹細胞から形成される階層構造形成、癌幹細胞から始まる癌進展プロセス、又は癌幹細胞の生物学的特性を同定する工程。
〔29〕〔1〕~〔10〕のいずれかに記載の癌幹細胞集団が移植された非ヒト動物モデル又は該癌幹細胞集団のin vitro条件下での培養系において、癌幹細胞から形成される階層構造、癌幹細胞から始まる癌進展プロセス、又は癌幹細胞の生物学的特性を指標として評価を行うことを特徴とする、医薬品のスクリーニング方法。
〔30〕下記(1)~(5)に記載された工程を含むことを特徴とする、〔29〕に記載の医薬品のスクリーニング方法;
(1)〔1〕~〔10〕のいずれかに記載の癌幹細胞集団を非ヒト動物に移植することにより非ヒト動物モデルを作製する工程、
(2)被験物質を(1)の非ヒト動物モデルに投与する工程、
(3)癌幹細胞から始まる癌進展プロセスにおいて特徴的に認められる組織構造、又はその生物学的特性を示す組織片を採取する工程、
(4)組織片中の癌幹細胞の経時変化、癌進展プロセス、又はその生物学的特性を観察する工程、及び
(5)特定の癌幹細胞から形成される階層構造形成、癌幹細胞から始まる癌進展プロセス、又は癌幹細胞の生物学的特性を阻害する被験物質を同定する工程。
〔31〕下記(1)~(4)に記載された工程を含むことを特徴とする、〔29〕に記載の医薬品のスクリーニング方法;
(1)〔1〕~〔10〕のいずれかに記載の癌幹細胞集団をin vitro条件下で培養し、癌幹細胞から始まる癌進展プロセスの特徴構造、又は癌幹細胞の生物学的特性を再現する工程、
(2)被験物質で(1)の培養細胞を処理する工程、
(3)癌幹細胞から形成される階層構造の変化、癌幹細胞から始まる癌進展プロセス、又は癌幹細胞の生物学的特性を観察する工程、及び
(4)特定の癌幹細胞から形成される階層構造形成、癌幹細胞から始まる癌進展プロセス、又は癌幹細胞の生物学的特性を阻害する被験物質を同定する工程。
〔32〕前記医薬品が、抗癌剤であることを特徴とする、〔26〕~〔31〕のいずれかに記載の方法。
〔33〕前記in vitro条件下での培養系が、スフェロイド培養であることを特徴とする、〔21〕、〔23〕、〔26〕、〔28〕、〔29〕及び〔31〕のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
i)自己複製能を保有する。自己複製能とは、分裂した2つの娘細胞のどちらか1つ又は両方の細胞が、細胞系譜上、親細胞と同等の能力及び分化程度を保持している細胞を産出できる能力をいう。
ii)癌細胞塊を構成する複数種の癌細胞へ分化できる。癌幹細胞から分化した複数種の癌細胞は、正常幹細胞と同様に、細胞系譜上、癌幹細胞を頂点とする階層構造を形成する。癌幹細胞から段階的に多種癌細胞が産出されることにより多様な特徴を有する癌細胞塊が形成される。
1.癌幹細胞に特異的に発現する、核酸(DNA, RNA)、たんぱく質などを高率に同定し、これらの分子の機能を解明する。
2.癌幹細胞に特異的に発現する、核酸(DNA, RNA)、たんぱく質などを高率に同定し、これを阻害する薬剤候補の探索・スクリーニングを実施する
3.濃縮される各癌幹細胞の生物機能解析結果(浸潤性、分裂速度など)を指標に、癌の予後診断などに用いる
4.濃縮される各癌幹細胞の生物機能解析結果(浸潤性、分裂速度など)を指標に、新たに癌を分類し、この分類ごとの抗癌剤の探索・スクリーニングに応用する。
5.濃縮された癌幹細胞が、癌組織の大部分を占める分化細胞を輩出する過程を研究し、この過程をおさえこむ抗癌剤(癌サイレンサー)の探索・スクリーニングに使用する。
6.癌幹細胞の培養条件(酸素分圧、栄養条件、抗癌剤処置等)を劣悪な方向に調節することで、癌幹細胞に特徴的な生物反応を検出し、癌幹細胞の耐久性の成因を検討する。
7.癌幹細胞の培養条件(酸素分圧、栄養条件、抗癌剤処置等)を劣悪な方向に調節することで、癌幹細胞に特徴的な生物反応を検出し、癌幹細胞の耐久性を阻害する抗癌剤の探索・スクリーニングに使用する。
本発明は、本発明の癌幹細胞集団が移植された非ヒト動物モデル又は本発明の癌幹細胞集団のin vitro条件下での培養系において、癌幹細胞から形成される階層構造、癌幹細胞から始まる癌進展プロセス、又は癌幹細胞の生物学的特性を指標として評価を行うことを特徴とする、医薬品のターゲット分子探索方法に関する。
(1)癌幹細胞集団を非ヒト動物に移植することにより非ヒト動物モデルを作製する工程、
(2)癌幹細胞集団の癌進展プロセスにおいて特徴的に認められる組織構造、又はその生物学的特性を示す組織片を採取する工程、
(3)(2)において採取した組織片についてDNA、RNA、タンパク質、ペプチド又は代謝産物の発現を調べる工程、及び
(4)組織片中の癌幹細胞から形成される階層構造、癌幹細胞から始まる癌進展プロセス、又は癌幹細胞の生物学的特性に依存的に変動するDNA、RNA、タンパク質、ペプチド又は代謝産物を同定する工程。
(1)癌幹細胞集団をin vitro条件下で培養し、癌幹細胞から始まる癌進展プロセスの特徴構造、又は癌幹細胞の生物学的特性を再現する工程、
(2)特徴構造を再現した培養細胞の、DNA、RNA、及びタンパク質、ペプチド又は代謝産物の発現を調べる工程、及び
(3)培養細胞中の癌幹細胞から形成される階層構造、癌肝細胞から始まる癌進展プロセス、又は癌幹細胞の生物学的特性に依存的に変動するDNA、RNA,タンパク質、ペプチド及び代謝産物を同定する工程。
本発明は、本発明の癌幹細胞集団が移植された非ヒト動物モデル又は癌幹細胞集団のin vitro条件下での培養系において、癌幹細胞から形成される階層構造、癌幹細胞から始まる癌進展プロセス、又は癌幹細胞の生物学的特性を指標として評価を行うことを特徴とする、医薬品の評価方法に関する。
(1)癌幹細胞集団を非ヒト動物に移植することにより非ヒト動物モデルを作製する工程、
(2)被験物質を(1)の非ヒト動物モデルに投与する工程、
(3)癌幹細胞から始まる癌進展プロセスにおいて特徴的に認められる組織構造、又はその生物学的特性を示す組織片を採取する工程、
(4)組織片中の癌幹細胞の経時変化、癌進展プロセス、又はその生物学的特性を観察する工程、及び
(5)被験物質により阻害された癌幹細胞から形成される階層構造形成、癌幹細胞から始まる癌進展プロセス、又は癌幹細胞の生物学的特性を同定する工程。
(1)癌幹細胞集団をin vitro条件下で培養し、癌幹細胞から始まる癌進展プロセスの特徴構造、又は癌幹細胞の生物学的特性を再現する工程、
(2)被験物質で(1)の培養細胞を処理する工程、
(3)癌幹細胞から形成される階層構造の変化、癌幹細胞から始まる癌進展プロセス、又は癌幹細胞の生物学的特性を観察する工程、及び
(4)被験物質により阻害された癌幹細胞から形成される階層構造形成、癌幹細胞から始まる癌進展プロセス、又は癌幹細胞の生物学的特性を同定する工程。
本発明は、本発明の癌幹細胞集団が移植された非ヒト動物モデル又は癌幹細胞集団のin vitro条件下での培養系において、癌幹細胞から形成される階層構造、癌幹細胞から始まる癌進展プロセス、又は癌幹細胞の生物学的特性を指標として評価を行うことを特徴とする、医薬品のスクリーニング方法に関する。
(1)癌幹細胞集団を非ヒト動物に移植することにより非ヒト動物モデルを作製する工程、
(2)被験物質を(1)の非ヒト動物モデルに投与する工程、
(3)癌幹細胞から始まる癌進展プロセスにおいて特徴的に認められる組織構造、又はその生物学的特性を示す組織片を採取する工程、
(4)組織片中の癌幹細胞の経時変化、癌進展プロセス、又はその生物学的特性を観察する工程、及び
(5)特定の癌幹細胞から形成される階層構造形成、癌幹細胞から始まる癌進展プロセス、又は癌幹細胞の生物学的特性を阻害する被験物質を同定する工程。
(1)癌幹細胞集団をin vitro条件下で培養し、各癌進展プロセスの特徴構造、又はその生物学的特性を再現する工程、
(2)被験物質で(1)の培養細胞を処理する工程、
(3)培養細胞中の癌幹細胞の階層構造の経時変化、癌進展プロセス、又はその生物学的特性を観察する工程、及び
(4)被験物質により阻害された癌幹細胞の階層構造形成、癌進展プロセス、又はその生物学的特性を同定する工程。
なお本明細書において引用された全ての先行技術文献は、参照として本明細書に組み入れられる。
[実施例1]ヒト癌細胞株を用いた癌幹細胞と癌形成細胞の調製と評価
(1)マウスへ移植した大腸癌株の形態学的評価
大腸癌検体は、PharmaLogicals Research(シンガポール)およびParkway Laboratory Services(シンガポール)の倫理委員会の承認の下で、同意を得た患者から入手したものである。腫瘍片を剪刀で細かく刻み、NOGマウスの側腹部に移植した。ヒト大腸癌異種移植片は、実験動物中央研究所(日本)より供与されたNOGマウス中で継代することにより維持した。本実験で使用したマウスは、PharmaLogicals Researchの動物実験ガイドラインに従って処置した。NOGマウス、又はSCIDマウスで樹立した大腸癌細胞株をNOGマウスへ皮下移植し、癌細胞塊を作成した。癌細胞塊は摘出後、4% パラホルムアルデヒド(paraformaldehyde)にて4℃で16から24 時間の条件で固定し、AMeX法にて包埋して薄切組織標本を作製した。組織標本はHE染色を実施した。図1に結果を示す。NOGマウスへ移植した大腸癌株PLR123、大腸癌株PLR59、大腸癌株PLR325においてヒト組織と同様な形態学的構造が認められ、NOGマウスの影響を受けないことが示された。一方、NOGマウスへ移植した大腸癌株PLR357では形態学的な変化が認められ、NOGマウスへの移植実験に不適切であることが示された。
NOGマウスから癌細胞塊を摘出し、ハサミで物理的にミンスした。次に、DPBS (Invitrogen、Cat. No. 14190144) で数回懸濁し、Collagenase/Dispase(Roche、Cat. No. 10 269 638 001)とDNaseI(Roche、Cat. No. 11 284 932 001)とを含む酵素液に組織を移して、37℃で3時間撹拌した。さらに、ピペッティングを繰り返し細分化した細胞にLysing buffer(BD、Cat. No. 555899)を加え、マウス赤血球を除去した。最後に40μm cell strainer(BD、Cat. No. 352340)に通し、DPBSで数回懸濁し細胞液を調製した。
癌細胞塊から調製した細胞をFACSバッファー(2% Fetal Bovine Serum / DPBS)で懸濁し、Rat mAb to mouse MHC classI(Abcam、Cat. No. ab15680)を加え、4℃で30分反応させた。細胞をFACSバッファーで1回洗浄した後、2次抗体としてPE 標識Goat Ab to rat IgG2a(BioLegend、Cat. No. 405406)あるいはAPC 標識Goat Ab to rat IgG2a(BioLegend、Cat. No. 405407)、死細胞染色として7-AAD Viability Dye(Beckman Coulter、Cat. No. A07704)、癌幹細胞マーカーとしてFITC標識mouse mAb to human CD326 (EpCAM) (Miltenyi Biotec、Cat. No. 130-080-301)、PE標識mouse mAb to human CD133/1 (AC133) (Miltenyi Biotec、Cat. No. 130-080-801)、あるいはPE標識mouse mAb to human CD44 (BD Pharmingen、Cat. No. 550989)をそれぞれ加え、4℃で30分反応させた。次いで細胞をFACSバッファーで1回洗浄した後フローサイトメトリー解析に供した。アルデヒドデヒドロゲナーゼ(ALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE:ALDH)活性はAldeFluor Kit(Stemcell Technologies、Cat. No. 01700)を用いて、メーカー推奨の操作を行うことにより検出した。フローサイトメトリー解析にはEPICS ALTRA (Beckman Coulter)を用い、mouse MHC class I陰性かつ7-AAD Viability Dye陰性の細胞について癌幹細胞マーカーの解析を行った。図2に結果を示す。大腸癌株PLR123、大腸癌株PLR59、大腸癌株PLR325から形成された癌細胞塊において癌幹細胞マーカー陽性の細胞が認められた。中分化型の大腸癌株PLR123、大腸癌株PLR59においてはマーカー陽性細胞とマーカー陰性細胞が混在し、ヘテロな細胞集団であった。一方、低分化型の大腸癌株PLR325においては、すべての細胞がEpCAM、AC133、ALDH活性が陽性、またすべての細胞がCD44が陰性という均質な特徴を示す細胞集団であった。
癌細胞塊から調製した細胞をFACSバッファーで懸濁し、Rat mAb to mouse MHC class Iを加え、4℃で15分反応させた。細胞をFACSバッファーで1回洗浄した後、2次抗体としてPE 標識Goat Ab to rat IgG2aを加え、4℃で15分反応させた。さらに細胞をFACSバッファーで1回洗浄した後、EPICS ALTRAによるセルソーティング、 又は、EasySep Mouse PE Positive selection Kit (Stemcell Technologies、Cat. No. 18554)を用いてメーカー推奨の操作を行うことによりマウス細胞を除去した。細胞の純度はEPICS ALTRAを用いて解析した。図3に結果を示す。大腸癌株PLR123、大腸癌株PLR59、大腸癌株PLR325から形成された癌細胞塊において、マウス細胞除去後、95%以上の細胞がmouse MHC class I陰性であることが示された。
上記(2)で調製した細胞液からマウス細胞を除去したのち、癌細胞を顕微鏡下で単一細胞であることを確認し、細胞数をカウントした。Hank's Balanced Salt Solution(Invitrogen、Cat. No. 24020-117)で50%に希釈したMatrigel Basement Membrane Matrix(BD、Cat. No. 354234)を用いて、10000cells/mL、1000cells/mL、100cells/mLの細胞液を調製した。それぞれの細胞液を100μL/spot、すなわち1000cells/spot、100cells/spot、10cells/spotでNOGマウスへ皮下移植し、形成される腫瘍数を評価した。表1に結果を示す。中分化型の大腸癌株PLR123、大腸癌株PLR59において100cells/spot以上の移植において癌の形成が認められ、低分化型の大腸癌株PLR325において10cells/spot以上の移植において癌の形成が認められた。また、癌形成能を有する細胞の頻度をExtreme Limiting Dilution Analysisを用いて解析した。大腸癌株PLR123、大腸癌株PLR59、大腸癌株PLR325においてそれぞれ1/161、1/195、1/14の頻度で癌形成能を有する細胞が含まれていることが示された。
100細胞、10細胞から形成された癌細胞塊は摘出後、4% パラホルムアルデヒド(paraformaldehyde)にて4℃で16から24 時間の条件で固定し、AMeX法にて包埋して薄切組織標本を作製した。組織標本はHE染色を実施した。図4に結果を示す。中分化型の大腸癌株PLR123、大腸癌株PLR59において階層構造が認められ、大腸癌株PLR123、大腸癌株PLR59は癌幹細胞であることが示された。一方、低分化型の大腸癌株PLR325において、階層構造は認められず、大腸癌株PLR325は癌形成細胞であることが示された。
上記(2)で調製した細胞液からマウス細胞を除去したのち、RIPAバッファー(Sigma、Cat. No. R0278)を用いて大腸癌株PLR123、大腸癌株PLR59、大腸癌株PLR325の細胞ライゼートを作成し、SDS-PAGEを行った後、ウエスタンブロッティングを行った。LGR5タンパク質を検出するためにrabbit mAb to human GPR49(Abcam、Cat. No. ab75850)、陽性コントロールのためにmouse mAb to human GAPDH(Santa Cruz、Cat. No. Sc-69778)を用いた。図5に結果を示す。中分化型の大腸癌株PLR123、大腸癌株PLR59においてLGR5タンパク質が検出され、正常腸管幹細胞マーカー陽性の細胞が存在することが示された。一方、低分化型の大腸癌株PLR325において、LGR5タンパク質は検出されなかった。
(1)市販in vitro癌細胞株の培養
市販in vitro癌細胞株の培養は一般的な方法(例えば、37℃、5%CO2存在下)を基本とし、ATCC(http://www.atcc.org/)推奨の培地を用いて行った。なお、全ての培地中のFetal Bovine Serumは、56℃で30min以上保温する処理を行うことにより、非働化したものを用いた。
in vitro培養した癌細胞をAccutase (ICT、Cat. No. AT104)でフラスコから剥がし、FACSバッファーで懸濁し、死細胞染色として7-AAD Viability Dye(Beckman Coulter, Cat. No. A07704)、癌幹細胞マーカーとしてFITC標識mouse mAb to human CD326 (EpCAM)、PE標識mouse mAb to human CD133/1 (AC133)、あるいはPE標識mouse mAb to human CD44をそれぞれ加え、4℃で30分反応させた。次いで細胞をFACSバッファーで1回洗浄した後フローサイトメトリー解析に供した。アルデヒドデヒドロゲナーゼ(ALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE:ALDH)活性はAldeFluor Kitを用いて、メーカー推奨の操作を行うことにより検出した。フローサイトメトリー解析にはEPICS ALTRA (Beckman Coulter)を用い、7-AAD Viability Dye陰性の細胞について癌幹細胞マーカーの解析を行った。図6に結果を示す。HCT116において、ほとんどの細胞が幹細胞マーカー陽性という均質な特徴を示す細胞集団であった。
in vitro培養した癌細胞をAccutaseでフラスコから剥がし、癌細胞を顕微鏡下で単一細胞であることを確認し、細胞数をカウントした。Hank's Balanced Salt Solutionで50%に希釈したMatrigel Basement Membrane Matrixを用いて、10000cells/mL、1000cells/mL、100cells/mLの細胞液を調製した。それぞれの細胞液を100μL/spot、すなわち1000cells/spot、100cells/spot、10cells/spotでNOGマウスへ皮下移植し、形成される腫瘍数を評価した。表2に結果を示す。HCT116において10cells/spot以上の移植において癌の形成が認められた。また、癌形成能を有する細胞の頻度をExtreme Limiting Dilution Analysisを用いて解析した。HCT116において1/9の頻度で癌形成能を有する細胞が含まれていることが示された。
10細胞から形成された癌細胞塊は摘出後、4% パラホルムアルデヒド(paraformaldehyde)にて4℃で16から24 時間の条件で固定し、AMeX法にて包埋して薄切組織標本を作製した。組織標本はHE染色を実施した。図7に結果を示す。HCT116において階層構造は認められず、HCT116は癌形成細胞であることが示された。
RIPAバッファーを用いてHCT116の細胞ライゼートを作成し、SDS-PAGEを行った後、ウエスタンブロッティングを行った。LGR5タンパク質を検出するためにrabbit mAb to human GPR49、陽性コントロールのためにmouse mAb to human GAPDHを用いた。図8に結果を示す。HCT116において、LGR5タンパク質が検出されなかった。
HCT116を5000cells/wellでLab-Tek Chamber Slides(Thermo Scientific、Cat. No. 177402)に蒔き込み培養した。約24時間後、in situハイブリダイゼーションに使用した。in situハイブリダイゼーションはQuantiGene ViewRNA Plate-Based Assay Kit(Panomics、Cat. No. QVP0010)、QuantiGene ViewRNA Plate-Based Signal Amplification Kit(Panomics、Cat. No. QVP0200)、QuantaGene ViewRNA GPR49(LGR5) Probe set(Panomics、Cat. No. VA1-10587)を用いてメーカー推奨の操作を行うことにより解析した。また、核染色にDAPI(Invitrogen、Cat. No. D21490)を用いた。図9に結果を示す。HCT116においてLGR5 probeに対して陽性である細胞は認められなかった。
(1)癌幹細胞のin vitro付着培養(以後、単に付着培養という場合もある)
細胞の培養は一般的な方法(例えば、37℃、5%CO2存在下)を基本とし、以下の幹細胞培地を用いて行った。幹細胞培地はDMEM/F12(Invitrogen、Cat. No. 11330057)培地に、最終濃度が1xのN-2 supplement(Invitrogen、Cat. No. 17502014)、20ng/mLのRecombinant Human EGF(Invitrogen、Cat. No. 11330032)、10ng/mL のFibroblast Growth Factor-basic Human Recombinant(Sigma, Cat、No. F0291)、4μg/mLのHeparin Sodium Salt(Sigma、Cat. No. H3149)、4mg/mLのAlbuMax Lipid Rich BSA(Invitrogen、Cat. No. 11010021)、20μg/mLのinsulin, Human Recombinant, Zinc solution(Invitrogen、Cat. No. 12585014)、2.9mg/mLのD-(+)-Glucose Solution (45%)(Sigma、Cat. No. G8769)、1xのAntibiotic- Antimycotic(Invitrogen、Cat. No. 15240062)となるようにそれぞれ加えて作製した。癌幹細胞を含む癌細胞は幹細胞培地を用いて付着培養用の6 wellプレート(BD、Cat. No. 353046)で培養した。数日後、プレートに付着した細胞と浮遊した細胞が認められたが、浮遊細胞は除き、付着細胞のみを培養した。コンフルエントに増殖した付着細胞はAccutaseを用いて剥がし、新しい付着培養用の6 wellプレート、あるいは付着培養用のT25フラスコ(BD、Cat. No. 353109)、T75フラスコ(BD、Cat. No. 356485)、T150フラスコ(BD、Cat. No. 355001)を用いて培養した。以下の(2)に示す方法ですべての付着細胞が癌幹細胞マーカー陽性になるまで継代を続け、一部の細胞は細胞保存液であるバンバンカー(Wako、Cat. No. 302-14681)で懸濁し、-80℃以下で保存した。図10にin vitro培養した中分化型の大腸癌株PLR123の形態を示す。浮遊状態においてのみ、スフェロイドと呼ばれる細胞塊の形成が認められた。
幹細胞培地でin vitro付着培養した癌細胞をAccutaseでフラスコから剥がし、FACSバッファーで懸濁し、死細胞染色として7-AAD Viability Dye、癌幹細胞マーカーとしてFITC標識mouse mAb to human CD326 (EpCAM)、PE標識mouse mAb to human CD133/1 (AC133) 、あるいはPE標識mouse mAb to human CD44をそれぞれ加え、4℃で30分反応させた。次いで細胞をFACSバッファーで1回洗浄した後フローサイトメトリー解析に供した。アルデヒドデヒドロゲナーゼ(ALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE:ALDH)活性はAldeFluor Kitを用いて、メーカー推奨の操作を行うことにより検出した。フローサイトメトリー解析にはEPICS ALTRAを用い、7-AAD Viability Dye陰性の細胞について癌幹細胞マーカーの解析を行った。図11に結果を示す。in vitroで付着培養した中分化型の大腸癌株PLR123、大腸癌株PLR59において、すべての細胞が癌幹細胞マーカー陽性で、均質な細胞集団あることが示された。
細胞液からマウス細胞を除去したのち、RIPAバッファーを用いて、中分化型の大腸癌株PLR123、中分化型の大腸癌株PLR59、幹細胞培地でin vitro付着培養した大腸癌株PLR123、幹細胞培地でin vitro付着培養した大腸癌株PLR59各々の細胞ライゼートを作成し、SDS-PAGEを行った後、ウエスタンブロッティングを行った。LGR5タンパク質を検出するためにrabbit mAb to human GPR49、陽性コントロールのためにmouse mAb to human GAPDHを用いた。図12に結果を示す。幹細胞培地でin vitro付着培養した大腸癌株においてLGR5タンパク質の増加が検出された。幹細胞培地でin vitro培養することにより正常腸管幹細胞マーカー陽性の細胞が濃縮されることが示唆された。
幹細胞培地でin vitro付着培養した中分化型の大腸癌株PLR123を50000cells/wellでLab-Tek Chamber Slidesに蒔き込み培養した。約24時間後、in situハイブリダイゼーションに使用した。in situハイブリダイゼーションはQuantiGene ViewRNA Plate-Based Assay Kit、QuantiGene ViewRNA Plate-Based Signal Amplification Kit、QuantaGene ViewRNA GPR49(LGR5) Probe setを用いてメーカー推奨の操作を行うことにより解析した。また、核染色にDAPIを用いた。図13に結果を示す。幹細胞培地でin vitro付着培養した中分化型の大腸癌株PLR123はすべてがLGR5 probeに陽性であることが認められた。幹細胞培地でin vitro培養することにより正常腸管幹細胞マーカー陽性の細胞が濃縮されることが示され、すべての細胞が正常腸管幹細胞マーカーLGR5陽性の均質な細胞であることが示された。
in vitro付着培養した癌細胞をAccutaseでフラスコから剥がし、DPBSで数回懸濁した。細胞液は40μm cell strainerに通し、顕微鏡下で単一細胞であることを確認し、細胞数をカウントした。Hank's Balanced Salt Solutionで50%に希釈したMatrigel Basement Membrane Matrixを用いて、10000cells/mL、1000cells/mL、100cells/mLの細胞液を調製した。それぞれの細胞液を100μL/spot、すなわち1000cells/spot、100cells/spot、10cells/spotでNOGマウスへ皮下移植し、形成される腫瘍数を評価した。表3に結果を示す。in vitroで付着培養した中分化型の大腸癌株PLR123、大腸癌株PLR59において、すべての移植で癌の形成が認められた。in vitroで付着培養した中分化型の大腸癌株PLR123、大腸癌株PLR59はいずれも、すべてが癌形成能を有する細胞であることが示された。
in vitro付着培養した中分化型の大腸癌株PLR123をさらに1ヶ月以上培養し、癌形成能力の比較を行った。in vitro付着培養した細胞をAccutaseでフラスコから剥がし、DPBSで数回懸濁した。細胞液は40μm cell strainerに通し、顕微鏡下で単一細胞であることを確認し、細胞数をカウントした。Hank's Balanced Salt Solutionで50%に希釈したMatrigel Basement Membrane Matrixを用いて、10000cells/mL、1000cells/mL、100cells/mLの細胞液を調製した。それぞれの細胞液を100μL/spot、すなわち1000cells/spot、100cells/spot、10cells/spotでNOGマウスへ皮下移植し、形成される腫瘍数を評価した。表4に結果を示す。1ヶ月以上培養した中分化型の大腸癌株PLR123はすべての移植で癌の形成が認められた。in vitro培養による癌形成能力は100%に保たれ、in vitro株化に成功したことが示された。
10 細胞のin vitro付着培養した中分化型の大腸癌株PLR123、大腸癌株PLR59から形成された癌細胞塊を摘出して、4% パラホルムアルデヒド(paraformaldehyde)にて4℃で、16から24 時間の条件で固定後、AMeX法にて包埋して薄切組織標本を作製した。組織標本はHE染色を実施した。図14に結果を示す。10 細胞のin vitro付着培養した中分化型の大腸癌株PLR123、大腸癌株PLR59から形成された癌細胞塊において、ヒト組織及び樹立癌細胞株と同様な階層構造が認められた。また、1ヵ月以上培養したin vitro付着培養した中分化型の大腸癌株PLR123から形成された癌細胞塊においても、ヒト組織及びNOG樹立癌細胞株と同様な階層構造が認められた。in vitroで付着培養した中分化型の大腸癌株PLR123、大腸癌株PLR59はいずれも、すべてが多分化能を持つ癌幹細胞であることが示された。
10 細胞のin vitro付着培養した中分化型の大腸癌株PLR123、大腸癌株PLR59から形成された癌細胞塊より調製した細胞をFACSバッファーで懸濁し、Rat mAb to mouse MHC classIを加え、4℃で30分反応させた。細胞をFACSバッファーで1回洗浄した後、2次抗体としてPE 標識Goat Ab to rat IgG2aあるいはAPC 標識Goat Ab to rat IgG2a、死細胞染色として7-AAD Viability Dye、癌幹細胞マーカーとしてFITC標識mouse mAb to human CD326 (EpCAM) 、PE標識mouse mAb to human CD133/1 (AC133)、あるいはPE標識mouse mAb to human CD44をそれぞれ加え、4℃で30分反応させた。次いで細胞をFACSバッファーで1回洗浄した後フローサイトメトリー解析に供した。アルデヒドデヒドロゲナーゼ(ALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE:ALDH)活性はAldeFluor Kitを用いて、メーカー推奨の操作を行うことにより検出した。フローサイトメトリー解析にはEPICS ALTRAを用い、mouse MHC class I陰性かつ7-AAD Viability Dye陰性の細胞について癌幹細胞マーカーの解析を行った。図15に結果を示す。10 細胞のin vitro付着培養した中分化型の大腸癌株PLR123、大腸癌株PLR59から形成された癌細胞塊において、癌幹細胞マーカー陰性の細胞が認められ、癌幹細胞マーカー陽性細胞から癌幹細胞マーカー陰性細胞が産出されたことが示された。
10 細胞のin vitro付着培養した中分化型の大腸癌株PLR123から形成された癌細胞塊(1世代目)より調製した細胞液からマウス細胞を除去したのち、ヒト癌細胞を顕微鏡下で単一細胞であることを確認し、細胞数をカウントした。Hank's Balanced Salt Solutionで50%に希釈したMatrigel Basement Membrane Matrixを用いて、10000cells/mL、1000cells/mL、100cells/mLの細胞液を調製した。それぞれの細胞液を100μL/spot、すなわち1000cells/spot、100cells/spot、10cells/spotでNOGマウスへ皮下移植し、形成される腫瘍数及び形態を評価した。表5に結果を示す。10箇所以上で階層構造を有する癌の形成が認められたことから、癌細胞塊に含まれる細胞が癌幹細胞としての自己複製能を有することが示された。また、癌細胞塊に含まれる癌幹細胞の頻度は、1/95であったことから、in vitro付着培養した癌幹細胞から癌形成能を持たない分化した細胞が産出されたことが示された。
in vitro付着培養癌細胞から形成された2世代目の癌細胞塊を摘出して、4% パラホルムアルデヒド(paraformaldehyde)にて4℃で、16から24 時間の条件で固定後、AMeX法にて包埋して薄切組織標本を作製した。組織標本はHE染色を実施した。図16に結果を示す。in vitro付着培養した中分化型の大腸癌株PLR123から形成された2世代目の癌細胞塊において、ヒト組織及びNOG樹立癌細胞株と同様な階層構造が認められた。
(1)全長ヒトLgr4、Lgr5、およびLgr6を発現する細胞の樹立
NM_018490(Lgr4)、NM_001017403(Lgr5)、およびNM_003667(Lgr6)の配列に基づくPCRによって、全長ヒトLgr4、Lgr5、およびLgr6 cDNAをクローニングした。クローニングした遺伝子のN末端にHAタグを付加または付加せずに、発現させた。Gene Pulser(BioRad)を用いて、チャイニーズハムスター卵巣細胞株CHO DG44(Invitrogen)に発現プラスミドをトランスフェクトした。G418を用いて、安定な細胞株であるHA-Lgr4/DG、HA-Lgr5/DG、およびHA-Lgr6/DGを選択した。
可溶性のLgr5(アミノ酸1~555)タンパク質を、CHO DG44のマウスIgG2aのFc部分との融合タンパク質として発現させた。ヤギ抗マウスIgG2a(Bethyl labotratories)およびHRPラット抗マウスIgG2amAb(Serotec)を用いるサンドイッチELISAにより、トランスフェクタントをスクリーニングした。sLgr5-Fcを最も豊富に生じたクローンを2D3と命名した。2D3培養上清を回収し、Lgr5-Fcタンパク質をプロテインA-セファロースカラムによってアフィニティ精製した(Pharmacia)。Lgr5-Fcはタンパク質免疫化およびELISAスクリーニングのための抗原として働いた。
完全フロイントアジュバント中に乳化させた50μgのLgr5-Fcを用いて、Balb/cマウス(Charles River Japan)を皮下免疫した。2週間後、フロイント不完全アジュバント中の同量を用いて2週間にわたり週1回の注射を繰り返した。細胞融合の3日前、マウスに25μgのLgr5Fcを静脈注射した。免疫化マウスに由来する脾臓リンパ球を、従来法(Kremer L and Marquez G (2004) Methods Mol. Biol., 239, 243 - 260)により、P3-X63Ag8U1マウスミエローマ細胞(ATCC)と融合させた。ELISAを用いて、sLgr5-Fcとの反応性を有する抗体についてハイブリドーマ培養上清をスクリーニングした。Lgr5特異的マウスmAb 2T15E-2および2U2E-2を樹立した。
免疫蛍光細胞化学のために、4%パラホルムアルデヒドおよびメタノールで固定した細胞を、マウス抗ヒトE-カドヘリン抗体(Abcam)、ウサギ抗ヒトSnail抗体(Abcam)、またはウサギ抗ヒトβ-カテニン抗体(Sigma)と共にインキュベーションし、その後、それぞれAlexaFluor 488で標識したヤギ抗マウスIgG抗体またはヤギ抗ウサギIgG抗体を用いて可視化した。免疫蛍光組織化学のために、上記異種移植腫瘍のパラフィンブロック由来の薄片をマウス抗ヒトLgr5抗体(2U2E-2)またはウサギ抗ヒトSnail抗体(Abcam)と共にインキュベーションした。一次抗体とインキュベーションした後、Lgr5タンパク質を、ポリマー-HRP(DAKO)と結合したヤギ抗マウス抗体によって検出し、AlexaFluor 488標識チラミド(tyramide)(Invitrogen)によって可視化した。ビオチン化ヤギ抗ウサギ抗体(VECTOR)によってSnailタンパク質を検出し、AlexaFluor 568標識ストレプトアビジン(Invitrogen)によって可視化した。これらの細胞および検体も、DAPI(Invitrogen)で染色した。
CSCを標識抗体でインキュベーションし、EPICS ALTRA(Beckman Coulter)およびFACSCalibur(Becton Dickinson)を用いて解析した。使用した抗体は、PE標識マウス抗ヒトCD133抗体(Miltenyi Biotec)、PE標識マウス抗ヒトCD44抗体(BD Pharmingen)、FITC標識マウス抗ヒトCD326(EpCAM)抗体(Miltenyi Biotec)、PE標識マウス抗ヒトCD166抗体(R&D Systems)、PE標識マウス抗ヒトCD24抗体(BD Pharmingen)、PE標識マウス抗ヒトCD26抗体(BD Pharmingen)、およびPE標識マウス抗ヒトCD29抗体(BD Pharmingen)であった。
大腸癌の幹細胞群の特徴がWntシグナル伝達であるならば、インビボではLgr5陽性の付着細胞しか腫瘍を形成することができない。これが本当なのかどうか確かめるため、本発明者らは、Lgr5陽性の付着細胞およびLgr5陰性の浮遊細胞の腫瘍形成能を調べた。
ウエスタンブロット解析は以下の方法によって実施された。Complete Miniプロテアーゼインヒビターカクテル(Roche)を添加したRIPAバッファー(Sigma)を用いて、タンパク質を抽出した。タンパク質をNuPAGEゲル(Invitrogen)で分画し、PVDF膜に転写した。1%スキムミルク含有PBSでブロッキングした後、膜を、ウサギ抗ヒトβカテニン抗体(Sigma)、ウサギ抗ヒトホスホc-JUN抗体 (Sigma)、ウサギ抗ヒトTCF1抗体 (Cell Signaling)、ウサギ抗ヒトTCF3抗体 (Cell Signaling)、ウサギ抗ヒトTCF4抗体 (Cell Signaling)、ウサギ抗ヒトLgr5抗体 (Abcam)、マウス抗ヒトEカドヘリン抗体 (Abcam)、ウサギ抗ヒトSnail 抗体(Abcam)、および、マウス抗ヒトGAPDH抗体 (Santa Cruz)でプローブした。BCIP/NBT基質(KPL)を用いて反応性のバンドを検出した。
癌幹細胞の特徴の1つは、化学療法剤に対する抵抗性であるため、本発明者らは、5-FUおよびイリノテカンに対する大腸癌幹細胞の感受性を調べた。前述のように、Lgr5陽性細胞は倍加時間約2.5日で増殖したが、Lgr5陰性癌幹細胞は増殖という観点からは静止状態であった。5-FU(10micro g/ml)およびイリノテカン(10micro g/ml)で処理した場合、いずれの場合もLgr5陽性の大腸癌幹細胞の増殖は有意に阻害したが、Lgr5陰性の大腸癌幹細胞の増殖および生存には影響を与えなかった(図29および図30)。Lgr5陽性の大腸癌幹細胞を5-FU(10micro g/ml)またはイリノテカン(10micro g/ml)に3日間曝露した後、これらの化学療法剤に対して抵抗性を有する細胞が現れた。驚くべきことに、該薬物抵抗性細胞はLgr5陰性であり、かつその形態が変化しており(図31、図32、および図33)、これは、Lgr5陽性状態からLgr5陰性状態へ変化したことが示された。
Lgr5:
フォワードプライマー5'-AGTTTATCCTTCTGGTGGTAGTCC-3'(配列番号:1)、
リバースプライマー5'-CAAGATGTAGAGAAGGGGATTGA-3'(配列番号:2)、
GAPDH:
フォワードプライマー5'-CTCTGCTCCTCCTGTTCGAC-3'(配列番号:3)、
リバースプライマー5'-ACGACCAAATCCGTTGACTC-3'(配列番号:4)、
ACTB:
フォワードプライマー5'-AAGTCCCTTGCCATCCTAAAA-3'(配列番号:5)、
リバースプライマー5'-ATGCTATCACCTCCCCTGTG-3'(配列番号:6)
核β-カテニンを発現している間葉様細胞は、EMTを受ける、移動性癌幹細胞および転移形成癌幹細胞であると考えられる(Brabletz T, Jung A, Spaderna S, Hlubek F, Kirchner T (2005) Opinion: migrating cancer stem cells - an integrated concept of malignant tumour progression. Nat Rev Cancer 5:744-749.)。Lgr5陽性の大腸癌幹細胞の形態が間葉細胞に似ているため、本発明者らはLgr5陽性の大腸癌幹細胞は移動性癌幹細胞に相当するかどうか試験した。ウエスタンブロット分析によって、Lgr5陽性の大腸癌幹細胞における、低レベルの細胞表面E-カドヘリン、高レベルのSnail、および核局在β-カテニンの発現(これはEMTの特徴である)が明らかになった(図36、図37、および図38)。これに対して、Lgr5陰性の大腸癌幹細胞はいかなるEMTの兆候も示さず、すなわち、細胞表面E-カドヘリンが高発現し、Snailが低発現し、かつβ-カテニンの核局在は認められなかった。さらに、異種移植腫瘍組織で、出芽性領域でEMTを受けている細胞における、SnailとLgr5の同時発現が観察され(図39)、これは、Lgr5陽性の大腸癌幹細胞が移動性幹細胞に相当するとの見解を支持するものである。
Claims (33)
- 癌形成能が無い細胞が実質的に除去された癌幹細胞の集団であって、癌組織の階層構造を再現する特徴を有する癌幹細胞集団。
- 前記癌幹細胞がヒト腫瘍組織由来であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の癌幹細胞集団。
- 前記ヒト腫瘍組織が、上皮癌由来の腫瘍組織であることを特徴とする、請求項2に記載の癌幹細胞集団。
- 前記上皮癌が、膵臓癌、前立腺癌、乳癌、皮膚癌、消化管の癌、肺癌、肝細胞癌、子宮頸癌、子宮体癌、卵巣癌、卵管癌、膣癌、肝臓癌、胆管癌、膀胱癌、尿管の癌、甲状腺癌、副腎癌、腎臓癌、又は、その他の腺組織の癌であることを特徴とする、請求項3に記載の癌幹細胞集団。
- 実質的に均質であることを特徴とする、請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の癌幹細胞集団。
- Extreme Limiting Dilution Analysisにおいて癌幹細胞の頻度が1/20以上であることを特徴とする、請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の癌幹細胞集団。
- 癌幹細胞を1x104個以上含むことを特徴とする請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の癌幹細胞集団。
- 癌幹細胞を含む細胞群を付着培養する工程を含む方法により作製されることを特徴とする、請求項1~7のいずれかに記載の癌幹細胞集団。
- 下記(1)~(3)の工程を含む方法により作製されることを特徴とする、請求項1~8のいずれかに記載の癌幹細胞集団;
(1)癌幹細胞を含む細胞群を、同一又は異なる種に属する非ヒト動物に移植し、癌細胞塊を作製する工程、
(2)作製された癌細胞塊を細分化する工程、及び
(3)(2)の工程により得られた細胞集団を幹細胞培地にて付着培養する工程。 - 前記非ヒト動物が、ヌードマウス、SCIDマウス、NOD-SCIDマウス、NOGマウス、又はヌードラットのいずれかであることを特徴とする、請求項1~9のいずれかに記載の癌幹細胞集団。
- 癌幹細胞を含む細胞群を付着培養する工程を含む、癌形成能が無い細胞が実質的に除去された癌幹細胞の集団を作製する方法。
- 前記癌幹細胞を含む細胞群が、癌組織の階層構造を再現する細胞群であることを特徴とする、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記癌組織の階層構造を再現する細胞群が非ヒト動物で樹立した癌細胞株、スフェロイド、又は、癌幹細胞マーカーCD24、CD29、CD34、CD44、CD49f、CD56、CD90、CD117、CD133、CD135、CD166、CD184、CD271、CD326、Aldefluor、ABCG2、ABCG5、LGR5、及びMsi1から選択される少なくとも1つ以上のマーカーが陽性の細胞であることを特徴とする、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 付着培養を行う前に癌幹細胞を含む細胞群を増殖させることを特徴とする、請求項11~13のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- スフェロイド培養により癌幹細胞を含む細胞群を増殖させることを特徴とする、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 非ヒト動物に移植し継代することにより細胞群を増殖させることを特徴とする、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記癌幹細胞が、ヒト腫瘍組織由来であることを特徴とする、請求項11~16のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記ヒト腫瘍組織が、上皮癌由来の腫瘍組織であることを特徴とする、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 前記上皮癌が、膵臓癌、前立腺癌、乳癌、皮膚癌、消化管の癌、肺癌、肝細胞癌、子宮頸癌、子宮体癌、卵巣癌、卵管癌、膣癌、肝臓癌、胆管癌、膀胱癌、尿管の癌、甲状腺癌、副腎癌、腎臓癌、その他の腺組織の癌であることを特徴とする、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 前記非ヒト動物が、ヌードマウス、SCIDマウス、NOD-SCIDマウス、NOGマウス、又はヌードラットのいずれかであることを特徴とする、請求項11~19のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 請求項1~10のいずれかに記載の癌幹細胞集団が移植された非ヒト動物モデル又は該癌幹細胞集団のin vitro条件下での培養系において、癌幹細胞から形成される階層構造、癌幹細胞から始まる癌進展プロセス、又は癌幹細胞の生物学的特性を指標として評価を行うことを特徴とする、医薬品のターゲット分子探索方法。
- 下記(1)~(4)に記載された工程を含むことを特徴とする、請求項21に記載の医薬品のターゲット分子探索方法;
(1)請求項1~10のいずれかに記載の癌幹細胞集団を非ヒト動物に移植することにより非ヒト動物モデルを作製する工程、
(2)該癌幹細胞集団の癌進展プロセスにおいて特徴的に認められる組織構造、又はその生物学的特性を示す組織片を採取する工程、
(3)(2)において採取した組織片についてDNA、RNA、タンパク質、ペプチド又は代謝産物の発現を調べる工程、及び
(4)組織片中の癌幹細胞から形成される階層構造、癌幹細胞から始まる癌進展プロセス、又は癌幹細胞の生物学的特性に依存的に変動するDNA、RNA、タンパク質、ペプチド又は代謝産物を同定する工程。 - 下記(1)~(3)に記載された工程を含むことを特徴とする、請求項21に記載の医薬品のターゲット分子探索方法;
(1)請求項1~10のいずれかに記載の癌幹細胞集団をin vitro条件下で培養し、癌幹細胞から始まる癌進展プロセスの特徴構造、又は癌幹細胞の生物学的特性を再現する工程、
(2)特徴構造を再現した培養細胞の、DNA、RNA、タンパク質、ペプチド又は代謝産物の発現を調べる工程、及び
(3)培養細胞中の癌幹細胞から形成される階層構造、癌幹細胞から始まる癌進展プロセス、又は癌幹細胞の生物学的特性に依存的に変動するDNA、RNA、タンパク質、ペプチド及び代謝産物を同定する工程。 - 前記医薬品が抗癌剤であることを特徴とする、請求項21~23のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記ターゲット分子が癌細胞マーカーであることを特徴とする、請求項21~24のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 請求項1~10のいずれかに記載の癌幹細胞集団が移植された非ヒト動物モデル又は該癌幹細胞集団のin vitro条件下での培養系において、癌幹細胞から形成される階層構造、癌幹細胞から始まる癌進展プロセス、又は癌幹細胞の生物学的特性を指標として評価を行うことを特徴とする、医薬品の評価方法。
- 下記(1)~(5)に記載された工程を含むことを特徴とする、請求項26に記載の医薬品の評価方法;
(1)請求項1~10のいずれかに記載の癌幹細胞集団を非ヒト動物に移植することにより非ヒト動物モデルを作製する工程、
(2)被験物質を(1)の非ヒト動物モデルに投与する工程、
(3)癌幹細胞から始まる癌進展プロセスにおいて特徴的に認められる組織構造、又はその生物学的特性を示す組織片を採取する工程、
(4)組織片中の癌幹細胞の経時変化、癌進展プロセス、又はその生物学的特性を観察する工程、及び
(5)被験物質により阻害された癌幹細胞から形成される階層構造形成、癌幹細胞から始まる癌進展プロセス、又は癌幹細胞の生物学的特性を同定する工程。 - 下記(1)~(4)に記載された工程を含むことを特徴とする、請求項26に記載の医薬品の評価方法;
(1)請求項1~10のいずれかに記載の癌幹細胞集団をin vitro条件下で培養し、癌幹細胞から始まる癌進展プロセスの特徴構造、又は癌幹細胞の生物学的特性を再現する工程、
(2)被験物質で(1)の培養細胞を処理する工程、
(3)癌幹細胞から形成される階層構造の変化、癌幹細胞から始まる癌進展プロセス、又は癌幹細胞の生物学的特性を観察する工程、及び
(4)被験物質により阻害された癌幹細胞から形成される階層構造形成、癌幹細胞から始まる癌進展プロセス、又は癌幹細胞の生物学的特性を同定する工程。 - 請求項1~10のいずれかに記載の癌幹細胞集団が移植された非ヒト動物モデル又は該癌幹細胞集団のin vitro条件下での培養系において、癌幹細胞から形成される階層構造、癌幹細胞から始まる癌進展プロセス、又は癌幹細胞の生物学的特性を指標として評価を行うことを特徴とする、医薬品のスクリーニング方法。
- 下記(1)~(5)に記載された工程を含むことを特徴とする、請求項29に記載の医薬品のスクリーニング方法;
(1)請求項1~10のいずれかに記載の癌幹細胞集団を非ヒト動物に移植することにより非ヒト動物モデルを作製する工程、
(2)被験物質を(1)の非ヒト動物モデルに投与する工程、
(3)癌幹細胞から始まる癌進展プロセスにおいて特徴的に認められる組織構造、又はその生物学的特性を示す組織片を採取する工程、
(4)組織片中の癌幹細胞の経時変化、癌進展プロセス、又はその生物学的特性を観察する工程、及び
(5)特定の癌幹細胞から形成される階層構造形成、癌幹細胞から始まる癌進展プロセス、又は癌幹細胞の生物学的特性を阻害する被験物質を同定する工程。 - 下記(1)~(4)に記載された工程を含むことを特徴とする、請求項29に記載の医薬品のスクリーニング方法;
(1)請求項1~10のいずれかに記載の癌幹細胞集団をin vitro条件下で培養し、癌幹細胞から始まる癌進展プロセスの特徴構造、又は癌幹細胞の生物学的特性を再現する工程、
(2)被験物質で(1)の培養細胞を処理する工程、
(3)癌幹細胞から形成される階層構造の変化、癌幹細胞から始まる癌進展プロセス、又は癌幹細胞の生物学的特性を観察する工程、及び
(4)特定の癌幹細胞から形成される階層構造形成、癌幹細胞から始まる癌進展プロセス、又は癌幹細胞の生物学的特性を阻害する被験物質を同定する工程。 - 前記医薬品が、抗癌剤であることを特徴とする、請求項26~31のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記in vitro条件下での培養系が、スフェロイド培養であることを特徴とする、請求項21、23、26、28、29及び31のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201180058568.3A CN103328626B (zh) | 2010-10-06 | 2011-10-06 | 癌干细胞群及其制备方法 |
US13/878,181 US11124773B2 (en) | 2010-10-06 | 2011-10-06 | Cancer stem cell population and method for production thereof |
EP11830729.7A EP2626414B1 (en) | 2010-10-06 | 2011-10-06 | Cancer stem cell mass and process for production thereof |
JP2012537753A JP6230789B2 (ja) | 2010-10-06 | 2011-10-06 | 癌幹細胞集団及びその作製方法 |
SG2013025895A SG189302A1 (en) | 2010-10-06 | 2011-10-06 | Cancer stem cell population and method for production thereof |
US16/994,388 US11965180B2 (en) | 2010-10-06 | 2020-08-14 | Cancer stem cell population and method for production thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2010226301 | 2010-10-06 | ||
JP2010-226301 | 2010-10-06 |
Related Child Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US13/878,181 A-371-Of-International US11124773B2 (en) | 2010-10-06 | 2011-10-06 | Cancer stem cell population and method for production thereof |
US16/994,388 Division US11965180B2 (en) | 2010-10-06 | 2020-08-14 | Cancer stem cell population and method for production thereof |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2012046797A1 true WO2012046797A1 (ja) | 2012-04-12 |
Family
ID=45927791
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2011/073067 WO2012046797A1 (ja) | 2010-10-06 | 2011-10-06 | 癌幹細胞集団及びその作製方法 |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US11124773B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2626414B1 (ja) |
JP (2) | JP6230789B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN103328626B (ja) |
SG (2) | SG189302A1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2012046797A1 (ja) |
Cited By (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2013035824A1 (ja) * | 2011-09-07 | 2013-03-14 | ファーマロジカルズ・リサーチ プライベート リミテッド | 癌幹細胞の分離 |
WO2013100120A1 (ja) | 2011-12-28 | 2013-07-04 | 中外製薬株式会社 | ヒト化抗Epiregulin抗体および当該抗体を有効成分として含む癌治療剤 |
WO2014028274A1 (en) * | 2012-08-15 | 2014-02-20 | California Stem Cell, Inc. | Rapid method production high purity cancer stem cells and population of high purity cancer stem cells |
EP2517555A4 (en) * | 2009-12-25 | 2014-09-24 | Chugai Pharmaceutical Co Ltd | METHOD OF SEARCHING AND SCREENING AN ANTICANCER AGENT TARGET USING A NON-HUMAN ANIMAL MODEL HAVING BEEN TRANSPORTED A LINE OF CANCER CELLS ESTABLISHED ON NOG |
WO2014164462A1 (en) * | 2013-03-11 | 2014-10-09 | California Stem Cell, Inc. | Method of induction and purification of a cell population responsible for vasculary mimicry and use of the same |
WO2014165101A1 (en) * | 2013-03-13 | 2014-10-09 | California Stem Cell, Inc. | Individualized high purity colon carcinoma stem cells, methods and use of the same |
WO2014208482A1 (ja) | 2013-06-24 | 2014-12-31 | 中外製薬株式会社 | ヒト化抗Epiregulin抗体を有効成分として含む腺癌以外の非小細胞肺癌の治療剤 |
WO2015147107A1 (ja) * | 2014-03-28 | 2015-10-01 | 国立大学法人鳥取大学 | 低分子化合物による癌と線維化の抑制効果 |
WO2015199088A1 (ja) * | 2014-06-23 | 2015-12-30 | 国立大学法人京都大学 | 誘導型がん幹細胞 |
WO2016047738A1 (ja) * | 2014-09-25 | 2016-03-31 | 日産化学工業株式会社 | 抗癌剤のスクリーニング方法 |
JP2016518129A (ja) * | 2013-04-25 | 2016-06-23 | キュー・ジェル・ソシエテ・アノニムQgel Sa | 細胞ベースの薬物スクリーニングアッセイの方法及びその使用 |
JP2016525358A (ja) * | 2013-07-23 | 2016-08-25 | ジェネンテック, インコーポレイテッド | 結腸直腸がんのモデル |
JPWO2016170938A1 (ja) * | 2015-04-20 | 2017-04-27 | 国立大学法人 岡山大学 | がんの非ヒトモデル動物及びその作製方法、がん幹細胞及びその製造方法 |
EP3272856A1 (en) | 2016-07-22 | 2018-01-24 | Osaka Prefectural Hospital Organization | A method for culturing primary cells |
JP2018201408A (ja) * | 2017-06-05 | 2018-12-27 | 国立大学法人神戸大学 | がんオルガノイドを用いた抗がん薬のスクリーニング方法 |
JP2019506878A (ja) * | 2016-02-17 | 2019-03-14 | プロモセル・バイオサイエンス・アライブ・ゲー・エム・ベー・ハー・ビオメディツィーニッシェ・プロドゥクテ | がん幹細胞(csc)含有細胞集団の培養のための化学的に規定された培地 |
CN111733136A (zh) * | 2020-06-29 | 2020-10-02 | 中山大学孙逸仙纪念医院 | 一种提高CD90posi细胞分离效率的方法 |
US10934351B2 (en) | 2011-10-28 | 2021-03-02 | Chugai Seiyaku Kabushiki Kaisha | Cancer stem cell-specific molecule |
US11124773B2 (en) | 2010-10-06 | 2021-09-21 | Chugai Seiyaku Kabushiki Kaisha | Cancer stem cell population and method for production thereof |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20200283734A1 (en) * | 2017-09-08 | 2020-09-10 | Agency For Science, Technology And Research | Reprogramming of a differentiated cell to an undifferentiated cell using exosome |
CN107904206A (zh) * | 2017-11-17 | 2018-04-13 | 张家港澳洋医院有限公司 | 一种脂多糖诱导肿瘤细胞生成肿瘤干细胞的用途和方法 |
CN108130311B (zh) * | 2017-12-19 | 2020-12-08 | 柴怡 | 一种人原代结肠癌肝转移细胞株hcs1220 |
WO2020032162A1 (ja) * | 2018-08-08 | 2020-02-13 | 中外製薬株式会社 | がん組織またはがん組織に類似した組織の培養方法 |
KR102240824B1 (ko) * | 2018-12-06 | 2021-04-15 | 경북대학교 산학협력단 | 암 세포주 스페로이드를 이용한 약물 스크리닝 동물모델 제조방법 및 이의 이용 |
US11931460B2 (en) | 2020-11-18 | 2024-03-19 | Arizona Board Of Regents On Behalf Of Arizona State University | Aminoglycoside antibiotic-derived microbead-encapsulated spheroids and methods of making and using the same |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2002043477A1 (en) | 2000-12-01 | 2002-06-06 | Central Institute For Experimental Animals | Method of constructing mouse suitable for the take, differentiation and proliferation of heterogenous cells, mouse constructed by this method and use of the mouse |
JP2008182912A (ja) | 2007-01-29 | 2008-08-14 | Nippon Kayaku Co Ltd | 癌幹細胞の培養方法、および癌幹細胞 |
JP2009539374A (ja) * | 2006-06-06 | 2009-11-19 | ユニバーシティ・オブ・テネシー・リサーチ・ファウンデーション | 腫瘍性幹細胞が富化された組成物及びそれを含む方法 |
JP2010516259A (ja) * | 2007-01-22 | 2010-05-20 | レイベン バイオテクノロジーズ | ヒトがん幹細胞 |
Family Cites Families (57)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5573924A (en) | 1992-09-08 | 1996-11-12 | Immunex Corporation | CD27 ligand |
US8044259B2 (en) | 2000-08-03 | 2011-10-25 | The Regents Of The University Of Michigan | Determining the capability of a test compound to affect solid tumor stem cells |
US6984522B2 (en) | 2000-08-03 | 2006-01-10 | Regents Of The University Of Michigan | Isolation and use of solid tumor stem cells |
WO2003104401A2 (en) | 2002-06-05 | 2003-12-18 | Avalon Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Cancer-linked gene as target for chemotherapy |
JPWO2004101775A1 (ja) | 2003-05-16 | 2006-07-13 | 協和醗酵工業株式会社 | 新規な成体組織由来の幹細胞およびその用途 |
CA2447400A1 (en) | 2003-09-12 | 2005-03-12 | The Hospital For Sick Children | Brain tumor stem cells |
JPWO2005035740A1 (ja) | 2003-10-09 | 2006-12-21 | 協和醗酵工業株式会社 | 無血清馴化したゲノム改変細胞 |
JP2005206508A (ja) | 2004-01-22 | 2005-08-04 | Chemo Sero Therapeut Res Inst | 悪性腫瘍細胞増殖抑制抗体 |
CN1980957A (zh) | 2004-03-23 | 2007-06-13 | 比奥根艾迪克Ma公司 | 受体偶联剂及其治疗用途 |
US20080268476A1 (en) | 2004-05-12 | 2008-10-30 | Institut National De La Sante Et De La Recherche Medicale (Inserm) | Nectin 4 (N4) as a Marker for Cancer Prognosis |
US7498315B2 (en) | 2004-06-01 | 2009-03-03 | Pronai Therapeutics, Inc. | Methods and compositions for the inhibition of gene expression |
US20090214517A1 (en) | 2004-07-27 | 2009-08-27 | Justin Wong | Compositions and methods of use for modulators of nectin 4, semaphorin 4b, igsf9, and kiaa0152 in treating disease |
WO2006039671A2 (en) | 2004-09-29 | 2006-04-13 | Central Institute For Experimental Animals | Gene markers of tumor metastasis |
CA3218940A1 (en) | 2004-11-12 | 2006-05-18 | Cambridge University Technical Services Ltd. | Methods and means related to cancer stem cells |
JPWO2006051984A1 (ja) | 2004-11-15 | 2008-05-29 | キリンファーマ株式会社 | 癌細胞の転移抑制方法およびそのために使用する医薬組成物 |
AU2006236225C1 (en) | 2005-04-19 | 2013-05-02 | Seagen Inc. | Humanized anti-CD70 binding agents and uses thereof |
EP1907858A4 (en) | 2005-06-13 | 2009-04-08 | Univ Michigan | COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS OF TREATMENT AND DIAGNOSIS OF CANCER |
JP2009502156A (ja) | 2005-07-26 | 2009-01-29 | プロキュア・セラピューティクス・リミテッド | 幹細胞マーカー |
NZ566395A (en) | 2005-09-26 | 2012-03-30 | Medarex Inc | Human monoclonal antibodies to CD70 |
US7723112B2 (en) * | 2005-10-31 | 2010-05-25 | The Regents Of The University Of Michigan | Compositions and methods for treating and diagnosing cancer |
US20070220621A1 (en) * | 2005-10-31 | 2007-09-20 | Clarke Michael F | Genetic characterization and prognostic significance of cancer stem cells in cancer |
EP1792979A1 (en) | 2005-12-01 | 2007-06-06 | Stiftung Caesar Center of Advanced European Studies and Research | Cell culture system for the enrichment and expansion of stem cells |
ES2548240T3 (es) | 2005-12-01 | 2015-10-15 | Pronai Therapeutics, Inc. | Terapias para el cáncer y composiciones farmacéuticas usadas en las mismas |
WO2007124125A2 (en) | 2006-04-21 | 2007-11-01 | Stowers Institute For Medical Research | Methods of identifying stem cells in normal and cancerous tissues and related progeny cells |
WO2007132883A1 (ja) | 2006-05-17 | 2007-11-22 | Yokohama City University | 肝臓癌の鑑別、疾患ステージの判定又は予後の予測方法及びキット |
US20110244501A1 (en) | 2006-08-02 | 2011-10-06 | Biogen Idec Ma Inc. | Cancer stem cells |
EP1907531B1 (en) | 2006-08-11 | 2013-07-10 | AO-Forschungsinstitut Davos | Identification and selection of stem cells being committed to differentiate to a specific type for obtaining a homogeneous population of stem cells |
EA200970250A1 (ru) | 2006-09-05 | 2010-02-26 | Медарекс, Инк. | Антитела к костным морфогенетическим белкам и их рецепторам и способы их применения |
EP2076587A4 (en) * | 2006-09-11 | 2009-12-09 | Univ Florida | ISOLATION, EXPANSION AND USE OF TUMOR STEM CELLS |
GB2442059A (en) * | 2006-09-19 | 2008-03-26 | Ist Superiore Sanita | Test for cancer of the gastrointestinal tract |
KR101493779B1 (ko) | 2006-10-12 | 2015-02-16 | 츄가이 세이야꾸 가부시키가이샤 | 항 ereg 항체를 이용하는 암의 진단 및 치료 방법 |
JP2008102012A (ja) | 2006-10-19 | 2008-05-01 | Kanazawa Univ | 癌幹細胞の同定および単離方法 |
BRPI0811857A2 (pt) | 2007-05-14 | 2014-10-21 | Biogen Idec Inc | Regiões fc (scfc) de cadeia simples, polipeptídeos de aglutinação que as compreendem e métodos relacionados. |
WO2008149803A1 (ja) | 2007-06-06 | 2008-12-11 | The University Of Tokyo | 表面抗原マーカーを用いた急性リンパ性白血病における癌幹細胞の分離同定方法 |
PL3009148T3 (pl) | 2007-07-02 | 2019-03-29 | Oncomed Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Kompozycje oraz sposoby leczenia i diagnozowania nowotworu |
US20110244502A1 (en) * | 2007-08-10 | 2011-10-06 | Whitehead Institute For Biomedical Research | Hormone responsive tissue culture system and uses thereof |
EP2022848A1 (en) * | 2007-08-10 | 2009-02-11 | Hubrecht Institut | A method for identifying, expanding, and removing adult stem cells and cancer stem cells |
CA2700457A1 (en) * | 2007-10-01 | 2009-04-09 | Austin Smith | Neural tumor stem cells and methods of use thereof |
WO2009064301A1 (en) | 2007-11-15 | 2009-05-22 | The Johns Hopkins University | Methods for detecting and monitoring circulating cancer stem cells |
US7951549B2 (en) | 2008-03-07 | 2011-05-31 | Osi Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Methods for the identification of agents that inhibit mesenchymal-like tumor cells or their formation |
CA2723197C (en) | 2008-05-02 | 2017-09-19 | Seattle Genetics, Inc. | Methods and compositions for making antibodies and antibody derivatives with reduced core fucosylation |
US20110111434A1 (en) | 2008-07-15 | 2011-05-12 | Huang Emina H | Colon stem cells associated with colitisand colorectal cancer and methods of use |
WO2010016766A2 (en) | 2008-08-08 | 2010-02-11 | Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie Van Wetenschappen | Antibodies recognizing endogenous human lgr5 and/or lgr6 |
EP2373794A4 (en) | 2008-12-12 | 2012-09-05 | Oncotherapy Science Inc | NECTINE-4 FOR TARGET GENES OF CANCER THERAPY AND DIAGNOSIS OF CANCER |
US8834870B2 (en) | 2009-03-06 | 2014-09-16 | Kalobios Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Treatment of leukemias and chronic myeloproliferative diseases with antibodies to EphA3 |
CA2757114C (en) | 2009-03-30 | 2019-05-21 | Universite De Lausanne | Preparation of isolated agonist anti-edar monoclonal antibodies |
MX2011010955A (es) | 2009-04-20 | 2012-04-02 | Genentech Inc | Terapia complementaria contra el cancer. |
TW201105347A (en) | 2009-04-28 | 2011-02-16 | Chugai Pharmaceutical Co Ltd | Pharmaceutical compositions for maintenance therapy containing HLA class I-recognizing antibody as the active ingredient |
EP2436397B1 (en) | 2009-05-29 | 2017-05-10 | Chugai Seiyaku Kabushiki Kaisha | Pharmaceutical composition containing antagonist of egf family ligand as component |
WO2011027308A1 (en) | 2009-09-03 | 2011-03-10 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Novel tumor markers |
EP4190149A1 (en) | 2009-12-25 | 2023-06-07 | Chugai Seiyaku Kabushiki Kaisha | Method for searching and screening for target of anti-cancer agent using non-human animal model having nog established cancer cell line transplanted therein |
US9217032B2 (en) | 2010-01-08 | 2015-12-22 | Les Laboratoires Servier | Methods for treating colorectal cancer |
EP2626414B1 (en) | 2010-10-06 | 2020-07-15 | Chugai Seiyaku Kabushiki Kaisha | Cancer stem cell mass and process for production thereof |
US9164105B2 (en) | 2011-01-13 | 2015-10-20 | Industry-Academic Cooperation Foundation, Yonsei University | Pancreatic cancer biomarker using the characteristics of pancreatic cancer stem cells, and use thereof |
JP2013019327A (ja) | 2011-07-12 | 2013-01-31 | Panasonic Corp | 電動送風機およびそれを用いた電気掃除機 |
US10018630B2 (en) | 2011-09-07 | 2018-07-10 | Chugai Seiyaku Kabushiki Kaisha | Cancer stem cell isolation |
EP3603671A3 (en) | 2011-10-28 | 2020-07-29 | Chugai Seiyaku Kabushiki Kaisha | Cancer stem cell-specific molecule |
-
2011
- 2011-10-06 EP EP11830729.7A patent/EP2626414B1/en active Active
- 2011-10-06 WO PCT/JP2011/073067 patent/WO2012046797A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2011-10-06 SG SG2013025895A patent/SG189302A1/en unknown
- 2011-10-06 JP JP2012537753A patent/JP6230789B2/ja active Active
- 2011-10-06 SG SG2014003966A patent/SG196836A1/en unknown
- 2011-10-06 US US13/878,181 patent/US11124773B2/en active Active
- 2011-10-06 CN CN201180058568.3A patent/CN103328626B/zh active Active
-
2017
- 2017-08-03 JP JP2017150330A patent/JP6653689B2/ja active Active
-
2020
- 2020-08-14 US US16/994,388 patent/US11965180B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2002043477A1 (en) | 2000-12-01 | 2002-06-06 | Central Institute For Experimental Animals | Method of constructing mouse suitable for the take, differentiation and proliferation of heterogenous cells, mouse constructed by this method and use of the mouse |
JP2009539374A (ja) * | 2006-06-06 | 2009-11-19 | ユニバーシティ・オブ・テネシー・リサーチ・ファウンデーション | 腫瘍性幹細胞が富化された組成物及びそれを含む方法 |
JP2010516259A (ja) * | 2007-01-22 | 2010-05-20 | レイベン バイオテクノロジーズ | ヒトがん幹細胞 |
JP2008182912A (ja) | 2007-01-29 | 2008-08-14 | Nippon Kayaku Co Ltd | 癌幹細胞の培養方法、および癌幹細胞 |
Non-Patent Citations (16)
Title |
---|
BRABLETZ T; JUNG A; SPADERNA S; HLUBEK F; KIRCHNER T: "Opinion: migrating cancer stem cells - an integrated concept of malignant tumor progression", NAT REV CANCER, vol. 5, 2005, pages 744 - 749, XP002458148, DOI: doi:10.1038/nrc1694 |
FANG D.D. ET AL.: "Expansion of CD133(+) colon cancer cultures retaining stem cell properties to enable cancer stem cell target discovery.", BR J CANCER, vol. 102, no. 8, 13 April 2010 (2010-04-13), pages 1265 - 1275, XP055085870 * |
FUJII E. ET AL., PATHOL INT., vol. 58, 2008, pages 559 - 567 |
HU Y; SMYTH GK., J IMMUNOL METHODS., vol. 347, no. 1-2, 15 August 2009 (2009-08-15), pages 70 - 8 |
INAGAKI A. ET AL.: "Long-term maintenance of brain tumor stem cell properties under at non-adherent and adherent culture conditions", BIOCHEM BIOPHYS RES COMMUN., vol. 361, no. 3, 28 September 2007 (2007-09-28), pages 586 - 592, XP022624892 * |
ISHIZAWA K. ET AL., CELL STEM CELL, vol. 7, no. 3, 3 September 2010 (2010-09-03), pages 279 - 82 |
ISHIZAWA K; RASHEED ZA ET AL., CELL STEM CELL, vol. 7, no. 3, 3 September 2010 (2010-09-03), pages 279 - 82 |
KREMER L; MARQUEZ G, METHODS MOL. BIOL., vol. 239, 2004, pages 243 - 260 |
KUMAR V; ABBAS AK; FAUSIO N.: "General Pathology, 7: Neoplasia, Biology of tumor growth: Benign and malignant neoplasms", 2005, article "Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease", pages: 269 - 342 |
KUMAR V; ABBAS AK; FAUSIO N.: "General Pathology, 7: Neoplasia, Biology of tumor growth: Benign and malignant neoplasms", 2005, article "Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease", pages: 272 - 281 |
O'BRIEN CA ET AL., NATURE, vol. 445, no. 7123, 4 January 2007 (2007-01-04), pages 106 - 10 |
QUINTANA E. ET AL., NATURE, vol. 456, no. 7222, 4 December 2008 (2008-12-04), pages 593 - 8 |
See also references of EP2626414A4 |
VERMEULEN L. ET AL., NAT CELL BIOL., vol. 12, no. 5, May 2010 (2010-05-01), pages 468 - 76 |
VERMEULEN L. ET AL.: "Single-cell cloning of colon cancer stem cells reveals a multi-lineage differentiation capacity.", PROC NATL ACAD SCI USA, vol. 105, no. 36, 9 September 2008 (2008-09-09), pages 13427 - 13432, XP055057265 * |
YEUNG T.M. ET AL.: "Cancer stem cells from colorectal cancer-derived cell lines", PROC NATL ACAD SCI USA, vol. 107, no. 8, 23 February 2010 (2010-02-23), pages 3722 - 3727, XP055085867 * |
Cited By (33)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US11536713B2 (en) | 2009-12-25 | 2022-12-27 | Chugai Seiyaku Kabushiki Kaisha | Method for searching and screening for target of anti-cancer agent using non-human animal model having NOG established cancer cell line transplanted therein |
EP2517555A4 (en) * | 2009-12-25 | 2014-09-24 | Chugai Pharmaceutical Co Ltd | METHOD OF SEARCHING AND SCREENING AN ANTICANCER AGENT TARGET USING A NON-HUMAN ANIMAL MODEL HAVING BEEN TRANSPORTED A LINE OF CANCER CELLS ESTABLISHED ON NOG |
EP4190149A1 (en) * | 2009-12-25 | 2023-06-07 | Chugai Seiyaku Kabushiki Kaisha | Method for searching and screening for target of anti-cancer agent using non-human animal model having nog established cancer cell line transplanted therein |
US11124773B2 (en) | 2010-10-06 | 2021-09-21 | Chugai Seiyaku Kabushiki Kaisha | Cancer stem cell population and method for production thereof |
US11965180B2 (en) | 2010-10-06 | 2024-04-23 | Chugai Seiyaku Kabushiki Kaisha | Cancer stem cell population and method for production thereof |
EP2749641A4 (en) * | 2011-09-07 | 2015-07-01 | Chugai Pharmaceutical Co Ltd | CANCER STEM CELLS ISOLATION |
US10018630B2 (en) | 2011-09-07 | 2018-07-10 | Chugai Seiyaku Kabushiki Kaisha | Cancer stem cell isolation |
WO2013035824A1 (ja) * | 2011-09-07 | 2013-03-14 | ファーマロジカルズ・リサーチ プライベート リミテッド | 癌幹細胞の分離 |
US11858987B2 (en) | 2011-10-28 | 2024-01-02 | Chugai Seiyaku Kabushiki Kaisha | Cancer stem cell-specific molecule |
US10934351B2 (en) | 2011-10-28 | 2021-03-02 | Chugai Seiyaku Kabushiki Kaisha | Cancer stem cell-specific molecule |
WO2013100120A1 (ja) | 2011-12-28 | 2013-07-04 | 中外製薬株式会社 | ヒト化抗Epiregulin抗体および当該抗体を有効成分として含む癌治療剤 |
JP2015526087A (ja) * | 2012-08-15 | 2015-09-10 | ネオステム オンコロジー リミテッド ライビリティ カンパニー | 高純度癌幹細胞及び高純度癌幹細胞集団の迅速な作製方法 |
GB2519717A (en) * | 2012-08-15 | 2015-04-29 | California Stem Cell Inc | Rapid method production high purity cancer stem cells and population of high purity cancer stem cells |
CN105051187A (zh) * | 2012-08-15 | 2015-11-11 | 新干细胞肿瘤学有限责任公司 | 快速方法生产高纯度癌干细胞和高纯度癌干细胞群 |
WO2014028274A1 (en) * | 2012-08-15 | 2014-02-20 | California Stem Cell, Inc. | Rapid method production high purity cancer stem cells and population of high purity cancer stem cells |
WO2014164462A1 (en) * | 2013-03-11 | 2014-10-09 | California Stem Cell, Inc. | Method of induction and purification of a cell population responsible for vasculary mimicry and use of the same |
WO2014165101A1 (en) * | 2013-03-13 | 2014-10-09 | California Stem Cell, Inc. | Individualized high purity colon carcinoma stem cells, methods and use of the same |
JP2016518129A (ja) * | 2013-04-25 | 2016-06-23 | キュー・ジェル・ソシエテ・アノニムQgel Sa | 細胞ベースの薬物スクリーニングアッセイの方法及びその使用 |
WO2014208482A1 (ja) | 2013-06-24 | 2014-12-31 | 中外製薬株式会社 | ヒト化抗Epiregulin抗体を有効成分として含む腺癌以外の非小細胞肺癌の治療剤 |
JP2016525358A (ja) * | 2013-07-23 | 2016-08-25 | ジェネンテック, インコーポレイテッド | 結腸直腸がんのモデル |
JPWO2015147107A1 (ja) * | 2014-03-28 | 2017-04-13 | 国立大学法人鳥取大学 | 低分子化合物による癌と線維化の抑制効果 |
US11213527B2 (en) | 2014-03-28 | 2022-01-04 | National University Corporation Tottori University | Inhibitory effect of low molecular weight compound on cancer and fibrosis |
WO2015147107A1 (ja) * | 2014-03-28 | 2015-10-01 | 国立大学法人鳥取大学 | 低分子化合物による癌と線維化の抑制効果 |
WO2015199088A1 (ja) * | 2014-06-23 | 2015-12-30 | 国立大学法人京都大学 | 誘導型がん幹細胞 |
WO2016047738A1 (ja) * | 2014-09-25 | 2016-03-31 | 日産化学工業株式会社 | 抗癌剤のスクリーニング方法 |
JP2017086091A (ja) * | 2015-04-20 | 2017-05-25 | 国立大学法人 岡山大学 | がんの非ヒトモデル動物及びその作製方法、がん幹細胞及びその製造方法 |
JPWO2016170938A1 (ja) * | 2015-04-20 | 2017-04-27 | 国立大学法人 岡山大学 | がんの非ヒトモデル動物及びその作製方法、がん幹細胞及びその製造方法 |
JP2019506878A (ja) * | 2016-02-17 | 2019-03-14 | プロモセル・バイオサイエンス・アライブ・ゲー・エム・ベー・ハー・ビオメディツィーニッシェ・プロドゥクテ | がん幹細胞(csc)含有細胞集団の培養のための化学的に規定された培地 |
JP6990659B2 (ja) | 2016-02-17 | 2022-01-12 | プロモセル・ゲー・エム・ベー・ハー | がん幹細胞(csc)含有細胞集団の培養のための化学的に規定された培地 |
US10683485B2 (en) | 2016-07-22 | 2020-06-16 | Osaka Prefectural Hospital Organization | Method for culturing primary cells |
EP3272856A1 (en) | 2016-07-22 | 2018-01-24 | Osaka Prefectural Hospital Organization | A method for culturing primary cells |
JP2018201408A (ja) * | 2017-06-05 | 2018-12-27 | 国立大学法人神戸大学 | がんオルガノイドを用いた抗がん薬のスクリーニング方法 |
CN111733136A (zh) * | 2020-06-29 | 2020-10-02 | 中山大学孙逸仙纪念医院 | 一种提高CD90posi细胞分离效率的方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN103328626A (zh) | 2013-09-25 |
EP2626414A4 (en) | 2014-04-23 |
SG189302A1 (en) | 2013-05-31 |
US11124773B2 (en) | 2021-09-21 |
JP2018029583A (ja) | 2018-03-01 |
SG196836A1 (en) | 2014-02-13 |
JPWO2012046797A1 (ja) | 2014-02-24 |
US20130288248A1 (en) | 2013-10-31 |
EP2626414A1 (en) | 2013-08-14 |
EP2626414B1 (en) | 2020-07-15 |
JP6230789B2 (ja) | 2017-11-15 |
US20200385686A1 (en) | 2020-12-10 |
US11965180B2 (en) | 2024-04-23 |
CN103328626B (zh) | 2017-02-08 |
JP6653689B2 (ja) | 2020-02-26 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US11965180B2 (en) | Cancer stem cell population and method for production thereof | |
Lau et al. | CD44v8-10 is a cancer-specific marker for gastric cancer stem cells | |
Xiao et al. | The lymphovascular embolus of inflammatory breast cancer expresses a stem cell-like phenotype | |
He et al. | Isolation and characterization of cancer stem cells from high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas | |
JP6240504B2 (ja) | 細胞亜集団の同定及び濃縮 | |
Gao et al. | Isolation and phenotypic characterization of colorectal cancer stem cells with organ-specific metastatic potential | |
Ponti et al. | Isolation and in vitro propagation of tumorigenic breast cancer cells with stem/progenitor cell properties | |
Krohn et al. | CXCR4 receptor positive spheroid forming cells are responsible for tumor invasion in vitro | |
Zhang et al. | Intratumoral heterogeneity in a Trp53-null mouse model of human breast cancer | |
Ebert et al. | Endothelial, pericyte and tumor cell expression in glioblastoma identifies fibroblast activation protein (FAP) as an excellent target for immunotherapy | |
US8435746B2 (en) | Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) as a cancer stem cell marker | |
JP2008546387A (ja) | 癌を処置および診断するための組成物および方法 | |
JP2013509882A (ja) | カテナ:漿液性癌幹細胞 | |
US20230204565A1 (en) | Methods for Culturing Cancer Cells and for Inhibiting Invasion of Cancer | |
US11834682B2 (en) | Method for identifying anti-cancer agents using an in vitro cell culture system that maintains cancer cell stemness | |
Wang et al. | Enrichment of prostate cancer stem cells from primary prostate cancer cultures of biopsy samples | |
Liu et al. | Efficient enrichment of hepatic cancer stem-like cells from a primary rat HCC model via a density gradient centrifugation-centered method | |
US20240319174A1 (en) | Organoid co-cultures and methods of use thereof | |
JPWO2011090068A1 (ja) | 癌組織由来細胞塊または癌細胞凝集塊の培養方法、評価方法および保存方法 | |
KR101974509B1 (ko) | 보체 단백질의 간암 진단 용도 | |
小林慎太 et al. | Identification and Characterization of Cancer Stem Cells Responsible for Drug-Resistance and Metastasis | |
Vega Moreno et al. | CD44-high neural crest stem-like cells are associated with tumour aggressiveness and poor survival in neuroblastoma tumours | |
Pilborough | Tumour-Stromal Crosstalk in Metastatic Lymph Nodes of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. | |
Leccia | Identification of new markers for the characterization and isolation of breast cancer stem cells | |
Milanizdeh et al. | Understanding the Controversy in Cancer Stem Cell and Circulating Tumor Cell |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 11830729 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2012537753 Country of ref document: JP Kind code of ref document: A |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2011830729 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 13878181 Country of ref document: US |