WO2012039091A1 - 非水電解質二次電池及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
非水電解質二次電池及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012039091A1 WO2012039091A1 PCT/JP2011/004496 JP2011004496W WO2012039091A1 WO 2012039091 A1 WO2012039091 A1 WO 2012039091A1 JP 2011004496 W JP2011004496 W JP 2011004496W WO 2012039091 A1 WO2012039091 A1 WO 2012039091A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
- H01M10/0431—Cells with wound or folded electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
- H01M10/0587—Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only wound construction elements, i.e. wound positive electrodes, wound negative electrodes and wound separators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/49108—Electric battery cell making
- Y10T29/49112—Electric battery cell making including laminating of indefinite length material
Definitions
- the present invention includes an electrode group in which a long first electrode, a long second electrode, and a long separator interposed between the first electrode and the second electrode are wound in a spiral shape, and
- the present invention relates to a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery including a non-aqueous electrolyte, and particularly relates to the shape of a terminal portion on the end side of one electrode and the positional relationship between the electrode and the other electrode.
- a positive electrode and a negative electrode each having an active material layer formed on the surface of a sheet-like current collector are used.
- An electrode group is formed by winding the positive electrode and the negative electrode in a spiral manner with a separator interposed therebetween. The electrode group is accommodated in the battery case together with the nonaqueous electrolyte.
- the active material layer is densified by compression and the current collector metal foil is thinned. . Under such circumstances, problems such as electrode breakage have occurred due to tension applied during compression of the active material layer or winding of the electrode.
- Patent Document 1 discloses that the active material filling density of the part where the active material layer is formed only on one side of the current collector and the part of the active material where the active material layer is formed on both sides of the current collector The ratio with the packing density is specified. As a result, peeling of the active material layer formed only on one side of the current collector is suppressed, and excessive pressure is applied to the part where the active material layer is formed on both sides of the current collector during the electrode manufacturing process. Is intended to prevent tearing.
- Patent Document 2 proposes that a gap is provided in the battery case in which the electrode group is accommodated, and that the shape of the electrode group is made close to a truncated cone shape from the viewpoint of facilitating the injection of the electrolytic solution and the exhaust of the generated gas. is doing. Specifically, it has been proposed that the terminal end of at least one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode be inclined with respect to the short direction of the electrode.
- Patent Document 1 it is possible to avoid electrode breakage during the electrode manufacturing process.
- the electrode can be broken even in the completed battery. For example, when a battery is rapidly charged / discharged in a high-temperature environment, the electrode near the outermost periphery of the electrode group may break, the internal resistance may increase, and the capacity may decrease. If the rupture proceeds and the electrode is completely cut, the continuity is lost and no capacity is generated.
- lithium ions move between the positive electrode and the negative electrode due to charge and discharge.
- an electrode that has received lithium ions expands, and an electrode that has released lithium ions contracts. Therefore, it is known that the magnitude and directionality of the tension applied to the electrode during the electrode manufacturing process change depending on the charge / discharge cycle.
- the terminal portion of the other electrode is often located inside the location where the electrode breaks near the outermost periphery of the electrode group. Therefore, it is considered that the tearing of one electrode is caused by a step formed by the terminal portion on the side where the other electrode is rolled.
- the end portion on the electrode end side applies tension to the electrode on the outer peripheral side facing the electrode. Furthermore, the magnitude and directionality of tension continuously change depending on the charge / discharge cycle. Due to these reasons, it is presumed that the electrode breaks due to metal fatigue of the current collector. When rapid charging / discharging is performed in a high temperature environment, the tension change due to the charging / discharging cycle is further increased, and thus the above problem is considered to be remarkable.
- the tension applied to the outer electrode facing the terminal part can be reduced.
- the productivity of the battery decreases.
- a defect due to an internal short circuit may occur.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery that can suppress electrode breakage without impairing productivity even when rapid charge and discharge is performed in a high-temperature environment.
- the present invention relates to an electrode in which a long first electrode, a long second electrode, and a long separator interposed between the first electrode and the second electrode are wound in a spiral shape.
- a group and a nonaqueous electrolyte wherein the first electrode includes a sheet-like first current collector and a first active material layer disposed on a surface of the first current collector, A sheet-like second current collector and a second active material layer disposed on the surface of the second current collector, wherein the terminal portion of the first electrode on the end side of the electrode group has a non-linear shape
- the present invention relates to a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery that is opposed to a second electrode disposed on the outer peripheral side of the terminal portion via a separator.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery includes an electrode group in which a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode are wound, and a non-aqueous electrolyte. And a positive electrode active material layer disposed on the surface of the positive electrode current collector, the negative electrode being disposed on the surface of the negative electrode current collector and the negative electrode current collector.
- a negative electrode active material layer, and the electrode group is configured such that a terminal portion on the outer peripheral side of one electrode selected from a positive electrode and a negative electrode is further opposed to the other electrode located on the outer periphery, and the terminal portion is a non-linear shape It is.
- the step provided by the terminal portion of the electrode can further disperse the tension applied to the electrode located on the outer peripheral side. Therefore, even when rapid charging / discharging is performed in a high-temperature environment, the change in tension can be alleviated, and electrode breakage can be suppressed.
- the present invention provides a step of preparing a first electrode continuous body in which a plurality of long first electrodes are continuous in the longitudinal direction, and one end portion in the longitudinal direction from the first electrode continuous body has a non-linear shape.
- the non-linear end of the first electrode is a terminal end on the end of the winding
- the second electrode is further arranged on the outer peripheral side than the terminal end, and the separator
- a step of winding in a vortex shape so as to face the terminal portion, and a method for manufacturing a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
- the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery manufacturing method of the present invention includes, for example, a positive electrode cutting step, a negative electrode cutting step, a separator disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode obtained by cutting, and wound in a spiral shape. And an electrode group manufacturing step.
- a positive electrode per electrode group is cut out from a positive electrode continuous body (also referred to as a positive electrode hoop) in which a plurality of long positive electrodes are continuous in the longitudinal direction.
- a negative electrode per electrode group is cut out from a negative electrode continuum (also referred to as a negative electrode hoop) in which a plurality of long negative electrodes are continuous in the longitudinal direction.
- the positive electrode is formed by providing a positive electrode active material layer on the surface of a long sheet-like positive electrode current collector.
- the negative electrode is formed by providing a negative electrode active material layer on the surface of a long negative electrode current collector.
- the positive electrode cutting step or the negative electrode cutting step is a step of cutting so that a non-linear end is formed on the electrode. In the electrode group manufacturing process, the non-linear end of one electrode is used as the terminal end of the electrode group, and the other electrode is positioned on the outer peripheral side of the non-linear end. And separator.
- another nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery manufacturing method of the present invention includes a step of preparing a first electrode continuous body in which a plurality of long first electrodes are continuous in a longitudinal direction, and a plurality of long second electrodes. Preparing a second electrode continuum continuous in the longitudinal direction, preparing a separator continuum having a length corresponding to a plurality of long separators, the first electrode continuum, and the first The two-electrode continuum and the separator continuum interposed between them are from the starting position to the ending position corresponding to the nth first electrode, the nth second electrode, and the nth separator, respectively.
- the n-th first electrode and the (n + 1) -th first electrode are formed with non-linear ends at the step of winding in a spiral shape and at the end of the n-th first electrode. Cutting the first electrode continuum, and The second electrode is disposed further on the outer peripheral side than the non-linear end of the nth first electrode, and the nth second electrode is interposed between the non-linear separator and the non-linear separator. Cutting each of the separation end positions of the separator continuum and the second electrode continuum so as to face the linear end.
- another method for producing a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery of the present invention includes a positive electrode that is a part of a positive electrode continuum and a negative electrode that is a part of a negative electrode continuum.
- the electrode group production process which winds in a vortex shape through the part, the positive electrode cutting process which cuts the positive electrode continuous body, and the negative electrode cutting process which cuts the negative electrode continuous body are included.
- the positive electrode cutting step or the negative electrode cutting step is a step of cutting so that a non-linear end portion is formed on the electrode, and the non-linear end portion becomes a terminal end side of the electrode group.
- the other electrode cutting step is performed after the other electrode is further wound on the outer peripheral side so as to cover the terminal portion.
- the manufacturing method further cuts out the (n + 1) th first electrode from the first electrode continuous body so that linear end portions are formed on the (n + 1) th first electrode and the (n + 2) th first electrode. And the second corresponding to the (n + 1) th first electrode and the (n + 1) th second electrode so that the non-linear end of the (n + 1) th first electrode is a terminal end on the side of the winding. Winding from the starting position of the electrode continuum to the ending position of the electrode continuum, interposing between the starting position of the separator continuum corresponding to the (n + 1) th separator to the ending position of the separator.
- the n + 1-th second electrode is disposed further on the outer peripheral side than the non-linear end, and the n + 1-th second electrode is interposed between the n + 1-th separator and the non-linear line.
- Shape edge As opposed, the Maki end position of the separator continuum and the second electrode continuum, and cutting each may include.
- the direction of the non-linear shape in the battery can be changed by appropriately changing the direction of the cut out n + 1-th first electrode. Can be prevented from being different between batteries.
- the present invention even when the battery is rapidly charged and discharged in a high temperature environment, it is possible to suppress the rupture of the electrode near the outermost periphery of the electrode group. Therefore, a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery having excellent cycle characteristics can be provided without impairing productivity.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to the present invention includes a long first electrode, a long second electrode, and a long separator interposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, in a spiral shape. And a non-aqueous electrolyte.
- Two separators are used for one electrode group. Specifically, the first electrode or the second electrode is interposed between a pair of separators, and the other electrode is arranged outside one separator, so that a total of four sheet-like members are swirled.
- An electrode group is obtained by winding.
- the shape of the electrode group is a cylindrical shape with a circular cross section, an oval cylindrical shape with an elliptical cross section, or the like.
- the shape of the first electrode 5 is a long strip having a pair of long sides along the longitudinal direction (DL) and a pair of short sides along the short direction (DW).
- one of the short sides is not a straight line but a non-linear shape.
- the end 5a corresponding to such a non-linear short side is disposed on the end side of the electrode group. That is, the termination
- the shape of the second electrode 6 is also a long strip having a pair of long sides along the longitudinal direction (DL) and a pair of short sides along the short direction (DW). None of the sides along the short direction of the second electrode 6 need be non-linear.
- FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of the main part near the outermost periphery of the electrode group wound in a spiral shape.
- the upper side of FIG. 2 is the inner peripheral side of the electrode group, and the lower side is the outer peripheral side.
- the terminal portion 6 a disposed on the outermost periphery of the second electrode 6 passes through the nonlinear terminal portion 5 a of the first electrode 5 at least once from the outer peripheral side. That is, the second electrode 6 is disposed further on the outer peripheral side than the non-linear end portion 5 a of the first electrode 5. Further, the non-linear end portion 5 a of the first electrode 5 faces the second electrode 6 on the outer peripheral side via the separator 7.
- the terminal portion 5a of the first electrode 5 applies tension to the portion indicated by the broken line X of the second electrode 6 on the outer peripheral side facing this.
- size and directionality of tension change continuously with charging / discharging cycles.
- the change in tension due to the charge / discharge cycle tends to increase.
- the terminal portion 5a of the first electrode 5 has a non-linear shape, such tension is greatly relaxed. This is because by making the end portion 5a non-linear, the stress applied to the second electrode 6 on the outer peripheral side is dispersed, and no linear stress is applied. Therefore, it is difficult for the second electrode 6 to be linearly broken.
- the first electrode 5 includes a sheet-shaped first current collector 5x and a first active material layer 5y disposed on the surface of the first current collector 5x
- the second electrode 6 includes a sheet-shaped second current collector 5x. It includes a current collector 6x and a second active material layer 6y disposed on the surface of the second current collector 6x.
- Each active material layer may be a mixture layer containing an active material as an essential component and a binder or the like as an optional component, or a deposited film formed by depositing an active material on the surface of a current collector.
- the deposited film may be a film formed in a vacuum or reduced pressure environment, such as vapor deposition or sputtering, or a film formed in a thermal plasma environment.
- the current collector is a sheet-like conductive material having a pair of main surfaces, and the active material layer is formed on one surface or both surfaces of the current collector.
- the active material layer is formed on both surfaces of the current collector, an exposed portion of the current collector that does not carry the active material is partially formed on the electrode for various reasons.
- a double-sided current collector exposed region that does not have an active material layer on both sides, or an active material layer only on one side, in a region from the terminal end 6 a to a predetermined length.
- a single-sided current collector exposed region may be formed. Such an exposed portion can also be used for lead connection.
- the non-linear shape may not be a linear shape, but preferably includes, for example, a continuous shape of a broken line (a series of polyline), a continuous shape of a curve (a series of curve), or a wave shape.
- a continuous shape of a broken line a series of polyline
- a continuous shape of a curve a series of curve
- a wave shape a wave shape
- segments of different broken lines or different curves may be partially included. Further, all the broken line or curved segments may be different from each other. Line segments and curved segments may be mixed.
- the non-linear portion is formed in the terminal portion over 2/3 (66%) or more of the length of the first electrode in the short direction.
- the remaining portion may be a straight line parallel to the short direction DW of the first electrode.
- the entire terminal portion of the first electrode has a non-linear shape.
- the type of waveform is not particularly limited. For example, triangle wave, sawtooth wave, sine wave, trapezoidal wave, square wave, or square wave alternately connected at both ends.
- a continuous shape of a plurality of arcs can be used.
- the non-linear shape may be a shape close to these waveforms.
- FIG. 3 shows an example of a non-linear shape having a triangular wave or zigzag shape.
- the shape formed by connecting the three consecutive turning points P, Q, and R with straight lines may be an equilateral triangle or an isosceles triangle.
- the angle ⁇ formed by the line segment PQ and the line segment QR is 45 to 135 from the viewpoint of obtaining a stress relaxation effect and preventing the active material from dropping from the tip portion and local stress concentration due to being too acute. It is preferable to be °.
- FIG. 4 shows an example of a non-linear shape having a sawtooth wave shape.
- the saw blade shape is formed by a straight line portion L parallel to the longitudinal direction (DL) of the electrode and a hatched portion M intersecting the straight line portion L at an angle ⁇ .
- the angle ⁇ is preferably 45 to 67.5 ° from the same point as described above.
- the tip of the triangular wave (corresponding to the point Q) or the tip of the saw blade wave (blade edge) is preferably rounded, for example, in an arc shape. It is preferable to round the corners of trapezoidal waves and rectangular waves in the same manner. By eliminating the sharp convex shape from the non-linear shape, the tension is more easily dispersed, and the breakage of the second electrode on the outer peripheral side can be more effectively prevented. From the non-linear shape, it is preferable to eliminate at least the acute angle portion.
- the non-linear shape is preferably a point target shape with respect to the center. Such a shape is advantageous for continuous production of the first electrode.
- an electrode is obtained by cutting a first electrode continuous body in which a plurality of long first electrodes are continuous in the longitudinal direction at both ends of each electrode. When one position is cut into a non-linear shape, two non-linear end portions are formed. At this time, if the non-linear shape is point-symmetric, two electrodes having non-linear end portions and equivalent shapes can be obtained. In addition, it is easy to reduce resource loss in manufacturing the first electrode.
- the shape of the sawtooth wave in FIG. 4 is a non-linear shape that is point-symmetric with respect to the center C1.
- FIG. 5 shows an example of a continuous shape of a plurality of circular arcs connected at both ends so as to be alternately in opposite directions.
- FIG. 6 shows a state in which two non-linear end portions are formed by cutting the first electrode continuous body 5A into a non-linear shape at one position.
- Such a shape is a point target shape with respect to the center C2, and does not have a sharp convex shape. Therefore, it is advantageous for continuous production of the first electrode and has a high effect of preventing breakage of the second electrode on the outer peripheral side.
- a non-linear shape of a sine wave is preferable from the same point.
- the wave height (twice the amplitude) is preferably 3 to 15 mm, and more preferably 5 to 10 mm.
- the wavelength is preferably 3 to 45 mm, more preferably 5 to 30 mm. 3 to 5, the wave height is indicated by B and the wavelength is indicated by ⁇ .
- a first electrode continuous body in which a plurality of long first electrodes are continuous in the longitudinal direction is prepared.
- Such a continuum is obtained, for example, by forming a first active material layer in a predetermined pattern on the surface of a first current collector material having a length corresponding to a plurality of first electrodes.
- the long 1st electrode whose one end part in a longitudinal direction is a non-linear shape is cut out from a 1st electrode continuous body. That is, the first electrode for one electrode group is cut out from the first electrode continuous body. At that time, a predetermined cutting position is cut into a non-linear shape.
- Both ends in the longitudinal direction of the first electrode continuum before being used for production of the electrode group are generally linear. Therefore, when the first first electrode is cut out from the continuous body, the first cutting position is cut into a non-linear shape. Next, the second cutting position is cut into a linear shape. Thereafter, cutting in a non-linear shape and cutting in a linear shape are repeated alternately. By such an operation, a first electrode in which one end portion in the longitudinal direction has a non-linear shape and the other end portion has a linear shape is obtained.
- a long second electrode and a long separator are prepared.
- the preparation of the second electrode may be performed by any method. However, as with the first electrode, it is efficient to produce a second electrode continuous body in which a plurality of long second electrodes are continuous in the longitudinal direction, and to cut out the second electrode for one electrode group from the continuous body. It is.
- the electrode group is formed by winding a long first electrode, a long second electrode, and a long separator in a spiral shape using a core. More specifically, the first electrode, the separator, the second electrode, and another separator are overlapped in this order with the end portions of the two separators protruding in the longitudinal direction.
- a spiral electrode group is formed by winding the overlapped first electrode, second electrode, and separator in a state where the end of the protruding separator is sandwiched between a pair of cores.
- the non-linear end of the first electrode is used as the end of the end of the winding.
- a 2nd electrode is arrange
- a first electrode continuum in which a plurality of long first electrodes are continuous in the longitudinal direction, and a second electrode continuum in which a plurality of long second electrodes are continuous in the longitudinal direction;
- a separator continuum having a length corresponding to a plurality of long separators is used. Then, the first electrode, the second electrode, and the separator for one electrode group are rolled out from one end of each continuous body, and are wound around the core.
- FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of an example of the continuous manufacturing process as described above.
- the first electrode continuous body 5A is rolled out.
- the second electrode continuous body 6 ⁇ / b> A is rolled out from the second electrode rolling-out roller 72.
- a pair of separator continuous bodies 7 ⁇ / b> A are rolled out from the separator continuous body winding rollers 73 and 74.
- Each continuum thus spun out travels on the surfaces of the tension rollers 75a, 75b, 75c, and 75d, so that an appropriate tension is applied to each continuum.
- the first electrode continuum 5A, the separator continuum 7A, the second electrode continuum 6A, and another separator continuum 7A are overlapped in this order by the pair of regulating rollers 76,
- the core 70 is scraped off.
- the first electrode at the end position of the n-th first electrode The continuous body 5A is cut.
- the n-th first electrode and the (n + 1) -th first electrode are cut so that non-linear ends are formed.
- the n-th second electrode is disposed further on the outer peripheral side than the non-linear end portion so as to face the non-linear end portion of the first electrode through the n-th separator. .
- the second electrode continuum 6A and the separator continuum 7A are cut at the end positions of the n-th separator and the n-th second electrode.
- the separator continuous body and the second electrode continuous body may be cut at the end position of the separation before the second electrode is disposed so as to face the non-linear end portion of the first electrode.
- FIG. 8 schematically shows an example of the cutting position relationship of each continuum.
- Each continuous body is sequentially cut out from the right side of FIG.
- the n-th first electrode and the (n + 1) -th first electrode are formed with non-linear ends, respectively.
- the end portion of the first electrode continuum 5A formed when the nth first electrode is cut out be the end portion on the side where the next electrode group is rolled.
- the end portions of the second electrode continuum 6A and the separator continuum 7A formed when the nth second electrode and the nth separator are cut out are both ends of the next electrode group. It is efficient as a manufacturing process to be a part.
- the n + 1-th first electrode may be cut out from the first electrode continuum 5A in advance so that the non-linear end portion of the (n + 1) -th first electrode is used as the end portion on the winding end side. That is, the step of cutting the (n + 1) th first electrode from the first electrode continuum may be performed so that linear end portions are formed on the (n + 1) th first electrode and the (n + 2) th first electrode. Then, the (n + 1) th first electrode and the (n + 1) th second electrode are arranged such that the linear end becomes the end on the start side and the non-linear end becomes the end on the end side. Winding from the starting position of the corresponding second electrode continuum to the ending position of the second electrode continuation, interposing between the starting position of the separator continuum corresponding to the (n + 1) th separator to the end position of the piercing. .
- the (n + 1) th second electrode is arranged further on the outer peripheral side than the non-linear end portion of the (n + 1) th first electrode, and the (n + 1) th second electrode is inserted through the (n + 1) th separator. It is made to oppose the edge part of a linear shape. Thereafter, the end positions of the separator continuous body and the second electrode continuous body are cut. Here, the cutting at the end position of the separator continuous body and the second electrode continuous body may be performed before the second electrode is disposed so as to face the non-linear end portion of the first electrode.
- the non-linear end formed when the n-th first electrode is cut out does not necessarily need to be the end of the n + 1-th first electrode.
- a non-linear end portion may be cut out from the first electrode continuous body 5A with a slight width. By cutting off at that time, a linear end portion may be formed, and this may be used as an end portion on the side where the n + 1-th first electrode is rolled.
- FIG. 9 is a perspective view in which a part of the cylindrical lithium ion secondary battery is cut out and a part thereof is developed.
- the lithium ion secondary battery 90 includes an electrode group 14 in which a long or strip-like positive electrode 5 and a long or strip-like negative electrode 6 are wound through a separator 7.
- the electrode group 14 is housed in a bottomed cylindrical metal battery case 1 together with a nonaqueous electrolyte (not shown).
- the positive electrode 5 includes a sheet-like positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer attached to the surface thereof.
- the negative electrode 6 includes a sheet-like negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer attached to the surface thereof.
- the shape of the terminal end portion 5a on the winding end side of the positive electrode 5 is a triangular wave shape or a zigzag shape.
- the positive electrode lead terminal 5 b is electrically connected to the positive electrode 5, and the negative electrode lead terminal 6 b is electrically connected to the negative electrode 6.
- the electrode group 14 is housed in the battery case 1 together with the lower insulating plate 9 with the positive electrode lead terminal 5b led out.
- the sealing plate 2 is welded to the end of the positive electrode lead terminal 5b.
- the sealing plate 2 includes a positive external terminal 12 and a safety mechanism for a PTC element and an explosion-proof valve (not shown).
- the lower insulating plate 9 is sandwiched between the bottom surface of the electrode group 14 and the negative electrode lead terminal 6 b led out from the electrode group 14, and the negative electrode lead terminal 6 b is welded to the inner bottom surface of the battery case 1.
- An upper insulating ring (not shown) is placed on the upper surface of the electrode group 14, and an annular step is formed on the upper side surface of the battery case 1 above the upper insulating ring. Thereby, the electrode group 14 is fixed in the battery case 1.
- a predetermined amount of nonaqueous electrolyte is injected into the battery case 1, and the positive electrode lead terminal 5 b is bent and accommodated in the battery case 1.
- a sealing plate 2 having a gasket 13 at its peripheral edge is placed. Then, the open end of the battery case 1 is crimped inward and sealed to complete a cylindrical lithium ion secondary battery.
- the electrode group 14 includes a positive electrode 5, a separator 7, a negative electrode 6, and another separator 7 that are stacked in this order and wound in a spiral shape using a core (not shown). It is produced by extracting. Only a few separators 7 may be wound for the first few turns (for example, the first to third turns).
- a high-capacity battery has a capacity density (a value obtained by dividing the nominal capacity of the battery by the mass of the battery), for example, 44000 mAh / kg or more, or even 51000 mAh / kg or more.
- the upper limit of the capacity density is about 75000 mAh / kg.
- a high capacity cylindrical battery of 18650 type has a nominal capacity of 2000 mAh or more, preferably 2300 mAh or more. Therefore, the 18650 type battery is suitable for the winding structure described above.
- FIG. 9 illustrates the cylindrical electrode group, but the shape of the electrode group is not limited to this.
- it may be a flat electrode group used for a prismatic battery whose end face perpendicular to the winding axis is oval.
- the positive electrode includes a sheet-like positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer attached to the surface of the positive electrode current collector.
- a known positive electrode current collector for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery applications for example, a metal foil formed of aluminum, aluminum alloy, stainless steel, titanium, titanium alloy, or the like can be used.
- the material of the positive electrode current collector can be appropriately selected in consideration of workability, practical strength, adhesion to the positive electrode active material layer, electronic conductivity, corrosion resistance, and the like.
- the thickness of the positive electrode current collector is, for example, 1 to 100 ⁇ m, preferably 10 to 50 ⁇ m.
- the positive electrode active material layer may contain a conductive agent, a binder, a thickener and the like in addition to the positive electrode active material.
- a lithium-containing transition metal compound that accepts lithium ions as a guest can be used.
- a composite metal oxide of at least one metal selected from cobalt, manganese, nickel, chromium, iron and vanadium and lithium, LiCoO 2 , LiMn 2 O 4 , LiNiO 2 , LiCo x Ni (1-x) O 2 ( 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1), LiCo y M 1-y O 2 (0.6 ⁇ y ⁇ 1), LiNi z M 1-z O 2 (0.6 ⁇ z ⁇ 1), LiCrO 2 , ⁇ LiFeO 2 , LiVO 2 etc. can be illustrated.
- M is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Na, Mg, Sc, Y, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Al, Cr, Pb, Sb and B (in particular, Mg and / or Al).
- the positive electrode active materials can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the binder is not particularly limited as long as it can be dissolved or dispersed in the dispersion medium by kneading.
- the binder include fluororesins, rubbers, acrylic polymers or vinyl polymers (monomers or copolymers of monomers such as acrylic monomers such as methyl acrylate and acrylonitrile, vinyl monomers such as vinyl acetate, etc.). it can.
- the fluororesin include polyvinylidene fluoride, a copolymer of vinylidene fluoride and propylene hexafluoride, and polytetrafluoroethylene.
- rubbers include acrylic rubber, modified acrylonitrile rubber, and styrene butadiene rubber (SBR). You may use a binder individually or in combination of 2 or more types.
- the binder may be used in the form of a dispersion dispersed in a dispersion medium.
- Examples of the conductive agent include acetylene black, ketjen black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black, thermal black and other carbon blacks; various graphites such as natural graphite and artificial graphite; conductive fibers such as carbon fibers and metal fibers Can be used.
- a thickener may be used as necessary.
- the thickener include ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymers, cellulose derivatives (carboxymethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, etc.) and the like.
- the dispersion medium is not particularly limited as long as the binder can be dissolved or dispersed, and either an organic solvent or water (including warm water) can be used depending on the affinity of the binder for the dispersion medium.
- the organic solvent include N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone; ethers such as tetrahydrofuran; ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone and cyclohexanone; amides such as N, N-dimethylformamide and dimethylacetamide; sulfoxides such as dimethyl sulfoxide; Examples include tetramethylurea. You may use a dispersion medium individually or in combination of 2 or more types.
- the positive electrode active material layer prepares a slurry-like mixture in which a positive electrode active material and, if necessary, a binder, a conductive agent and / or a thickener are kneaded and dispersed together with a dispersion medium. It can be formed by attaching to the positive electrode current collector. Specifically, the positive electrode active material layer can be formed by applying a mixture to the surface of the positive electrode current collector by a known coating method, drying, and rolling if necessary. Part of the positive electrode current collector is formed with a portion where the surface of the current collector is exposed without forming the positive electrode active material layer, and the positive electrode lead is welded to the exposed portion.
- the positive electrode is preferably superior in flexibility.
- the mixture can be applied using a known coater, for example, a slit die coater, a reverse roll coater, a lip coater, a blade coater, a knife coater, a gravure coater, or a dip coater. Drying after coating is preferably performed under conditions close to natural drying, but may be dried at a temperature range of 70 ° C. to 200 ° C. for 10 minutes to 5 hours in consideration of productivity.
- the active material layer can be rolled by, for example, using a roll press machine and repeating the rolling several times under a condition of a linear pressure of 1000 to 2000 kgf / cm (19.6 kN / cm) until a predetermined thickness is reached. . If necessary, the linear pressure may be changed and rolled.
- the positive electrode active material layer can be formed on one side or both sides of the positive electrode current collector.
- the active material density in the positive electrode active material layer is 3 to 4 g / ml, preferably 3.4 to 3.9 g / ml, 3.5 to 3.7 g / ml when a lithium-containing transition metal compound is used as the active material. is there.
- the thickness of the positive electrode is, for example, 70 to 250 ⁇ m, preferably 100 to 210 ⁇ m.
- the negative electrode includes a sheet-like negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer attached to the surface of the negative electrode current collector.
- the negative electrode current collector include known negative electrode current collectors for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery applications, such as metal foils formed of copper, copper alloys, nickel, nickel alloys, stainless steel, aluminum, aluminum alloys, and the like. Can be used.
- the negative electrode current collector is preferably a copper foil or a metal foil made of a copper alloy in consideration of processability, practical strength, adhesion to the negative electrode active material layer, electronic conductivity, and the like.
- the form of the current collector is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, a rolled foil, an electrolytic foil, a perforated foil, an expanded material, a lath material, or the like.
- the thickness of the negative electrode current collector is, for example, 1 to 100 ⁇ m, preferably 2 to 50 ⁇ m.
- the negative electrode active material layer may contain a conductive agent, a binder, a thickener and the like in addition to the negative electrode active material.
- a material having a graphite type crystal structure capable of reversibly occluding and releasing lithium ions such as natural graphite, spherical or fibrous artificial graphite, non-graphitizable carbon (hard carbon), easy graphite Examples thereof include carbon materials such as carbonizable carbon (soft carbon).
- a carbon material having a graphite-type crystal structure in which a lattice spacing (002) interval (d002) is 0.3350 to 0.3400 nm is preferable.
- silicon; silicon-containing compounds such as silicide; lithium alloys containing at least one selected from tin, aluminum, zinc, and magnesium, and various alloy composition materials can also be used.
- Examples of the silicon-containing compound include silicon oxide SiO ⁇ (0.05 ⁇ ⁇ 1.95). ⁇ is preferably 0.1 to 1.8, more preferably 0.15 to 1.6. In the silicon oxide, a part of silicon may be substituted with one or more elements. Examples of such elements include B, Mg, Ni, Co, Ca, Fe, Mn, Zn, C, N, and Sn.
- negative electrode binder conductive agent, thickener and dispersion medium, those exemplified for the positive electrode can be used.
- the negative electrode active material layer is not limited to the coating using a binder or the like, but can be formed by a known method.
- the negative electrode active material may be formed by depositing on the current collector surface by a vapor phase method such as a vacuum deposition method, a sputtering method, or an ion plating method.
- a slurry-like mixture containing a negative electrode active material, a binder, and, if necessary, a conductive material may be formed by a method similar to that for the positive electrode active material layer.
- the negative electrode active material layer may be formed on one side of the negative electrode current collector or on both sides.
- the active material density is 1.3 to 2 g / ml, preferably 1.4 to 1.9 g / ml, more preferably 1 .5 to 1.8 g / ml.
- the thickness of the negative electrode is, for example, 100 to 250 ⁇ m, preferably 110 to 210 ⁇ m. A flexible negative electrode is preferred.
- the thickness of the separator can be selected, for example, from the range of 5 to 35 ⁇ m, and preferably 10 to 30 ⁇ m, or 12 to 20 ⁇ m. If the thickness of the separator is too small, a minute short circuit tends to occur inside the battery. If the thickness is too large, the thickness of the positive electrode and the negative electrode needs to be reduced, and the battery capacity may be insufficient.
- the separator material is a polyolefin-based material or a combination of a polyolefin-based material and a heat-resistant material.
- a polyolefin porous membranes that are widely used as separators
- the polyolefin softens, clogging the pores of the membrane, losing ionic conductivity, and so-called shutdown.
- meltdown occurs in which the polyolefin melts, resulting in a short circuit between the positive and negative electrodes. Both shutdown and meltdown are due to the softening or melting characteristics of the resin comprising the separator. Therefore, in order to effectively prevent meltdown while enhancing the shutdown function, a composite film combining a polyolefin porous film and a heat resistant porous film may be used as a separator.
- polyolefin porous membranes examples include polyethylene, polypropylene, and ethylene-propylene copolymer porous membranes. These resins can be used alone or in combination of two or more. If necessary, other thermoplastic polymers may be used in combination with the polyolefin.
- the polyolefin porous film may be a porous film made of polyolefin, or a woven or non-woven fabric formed of polyolefin fibers.
- the porous film is formed, for example, by forming a molten resin into a sheet and stretching it uniaxially or biaxially.
- Each of the polyolefin porous films may be a single layer (a porous film composed of one porous polyolefin layer) or may include a plurality of porous polyolefin layers.
- the heat resistant porous film a single film of a heat resistant resin or an inorganic filler, or a mixture of a heat resistant resin and an inorganic filler can be used.
- heat-resistant resins include aromatic polyamides such as polyarylate and aramid (fully aromatic polyamides); polyimide resins such as polyimide, polyamideimide, polyetherimide, and polyesterimide; aromatic polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate; polyphenylene sulfide; Polyether nitrile; polyether ether ketone; polybenzimidazole and the like.
- the heat resistant resins can be used alone or in combination of two or more. From the viewpoint of nonaqueous electrolyte retention and heat resistance, aramid, polyimide, polyamideimide and the like are preferable.
- the heat-resistant resin includes a resin having a heat distortion temperature calculated at a load of 1.82 MPa and a heat distortion temperature of 260 ° C. or higher in a deflection temperature measurement according to the testing method ASTM-D648 of the American Society for Testing Materials. It can be illustrated.
- the upper limit of the heat distortion temperature is not particularly limited, but is about 400 ° C. from the viewpoint of the separator characteristics and the thermal decomposability of the resin. The higher the heat distortion temperature, the easier it is to maintain the separator shape even if heat shrinkage or the like occurs in the polyolefin porous membrane.
- a resin having a heat distortion temperature of 260 ° C. or higher sufficiently high thermal stability can be exhibited even when the battery temperature rises due to heat storage during overheating (usually about 180 ° C.).
- the inorganic filler examples include metal oxides such as iron oxide; ceramics such as silica, alumina, titania and zeolite; mineral fillers such as talc and mica; carbon fillers such as activated carbon and carbon fiber; Examples thereof include carbides; nitrides such as silicon nitride; glass fibers, glass beads, and glass flakes.
- the form of the inorganic filler is not particularly limited, and may be granular or powdery, fibrous, flaky, massive or the like. An inorganic filler can be used by 1 type or in combination of 2 or more types.
- the proportion of the inorganic filler is, for example, 50 to 400 parts by weight, preferably 80 to 300 parts by weight, with respect to 100 parts by weight of the heat resistant resin. .
- the thickness of the heat resistant porous membrane is 1 to 16 ⁇ m, preferably 2 to 10 ⁇ m, from the viewpoint of the balance between safety against internal short circuit and electric capacity.
- thickness is too small, the inhibitory effect with respect to the heat shrink of the polyolefin porous membrane in a high temperature environment will become low.
- the heat-resistant porous film has a relatively low porosity and ionic conductivity, if the thickness is too large, the impedance increases and the charge / discharge characteristics deteriorate.
- the thickness of the polyolefin porous membrane is 2 to 17 ⁇ m, preferably 3 to 10 ⁇ m, from the viewpoint of pulling out the core and shutdown property. Since the heat resistant porous membrane is harder than the polyolefin porous membrane, it is preferably smaller than the thickness of the polyolefin porous membrane. However, if the thickness of the polyolefin porous film is too large, the polyolefin porous film is greatly contracted and the heat-resistant porous layer is easily pulled when the battery is heated to a high temperature.
- the thickness of the polyolefin porous membrane is, for example, 1.5 to 8 times, preferably 2 to 7 times, more preferably 3 to 6 times the thickness of the heat resistant porous membrane.
- the porosity of the polyolefin porous membrane is, for example, 20 to 80%, preferably 30 to 70%.
- the average pore diameter in the polyolefin porous membrane can be selected from the range of 0.01 to 10 ⁇ m, preferably 0.05 to 5 ⁇ m, from the viewpoint of achieving both ionic conductivity and mechanical strength.
- the porosity of the heat resistant porous membrane is, for example, 20 to 70%, preferably 25 to 65%, from the viewpoint of sufficiently securing the mobility of lithium ions.
- the separator may contain a conventional additive (such as an antioxidant).
- the additive may be contained in any of the heat resistant porous membrane and the polyolefin porous membrane.
- examples of such an antioxidant include at least one selected from the group consisting of a phenolic antioxidant, a phosphoric acid antioxidant, and a sulfur antioxidant. You may use together a phenolic antioxidant, a phosphoric acid type antioxidant, or a sulfur type antioxidant. Sulfur-based antioxidants are highly compatible with polyolefins. Therefore, it is preferable to make it contain in polyolefin porous membrane (polypropylene porous membrane etc.).
- phenolic antioxidants examples include 2,6-di-t-butyl-p-cresol, 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-ethylphenol, triethylene glycol-bis [3- (3- Examples thereof include hindered phenol compounds such as t-butyl-5-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate] and n-octadecyl-3- (3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate.
- sulfur-based antioxidant examples include dilauryl thiodipropionate, distearyl thiodipropionate, and dimyristyl thiodipropionate.
- phosphoric acid antioxidant tris (2,4-di-t-butylphenyl) phosphite is preferable.
- Non-aqueous electrolyte The nonaqueous electrolyte is prepared by dissolving a lithium salt in a nonaqueous solvent.
- the non-aqueous solvent include cyclic carbonates such as ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, and butylene carbonate; chain carbonates such as dimethyl carbonate and diethyl carbonate; lactones such as ⁇ -butyrolactone; halogenated alkanes such as 1,2-dichloroethane; Alkoxyalkanes such as 1,2-dimethoxyethane and 1,3-dimethoxypropane; ketones such as 4-methyl-2-pentanone; ethers such as 1,4-dioxane, tetrahydrofuran and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran; acetonitrile, propionitrile Nitriles such as butyronitrile, valeronitrile and benzonitrile; sulfolane, 3-methyl-sulfolane; amide
- lithium salts having a strong electron-withdrawing property such as LiPF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiClO 4 , LiAsF 6 , LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiN (SO 2 CF 3 ) 2 , LiN (SO 2 C 2 F 5 ). 2 and LiC (SO 2 CF 3 ) 3 .
- a lithium salt can be used individually or in combination of 2 or more types.
- the concentration of the lithium salt in the nonaqueous electrolyte is, for example, 0.5 to 1.5M, preferably 0.7 to 1.2M.
- An additive may be appropriately added to the nonaqueous electrolyte.
- vinylene carbonate (VC), cyclohexylbenzene (CHB), and modified products thereof may be used.
- VC vinylene carbonate
- CHB cyclohexylbenzene
- modified products thereof may be used.
- an additive that acts when the lithium ion secondary battery is overcharged for example, terphenyl, cyclohexylbenzene, diphenyl ether, or the like may be used.
- the additives may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the ratio of these additives is not particularly limited, but is, for example, about 0.05 to 10% by weight with respect to the non-aqueous electrolyte.
- a cylindrical case or a square case having an open upper end can be mentioned.
- the material of the case is preferably an aluminum alloy containing a small amount of a metal such as manganese or copper, or a steel plate with an inexpensive nickel plating, from the viewpoint of pressure strength.
- Example 1 Preparation of positive electrode (first electrode) An appropriate amount of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, 100 parts by weight of lithium cobaltate as a positive electrode active material, 2 parts by weight of acetylene black as a conductive agent, and polyfluoride as a binder. 3 parts by weight of vinylidene chloride resin was added and kneaded to prepare a slurry mixture. This slurry was intermittently applied to both sides of a strip-shaped aluminum foil (thickness: 15 ⁇ m) having a length corresponding to a plurality of positive electrodes, and dried.
- first electrode An appropriate amount of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, 100 parts by weight of lithium cobaltate as a positive electrode active material, 2 parts by weight of acetylene black as a conductive agent, and polyfluoride as a binder. 3 parts by weight of vinylidene chloride resin was added and kneaded to prepare a slurry mixture. This slurry was intermittently applied to both
- a positive electrode 5 having a width of 57 mm and a length of 620 mm was cut out from the obtained positive electrode continuous body to obtain a positive electrode 5.
- the end portion 5a at the end of the cutting was cut into a zigzag structure as shown in FIG.
- the edge portion on the starting side was a linear shape.
- the active material density of the positive electrode active material layer was 3.6 g / ml.
- the wave height B was 10 mm and the wavelength ⁇ was 10 mm.
- the angle corresponding to the angle ⁇ formed by the line segment PQ and the line segment QR in FIG. 3 is about 53.2 °.
- the positive electrode lead terminal 5b made of aluminum was ultrasonically welded to the exposed portion of the aluminum foil on which the positive electrode active material layer was not disposed.
- An insulating tape made of polypropylene resin was attached to the ultrasonic welded portion so as to cover the positive electrode lead terminal 5b.
- the negative electrode lead terminal 6b made of nickel was resistance-welded to the exposed portion of the copper foil on which the negative electrode active material layer was not disposed.
- An insulation tape made of polypropylene resin was attached to the resistance welded portion so as to cover the negative electrode lead terminal 6b.
- a composite membrane of a polyethylene polymembrane and an aramid heat-resistant porous membrane was produced. Specifically, an N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) solution of aramid containing calcium chloride is applied to one surface of a polyethylene porous membrane (thickness 16.5 ⁇ m) at a ratio such that the separator thickness is 20 ⁇ m. It was applied and then dried. Further, the obtained laminate was washed with water to remove calcium chloride, thereby forming micropores in the layer containing aramid, followed by drying to obtain a heat-resistant porous film. The obtained separator 7 was cut into a size of 60.9 mm in width and sufficiently longer than the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- the NMP solution of aramid was prepared as follows. First, in a reaction tank, a predetermined amount of dry anhydrous calcium chloride was added to an appropriate amount of NMP and heated to be completely dissolved. After returning the NMP solution of calcium chloride to room temperature, a predetermined amount of paraphenylenediamine (PPD) was added and completely dissolved. Next, terephthalic acid dichloride (TPC) was dropped into the solution little by little, and polyparaphenylene terephthalamide (PPTA) was synthesized by a polymerization reaction. After completion of the reaction, the mixture was deaerated by stirring for 30 minutes under reduced pressure. The obtained polymerization solution was further appropriately diluted with an NMP solution of calcium chloride to prepare an NMP solution of an aramid resin.
- TPC terephthalic acid dichloride
- PPTA polyparaphenylene terephthalamide
- the positive electrode 5 and the negative electrode 6 were wound in a spiral shape with a separator 7 interposed therebetween to form an electrode group 14.
- the positive electrode 5, the separator 7, the negative electrode 6, and another separator 7 were protruded in this order from the positive electrode 5 and the negative electrode 6 in the longitudinal direction of the two separators.
- the ends of the two separators that protruded were sandwiched between a pair of cores, and the laminate was wound using the cores as winding axes, thereby forming a spiral electrode group 14.
- the negative electrode was disposed further on the outer peripheral side than the non-linear end portion of the positive electrode, and the negative electrode was opposed to the non-linear end portion.
- the separator was cut, the holding by the core was loosened, and the core was removed from the electrode group.
- the length of each separator was 700 to 720 mm.
- a cylindrical lithium ion secondary battery as shown in FIG. 9 was produced.
- an electrode group 14 and a lower insulating plate 9 are placed on a metal battery case (diameter: 17.8 mm, total height: 64.8 mm) 1 produced by press molding from a nickel-plated steel plate (wall thickness: 0.20 mm). Stowed.
- the lower insulating plate 9 was sandwiched between the bottom surface of the electrode group 14 and the negative electrode lead terminal 6 b led out downward from the electrode group 14.
- the negative electrode lead terminal 6 b was resistance welded to the inner bottom surface of the battery case 1.
- the upper insulating ring was placed on the upper surface of the electrode group 14 housed in the battery case 1.
- An annular step was formed above the upper insulating ring and on the upper side surface of the battery case 1, and the electrode group 14 was fixed in the case 1.
- the positive electrode lead terminal 5 b led out above the battery case 1 was laser welded to the sealing plate 2.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte was injected into the battery case 1.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte is prepared by dissolving LiPF 6 in a mixed solvent of ethylene carbonate (EC) and ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) (volume ratio 2: 1) to a concentration of 1.0 M, and cyclohexylbenzene. It was prepared by adding 0.5% by weight.
- EC ethylene carbonate
- EMC ethyl methyl carbonate
- the positive electrode lead terminal 5b was bent and accommodated in the battery case 1, and the sealing plate 2 provided with the gasket 13 on the peripheral edge was placed above the annular stepped portion.
- the battery case was completed by crimping the opening edge part of the battery case 1 inward, and sealing.
- This battery is a 18650 type having a diameter of 18.1 mm and a height of 65.0 mm, and has a nominal capacity of 2800 mAh. 300 same cylindrical lithium ion secondary batteries were produced.
- Example 2 300 nonaqueous electrolyte secondary batteries were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the terminal portion 5a of the positive electrode 5 was cut into a shape as shown in FIG.
- the angle corresponding to the angle ⁇ formed by the straight line portion L and the shaded portion M in FIG. 4 was 45 °.
- the wave height B was 10 mm and the wavelength ⁇ was 10 mm.
- Example 3 300 non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the terminal portion 5a of the positive electrode 5 was cut into a shape as shown in FIG.
- the wave height B was 10 mm and the wavelength ⁇ was 20 mm.
- Example 1 300 nonaqueous electrolyte secondary batteries were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the terminal portion of the positive electrode 5 was cut into a normal linear shape.
- Comparative Example 1 39 out of 300 had a sudden capacity drop by the end of 200 cycles.
- the capacity retention rate of Comparative Example 1 is an average value of 261 batteries.
- the batteries that caused a sudden capacity reduction were disassembled and the electrodes were observed, in all the batteries, the portion of the outermost negative electrode facing the terminal portion of the inner positive electrode was completely torn.
- 10 batteries of Comparative Example 1 in which a sudden capacity reduction did not occur before the elapse of 500 cycles were arbitrarily selected and disassembled. When the electrodes were observed, partial tearing was observed in all the batteries, although not until complete cutting.
- the non-linear shape of the terminal end of the positive electrode is a shape in which the same shape is periodically continued or a point-target shape, but is not limited thereto. For example, it may be a combination of different shapes or an asymmetric shape.
- the negative electrode was arrange
- the present invention is useful for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery including an electrode group in which a long positive electrode, a long negative electrode, and a long separator interposed therebetween are wound in a spiral shape. It is particularly useful for a high-capacity non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery using a positive electrode or a negative electrode with a large amount of active material.
- 1 battery case
- 2 sealing plate
- 5 first electrode (positive electrode), 5A: first electrode continuum
- 5a terminal portion
- 5b positive electrode lead terminal
- 6 second electrode (negative electrode)
- 6A first 2 electrode continuum
- 6b negative electrode lead terminal
- 7 separator
- 7A separator continuum
- 9 lower insulating plate
- 12 positive external terminal
- 13 gasket
- 14 electrode group
- 71 first 1 electrode feed roller
- 72 second electrode feed roller
- 73, 74 separator continuous body feed roller
- 75 tension roller
- 76 regulating roller
- 90 lithium ion secondary battery
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Abstract
Description
非直線形状は、直線形状でなければよいが、例えば、折れ線の連続形状(a series of polyline)、曲線の連続形状(a series of curve)、または波形状を含むことが好ましい。特に、ジグザグ形状もしくは波形状のように、同じ形状が連続する場合には、外周側の第2電極に局所的な応力が印加されるのを効果的に防止できる。また、外周側の第2電極に印加される応力を均等に分散しやすくなる。
まず、複数の長尺の第1電極が長手方向に連なる第1電極連続体を準備する。このような連続体は、例えば、第1電極の複数個分の長さを有する第1集電体材料の表面に、所定のパターンで第1活物質層を形成することにより得られる。次に、第1電極連続体から、長手方向における一方の端部が非直線形状である、長尺の第1電極を切り出す。すなわち、第1電極連続体から、電極群1個分の第1電極が切り出される。その際、所定の切断位置を非直線形状に切断する。
第1電極捲き出しローラ71からは第1電極連続体5Aが捲き出される。第2電極捲き出しローラ72からは第2電極連続体6Aが捲き出される。セパレータ連続体捲き出しローラ73、74からは、一対のセパレータ連続体7Aが捲き出される。捲き出された各連続体が、それぞれテンションローラ75a、75b、75cおよび75dの表面を走行することで、各連続体に適度なテンションが付与される。その状態で、第1電極連続体5Aと、セパレータ連続体7Aと、第2電極連続体6Aと、別のセパレータ連続体7Aとが、一対の規制ローラ76により、この順序で、重ね合わされ、捲芯70に捲き取られる。
各連続体は、図8の右側から、順次、切り出される。上記のような方法では、n番目の第1電極を第1電極連続体5Aから切り出す際に、n番目の第1電極およびn+1番目の第1電極に、それぞれ非直線形状の端部が形成される。つまり、n番目の第1電極が切り出された際に形成される第1電極連続体5Aの端部は、次の電極群の捲き終わり側の終端部とすることが望まれる。一方、n番目の第2電極およびn番目のセパレータが切り出された際に形成される第2電極連続体6Aおよびセパレータ連続体7Aの端部は、いずれも次の電極群の捲き始め側の端部とすることが、製造工程として効率的である。
図9は、円筒型リチウムイオン二次電池の一部を切り欠き、一部を展開した斜視図である。リチウムイオン二次電池90は、長尺もしくは帯状の正極5と、長尺もしくは帯状の負極6とがセパレータ7を介して捲回された電極群14を備えている。電極群14は、非水電解質(図示せず)とともに有底円筒型の金属製電池ケース1に収容されている。正極5は、シート状の正極集電体とその表面に付着した正極活物質層とを備えている。負極6は、シート状の負極集電体とその表面に付着した負極活物質層とを備えている。ここでは、正極5の捲き終わり側の終端部5aの形状が三角波形状もしくはジグザグ形状となっている。
(正極)
正極は、シート状の正極集電体と、正極集電体の表面に付着した正極活物質層とを含む。正極集電体としては、非水電解質二次電池用途で公知の正極集電体、例えば、アルミニウム、アルミニウム合金、ステンレス鋼、チタン、チタン合金などで形成された金属箔などが使用できる。正極集電体の材料は、加工性、実用強度、正極活物質層との密着性、電子伝導性、耐食性などを考慮して適宜選択できる。正極集電体の厚みは、例えば、1~100μm、好ましくは10~50μmである。
正極の厚みは、例えば、70~250μm、好ましくは100~210μmである。
負極は、シート状の負極集電体と、負極集電体の表面に付着した負極活物質層とを含む。負極集電体としては、非水電解質二次電池用途で公知の負極集電体、例えば、銅、銅合金、ニッケル、ニッケル合金、ステンレス鋼、アルミニウム、アルミニウム合金などで形成された金属箔などが使用できる。負極集電体は、加工性、実用強度、負極活物質層との密着性、電子伝導性などを考慮して、銅箔、銅合金からなる金属箔などが好ましい。集電体の形態は特に制限されず、例えば、圧延箔、電解箔などであってもよく、孔開き箔、エキスパンド材、ラス材などであってもよい。負極集電体の厚みは、例えば、1~100μm、好ましくは2~50μmである。
負極の厚みは、例えば、100~250μm、好ましくは110~210μmである。柔軟性を有する負極が好ましい。
セパレータの厚みは、例えば、5~35μmの範囲から選択でき、好ましくは10~30μm、又は12~20μmであってもよい。セパレータの厚みが小さすぎると、電池内部で、微小な短絡が発生しやすくなり、大きすぎると、正極及び負極の厚みを小さくする必要が生じ、電池容量が不十分となる場合がある。
非水電解質は、非水溶媒にリチウム塩を溶解することにより調製される。非水溶媒としては、例えば、エチレンカーボネート、プロピレンカーボネート、ブチレンカーボネートなどの環状カーボネート;ジメチルカーボネート、ジエチルカーボネートなどの鎖状カーボネート;γ-ブチロラクトンなどのラクトン;1,2-ジクロロエタンなどのハロゲン化アルカン;1,2-ジメトキシエタン、1,3-ジメトキシプロパンなどのアルコキシアルカン;4-メチル-2-ペンタノンなどのケトン;1,4-ジオキサン、テトラヒドロフラン、2-メチルテトラヒドロフランなどのエーテル;アセトニトリル、プロピオニトリル、ブチロニトリル、バレロニトリル、ベンゾニトリルなどのニトリル;スルホラン、3-メチル-スルホラン;ジメチルホルムアミドなどのアミド;ジメチルスルホキシドなどのスルホキシド;リン酸トリメチル、リン酸トリエチルなどのリン酸アルキルエステルなどが例示できる。非水溶媒は、単独で又は二種以上組み合わせて使用できる。
(1)正極(第1電極)の作製
適量のN-メチル-2-ピロリドンに、正極活物質としてコバルト酸リチウムを100重量部、導電剤としてアセチレンブラックを2重量部、及び結着剤としてポリフッ化ビニリデン樹脂を3重量部加えて混練し、スラリー状の合剤を調製した。このスラリーを、正極複数個分の長さを有する帯状のアルミニウム箔(厚さ15μm)の両面に対して、正極1個分毎に、間欠的に塗布し、乾燥した。次いで、線圧1000kgf/cm(9.8kN/cm)で、2~3回圧延を行い、厚みを180μmに調整した。得られた正極連続体から幅57mm、長さ620mmのサイズの正極を切り出すことにより、正極5を得た。この際、捲き終わり側の終端部5aを、図3に示すようなジグザグ構造に切断した。捲き始め側の端部は直線形状とした。正極活物質層の活物質密度は、3.6g/mlであった。
波高Bは10mm、波長λは10mmとした。このとき、図3の線分PQと線分QRが成す角度αに対応する角度は約53.2°となる。
適量の水に、負極活物質としてリチウムを吸蔵及び放出可能な鱗片状黒鉛を100重量部、結着剤としてスチレンブタジエンゴム(SBR)の水性ディスパージョンを固形分として1重量部、増粘剤としてカルボキシメチルセルロースナトリウムを1重量部加えて混練し、スラリー状の合剤を調製した。このスラリーを、負極複数枚分の長さを有する帯状の銅箔(厚さ10μm)の両面に対して、負極1枚分毎に、間欠的に塗布し、110℃で30分間乾燥した。次いで、線圧110kgf/cm(1.08kN/cm)で、2~3回圧延を行い、厚みを174μmに調整した。得られた負極連続体から幅59mm、長さ645mmのサイズの負極を切り出すことにより、負極6を得た。この際、捲き始め側および捲き終り側の端部は、いずれも直線形状とした。負極活物質層の活物質密度は、1.6g/mlであった。
ポリエチレン多項膜とアラミド製の耐熱性多孔膜との複合膜を作製した。具体的には、ポリエチレン多孔膜(厚み16.5μm)の一方の表面に、セパレータの厚みが20μmとなるような割合で、塩化カルシウムを含むアラミドのN-メチル-2-ピロリドン(NMP)溶液を塗布し、その後、乾燥させた。さらに、得られた積層体を水洗して塩化カルシウムを除去することにより、アラミドを含む層に微孔を形成し、乾燥させ、耐熱性多孔膜とした。得られたセパレータ7を、幅60.9mm、かつ正極および負極より十分に長いサイズにカットした。
まず、反応槽内で、適量のNMPに対し、所定量の乾燥した無水塩化カルシウムを添加し、加温して完全に溶解させた。この塩化カルシウムのNMP溶液を常温に戻した後、パラフェニレンジアミン(PPD)を所定量添加し、完全に溶解させた。次に、溶液にテレフタル酸ジクロライド(TPC)を、少しずつ滴下し、重合反応によりポリパラフェニレンテレフタルアミド(PPTA)を合成した。反応終了後、減圧下で30分間撹拌して脱気した。得られた重合液を、さらに、塩化カルシウムのNMP溶液にて、適宜希釈することにより、アラミド樹脂のNMP溶解液を調製した。
正極5と負極6とを、これらの間に、セパレータ7を介在させて、渦捲状に捲回して電極群14を構成した。具体的には、正極5と、セパレータ7と、負極6と、別のセパレータ7とを、この順序で、2枚のセパレータの長手方向における端部を、正極5および負極6よりも突出させた状態で、重ね合わせた。突出した2枚のセパレータの端部を、一対の捲芯で挟持し、捲芯を捲回軸として積層物を捲回することにより、渦捲状の電極群14を形成した。その際、正極の非直線形状の終端部よりも、さらに外周側に負極を配置し、非直線形状の終端部に負極を対向させた。捲回後、セパレータを裁断し、捲芯による挟持を緩め、電極群から捲芯を抜き取った。
なお、電極群において、セパレータの長さは、それぞれ700~720mmであった。
電極群14を用いて、図9に示すような円筒型リチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。
まず、ニッケルメッキした鋼鈑(肉厚0.20mm)から、プレス成型により作製した金属製の電池ケース(直径17.8mm、総高64.8mm)1に、電極群14および下部絶縁板9を収納した。このとき、下部絶縁板9は、電極群14の底面と電極群14から下方に導出された負極リード端子6bとの間に挟持させた。負極リード端子6bは、電池ケース1の内底面と抵抗溶接した。
正極5の終端部5aを、図4に示すような形状に切断したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして非水電解質二次電池を300個作製した。
図4の直線部Lと斜線部Mが成す角度θに対応する角度は45°とした。
また、波高Bは10mm、波長λは10mmとした。
正極5の終端部5aを、図5に示すような形状に切断したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして非水電解質二次電池を300個作製した。
波高Bは10mm、波長λは20mmとした。
正極5の終端部を、通常の直線形状に切断したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして非水電解質二次電池を300個作製した。
充放電試験は、45℃の恒温槽中で、充電レート0.8C相当、放電レート1C相当として行った。放電容量はサイクルごとに測定し、500サイクルまで測定を行った。500サイクル経過した電池の放電容量の、初期放電容量に対する容量維持率を算出した。そして、電池300個の容量維持率の平均値を求めた。結果を表1に示す。
Claims (8)
- 長尺の第1電極と、長尺の第2電極と、前記第1電極と前記第2電極との間に介在する長尺のセパレータと、を渦捲状に捲回した電極群、および、非水電解質を備え、
前記第1電極は、シート状の第1集電体と、前記第1集電体の表面に配された第1活物質層とを含み、
前記第2電極は、シート状の第2集電体と、前記第2集電体の表面に配された第2活物質層とを含み、
前記電極群の捲き終わり側の前記第1電極の終端部が、非直線形状であり、かつ、前記終端部よりもさらに外周側に配置される前記第2電極と前記セパレータを介して対向している、非水電解質二次電池。 - 前記非直線形状が、折れ線または曲線の連続形状を含む、請求項1記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記非直線形状が、波形状を含む、請求項1記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記波形状が、三角波、ノコギリ刃波、正弦波、台形波、矩形波または交互に逆方向になるように両端で連結された複数の円弧の連続形状である、請求項3記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記非直線形状が、その中心に対して点対称形状である、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 複数の長尺の第1電極が長手方向に連なる第1電極連続体を準備する工程と、
前記第1電極連続体から、長手方向における一方の端部が非直線形状である、長尺の第1電極を切り出す工程と、
長尺の第2電極を準備する工程と、
長尺のセパレータを準備する工程と、
前記第1電極と、前記第2電極と、これらの間に介在する前記セパレータとを、前記第1電極の非直線形状の端部が捲き終わり側の終端部になり、かつ前記第2電極が前記終端部よりもさらに外周側に配置され、前記セパレータを介して、前記終端部と対向するように、渦捲状に捲回する工程と、を含む、非水電解液二次電池の製造方法。 - 複数の長尺の第1電極が長手方向に連なる第1電極連続体を準備する工程と、
複数の長尺の第2電極が長手方向に連なる第2電極連続体を準備する工程と、
複数の長尺のセパレータの複数個分の長さを有するセパレータ連続体を準備する工程と、
前記第1電極連続体と、前記第2電極連続体と、これらの間に介在する前記セパレータ連続体とを、それぞれn番目の第1電極、n番目の第2電極およびn番目のセパレータに対応する、捲き始め位置から捲き終わり位置まで、渦捲状に捲回する工程と、
前記n番目の第1電極の捲き終わり位置で、前記n番目の第1電極およびn+1番目の第1電極に非直線形状の端部が形成されるように、前記第1電極連続体を切断する工程と、
前記n番目の第2電極が、前記非直線形状の端部よりもさらに外周側に配置され、前記n番目の第2電極が、前記n番目のセパレータを介して、前記非直線形状の端部と対向するように、前記セパレータ連続体および前記第2電極連続体の前記捲き終わり位置を、それぞれ切断する工程と、を含む、非水電解液二次電池の製造方法。 - 更に、前記n+1番目の第1電極およびn+2番目の第1電極に直線形状の端部が形成されるように、前記第1電極連続体からn+1番目の第1電極を切り出す工程と、
前記n+1番目の第1電極の非直線形状の端部が捲き終わり側の終端部になるように、前記n+1番目の第1電極と、n+1番目の第2電極に対応する前記第2電極連続体の捲き始め位置から捲き終わり位置までとを、これらの間に、n+1番目のセパレータに対応するセパレータ連続体の捲き始め位置から捲き終わり位置までを介在させて、渦捲状に捲回する工程と、
前記n+1番目の第2電極が、前記非直線形状の端部よりもさらに外周側に配置され、前記n+1番目の第2電極が、前記n+1番目のセパレータを介して、前記非直線形状の端部と対向するように、前記セパレータ連続体および前記第2電極連続体の前記捲き終わり位置を、それぞれ切断する工程と、を含む、請求項7記載の非水電解液二次電池の製造方法。
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JP3637408B2 (ja) * | 1997-03-27 | 2005-04-13 | 宇部興産株式会社 | シート状電極とこれを用いた電池 |
CN101339983B (zh) * | 2007-07-03 | 2012-07-04 | 深圳市比克电池有限公司 | 一种卷绕式电池极组及包括该电池极组的电池 |
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2011
- 2011-08-08 JP JP2012523154A patent/JP5129412B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-08-08 US US13/510,816 patent/US20120225337A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2011-08-08 WO PCT/JP2011/004496 patent/WO2012039091A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2011-08-08 CN CN2011800044199A patent/CN102612783A/zh active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
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JPS62123665A (ja) * | 1985-11-25 | 1987-06-04 | Hitachi Maxell Ltd | 渦巻形リチウム二次電池の製造方法 |
JP2005268139A (ja) * | 2004-03-22 | 2005-09-29 | Shin Kobe Electric Mach Co Ltd | 捲回式電池 |
JP2005353520A (ja) * | 2004-06-14 | 2005-12-22 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 電気化学素子 |
JP2009252349A (ja) * | 2008-04-01 | 2009-10-29 | Panasonic Corp | 非水電解液二次電池用電極板とその製造方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JP5129412B2 (ja) | 2013-01-30 |
JPWO2012039091A1 (ja) | 2014-02-03 |
US20120225337A1 (en) | 2012-09-06 |
CN102612783A (zh) | 2012-07-25 |
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