WO2011161903A1 - 成膜速度が速いアーク式蒸発源、このアーク式蒸発源を用いた皮膜の製造方法及び成膜装置 - Google Patents
成膜速度が速いアーク式蒸発源、このアーク式蒸発源を用いた皮膜の製造方法及び成膜装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011161903A1 WO2011161903A1 PCT/JP2011/003403 JP2011003403W WO2011161903A1 WO 2011161903 A1 WO2011161903 A1 WO 2011161903A1 JP 2011003403 W JP2011003403 W JP 2011003403W WO 2011161903 A1 WO2011161903 A1 WO 2011161903A1
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- evaporation source
- permanent magnet
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/34—Sputtering
- C23C14/35—Sputtering by application of a magnetic field, e.g. magnetron sputtering
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/24—Vacuum evaporation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/24—Vacuum evaporation
- C23C14/32—Vacuum evaporation by explosion; by evaporation and subsequent ionisation of the vapours, e.g. ion-plating
- C23C14/325—Electric arc evaporation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/32—Gas-filled discharge tubes
- H01J37/32009—Arrangements for generation of plasma specially adapted for examination or treatment of objects, e.g. plasma sources
- H01J37/32055—Arc discharge
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/32—Gas-filled discharge tubes
- H01J37/34—Gas-filled discharge tubes operating with cathodic sputtering
- H01J37/3402—Gas-filled discharge tubes operating with cathodic sputtering using supplementary magnetic fields
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a film forming apparatus that is used for improving wear resistance of machine parts and the like and forms a thin film such as a ceramic film such as a nitride and an oxide, and an amorphous carbon film.
- the present invention also relates to an arc evaporation source used in the film forming apparatus and a film manufacturing method using the arc evaporation source.
- arc ion plating As a technique for coating thin films on the surface of base materials such as machine parts, cutting tools, and sliding parts for the purpose of improving wear resistance, sliding characteristics and protection functions
- the physical vapor deposition method is widely known.
- a cathode discharge arc evaporation source is used.
- the cathode discharge type arc evaporation source generates arc discharge on the surface of the target which is a cathode.
- the substance which comprises a target is melt
- the thin film is formed by drawing the ionized substance into the surface of the base material which is a processed material.
- This arc evaporation source has a high evaporation rate and a high ionization rate of the material constituting the evaporated target. Therefore, a dense film can be formed by applying a bias to the substrate during film formation. Therefore, the arc evaporation source is industrially used to form a wear-resistant film such as a cutting tool.
- the amount of molten target material (macro particles) released from the arc spot tends to be suppressed when the arc spot moves at high speed.
- the moving speed of the arc spot is affected by the magnetic field applied to the target.
- target atoms evaporated by arc discharge are highly ionized and ionized in arc plasma.
- the trajectory of ions from the target toward the substrate is affected by the magnetic field between the target and the substrate.
- a compressive stress remains in principle in a film obtained by PVD film formation such as film formation by a cathode discharge arc evaporation source.
- This compressive stress tends to increase as the film becomes thicker.
- ⁇ 2 GPa compressive stress ⁇ 2 GPa
- the adhesion of the coating to the tool is lowered and the film is easily peeled off. If it becomes possible to increase the thickness of the coating on the cutting tool, the life of the cutting tool can be extended. However, it is difficult to increase the thickness of the film for the reasons described above.
- Patent Document 1 describes an arc evaporation source having a ring-shaped magnetic force generation mechanism (permanent magnet, electromagnetic coil) disposed around a target and applying a vertical magnetic field to the target surface.
- Patent Document 2 describes an ion plating apparatus having a magnetic force generation mechanism (electromagnetic coil) disposed in front of a target so that a substance constituting an ionized target is efficiently converged in the direction of the substrate. Yes.
- Patent Document 3 a permanent magnet installed at the center position on the back of the target, a ring magnet disposed on the back of the target so as to surround the permanent magnet, and having a polarity different from that of the permanent magnet, arc discharge is disclosed.
- an evaporation source for an arc ion plating apparatus that forms a confining magnetic field component and includes an electromagnetic coil having substantially the same diameter as the ring magnet.
- Patent Document 4 describes an arc vapor deposition apparatus that has a ring-shaped magnet disposed around a target and an electromagnetic coil disposed on the back surface of the target, and forms a magnetic field parallel to the target surface by the electromagnetic coil. Has been.
- the magnetic lines of force from the surface of the target extend toward the magnet on the side of the target. Therefore, many of the ions are induced in the direction toward the magnet. Furthermore, the magnetic lines of force extending in the direction of the base material in front of the target go in a direction that greatly deviates from the base material. Therefore, the target material evaporated and ionized cannot efficiently reach the substrate.
- Patent Document 4 only an embodiment in which the inner diameter of the electromagnetic coil is smaller than the diameter of the target is described. In this case, the magnetic field lines tend to diverge from the target toward the outside, and it is considered that efficient ion focusing cannot be performed. Moreover, in the arc vapor deposition apparatus described in Patent Document 4, the arc plasma discharge is moved at a high speed in order to obtain a strength required for a magnetic field parallel to the target surface. Therefore, in combination with the electromagnetic coil (or magnetic yoke), it is necessary to supply a large current to the large electromagnetic coil, which results in an increase in the size of the evaporation source, which is not industrially preferable.
- JP 2000-328236 A Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 07-180043 JP 2007-056347 A JP-T-2004-523658
- An object of the present invention is to provide an arc evaporation source having a high film forming speed, a film manufacturing method and a film forming apparatus using the arc evaporation source.
- the present invention provides an arc evaporation source for melting the target by generating an arc discharge on the surface of the target, surrounding the outer periphery of the target and having a magnetization direction thereof.
- At least one outer peripheral magnet disposed along a direction orthogonal to the surface of the target, and disposed on the back side of the target, having a polarity in the same direction as the polarity of the outer peripheral magnet and having a magnetization direction of the target
- a non-ring-shaped second permanent magnet disposed along a direction orthogonal to the surface; and a magnetic body disposed between the first permanent magnet and the second permanent magnet.
- the present invention also provides a method for producing a film, including a film forming step of forming a film using the arc evaporation source.
- the present invention provides a film forming apparatus comprising the arc evaporation source and an arc power source that applies a voltage for generating arc discharge to the arc evaporation source.
- the film forming speed of the film forming apparatus using the arc evaporation source can be increased.
- FIG. 6 is a distribution diagram of magnetic lines of force of an arc evaporation source of Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. 6 is a distribution diagram of magnetic lines of force of an arc evaporation source of Comparative Example 2.
- FIG. 6 is a magnetic force line distribution map of the arc type evaporation source of comparative example 3.
- FIGS. 9A and 9B are views taken along line AA in FIG. 9, in which FIG. 9A is a diagram in which arc-type evaporation sources are linearly arranged, and FIG. 9B is a diagram in which arc-type evaporation sources are non-linearly arranged. . It is a top view of the film-forming apparatus of 3rd Embodiment provided with multiple arc type evaporation sources. It is a top view of the film-forming apparatus of 4th Embodiment provided with two each of the arc type evaporation sources and the sputtering type evaporation sources.
- FIG. 1 shows a film forming apparatus 6 of a first embodiment provided with an arc evaporation source 1 (hereinafter referred to as an evaporation source 1) according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- an arc evaporation source 1 hereinafter referred to as an evaporation source 1
- the film forming apparatus 6 includes a vacuum chamber 11, a turntable 12 that is provided in the vacuum chamber 11 and supports a base material 7 that is an object to be processed, and a part of the turntable 12 is provided in the vacuum chamber 11 and There are provided an evaporation source 1 attached to the surface, an arc power source 15 for applying a negative bias to the evaporation source 1, and a bias power source 16 for applying a negative bias to the substrate 7.
- the vacuum chamber 11 is provided with a gas introduction port 13 for introducing a reaction gas into the vacuum chamber 11 and a gas exhaust port 14 for discharging the reaction gas from the vacuum chamber 11.
- the arc power supply 15 applies a negative bias to the target 2 of the evaporation source 1 described later.
- the positive electrode of the arc power supply 15 and the positive side of the bias power supply 16 are each connected to a ground 18.
- the evaporation source 1 is disposed in the vicinity of a target 2 having a disc shape (hereinafter, “disc shape” also includes a cylindrical shape having a predetermined height). It has a magnetic field forming means 8 and an anode 17 arranged on the outer periphery of the target 2.
- the anode 17 is connected to the ground 18, and the vacuum chamber 11 having the same potential as the anode 17 can also function as the anode 17. That is, the evaporation source 1 is a cathode discharge type arc evaporation source.
- the target 2 is made of a material (for example, chromium (Cr), titanium (Ti), titanium aluminum (TiAl), or carbon (C)) selected according to a thin film to be formed on the base material 7. ing.
- a material for example, chromium (Cr), titanium (Ti), titanium aluminum (TiAl), or carbon (C)
- the magnetic field forming means 8 includes an outer peripheral magnet 3 disposed so as to surround the outer periphery of the target 2, and a back magnet 4 and a magnetic body 5 disposed on the back side of the target 2.
- the outer peripheral magnet 3 and the rear magnet 4 are arranged so that the direction of the polarity of the outer peripheral magnet 3 and the direction of the polarity of the rear magnet 4 are the same direction.
- the outer peripheral magnet 3 is provided in the vacuum chamber 11, and the back magnet 4 and the magnetic body 5 are provided outside the vacuum chamber 11.
- the evaporation surface (surface on the base material 7 side) of the target 2 is referred to as “front surface”, and the opposite surface is referred to as “rear surface” (see FIGS. 2 and 3).
- the outer peripheral magnet 3 and the back magnet 4 are composed of permanent magnets formed of neodymium magnets having high holding power.
- the outer peripheral magnet 3 has a ring shape and is arranged so as to be concentric with the target 2.
- the magnetization direction of the outer peripheral magnet 3 is arranged along the axis of the target 2 (so as to be perpendicular to the evaporation surface of the substance constituting the target 2). Further, the outer peripheral magnet 3 is arranged so that the projection surface in the radial direction of the outer peripheral magnet 3 overlaps the projection surface in the radial direction of the target 2. That is, the outer peripheral magnet 3 is arranged so that shadows formed by projecting the outer peripheral magnet 3 and the target 2 in a direction parallel to the evaporation surface of the target 2 overlap each other.
- the outer peripheral magnet 3 may be formed by arranging a plurality of cylindrical permanent magnets in an annular shape so as to surround the outer periphery of the target 2. That is, the “ring shape” includes a state in which a plurality of magnets are arranged along the outer periphery of the target 2.
- the back magnet 4 is arranged on the back side of the target 2 so that the magnetization direction is along the axis of the target 2 (so as to be perpendicular to the evaporation surface of the substance constituting the target 2).
- the back magnet 4 has the same polarity as that of the outer peripheral magnet 3. Specifically, in FIGS. 2 and 3, for each of the outer magnet 3 and the back magnet 4, the polarity on the side closer to the base material 7 is the N pole, and the polarity on the side far from the base material 7 is the S pole. . Conversely, the outer peripheral magnet 3 and the back magnet 4 may be arranged so that the polarity on the side closer to the base material 7 becomes the S pole and the polarity on the side far from the base material 7 becomes the N pole.
- the magnetic field forming means 8 has the configuration described above. Therefore, the direction of the lines of magnetic force toward the substrate 7 is determined by the combination of the magnetic field formed by the outer peripheral magnet 3 provided on the outer periphery of the target 2 and the magnetic field formed by the rear magnet 4 provided on the back side of the target 2. It becomes possible to guide to.
- the back magnet 4 in the present embodiment is a non-ring-like one like disk back magnets 4A and 4B described later.
- the “non-ring shape” refers to a solid material that is not filled with a hole in the radial direction, such as a donut shape, and includes a disk shape, a cylindrical shape, and the like.
- non-ring-like means a shape in which no normals facing outward from the surface intersect each other.
- FIG. 2 shows the magnetic field forming means 8 according to the first embodiment.
- the back magnet 4 includes a disk back magnet 4A (first permanent magnet) and another disk back magnet 4B (second permanent magnet) disposed behind the disk back magnet 4A.
- the magnetic body 5 is provided between the disk back magnet 4A and the disk back magnet 4B.
- FIG. 3 shows the magnetic field forming means 8 according to the second embodiment.
- the arrangement of the first permanent magnet 4A and the second permanent magnet 4B is switched while maintaining the direction of the magnetic pole and the magnetization direction.
- the vacuum chamber 11 is evacuated by depressurizing the vacuum chamber 11. Thereafter, argon gas (Ar) or the like is introduced from the gas inlet 13. Then, impurities such as oxides on the target 2 and the substrate 7 are removed by sputtering, and the vacuum chamber 11 is evacuated again. Thereafter, the reactive gas is introduced into the vacuum chamber 11 through the gas inlet 13. In this state, an arc discharge is generated on the target 2 installed in the vacuum chamber 11 to evaporate and ionize the material constituting the target 2 and to react with the reaction gas. Thereby, a nitride film, an oxide film, a carbonized film, a carbonitride film, an amorphous carbon film, or the like is formed on the substrate 7 placed on the turntable 12.
- nitrogen gas (N 2), oxygen gas (O 2), or methane (CH 4) a hydrocarbon gas may be selected according to the use of such.
- the pressure of the reaction gas in the vacuum chamber 11 is about 1 to 7 Pa.
- the arc discharge current during film formation is 100 to 200 A.
- a negative voltage of 10 to 200 V is applied to the base material 7 by the bias power supply 16.
- Example 1 using the evaporation source 1 according to the present invention will be described.
- the back magnet 4 is a disc-shaped (columnar) permanent magnet (hereinafter referred to as “disk back magnet 4A (first permanent magnet)”) and a disc back magnet 4A in a state of being spaced apart. And another disk-shaped permanent magnet (hereinafter referred to as “disk back magnet 4B (second permanent magnet)”) disposed on the back side (the side opposite to the base material 7) of the disk back magnet 4A.
- the disc-shaped magnetic body 5 is provided between the disc back magnet 4A and the disc back magnet 4B.
- projection surface shape The shape of the surface (hereinafter referred to as “projection surface shape”) obtained by projecting each disk back magnet 4A, 4B and magnetic body 5 along the direction orthogonal to the surface thereof is similar to the projection surface shape of the target 2.
- the axis of each disk back magnet 4A, 4B, the axis of the magnetic body 5, and the axis of the target 2 are arranged on the same straight line.
- Each disk back magnet 4A, 4B is formed of a neodymium magnet having a high holding power. Therefore, the whole magnetic field formation means 8 can be made compact.
- the magnetic body 5 according to Examples 1 and 2 is made of carbon steel that is close and inexpensive, but the material of the magnetic body 5 is not limited to this.
- the magnetic body 5 can be formed of a material having a relative permeability greater than 1. This is because a material having a relative permeability greater than 1 serves as a magnetic guide.
- the function as a magnetic guide of the magnetic body 5 improves by forming the magnetic body 5 with the material whose relative permeability is 250 or more.
- cobalt (relative permeability: 250), nickel (relative permeability: 600), carbon steel (relative permeability: 1000), iron (relative permeability: 5000), silicon iron (relative permeability: 7000) ), Pure iron (relative magnetic permeability: 200000) or the like is preferably used as the material of the magnetic body 5.
- Both end surfaces of the magnetic body 5 are the end surface on the back side (the side opposite to the base material 7) of the disc back magnet 4A (first permanent magnet) and the base material 7 of the disc back magnet 4B (second permanent magnet). It is in close contact with the end face on the side.
- the second embodiment is different from the first embodiment only in that the position of the first permanent magnet 4A and the position of the second permanent magnet 4B are interchanged. That is, each permanent magnet 4A, 4B has the same shape.
- Example 2 will also be described.
- the diameter of the target 2 is 100 mm.
- the thickness of the target 2 is 16 mm.
- the target 2 is formed of titanium aluminum (TiAl) having an atomic ratio of 1: 1 between titanium (Ti) and aluminum (Al).
- the outer diameter of the outer peripheral magnet 3 is 170 mm.
- the inner diameter of the outer peripheral magnet 3 is 150 mm.
- the thickness of the outer peripheral magnet 3 is 10 mm.
- Example 1 nitrogen (N 2 ) is selected as the reaction gas.
- the pressure of the reaction gas is 4 Pa.
- the film formation time is 30 minutes.
- the arc discharge current is 150A.
- a negative voltage of 30 V is applied to the substrate 7 using a bias power supply 16.
- the base material 7 is a mirror-polished cemented carbide chip having dimensions of 15 mm ⁇ 15 mm ⁇ 5 mm.
- the base material 7 is disposed at a position about 180 mm away from the surface of the target 2.
- the temperature of the base material 7 is set to 500 ° C.
- Comparative Example 1 is a comparative example in which the back magnet 4 is not provided on the back surface of the target 2.
- Comparative Example 2 is a comparative example having two ring-shaped permanent magnets arranged on the back side of the target 2.
- the outer diameters of the two ring-shaped permanent magnets arranged on the back side of the target 2 are 100 mm.
- Each ring-shaped permanent magnet has an inner diameter of 80 mm.
- Each of the ring-shaped permanent magnets has a thickness of 10 mm.
- One of the ring-shaped permanent magnets is disposed at a position 60 mm from the surface of the target 2, and the other is disposed at a position 100 mm from the surface of the target 2.
- Comparative Example 3 is a comparative example having two ring-shaped permanent magnets arranged on the back side of the target 2 and carbon steel which is a magnetic body arranged between the permanent magnets.
- the carbon steel as the magnetic body is disposed in close contact with the two ring-shaped permanent magnets.
- the shape of each permanent magnet and the distance of each permanent magnet from the surface of the target 2 are the same as in Comparative Example 2.
- Comparative Example 4 is a comparative example having two disk-shaped permanent magnets arranged on the back side of the target 2. In Comparative Example 4, no magnetic material is disposed between the two disk-shaped permanent magnets.
- Table 1 shows the number of back magnets, the thickness of the back magnet, the diameter of each magnet, the distance from the surface of the target 2 and the substrate for Comparative Examples 1 to 4 and Example 1 (also Example 2).
- 7 shows an evaluation result of the current value flowing through the film 7, the evaluation of the film formation rate, the film residual stress value, and the film residual stress.
- each magnet in the comparative example is also a first permanent magnet and a second permanent magnet for convenience.
- the film formation speed is proportional to the ionic current flowing through the base material 7 by arc discharge. That is, the larger the current value flowing through the base material 7, the faster the film forming speed.
- the current value proportional to the film formation rate is preferably 1.5 A or more. For this reason, the current value was 1.5 A or more, which was regarded as acceptable.
- the residual stress of the thin film was calculated by the Stoney's formula shown in Formula (1). Specifically, a film was formed on a Si wafer having a thickness of 1 mm, and the radius of curvature of the deflection of the base material 7 after the film formation was measured using an optical lever. This radius of curvature was used as the radius of curvature R in equation (1). Assuming the peeling of the hard coating for cutting tools, the absolute value of the residual stress of the thin film was determined to be 2.0 GPa or less.
- FIG. 4 shows the magnetic field distribution diagram of Comparative Example 1. As shown in FIG. 4, in Comparative Example 1, the magnetic field lines extending forward from the target 2 are greatly deviated from the front direction of the target 2 (that is, the direction toward the base material 7).
- the line of magnetic force closest to the axis of the target 2 is about 28 mm from the axis of the target 2 at a point advanced about 200 mm in the direction from the surface of the target 2 toward the base material 7. They are separated (see arrow A in FIG. 4).
- FIG. 5 shows the magnetic force line distribution diagram of Comparative Example 2.
- the magnetic field line closest to the axis of the target 2 is about 24 mm away from the axis of the target 2 at a point advanced by about 200 mm in the direction from the surface of the target 2 toward the base material 7 (FIG. (See arrow B in 5).
- FIG. 6 shows a magnetic force line distribution diagram of Comparative Example 3.
- the magnetic force line distribution diagram of Comparative Example 4 is shown in FIG. Similar to Comparative Examples 1 and 2, in Comparative Examples 3 and 4, the magnetic field lines closest to the axis of the target 2 are about 200 mm from the surface of the target 2 and about 20 mm from the axis of the target 2. They are separated (see arrow C in FIG. 6 and arrow D in FIG. 7).
- Comparative Example 1 the magnetic field lines farthest from the axis of the target 2 are already about 200 mm away from the axis of the target 2 at a point where only about 50 mm has advanced in the direction from the surface of the target 2 toward the base material 7. (See arrow A ′ in FIG. 4). Thus, in Comparative Example 1, it can be seen that the magnetic field lines farthest from the axis of the target 2 deviate greatly from the axis of the target 2.
- Comparative Examples 1 to 4 the ion trajectory deviates greatly from the substrate 7, and the film formation rate is slow. Therefore, as shown in Table 1, the film residual stress values in Comparative Examples 1 to 4 are ⁇ 2.40 GPa, ⁇ 2.30 GPa, ⁇ 2.25 GPa, and ⁇ 2.09 GPa, respectively. As a result, the evaluation of the film residual stress is also rejected. Therefore, a film having a low film residual stress cannot be formed.
- Example 1 and Example 2 of the present invention it is possible to guide the magnetic lines of force in the direction toward the substrate 7.
- Example 1 and Example 2 the line of magnetic force closest to the axis of the target 2 moves from the axis of the target 2 at a point advanced by 200 mm in the direction from the surface of the target 2 toward the substrate 7. It is not separated by 20 mm (see arrow E in FIG. 8). Therefore, many magnetic field lines can be guided to the base material 7.
- the magnetic field line farthest from the axis of the target 2 is about 130 mm in the direction from the surface of the target 2 toward the substrate 7 until it is 200 mm away from the axis of the target 2. A distance is required (see arrow E ′ in FIG. 8). Therefore, more lines of magnetic force extend in the direction from the target 2 toward the base material 7.
- both end surfaces of the magnetic body 5 are in close contact with the end surfaces of the disk back magnets 4A and 4B, respectively. Thereby, the magnetic force line extended from the end surface of each disk back magnet 4A, 4B can be connected without leakage.
- Example 1 and Example 2 of the present invention As a result, as shown in Table 1, the value of the current flowing through the base material 7 in Example 1 and Example 2 of the present invention is 1.5 A or more. Thereby, evaluation of the film-forming speed is determined to be acceptable. Therefore, in Example 1 and Example 2, the film formation rate is faster than in Comparative Examples 1 to 4, and efficient film formation is possible.
- Example 1 and Example 2 the absolute value of the film residual stress is 2.0 GPa or less. As a result, the evaluation of the film residual stress is acceptable. Therefore, it is possible to form a film having a low residual stress.
- the diameters of the disk back magnets 4A and 4B and the magnetic body 5 may be 40 mm. That is, the area of the surface facing the target 2 (hereinafter simply referred to as “surface”) may be 400 ⁇ mm 2 . Thereby, the area of the surface of the target 2 becomes 0.16 times (16/100) compared with the case where the diameter is 100 mm (when the surface area is 2500 ⁇ mm 2 ).
- the diameters of the disc back magnets 4A and 4B and the magnetic body 5 may be 80 mm. That is, the areas of the surfaces of the magnets 4A and 4B and the magnetic body 5 may be 1600 ⁇ mm 2 . Thereby, the area of the surface of the target 2 becomes 0.64 times (64/100) compared with the case where the diameter is 100 mm (when the surface area is 2500 ⁇ mm 2 ).
- the area of the surface of each disk back magnet 4A, 4B or the magnetic body 5 may be 0.25 times (one quarter) or more of the area of the surface of the target 2. Even in this case, more magnetic lines of force can be guided to the substrate 7 by suppressing the magnetic lines of force from deviating from the axis of the target 2. Thereby, the ions evaporated from the target 2 can be efficiently guided to the base material 7.
- the surface areas of the disk back magnets 4A and 4B and the magnetic body 5 are preferably 0.64 times (64/100) or more of the surface area of the target 2, and more preferably the surface area of the target 2. 1.0 times or more.
- the diameters of the disk back magnets 4A and 4B are 1.5 times the diameter of the target 2. That is, the surface area of the disk back magnets 4A and 4B is preferably 2.25 times (9/4) or less of the area of the target 2 surface.
- the electrons emitted by the arc discharge move in a direction perpendicular to the component of the magnetic field lines in the direction parallel to the surface of the target 2 (hereinafter referred to as “parallel component”) (that is, the direction toward the base material 7).
- parallel component that is, the direction toward the base material 7.
- the moving speed of the arc spot is proportional to the strength of the parallel component of the magnetic field lines.
- the parallel component of the magnetic field lines becomes stronger in that the component of the magnetic field lines perpendicular to the surface of the target 2 (hereinafter referred to as “perpendicular component”) becomes 0 (including values near 0; the same applies hereinafter). Also, arc discharge tends to occur preferentially at the point where the vertical component of the magnetic field lines becomes zero. The point at which this vertical component is 0 is determined by the distance to the surface of the disk back magnet on the side close to the surface of the target 2. For this reason, when the distance is short, arc discharge tends to occur at the outer peripheral portion, and ions are generated outside. On the other hand, when the distance is increased, the point where the vertical component of the magnetic field lines becomes 0 is closer to the central portion, and ions can efficiently reach the substrate 7.
- the disk back magnets 4A and 4B and the magnetic body 5 are moved back and forth so as to be close to and away from the target 2. It is also possible to incorporate a mechanism. Thus, by changing the distance from the surface of the target 2 of each magnet 4A, 4B and the magnetic body 5, the strength of the parallel component of the magnetic force line can be adjusted, and the point where the vertical component of the magnetic force line becomes zero is controlled. can do.
- [Second Embodiment] 9 and 10 show a film forming apparatus 6 according to the second embodiment including a plurality of the arc evaporation sources 1 described above.
- each arc evaporation source 1 is substantially the same as in the first embodiment.
- the greatest feature of the film forming apparatus 6 according to the second embodiment is as follows.
- a plurality (four units) of the arc evaporation sources 1 are prepared (preparation process).
- the plurality of (four) evaporation sources 1 are arranged side by side so that the magnetic field lines of the adjacent arc evaporation sources 1 are connected to each other (arrangement step).
- the plurality of evaporation sources 1 are arranged linearly or non-linearly (see FIGS. 10A and 10B). Then, a film is formed using the plurality of arc evaporation sources 1 (film forming process).
- each evaporation source 1 other than the back magnet 4 and the magnetic body 5 are arranged in the vacuum chamber 11.
- the polarities (directions of the magnetic poles) near the substrate 7 are opposite to each other in the adjacent evaporation sources 1 (reverse direction).
- Each evaporation source 1 is arrange
- This reverse arrangement is, for example, the following arrangement.
- the specific evaporation source 1 is arranged so that the magnetic lines of force are directed in a direction toward the base material 7 (a direction approaching the base material 7 from the target 2).
- the evaporation source 1 adjacent to the specific evaporation source 1 is arranged so that the magnetic field lines are in the opposite direction to the direction toward the base material 7 (the direction away from the base material 7 toward the target 2). .
- the magnetic lines of force formed by the specific evaporation source 1 and the magnetic lines of force formed by the evaporation source 1 adjacent to the specific evaporation source 1 are connected to each other.
- the north pole of the magnetic field forming means 8 of the uppermost evaporation source 1A is directed to the surface side of the target 2 (side closer to the base material 7), and S of the magnetic field forming means 8 of the second evaporation source 1B from the top.
- the pole faces the surface side of the target 2. For this reason, a line of magnetic force is generated between the adjacent uppermost evaporation source 1A and the second evaporation source 1B from the uppermost evaporation source 1A to the second evaporation source 1B (see FIG. 9).
- the magnetic field lines between the uppermost evaporation source 1A and the second evaporation source 1B are in a closed state (this closed region is referred to as a “closed magnetic field region H”).
- the emitted electrons from the arc evaporation source 1 are trapped (confined) in the closed magnetic field region H. This prevents the emitted electrons from being easily guided to the anode 17 or the vacuum chamber 11.
- such a closed magnetic field region H is not limited to the combination of the evaporation source 1A and the evaporation source 1B, but is formed between the other adjacent evaporation sources 1.
- the concentration of emitted electrons increases in each closed magnetic field region H, and collision between the reaction gas in the vacuum chamber 11 and emitted electrons increases around the base material 7. Thereby, ionization of the reaction gas can be achieved with high efficiency.
- the film formation rate is increased, and more efficient film formation is possible.
- FIG. 10 is a projection view (a view taken along the line AA in FIG. 9) of a plurality of the arc evaporation sources 1 arranged from the front (the side close to the base material 7).
- the plurality of evaporation sources 1 can be linearly arranged in an upper and lower row.
- a plurality of evaporation sources 1 can be arranged non-linearly (for example, zigzag).
- the left-right width of the above-mentioned closed magnetic field region H becomes narrow.
- region H rises further, and the base material 7 can be formed into a film with higher efficiency in the closed magnetic field area
- the width of the closed magnetic field region H increases by the width of the evaporation source 1 meandering. Thereby, even if the base material 7 is wide, a film can be efficiently formed in the closed magnetic field region H.
- arranging “in a straight line” includes not only arranging in a vertical row as described above, but also arranging in a horizontal row or a diagonal row on the inner surface of the vacuum chamber 11.
- the film forming apparatus 6 is configured such that the base material 7 passes through the closed magnetic field region H described above.
- a plurality of base materials 7 are installed on the turntable 12 in the vacuum chamber 11 (for example, two symmetrically with respect to the rotation axis). As the turntable 12 rotates, the base material 7 on the turntable 12 sequentially moves so as to pass through the front side of the evaporation source 1 (the front side of the target 2).
- the configuration for allowing the substrate 7 to pass through the closed magnetic field region H is not limited to the configuration for rotating the turntable 12 or the substrate 7.
- the evaporation source 1 can be configured to go around the substrate 7. That is, the film forming apparatus 6 only needs to have means for sequentially moving the substrate 7 relative to the closed magnetic field region H.
- the film forming apparatus 6 may have other configurations.
- the method for forming the film is the same as in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 11 shows a film forming apparatus 6 according to the third embodiment provided with a plurality of the evaporation sources 1 described above.
- the difference of the third embodiment from the second embodiment is that a plurality (four units) of the evaporation sources 1 are arranged in a circumferential shape (so as to surround the base material 7).
- the adjacent evaporation sources 1 on the circumference are arranged so that the lines of magnetic force formed by the respective evaporation sources 1 are connected to each other.
- the direction of the polarity (the direction of the magnetic pole) of the magnetic field forming means 8 (the outer peripheral magnet 3, the back magnet 4, and the magnetic body 5) of the specific evaporation source 1 is the evaporation source 1 adjacent to the specific evaporation source 1.
- the magnetic field forming means 8 is arranged in the direction opposite to the polarity direction.
- the N pole of the magnetic field forming means 8 of the evaporation source 1C in the upper right of FIG. 11 is directed to the surface side of the target 2 (side closer to the base material 7).
- the south pole of the magnetic field forming means 8 of the evaporation source 1 ⁇ / b> D in the lower right of FIG. 11 faces the surface side of the target 2. Therefore, a magnetic field line is generated from the upper right evaporation source 1C to the lower right evaporation source 1D.
- the lines of magnetic force are connected between adjacent evaporation sources 1 other than the combination of the evaporation source 1C and the evaporation source 1D. Further, since the respective evaporation sources 1 are arranged circumferentially around the base material 7, the respective lines of magnetic force are connected so as to surround the base material 7.
- the magnetic lines of force extending from each evaporation source 1 are in a closed state surrounding the region including the base material 7.
- the emitted electrons from the evaporation source 1 are trapped in the large closed magnetic field region H including the base material 7, and the concentration of the emitted electrons around the base material 7 is increased. Therefore, the film formation rate can be improved, and efficient film formation corresponding to an increase in the size and quantity of the base material 7 can be achieved.
- “linearly” includes not only the arrangement in the upper and lower rows as in the second embodiment but also the following arrangement. Specifically, an arrangement in which the plurality of evaporation sources 1 are arranged in a circumferential shape so as to surround the base material 7 in a state where the plurality of evaporation sources 1 are arranged at a constant height is included. Further, in the third embodiment, “non-linearly” includes not only the arrangement in the upper and lower zigzags as described in the second embodiment, but also the following arrangement.
- an arrangement in which the plurality of evaporation sources 1 are arranged circumferentially so as to surround the base material 7 is provided. included.
- portions of the plurality of evaporation sources 1 other than the back magnet 4 and the magnetic body 5 are arranged in the vacuum chamber 11.
- the film forming apparatus 6 of the third embodiment places the substrate 7 on the turntable 12 in the vacuum chamber 11 so that the substrate 7 is positioned in the wide closed magnetic field region H as described above.
- a plurality (for example, two symmetrical with respect to the rotation axis) are installed.
- the base material 7 when the base material 7 is rotated by the turntable 12, the base material 7 sequentially passes through the front side of each evaporation source 1. Therefore, by forming the target 2 of each arc evaporation source 1 with the same or different material, it becomes possible to sequentially form a film with the same or different composition and / or thickness on the base material 7. As a result, when the materials of the target 2 of each arc evaporation source 1 are different from each other, it is possible to form coatings of different materials in multiple layers.
- the film forming apparatus 6 according to the third embodiment may have other configurations.
- the method for forming the film is the same as in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 12 shows a film forming apparatus 6 according to the fourth embodiment including the plurality of arc evaporation sources 1 and the plurality of sputtering evaporation sources 21 described above.
- a sputtering evaporation source 21 In the fourth embodiment, among the plurality of evaporation sources 1 in the third embodiment, two opposed units are replaced with a sputtering evaporation source 21. Each of the evaporation sources 1 and 21 is arranged in a circumferential shape.
- a plurality of evaporation sources 1 and 21 including two arc evaporation sources 1 and two sputtering evaporation sources 21 is prepared (preparation step).
- the plurality of evaporation sources 1 and 21 are arranged circumferentially so that the magnetic lines of force of the adjacent evaporation sources 1 and 21 are connected to each other (arrangement step).
- a film is formed using the plurality of evaporation sources 1 and 21 (film formation process).
- the sputtering evaporation source 21 is a general sputtering evaporation source. Specifically, the sputter evaporation source 21 causes plasma ionization of an inert gas (argon (Ar), neon (Ne), xenon (Xe), etc.) introduced into the vacuum chamber 11 by discharge, and this plasma ion is used as a target. The target material is bounced off to the base material 7 side by colliding with 2 (by sputtering).
- an inert gas argon (Ar), neon (Ne), xenon (Xe), etc.
- the magnetic field forming means 8 in the sputtering evaporation source 21 includes a ring magnet 4C (ring-shaped permanent magnet) as a back magnet 4 of the target 2, and a columnar magnet 4D arranged coaxially inside the ring magnet 4C. (Cylindrical permanent magnet).
- the ring magnet 4C and the column magnet 4D are arranged such that the direction of the polarity of the ring magnet 4C and the direction of the polarity of the column magnet 4D (the direction of the magnetic pole) are opposite to each other.
- the magnetic lines of force are connected so as to surround the surface side of the target 2 between the ring magnet 4C and the cylindrical magnet 4D, and are closed near the surface of the target 2 (this closed region is referred to as “plasma closed magnetic field”). Region H ′ ”).
- the emitted electrons from the sputtering evaporation source 21 are confined in the plasma closed magnetic field region H ′.
- the plasma concentration of the inert gas in the plasma closed magnetic field region H ′ increases, and more plasma ions collide with the target 2. Therefore, the film formation efficiency can be improved.
- the adjacent evaporation sources 1 and 21 are arranged as follows. Specifically, the polarity of the ring magnet 4C of the sputtering evaporation source 21 and the direction of the magnetic poles of the magnetic field forming means 8 (the outer peripheral magnet 3 and the back magnet 4) of the arc evaporation source 1 adjacent to the sputtering evaporation source 21 are arranged in opposite directions.
- the magnetic field lines formed by the ring magnet 4C of the sputtering evaporation source 21 and the magnetic field forming means 8 of the arc evaporation source 1 are connected to each other between the adjacent evaporation sources 1 and 21.
- the lines of magnetic force are connected so as to surround the substrate 7 between each arc evaporation source 1 and each sputtering evaporation source 21.
- a closed magnetic field region H different from the above-described plasma closed magnetic field region H ′ is generated.
- the closed magnetic field region H is generated in a wide range surrounding the base material 7.
- the concentration of emitted electrons around the substrate 7 can be increased in the closed magnetic field region H while maintaining a high plasma concentration in the vicinity of the sputtering evaporation source 21. Thereby, it becomes possible to form a film on the large-scale or large-scale base material 7 at a time and at a high film formation rate.
- a reactive gas such as nitrogen (N 2 ), methane (CH 4 ), acetylene (C 2 H 2 ), etc. is introduced into the vacuum chamber 11 and several Pa ( Film formation is performed under a pressure of about 1 to 7 Pa).
- an inert gas such as argon (Ar) is introduced into the vacuum chamber 11. Film formation is performed under a pressure of about several Pa.
- a reaction gas such as nitrogen and an inert gas such as argon are mixed and used.
- the total pressure in the mixed atmosphere is about 2 to 4 Pa, and the film is formed at a pressure lower than that at the time of film formation using only the arc evaporation source 1.
- the partial pressure of the reaction gas (nitrogen or the like) is 0.5-2.65 Pa.
- the closed magnetic field region H and the plasma closed magnetic field region H ′ are separated by the lines of magnetic force.
- the plasma concentration and the emitted electron concentration can be independently increased. Accordingly, it is possible to simultaneously improve the film formation efficiency by the arc evaporation source 1 and the film formation efficiency by the sputtering evaporation source 21.
- the target 2 may have any shape other than a disk shape.
- the shape of the projection surface of the target 2 may be a rotationally symmetric figure (square, hexagon, etc.).
- the outer peripheral magnet 3, the back magnet 4 and the magnetic body 5 may not be arranged concentrically with respect to the target 2.
- the outer peripheral magnet 3, the rear magnet 4, and the magnetic body 5 are arranged so that their central axes pass through the target 2 (when the outer peripheral magnet 3, the rear magnet 4 and the magnetic body 5 are rotationally symmetric bodies, their rotational axes). It is preferable that
- the target 2 may be a figure (an ellipse, a rectangle, etc.) having a projection plane shape having a longitudinal direction.
- the diameter can be read as a major axis and a minor axis.
- the diameter can be read as a long side and a short side.
- the outer peripheral magnet 3 may be anything that surrounds the outer periphery of the target 2. Specifically, a ring-shaped permanent magnet having a projection surface shape that can surround the projection surface shape of the target 2 can be employed. For example, if the projection surface shape of the target 2 is an ellipse, a permanent magnet having an elliptical projection surface shape that can surround the ellipse can be used.
- the outer peripheral magnet 3 may have the following shape as long as it can surround the target 2.
- the outer peripheral magnet 3 may be a point-symmetric figure (square, hexagon, etc.) or a figure (ellipse, rectangle, etc.) having a longitudinal direction depending on the shape of the projection surface of the target 2.
- the back magnet 4 may have any shape other than a disk shape.
- the projected surface shape of the back magnet 4 may be a point-symmetric figure (square, hexagon, etc.) or a figure having a longitudinal direction (ellipse, rectangle, etc.).
- the magnetic body 5 can have any shape other than a disk shape.
- the projection surface shape of the magnetic body 5 may be a point-symmetric figure (square, hexagon, etc.) or a figure having a longitudinal direction (ellipse, rectangle, etc.).
- the projection surface shapes of the back magnet 4 and the magnetic body 5 are similar to the projection surface shape of the target 2.
- outer peripheral magnets 3, back magnets 4 and magnetic bodies 5 may be provided.
- the evaporation source used in the film forming apparatus 6 is not limited to the arc evaporation source 1 or the sputtering evaporation source 21 but may be a plasma beam evaporation source, a resistance heating evaporation source, or the like.
- the present invention is an arc evaporation source for melting the target by generating an arc discharge on the surface of the target, and surrounds the outer periphery of the target, and the magnetization direction thereof is orthogonal to the surface of the target.
- At least one outer peripheral magnet disposed along the direction, and disposed on the back side of the target, having a polarity in the same direction as the polarity of the outer peripheral magnet and having a magnetization direction perpendicular to the surface of the target A non-ring-shaped first permanent magnet disposed along the first permanent magnet, and the first permanent magnet between the first permanent magnet and the target in a state of being spaced apart from the first permanent magnet.
- the magnet is disposed on the back side of the permanent magnet, has a polarity in the same direction as the polarity of the outer peripheral magnet, and has a magnetization direction perpendicular to the surface of the target.
- An arc-type evaporation source comprising: a non-ring-shaped second permanent magnet arranged in the manner described above; and a magnetic body arranged between the first permanent magnet and the second permanent magnet. To do.
- the outer periphery magnet is arranged on the outer periphery of the target, and the magnets (the first permanent magnet and the second permanent magnet) having the same direction as the outer periphery magnet are the back surface of the target. Arranged on the side.
- a magnetic field having a large horizontal component is formed on the surface of the target (target evaporation surface), and both magnets (both the outer peripheral magnet, the first permanent magnet, and the second permanent magnet) are formed on the target surface. ) Creates a repulsive magnetic field.
- the outer peripheral magnet is arranged so as to surround the outer periphery of the target is to increase the horizontal component of the magnetic field formed on the target surface.
- a non-ring-shaped permanent magnet (first permanent magnet) having a polarity in the same direction as the polarity of the outer peripheral magnet and disposed on the back surface of the target is provided.
- first permanent magnet having a polarity in the same direction as the polarity of the outer peripheral magnet and disposed on the back surface of the target.
- the direction of the magnetic pole of the first permanent magnet and the direction of the magnetic pole of the outer peripheral magnet are the same, and the shape of the first permanent magnet is a non-ring shape from the center portion of the surface (end face) of the target. This is because a large number of magnetic field lines having high straightness extending in the substrate direction are generated.
- the magnetic pole of the outer peripheral magnet and the magnetic pole of the first permanent magnet are opposite to each other, the lines of magnetic force generated from the center portion of the surface (end surface) of the target are drawn into the outer peripheral magnet. Therefore, it is not possible to generate magnetic lines extending in the direction of the base material.
- another permanent magnet (second permanent magnet) is arranged with a space between the first permanent magnet.
- the reason why the first permanent magnet and the second permanent magnet are arranged at an interval in this manner is to improve the degree of straight movement of the magnetic force lines extending in the direction of the base material from the center portion of the surface of the target. .
- the particles evaporated from the target and ionized can be efficiently transported to the coating substrate, so that the film formation rate is improved.
- the greatest feature of the present invention is that a magnetic material is disposed between the first permanent magnet and the second permanent magnet.
- a magnetic material is disposed between the first permanent magnet and the second permanent magnet.
- the electrons move while being wound around the magnetic field lines, and at the same time, the particles evaporated from the target and ionized move while being attracted by the electrons.
- the particles evaporated from the target and ionized can be efficiently transported to the coating substrate. Therefore, the film forming speed is further improved.
- the term “ring-shaped permanent magnet” means not only a single permanent magnet having a ring shape but also a plurality of permanent magnets arranged in a ring shape. Further, the “ring shape” is not limited to a perfect circle and includes an ellipse and a polygon.
- both end faces of the magnetic body are in close contact with the end face of the first permanent magnet and the end face of the second permanent magnet, respectively.
- the lines of magnetic force extending from the mutually opposing end surfaces of the first permanent magnet and the second permanent magnet can be connected without leakage.
- the target is a disk shape and the outer peripheral magnet is a ring-shaped permanent magnet.
- the direction of the magnetic lines of force ahead of the surface of the target can be directed toward the base material, so that the particles evaporated and ionized from the target can be efficiently transported to the coating base material. Therefore, the film forming speed is improved.
- the shape of the surface obtained by projecting the first permanent magnet and the second permanent magnet along the direction perpendicular to the surface thereof is projected along the direction perpendicular to the surface of the target. It is preferable that the shape of the surface is similar.
- the projection shape of the first permanent magnet and the second permanent magnet is similar to the projection shape of the target.
- the magnetic field lines extending from the first permanent magnet and the second permanent magnet to the target can be uniformly guided to the target.
- the present invention also provides a method for producing a film, including a film forming step of forming a film using the arc evaporation source.
- a film is formed using an arc evaporation source in which a magnetic material is disposed between a first permanent magnet and a second permanent magnet.
- a film can be formed in a state where a large number of lines of magnetic force having a high degree of straight advance are generated from the central portion of the surface of the target.
- the electrons move while being wound around the magnetic field lines, and at the same time, the particles evaporated from the target and ionized move while being attracted by the electrons.
- the method for producing a film further includes a preparation step of preparing a plurality of the arc evaporation sources and an arrangement step of arranging the arc evaporation sources so that the magnetic lines of force of adjacent arc evaporation sources are connected to each other. It is preferable.
- the preparation step of preparing a plurality of types of evaporation sources including the arc type evaporation source and an arrangement in which the plurality of types of evaporation sources are arranged so that the magnetic lines of force of adjacent evaporation sources are connected to each other. It is preferable that a process is further included.
- a plurality of evaporation sources are arranged so that the magnetic field lines of adjacent evaporation sources are connected to each other.
- the magnetic lines of force between adjacent evaporation sources are in a closed state, and the electrons emitted from the arc evaporation source can be confined in the region of the closed magnetic lines of force.
- the collision probability of the emitted electrons from the arc evaporation source is increased, and the reaction gas can be ionized with high probability. Therefore, according to each aspect described above, the film formation rate can be further improved.
- the plurality of arc evaporation sources can be arranged linearly or non-linearly.
- the plurality of types of evaporation sources can be arranged linearly or non-linearly.
- the present invention provides a film forming apparatus comprising the arc evaporation source and an arc power source that applies a voltage for generating arc discharge to the arc evaporation source.
- a film forming apparatus includes an arc evaporation source in which a magnetic material is disposed between a first permanent magnet and a second permanent magnet, and an arc power source that applies a voltage to the arc evaporation source. And.
- a large number of lines of magnetic force with a high degree of straight travel can be generated from the central portion of the surface of the target.
- the electrons move while being wound around the magnetic field lines, and at the same time, the particles evaporated from the target and ionized move while being attracted by the electrons. Therefore, as described above, by generating a large number of lines of magnetic force that go straight ahead, the particles evaporated from the target and ionized can be efficiently transported to the coating substrate. Accordingly, the deposition rate can be improved.
- the film forming apparatus includes a plurality of the arc evaporation sources, and the plurality of arc evaporation sources are arranged so that the magnetic lines of force of adjacent arc evaporation sources are connected to each other.
- the film forming apparatus further includes a plurality of types of evaporation sources including the arc evaporation source, and the plurality of types of evaporation sources are preferably arranged so that the magnetic lines of force of adjacent evaporation sources are connected to each other. .
- a plurality of evaporation sources are arranged so that the magnetic field lines of adjacent evaporation sources are connected to each other.
- the magnetic lines of force between adjacent evaporation sources are in a closed state, and the electrons emitted from the arc evaporation source can be confined in the region of the closed magnetic lines of force.
- the collision probability of the emitted electrons from the arc evaporation source is increased, and the reaction gas can be ionized with high probability. Therefore, according to each aspect described above, the film formation rate can be further improved.
- the plurality of arc evaporation sources can be arranged linearly or non-linearly.
- the plurality of types of evaporation sources can be arranged linearly or non-linearly.
- the present invention can be used as an arc evaporation source of a film forming apparatus for forming a thin film.
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Abstract
Description
図1には、本発明の一実施形態に係るアーク式蒸発源1(以下、蒸発源1)を備えた第1実施形態の成膜装置6が示されている。
本発明に係る蒸発源1を用いた実施例1について説明する。
図9、図10には、上述したアーク式蒸発源1を複数備えた第2実施形態に係る成膜装置6が示されている。
図11は、上述の蒸発源1を複数備えた第3実施形態に係る成膜装置6を示している。
図12には、上述した複数のアーク式蒸発源1と、複数のスパッタ式蒸発源21とをそれぞれ備えた第4実施形態に係る成膜装置6が示されている。
1 アーク式蒸発源
2 ターゲット
3 外周磁石
4A 円盤背面磁石(第1の永久磁石)
4B 円盤背面磁石(第2の永久磁石)
5 磁性体
6 成膜装置
7 基材
15 アーク電源
21 スパッタ式蒸発源
A 比較例1にてターゲットの軸心から最も近い側の磁力線を示す矢印
B 比較例2にてターゲットの軸心から最も近い側の磁力線を示す矢印
C 比較例3にてターゲットの軸心から最も近い側の磁力線を示す矢印
D 比較例4にてターゲットの軸心から最も近い側の磁力線を示す矢印
E 実施例1、実施例2にてターゲットの軸心から最も近い側の磁力線を示す矢印
A’ 比較例1にてターゲットの軸心から最も離れた側の磁力線を示す矢印
B’ 比較例2にてターゲットの軸心から最も離れた側の磁力線を示す矢印
C’ 比較例3にてターゲットの軸心から最も離れた側の磁力線を示す矢印
D’ 比較例4にてターゲットの軸心から最も離れた側の磁力線を示す矢印
E’ 実施例1、実施例2にてターゲットの軸心から最も離れた側の磁力線を示す矢印
Claims (14)
- ターゲットの表面にアーク放電を生じさせることにより、前記ターゲットを溶解させるためのアーク式蒸発源であって、
前記ターゲットの外周を取り囲むとともに、その磁化方向が前記ターゲットの表面と直交する方向に沿うように配置される少なくとも1つの外周磁石と、
前記ターゲットの背面側に配置され、前記外周磁石の極性と同方向の極性を有するとともにその磁化方向が前記ターゲットの表面と直交する方向に沿うように配置される非リング状の第1の永久磁石と、
前記第1の永久磁石と間隔を空けた状態で、前記第1の永久磁石と前記ターゲットとの間、又は、前記第1の永久磁石の背面側に配置され、前記外周磁石の極性と同方向の極性を有するとともにその磁化方向が前記ターゲットの表面と直交する方向に沿うように配置される非リング状の第2の永久磁石と、
前記第1の永久磁石と前記第2の永久磁石との間に配置された磁性体とを備えている、アーク式蒸発源。 - 前記磁性体の両端面は、前記第1の永久磁石の端面と前記第2の永久磁石の端面とにそれぞれ密着している、請求項1に記載のアーク式蒸発源。
- 前記ターゲットは、円盤状であり、
前記外周磁石は、リング状の永久磁石である、請求項1に記載のアーク式蒸発源。 - 前記第1の永久磁石及び前記第2の永久磁石をその表面と直交する方向に沿って投影した面の形状は、前記ターゲットをその表面と直交する方向に沿って投影した面の形状と相似する、請求項1に記載のアーク式蒸発源。
- 請求項1~4の何れか1項に記載のアーク式蒸発源を用いて皮膜を形成する皮膜形成工程を含む、皮膜の製造方法。
- 前記アーク式蒸発源を複数準備する準備工程と、
隣接するアーク式蒸発源の磁力線が互いにつながるように、前記複数のアーク式蒸発源を配置する配置工程とをさらに含む、請求項5に記載の皮膜の製造方法。 - 前記配置工程では、前記複数のアーク式蒸発源を直線的又は非直線的に配置する、請求項6に記載の皮膜の製造方法。
- 前記アーク式蒸発源を含む複数種の蒸発源を準備する準備工程と、
隣接する蒸発源の磁力線が互いにつながるように、前記複数種の蒸発源を配置する配置工程とをさらに含む、請求項5に記載の皮膜の製造方法。 - 前記配置工程では、前記複数種の蒸発源を直線的又は非直線的に配置する、請求項8に記載の皮膜の製造方法。
- 請求項1~4の何れか1項に記載のアーク式蒸発源と、前記アーク式蒸発源に対してアーク放電を生じさせるための電圧を印加するアーク電源とを備えている、成膜装置。
- 前記アーク式蒸発源を複数備え、
前記複数のアーク式蒸発源は、隣接するアーク式蒸発源の磁力線が互いにつながるように配置されている、請求項10に記載の成膜装置。 - 前記複数のアーク式蒸発源は、直線的又は非直線的に配置されている、請求項11に記載の成膜装置。
- 前記アーク式蒸発源を含む複数種の蒸発源をさらに備え、
前記複数種の蒸発源は、隣接する蒸発源の磁力線が互いにつながるように配置されている、請求項12に記載の成膜装置。 - 前記複数種の蒸発源は、直線的又は非直線的に配置されている、請求項13に記載の成膜装置。
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CN201180027644.4A CN102933738B (zh) | 2010-06-23 | 2011-06-15 | 成膜速度快的电弧式蒸发源、使用该电弧式蒸发源的皮膜的制造方法及成膜装置 |
KR1020127033106A KR101471269B1 (ko) | 2010-06-23 | 2011-06-15 | 성막 속도가 빠른 아크식 증발원, 이 아크식 증발원을 사용한 피막의 제조 방법 및 성막 장치 |
US13/805,259 US9266180B2 (en) | 2010-06-23 | 2011-06-15 | Arc evaporation source having fast film-forming speed, coating film manufacturing method and film formation apparatus using the arc evaporation source |
BR112012033035A BR112012033035B1 (pt) | 2010-06-23 | 2011-06-15 | fonte de evaporação por arco tendo alta velocidade de formação de película, método da fabricação de película de revestimento e aparelho de formação de película usando a fonte de evaporação por arco |
EP11797792.6A EP2586888B1 (en) | 2010-06-23 | 2011-06-15 | Arc evaporation source having fast film-forming speed, film formation device and manufacturing method for coating film using the arc evaporation source |
CA2801629A CA2801629C (en) | 2010-06-23 | 2011-06-15 | Arc evaporation source having fast film-forming speed, coating film manufacturing method and film formation apparatus using the arc evaporation source |
IL223408A IL223408A (en) | 2010-06-23 | 2012-12-03 | Irrigation Evolution Device with Height Speed for Layer Creation, Layer Creation Device and Layer Production Method for Coating Using the Irrigation Evaporator |
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JP2010201946A JP5318052B2 (ja) | 2010-06-23 | 2010-09-09 | 成膜速度が速いアーク式蒸発源、このアーク式蒸発源を用いた皮膜の製造方法及び成膜装置 |
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KR (1) | KR101471269B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN102933738B (ja) |
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JP5946337B2 (ja) * | 2012-06-20 | 2016-07-06 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | アーク式蒸発源 |
JP2015040313A (ja) * | 2013-08-20 | 2015-03-02 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 成膜装置 |
JP6403269B2 (ja) * | 2014-07-30 | 2018-10-10 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | アーク蒸発源 |
JP7204196B2 (ja) * | 2019-01-25 | 2023-01-16 | ナノテック株式会社 | 成膜装置 |
JP7108139B2 (ja) * | 2019-06-21 | 2022-07-27 | ジヤトコ株式会社 | 車両の電源装置及びその制御方法 |
JP2022538641A (ja) * | 2019-07-03 | 2022-09-05 | エーリコン・サーフェス・ソリューションズ・アーゲー・プフェフィコン | 陰極アーク源 |
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EP2586888B1 (en) | 2016-11-23 |
US9266180B2 (en) | 2016-02-23 |
EP2586888A4 (en) | 2015-12-30 |
JP5318052B2 (ja) | 2013-10-16 |
PT2586888T (pt) | 2017-01-03 |
KR101471269B1 (ko) | 2014-12-09 |
BR112012033035B1 (pt) | 2019-12-03 |
CA2801629C (en) | 2014-05-13 |
EP2586888A1 (en) | 2013-05-01 |
CN102933738B (zh) | 2014-10-15 |
JP2012026026A (ja) | 2012-02-09 |
BR112012033035A2 (pt) | 2016-12-20 |
CA2801629A1 (en) | 2011-12-29 |
US20130098881A1 (en) | 2013-04-25 |
KR20130029092A (ko) | 2013-03-21 |
IL223408A (en) | 2016-05-31 |
CN102933738A (zh) | 2013-02-13 |
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