WO2011155520A1 - スルホン酸基を有するポリアリーレン系ブロック共重合体、ならびにその用途 - Google Patents
スルホン酸基を有するポリアリーレン系ブロック共重合体、ならびにその用途 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011155520A1 WO2011155520A1 PCT/JP2011/063123 JP2011063123W WO2011155520A1 WO 2011155520 A1 WO2011155520 A1 WO 2011155520A1 JP 2011063123 W JP2011063123 W JP 2011063123W WO 2011155520 A1 WO2011155520 A1 WO 2011155520A1
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- 229920000412 polyarylene Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 125000001273 sulfonato group Chemical group [O-]S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 title description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 102
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract 6
- -1 cyclohexylidene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 40
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 30
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 24
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 20
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000008282 halocarbons Chemical group 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000002029 aromatic hydrocarbon group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 claims description 7
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- LJJQENSFXLXPIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorenylidene Chemical group C1=CC=C2[C]C3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 LJJQENSFXLXPIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 97
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 63
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 51
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 48
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 42
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 42
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 39
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 description 38
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 32
- RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylphosphine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 29
- BGNXCDMCOKJUMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butylhydroquinone Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(O)=CC=C1O BGNXCDMCOKJUMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 26
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 26
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 22
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 20
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 20
- CNHDIAIOKMXOLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluquinol Chemical compound CC1=CC(O)=CC=C1O CNHDIAIOKMXOLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 19
- YOYAIZYFCNQIRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1C#N YOYAIZYFCNQIRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 18
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 18
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 229940044119 2-tert-butylhydroquinone Drugs 0.000 description 13
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 12
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 12
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 12
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 11
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 11
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 10
- GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N resorcinol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 10
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 9
- 0 CCC(C)([C@@](C)(CC)c1cccc(O*(c(C(C)(C)C)c2)cc(C(C)(C)C)s2O[C@](C)(CC)c(cccc2Cl)c2C#N)c1C#N)OC(CC1C(C)(C)C)=CC=C1Oc1c(C)c([C@@](C)(CC)Cl)ccc1 Chemical compound CCC(C)([C@@](C)(CC)c1cccc(O*(c(C(C)(C)C)c2)cc(C(C)(C)C)s2O[C@](C)(CC)c(cccc2Cl)c2C#N)c1C#N)OC(CC1C(C)(C)C)=CC=C1Oc1c(C)c([C@@](C)(CC)Cl)ccc1 0.000 description 8
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 8
- ZBRJXVVKPBZPAN-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(2+);triphenylphosphane;dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ni+2].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZBRJXVVKPBZPAN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 8
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical group OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- BXJGUBZTZWCMEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dimethylbenzene-1,4-diol Chemical compound CC1=C(C)C(O)=CC=C1O BXJGUBZTZWCMEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-carbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3NC2=C1 UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Indole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC=CC2=C1 SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 229910021586 Nickel(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrole Chemical compound C=1C=CNC=1 KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzothiazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC=NC2=C1 IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 6
- QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ni]Cl QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- UBQKCCHYAOITMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridin-2-ol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=N1 UBQKCCHYAOITMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium iodide Chemical compound [Na+].[I-] FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229940126062 Compound A Drugs 0.000 description 5
- NLDMNSXOCDLTTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Heterophylliin A Natural products O1C2COC(=O)C3=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C3C3=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=C3C(=O)OC2C(OC(=O)C=2C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=2)C(O)C1OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 NLDMNSXOCDLTTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 5
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- LVTJOONKWUXEFR-FZRMHRINSA-N protoneodioscin Natural products O(C[C@@H](CC[C@]1(O)[C@H](C)[C@@H]2[C@]3(C)[C@H]([C@H]4[C@@H]([C@]5(C)C(=CC4)C[C@@H](O[C@@H]4[C@H](O[C@H]6[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)O6)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]6[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)O6)[C@H](CO)O4)CC5)CC3)C[C@@H]2O1)C)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 LVTJOONKWUXEFR-FZRMHRINSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000000446 sulfanediyl group Chemical group *S* 0.000 description 5
- 125000002130 sulfonic acid ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 5
- WJGLGPTVKGZNBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2,5-dichlorophenyl)-(4-fluorophenyl)methanone Chemical compound C1=CC(F)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1Cl WJGLGPTVKGZNBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KYLUAQBYONVMCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-methylphenyl)phosphane Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1P KYLUAQBYONVMCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GRFNBEZIAWKNCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-pyridinol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CN=C1 GRFNBEZIAWKNCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrazine Chemical compound C1=CN=CC=N1 KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinoline Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- DZBUGLKDJFMEHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acridine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3N=C21 DZBUGLKDJFMEHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KZTYYGOKRVBIMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl sulfone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KZTYYGOKRVBIMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000002500 ions Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- AWJUIBRHMBBTKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoquinoline Chemical compound C1=NC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 AWJUIBRHMBBTKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium bromide Chemical compound [K+].[Br-] IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- XSCHRSMBECNVNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinoxaline Chemical compound N1=CC=NC2=CC=CC=C21 XSCHRSMBECNVNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000013557 residual solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bromide Chemical compound [Na+].[Br-] JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BCMCBBGGLRIHSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-benzoxazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC=NC2=C1 BCMCBBGGLRIHSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HYZJCKYKOHLVJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-benzimidazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC=NC2=C1 HYZJCKYKOHLVJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JZODKRWQWUWGCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-di-tert-butylbenzene-1,4-diol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(O)=C(C(C)(C)C)C=C1O JZODKRWQWUWGCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 125000004203 4-hydroxyphenyl group Chemical group [H]OC1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 3
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- ROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bipyridyl Chemical compound N1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 ROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000007853 buffer solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 3
- PZOUSPYUWWUPPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N indole Natural products CC1=CC=CC2=C1C=CN2 PZOUSPYUWWUPPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RKJUIXBNRJVNHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N indolenine Natural products C1=CC=C2CC=NC2=C1 RKJUIXBNRJVNHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- KPSSIOMAKSHJJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentyl alcohol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CO KPSSIOMAKSHJJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BFSQJYRFLQUZKX-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(ii) iodide Chemical compound I[Ni]I BFSQJYRFLQUZKX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium;triphenylphosphane Chemical compound [Pd].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphonic acid group Chemical group P(O)(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 3
- NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium iodide Chemical compound [K+].[I-] NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 3
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- HFVGHBPOSYCHOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2,5-dichlorophenyl)-(4-pyridin-2-yloxyphenyl)methanone Chemical compound ClC1=CC=C(Cl)C(C(=O)C=2C=CC(OC=3N=CC=CC=3)=CC=2)=C1 HFVGHBPOSYCHOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YSVZGWAJIHWNQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-(hydroxymethyl)-2-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanyl]methanol Chemical compound C1CC2C(CO)C(CO)C1C2 YSVZGWAJIHWNQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010306 acid treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003868 ammonium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000006267 biphenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- VCCBEIPGXKNHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N biphenyl-4,4'-diol Chemical group C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 VCCBEIPGXKNHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001246 bromo group Chemical group Br* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003729 cation exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940023913 cation exchange resins Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000068 chlorophenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- XTHPWXDJESJLNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorosulfonic acid Substances OS(Cl)(=O)=O XTHPWXDJESJLNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001869 cobalt compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Co+2] GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- AVWLPUQJODERGA-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+);diiodide Chemical compound [Co+2].[I-].[I-] AVWLPUQJODERGA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- BZRRQSJJPUGBAA-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(ii) bromide Chemical compound Br[Co]Br BZRRQSJJPUGBAA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000021615 conjugation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000007257 deesterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011033 desalting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- CYKXDHXBWOTQKY-UHFFFAOYSA-L dibromonickel;2-pyridin-2-ylpyridine Chemical compound Br[Ni]Br.N1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 CYKXDHXBWOTQKY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229940117389 dichlorobenzene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008034 disappearance Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002305 electric material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000006575 electron-withdrawing group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012776 electronic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol Natural products OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000816 ethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005457 ice water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002847 impedance measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003014 ion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FBAFATDZDUQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M iron chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Fe] FBAFATDZDUQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000002506 iron compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GYCHYNMREWYSKH-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(ii) bromide Chemical compound [Fe+2].[Br-].[Br-] GYCHYNMREWYSKH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- BQZGVMWPHXIKEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(ii) iodide Chemical compound [Fe+2].[I-].[I-] BQZGVMWPHXIKEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229960004592 isopropanol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxybenzene Substances CCCCOC=C UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001570 methylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- PYLWMHQQBFSUBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N monofluorobenzene Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC=C1 PYLWMHQQBFSUBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001971 neopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002816 nickel compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZPEZKSAHCLWUDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(2+) 2-pyridin-2-ylpyridine dinitrate Chemical compound [Ni++].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.c1ccc(nc1)-c1ccccn1 ZPEZKSAHCLWUDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BMGNSKKZFQMGDH-FDGPNNRMSA-L nickel(2+);(z)-4-oxopent-2-en-2-olate Chemical compound [Ni+2].C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O.C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O BMGNSKKZFQMGDH-FDGPNNRMSA-L 0.000 description 1
- UQPSGBZICXWIAG-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(2+);dibromide;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.Br[Ni]Br UQPSGBZICXWIAG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KFBKRCXOTTUAFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel;triphenylphosphane Chemical compound [Ni].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 KFBKRCXOTTUAFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002560 nitrile group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- 238000010534 nucleophilic substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 229960003540 oxyquinoline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002941 palladium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Pd]Cl PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- INIOZDBICVTGEO-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(ii) bromide Chemical compound Br[Pd]Br INIOZDBICVTGEO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000006340 pentafluoro ethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000005010 perfluoroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003170 phenylsulfonyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)S(=O)(=O)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003009 phosphonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- TWHXWYVOWJCXSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;hydrate Chemical compound O.OP(O)(O)=O TWHXWYVOWJCXSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000088 plastic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000172 poly(styrenesulfonic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002480 polybenzimidazole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002530 polyetherether ketone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940005642 polystyrene sulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003112 potassium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHMDPDGBKYUEMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine-2-thiol Chemical compound SC1=CC=CC=N1 WHMDPDGBKYUEMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FFWJHVGUAKWTKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine-3-thiol Chemical compound SC1=CC=CN=C1 FFWJHVGUAKWTKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VTGOHKSTWXHQJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrimidin-2-ol Chemical compound OC1=NC=CC=N1 VTGOHKSTWXHQJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HBCQSNAFLVXVAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrimidine-2-thiol Chemical compound SC1=NC=CC=N1 HBCQSNAFLVXVAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound O=C1CCCN1 HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IQQDNMHUOLMLNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinolin-3-ol Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC(O)=CN=C21 IQQDNMHUOLMLNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MCJGNVYPOGVAJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinolin-8-ol Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1 MCJGNVYPOGVAJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920005604 random copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001226 reprecipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008054 signal transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003388 sodium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011775 sodium fluoride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012086 standard solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004250 tert-Butylhydroquinone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019281 tert-butylhydroquinone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- YMBCJWGVCUEGHA-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraethylammonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC YMBCJWGVCUEGHA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- QSUJAUYJBJRLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraethylazanium;fluoride Chemical compound [F-].CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC QSUJAUYJBJRLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- TXBULBYASDPNNC-UHFFFAOYSA-L tetraethylazanium;sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC.CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC TXBULBYASDPNNC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000004809 thin layer chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- RMVRSNDYEFQCLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiophenol Chemical compound SC1=CC=CC=C1 RMVRSNDYEFQCLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005147 toluenesulfonyl group Chemical group C=1(C(=CC=CC1)S(=O)(=O)*)C 0.000 description 1
- 125000005425 toluyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003623 transition metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003866 trichloromethyl group Chemical group ClC(Cl)(Cl)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001889 triflyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CMPGARWFYBADJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L tungstic acid Chemical compound O[W](O)(=O)=O CMPGARWFYBADJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G61/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G61/02—Macromolecular compounds containing only carbon atoms in the main chain of the macromolecule, e.g. polyxylylenes
- C08G61/10—Macromolecular compounds containing only carbon atoms in the main chain of the macromolecule, e.g. polyxylylenes only aromatic carbon atoms, e.g. polyphenylenes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G81/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by interreacting polymers in the absence of monomers, e.g. block polymers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G61/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G61/12—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/20—Manufacture of shaped structures of ion-exchange resins
- C08J5/22—Films, membranes or diaphragms
- C08J5/2206—Films, membranes or diaphragms based on organic and/or inorganic macromolecular compounds
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- C08J5/2256—Synthetic macromolecular compounds based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions other than those involving carbon-to-carbon bonds, e.g. obtained by polycondensation
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- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/06—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances
- H01B1/12—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances organic substances
- H01B1/122—Ionic conductors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0565—Polymeric materials, e.g. gel-type or solid-type
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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- C08G2261/1412—Saturated aliphatic units
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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- C08G2261/14—Side-groups
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- C08G2261/1428—Side-chains containing oxygen containing acyl groups
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- C08G2261/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G2261/10—Definition of the polymer structure
- C08G2261/14—Side-groups
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- C08G2261/1452—Side-chains containing sulfur containing sulfonyl or sulfonate-groups
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- C08G2261/14—Side-groups
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- C08G2261/30—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain
- C08G2261/31—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain incorporating aromatic structural elements in the main chain
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- C08G2261/30—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain
- C08G2261/34—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain incorporating partially-aromatic structural elements in the main chain
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- C08J2365/00—Characterised by the use of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2365/02—Polyphenylenes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a novel polyarylene block copolymer having a sulfonic acid group, and a solid polymer electrolyte and a proton conducting membrane comprising the polyarylene copolymer having the sulfonic acid group.
- Electrolytes are usually used in a solution such as an aqueous solution.
- a solution such as an aqueous solution.
- the first reason is, for example, the ease of processing when applied to the above-mentioned electric / electronic materials, and the second reason is the shift to light, thin, small and power saving.
- inorganic compounds are known as proton conductive materials.
- examples of inorganic compounds include, for example, uranyl phosphate, which is a hydrated compound, but since these inorganic compounds do not have sufficient contact at the substrate or electrode interface, the conductive layer is formed on the substrate or electrode. Many problems arise.
- organic compounds include sulfonated products of vinyl polymers such as polystyrene sulfonic acid, perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acid polymers represented by Nafion (trade name, manufactured by DuPont), and perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acid polymers.
- vinyl polymers such as polystyrene sulfonic acid, perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acid polymers represented by Nafion (trade name, manufactured by DuPont), and perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acid polymers.
- examples include polymers belonging to so-called cation exchange resins, or organic polymers such as polymers in which a sulfonic acid group or a phosphoric acid group is introduced into a heat-resistant polymer such as polybenzimidazole or polyether ether ketone.
- an electrode-membrane assembly is usually obtained by sandwiching an electrolyte membrane made of the perfluoroalkylsulfonic acid polymer between both electrodes and performing a heat treatment such as hot pressing.
- a fluorine-based film such as this perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acid polymer has a relatively low heat deformation temperature of about 80 ° C., and can be easily joined.
- the temperature may be 80 ° C. or higher due to the reaction heat, so that the electrolyte membrane softens and a creep phenomenon occurs, which causes a problem that both electrodes are short-circuited and power generation becomes impossible.
- the fuel cell is designed so that the thickness of the electrolyte membrane is increased to some extent or the temperature during power generation is 80 ° C. or less, but the maximum output of power generation is It will decline.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a solid polymer electrolyte made of sulfonated rigid polyphenylene.
- This polymer is mainly composed of a polymer obtained by polymerizing an aromatic compound comprising a phenylene chain, and this is reacted with a sulfonating agent to introduce a sulfonic acid group.
- the electrolyte membrane made of this polymer has a heat distortion temperature of 180 ° C. or higher and is excellent in creep resistance at high temperatures.
- electrolyte membranes are greatly swelled in hot water and contracted during drying, and are still insufficient as electrolyte membranes used for polymer electrolyte fuel cells.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a polyarylene copolymer having a sulfonic acid group having high proton conductivity, low swelling in hot water, and small shrinkage during drying, and a solid polymer electrolyte produced from the copolymer And providing a proton conducting membrane.
- each R 1 is independently a halogen atom, a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a halogenated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms. 1-1) or a structural unit represented by the following formula (1-2), at least one of the plurality of L is a structural unit represented by the following formula (1-1), and a is An integer of 0 to 3, and p represents an integer of 2 to 200.
- the plurality of R 1 , a, and L may be the same or different, h is an integer of 1 to 4-a)
- each A is independently —O— or —S—
- each R 2 is independently a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or 1 carbon atom.
- each X 1 independently represents a halogen atom
- b represents an integer of 1 to 4
- l represents an integer of 0 to 3, provided that b + l is 4 or less. .
- each A is independently —O— or —S—
- D is a direct bond, —O—, —S—, —CO—, —SO 2 —, —SO—, —CONH—, —COO—, — (CF 2 ) i — (i is an integer of 1 to 10), — (CH 2 ) j — (j is an integer of 1 to 10), At least one structure selected from the group consisting of —CR ′ 2 — (R ′ represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group or a halogenated hydrocarbon group), a cyclohexylidene group and a fluorenylidene group; R 3 and R 4 are each independently a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or a halogenated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and X 2 and X 3 are each independently A halogen atom, c and d are integers of 0 to 4,
- c + m and d + n are 4 or less.
- the number average molecular weight in terms of polystyrene of the precursor represented by the following formula (1 ′) for deriving the polymer segment (B) having no sulfonic acid group is 1,000 to 50,000.
- Polyarylene block copolymer
- the structural unit represented by the above formula (1-1) is a molar ratio of the structural unit represented by the following formula (1-3) and the structural unit represented by the following formula (1-4) (1-3) :
- R 2 , A, X 1 and l are as defined in the above formula (1-1), and e represents 1 or 3.
- Ar 11 , Ar 12 , and Ar 13 are each independently at least one selected from the group consisting of a benzene ring, a condensed aromatic ring, and a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring, which may be substituted with a fluorine atom.
- Y represents a divalent group having a structure: Y represents —CO—, —SO 2 —, —SO—, —CONH—, —COO—, — (CF 2 ) u — (u is an integer of 1 to 10; Z) represents —O—, —S—, direct bond, —CO—, —SO 2 —, —SO—, — (CH 2 ), or —C (CF 3 ) 2 — or a direct bond. l- (l is an integer of 1 to 10) or -C (CH 3 ) 2- .
- R 22 represents a direct bond, —O (CH 2 ) p —, —O (CF 2 ) p —, — (CH 2 ) p — or — (CF 2 ) p — (p is 1 to 12) Indicates an integer).
- R 23 and R 24 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkali metal atom, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, an alicyclic group, or a heterocyclic group containing oxygen. However, at least one of all R 23 and R 24 included in the above formula is a hydrogen atom.
- x 1 is an integer from 0 to 4
- x 2 is an integer from 1 to 5
- a is an integer from 0 to 1
- b is an integer from 0 to 3.
- a polymer electrolyte comprising the polyarylene block copolymer of [1] to [6].
- a proton conducting membrane comprising the polyarylene block copolymer of [1] to [7].
- the polyarylene block copolymer having a sulfonic acid group according to the present invention has a specific structural unit, swelling in hot water and shrinkage during drying are small. Therefore, it is possible to introduce a sulfonic acid group at a high concentration, and it is possible to obtain a solid polymer electrolyte and a proton conductive membrane having high proton conductivity, high dimensional stability, and high mechanical strength.
- the polyarylene copolymer having a sulfonic acid group according to the present invention is a proton conductive membrane for a fuel cell. Can be suitably used.
- the polyarylene copolymer of the present invention has a polymer segment (A) having a sulfonic acid group and a polymer segment (B) having substantially no sulfonic acid group.
- the structure of the copolymer is not particularly limited, and may be a random copolymer or a block copolymer, or a mixture thereof.
- a block copolymer is preferable.
- the polymer segment (B) having substantially no sulfonic acid group has a structural unit represented by the following formula (1).
- each R 1 independently represents a halogen atom, a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a halogenated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms
- L represents the following formula (1 -1) or a structural unit represented by the following formula (1-2)
- at least one of the plurality of L is a structural unit represented by the following formula (1-1)
- a is 0
- An integer of ⁇ 3, p is an integer of 2 to 200, and h is an integer of 1 to (4-a).
- a plurality of R 1 , a and L may be the same or different.
- each A is independently —O— or —S—
- each R 2 is independently a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or 20 halogenated hydrocarbon groups
- each X 1 independently represents a halogen atom
- b represents an integer of 1 to 4
- l represents an integer of 0 to 3.
- A is each independently —O— or —S—
- D is a direct bond, —O—, —S—, —CO—, —SO 2 —, —SO—. , —CONH—, —COO—, — (CF 2 ) i — (i is an integer of 1 to 10), — (CH 2 ) j — (j is an integer of 1 to 10), —CR ′ 2 — (R ′ represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, an alicyclic aromatic hydrocarbon group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group or a halogenated hydrocarbon group), a cyclohexylidene group and a fluorenylidene group
- R 3 and R 4 are each independently a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or a halogenated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms
- X 2 and X 3 Each independently represents a halogen atom, c and d are integers
- Examples of the monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms in R 1 to R 4 include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, a butyl group, an isobutyl group, a t-butyl group, a tetramethylbutyl group, C1-C20 alkyl groups such as amyl group, pentyl group and hexyl group; C3-C20 cycloalkyl groups such as cyclopentyl group and cyclohexyl group; C6-C6 such as phenyl group, naphthyl group and biphenyl group 20 aromatic hydrocarbon groups; alkenyl groups having 2 to 20 carbon atoms such as vinyl groups and allyl groups.
- Examples of the monovalent halogenated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms in R 1 to R 4 include a halogenated alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a halogenated cycloalkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, and 6 carbon atoms. -20 halogenated aromatic hydrocarbon groups and the like.
- Examples of the halogenated alkyl group include a trichloromethyl group, a trifluoromethyl group, a tribromomethyl group, a pentachloroethyl group, a pentafluoroethyl group, and a pentabromoethyl group; and the halogenated aromatic hydrocarbon group. Examples thereof include a chlorophenyl group and a chloronaphthyl group.
- the plurality of R 3 , c, m, X 2 , R 4 , and X 3 may be the same or different. Further, when a plurality of R 1 to R 4 are provided, these may be the same or different.
- R 2 is preferably branched, and if a branched alkyl group such as tert-butyl group, tetramethylbutyl group, or tert-amyl group is introduced, the productivity of the polymer can be improved and the production during film production can be improved. The film property can be improved.
- A is preferably 0 or 1, more preferably 0.
- B is preferably 1 to 3, more preferably 1 or 2.
- C is preferably 0 or 1, more preferably 0.
- D is preferably 0 or 1, more preferably 0.
- A is preferably -O-.
- P is preferably from 2 to 150, more preferably from 3 to 125, and even more preferably from 5 to 100.
- the polyarylene block polymer according to the present invention includes a polymer segment having a CN group introduced into the main chain and having a structural unit represented by the formula (1) as an essential component.
- Such a polymer segment can suppress the movement of the molecular chain segment of the polymer main chain, and finally can produce a block copolymer with small swelling during hot water and shrinkage during drying.
- Q is preferably 1 or 2, and more preferably 1.
- the structural unit represented by the above formula (1-1) and the structural unit represented by the above formula (1-2) have a molar ratio (1-1) :( 1-2) of 100: 0 to 50:50. It is preferably included in a ratio, and more preferably in a ratio of 100: 0 to 75:25.
- the structural unit represented by the above formula (1-1) is a molar ratio (1-3) of the structural unit represented by the following formula (1-3) and the structural unit represented by the following formula (1-4): (1-4) is preferably contained in a ratio of 10:90 to 90:10, and more preferably in a ratio of 20:80 to 80:20.
- the polymer segment (B) is obtained by combining the formulas (1-3) and (1-4), the stereoregularity in the polymer segment (B) is relaxed and dissolved in the solvent for casting film formation. And the film forming property is improved.
- the formulas (1-3) and (1-4) are formed by highly hydrophobic alkyl side chains or perfluoroalkyl side chains, the swelling of the membrane in hot water decreases. It is thought that there is nothing. This ratio is adjusted by the ratio of the compounds of the formulas (1-6) and (1-7) when preparing the compound (A) which becomes the structural unit of the polymer segment having substantially no sulfonic acid group, which will be described later. It becomes possible.
- R 2 , A, X 1 , and l have the same meanings as in the above formula (1-1), and e represents 1 or 3.
- R 2 , A, X 1 , and l have the same meanings as in the above formula (1-1), and f represents 2 or 4.
- f represents 2 or 4.
- the number average molecular weight in terms of polystyrene of the precursor represented by the following formula (1 ′) for deriving the polymer segment (B) having substantially no sulfonic acid group is 1,000 to 50,000. It is preferably 2,000 to 30,000, more preferably 3,000 to 20,000.
- R 1 , L, a, p and h are the same as in formula (1), and X ′ is a halogen atom, a nitro group, —SO 2 CH 3 and —SO 2 CF 3. Indicates the selected atom or group.
- an arbitrary segment may be included as long as the object of the present invention is not impaired.
- a segment including a structural unit represented by the following formula may be included.
- E and F are independently a direct bond, or —CO—, —SO 2 —, —SO—, —CONH—, —COO—, — (CF 2 ) l — (l is an integer of 1 to 10) ), — (CH 2 ) 1 — (wherein 1 is an integer of 1 to 10), —CR ′ 2 — (R ′ represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, aromatic hydrocarbon group and halogenated hydrocarbon group.
- Ar 11 , Ar 12 , and Ar 13 are each independently at least selected from the group consisting of a benzene ring, a condensed aromatic ring, and a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring that may be substituted with a fluorine atom.
- a divalent group having one type of structure is shown.
- Y represents —CO—, —CONH—, —COO—, —SO 2 —, —SO—, — (CF 2 ) u — (u is an integer of 1 to 10), —C (CF 3 ) 2 -Or indicates direct binding.
- Z is —O—, —S—, direct bond, —CO—, —SO 2 —, —SO—, — (CH 2 ) l — (l is an integer of 1 to 10), or C (CH 3 ) Indicates 2- .
- R 22 represents a direct bond, —O (CH 2 ) p —, —O (CF 2 ) p —, — (CH 2 ) p — or (CF 2 ) p — (p is an integer of 1 to 12) Showing).
- R 23 and R 24 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkali metal atom or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group. However, at least one of all R 23 and R 24 included in the above formula is a hydrogen atom.
- x 1 is an integer from 0 to 4
- x 2 is an integer from 1 to 5
- a is an integer from 0 to 1
- b is an integer from 0 to 3.
- the structural unit having a sulfonic acid group is preferably composed of a repeating unit represented by the following formula (3-1).
- Ar 11 , Ar 12 , and Ar 13 are each independently at least selected from the group consisting of an aromatic ring such as a benzene ring and a naphthalene ring, and a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring, which may be substituted with a fluorine atom.
- an aromatic ring such as a benzene ring and a naphthalene ring
- a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring which may be substituted with a fluorine atom.
- One type of structure is shown.
- Y represents —CO—, —CONH—, —COO—, —SO 2 —, —SO—, — (CF 2 ) u — (u is an integer of 1 to 10), —C (CF 3 ) 2 -Represents at least one structure selected from the group consisting of direct bonds.
- Z is —O—, —S—, direct bond, —CO—, —SO 2 —, —SO—, — (CH 2 ) l — (l is an integer of 1 to 10), —C (CH 3 ) At least one structure selected from the group consisting of 2- .
- R 22 is at least one selected from the group consisting of a direct bond, —O (CH 2 ) p —, —O (CF 2 ) p —, — (CH 2 ) p —, and — (CF 2 ) p —.
- P represents an integer of 1 to 12).
- R 23 and R 24 each independently represent at least one structure selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, an alkali metal atom, and an aliphatic hydrocarbon group. However, at least one of all R 23 and R 24 included in the above formula is a hydrogen atom.
- x 1 is an integer of 0 to 4
- x 2 is an integer of 1 to 5
- a is an integer of 0 to 1
- b1 and b2 are integers of 0 to 3.
- the repeating unit represented by the above formula (3) or (3-1) preferably has a structure represented by the following formula (3-2).
- Y is —CO—, —SO 2 —, —SO—, a direct bond, — (CF 2 ) u — (u is an integer of 1 to 10), —C (CF 3 2 ) At least one structure selected from the group consisting of 2 —.
- Z is a direct bond, or — (CH 2 ) 1 — (wherein 1 is an integer of 1 to 10), —C (CH 3 ) 2 —, —O—, —S—, —CO—, —SO 2 —.
- Ar represents a substituent represented by —SO 3 H or —O (CH 2 ) p SO 3 H or —O (CF 2 ) p SO 3 H.
- the aromatic group which has. p represents an integer of 1 to 12
- m represents an integer of 0 to 3
- n represents an integer of 0 to 3
- k represents an integer of 1 to 4.
- the single lines at the end of the structural unit those not having a substituent displayed on one side mean connection with the adjacent structural unit.
- the plurality of Z and k may be the same or different, and the bonding position is not particularly limited.
- the aromatic group include a phenyl group and a naphthyl group.
- a structural unit having a phosphonic acid group together with a sulfonic acid group may contain a structural unit having a phosphonic acid group together with a sulfonic acid group.
- a structural unit having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group may be included, and the nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group has a structure represented by the following formula (4-1).
- V is not particularly limited as long as it is a divalent organic group, but is preferably a group consisting of —O—, —S—, direct bond, —CO—, —SO 2 — or — or —SO—. At least one structure selected from the above is shown.
- R s is a direct bond or any divalent organic group that is not particularly limited.
- the divalent organic group may be any hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, specifically, an alkylene group such as a methylene group or an ethylene group, an aromatic ring such as a phenylene group, a condensed aromatic ring, or a nitrogen-containing group.
- R s may be a group represented by —W—Ar 9 —.
- Ar 9 represents a divalent group having at least one structure selected from the group consisting of a benzene ring, a condensed aromatic ring, and a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring, which may be substituted with a fluorine atom. .
- W represents —CO—, —SO 2 —, —SO—, — (CF 2 ) u — (u is an integer of 1 to 10), —C (CF 3 ) 2 —, or a group consisting of direct bonds. It shows at least one selected structure.
- E represents an integer of 0 to 4
- f represents an integer of 1 to 5.
- the aromatic ring of the main chain and the electron-withdrawing group V are preferably bonded directly from the viewpoint of stability, but an arbitrary divalent group (that is, R s ) is interposed as long as the effect of the present invention is not impaired. You may do it.
- the structure having a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group of the formula (4-1) is preferably a structure represented by the following formula (4-2).
- R h represents a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group, and examples thereof include 5- and 6-membered ring structures containing nitrogen. Further, the number of nitrogen atoms in the heterocycle is not particularly limited as long as it is 1 or more, and the heterocycle may contain oxygen or sulfur in addition to nitrogen.
- nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group constituting R h examples include pyrrole, thiazole, isothiazole, oxazole, isoxazole, pyridine, imidazole, imidazoline, pyrazole, 1,3,5-triazine, pyrimidine, pyritazine, and pyrazine.
- nitrogen-containing heterocyclic groups may have a substituent.
- substituents include alkyl groups such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, and a propyl group, and aryl groups such as a phenyl group, a toluyl group, and a naphthyl group. Group, cyano group, fluorine atom and the like.
- the structural unit having a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group contained in the copolymer of the present invention is represented by the following formula (5).
- Ar 10 represents a trivalent group having at least one structure selected from the group consisting of a benzene ring, a condensed aromatic ring, and a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring.
- Ar 10 is a part of or all of the hydrogen atoms from a fluorine atom, a nitro group, a nitrile group, or an alkyl group, an allyl group or an aryl group in which part or all of the hydrogen atoms may be substituted with fluorine. It may be substituted with at least one atom or group selected from the group consisting of
- V, e, f, R s and R h are the same as those in the above formulas (4-1) and (4-2).
- the structure having a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group preferably has a structure represented by the following formula (6) in the polyarylene block copolymer of the present invention.
- V, R s and R h are the same as in the case of the formula (5).
- those not having a substituent displayed on one side mean connection with the adjacent structural unit.
- the nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group R h is preferably a pyridine ring.
- the basicity of N is originally low among nitrogen-containing heterocycles, the property of improving proton conductivity in a low humidity region is exhibited.
- V is preferably —CO— or —SO 2 —.
- —CO— When —CO— is combined with a pyridine ring, it tends to have a thermally stable structure due to the stabilization effect by conjugation.
- —SO 2 — lowers the electron density and further suppresses the basicity of nitrogen, whereby proton conductivity in a low humidity region can be particularly increased.
- a solid polymer electrolyte membrane that is imparted basicity and has high sulfonic acid stability at high temperatures without impairing proton conductivity. Obtainable.
- the amount of each structural unit is determined according to desired properties such as ion exchange capacity and molecular weight.
- the polymer segment (B) having substantially no sulfonic acid group is contained in 1 mol of the total block copolymer total segment. It is desirable that it is contained in the range of 0.001 to 0.9 mol, preferably 0.003 to 0.8 mol, more preferably 0.005 to 0.6 mol.
- the polyarylene block copolymer according to the present invention preferably has a swelling shrinkage of 20% or less.
- a swelling shrinkage amount performs the hot water test for the film which consists of a polyarylene-type block copolymer, and calculates
- the polymer segment (B) as described above since the polymer segment (B) as described above is included, it is possible to introduce sulfonic acid groups at a high concentration.
- the amount of the polymer segment (A) having a sulfonic acid group is appropriately selected according to the ion exchange capacity.
- the amount thereof is not particularly limited, but the segment including the structural unit having a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group is 0.5 mol or less in a total of 1 mol of all segments. , Preferably 0.3 mol or less, more preferably 0.1 mol or less.
- the molecular weight of the polymer of the present invention is 10,000 to 1,000,000, preferably 20,000 to 800,000, and more preferably 50,000 to 300,000 in terms of polystyrene-equivalent weight average molecular weight by gel permeation chromatography (GPC).
- the ion exchange capacity of the polymer according to the present invention is usually 0.3 to 6 meq / g, preferably 0.5 to 4 meq / g, more preferably 0.8 to 3.5 meq / g. If the ion exchange capacity is within this range, the proton conductivity is high, the power generation performance can be enhanced, and sufficiently high water resistance can be provided.
- the above-mentioned ion exchange capacity can be adjusted by changing the type, usage ratio, and combination of each structural unit. Therefore, it can be adjusted by changing the charge amount ratio and type of the precursor (monomer / oligomer) that induces the structural unit during polymerization.
- the polyarylene copolymer of the present invention can be produced using, for example, the following A1 method or B1 method. (A1 method) For example, in the method described in JP-A No.
- a compound (A) that is a structural unit of a polymer segment substantially free of a sulfonic acid group, a sulfonic acid that is a structural unit of a polymer segment having a sulfonic acid group It can be synthesized by copolymerizing the ester (B) and, if necessary, the compound (C), which is a structural unit having a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group, and converting the sulfonic acid ester group to a sulfonic acid group.
- Compound (A) to be a structural unit of a polymer segment substantially having no sulfonic acid group (hereinafter also referred to as “compound A”)
- the polymer segment having substantially no sulfonic acid group can be introduced by using, for example, a compound represented by the following formula (1-5) as a polymerization raw material for the polyarylene copolymer.
- R 1 , L, a, p and h are as defined in the above formula (1), and X ′ is a halogen atom, a nitro group, —SO 2 CH 3 and —SO 2 CF 3.
- X ′ is a halogen atom, a nitro group, —SO 2 CH 3 and —SO 2 CF 3.
- the compound represented by the above formula (1-5) can be synthesized, for example, by the following reaction.
- bis (thio) phenols represented by the following formula (1-6) and, if necessary, bis (thio) phenols represented by the following formula (1-7) are used as alkali metal salts.
- a polar solvent having a high dielectric constant such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N, N-dimethylacetamide, sulfolane, diphenylsulfone, dimethylsulfoxide
- an alkali metal such as lithium, sodium, potassium
- the alkali metal is reacted in excess with respect to the hydroxyl group of phenol, and is usually used in an amount of 1.1 to 2 times equivalent, preferably 1.2 to 1.5 times equivalent.
- it is preferable to promote the progress of the reaction by coexisting a solvent azeotropic with water such as benzene, toluene, xylene, chlorobenzene, and anisole.
- R 2 , A, l, X 1 and b are as defined in the above formula (1-1).
- R 3 , R 4 , X 2 , X 3 , A, D, b, q are as defined in the above formula (1-2).
- R 1 , a and h are as defined in the above formula (1), and Z is an atom selected from a halogen atom, a nitro group, —SO 2 CH 3 and —SO 2 CF 3 Or a group.
- Examples of the bis (thio) phenol represented by the formula (1-6) include 2-methylhydroquinone, 2,3-dimethylhydroquinone, 2-tert-butylhydroquinone, 2,5-di-1,1,3,3 -Tetramethylbutylhydroquinone, 2,5-di-tert-amylhydroquinone, 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone, and those in which these OH groups are substituted with SH groups are preferred.
- These bis (thio) phenols may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Examples of the bis (thio) phenols represented by the formula (1-7) include 1,3-bis [1-methyl-1- (4-hydroxyphenyl) ethyl] benzene (Bis-M), 1,4 -Bis [1-methyl-1- (4-hydroxyphenyl) ethyl] benzene, 1,3- (4-hydroxybenzoylbenzene), 1,4- (4-hydroxybenzoylbenzene), 1,3-bis (4 -Hydroxyphenoxy) benzene, 1,4-bis (4-hydroxyphenoxy) benzene, 1,4-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) benzene, 1,3-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) benzene, 4,4'- Isopropylidenebiphenol (Bis-A), 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) -1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane (Bis- AF), 4,4′-bishydroxybenzophenone (4,4′-DHBP), 4,4′
- Examples of the compound represented by the formula (1-8) include 2,6-dinitrobenzonitrile, 2,5-dinitrobenzonitrile, 2,4-dinitrobenzonitrile, 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile (2,6 -DCBN), 2,5-dichlorobenzonitrile (2,5-DCBN), 2,4-dichlorobenzonitrile (2,4-DBN), 2,6-difluorobenzonitrile (2,6-DFBN), 2 , 5-difluorobenzonitrile (2,5-DFBN), 2,4-difluorobenzonitrile (2,4-DFBN), and the like. These compounds may be used individually by 1 type, and may use 2 or more types together.
- Sulfonic acid ester (B) which is a structural unit of a polymer segment having a sulfonic acid group (hereinafter also referred to as “compound B”)
- the compound (B) is a monomer having a sulfonic acid group and is represented by the following formula (16).
- Ar 11 , Ar 12 , Ar 13 may be the same or different, and may be substituted with a fluorine atom, a benzene ring, a condensed aromatic ring (A naphthalene ring or the like) and at least one structure selected from the group consisting of nitrogen-containing heterocycles.
- X represents at least one structure selected from the group consisting of chlorine, bromine, iodine, methanesulfonyl group, trifluoromethanesulfonyl group, benzenesulfonyl group, and toluenesulfonyl group.
- Y represents —CO—, —CONH—, —COO—, —SO 2 —, —SO—, — (CF 2 ) 1 — (l is an integer of 1 to 10), —C (CF 3 ) 2 -Represents at least one structure selected from the group consisting of direct bonds.
- Z is —O—, —S—, direct bond, —CO—, —SO 2 —, —SO—, — (CH 2 ) l — (l is an integer of 1 to 10), —C (CH 3 ) At least one structure selected from the group consisting of 2- .
- R 22 is at least one selected from the group consisting of a direct bond, —O (CH 2 ) p —, —O (CF 2 ) p —, — (CH 2 ) p —, and — (CF 2 ) p —.
- P represents an integer of 1 to 12).
- R 23 and R 24 are at least one selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, an alkali metal atom, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, an alicyclic hydrocarbon group, and a hydrocarbon group containing a heterocycle containing oxygen as a hetero atom.
- the structure of is shown.
- x 1 is an integer from 0 to 4
- x 2 is an integer from 1 to 5
- a is an integer from 0 to 1
- b is an integer from 0 to 3.
- a is 2 or more, a plurality of Y, Z, b, x 1 , Ar 12 , Ar 13 , R 23 , and R 24 may be the same or different.
- the monomer represented by the above formula (16) preferably has a structure represented by the following formula (17).
- X represents an atom or group selected from a chlorine atom, a bromine atom and —OSO 2 Rb (where Rb represents an alkyl group, a fluorine-substituted alkyl group or an aryl group).
- C is an integer of 0 to 10, preferably 0 to 2
- d is an integer of 0 to 10, preferably 0 to 2
- k is an integer of 1 to 4.
- c and d are 2 or more, a plurality of Z, R, and k may be the same or different.
- Ar is an aromatic group having a substituent represented by —SO 3 R or —O (CH 2 ) h SO 3 R or —O (CF 2 ) h SO 3 R (h represents an integer of 1 to 12).
- R is a branched or straight chain alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, or a heterocyclic group containing oxygen as a hetero atom, and preferably has 4 to 20 carbon atoms. A part of R may be substituted with a hydrogen atom.
- Specific examples of the compound represented by the formula (17) include compounds represented by the following formulas, JP-A Nos. 2004-137444, 2004-345997, and 2004-346163.
- the sulfonic acid esters that have been described can be mentioned.
- the bonding position of the sulfonate structure is not particularly limited to the exemplified positions.
- Compound C as a structural unit having a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group (hereinafter also referred to as “compound C”))
- Compound C is a monomer having a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic structure and is represented by the following formula (24).
- Ar 10 , V, e, f, R s and R h are the same as those in the above formulas (4-1), (4-2) and (5). Moreover, X is synonymous with said Formula (16).
- W, V, R h , e and f are the same as in the above formulas (4-1), (4-2) and (5). Moreover, X is synonymous with said Formula (16).
- Specific examples of the compound (C) include the following compounds.
- Examples of a method for synthesizing Compound C include a method of subjecting a compound represented by the following formula (26) and a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound to a nucleophilic substitution reaction.
- X ′ represents a halogen atom, specifically, preferably a fluorine atom or a chlorine atom, and more preferably a fluorine atom.
- Specific examples of the compound represented by the formula (26) include 2,4-dichloro-4′-fluorobenzophenone, 2,5-dichloro-4′-fluorobenzophenone, and 2,6-dichloro-4′-fluorobenzophenone.
- the nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound has active hydrogen, and this active hydrogen is subjected to a substitution reaction with the group represented by X ′ of the compound represented by the formula (26).
- nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds having active hydrogen examples include pyrrole, thiazole, isothiazole, oxazole, isoxazole, pyridine, imidazole, imidazoline, pyrazole, 1,3,5-triazine, pyrimidine, pyritazine, pyrazine, indole, quinoline, Isoquinoline, bromine, benzimidazole, benzoxazole, benzthiazole, tetrazole, tetrazine, triazole, carbazole, acridine, quinoxaline, quinazoline, 2-hydroxypyridine, 3-hydroxypyridine, 4-hydroxypyridine, 3-hydroxyquinoline, 8-hydroxy Quinoline, 2-hydroxypyrimidine, 2-mercaptopyridine, 3-mercaptopyridine, 4-mercaptopyridine, 2-mercaptopyrimidine, 2- , And the like mercaptoethyloleates benzthiazole.
- pyrrole, imidazole, indole, carbazole, benzoxazole, benzimidazole, 2-hydroxypyridine, 3-hydroxypyridine, and 4-hydroxypyridine are preferable.
- the reaction between the compound represented by formula (26) and the nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound having active hydrogen is preferably carried out in an organic solvent.
- a polar solvent such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N, N-dimethylacetamide, sulfolane, diphenylsulfone, dimethylsulfoxide is used.
- alkali metal, alkali metal hydride, alkali metal hydroxide, alkali metal carbonate, or the like is used.
- the ratio between the compound represented by the formula (26) and the nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound having active hydrogen is such that an equimolar amount or nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound having active hydrogen is added in excess.
- the nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound having active hydrogen is preferably used in an amount of 1 to 3 times mol, particularly 1 to 1.5 times mol of the compound represented by the formula (26).
- the reaction temperature is 0 ° C to 300 ° C, preferably 10 ° C to 200 ° C.
- the reaction time is 15 minutes to 100 hours, preferably 1 hour to 24 hours.
- the product is preferably used after being purified by a method such as recrystallization.
- the above-mentioned various compounds are copolymerized to obtain a precursor.
- This copolymerization is carried out in the presence of a catalyst, and the catalyst used in this case is a catalyst system containing a transition metal compound.
- This catalyst system is (1) a transition metal salt and a ligand.
- a compound hereinafter referred to as “ligand component” or a transition metal complex coordinated with a ligand (including a copper salt) and (2) a reducing agent as essential components, and further increase the polymerization rate. Therefore, salts other than transition metal salts may be added.
- transition metal salts include nickel compounds such as nickel chloride, nickel bromide, nickel iodide and nickel acetylacetonate, palladium compounds such as palladium chloride, palladium bromide and palladium iodide, iron chloride and iron bromide. And iron compounds such as iron iodide and cobalt compounds such as cobalt chloride, cobalt bromide and cobalt iodide. Of these, nickel chloride, nickel bromide and the like are particularly preferable.
- Examples of the ligand include triphenylphosphine, tri (2-methyl) phenylphosphine, tri (3-methyl) phenylphosphine, tri (4-methyl) phenylphosphine, 2,2′-bipyridine, 1,5- Examples thereof include cyclooctadiene and 1,3-bis (diphenylphosphino) propane. Triphenylphosphine, tri (2-methyl) phenylphosphine, and 2,2′-bipyridine are preferable.
- the said ligand can be used individually by 1 type or in combination of 2 or more types.
- transition metal (salt) in which the ligand is coordinated in advance for example, nickel chloride bis (triphenylphosphine), nickel chloride bis (tri (2-methyl) phenylphosphine), nickel bromide bis (triphenyl) Phosphine), nickel iodide bis (triphenylphosphine), nickel nitrate bis (triphenylphosphine), nickel chloride (2,2′bipyridine), nickel bromide (2,2′bipyridine), nickel iodide (2,2) 'Bipyridine), nickel nitrate (2,2'bipyridine), bis (1,5-cyclooctadiene) nickel, tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) nickel, tetrakis (triphenylphosphite) nickel, tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) palladium Nickel chloride bis (Triphenylphosphine), nickel chloride bis (tri (2-methyl) phen
- Examples of the reducing agent that can be used in the catalyst system of the present invention include iron, zinc, manganese, aluminum, magnesium, sodium, and calcium, and zinc, magnesium, and manganese are preferable. These reducing agents can be used after being more activated by bringing them into contact with an acid such as an organic acid.
- salts other than transition metal salts that can be used in the catalyst system of the present invention include sodium compounds such as sodium fluoride, sodium chloride, sodium bromide, lithium bromide, sodium iodide, sodium sulfate, and fluorides.
- Examples include potassium compounds such as potassium, potassium chloride, potassium bromide, potassium iodide, and potassium sulfate, and ammonium compounds such as tetraethylammonium fluoride, tetraethylammonium chloride, tetraethylammonium bromide, tetraethylammonium iodide, and tetraethylammonium sulfate.
- sodium bromide, sodium iodide, potassium bromide, lithium bromide, tetraethylammonium bromide and tetraethylammonium iodide are preferred.
- the proportion of each component in the catalyst system is such that the transition metal salt or the transition metal (salt) coordinated with the ligand can be a structural unit represented by the above general formula (1) and the above general formula.
- the amount is generally 0.0001 to 10 mol, preferably 0.01 to 0.5 mol, based on 1 mol in total with the compound B that can be the structural unit represented by (3). Within this range, the polymerization reaction proceeds sufficiently, and the catalytic activity is high and the molecular weight can be increased. When the amount is less than the above range, the polymerization reaction does not proceed sufficiently. On the other hand, when the amount is too large, the molecular weight is lowered.
- the amount of the ligand used is usually 0.1 to 100 mol, preferably 1 to 10 mol, per 1 mol of the transition metal salt. If it exists in this range, superposition
- the ratio of the reducing agent used in the catalyst system is 1 in total of the compound A that can be the structural unit represented by the general formula (1) and the compound B that can be the structural unit represented by the general formula (3).
- the amount is usually 0.1 to 100 mol, preferably 1 to 10 mol, relative to mol. If it exists in this range, superposition
- the proportion of use is the compound A that can be a structural unit represented by the general formula (1) and the structure represented by the general formula (3).
- the amount is generally 0.001 to 100 mol, preferably 0.01 to 1 mol, relative to a total of 1 mol with compound B which can be a unit.
- the amount is less than 0.001 mol, the effect of increasing the polymerization rate is insufficient.
- the amount exceeds 100 mol, there is a problem that it is difficult to purify the resulting polymer.
- Examples of the polymerization solvent that can be used in the present invention include tetrahydrofuran, cyclohexanone, dimethyl sulfoxide, N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, ⁇ -butyrolactone, ⁇ - Examples include butyrolactam, and tetrahydrofuran, N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, and 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone are preferable. These polymerization solvents are preferably used after sufficiently dried.
- the concentration of the compound A that can be the structural unit represented by the general formula (1) and the compound B that can be the structural unit represented by the general formula (3) in the polymerization solvent is usually 1 to 90% by weight, Preferably, it is 5 to 40% by weight.
- reaction of compounds A, B and C corresponds to the composition of each structural unit with the charged amount as it is.
- the polymerization temperature for polymerizing the polymer of the present invention is usually 0 to 200 ° C., preferably 50 to 80 ° C.
- the polymerization time is usually 0.5 to 100 hours, preferably 1 to 40 hours.
- the sulfonic acid ester group contained in the obtained copolymer is converted into a sulfonic acid group (—SO 3 H).
- the polyarylene is heated at a temperature of about 80 to 120 ° C. in trifluoroacetic acid. Method of reacting for about 10 hours
- a solution containing 1 to 9 moles of lithium bromide per mole of sulfonate group (—SO 3 R) in polyarylene for example, in a solution such as N-methylpyrrolidone
- hydrochloric acid is added after the polyarylene is reacted at a temperature of about 80 to 150 ° C. for about 3 to 10 hours.
- a compound represented by the formula (1-5) and a precursor monomer that can be a structural unit represented by the above general formula (3) or (3-1) are copolymerized, and then an alkylsulfonic acid or It can also be synthesized by a method of introducing a fluorine-substituted alkylsulfonic acid.
- R 40 represents at least one atom or group selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, an alkyl group, and a fluorine-substituted alkyl group, and g is an integer of 1 to 20 Indicates.
- L represents any of a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, and an iodine atom
- M represents a hydrogen atom or an alkali metal atom.
- the membrane state When used for an ion exchange membrane or the like, it can be used in a membrane state, a solution state, or a powder state, and among these, a membrane state and a solution state are preferable (hereinafter, the membrane state is referred to as a polymer electrolyte membrane). .
- the polymer electrolyte membrane of the present invention can be produced by a casting method or the like in which the polyarylene copolymer is mixed in an organic solvent and cast on a substrate to form a film.
- the substrate is not particularly limited as long as it is a substrate used in a normal solution casting method.
- a substrate made of plastic, metal, or the like is used, and preferably a heat treatment such as a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film.
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- a substrate made of a plastic resin is used.
- the solvent for mixing the polyarylene copolymer may be any solvent that dissolves the copolymer or a solvent that swells, such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N, N-dimethylformamide, and ⁇ -butyrolactone.
- N, N-dimethylacetamide, dimethylsulfoxide, dimethylurea, dimethylimidazolidinone, acetonitrile, and other aprotic polar solvents dichloromethane, chloroform, 1,2-dichloroethane, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene and other chlorinated solvents, methanol , Ethanol, propanol, iso-propyl alcohol, sec-butyl alcohol, tert-butyl alcohol and other alcohols, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, propylene glycol Alkylene glycol monoalkyl ethers Roh ethyl ether, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, ketones such as ⁇ - butyrolactone, tetrahydrofuran, solvents such as ethers 1,3-dioxane and the like.
- solvents can be used alone or
- the composition of the mixture is 95-25% by weight of the aprotic polar solvent, preferably 90-25% by weight
- the solvent is 5 to 75% by weight, preferably 10 to 75% by weight (however, the total is 100% by weight).
- the amount of the other solvent is within the above range, the effect of lowering the solution viscosity is excellent.
- the combination of the aprotic polar solvent and the other solvent is preferably NMP as the aprotic polar solvent and methanol having an effect of lowering the solution viscosity in a wide composition range as the other solvent.
- the polymer concentration of the solution in which the copolymer and the additive are dissolved depends on the molecular weight of the sulfonic acid-containing polyarylene copolymer, but is usually 5 to 40% by weight, preferably 7 to 25% by weight. is there. If the polymer concentration is within the above range, a film having a desired film thickness can be formed, no pinholes are generated, and film formation is easy in terms of solution viscosity. Is excellent.
- the solution viscosity is usually from 2,000 to 100,000 mPa ⁇ s, preferably from 3,000 to 50, although it depends on the molecular weight of the polyarylene copolymer, the polymer concentration, and the concentration of the additive. 000 mPa ⁇ s. If the viscosity is within this range, the solution stays well during film formation, does not flow from the substrate, and is low in viscosity, so it can be easily extruded from a die and can be easily formed into a film by the casting method. It becomes.
- the organic solvent in the undried film can be replaced with water, and the amount of residual solvent in the resulting polymer electrolyte membrane is reduced. can do.
- the undried film may be preliminarily dried before the undried film is immersed in water.
- the preliminary drying is performed by holding the undried film at a temperature of usually 50 to 150 ° C. for 0.1 to 10 hours.
- the undried film When the undried film is immersed in water and dried as described above, a film with a reduced amount of residual solvent is obtained.
- the residual solvent amount of the film thus obtained is usually 5% by weight or less. Further, depending on the dipping conditions, the amount of residual solvent in the obtained film can be set to 1% by weight or less.
- the amount of water used is 50 parts by weight or more with respect to 1 part by weight of the undried film
- the temperature of the water during immersion is 10 to 60 ° C.
- the immersion time is 10 minutes to 10 hours. is there.
- the film After immersing the undried film in water as described above, the film is dried at 30-100 ° C., preferably 50-80 ° C., for 10-180 minutes, preferably 15-60 minutes, and then at 50-150 ° C.
- the film can be obtained by vacuum drying under reduced pressure of 500 mmHg to 0.1 mmHg for 0.5 to 24 hours.
- the polymer electrolyte membrane obtained by the method of the present invention has a dry film thickness of usually 10 to 100 ⁇ m, preferably 20 to 80 ⁇ m.
- the polyarylene copolymer having the sulfonic acid ester group or the alkali metal salt of sulfonic acid into a film by the method as described above, by performing an appropriate post-treatment such as hydrolysis or acid treatment.
- the polymer electrolyte membrane according to the present invention can also be produced. Specifically, a polyarylene copolymer having a sulfonic acid ester group or an alkali metal salt of sulfonic acid is formed into a film by the method described above, and then the membrane is hydrolyzed or acid-treated. A polymer electrolyte membrane made of an arylene copolymer can be produced.
- inorganic acids such as sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid, phosphoric acid glass, tungstic acid, phosphate hydrate, ⁇ -alumina proton substitution product, Inorganic proton conductor particles such as proton-introduced oxides, organic acids containing carboxylic acids, organic acids containing sulfonic acids, organic acids containing phosphonic acids, appropriate amounts of water, etc. may be used in combination.
- the copolymer obtained in each Example / Comparative Example was dissolved in an N-methylpyrrolidone buffer solution (hereinafter referred to as NMP buffer solution) and subjected to gel permeation chromatography (GPC) to obtain a number average molecular weight in terms of polystyrene ( Mn) and weight average molecular weight (Mw) were determined.
- NMP buffer solution was prepared at a ratio of NMP (3 L) / phosphoric acid (3.3 mL) / lithium bromide (7.83 g).
- the impedance at AC 10 kHz was measured in an environment of 85 ° C. and relative humidity 90%.
- a chemical impedance measurement system manufactured by NF Circuit Design Block Co., Ltd. was used as the resistance measurement device, and JW241 manufactured by Yamato Scientific Co., Ltd. was used as the constant temperature and humidity device.
- Five platinum wires were pressed at intervals of 5 mm, the distance between the wires was changed to 5 to 20 mm, and the AC resistance was measured.
- the specific resistance of the film was calculated from the distance between the lines and the resistance gradient. The reciprocal of this specific resistance corresponds to proton conductivity.
- 2,2-dimethyl-1-propanol (neopentyl alcohol) (38.8 g, 440 mmol) was added to 300 ml of pyridine and cooled to about 10 ° C.
- the crude crystals obtained above were gradually added thereto over about 30 minutes. After the total amount was added, the reaction was further stirred for 30 minutes. After the reaction, the reaction solution was poured into 1000 ml of aqueous hydrochloric acid, and the precipitated solid was collected. The obtained solid was dissolved in ethyl acetate, washed with aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution and brine, dried over magnesium sulfate, and then ethyl acetate was distilled off to obtain crude crystals. This was recrystallized from methanol to obtain white crystals of neopentyl (30-1) 3- (2,5-dichlorobenzoyl) benzenesulfonate, which was the target product.
- Example 1 Synthesis of a structural unit having no sulfonic acid group> To a 1 L three-necked flask equipped with a stirrer, thermometer, Dean-stark tube, nitrogen introduction tube, and cooling tube, 90.1 g (0.52 mol) of 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile, 59.1 g of 2-methylhydroquinone (0 .48 mol) and 85.6 g (0.62 mol) of potassium carbonate. After nitrogen substitution, 599 mL of sulfolane and 299 mL of toluene were added and stirred. The reaction solution was heated to reflux at 150 ° C. in an oil bath.
- the reaction solution was allowed to cool and then coagulated in 2395 mL of a methanol / 4 wt% (5/1 (volume ratio)) sulfuric acid solution.
- the precipitated product was filtered and stirred in 2395 mL of water at 55 ° C. for 1 hour. After filtration, the mixture was again stirred in 2395 mL of water at 55 ° C. for 1 hour. After filtration, the mixture was stirred in 2395 mL of methanol at 55 ° C. for 1 hour, filtered, and stirred again in methanol 2395 mL at 55 ° C. for 1 hour and filtered. After air drying, it was vacuum dried at 80 ° C. to obtain 100 g (yield 90%) of the target product.
- the Mn measured by GPC was 7,200. It was confirmed that the obtained compound was an oligomer represented by formula (40-1).
- the reaction system was heated with stirring (finally heated to 79 ° C.) and reacted for 3 hours. An increase in viscosity in the system was observed during the reaction.
- the polymerization reaction solution was diluted with 193 mL of DMAc, stirred for 30 minutes, and filtered using Celite as a filter aid.
- Example 2 It is represented by the following (40-2) in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 59.1 g (0.48 mol) of 2-methylhydroquinone is changed to 65.8 g (0.48 mol) of 2,3-dimethylhydroquinone. An oligomer was obtained. Mn measured by GPC was 6,500.
- Example 3 Example 1 except that 59.1 g (0.48 mol) of 2-methylhydroquinone was changed to 44.3 g (0.36 mol) of 2-methylhydroquinone and 16.5 g (0.12 mol) of 2,3-dimethylhydroquinone In the same manner as described above, an oligomer represented by the following (40-3) was obtained. Mn measured by GPC was 6,800.
- Example 4 To a 1 L three-necked flask equipped with a stirrer, thermometer, Dean-stark tube, nitrogen introduction tube, and cooling tube, 32.1 g (0.187 mol) of 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile and 27.2 g of 2-tert-butylhydroquinone (0.163 mol) and 31.0 g (0.224 mol) of potassium carbonate were weighed. After nitrogen substitution, 219 mL of sulfolane and 109 mL of toluene were added and stirred. The reaction solution was heated to reflux at 130 ° C. in an oil bath. Water produced by the reaction was trapped in a Dean-stark tube.
- the reaction solution was allowed to cool and then coagulated in 875 mL of methanol / 4 wt% (5/1 (volume ratio)) sulfuric acid solution.
- the precipitated product was filtered and stirred in 875 mL of water at 55 ° C. for 1 hour. After filtration, the mixture was again stirred in 875 mL of water at 55 ° C. for 1 hour. After filtration, the mixture was stirred in 875 mL of methanol at 55 ° C. for 1 hour, filtered, and again stirred in 875 mL of methanol at 55 ° C. for 1 hour and filtered. After air drying, it was vacuum dried at 80 ° C. to obtain 43.2 g (yield 95%) of the desired product.
- Mn measured by GPC was 4,700. It was confirmed that the obtained compound was an oligomer represented by formula (40-4).
- the reaction system was heated with stirring (finally heated to 80 ° C.) and reacted for 3 hours. An increase in viscosity in the system was observed during the reaction.
- the polymerization reaction solution was diluted with 129 mL of DMAc, stirred for 30 minutes, and filtered using Celite as a filter aid.
- Example 5 The reaction product was changed to 3,1.5 g (0.183 mol) of 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile, 27.7 g (0.167 mol) of 2-tert-butylhydroquinone, and 30.4 g (0.220 mol) of potassium carbonate.
- An oligomer represented by the following (40-5) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 4, except that the additive added to was changed to 8.6 g (0.050 mol) of 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile.
- Mn measured by GPC was 6,900.
- Example 6 Example 1 except that 59.1 g (0.48 mol) of 2-methylhydroquinone was changed to 159.3 g (0.48 mol) of 2,5-di-1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutylhydroquinone Similarly, an oligomer represented by the following (40-6) was obtained. Mn measured by GPC was 6,400.
- Example 7 The same as in Example 1 except that 59.1 g (0.48 mol) of 2-methylhydroquinone was changed to 119.2 g (0.48 mol) of 2,5-di-tert-amylhydroquinone (40-7 ) was obtained. Mn measured by GPC was 6,600.
- Example 8 2-methylhydroquinone 59.1 g (0.48 mol), 2,5-di-1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutylhydroquinone 39.83 g (0.12 mol), tert-butylhydroquinone 79.4 g (0
- the oligomer represented by the following (40-8) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount was changed to 36 mol). Mn measured by GPC was 6,400.
- Example 9 To a 1 L three-necked flask equipped with a stirrer, thermometer, Dean-stark tube, nitrogen inlet tube, and condenser tube, 90.1 g (0.52 mol) of 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile and 2,5-di-tert-butyl Weighed 26.6 g (0.12 mol) of hydroquinone, 59.4 g (0.36 mol) of 2-tert-butylhydroquinone, and 85.6 g (0.62 mol) of potassium carbonate. After substitution with nitrogen, 600 mL of sulfolane and 300 mL of toluene were added and stirred. The reaction solution was heated to reflux at 150 ° C.
- the reaction solution was allowed to cool and then coagulated in 2401 mL of a methanol / 4 wt% (5/1 (volume ratio)) sulfuric acid solution.
- the precipitated product was filtered and stirred in water (2401 mL) at 55 ° C. for 1 hour. After filtration, the mixture was again stirred in 2401 mL of water at 55 ° C. for 1 hour. After filtration, the mixture was stirred for 1 hour at 55 ° C. in 2401 mL of methanol, then filtered, and again stirred for 1 hour at 55 ° C. in 2401 mL of methanol and filtered. After air drying, it was vacuum-dried at 80 ° C. to obtain 125 g (yield 90%) of the desired product. Mn measured by GPC was 7,000. It was confirmed that the obtained compound was an oligomer represented by formula (40-9).
- the reaction system was heated with stirring (finally heated to 79 ° C.) and reacted for 3 hours. An increase in viscosity in the system was observed during the reaction.
- the polymerization reaction solution was diluted with 207 mL of DMAc, stirred for 30 minutes, and filtered using Celite as a filter aid.
- Example 10 2,6.6 g (0.12 mol) of 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone, 59.4 g (0.36 mol) of 2-tert-butylhydroquinone, 10.63 g (0 0.048 mol) and an oligomer represented by the following (40-10) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 9 except that the amount was changed to 71.2 g (0.43 mol) of 2-tert-butylhydroquinone. Mn measured by GPC was 6,900.
- Example 11 2-methylhydroquinone 59.1 g (0.48 mol), 2-methylhydroquinone 50.3 g (0.41 mol), 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) -1,1,1,3,3,3
- An oligomer represented by the following (40-11) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount was changed to 24.0 g (0.07 mol) of hexafluoropropane.
- Mn measured by GPC was 6,700.
- Example 12 The reaction product was mixed with 31.5 g (0.183 mol) of 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile, 24.9 g (0.150 mol) of 2-tert-butylhydroquinone, 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) -1,1, The amount was changed to 5.60 g (0.017 mol) of 1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane and 30.4 g (0.220 mol) of potassium carbonate, and the additive added during the reaction was changed to 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile.
- An oligomer represented by the following (40-12) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 4 except that the amount was changed to 6 g (0.050 mol). Mn measured by GPC was 7,300.
- Example 13 The reaction product was converted to 31.5 g (0.183 mol) of 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile, 22.2 g (0.133 mol) of 2-tert-butylhydroquinone, 3.67 g (0.033 mol) of hydroquinone, 30.4 g of potassium carbonate ( 0.220 mol), and the same as in Example 4 except that the additive added during the reaction was changed to 8.6 g (0.050 mol) of 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile.
- the oligomer represented was obtained.
- Mn measured by GPC was 6,700.
- Example 14 The reaction product was treated with 31.5 g (0.183 mol) of 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile, 24.9 g (0.150 mol) of 2-tert-butylhydroquinone, 1.84 g (0.017 mol) of resorcinol, 30.4 g of potassium carbonate ( 0.220 mol), and the same as in Example 4 except that the additive added during the reaction was changed to 8.6 g (0.050 mol) of 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile.
- the oligomer represented was obtained. Mn measured by GPC was 6,200.
- Example 15 2,6.6 g (0.12 mol) of 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone, 59.4 g (0.36 mol) of 2-tert-butylhydroquinone, and 26.6 g (0 0.048 mol) and an oligomer represented by the following (40-15) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 9, except that the amount was changed to 47.5 g (0.29 mol) of 2-tert-butylhydroquinone.
- the Mn measured by GPC was 7,200.
- Example 16 2-tert-butylhydroquinone (59.1 g, 0.48 mol), 2-tert-butylhydroquinone (10.6 g, 0.048 mol), 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) -1,1,1,3 2,4.0 g (0.07 mol) of 3,3-hexafluoropropane was converted into 144.1 g (0.43 mol) of 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) -1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane.
- the oligomer (40-16) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 12, except for changing to).
- the Mn measured by GPC was 7,200.
- the reaction solution was allowed to cool and then diluted by adding 250 mL of toluene.
- Inorganic salts insoluble in the reaction solution were filtered, and the filtrate was poured into 8 L of methanol to precipitate the product.
- the precipitated product was filtered and dried, then dissolved in 500 mL of tetrahydrofuran, and poured into 5 L of methanol for reprecipitation.
- the precipitated white powder was filtered and dried to obtain 258 g of the desired product.
- Mn measured by GPC was 8,200. It was confirmed that the obtained compound was an oligomer represented by formula (60-1).
- the reaction system was heated with stirring (finally heated to 79 ° C.) and reacted for 3 hours. An increase in viscosity in the system was observed during the reaction.
- the polymerization reaction solution was diluted with 373 mL of DMAc, stirred for 30 minutes, and filtered using Celite as a filter aid.
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Abstract
Description
[1]スルホン酸基を有するポリマーセグメント(A)およびスルホン酸基を実質的に有しないポリマーセグメント(B)を有し、前記スルホン酸基を実質的に有しないポリマーセグメント(B)が下記式(1)で表わされる構造単位を有する、ポリアリーレン系ブロック共重合体。
[2]スルホン酸基を有しないポリマーセグメント(B)を誘導する下記式(1')で表される前駆体のポリスチレン換算の数平均分子量が1,000~50,000である、[1]のポリアリーレン系ブロック共重合体。
[3]上記式(1)において、pが2~150である、[1]または[2]のポリアリーレン系ブロック共重合体。
[4]上記式(1-1)で表わされる構造単位と上記式(1-2)で表わされる構造単位をモル比(1-1):(1-2)で100:0~50:50の割合で含む、[1]~[3]のポリアリーレン系ブロック共重合体。
[5]上記式(1-1)で表わされる構造単位が、下記式(1-3)で表わされる構造単位と下記式(1-4)で表わされる構造単位をモル比(1-3):(1-4)で10:90~90:10の割合で含む、[1]~[4]のポリアリーレン系ブロック共重合体。
[6]スルホン酸基を有するポリマーセグメント(A)が下記式(3)で表される構造単位を有する、[1]~[4]のポリアリーレン系ブロック共重合体。
ただし、上記式中に含まれる全てのR23およびR24のうち少なくとも1個は水素原子である。
[7]前記[1]~[6]のポリアリーレン系ブロック共重合体からなる高分子電解質。
[8]前記[1]~[7]のポリアリーレン系ブロック共重合体からなるプロトン伝導膜。
[ポリアリーレン系共重合体]
本発明のポリアリーレン系共重合体は、スルホン酸基を有するポリマーセグメント(A)およびスルホン酸基を実質的に有しないポリマーセグメント(B)を有する。共重合体としては、これらのセグメントを有するかぎり、その構造は特に制限なく、ランダム共重合体、ブロック共重合体のいずれであってもよく、またこれらの混合物であってもよい。とくに本発明では、ブロック共重合体が好ましい。
[スルホン酸基を実質的に有しないポリマーセグメント]
前記スルホン酸基を実質的に有しないポリマーセグメント(B)は、下記式(1)で表わされる構造単位を有する。
この比率は、後述するスルホン酸基を実質的に有しないポリマーセグメントの構造単位となる化合物(A)を調製する際の式(1-6)、(1-7)の化合物の比率によって調整することが可能となる。
このようにR2の置換基数が異なうように構造単位を併用することは、ポリマーセグメント(B)中の立体規則性が緩和され、製膜用ワニス溶剤への溶解性が高まるため好ましい。
[スルホン酸基を有する構造単位]
スルホン酸基を有するポリマーセグメント(A)としては、特に限定されるものではないが、下記式(3)で表される構造単位を含むことが好ましい。
[含窒素複素環基を有する構造単位]
本発明では、含窒素複素環基を有する構造単位を含んでいてもよく、かかる含窒素複素環基は、下記式(4-1)で表される構造を有するものである。
-(Rs)e-(V-Rh)f ・・・(4-1)
式中、Vは、2価の有機基であれば特に限定されないが、好ましくは、-O-、-S-、直接結合、-CO-、-SO2-又は-または-SO-からなる群より選ばれた少なくとも1種の構造を示す。
-Rs-V-Rh ・・・(4-2b)
Rhは含窒素複素環基を示し、窒素を含む5員環、6員環構造が挙げられる。また、複素環内の窒素原子の数は、1個以上あれば特に制限されない、また複素環内には、窒素以外に、酸素や硫黄を含んでいても良い。
本発明にかかるポリアリーレン系ブロック共重合体は、膨潤収縮量が20%以下であることが好ましい。
なお、膨潤収縮量は、後述する実施例に示すように、ポリアリーレン系ブロック共重合体からなるフィルムを熱水試験を行い、膨潤率および収縮率から求める。
[ポリアリーレン系共重合体の製造方法]
本発明のポリアリーレン系共重合体は、例えば下記に示すA1法またはB1法を用いて製造することができる。
(A1法)
例えば、特開2004-137444号公報に記載の方法で、スルホン酸基を実質的に有しないポリマーセグメントの構造単位となる化合物(A)、スルホン酸基を有するポリマーセグメントの構造単位となるスルホン酸エステル(B)、および必要に応じて、含窒素複素環基を有する構造単位となる化合物(C)を共重合させ、スルホン酸エステル基をスルホン酸基に変換することにより合成することができる。
(スルホン酸基を実質的に有しないポリマーセグメントの構造単位となる化合物(A)(以下、「化合物A」ともいう。))
スルホン酸基を実質的に有しないポリマーセグメントは、ポリアリーレン系共重合体の重合原料として、例えば、下記式(1-5)で示される化合物を使用することにより導入することができる。
(スルホン酸基を有するポリマーセグメントの構造単位となるスルホン酸エステル(B)(以下、「化合物B」ともいう。))
化合物(B)は、スルホン酸基を有するモノマーであり、下記式(16)で表される。
(含窒素複素環基を有する構造単位となる化合物(C)(以下、「化合物C」ともいう。))
化合物Cは、含窒素複素環構造を有するモノマーであり、下記式(24)で表される。
また、Xは上記式(16)と同義である。
式(26)で表される化合物と活性水素を有する含窒素複素環化合物との反応は、有機溶媒中で行うことが好ましい。N-メチル-2-ピロリドン、N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド、スルホラン、ジフェニルスルホン、ジメチルスルホキシドなどの極性溶媒を用いる。反応を促進するために、アルカリ金属、水素化アルカリ金属、水酸化アルカリ金属、アルカリ金属炭酸塩などを用いる。式(26)で表される化合物と、活性水素を有する含窒素複素環化合物との比率は、等モルもしくは活性水素を有する含窒素複素環化合物を過剰に加えて反応させる。具体的には、活性水素を有する含窒素複素環化合物は式(26)で表される化合物の1~3倍モル、特に1~1.5倍モル使用することが好ましい。
重合方法
目的のポリアリーレン系共重合体を得るためは、まず、上記各種化合物を共重合させ前駆体を得る。この共重合は、触媒の存在下に行われるが、この際使用される触媒は、遷移金属化合物を含む触媒系であり、この触媒系としては、(1)遷移金属塩および配位子となる化合物(以下、「配位子成分」という。)、または配位子が配位された遷移金属錯体(銅塩を含む)、ならびに(2)還元剤を必須成分とし、さらに、重合速度を上げるために、遷移金属塩以外の塩を添加してもよい。
触媒系において、遷移金属塩および配位子を用いる場合、この配位子の使用割合は、遷移金属塩1モルに対し、通常、0.1~100モル、好ましくは1~10モルである。この範囲にあれば、重合が充分に進行し、高収率で重合体を得ることができ、重合体の精製も容易である。
(1)少量の塩酸を含む過剰量の水またはアルコールに、上記ポリアリーレンを投入し、5分間以上撹拌する方法
(2)トリフルオロ酢酸中で上記ポリアリーレンを80~120℃程度の温度で5~10時間程度反応させる方法
(3)ポリアリーレン中のスルホン酸エステル基(-SO3R)1モルに対して1~9倍モルのリチウムブロマイドを含む溶液、例えばN-メチルピロリドンなどの溶液中で上記ポリアリーレンを80~150℃程度の温度で3~10時間程度反応させた後、塩酸を添加する方法
などを挙げることができる。
(B1法)
B1法では、一般式(3)または(3-1)において、Arが-O(CH2)pSO3Hまたは-O(CF2)pSO3Hで表される置換基を有する芳香族基である場合には、例えば、特願2003-295974号(特開2005-60625号公報)に記載の方法で、上記一般式(1)で表される構造単位となりうる前駆体(前駆体化合物(式(1-5)で表される化合物)と上記一般式(3)または(3-1)で表される構造単位となりうる前駆体のモノマーとを共重合させ、次にアルキルスルホン酸またはフッ素置換されたアルキルスルホン酸を導入する方法で合成することもできる。
Xはハロゲン原子であり、R"は炭化水素基であり、Ar"はOR"基またはSR"基(R"は炭化水素基)を有する芳香族基を示す。
[電解質膜の製造方法]
本発明のポリアリーレン系共重合体は、上記共重合体からなるが、一次電池用電解質、二次電池用電解質、燃料電池用高分子固体電解質、表示素子、各種センサー、信号伝達媒体、固体コンデンサー、イオン交換膜などに用いる場合、膜状態、溶液状態、粉体状態で用いることが考えられるが、このうち膜状態、溶液状態が好ましい(以下、膜状態のことを高分子電解質膜と呼ぶ)。
このような条件としては、たとえば、未乾燥フィルム1重量部に対する水の使用量が50重量部以上であり、浸漬する際の水の温度が10~60℃、浸漬時間が10分~10時間である。
各実施例・比較例で得られた共重合体をN-メチルピロリドン/メタノール溶液に溶解させた後、アプリケーターを用いてPET基板上にキャスティングし、オーブンを用いて60℃×30分、80℃×40分、120℃×60分乾燥させた。乾燥した膜を脱イオン水に浸漬した。浸漬後、50℃で45分乾燥させることにより評価用の膜を得た。
各実施例・比較例で得られた共重合体をN-メチルピロリドン緩衝溶液(以下、NMP緩衝溶液という。)に溶解し、ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー(GPC)によって、ポリスチレン換算の数平均分子量(Mn)および重量平均分子量(Mw)を求めた。NMP緩衝溶液は、NMP(3L)/リン酸(3.3mL)/臭化リチウム(7.83g)の比率で調製した。
得られたスルホン化ポリマーの水洗水が中性になるまで蒸留水で洗浄して、フリーの残存している酸を除去した後、乾燥させた。この後、所定量を秤量し、THF/水の混合溶剤に溶解させ、フェノールフタレインを指示薬として、NaOHの標準液にて滴定し、中和点から、スルホン酸基の当量(イオン交換容量)(meq/g)を求めた。
フィルムを2.0cm×3.0cmにカットし秤量して、試験用のテストピースとした。24℃、相対湿度(RH)50%条件下にて状態調整した後、このフィルムを、ポリカーボネート製の250ml瓶に入れ、そこに約100mlの蒸留水を加え、プレッシャークッカー試験機(HIRAYAMA MFS CORP製、 PC-242HS)を用いて、120℃で24時間加温した。試験終了後、各フィルムを熱水中から取り出し、軽く表面の水をキムワイプで拭き取り、寸法を測定し膨潤率を求めた。この膜を24℃、RH50%条件下で状態調整し、水を留去して、熱水試験後の膜の寸法を測定し収縮率を求めた。膨潤収縮量は、下記式にしたがって求めた。
膨潤率=(含水時の2cm辺の寸法/2+含水時の3cm辺の寸法/3)×100/2
収縮率=(乾燥時の2cm辺の寸法/2+乾燥時の3cm辺の寸法/3)×100/2
膨潤収縮量=(膨潤率-100)+(100-収縮率)
[プロトン伝導度の測定]
交流抵抗は、5mm幅の短冊状の試料膜の表面に、白金線(f=0.5mm)を押し当て、恒温恒湿装置中に試料を保持し、白金線間の交流インピーダンス測定から求めた。すなわち、85℃、相対湿度90%の環境下で交流10kHzにおけるインピーダンスを測定した。抵抗測定装置として、(株)NF回路設計ブロック製のケミカルインピーダンス測定システムを用い、恒温恒湿装置には、(株)ヤマト科学製のJW241を使用した。
白金線は、5mm間隔に5本押し当てて、線間距離を5~20mmに変化させ、交流抵抗を測定した。線間距離と抵抗の勾配から、膜の比抵抗を算出した。この比抵抗の逆数がプロトン伝導度に相当する。
<スルホン酸基を有する構造単位の合成>
攪拌機、冷却管を備えた3Lの三口フラスコに、クロロスルホン酸(233.0g、2mol)を加え、続いて2,5-ジクロロベンゾフェノン(100.4g、400mmol)を加え、100℃のオイルバスで8時間反応させた。所定時間後、反応液を砕氷(1000g)にゆっくりと注ぎ、酢酸エチルで抽出した。有機層を食塩水で洗浄、硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥後、酢酸エチルを留去し、淡黄色の粗結晶(3-(2,5-ジクロロベンゾイル)ベンゼンスルホン酸クロリド)を得た。粗結晶は精製することなく、そのまま次工程に用いた。
撹拌羽根、温度計、窒素導入管を取り付けた2Lの3口フラスコに、フルオロベンゼン240.2g(2.50mol)を取り、氷浴で10℃まで冷却し、2,5-ジクロロ安息香酸クロライド134.6g(0.50mol)、塩化アルミニウム86.7g(0.65mol)を反応温度が40℃を超えないように徐々に添加した。添加後、40℃で8時間撹拌した。薄層クロマトグラフィーにより原料の消失を確認した後、氷水に滴下し、酢酸エチルから抽出を行った。5%重曹水により中和した後、飽和食塩水で洗浄し、硫酸マグネシウムにより乾燥させた後、エバポレーターでにより溶媒を留去した。メタノールから再結晶を行うことにより、中間体の2,5-ジクロロ-4'-フルオロベンゾフェノンを得た。収量は130gであり、収率は97%であった。なお、収率は、収率(%)=(生成物収量/理論生成量)×100により算出し、以下同様とする。
<スルホン酸基を有しない構造単位の合成>
攪拌機、温度計、Dean-stark管、窒素導入管、冷却管をとりつけた1Lの三口フラスコに、2,6-ジクロロベンゾニトリル90.1g(0.52mol)、2-メチルハイドロキノン59.1g(0.48mol)、炭酸カリウム85.6g(0.62mol)をはかりとった。窒素置換後、スルホラン599mL、トルエン299mLを加えて攪拌した。オイルバスで反応液を150℃で加熱還流させた。反応によって生成する水はDean-stark管にトラップした。3時間後、水の生成がほとんど認められなくなったところで、トルエンをDean-stark管から系外に除去した。徐々に反応温度を180から190℃に上げ、3時間攪拌を続けた後、2,6-ジクロロベンゾニトリル24.6g(0.14mol)を加え、さらに5時間反応させた。
GPCで測定したMnは7,200であった。得られた化合物は式(40-1)で表されるオリゴマーであることを確認した。
上記(30-1)で表される化合物38.99g(97.1mmol)と、上記(30-2)で表される化合物0.334g(0.97mmol)と、上記(40-1)で表される化合物14.05g(1.95mmol)、ビス(トリフェニルホスフィン)ニッケルジクロリド1.96g(3.0mmol)、トリフェニルホスフィン2.36g(9mmol)、亜鉛11.77g(180mmol)の混合物中に乾燥したジメチルアセトアミド(DMAc)160mLを窒素下で加えた。
2-メチルハイドロキノン59.1g(0.48mol)を、2,3-ジメチルハイドロキノン65.8g(0.48mol)へ変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして下記(40-2)で表されるオリゴマーを得た。GPCで測定したMnは6,500であった。
2-メチルハイドロキノン59.1g(0.48mol)を、2-メチルハイドロキノン44.3g(0.36mol)、2,3-ジメチルハイドロキノン16.5g(0.12mol)へ変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして下記(40-3)で表されるオリゴマーを得た。GPCで測定したMnは6,800であった。
攪拌機、温度計、Dean-stark管、窒素導入管、冷却管をとりつけた1Lの三口フラスコに、2,6-ジクロロベンゾニトリル32.1g(0.187mol)、2-tert-ブチルハイドロキノン27.2g(0.163mol)、炭酸カリウム31.0g(0.224mol)をはかりとった。窒素置換後、スルホラン219mL、トルエン109mLを加えて攪拌した。オイルバスで反応液を130℃で加熱還流させた。反応によって生成する水はDean-stark管にトラップした。3時間後、水の生成がほとんど認められなくなったところで、トルエンをDean-stark管から系外に除去した。徐々に反応温度を180から190℃に上げ、7時間攪拌を続けた後、2,6-ジクロロベンゾニトリル12.0g(0.070mol)を加え、さらに5時間反応させた。
反応物を2,6-ジクロロベンゾニトリル31.5g(0.183mol)、2-tert-ブチルハイドロキノン27.7g(0.167mol)、炭酸カリウム30.4g(0.220mol)へ変更し、反応中に加える添加物を2,6-ジクロロベンゾニトリル8.6g(0.050mol)へ変更した以外は、実施例4と同様にして下記(40-5)で表されるオリゴマーを得た。GPCで測定したMnは6,900であった。
2-メチルハイドロキノン59.1g(0.48mol)を、2,5-ジ-1,1,3,3-テトラメチルブチルハイドロキノン159.3g(0.48mol)へ変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして下記(40-6)で表されるオリゴマーを得た。GPCで測定したMnは6,400であった。
2-メチルハイドロキノン59.1g(0.48mol)を、2,5-ジ-tert-アミルハイドロキノン119.2g(0.48mol)へ変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして下記(40-7)で表されるオリゴマーを得た。GPCで測定したMnは6,600であった。
2-メチルハイドロキノン59.1g(0.48mol)を、2,5-ジ-1,1,3,3-テトラメチルブチルハイドロキノン39.83g(0.12mol)、tert-ブチルハイドロキノン79.4g(0.36mol)へ変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして下記(40-8)で表されるオリゴマーを得た。GPCで測定したMnは6,400であった。
攪拌機、温度計、Dean-stark管、窒素導入管、冷却管をとりつけた1Lの三口フラスコに、2,6-ジクロロベンゾニトリル90.1g(0.52mol)、2,5-ジ-tert-ブチルハイドロキノン26.6g(0.12mol)、2-tert-ブチルハイドロキノン59.4g(0.36mol)、炭酸カリウム85.6g(0.62mol)をはかりとった。窒素置換後、スルホラン600mL、トルエン300mLを加えて攪拌した。オイルバスで反応液を150℃で加熱還流させた。反応によって生成する水はDean-stark管にトラップした。3時間後、水の生成がほとんど認められなくなったところで、トルエンをDean-stark管から系外に除去した。徐々に反応温度を180から190℃に上げ、3時間攪拌を続けた後、2,6-ジクロロベンゾニトリル24.6g(0.14mol)を加え、さらに5時間反応させた。
GPCで測定したMnは7,000であった。得られた化合物は式(40-9)で表されるオリゴマーであることを確認した。
2,5-ジ-tert-ブチルハイドロキノン26.6g(0.12mol)、2-tert-ブチルハイドロキノン59.4g(0.36mol)を、2,5-ジ-tert-ブチルハイドロキノン10.63g(0.048mol)、2-tert-ブチルハイドロキノン71.2g(0.43mol)へ変更した以外は、実施例9と同様にして下記(40-10)で表されるオリゴマーを得た。GPCで測定したMnは6,900であった。
2-メチルハイドロキノン59.1g(0.48mol)を、2-メチルハイドロキノン50.3g(0.41mol)、2,2-ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)-1,1,1,3,3,3-ヘキサフルオロプロパン24.0g(0.07mol)へ変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして下記(40-11)で表されるオリゴマーを得た。GPCで測定したMnは6,700であった。
反応物を2,6-ジクロロベンゾニトリル31.5g(0.183mol)、2-tert-ブチルハイドロキノン24.9g(0.150mol)、2,2-ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)-1,1,1,3,3,3-ヘキサフルオロプロパン5.60g(0.017mol)、炭酸カリウム30.4g(0.220mol)へ変更し、反応中に加える添加物を2,6-ジクロロベンゾニトリル8.6g(0.050mol)へ変更した以外は、実施例4と同様にして下記(40-12)で表されるオリゴマーを得た。GPCで測定したMnは7,300であった。
反応物を2,6-ジクロロベンゾニトリル31.5g(0.183mol)、2-tert-ブチルハイドロキノン22.2g(0.133mol)、ハイドロキノン3.67g(0.033mol)、炭酸カリウム30.4g(0.220mol)へ変更し、反応中に加える添加物を2,6-ジクロロベンゾニトリル8.6g(0.050mol)へ変更した以外は、実施例4と同様にして下記(40-13)で表されるオリゴマーを得た。
GPCで測定したMnは6,700であった。
反応物を2,6-ジクロロベンゾニトリル31.5g(0.183mol)、2-tert-ブチルハイドロキノン24.9g(0.150mol)、レゾルシノール1.84g(0.017mol)、炭酸カリウム30.4g(0.220mol)へ変更し、反応中に加える添加物を2,6-ジクロロベンゾニトリル8.6g(0.050mol)へ変更した以外は、実施例4と同様にして下記(40-14)で表されるオリゴマーを得た。
GPCで測定したMnは6,200であった。
2,5-ジ-tert-ブチルハイドロキノン26.6g(0.12mol)、2-tert-ブチルハイドロキノン59.4g(0.36mol)を、2,5-ジ-tert-ブチルハイドロキノン26.6g(0.048mol)、2-tert-ブチルハイドロキノン47.5g(0.29mol)へ変更した以外は、実施例9と同様にして下記(40-15)で表されるオリゴマーを得た。GPCで測定したMnは7,200であった。
2-tert-ブチルハイドロキノン59.1g(0.48mol)を2-tert-ブチルハイドロキノン10.6g(0.048mol)、2,2-ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)-1,1,1,3,3,3-ヘキサフルオロプロパン24.0g(0.07mol)を2,2-ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)-1,1,1,3,3,3-ヘキサフルオロプロパン144.1g(0.43mol)へ変更した以外は、実施例12と同様にしてオリゴマー(40-16)を得た。GPCで測定したMnは7,200であった。また、上記(30-1)で表される化合物38.96g(97.0mmol)と、上記(30-2)で表される化合物0.334g(0.97mmol)と、上記(40-16)で表される化合物14.05g(1.95mmol)、臭化リチウム29.51g(340mmol)へ変更した以外は、実施例9と同様にして(50-16)で表されるポリマーを得た。得られたポリマーの分子量をGPCで測定した結果、イオン交換容量を表1に示す。
攪拌機、温度計、Dean-stark管、窒素導入管、冷却管をとりつけた1Lの三口フラスコに、2,6-ジクロロベンゾニトリル154.8g(0.9mol)、2,2-ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)-1,1,1,3,3,3-ヘキサフルオロプロパン269.0g(0.8mol)、炭酸カリウム143.7g(1.04mol)をはかりとった。窒素置換後、スルホラン1020mL、トルエン510mLを加えて攪拌した。
オイルバスで反応液を150℃で加熱還流させた。反応によって生成する水はDean-stark管にトラップした。3時間後、水の生成がほとんど認められなくなったところで、トルエンをDean-stark管から系外に除去した。徐々に反応温度を200℃に上げ、3時間攪拌を続けた後、2,6-ジクロロベンゾニトリル51.6g(0.3mol)を加え、さらに5時間反応させた。
Claims (8)
- スルホン酸基を有するポリマーセグメント(A)およびスルホン酸基を実質的に有しないポリマーセグメント(B)を有し、前記スルホン酸基を実質的に有しないポリマーセグメント(B)が下記式(1)で表わされる構造単位を有する、ポリアリーレン系ブロック共重合体。
- スルホン酸基を有しないポリマーセグメント(B)を誘導する下記式(1')で表される前駆体のポリスチレン換算の数平均分子量が1,000~50,000である、請求項1に記載のポリアリーレン系ブロック共重合体。
- 上記式(1)において、pが2~150である、請求項1または2に記載のポリアリーレン系ブロック共重合体。
- 上記式(1-1)で表わされる構造単位と上記式(1-2)で表わされる構造単位をモル比(1-1):(1-2)で100:0~50:50の割合で含む、請求項1~3のいずれかに記載のポリアリーレン系ブロック共重合体。
- スルホン酸基を有するポリマーセグメント(A)が下記式(3)で表される構造単位を有する、請求項1~4のいずれかに記載のポリアリーレン系ブロック共重合体。
R22は、直接結合、-O(CH2)p-、-O(CF2)p-、-(CH2)p-または-(CF2)p-を示す(pは、1~12の整数を示す)。R23、R24は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、アルカリ金属原子または脂肪族炭化水素基、脂環基、酸素を含む複素環基を示す。
ただし、上記式中に含まれる全てのR23およびR24のうち少なくとも1個は水素原子である。
x1は0~4の整数、x2は1~5の整数、aは0~1の整数、bは0~3の整数を示す。) - 請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載のポリアリーレン系ブロック共重合体からなる高分子電解質。
- 請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載のポリアリーレン系ブロック共重合体からなるプロトン伝導膜。
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