WO2011155017A1 - 充電状態推定装置 - Google Patents
充電状態推定装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011155017A1 WO2011155017A1 PCT/JP2010/059626 JP2010059626W WO2011155017A1 WO 2011155017 A1 WO2011155017 A1 WO 2011155017A1 JP 2010059626 W JP2010059626 W JP 2010059626W WO 2011155017 A1 WO2011155017 A1 WO 2011155017A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/389—Measuring internal impedance, internal conductance or related variables
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/367—Software therefor, e.g. for battery testing using modelling or look-up tables
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/396—Acquisition or processing of data for testing or for monitoring individual cells or groups of cells within a battery
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a state-of-charge estimating apparatus that repeatedly performs charging and discharging, for example, estimating a state of charge (SOC) of a battery such as a lithium ion secondary battery.
- SOC state of charge
- Patent Document 1 uses a simplified equivalent circuit model of a battery when estimating an open circuit voltage. In order to obtain an open circuit voltage by calculation, the voltage, current, temperature, resistance, capacitance, etc. Although the control information and the parameter information representing the battery characteristics are used, the same battery parameter is used for the constant voltage control and the constant current control.
- the charge state value can be estimated from the open circuit voltage using an equivalent circuit model from the measured current and voltage, but the internal resistance that greatly affects the accuracy of the estimated charge state value is the current, Since it is composed of a diffusion resistance or an electrode reaction resistance that exhibits nonlinear characteristics with respect to voltage, it is difficult to estimate a state of charge using a conventional equivalent circuit model described by a linear resistance.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above, and an object of the present invention is to obtain a state-of-charge estimation device capable of accurately estimating a state of charge and a deterioration state of a battery.
- the present invention is a charging state estimation device that is connected to a power storage device in which a plurality of batteries are connected and estimates a charging state value indicating a remaining capacity of the power storage device. And based on a battery capacity, a previous value of the estimated state of charge, and a current value flowing in and out between the power storage device and a current control device that controls a charge / discharge amount of the power storage device.
- a first calculation unit that calculates the current value of the calculated charge state estimated value as a first charge state estimated value, and at the time of constant current control that charges the power storage device with a constant current, an equivalent circuit model of the battery, While calculating the charging state estimated value calculated based on the voltage value of the battery as the current value of the second charging state estimated value, at the time of constant voltage control for charging the power storage device with a constant voltage, the battery Equivalent circuit model
- a second calculation unit that calculates a current value of the estimated state of charge calculated in consideration of a resistance change of the battery based on the voltage value of the battery and the second state of charge as the second state of charge estimated value; And a correction calculation unit that periodically corrects the state of charge estimated value with the second state of charge estimated value.
- the open circuit voltage and the charging state of the battery are estimated from the equivalent circuit model including the non-linear resistance at the time of constant voltage control, the charging state of the battery In addition, there is an effect that the deterioration state can be accurately estimated.
- FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a power storage device to which a charge state estimation device according to an embodiment of the present invention is applied.
- FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram of an electric power storage system to which the charge state estimation device according to the embodiment of the present invention is applied.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart for explaining the SOC estimation process performed by the state-of-charge estimation apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram of the first arithmetic unit according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a distributed constant system equivalent circuit model of the electricity storage device applicable to the second calculation according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a lumped-constant equivalent circuit model of the electricity storage device applicable to the second calculation according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a power storage device to which a charge state estimation device according to an embodiment of the present invention is applied.
- FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram of an electric power storage system to which the
- FIG. 7A is a diagram illustrating a relationship between the second calculation unit 31 and the data bank 202.
- FIG. 7B is a diagram for explaining the operation of the second estimation process by the second calculation unit 31.
- FIG. 8A shows the configuration of the deterioration amount calculation unit 35.
- FIG. 8-2 is a diagram for explaining operations of the voltage simulation unit 231 and the resistance / capacitance calculation unit 232.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining the relationship between the product of the resistance and the capacitance of the capacitor and the battery capacity.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining the operation of the resistance value calculation unit according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram for explaining a change in resistance during constant voltage control.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the SOC calculation accuracy in a deteriorated battery.
- FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a power storage device 1 to which a charge state estimation device according to an embodiment of the present invention is applied.
- the power storage device 1 includes battery modules 11-1 to 1n-m in which k unit cells are connected in series.
- the battery module 11-1 is the first battery module in a row, and is obtained by connecting the cells 1-1 to 1-k in series.
- the battery module 12-1 is the second battery module in the first row
- the battery module 1n-1 is the nth battery module in the first row.
- the battery module 11-2 is the first battery module in the second row
- the battery module 12-2 is the second battery module in the second row
- the battery module 1n-2 is the second battery module in the second row.
- the battery module 11-m is the first battery module in the m row
- the battery module 12-m is the second battery module in the m row
- the battery module 1n-m is the nth battery module in the m row. Therefore, the total number of cells is n ⁇ m ⁇ k.
- Each of the cells 1-1 to 1-k is a power storage device that can be repeatedly charged and discharged, such as a lithium ion secondary battery, and the charge state value can be observed from the open circuit voltage value.
- Nickel metal hydride batteries, lead storage batteries, electric double layer capacitors, lithium ion capacitors, and the like can also be used as power storage devices constituting the power direct storage device.
- the power storage device 1 may be provided with a breaker, a battery monitoring device, and the like, which are omitted here.
- the terminal voltage of the entire power storage device is the total voltage Vall
- the total current of the charge / discharge current is Iall
- the charging direction is positive.
- the voltage caused by the resistance component of the conductor or cable used for connection between the terminals is added to Vall.
- the voltage at zero current is the open circuit voltage.
- the open circuit voltage and the SOC have a one-to-one relationship under a constant temperature environment, and the SOC generally indicates a monotonically increasing function with respect to the open circuit voltage.
- FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram of a power storage system to which the state-of-charge estimation device according to the embodiment of the present invention is applied.
- the power storage device 1 is controlled by the current control device 3 based on a command from the controller 2.
- the controller 2 includes an A / D converter 203, a data bank 202, and a parameter calculation unit 201.
- the controller 2 is a charge state estimation device according to the present embodiment.
- the A / D converter 203 includes analog signals sent from the total voltage sensor 4a, the total current detection sensor 4b, and the temperature sensor 4c in the power storage system, and each cell voltage sensor (not shown) in the power storage device 1.
- the analog signal 4d to be sent is converted into a digital signal.
- the data bank 202 stores battery data and stores an expression describing the relationship between the open circuit voltage and the SOC, or a data table indicating this relationship. Since the relationship between the open circuit voltage and the SOC differs depending on the type of the electricity storage device to be used and the electrode material types of the positive electrode and the negative electrode, it is obtained by input or measurement in advance. As a method for obtaining it, open circuit voltage data is obtained when a known constant current is applied for a certain period of time and the SOC is changed at a constant interval in an environment controlled at a constant temperature. It is desirable to measure the open circuit voltage after maintaining a zero current state for several hours. The open circuit voltage can also be obtained from the state in which the power storage device 1 is incorporated in the system, and is executed at the beginning of the control program, or the program is executed using a long unused period or maintenance period. It can also be done manually.
- the method of obtaining from the fully discharged state is a method of obtaining an open circuit voltage with respect to the SOC by charging at a constant SOC interval with the state of charge at the time of complete discharge discharged to the lower limit voltage of the battery being zero.
- the method from the fully charged state is a method in which the SOC is changed at a constant SOC interval by setting the SOC in a state of being charged by constant current and constant voltage charging up to the upper limit voltage of the battery as 100% and changing the SOC. Comparing the two results in a more stable state when measured from the state of charge, and the accuracy of the data is higher.
- the current control device 3 controls the charge / discharge amount of the power storage device 1 according to a command from the parameter calculation unit 201 in the controller 2.
- the current control device 3 outputs the power supplied from the AC grid 7 via the power conversion device 6 and the power stored in the power storage device 1 to the motor 5.
- the current control device 3 stores the power generated by the motor / generator 5 in the power storage device 1, and for the power exceeding the capacity of the power storage device 1, the AC grid 7 is connected via the power conversion device 6.
- the AC grid 7 is, for example, an AC power supply network that supplies power to the railway vehicle.
- the parameter calculation unit 201 includes a first calculation unit 30, a second calculation unit 31, and a correction calculation unit 32 as illustrated in FIG. 2.
- the first computing unit 30 is configured to calculate a first charge state estimated value (hereinafter simply referred to as “(first SOC)”) based on the battery capacity (Ah) and the integrated value of the energized electricity during battery charging / discharging. Is calculated.
- the second calculation unit 31 uses the open circuit voltage calculated from the equivalent circuit model having the resistance component and the capacitor component, and the relationship between the open circuit voltage and the charge state estimated value, to calculate a second charge state estimated value (hereinafter referred to as the second charged state estimated value Simply referred to as “(second SOC)”.
- the second calculation unit 31 calculates the charge state estimated value from the open circuit voltage during the second estimation process for estimating the charge state estimated value in a current zero state and the constant current control in which the voltage changes.
- a third estimation process for estimation and a fourth estimation process for estimating the charge state estimation value from the open circuit voltage during constant voltage control controlled at a constant voltage are executed.
- the correction calculation unit 32 periodically corrects the SOC estimated by the first calculation unit 30 with the SOC estimated by the second calculation unit 31.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart for explaining the SOC estimation process performed by the state-of-charge estimation apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- the flowchart shown in FIG. 3 is repeated at the same time interval as the interval for acquiring data.
- This time interval means an acquisition interval of each data of current, voltage, and temperature, and an interval of milliseconds to several minutes is appropriate.
- the SOC (N-1), the electron / ion resistance R0 (N-1), the electrode reaction resistance R (N-1), and the capacitance component obtained in the previous calculation flow C (N-1) and the like are recorded (step S10).
- the second calculation unit 31 first switches the second to fourth estimation processing methods depending on whether the constant current control or constant voltage control is being performed. For example, in the open circuit state where the current is zero (Step S12, No to S13, Yes), the second calculation unit 31 executes the second estimation process (Step S14). Further, the second calculation unit 31 executes the third estimation process (step S15) during the constant current control in which the voltage changes (step S12, No to S13, No). Furthermore, the 2nd calculating part 31 performs a 4th estimation process at the time of the constant voltage control controlled by a fixed voltage (step S12, Yes) (step S16). The correction calculation unit 32 corrects the first SOC with the second SOC.
- FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram of the first arithmetic unit 30 according to the present embodiment.
- the first calculation unit 30 includes, as main components, an average current calculation unit 211, an energized electricity amount calculation unit 212, an SOC change amount calculation unit 213, and an SOC calculation unit 214.
- the total current Iall flowing through the power storage device 1 is input to the average current calculation unit 211.
- the average current calculation unit 211 multiplies the total current Iall by a predetermined gain to obtain an average current value. That is, the average current value is obtained by dividing the total current Iall by the parallel number m of the battery modules 11-1 to 1nm.
- the energization electricity calculation unit 212 integrates the energization current during charging and discharging with the calculation cycle as ⁇ t, and calculates the electricity after energization for a predetermined time.
- the SOC change amount calculation unit 213 divides the amount of electricity (coulomb) obtained by the energized electricity amount calculation unit 212 by the battery capacity (Ah) and 3600 (s), and multiplies by 100 to obtain the change amount ⁇ SOC (%). calculate.
- the SOC calculation unit 214 adds the amount of change ⁇ SOC to the SOC (N ⁇ 1) obtained in the previous calculation flow at the time of charging, and subtracts the amount of change ⁇ SOC from the SOC (N ⁇ 1) at the time of discharging.
- the current value SOC (N) of the value is obtained.
- the SOC (N ⁇ 1) is stored in the data bank 202, and the SOC calculation unit 214 estimates the SOC (N) using the SOC (N ⁇ 1) from the data bank 202. This is the simplest method for determining the SOC, but often includes errors in current measurements.
- the current value information of the battery capacity (Ah) is changed and input to the data bank 202.
- the calculation period ⁇ t may be generated inside the parameter calculation unit 201 or may be generated outside the parameter calculation unit 201.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a distributed constant system equivalent circuit model of the electricity storage device applicable to the second arithmetic unit 31 according to the present embodiment.
- the second computing unit 31 estimates the SOC, resistance, and capacitance of the capacitor based on the equivalent circuit model. Strictly speaking, the second calculation unit 31 obtains an open circuit voltage by fitting a measured value of current and a measured value of voltage to a numerical model discretized based on the distributed constant system equivalent circuit shown in FIG. .
- the calculation formula includes the negative terminal resistance 8a, the positive terminal resistance 8b, the negative electrode layer electronic resistance 9a, the positive electrode layer electronic resistance 9b, and the negative electrode interface capacitor of the distributed constant equivalent circuit model shown in FIG.
- Capacitance 10a Capacitance capacitance 10b of positive electrode interface, Resistance component 11a of negative electrode interface, Resistance component 11b of positive electrode interface, Potential difference 12a generated at negative electrode interface, Potential difference 12b generated at positive electrode interface, Resistance of electrolyte in negative electrode 13a, the resistance 13b of the electrolyte in the positive electrode, and the resistance 14 of the electrolyte in the separator.
- a plurality of resistance values, capacitance values, and open circuit voltages are obtained by fitting the actually measured current value and voltage temporal change measurement data and calculated values.
- the capacitance 10a of the capacitor at the negative electrode interface and the capacitance 10b of the capacitor at the positive electrode interface are due to the electric double layer formed at the electrode active material / electrolyte interface, and are expressed in units of farads.
- the capacitance 10a of the capacitor at the negative electrode interface and the capacitance 10b of the capacitor at the positive electrode interface are proportional to the surface area of the electrode active material, and also vary depending on the properties of the electrolyte and the electrode potential.
- the resistance component 11a at the negative electrode interface and the resistance component 11b at the positive electrode interface are resistances when charge carriers change from ions to electrons and from electrons to ions, and are resistances generated at the electrode / electrolyte interface, Includes diffused resistance.
- the distributed constant system equivalent circuit model shown in FIG. 5 represents one single cell (eg, 1-1) shown in FIG. 1, and the current I flowing through this distributed constant system equivalent circuit model This is a value obtained by dividing the current Iall by the parallel number of the battery modules 11-1 to 1nm.
- FIG. 6 shows a lumped parameter equivalent circuit model that can save calculation resources by shortening the calculation cycle.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a lumped-constant equivalent circuit model of an electricity storage device applicable to the second arithmetic unit 31 according to the present embodiment.
- the lumped-constant equivalent circuit model is a simplification of the distributed-constant equivalent circuit model of FIG. 5.
- the current I flowing through the lumped-constant equivalent circuit model is the total current Iall as shown in FIG. The value is divided by the parallel number of 1 to 1 nm.
- Each element in this model is configured as follows. That is, the lumped-constant equivalent circuit model shown in FIG.
- resistor 15 related to electrode reaction
- capacitance 18 of a capacitor generated at the electrode interface
- resistor 16 A resistance 16 relating to electrons / ions
- electromotive force portion 17 A resistance 16 relating to an open circuit voltage
- the value of the resistor 15 is R
- the capacitance value of the capacitance 18 is C
- the value of the resistor 16 is R0 (electron / ion resistance).
- the current flowing through the resistor 15 is I1
- the current flowing through the capacitance 18 is I2
- the sum of these is the current I. Since the voltage applied to the capacitor (capacitance 18) is equal to the voltage across the resistor 15 through which the current I1 flows, and the time change of the charge Q stored in the capacitor (capacitance 18) corresponds to the current I2.
- a differential equation relating to the charge Q in equation (1) is obtained.
- Equation (2) is obtained.
- the charge Q (N) at the time N can be expressed as the following equation (2) by using the charge Q (N-1) and the current I at the previous time (N-1).
- the current I2 flowing through the capacitor can be expressed by the change with time of the charge Q shown in the equation (3).
- the open circuit voltage Voc is calculated from the equation (4).
- FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining the configuration and operation of the second arithmetic unit 31 according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 7A is a diagram illustrating the relationship between the second calculation unit 31 and the data bank 202
- FIG. 7B is a diagram for explaining the operation of the second estimation process performed by the second calculation unit 31.
- FIG. 7A is a diagram illustrating the relationship between the second calculation unit 31 and the data bank 202
- FIG. 7B is a diagram for explaining the operation of the second estimation process performed by the second calculation unit 31.
- the resistance value calculation unit 36 includes a deterioration amount calculation unit 35, a diffusion species concentration calculation unit 225, a current value calculation unit 226, and a diffusion resistance calculation unit 227. It is comprised.
- the voltage change determination part 221 determines the presence or absence of the change of the battery voltage V in the calculation period ⁇ t. That is, the voltage change determination unit 221 performs the determination in step S12 in FIG.
- the energization determining unit 222 determines whether or not the current I is zero when the battery voltage V is changing (No in step S12). That is, the energization determination unit 222 performs the determination in step S13 in FIG.
- the open circuit voltage calculation unit 224 calculates the open circuit voltage Voc from the battery voltage V and the value R0 (N ⁇ 1) of the resistor 16 stored in the data bank 202 using the equation (4). It is assumed that the value R 0 (N ⁇ 1) of the resistor 16 is stored in the data bank 202.
- the SOC calculation unit 214 takes in the open circuit voltage Voc from the open circuit voltage calculation unit 224 and estimates the SOC (N) using the relationship between the open circuit voltage Voc stored in the data bank 202 and the SOC.
- the open circuit voltage calculation unit 224 calculates the battery voltage V, the resistor 15, and the resistor 16 from the equation (4). , And the current I is zero, and the open circuit voltage Voc is obtained.
- the SOC calculation unit 214 takes in the open circuit voltage Voc from the open circuit voltage calculation unit 224, and estimates the second SOC using the relationship between the open circuit voltage Voc and the SOC stored in the data bank 202.
- the open circuit voltage calculation unit 224 obtains the open circuit voltage Voc based on the battery voltage V, the resistor 15, the resistor 16, and the current I from the equation (4).
- the SOC calculation unit 214 estimates the second SOC using the relationship between the open circuit voltage Voc and the SOC. The accuracy of the second estimation process for obtaining the SOC without passing current is higher.
- FIG. 8 is a configuration diagram of the deterioration amount calculation unit 35 according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 8A shows the configuration of the deterioration amount calculation unit 35
- FIG. 8B is a diagram for explaining the operation of the voltage simulation unit 231 and the resistance / capacitance calculation unit 232.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining the relationship between the product of the resistance and the capacitance of the capacitor and the battery capacity.
- the deterioration amount calculation unit 35 shown in FIG. 8A includes a voltage simulation unit 231 and a resistance / capacitance calculation unit 232 as main components.
- the deterioration amount calculation unit 35 estimates the deterioration state of the battery from the current and voltage data for a certain period of time based on changes in the resistance 15, the resistance 16, and the capacitance 18.
- the deterioration amount calculation unit 35 estimates the progress of the battery deterioration state by sequentially calculating the resistance component and the capacitance component of the capacitor in the assumed control mode, for example, a plurality of voltage data By fitting the calculated values, the values of the resistance 15, the resistance 16, and the capacitance 18 are set as the electrode reaction resistance R (N), the electron / ion resistance R0 (N), and the capacitance component C (N), respectively. Identify.
- the voltage data to be fitted is p data from time t1 to tp, and the individual data time interval is ⁇ t.
- the voltage simulation unit 231 uses the charge accumulated in the capacitor 18 immediately before time t1 as Q (k ⁇ 1), the electrode reaction resistance R (N), the electron / ion resistance R0 (N), and the capacitance Substituting the previous value for each of the components C (N), substituting the values used when calculating the SOC in FIG. 7-1 for the current I and the open circuit voltage Voc, and using the equation (5), the voltage for the time t1 Vk is calculated.
- the charge Q (N) in the equation (5) is calculated using the equation (2).
- the voltage simulation unit 231 calculates from t2 to tp.
- the resistance / capacitance calculation unit 232 compares the calculated value (voltage Vk) calculated by the voltage simulation unit 231 with the actual measurement data (Vp), and the sum ⁇ V of the difference between the actual measurement value and the calculation value is determined as the determination value. If it is less than the product of ⁇ and the number of data p, it is regarded as a match. On the other hand, when the sum ⁇ V of the difference between the actual measurement value and the calculated value is equal to or greater than the product of the determination value ⁇ and the number of data p, the resistance / capacitance calculation unit 232 determines the electrode reaction resistance R (N), the electron / ion resistance R0 ( N), changing the value of the capacitance component C (N).
- the resistance / capacitance calculation unit 232 increases the electrode reaction resistance R (N), the electron / ion resistance R0 (N), and the capacitance component C (N) if the discharge voltage is lower than the calculated value, and vice versa. Make it smaller.
- the resistance / capacity calculation unit 232 calculates the battery capacity using the relationship between the product and the capacity of the deteriorated battery (see FIG. 9). However, since the battery deterioration is not a reaction that proceeds rapidly, it is not necessary to calculate the deterioration in the data acquisition cycle, and it is sufficient to have a single frequency immediately after starting or immediately before stopping.
- the resistor 15 at the time of constant voltage control rises with time and does not take a constant value.
- the reason why the value of the resistor 15 is increased is that the resistance value is proportional to the reciprocal of the lithium ion concentration C Li (N) in the electrode active material, as shown in the Nernstein-Einstein equation (6). In constant voltage control, this is due to a decrease in the number of movable lithium ions.
- D Li is a diffusion constant in the lithium ion active material
- T is a module temperature
- A is a proportionality constant.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining the operation of the resistance value calculation unit 36 according to the present embodiment
- FIG. 11 is a diagram for explaining a change in resistance during constant voltage control.
- the diffusion species concentration calculation unit 225 calculates the equation (7) based on the boundary condition from C Li (N ⁇ 1), which is the concentration of mobile lithium ions in the active material immediately before entering constant voltage control, and the diffusion constant D Li. It solves and calculates lithium ion density
- the current value calculation unit 226 calculates the current value from the change in the battery voltage V. Based on the current value calculated by the current value calculation unit 226 and the voltage at the time of constant current control, the diffusion resistance calculation unit 227 calculates the resistance 15 of the resistor 15 when the voltage is not constant (CC charging: constant ⁇ current charging). Estimate the value. Further, the diffusion resistance calculation unit 227 estimates the value of the resistance 15 when the voltage is constant (CV charging: constant voltage charging) using the equation (6).
- the value of the resistance 15 relating to the electrode reaction does not change during CC charging, but increases as shown in FIG. 11 during CV charging. This increase in resistance is temporary, occurring between a few seconds and a few hours under constant voltage control conditions.
- the second arithmetic unit 31 also executes a process of excluding the increase in resistance at a constant voltage as shown in FIG. 11 from the calculation for estimating capacity deterioration. To do.
- the short-term resistance increase rate calculated here that is, the value obtained by dividing the resistance value increase amount in FIG. 11 by the constant voltage control time indicates the deterioration of the battery related to mass transfer.
- the 2nd calculating part 31 concerning this Embodiment estimates the battery life by long-term deterioration using the fact that this value becomes large with the progress of deterioration.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the SOC calculation accuracy in a deteriorated battery.
- Comparative Example 1 is a transition of the first SOC calculated by the first calculation unit 30 based on integration of energized electricity. Since the current value used for the calculation generally includes an error, the SOC deviates from the true value.
- Example 1 shows the transition of the SOC estimated by the state-of-charge estimation device according to the present embodiment.
- the charging / discharging start point 19 and the charging / discharging end point 20 are correct SOCs obtained after being left in an open circuit for 3 days or more.
- the current value is detected and integrated smaller during charging than when actually charged, and is detected and integrated greatly during discharging, resulting in a lower value than the true value over the entire charge / discharge.
- the SOC estimation method according to Comparative Example 2 since the SOC is calculated without considering the capacity reduction due to deterioration, both charging and discharging are calculated to be larger than the true value of the SOC, and therefore, the SOC changes excessively.
- the deterioration amount calculation unit 35 considers a decrease in capacity due to battery deterioration, and the resistance value calculation unit 36 uses the resistance value calculation unit 36 to estimate the increase in resistance at a constant voltage. Since it is excluded from the calculation, it is possible to improve the SOC calculation accuracy.
- the state-of-charge estimation device includes the battery capacity, the previous value SOC (N ⁇ 1) of the state of charge estimation value, and the current that controls the charge / discharge amount of the power storage device 1.
- a first calculation unit 30 that calculates a current value of a charge state estimated value calculated based on a current flowing in and out between the control device 3 and the power storage device 1 as a first charge state estimated value; At the time of current control, the estimated state of charge calculated based on the equivalent circuit model of the battery and the voltage of the battery is calculated as the current value of the second state of charge estimated value, while at the time of constant voltage control, the equivalent circuit model of the battery is calculated.
- the third SOC at the time of current control and the fourth SOC at the time of constant voltage control can be estimated, and the state of charge and deterioration of the battery can be accurately estimated as compared with the prior art. .
- the equivalent circuit model of the battery used in the second arithmetic unit 31 is a lumped constant equivalent circuit model having one parallel circuit of a capacitor and a nonlinear resistor, or a plurality of parallel circuits of a capacitor and a nonlinear resistor. Since it is configured with the distributed constant system equivalent circuit model that it has, it can save calculation resources by using the lumped constant system equivalent circuit model, and it can perform strict calculations by using the distributed constant system equivalent circuit model. It is also possible to do this.
- the second calculation unit 31 includes the charge Q (N ⁇ 1) stored in the capacitor, the capacitance value C (N ⁇ 1) of the capacitor, and the resistance value (R) of the battery. (N-1), R0 (N-1)) and the voltage V of the battery are used to calculate the second charge state estimated value, so that the second charge state estimated value can be obtained with a simple configuration. Can be estimated.
- the second calculation unit 31 also includes a plurality of continuous voltage measurement values (Vp) measured after the current changes, a charge Q (N ⁇ 1), a capacitance value C (N ⁇ 1), and a resistance.
- Vp continuous voltage measurement values
- the sum ⁇ V of the difference between the calculated voltage value (Vk) calculated based on the values R (N ⁇ 1) and R0 (N ⁇ 1) is a predetermined value (product of the judgment value ⁇ and the number of data p) Until the capacitance value C (N) and the resistance values R (N) and R0 (N) are calculated, the sum ⁇ V of the difference between the voltage measurement value (Vp) and the voltage calculation value (Vk) is a predetermined value.
- the deterioration amount calculation unit 35 that outputs the capacitance C (N) and the resistance values R (N) and R0 (N) when they coincide with each other as an index for estimating the deterioration state of the battery is provided. Compared to technology, it is possible to estimate the state of charge value by the equivalent circuit model with higher accuracy.
- the first calculation unit 30 includes the deterioration amount calculation unit 35. It is possible to accurately calculate the first charge state estimated value using the battery capacity calculated in (1).
- the second calculation unit 31 uses the movable lithium ion concentration C Li (N ⁇ 1) and the diffusion constant D Li in the lithium ion active material to determine the resistance value R (N ) Is calculated, the increase in resistance at a constant voltage can be excluded from the calculation for estimating the capacity deterioration, and the SOC calculation accuracy can be improved.
- the present invention can be applied to a state-of-charge estimation device that estimates SOC in a storage battery such as a secondary battery, and is particularly useful as an invention that can improve the estimation accuracy of SOC.
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Abstract
Description
図1は、本発明の実施の形態にかかる充電状態推定装置が適用される電力貯蔵装置1の構成図である。
1-1、1-2、1-k 単電池
2 コントローラ
3 電流制御装置
4a 総電圧センサ
4b 総電流検出センサ
4c 温度センサ
4d 電圧センサから送られるアナログ信号
5 モータ/発電機
6 電力変換装置
7 交流グリッド
8a 負極端子の抵抗
8b 正極端子の抵抗
9a 負極電極層の電子抵抗
9b 正極電極層の電子抵抗
10a 負極界面のコンデンサの静電容量
10b 正極界面のコンデンサの静電容量
11-1、12-1、1n-1、11-2、12-2、1n-2、11―m、12―m、1n―m 電池モジュール
11a 負極界面の抵抗成分
11b 正極界面の抵抗成分
12a 負極界面に発生する電位差
12b 正極界面に発生する電位差
13a 負極内電解質の抵抗
13b 正極内電解質の抵抗
14 セパレータ内電解液の抵抗
15 電極反応に関する抵抗
16 電子・イオンに関する抵抗
17 開回路電圧に相当する起電力部
18 電極界面に発生するコンデンサの静電容量
19 充放電開始点
20 充放電終了点
30 第1の演算部
31 第2の演算部
32 補正演算部
35 劣化量算出部
36 抵抗値算出部
201 パラメータ演算部
202 データバンク部
203 A/Dコンバータ
211 平均電流算出部
212 通電電気量算出部
213 SOC変化量算出部
214 SOC算出部
221 電圧変化判定部
222 通電判定部
223 電荷/電流値算出部
224 開回路電圧算出部
225 拡散種濃度算出部
226 電流値算出部
227 拡散抵抗算出部
231 電圧シミュレーション部
232 抵抗/容量算出部
Iall 総電流
T モジュール温度
Vall 総電圧
Voc 開回路電圧
Claims (8)
- 電池を複数接続した電力貯蔵装置に接続され、前記電力貯蔵装置の残存容量を示す充電状態値を推定する充電状態推定装置であって、
電池容量と、前記充電状態推定値の前回値と、前記電力貯蔵装置の充放電量を制御する電流制御装置と前記電力貯蔵装置との間で流出入する電流と、に基づいて演算した充電状態推定値の今回値を第1の充電状態推定値として算出する第1の演算部と、
前記電力貯蔵装置を一定の電流で充電する定電流制御時には、前記電池の等価回路モデルと前記電池の電圧とに基づいて演算した充電状態推定値を第2の充電状態推定値の今回値として算出する一方で、前記電力貯蔵装置を一定の電圧で充電する定電圧制御時には、前記電池の等価回路モデルと前記電池の電圧とに基づいて、電池の抵抗変化を考慮して演算した充電状態推定値の今回値を第2の充電状態推定値として算出する第2の演算部と、
前記第1の充電状態推定値を第2の充電状態推定値で定期的に補正する補正演算部と、
を備えたことを特徴とする充電状態推定装置。 - 前記電池の等価回路モデルは、コンデンサと非線形抵抗の並列回路を1つ有してなる等価回路モデル、または、コンデンサと非線形抵抗の並列回路を複数有してなる等価回路モデルで構成されていること、を特徴とする請求項1に記載の充電状態推定装置。
- 前記第2の演算部は、前記コンデンサに蓄えられた電荷と、前記コンデンサの静電容量値と、前記電池の抵抗値と、前記電池の電圧とに基づいて前記第2の充電状態推定値を算出すること、を特徴とする請求項1に記載の充電状態推定装置。
- 前記第2の演算部は、電流が変化した後に計測された連続する複数の電圧計測値と、前記電荷と前記静電容量値と前記抵抗値とに基づいて算出された電圧計算値と、の差の総和が所定の値になるまで前記静電容量値および前記抵抗値を計算し、前記電圧計測値と前記電圧計算値と差の総和が前記所定の値と一致したときの前記コンデンサの静電容量と前記電池の抵抗値とを、電池の劣化状態を推定する指標として出力する劣化量算出部を有すること、を特徴とする請求項1に記載の充電状態推定装置。
- 前記劣化量算出部は、前記コンデンサの静電容量と前記電池の抵抗値との積に基づいて電池容量を算出すること、を特徴とする請求項4に記載の充電状態推定装置。
- 前記第2の演算部は、可動リチウムイオン濃度とリチウムイオンの活物質内の拡散定数とに基づいて、前記定電圧制御時における電池の抵抗値を算出する抵抗算出部を有すること、を特徴とする請求項1に記載の充電状態推定装置。
- 前記第2の演算部は、前記劣化量算出部で算出された静電容量および抵抗値を用いて第2の充電状態推定値を算出すること、を特徴とする請求項1に記載の充電状態推定装置。
- 前記第2の演算部は、前記拡散抵抗算出部で算出された電池の抵抗値を用いて前記第2の充電状態推定値を算出すること、を特徴とする請求項1に記載の充電状態推定装置。
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US13/640,056 US8975897B2 (en) | 2010-06-07 | 2010-06-07 | State-of-charge estimating apparatus |
EP10852857.1A EP2579059B1 (en) | 2010-06-07 | 2010-06-07 | Charge status estimation apparatus |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN102918411B (zh) | 2015-02-25 |
RU2565339C2 (ru) | 2015-10-20 |
MX2012012939A (es) | 2013-01-17 |
EP2579059A1 (en) | 2013-04-10 |
EP2579059A4 (en) | 2013-05-29 |
AU2010354957A1 (en) | 2012-12-13 |
CN102918411A (zh) | 2013-02-06 |
AU2010354957B2 (en) | 2014-04-17 |
JPWO2011155017A1 (ja) | 2013-08-01 |
BR112012027318A2 (pt) | 2016-08-02 |
EP2579059B1 (en) | 2014-04-02 |
US20130027047A1 (en) | 2013-01-31 |
RU2012155314A (ru) | 2014-07-20 |
JP5511951B2 (ja) | 2014-06-04 |
US8975897B2 (en) | 2015-03-10 |
KR20120139818A (ko) | 2012-12-27 |
KR101338639B1 (ko) | 2013-12-06 |
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