WO2011142096A1 - 密閉型鉛蓄電池用セパレータ及び密閉型鉛蓄電池 - Google Patents
密閉型鉛蓄電池用セパレータ及び密閉型鉛蓄電池 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011142096A1 WO2011142096A1 PCT/JP2011/002473 JP2011002473W WO2011142096A1 WO 2011142096 A1 WO2011142096 A1 WO 2011142096A1 JP 2011002473 W JP2011002473 W JP 2011002473W WO 2011142096 A1 WO2011142096 A1 WO 2011142096A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/44—Fibrous material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/431—Inorganic material
- H01M50/434—Ceramics
- H01M50/437—Glass
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/449—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
- H01M50/457—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising three or more layers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
- H01M50/491—Porosity
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/06—Lead-acid accumulators
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a sealed lead-acid battery (JIS C 8707 (cathode absorption sealed stationary lead-acid battery) or JIS C 8704-2 (control valve-type stationary lead-acid battery) formed by forming an electrode plate group in which separators are laminated together with electrode plates. )
- JIS C 8707 cathode absorption sealed stationary lead-acid battery
- JIS C 8704-2 control valve-type stationary lead-acid battery
- such a sealed lead-acid battery separator has an average pore diameter of 3 mainly composed of fine glass fibers, particularly glass fibers having an average fiber diameter of about 1 ⁇ m, in order to have both functions of a retainer and a separator.
- a single-layer / single-structure nonwoven fabric sheet (wet papermaking sheet) having a thickness of about 7 ⁇ m and not having a laminated or composite structure is mainly used.
- Sealed lead-acid batteries are mainly used as backup power supplies for computer equipment and communication equipment, power sources for electric vehicles, emergency power supplies for buildings and hospitals, etc.
- an idling stop-and-start system has been adopted, and it has better cycle life characteristics than liquid lead-acid batteries, and is safe and easy to handle.
- a storage battery is installed. Therefore, a sealed lead-acid battery for such applications is required to have a long life and to improve high rate discharge characteristics for improving engine startability.
- the present invention provides a sealed lead-acid battery separator made of a fine glass fiber sheet having both functions of a retainer and a separator, and two life deteriorations of a sealed lead-acid battery that cannot be achieved in the past. Improve the effect against pressure (decrease in compression force and electrolyte stratification) and improve the effect of preventing pressure reduction and electrolyte stratification at the same time. It is an object of the present invention to provide a separator capable of promoting the movement of the electrolyte solution and a sealed lead-acid battery using the separator.
- Electrolyte stratification is a phenomenon that occurs when sulfuric acid with a high specific gravity released from the electrode plate moves downward mainly through the separator, so that the separator that contacts the electrode plate with sulfuric acid released from the electrode plate. It has been noted that if the layer can be improved so that it can be held as much as possible without being moved downward, an electrolyte solution stratification preventing effect can be brought about. In particular, as a technical point that brings about the effect of preventing electrolyte stratification, how to increase the electrolyte retention ability (electrolyte downward movement prevention ability) of the separator surface layer portion in contact with the electrode plate surface among all separator layers. Focused on the point.
- the idea of obtaining a separator that simultaneously brings about the effect of preventing the reduction of compression force and the effect of preventing the formation of electrolyte stratification is a single layer / single structure in which the average fiber diameter of the mainstream glass fiber is about 1 ⁇ m and the average pore diameter is about 3.7 ⁇ m.
- the glass fiber average fiber diameter (average hole diameter level) is provided in the thickness direction, and only the separator surface layer portion in contact with the electrode plate surface has a glass fiber average fiber diameter lower than 1 ⁇ m (average pore diameter from 3.7 ⁇ m). It was also found that the electrolyte holding capacity (electrolytic solution downward movement preventing ability) was locally increased.
- the point is to quickly supply the electrolyte held in the separator to the electrode plate side.
- the idea of promoting the movement of the electrolyte at the interface (a method for increasing the adhesion between the electrode plate and the separator, a method for increasing the amount of electrolyte retained on the separator surface, etc.) has been proposed.
- the inventors have also found that the movement of the electrolytic solution inside the separator, which has not been considered before, can be controlled by providing the average pore diameter of the fiber layer in the thickness direction of the separator.
- the electrolyte layers in the thickness direction of the separator can be formed by forming fiber layers having different average pore sizes in the thickness direction of the separator in a laminated state and changing the electrolyte absorption capacity in each layer in the thickness direction of the separator. It was found that the movement of the electrolyte solution can be promoted, and as a result, the supply amount of the electrolyte can be increased.
- the present invention is an invention based on the above knowledge, and the separator for a sealed lead-acid battery according to the first embodiment of the present invention is a wet papermaking sheet mainly composed of fine glass fibers in order to achieve the above object.
- a sealed lead-acid battery separator comprising: a fine fiber layer composed of glass fibers having an average fiber diameter of 0.4 to 1.0 ⁇ m as the fine glass fibers, and an average pore diameter of 3.5 ⁇ m or less; and the fine glass fibers as A thick fiber layer composed of glass fibers having an average fiber diameter of 1.3 to 4.0 ⁇ m and having an average pore diameter of 4.0 ⁇ m or more and 1.5 times or more of the fine fiber layer in the thickness direction of the separator.
- the thickness ratio between the fine fiber layer and the thick fiber layer is 10/90 to 50/50.
- the glass fiber average fiber diameter in all layers of the separator is set to 1.2 ⁇ m or more so as to improve the effect of preventing the reduction of the compression force.
- a fine fiber layer having an average fiber diameter of 0.9 ⁇ m or less (average pore diameter of 3.5 ⁇ m or less) is provided on the surface layer portions on both sides of the separator in contact with the electrode plate surface, and an electrolyte solution holding ability (electrolyte downward movement preventing ability) ) Is locally increased to improve the effect of preventing electrolyte stratification.
- the glass fiber average fiber diameter level (average hole diameter level) in the thickness direction of the separator with respect to all the separator layers, while increasing the glass fiber average fiber diameter in all layers to 1.2 ⁇ m or more, Improvement of the electrolyte solution holding ability (electrolyte downward movement preventing ability) of the separator surface layer portion in contact with the plate surface was attempted.
- the separator intermediate layer portion not in contact with the electrode plate surface is a thick fiber layer having a glass fiber average fiber diameter of 1.3 ⁇ m or more, so that the electrolyte solution holding capacity of the separator surface layer portion in contact with the electrode plate surface (below the electrolyte solution) While improving the movement prevention ability), the average fiber diameter of the glass fibers in all layers was set to 1.2 ⁇ m or more so as to improve the effect of preventing the reduction of the compression force.
- the liquid from the thick fiber layer (large pore diameter) as the separator intermediate layer to the fine fiber layer (small pore diameter) as the separator surface layer was increased to improve the electrolyte supply capacity during high rate discharge.
- the electrolyte holding power provided in the separator surface layer portion in contact with the electrode plate surface is locally The electrolyte retention capacity of the layer is increased, the electrolyte retention capacity and the electrolyte retention capacity of the layer are ensured, and the improvement of the electrolyte stratification prevention effect is ensured and the electrolyte supply capacity during high-rate discharge is improved. I tried to improve.
- the sealed lead-acid battery separator according to the second embodiment is the same as the sealed lead-acid battery separator according to the first embodiment, wherein the two fine fiber layers have substantially the same thickness.
- the sealed lead-acid battery separator according to the third embodiment is the same as the sealed lead-acid battery separator according to the first embodiment, wherein the two fine fiber layers have substantially the same average pore diameter.
- the sealed lead-acid battery separator according to the fourth embodiment is the same as the sealed lead-acid battery separator according to the first embodiment, wherein the separator is substantially composed only of the fine glass fiber.
- the fine glass fiber constituting the layer has an average fiber diameter of 0.4 to 0.9 ⁇ m.
- the sealed lead-acid battery separator according to the fifth embodiment is the thickness ratio between the fine fiber layer and the thick fiber layer in the entire layer in the sealed lead-acid battery separator according to the first embodiment. Is 10/90 or more and less than 25/75.
- the sealed lead-acid battery separator according to the sixth embodiment is the same as the sealed lead-acid battery separator according to the first embodiment, in which the fine fiber layer contains 50% by mass or more of the fine glass fiber and is acid resistant. And 0-30% by mass of organic fiber having heat-fusibility and 0-30% by mass of inorganic fine powder.
- the sealed lead-acid battery separator according to the seventh embodiment is the same as the sealed lead-acid battery separator according to the first embodiment, in which the thick fiber layer is 70% by mass or more of the fine glass fiber and has acid resistance. And 0-30 mass% of organic fibers having heat-fusibility.
- the sealed lead-acid battery separator according to the eighth embodiment is the same as the sealed lead-acid battery separator according to the first embodiment, wherein the fine fiber layer and the thick fiber layer are wet to obtain the wet papermaking sheet. It is formed into a three-layer laminated structure in a wet state in the papermaking process.
- the sealed lead-acid battery according to the ninth embodiment of the present invention is characterized by using the separator according to the first embodiment in order to achieve the above object.
- the sealed lead-acid battery according to the tenth embodiment of the present invention is a sealed lead-acid battery in which a separator made of a wet papermaking sheet mainly composed of fine glass fibers is arranged between the electrode plates in order to achieve the above object.
- the separator comprises a fine fiber layer composed of glass fibers having an average fiber diameter of 0.4 to 1.0 ⁇ m as the fine glass fibers and an average pore diameter of 3.5 ⁇ m or less, and an average fiber diameter of 1 as the fine glass fibers.
- a thick fiber layer composed of glass fibers of 3 to 4.0 ⁇ m and having an average pore diameter of 4.0 ⁇ m or more and 1.5 times or more of the fine fiber layer is divided into two layers of the fine fibers in the thickness direction of the separator.
- the sealed lead-acid battery according to the eleventh embodiment is the same as the sealed lead-acid battery according to the tenth embodiment, wherein the separator is a thickness ratio between the fine fiber layer and the thick fiber layer in all layers. Is 10/90 or more and less than 25/75.
- a sealed lead-acid battery separator made of a fine glass fiber sheet having both functions of a retainer and a separator there are two causes of life deterioration of a sealed lead-acid battery that could not be achieved in the past (reduction in compression force and electrolyte solution).
- the improvement in the pressure force reduction prevention effect and the improvement in the electrolyte solution stratification prevention effect, which are improvement requirements for the stratification) can be efficiently provided, and the life of the sealed lead-acid battery is further improved.
- the electrolyte supply capability at the time of high rate discharge is increased, and the charge / discharge characteristics of the sealed lead-acid battery are further improved.
- the sealed lead-acid battery separator of the present invention is a separator made of a wet papermaking sheet mainly composed of fine glass fibers, and is composed of glass fibers having an average fiber diameter of 0.4 to 1.0 ⁇ m as the fine glass fibers.
- a sheet-like structure having a three-layer laminated structure (ABA laminated structure) so as to cover the glass, and the average fiber diameter of the glass fibers in the entire separator layer is 1.2 ⁇ m or more.
- the fine fiber layer and the thick fiber layer in The thickness ratio is 10/90 to 50/50.
- the average fiber diameter of the glass fibers in the entire separator layer By setting the average fiber diameter of the glass fibers in the entire separator layer to 1.2 ⁇ m or more, the repulsive force of the entire separator layer is increased, and the effect of preventing the reduction of the pressing force can be improved. Further, a fine fiber layer having a glass fiber average fiber diameter of 1.0 ⁇ m or less and an average pore diameter of 3.5 ⁇ m or less, or a glass fiber average fiber diameter of 0.9 ⁇ m or less is provided on the surface layer portions on both sides of the separator in contact with the electrode plate surface.
- the separator intermediate layer portion not in contact with the electrode plate surface is a thick fiber layer having a glass fiber average fiber diameter of 1.3 ⁇ m or more and an average pore diameter of 4.0 ⁇ m or more. While improving the liquid downward movement preventing ability), the glass fiber average fiber diameter in the entire separator layer can be set to 1.2 ⁇ m or more to improve the effect of preventing the reduction of the compression force. Further, by providing the separator in the thickness direction of the average pore diameter in the thickness direction of the separator, that is, by making the average pore diameter of the thick fiber layer 1.5 times or more that of the fine fiber layer, the thickness of the separator intermediate layer is increased.
- the liquid mobility from the fiber layer (large pore diameter) to the fine fiber layer (small pore diameter) of the separator surface layer in contact with the electrode plate surface can be improved, and the electrolyte supply capability during high rate discharge can be improved.
- the thickness ratio of the fine fiber layer and the thick fiber layer in the entire separator layer to 10/90 or more (the total thickness of the fine fiber layer in the separator all layers is 10% or more of the total layer thickness)
- the thickness ratio of the fine fiber layer and the thick fiber layer in the entire separator layer exceeds 50/50, it becomes difficult to improve the effect of preventing the pressure reduction, and the glass of 0.9 ⁇ m or less occupying the entire separator layer.
- the ratio of the fiber material is high, and the unit price of the glass fiber material in the entire layer of the separator is high. Therefore, the thickness ratio of the fine fiber layer and the thick fiber layer in the entire separator layer is more preferably 40/60 or less, and more preferably less than 25/75.
- the average fiber diameter of the glass fibers constituting the fine fiber layer is more preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or more, and further preferably 0.6 ⁇ m or more.
- the average pore diameter of the fine fiber layer is more preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or more, and further preferably 1.0 ⁇ m or more.
- the average fiber diameter of the glass fiber constituting the thick fiber layer exceeds 4.0 ⁇ m, it becomes difficult to achieve both the improvement of the effect of preventing the pressure force reduction and the effect of preventing the stratification of the electrolyte solution.
- the moisture content (electrolytic solution holding power) decreases, and the strength of the thick fiber layer becomes difficult to obtain, which is not suitable. Therefore, the average fiber diameter of the glass fibers constituting the thick fiber layer is preferably 3.5 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 3.0 ⁇ m or less.
- the average pore diameter of the thick fiber layer is preferably 17 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 15 ⁇ m or less, and even more preferably 13 ⁇ m or less.
- the two fine fiber layers disposed on both sides of the thick fiber layer may have a total thickness of 10% or more of the total layer thickness, but the two layers are the positive electrode plate surface and the negative electrode plate surface.
- the positive electrode plate is used for battery design.
- the electrolyte layer stratification prevention effect is improved by providing a fine fiber layer Fluidity from the thick fiber layer of the separator intermediate layer to the fine fiber layer of the separator surface layer.
- the thickness of the fine fiber layer of two layers is preferably substantially the same. For the same reason, it is preferable that the average pore diameters of the two fine fiber layers are substantially the same.
- the two fine fiber layers arranged on both sides of the thick fiber layer may have different thicknesses depending on the actual battery design.
- the thickness of one layer of the two fine fiber layers is preferably 105 to 300% of the thickness of the other layer.
- the two fine fiber layers are in contact with both the positive electrode plate surface and the negative electrode plate surface, one layer is in contact with the positive electrode plate surface (positive electrode plate contact layer), and the other layer is in contact with the negative electrode plate surface.
- a layer having a larger thickness among the two fine fiber layers may be configured toward the negative plate side (to be a negative plate contact layer). preferable.
- the positive electrode surface absorbs water at the same time as charging and releases sulfuric acid and absorbs sulfuric acid at the same time as discharge.
- the negative electrode surface discharges sulfuric acid during charging and absorbs sulfuric acid during discharging. is doing.
- an active electrolyte is being exchanged with the separator layer having the electrolyte holding power, which is an adjacent layer, and the separator layer has a suitable electrolysis. It is designed to have the ability to transfer and receive liquids (holding capacity and holding speed as well as supply capacity and supply speed).
- the two fine fiber layers are required to retain the sulfuric acid released from the electrode plate in the layer and increase the effect of preventing the stratification of the electrolyte solution.
- the electrolyte is absorbed and released simultaneously, whereas on the negative electrode plate surface, only the electrolyte is discharged during charging and only the electrolyte is absorbed during discharge.
- the apparent amount of electrolyte movement between the plate surface and the separator adjacent to the plate surface is greater on the negative electrode plate surface than on the positive electrode plate surface.
- the separator surface layer on the side in contact with the separator surface layer on the side in contact with the surface of the positive electrode plate has a higher level of electrolyte transfer capability (holding capacity and holding speed as well as supply capacity and supply speed, particularly here the holding capacity and supply capacity). Ie tank machine ) Is required. Therefore, as described above, the thickness of one of the two fine fiber layers is set to 105 to 300% of the thickness of the other layer, and the fine fiber layer having a larger thickness is directed toward the negative electrode plate.
- a thin fiber layer with a smaller thickness is configured toward the positive electrode plate side, apparent electrolysis between the electrode plate surface on the positive electrode side and the negative electrode side and the separator adjacent thereto
- a thin fiber layer with a small thickness and a low tank function is configured on the side of the positive electrode plate with a low movement amount, and a thin layer with a large thickness and a high tank function on the side of the negative electrode plate with a high movement amount.
- the fiber layer can be configured, and the electrolyte solution stratification prevention effect by the two fine fiber layers can be exhibited, while the electrolyte solution exchange ability with the negative electrode plate surface is enhanced, and the battery reaction on the negative electrode side can be efficiently performed.
- the battery capacity of the entire battery is improved.
- the thickness of one of the two fine fiber layers exceeds 300% of the thickness of the other layer, the thickness of the fine fiber layer having a smaller thickness becomes too small, and the object of the present invention This is not preferable because there is a risk that the effect of preventing stratification of the electrolyte by the fine fiber layer is impaired.
- the two fine fiber layers arranged on both sides of the thick fiber layer may have different average pore sizes depending on the actual battery design.
- the average pore diameter of one of the two fine fiber layers is preferably 105 to 200% (however, 3.5 ⁇ m or less) of the average pore diameter of the other layer.
- the two fine fiber layers are in contact with both the positive electrode plate surface and the negative electrode plate surface, one layer is in contact with the positive electrode plate surface (positive electrode plate contact layer), and the other layer is in contact with the negative electrode plate surface.
- the fine fiber layer having a larger average pore diameter among the two fine fiber layers is configured toward the negative electrode plate side (to be a negative electrode plate contact layer). It is preferable.
- the average pore size of one of the two fine fiber layers is 105 to 200% (however, 3.5 ⁇ m or less) of the average pore size of the other layer, and the fine fiber having a larger average pore size.
- the layer is configured toward the negative electrode plate side and the fine fiber layer having a smaller average pore diameter is configured toward the positive electrode plate side, the positive electrode surface on the positive electrode side and the negative electrode side and the separator adjacent thereto In accordance with the difference in the apparent amount of electrolyte movement between the positive electrode plate with a low movement amount, a fine fiber layer with a small average pore diameter and a low liquid movement speed is formed, and on the negative electrode plate side with a high movement amount.
- a fine fiber layer having a large average pore diameter and a high liquid moving speed can be formed, and the electrolyte solution stratification prevention effect by the two fine fiber layers is enhanced, while the electrolyte solution receiving ability with the negative electrode plate surface is enhanced, Side battery reaction can be performed efficiently, Battery capacity Te is improved.
- the average pore diameter of one of the two fine fiber layers exceeds 200% of the average pore diameter of the other layer, the average pore diameter of the fine fiber layer having a larger average pore diameter becomes too large, and the object of the present invention This is not preferable because there is a risk that the effect of preventing stratification of the electrolyte by the fine fiber layer is impaired.
- the separator of the present invention is a separator made of a wet papermaking sheet mainly composed of fine glass fibers, and, as long as the object of the present invention is not impaired, according to required specifications and required characteristics, for example, a wet papermaking sheet.
- Various sub-materials such as organic fiber to increase mechanical strength, inorganic fine powder to suppress the growth of dendrite (dendritic lead) (causal substance of battery short circuit) generated by charging and discharging of the battery, etc.
- dendrite dendritic lead
- additives can be mixed and used. However, in order to easily improve the effect of preventing the decrease in compression force and the effect of preventing the formation of electrolyte stratification, it is preferable that the additive material is substantially composed only of glass fibers.
- organic fiber an organic fiber having acid resistance and heat-sealing property made of polyolefin, polyester, polyacrylonitrile, polyaramid or the like can be used.
- the binder effect can be exhibited and the strength of the fiber layer and separator can be supplemented.
- the inorganic fine powder an inorganic fine powder made of silica, diatomaceous earth, glass, smectite or the like can be used.
- the pore diameter of the fiber layer and the separator can be reduced, the pore structure can be complicated, and the effect of suppressing the growth of dendrites, which can cause a battery short circuit, can be imparted.
- the inorganic fine powder preferably has a specific surface area of 50 m 2 / g or more, more preferably 100 m 2 / g or more.
- organic fiber and inorganic fine powders are in a minimum amount according to required specifications and required characteristics within a range not impairing the object of the present invention.
- organic fiber and inorganic fine powder are mixed and used for the above-mentioned purpose.
- the fine glass fiber is 50% by mass or more, and has an acid resistance and heat fusion property.
- a structure containing 0 to 30% by mass of fibers and 0 to 30% by mass of inorganic fine powder is preferable.
- the thick fiber layer 70% by mass or more of fine glass fibers, and organic fibers having acid resistance and heat-fusibility are included. A constitution containing 0 to 30% by mass is preferable.
- the inorganic fine powder can be efficiently suppressed from growing dendrite that precipitates and grows from the surface of the negative electrode plate by being included in the fine fiber layer of the separator in contact with the electrode plate surface.
- acid-resistant C glass is flame-processed (a method in which molten glass is flowed down from a nozzle at the bottom of a melting furnace into a filament and blown away with a high-speed flame) or a centrifugal method (melted glass is rotated at high speed).
- the short glass fiber In the short glass fiber, it is mixed with the original short glass fiber, the end of the fiber has a teardrop-like lump, the fiber is partially thickened, before being blown away with a flame or high-speed airflow There are cases where a small amount of granular materials or fibrous materials having a relatively large size are mixed with the original short glass fibers such as those in which thick fibers remain as they are (this is usually called a shot).
- the separator of the present invention is not limited as long as the fine fiber layer having the characteristics described above and the thick fiber layer having the characteristics described above have a three-layer laminated structure having the characteristics described above. Or it may not be integrated.
- a wet papermaking sheet separator having a three-layer structure of a fine fiber layer and a thick fiber layer of the present invention is obtained by laminating and integrating a wet papermaking sheet that becomes a fine fiber layer and a wet papermaking sheet that becomes a thick fiber layer.
- the fine fiber layer and the thick fiber layer are formed (or simultaneously with the formation) and are obtained by laminating and integrating in a wet state (superimposing wet paper sheets) It is preferable that it is obtained by combining the former method and the latter method), or by combining the former method and the latter method.
- a fine fiber layer and a thick fiber layer are formed (or simultaneously with the formation) in a wet state. Those obtained by laminating integrally remains more preferred.
- the total thickness of the separator of the present invention is not particularly limited, but can be, for example, about 1 to 3 mm.
- the sealed lead-acid battery according to the present invention has a structure in which a wet papermaking sheet separator having a three-layer laminated structure of the above-described characteristics is disposed between the electrode plates, and the fine fiber layer of the above-described characteristics and the thick fiber layer of the above-described characteristics.
- a separator in which a fine fiber layer and a thick fiber layer are laminated and integrated may be incorporated, or a wet paper sheet that becomes a fine fiber layer and a wet paper sheet that becomes a thick fiber layer. You may make it integrate and integrate.
- the pasting paper provided on the surface of the electrode plate is configured as a fine fiber layer having the above-described characteristics
- the separator is configured as a thick fiber layer having the above-described characteristics.
- the structure is substantially the same as the battery structure in which the wet papermaking sheet separator having the three-layer laminated structure having the above-described characteristics is arranged between the electrode plates, and brings about the same effects as the effects of the present invention described above. Can do.
- Example 1 A wet sheet (fine fiber sheet) obtained by wet-making 100% by mass of short C glass fibers having an average fiber diameter of 0.5 ⁇ m and a wet form by wet-making 100% by mass of short C glass fibers having an average fiber diameter of 1.2 ⁇ m
- a sheet with a three-layered structure (a thick fiber sheet) is laminated in the order of fine fiber sheet-thick fiber sheet-fine fiber sheet, integrated in a wet state, and dried. (Thickness 2.0 mm) was obtained.
- Example 1 a separator having a three-layer structure (thickness: 2.0 mm) was obtained according to the conditions shown in Tables 1 to 4, respectively.
- Example 51 85% by mass of short C glass fibers having an average fiber diameter of 0.8 ⁇ m, an organic fiber having acid resistance and heat-sealing properties, an average fineness of 1.3 dtex, an average fiber length of 5 mm, and a core component of polyethylene terephthalate (melting point of about 245?
- Example 52 A wet sheet (fine fiber) prepared by wet-making paper 75% by mass of short C glass fibers having an average fiber diameter of 0.9 ⁇ m and 25% by mass of polyethylene terephthalate / copolymerized polyester core-sheath composite fiber used in Example 51 Sheet), 85% by mass of C glass short fibers having an average fiber diameter of 1.8 ⁇ m, and 15% by mass of the polyethylene terephthalate / copolymerized polyester core-sheath type composite fiber used in Example 51, while still wet.
- a sheet (thick fiber sheet) is laminated in the order of fine fiber sheet-thick fiber sheet-fine fiber sheet, integrated in a wet state, and dried to form a separator having a three-layer structure (thickness 2) 0.0 mm).
- Silica fine powder 20 having 65% by mass of short C glass fibers having an average fiber diameter of 1.0 ⁇ m, 15% by mass of polyethylene terephthalate / copolyester core-sheath type composite fiber used in Example 51, and a specific surface area of 200 m 2 / g.
- a wet sheet (thick fiber sheet) made by wet-making 15% by mass of composite fiber is laminated in the order of fine fiber sheet-thick fiber sheet-thin fiber sheet and integrated in the wet state. And dried to obtain a separator having a three-layer structure (thickness: 2.0 mm).
- 100% by mass of C glass short fibers having an average fiber diameter of 0.6 ⁇ m were wet-made and dried to obtain a single-layer separator (thickness 2.0 mm).
- Comparative Examples 6 to 10 Similarly to Comparative Example 5, a single-layer separator (thickness 2.0 mm) was obtained according to the conditions shown in Table 4, respectively.
- Moisture content (%) (W 2 ⁇ W 1 ) ⁇ W 2 ⁇ 100 ⁇ Pressing force>
- the separator sample cut to 10 cm ⁇ 10 cm is placed in a plastic bag so as to have a total thickness of about 6 mm, and then sandwiched in a horizontal pressure device equipped with a load cell at a pressure of 40 kg / 100 cm 2 , and a specific gravity of 1.3
- the sulfuric acid solution is injected at intervals of 5 g, and the pressure at each injection is measured. The injection is performed until the sulfuric acid solution overflows from the separator sample to the surface. Next, the sulfuric acid solution overflowing on the surface of the separator sample is extracted, and the amount of the extracted solution and the pressure at that time are measured.
- the sulfuric acid solution held inside the separator sample is forcibly extracted by a syringe, and each time the sample is extracted, the amount of the extracted solution and the pressure at that time are measured. This operation is performed until the sulfuric acid solution cannot be extracted from the separator sample.
- a graph as shown in FIG. 1 of Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 5-67463 is created by taking the amount of liquid injection (the amount of liquid adhered to the separator sample) on the horizontal axis and the pressure on the vertical axis.
- the approximate behavior shown in the graph is that the pressure gradually decreases after the start of injection, the pressure gradually decreases at a certain point, then the pressure gradually increases, and finally, the pressure increases and stops changing. .
- the amount of liquid on the horizontal axis (the amount of liquid adhering to the separator sample) at the time when this pressure starts to rise and stops changing (point A in FIG. %,
- the pressure is 65%, the pressure (kg / 100 cm 2 ) is read and used as the compression force (kg / 100 cm 2 ).
- ⁇ Liquid drop speed The separator sample is sufficiently impregnated with water and is sandwiched between acrylic plates so that the pressure is 50 kg / 100 cm 2 , and a colored sulfuric acid solution having a specific gravity of 1.3 is poured from above, and the falling distance of the colored sulfuric acid solution after 60 minutes ( mm) to measure the liquid drop speed (mm / hr).
- ⁇ Liquid transfer amount Separator samples A, B, and C (A: outer layer, B: intermediate layer, C: outer layer) having the same thickness and having a size of 10 cm ⁇ 10 cm are prepared, and weights (A 1 , B 1 , C 1 ) are measured.
- the separator sample B is sufficiently filled with water and left on a 45 ° inclined plate for 5 minutes.
- the weight (B 2 ) of separator sample B at this time is measured.
- the separator sample B is sandwiched between the separator samples A and C from both sides, and a pressure of 50 kPa is applied and left for 60 minutes (water contained in the separator sample B is soaked into the separator samples A and C).
- the weights (A 3 , B 3 , C 3 ) of the separator samples A, B, C at this time are measured. It should be noted that the amount of liquid (B 5 ) that the separator sample B can hold when pressurized by 50 kPa is measured in advance.
- the weight (B 1 ) of the separator sample B having a size of 10 cm ⁇ 10 cm is measured.
- pressurization of 50 kPa is applied to remove excess moisture, and the sample is left for 60 minutes, and the weight (B 4 ) is measured.
- the amount of liquid (B 5 ) that the separator sample B can hold when pressurized by 50 kPa is calculated as (B 4 -B 1 ).
- the amount of liquid movement (g / 100 cm 2 / hr) moved between the separator samples is calculated by the following equation.
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Abstract
Description
(比較例1)
平均繊維径0.5μmのCガラス短繊維100質量%を湿式抄造した湿潤状態のままのシート(細繊維シート)と、平均繊維径1.2μmのCガラス短繊維100質量%を湿式抄造した湿潤状態のままのシート(太繊維シート)とを、細繊維シート-太繊維シート-細繊維シートの順となるように積層し湿潤状態のまま一体化し、乾燥して、3層の積層構造のセパレータ(厚さ2.0mm)を得た。
(実施例1~50、比較例2~4)
比較例1と同様に、それぞれ、表1~4に示す各条件に従い、3層の積層構造のセパレータ(厚さ2.0mm)を得た。
(実施例51)
平均繊維径0.8μmのCガラス短繊維85質量%と、耐酸性及び熱融着性を有する有機繊維として平均繊度1.3dtex、平均繊維長5mmで、芯成分がポリエチレンテレフタレート(融点約245?)で鞘成分が共重合ポリエステル(融点約110?)のポリエチレンテレフタレート/共重合ポリエステル芯鞘型複合繊維(芯成分と鞘成分の重量比50:50)15質量%とを湿式抄造した湿潤状態のままのシート(細繊維シート)と、平均繊維径1.5μmのCガラス短繊維100質量%を湿式抄造した湿潤状態のままのシート(太繊維シート)とを、細繊維シート-太繊維シート-細繊維シートの順となるように積層し湿潤状態のまま一体化し、乾燥して、3層の積層構造のセパレータ(厚さ2.0mm)を得た。
(実施例52)
平均繊維径0.9μmのCガラス短繊維75質量%と、実施例51で使用したポリエチレンテレフタレート/共重合ポリエステル芯鞘型複合繊維25質量%とを湿式抄造した湿潤状態のままのシート(細繊維シート)と、平均繊維径1.8μmのCガラス短繊維85質量%と、実施例51で使用したポリエチレンテレフタレート/共重合ポリエステル芯鞘型複合繊維15質量%とを湿式抄造した湿潤状態のままのシート(太繊維シート)とを、細繊維シート-太繊維シート-細繊維シートの順となるように積層し湿潤状態のまま一体化し、乾燥して、3層の積層構造のセパレータ(厚さ2.0mm)を得た。
(実施例53)
平均繊維径1.0μmのCガラス短繊維65質量%と、実施例51で使用したポリエチレンテレフタレート/共重合ポリエステル芯鞘型複合繊維15質量%と、比表面積が200m2/gのシリカ微粉体20質量%とを湿式抄造した湿潤状態のままのシート(細繊維シート)と、平均繊維径1.8μmのCガラス短繊維85質量%と、実施例51で使用したポリエチレンテレフタレート/共重合ポリエステル芯鞘型複合繊維15質量%とを湿式抄造した湿潤状態のままのシート(太繊維シート)とを、細繊維シート-太繊維シート-細繊維シートの順となるように積層し湿潤状態のまま一体化し、乾燥して、3層の積層構造のセパレータ(厚さ2.0mm)を得た。
(比較例5)
平均繊維径0.6μmのCガラス短繊維100質量%を湿式抄造し、乾燥して、単層構造のセパレータ(厚さ2.0mm)を得た。
(比較例6~10)
比較例5と同様に、それぞれ、表4に示す各条件に従い、単層構造のセパレータ(厚さ2.0mm)を得た。
〈厚さ〉
電池工業会規格SBA S 0406に準じた方法で測定した。
〈平均孔径〉
外層・中間層個別におのおの1.5mm厚さのセパレータ試料に測定用液体を充分含ませ、Porous Material, Inc.社のCapillary Flow Porometer(型式CFP-1200AEC)で32mmΦの専用金網アダプターを使用し、測定した。
〈引張強度〉
電池工業会規格SBA S 0406に準じた方法で測定した。
〈含水率〉
セパレータを10cm×10cmに裁断し試料とし、重量(W1)を測定する。試料を水中に1時間浸漬後引き上げて、ピンセットで試料の角部を掴んで斜め45゜の状態に持ち上げ保持し、試料から落下する水滴の間隔が5秒以上となった時点の試料重量(W2)を測定する。次式により、含水率(%)を算出する。
含水率(%)=(W2-W1)÷ W2 × 100
〈圧迫力〉
10cm×10cmに裁断したセパレータ試料を総厚さ約6mmとなるように重ねてポリ袋に入れた後、ロードセルを備えた横型加圧装置に圧力40kg/100cm2の条件で挟み、比重1.3の硫酸液を5g間隔で注液していき、各注液時の圧力を測定する。注液は、硫酸液がセパレータ試料内部から表面に溢れ出るようになるまで行う。次に、セパレータ試料の表面に溢れ出た硫酸液を抜き取り、抜き取った液量とその時の圧力を測定する。次に、セパレータ試料内部に保持されている硫酸液を注射器により強制的に抜き取り、抜き取りの都度、抜き取った液量とその時の圧力を測定する。この操作は、セパレータ試料から硫酸液が抜き出せなくなるまで行う。これら測定結果を基に、横軸に注液量(セパレータ試料の液付着量)、縦軸に圧力を取って、特開平5-67463号公報の図1に示すようなグラフを作成する。グラフに表されるおよその挙動は、注液開始後、徐々に圧力は下がっていき、ある時点で圧力は下がり切り、その後圧力は徐々に上がっていき、最後は、圧力は上がり切り変化しなくなる。この圧力が上がり切って変化しなくなり始める時点(特開平5-67463号公報の図1ではA点)の横軸の液量(セパレータ試料の液付着量)を、セパレータ試料の硫酸液飽和度100%の時点とし、硫酸液をセパレータ試料から抜き出す操作を行った時のグラフ曲線(特開平5-67463号公報の図1ではA点からC点に向かう曲線)から、セパレータ試料の硫酸液飽和度が65%の時の圧力(kg/100cm2)を読み取り、圧迫力(kg/100cm2)とする。
〈液降下速度〉
セパレータ試料を水を十分含ませた状態で50kg/100cm2の圧力となるようにアクリル板で挟み、上部から比重1.3の着色硫酸液を流し込み、60分後の着色硫酸液の降下距離(mm)を測定し、液降下速度(mm/hr)とする。
〈液移動量〉
同一厚さとした10cm×10cm寸法のセパレータ試料A,B,C(A:外層,B:中間層,C:外層)を用意し、重量(A1,B1,C1)を測定する。次に、セパレータ試料Bに水を十分含ませ、45゜の傾斜板上で5分間放置する。このときのセパレータ試料Bの重量(B2)を測定する。次に、セパレータ試料Bを両側からセパレータ試料A,Cで挟み、50kPaの加圧を掛けて60分間放置する(セパレータ試料Bが含んでいる水をセパレータ試料A,Cに滲み込ませる)。このときのセパレータ試料A,B,Cの重量(A3,B3,C3)を測定する。
尚、事前に、セパレータ試料Bが50kPa加圧時に保持できる液量(B5)を測定しておく。まず、10cm×10cm寸法のセパレータ試料Bの重量(B1)を測定する。次に、セパレータ試料Bに水を十分含ませた後、50kPaの加圧を掛け、余分な水分を除去し、60分間放置して、重量(B4)を測定する。セパレータ試料Bが50kPa加圧時に保持できる液量(B5)を(B4-B1)にて算出する。
次に、セパレータ試料間で移動した液移動量(g/100cm2/hr)を、次式にて算出する。
(1)中間層Bから外層Aへの液移動量 A6 = A3-A1-[(B2-B5)÷2]
(2)中間層Bから外層Cへの液移動量 C6 = C3-C1-[(B2-B5)÷2]
(3)中間層Bから外層A,Cへの液移動量 D = A6 + C6
Claims (11)
- 微細ガラス繊維を主体とした湿式抄造シートからなる密閉型鉛蓄電池用セパレータにおいて、前記微細ガラス繊維として平均繊維径0.4~1.0μmのガラス繊維で構成され平均孔径が3.5μm以下である細繊維層と、前記微細ガラス繊維として平均繊維径1.3~4.0μmのガラス繊維で構成され平均孔径が4.0μm以上かつ前記細繊維層の1.5倍以上である太繊維層とが、セパレータの厚さ方向に、2層の前記細繊維層で1層の前記太繊維層を両面から覆うように3層の積層構造をなした構造体であり、全層における前記ガラス繊維の平均繊維径が1.2μm以上で、全層における前記細繊維層と前記太繊維層との厚さ比率が10/90~50/50であることを特徴とする密閉型鉛蓄電池用セパレータ。
- 前記2層の細繊維層の厚さは略同一であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の密閉型鉛蓄電池用セパレータ。
- 前記2層の細繊維層の平均孔径は略同一であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の密閉型鉛蓄電池用セパレータ。
- 前記セパレータが実質的に前記微細ガラス繊維のみから構成され、前記細繊維層を構成する前記微細ガラス繊維の平均繊維径が0.4~0.9μmであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の密閉型鉛蓄電池用セパレータ。
- 前記全層における前記細繊維層と前記太繊維層との厚さ比率が10/90以上25/75未満であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の密閉型鉛蓄電池用セパレータ。
- 前記細繊維層が、前記微細ガラス繊維を50質量%以上、耐酸性及び熱融着性を有する有機繊維を0~30質量%、無機質微粉体を0~30質量%含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の密閉型鉛蓄電池用セパレータ。
- 前記太繊維層が、前記微細ガラス繊維を70質量%以上、耐酸性及び熱融着性を有する有機繊維を0~30質量%含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の密閉型鉛蓄電池用セパレータ。
- 前記細繊維層と前記太繊維層は、前記湿式抄造シートを得る湿式抄造工程において湿潤状態のまま3層の積層構造体に形成されたものであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の密閉型鉛蓄電池用セパレータ。
- 請求項1に記載のセパレータを使用したことを特徴とする密閉型鉛蓄電池。
- 微細ガラス繊維を主体とした湿式抄造シートからなるセパレータが極板間に配置された密閉型鉛蓄電池において、前記セパレータは、前記微細ガラス繊維として平均繊維径0.4~1.0μmのガラス繊維で構成され平均孔径が3.5μm以下である細繊維層と、前記微細ガラス繊維として平均繊維径1.3~4.0μmのガラス繊維で構成され平均孔径が4.0μm以上かつ前記細繊維層の1.5倍以上である太繊維層とが、セパレータの厚さ方向に、2層の前記細繊維層で1層の前記太繊維層を両面から覆うように3層の積層構造をなした構造体で、全層における前記ガラス繊維の平均繊維径が1.2μm以上、全層における前記細繊維層と前記太繊維層との厚さ比率が10/90~50/50のセパレータであり、前記極板面と接する面は前記細繊維層のみであることを特徴とする密閉型鉛蓄電池。
- 前記セパレータは、前記全層における前記細繊維層と前記太繊維層との厚さ比率が10/90以上25/75未満であることを特徴とする請求項10に記載の密閉型鉛蓄電池。
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US13/696,883 US20130101887A1 (en) | 2010-05-11 | 2011-04-27 | Separator for valve regulated lead-acid battery, and valve regulated lead-acid battery |
CN201180023218.3A CN102884654B (zh) | 2010-05-11 | 2011-04-27 | 密闭型铅蓄电池用隔板及密闭型铅蓄电池 |
BR112012028779A BR112012028779A2 (pt) | 2010-05-11 | 2011-04-27 | separador para bateria de chumbo ácido regulada por válvula, e bateria de chumbo ácido regulada por válvula |
EP11780356A EP2571079A1 (en) | 2010-05-11 | 2011-04-27 | Separator for a sealed lead-acid battery, and sealed lead-acid battery |
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JP2010109582A JP5432813B2 (ja) | 2010-05-11 | 2010-05-11 | 密閉型鉛蓄電池用セパレータ及び密閉型鉛蓄電池 |
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CN113471642B (zh) * | 2021-04-02 | 2023-08-15 | 浙江南都电源动力股份有限公司 | 一种负极防护组件及负极防护电池及负极防护方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20130101887A1 (en) | 2013-04-25 |
JP2011238492A (ja) | 2011-11-24 |
EP2571079A1 (en) | 2013-03-20 |
JP5432813B2 (ja) | 2014-03-05 |
CN102884654B (zh) | 2016-01-06 |
CN102884654A (zh) | 2013-01-16 |
BR112012028779A2 (pt) | 2017-07-25 |
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