Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D413/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D413/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
  • C07D413/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing aromatic rings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D263/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings
  • C07D263/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings
  • C07D263/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member
  • C07D263/16—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D263/18—Oxygen atoms
  • C07D263/20—Oxygen atoms attached in position 2
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/535—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with at least one nitrogen and one oxygen as the ring hetero atoms, e.g. 1,2-oxazines
  • A61K31/5375—1,4-Oxazines, e.g. morpholine
  • A61K31/5377—1,4-Oxazines, e.g. morpholine not condensed and containing further heterocyclic rings, e.g. timolol
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
  • A61P31/04—Antibacterial agents

Definitions

• the invention described herein pertains to processes for preparing linezolid, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
• Linezolid is a synthetic antibiotic used for the treatment of serious infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria that are resistant to several other antibiotics.
• a member of the oxazolidinone class of drugs, linezolid is active against most Gram-positive bacteria that cause disease, including streptococci, vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).
• the main indications of linezolid are infections of the skin and soft tissues and pneumonia (particularly hospital- acquired pneumonia), although off-label use for a variety of other infections is becoming popular.
• Linezolid is marketed by Pfizer under the trade names ZyvoxTM (in the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, and several other countries), ZyvoxidTM (in Europe), and ZyvoxamTM (in Canada and Mexico).
• ZyvoxTM in the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, and several other countries
• ZyvoxidTM in Europe
• ZyvoxamTM in Canada and Mexico
• the current sales for linezolid are over one billion US dollars per year and rising in part because of its indication for the treatment of many forms of MRSA.
• Linezolid is quite expensive, as a course of treatment can cost up to several thousand U.S. dollars. Much of the high cost of linezolid has been attributed to the expense of its manufacture. Therefore, the development of new, more economical processes for
• Described herein are efficient processes for the preparation of linezolid and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
• the processes described herein include the step of preparing the oxazolidinone present in linezolid and
• the processes include the step of preparing 3- fluoro-4-chloronitrobenzene from 4-chloronitrobenzene and fluorine.
• the processes include the step of preparing 3-fluoro-4-(l-morpholino)nitrobenzene, or a salt thereof, from 3-fluoro-4-halonitrobenzene and morpholine.
• the processes include the step of preparing 3-fluoro-4-(l-morpholino)aniline, or a salt thereof, from 3-fluoro-4-(l-morpholino)nitrobenzene and a reducing agent.
• the processes include the step of preparing 3-fluoro-4-(l- morpholino)phenyl isocyanate from 3-fluoro-4-(l-morpholino)aniline and an acylating agent. In another alternative aspect, the processes include the step of preparing a compound of the formula
• the processes include the step of preparing a compound of the formula
• described herein are process that proceed in high overall yield. In another embodiment, described herein are process that do not require any purifications using chromatography. In another embodiment, described herein are process where the products from each step are isolated as solids and/or crystalline solids. In another embodiment, described herein are process that proceed with high enantiomeric excess. It is to be understood that the processes described herein may be performed using and to produce racemic material, or optically active material of either absolute configuration. It is also to be understood that the processes described herein may be routinely adapted to prepare any of a wide variety of materials having a predetermined enanatiomeric excess or a predetermined range of enanatiomeric excess. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
• a process for preparing linezolid or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof comprising a step selected from the group consisting of
• RA is halo or a protected amino group
• R ⁇ is halo, amino, or a protected amino group
• processes are described that include one or more of any of the steps, two or more of any of the steps, three or more of any of the steps, and so on.
• processes are described herein that include step (e); processes are also described herein that include steps (d) and (e); processes are also described herein that include steps (e) and (f); processes are also described herein that include steps (d), (e), and (f); and so on.
• step (e) the RA group on the oxirane and the group on the oxazolidinone are generally the same.
• RA halo
• RB halo
• RA a protected amino group
• RB IS a protected amino group.
• RA may be converted to a different RB in step (e) and still fall within the scope of the process step.
• R A is halo, such as chloro
• RB may be amino or a protected amino if other components are added to the mixture that are capable of concomitantly or sequentially converting the halo, such as chloro, to amino or a protected amino.
• RA is a protected amino
• RB may be amino if other components are added to the mixture that are capable of concomitantly or sequentially converting the protected amino to amino.
• acylating agent is phosgene or a phosgene analog.
• phosgene analogs include diphosphosgene, triphosgene, carbonyldiimidazole, and the like.
• a process for preparing linezolid or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof comprising a step selected from the group consisting of
• RA is halo or a protected amino group
• RB is halo, amino, or a protected amino group
• processes are described that include one or more of any of the steps, two or more of any of the steps, three or more of any of the steps, and so on.
• processes are described herein that include step (d); processes are also described herein that include steps (c) and (d); processes are also described herein that include steps (b), (c), and (d); and so on.
• step (d) the RA group on the oxirane and the
• RB group on the oxazolidinone are generally the same.
• RA is halo, such as chloro
• RB is halo, such as chloro
• RA is a protected amino group
• RB IS a protected amino group.
• RA may be converted to a different RB in step (d) and still fall within the scope of the process step. For example, when RA is halo, such as chloro, RB is halo, such as chloro; and when RA is a protected amino group, RB IS a protected amino group.
• RA may be converted to a different RB in step (d) and still fall within the scope of the process step. For example, when RA is halo, such as chloro, RB is halo, such as chloro; and when RA is a protected amino group, RB IS a protected amino group.
• RA may be converted to a different RB in step (d) and still fall within the scope of the process step. For example, when RA
• RA is halo, such as chloro
• RB may be amino or a protected amino if other components are added to the mixture that are capable of concomitantly or sequentially converting the halo, such as chloro, to amino or a protected amino.
• R ⁇ is a protected amino
• RB may be amino if other components are added to the mixture that are capable of concomitantly or sequentially converting the protected amino to amino.
• activating agent is a chlorinating agent and the activated acid is an acid chloride.
• activating agents including but not limited to, brominating agents, pentafluorophenylating agents, peptide coupling agents, and the like.
• the chlorinating agent comprises thionyl chloride, phosphoryl chloride, phosphorous pentachloride, and the like, or a combination thereof.
• the activating agent is phosphoryl chloride
• the azide salt is sodium azide
• Ar is optionally substituted phenyl
• R ⁇ is benzylidene amino, 4-chlorobenzylidene amino; 4- bromobenzylidene amino; or 2,4-dichlorobenzylidene amino.
• RB is benzylidene amino, 4-chlorobenzylidene amino; 4- bromobenzylidene amino; or 2,4-dichlorobenzylidene amino.
• Ar is optionally substituted phenyl
• Ar is optionally substituted phenyl
• described herein is a process for preparing 3-fluoro-4- (l-morpholino)phenyl isocyanate, the process comprising the step of mixing 3-fluoro-4-(l- morpholino)aniline with an acylating agent.
• acylating agent is phosgene or a phosgene analog.
• described herein is a compound of the formula 3- fluoro-4-(l-morpholino)phenyl isocyanate.
• described herein is a process for preparing 3-fluoro-4- chloronitrobenzene, the process comprising the step of mixing 4-chloronitrobenzene with fluorine.
• described herein is a compound of the formula 3- fluoro-4-chloronitrobenzene.
• described herein is a process for preparing 3-fluoro-4- (morpholin-l-yl)benzoyl azide, or a salt thereof, the process comprising the steps of (a) mixing 3-fluoro-4-(morpholin-l-yl)benzoic acid with an activating agent to prepare the corresponding activated acid; and (b) mixing the corresponding activated acid with an azide salt.
• the activating agent is a chlorinating agent and the activated acid is an acid chloride.
• chlorinating agent comprises thionyl chloride, phosphoryl chloride, phosphorous pentachloride, or a combination thereof.
• chlorinating agent comprises phosphorous pentachloride.
• described herein is a compound of the formula 3- fluoro-4-(morpholin-l-yl)benzoyl azide, or a salt thereof.
• the substituent Y is a leaving group such as a halogen, and the like.
• Y is F or CI.
• the preparation of compound (14) may be performed as a neat mixture or in a solvent, such as sulfolane.
• compound (14) in the above scheme precipitates as a solid from the reaction mixture upon acidification, and may be optionally further purified by crystallization.
• illustrative solvents include, but are not limited to, CH2CI2, acetone/H20 mixtures, xylenes, xylene/H20 mixtures, DMF, DMSO, and the like.
• intermediate acid chloride (22) is not isolated.
• intermediate acid chloride (22) is isolated as a crystalline solid.
• illustrative catalytic sources of Br include, but are not limited to, magnesium bromide etherate, lithium bromide in combination with a phosphine oxide, such as tri-n-butylphosphine oxide, and the like.
• R is alkyl, aryl or heteroaryl, each of which is optionally substituted.
• R 1 is optionally substituted phenyl, including but not limited to phenyl, 4-chlorophenyl, 2,4-dichlorophenyl, 2,6-dichlorophenyl, 4-bromophenyl, 4-nitrophenyl, and the like.
• R 1 is phenyl.
• compound (17) in the above scheme precipitates or crystallizes from the reaction mixture, and may be optionally further purified by crystallization. It has been unexpectedly discovered that compound (17), when R 1 is unsubstituted phenyl, is also isolable from the reaction mixture as a solid.
• compound (11) in the above scheme precipitates or crystallizes from the reaction mixture, and may be optionally further purified by
• the processes include the following sequence of steps:
• compound (2) crystallizes from the reaction mixture, and may be optionally further purified by crystallization. It is to be understood that a wide variety of reducing agents, including HCO 2 NH 4 and catalytic Pd may be used in the processes described herein.
• compound (6) crystallizes from the reaction mixture, and may be optionally further purified by crystallization. Compound (6) may be subsequently mixed with oxiranes (16) described herein, and carried forward to prepare linezolid, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• described herein is a process for the conversion of acid azides, such as compound (15) and/or isocyanates, such as compound (6) into linezolid using epichlorohydrins.
• the processes include the following sequence of ste s:
• described herein is a process for the conversion of azides, such as com ounds (8) into linezolid in one step:
• W represents one or more substituents as described herein. It is to be understood that the imines described herein may be either in a (Z) or (E) configuration, or a wide variety of mixtures thereof. Without being bound by theory, it is believed herein that the
• arylalkylidene imines are typically in or predominantly in the (E) configuration, as shown herein for compounds such as (16A).
• processes for the preparation of 3-fluoro-4-(l-morpholino)nitrobenzene include the step of displacing a leaving group present at the 4-positoin on the corresponding 3- fluoronitrobenzene.
• Illustrative leaving groups include halogens, such as chloro and fluoro.
• 3,4-difluoronitrobenzene is commercially available.
• 4-chloro-3-fluoronitrobenzene may be prepared as described herein by fluorinating 4-chloronitrobenzene.
• described herein is a convergent process for the preparation of the antibiotic linezolid starting from 3,4-difluorobenzoic acid and (S)- epichlorohydrin. In one aspect, this convergent process provides linezolid in an overall yield of 34.7% . In another embodiment, processes described herein are used to prepare linezolid having an enantiomeric excess of about 97% or greater, about 98% or greater, or about 99% or greater. In another aspect, the processes described herein avoid the use of expensive reagents such as lithium i-butoxide and (R)-glycidyl butyrate.
• EXAMPLE 1 General. Products were analyzed by LCMS (dissolving the product in acetonitrile) under the following conditions. Column: Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18, 5 uM, 4.6x150 mm. Solvent A: 5 mM Ammonium acetate in Water. Solvent B: 5 mM
• Method A Time 0 Min: 20% B; Time 25 min 100% B; gradient elution flow rate 1.00 ml/min.
• Method B Time 0 Min: 20% B; Time 10 min 100% B; stop time 12 min; gradient elution flow rate 1.00 ml/min.
• GCMS analyses were performed under the following conditions: Column: HP-5 5% phenyl methyl siloxane (HP1909/J-433). Method: Time 0 min 80°C; Time 2 min column temp increases at 20°C/ min to 300°C; Stop Time 12 min.
• Fluoro-4-morpholinonitrobenzene (2) (12.6 gm, 55.67mmol) and ammonium formate (14.45 gm, 229 mmol) was added to a 3-neck 500 ml rd bottom flask with football stirrer. Methanol (135 ml) and reagent grade THF (35 ml) were added to the flask. The mixture was warmed to obtain a homogenous solution and ammonium formate (14.45 gm, 229 mmol) was added forming a homogenous solution. The reaction was cooled in an ice bath and the flask was alternately evacuated (House vac) and filled with argon (4 X) (Firestone valve).
• EXAMPLE 6 3-Fluoro-4-morpholinoisocyanate (6). 20% Phosgene in toluene (71 ml, 135 mmol) was cannulated into a dry 1 L 3-neck round bottom flask under argon that was fitted with a septum, overhead stirrer, and gas inlet tube. The septum was replaced with a 500 mL side arm dropping funnel that had an Argon inlet tube on top, and the gas inlet tube on the 1 L flask was replaced with a thermometer. The reaction was cooled in a dry ice acetone bath to ca. -20 °C with stirring. Aniline (5) (13.3 g, 67.8 mmol) was dissolved in warm (ca.
• the reaction was refluxed an additional 15 minutes, cooled to room temperature and filtered through fluted filter paper to remove a small quantity of flocculent material, rinsing with toluene (15 ml). TLC of the light yellow filtrate (small aliquot diluted with MeOH, to make the methyl carbamate) showed a single spot. The filtrate was evaporated in vacuo to an almost colorless oil. The oil was poured into a 250 Erlenmeyer flask washing with hexane (total volume 60 ml). Within minutes off-white to light purple crystals formed. The crystalline mixture was cooled in an ice bath under argon and was collected by filtration (12.6 g, 84%) after drying in vacuo.
• the reaction was cooled in a dry ice acetone bath to ca. - 20°C with stirring.
• Aniline (5) (10 g, 51mmol) was dissolved in warm (ca. 45 °C) toluene (275 ml) and added to the dropping funnel.
• the aniline solution was added to the rapidly stirring 20% phosgene solution in a slow stream keeping the reaction temperature at ⁇ - 20 °C. Soon a thick milky white precipitate formed.
• the dropping funnel was rinsed with toluene (25 ml).
• the dropping funnel was replaced with a reflux condenser with an argon inlet tube and the thermometer was replaced with a glass stopper.
• the milky white suspension was heated to reflux.
• EXAMPLE 8 (S)-(E,Z)-5-((Benzylideneamino)methyl)-3-(3-fluoro-4- morpholinophenyl)oxazolidin-2-one (13).
• Anhydrous LiBr 60 mg, 0.69 mmol
• a 0.1 M solution of tri-n-butylphosphine oxide in o-xylene 6.4ml, 0.64 mmol
• o-xylene 25 ml
• the mixture was refluxed for 50 minutes to dissolve the LiBr by azetropically removing water by distilling off ca. 12 ml of the xylene.
• EXAMPLE 9 (5)-N-[ ⁇ 3-[3-Fluoro-4-(morpholinyl)phenyl]-oxo-5- oxazolidyl]methylamine (11).
• Anhydrous LiBr (30 mg, 0.3 mmol) and tri-n-butylphosphine oxide (75 mg. 0.3 mmol) were added to a 25 ml 3-neck round bottom flask with football stirring bar containing oxylene (10 ml). The mixture was refluxed for 50 minutes in an oil bath to azeotropically remove water.
• the solid was dissolved in CH 2 CI 2 (ca. 4 ml) and applied to a flash silica gel column ( 50 ml) packed with CH 2 C1 2 . Elution with CH 2 C1 2 (200 ml) and then CH 2 Cl 2 :MeOH (9: 1).
• EXAMPLE 10 (5)-N-[ ⁇ 3-[3-Fluoro-4-(morpholinyl)phenyl]-oxo-5- oxazolidyl]methylamine (11) hydrochloride. To a 50 ml 3-neck rd bottom flask with stirring bar and drying tube was added (S)-,E,Z)-5-((benzylideneamino)methyl)-3-(3-fluoro-4- morpholinophenyl)oxazolidin-2-one (13) (766 mg, 2 mmol) and EtOAc (8 ml). The mixture was heated to reflux to form a clear solution.
• the reaction solution was placed in a 45 C oil bath with stirring and a solution of 1 N HC1 in ethanol (10 ml, 10 mmol) (prepared by the addition of acetyl chloride to ethanol) was added dropwise. A white precipitate formed that went back in solution on complete addition of the ethanolic HC1 leaving a cloudy white reaction mixture. (Dropwise addition prevents clumping of the precipitate), The reaction was stirred at 45 °C for 5 hours to overnight . The reaction was removed from the oil bath and ethyl acetate (15 ml) was added to the white crystalline solid. The solvent was separated from the crystals using a filter stick and a positive argon pressure.
• the crystals were washed with ethyl acetate (2 x 15 ml) and dried under vacuum using a Firestone valve.
• the white crystals were treated with refluxing ethanol (8 ml) and the resulting solution was gravity filtered through fluted filter paper into an Erlenmeyer flask and slowly cooled to room temp and then in an ice bath with stirring.
• the resulting off-white crystals of (11) hydrochloride (430 mg, 65%) were collected by filtration, washed with EtOH and dried in a vac oven (House vacuum) at 40 °C.
• EXAMPLE 11 (5)-N-[ ⁇ 3-[3-Fluoro-4-(morpholinyl)phenyl]-oxo-5- oxazolidyl]methyl]acetamide: Linezolid (9). In a dry 2-neck 15 ml round bottom flask with stirring bar, septum and reflux condenser containing an argon bubbler on top was added (5 1 )- N-[ ⁇ 3-[3-fluoro-4-(morpholinyl)phenyl]-oxo-5-oxazolidyl]methyl]amine (1 1) (540 mg, 1.83 mmol) and CH 2 CI 2 (5 ml).
• the reaction solution was evaporated to a colorless thick oil and diluted with water (5 ml). The solution was cooled on Dry Ice and then allowed to warm to room temperature forming white crystals (seeding - but not necessary). Decanted the water from the fine crystals (difficult to filter) and removed the rest of the water by warming the round bottom containing the crystals at 40 °C under high vacuum. (Crystals partially melted during the 30 min - cooled in an ice bath while continuing to pull vacuum at the the end of the 30 min).
• the white crystals were recrystallized from 300 ml of hot hexane removing a small amount of insoluble material by treating with Celite followed by gravity filtration throuth fluted filter paper - concentrated via reflux to 100 ml, cooled to room tempearture and then in an ice bath. The resulting white crystals were collected by filtration and dried at room tempearture (House vacuum) (7.53 g, 70.6%), GCMS retention time 8.84 min, m/e 196.
• EXAMPLE 12 (5 (E ⁇ -N-benzyUdene-l-(oxkan-2-yl)methanamine (10). (5XE,Z)-l-(Benzylideneaimno)-3-chloropropan-2-ol (12) (2.55 g, 12.9 mmol), reagent grade methanol (65 ml) and anhydrous K 2 C0 3 (3.56 g, 25.8 mmol) were added to a 250 ml round bottom flask with football stirrer and drying tube. The reaction mixture was stirred vigorously (rate of stirring determines rate of heterogenous reaction).
• EXAMPLE 13 3-Fluoro-4-morpholinobenzoic acid (14).
• a 500 ml 3-neck rd bottom flask fitted with mechanical stirrer was charged with 3,4-difluorobenzoic (15.8 g, 100 mmol) and morpholine (70 g, 70 ml, 800 mmol).
• the clear solution was heated at reflux with stirring for 30 hours.
• the heating source was removed from the reaction mixture that contained a few crystals on the side of the flask and was acidified (pH 1 to pH 2) with 6 N hydrochloric acid with rapid stirring.
• the product started to precipitate as the pH drops below 6.
• the precipitate was collected by filtration and washed thoroughly with warm (50 °C) water (500 ml) and dried at 110 °C under house vacuum.
• the product was recrystallized by dissolving in refluxing ethanol (500 ml) and concentrated to 200 ml with stirring. Crystals stated to form in the refluxing solution when the volume had been reduced to ca. 400 ml.
• the crystals were cooled to room temp with stirring, cooled in an ice bath for 1 hour with stirring, collected by filtration and dried in vacuo (House vac at 80 °C) (17.1 g, 76%).
• EXAMPLE 14 3-Fluoro-4-morpholinobenzoic acid (14). Alternative method. This compound was alternatively prepared following the literature procedure of Fujisaki et al. (Heterocycles 2008, 75, 1681-1694), using DMSO as solvent. However, a lower yield is obtained with this method.
• EXAMPLE 15 3-Fluoro-4-morpholinobenzoic acid (14).
• Alternative method A 15 ml ACE Glass crew cap thick walled vessel with magnetic stirring bar was charged with morpholine (5 ml, 28.5 mmol), sulfolane (5 ml) and 3,4-difluorobenzoic acid (1.12 g, 7.1 mmol). The vessel was sealed with the screw cap and heated with stirring at 170 to 175 °C (oil bath temperature) for 3 hours. The vessel was cooled in an ice bath. NMR (DMSO-de) of the precipitate formed from a small aliquot of the acidified reaction indicated complete conversion to (14). The reaction was diluted with an equal volume of water and acidified to ca.
• EXAMPLE 16 Scale-up of the synthesis of 3-fluoro-4-morpholinobenzoic acid (14).
• a 2 L 3-neck round bottom flask fitted with mechanical stirrer and reflux condenser was charged with morpholine (700 g, 700 ml, 8 mol) and to the stirring solution was added 3,4-difluorobenzoic acid (158 g, 1 mol) (AmplaChem, Inc).
• the clear solution was heated at reflux and after 29 hours a ca.
• the precipitate was collected by filtration and washed thoroughly with hot (80 °C) water (2 L) to ensure the removal of morpholine hydrochloride (that appears as two triplets just above the morpholine peaks for (14) in the NMR)
• the white precipitate was dried at 110 °C under house vacuum and recrystallized by dissolving in ethanol (4.5 L) and concentration to 1.5 L with stirring. Crystals started to form in the refluxing solution when the volume had been reduced to ca. 3.5 L.
• the crystals were cooled to room temp with stirring, cooled in an ice bath for 1 hour with stirring, collected by filtration and dried in vacuo at 80 °C (172.5g, 77%).
• 1H NMR spectrum identical with that for the product described in the previous paragraph.
• EXAMPLE 17 3-Fluoro-4-morpholinobenzoyl azide (15).
• Thionyl chloride method 3-Fluoro-4-morpholinobenzoic acid (14) (16.2 gm, 72 mmol) and methylene chloride (180 ml) were added to a 500 ml rd bottom flask with football stirrer and reflux condenser.
• Thionyl chloride (15.8 ml, 216 mmol) and dry DMF (0.7 ml) were added to the flask. The mixture was heated at a gentle reflux and within a few minutes a light yellow solution formed and gas evolution subsided. The reaction was heated at reflux for 45 minutes.
• the solid was dissolved in acetone (200 ml) at room temp and the solution was cooled in an ice bath with stirring.
• a solution of sodium azide (27 g, 415 mmol) in water (100 ml) was added as a slow stream to the rapidly stirring reaction solution.
• a white granular precipitate formed in the reaction mixture by the time all of the sodium azide solution had been added.
• the ice bath was removed and replaced with a room temp water bath. After 45 minutes the granular precipitate had dissolved and the two phase reaction solution was rapidly stirred an additional 45 minutes.
• the reaction was diluted with methylene chloride (150 ml) and the lower colorless organic layer was separated from the upper light orange aqueous layer.
• aqueous layer was extracted with additional methylene chloride (75 ml) and the combined organic layers were washed with ice cold 10% aq. sodium carbonate, water (100 ml) and dried over sodium sulfate overnight. The drying agent was removed by filtration and the colorless solution was evaporated to dryness in vacuo (bath temp 35°C) forming a white crystalline solid.
• EXAMPLE 18 3-Fluoro-4-morpholinobenzoyl azide (15). Phosphorus pentachloride method. 3-Fluoro-4-morpholinobenzoic acid (14) (2.25 gm, 10 mmol), methylene chloride (25 ml) and phosphorus pentachloride (2.19 gm, 10.5 mmol) were added to a 100 ml round bottom flask with football stirrer and reflux condenser. The reflux condenser was fitted with a T-tube on top that had a line connected to a nitrogen tank for a slight positive nitrogen inflow and a line connected to a drying tube that led to a gas scrubber to trap hydrogen chloride gas.
• the lower layer was extracted with methylene chloride (25 ml) and the lower layer was discarded.
• the methylene chloride extract was added to the upper layer plus an additional 25 ml of methylene chloride.
• the light lemon yellow solution was extracted with ice cold 10% aq. sodium carbonate (2 x 10 ml), water (25 ml) and dried (Na 2 S0 4 ) over night. The drying agent was removed by filtration and the lemon yellow solution was evaporated to dryness in vacuo (bath temp 35°C) to a light yellow crystalline solid.
• EXAMPLE 19 3-Fluoro-4-morpholinobenzoyl azide (15).
• This compound may be prepared from (14) in a one pot reaction utilizing POCI 3 in DMF (Vilsmeier complex) and NaN 3 following the literature procedure of Sridhar et al. (Syn. Comm. 2003, 33, 607-611).
• the magnesium bromide etherate went into solution and the resulting golden yellow reaction was heated at reflux for 45 minutes, cooled in an ice bath and seeded, resulting in the formation of yellow crystals.
• the reaction mixture was cooled to -15 °C overnight and the yellow crystals were collected by filtration and washed with cold (-15 °C) toluene (2 x 15 ml) and air dried. Recrystallization from toluene (10 ml) (removing small amount of insoluble material by gravity filtration) provided 0.7 gm of yellow crystals (56 %).
• the 1H NMR spectrum was identical with spectra of compound (17) from previous runs that were recrystallized from toluene, as described above.
• the crystals were allowed to cool to ambient temperature and after 30 minutes cooled in an ice bath.
• the white crystals of 9 were collected by filtration and dried in vacuo at room temp (1.1 g, 65%) homogenous by TLC (CH 2 Cl 2 :MeOH 9: 1) and LCMS (Method B) 5.71 min m/e 338.
• the lemon yellow aqueous layer was washed with additional methylene chloride (200 ml) and the methylene chloride was discarded.
• Methylene chloride (425 ml) was added to the aqueous layer and the two phase solution was transferred to a 2 L Erlenmeyer flask, cooled in an ice bath and neutralized to ca. pH 7 with ice cold 6 N NaOH (ca. 45 ml) while stirring the reaction in the ice bath.
• the reaction changed in color from yellow to colorless and a white precipitate formed.
• the ice bath was removed from the reaction flask and acetic anhydride (72 ml, 720 mmol) was added all at once to the rapidly stirring mixture.
• the mixture was vigorously stirred at room temp for 1 hour yielding a light yellow clear 2-layer solution.
• the solution was cooled in an ice bath and made basic (ca. pH 9) with 6 N sodium hydroxide.
• the lower organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with additional methylene chloride (3 x 100 ml).
• the combined organic layers were dried (MgS0 4 ) and evaporated (bath temp 25 °C) to a volume of ca. 400 ml.
• the lemon yellow aqueous layer was washed with additional methylene chloride (250 ml) and the methylene chloride was discarded.
• Methylene chloride (500 ml) was added to the aqueous layer and the two phase solution was transferred to a 2 L Erlenmeyer flask, cooled in an ice bath and neutralized to ca. pH 7 with ice cold 6 N NaOH (ca. 50 ml) while stirring the reaction in an ice bath.
• the reaction changed in color from yellow to colorless and a white precipitate formed that went back into solution with continued strirring.
• the ice bath was removed from the reaction flask and acetic anhydride (72 ml, 720 mmol) was added all at once to the rapidly stirring solution.
• the mixture was stirred at room temp for 15 minutes, cooled in an ice bath and made basic (ca. pH 9) with 6 N sodium hydroxide (ca. 350 ml).
• the lower organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with additional methylene chloride (3 x 150 ml).
• the combined organic layers were dried (MgS0 4 ) and evaporated (bath temp 25 °C) to a volume of ca. 400 ml.
• the light yellow solution was slowly added to a stirring refluxing solution of ethyl acetate (800 ml) and refluxed down to a volume of 800 ml.
• reaction solution was diluted with methylene chloride (150ml) and brine (125 ml).
• the organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer extracted with additional methylene chloride (50 ml).
• the combined organic layers were washed with brine (75 ml), dried (MgS0 4 ) and evaporated to dryness yielding a colorless oil that was crystalized from hexane (9.0 g, 72%).
• GCMS Retention time 10.03 min (m/e 232).
• reaction solution was diluted with methylene chloride (100 ml) and brine (75 ml). The organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer extracted with additional methylene chloride (25 ml). The combined organic layer was washed with brine (50 ml), dried (MgS0 4 ) and evaporated to a white crystalline solid. (In previous runs initially isolated as an oil that was seeded).
• reaction solution was diluted with methylene chloride (1 L) and brine (700 ml). The organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer extracted with additional methylene chloride (250 ml). The combined organic layer was washed with brine (500 ml), dried (MgS0 4 ) and evaporated to a white crystalline solid. (Note: In previous smaller runs initially isolated as an oil that was seeded).
• the reaction mixture containing a white precipitate, was warmed in a 50 °C water bath and a stream of nitrogen was blown into the reaction mixture with stirring until the solvent was removed.
• the white precipitate was treated with ethyl acetate (20 ml) and the mixture was heated to reflux and an equal volume of refluxing hexane was added.
• the crystalline mixture was cooled in an ice bath and the white solid was collected by filtration and washed with cold ethyl acetate:hexane (1: 1) (6.5 gm, 79 %). Recrystallized by dissolving in refluxing ethyl acetate (175 ml) and refluxed down to a volume of 75 ml with stirring.
• the crystals were collected by filtration and washed with cold water (2 x 25 ml). The crystals were air dried a few minutes on a Buchner funnel and were converted to the hydrochloride salt by dissolving in ethanol (700 ml) containing 10 N ethanolic HC1 (10 ml), refluxing down to 200 ml yielding a mass of white crystals. The crystals were cooled in an ice bath, collected by filtration and washed with cold ethanol (12.0 gm, 89.5%) after drying in the vacuum oven at 50 °C. LCMS: Retention time 4.69 min (100%) m/e 296 (MH + ), 613 ([2M+Na] + ).
• EXAMPLE 36 Recrystallization of linezolid (9) from ethyl acetate and hexane.
• Linezolid was recrystallized using a procedure similar to the one described by Brickner, S. J., et al, J. Med. Chem., 1996, 39, 673-679.
• linezolid (1.05 g) was dissolved in refluxing ethyl acetate (utilizing a boiling stick) (25 ml) (required this amount of solvent to obtain a homogeneous clear colorless solution) and refluxing hexane (12 ml) was added all at once yielding a clear gently boiling solution. Within 30 seconds shiny white crystals started to form in the refluxing solution.

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