WO2011121634A1 - 空気調和装置 - Google Patents
空気調和装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2011121634A1 WO2011121634A1 PCT/JP2010/002269 JP2010002269W WO2011121634A1 WO 2011121634 A1 WO2011121634 A1 WO 2011121634A1 JP 2010002269 W JP2010002269 W JP 2010002269W WO 2011121634 A1 WO2011121634 A1 WO 2011121634A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- refrigerant
- compressor
- air conditioner
- flow rate
- speed
- Prior art date
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B31/00—Compressor arrangements
- F25B31/002—Lubrication
- F25B31/004—Lubrication oil recirculating arrangements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/002—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant
- F25B9/008—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant the refrigerant being carbon dioxide
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
- F25B2309/06—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the refrigerant being carbon dioxide
- F25B2309/061—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the refrigerant being carbon dioxide with cycle highest pressure above the supercritical pressure
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
- F25B2500/16—Lubrication
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2600/00—Control issues
- F25B2600/02—Compressor control
- F25B2600/025—Compressor control by controlling speed
- F25B2600/0253—Compressor control by controlling speed with variable speed
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2600/00—Control issues
- F25B2600/25—Control of valves
- F25B2600/2513—Expansion valves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2600/00—Control issues
- F25B2600/25—Control of valves
- F25B2600/2519—On-off valves
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
- Y02B30/70—Efficient control or regulation technologies, e.g. for control of refrigerant flow, motor or heating
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an oil return process when refrigerating machine oil discharged from a compressor stays in a radiator in an air conditioner that becomes a transition critical cycle.
- a refrigerating machine oil having compatibility easily dissolved in a liquid refrigerant has been used.
- it is typical for building air conditioning applications where the refrigeration cycle is complicated and large, and there is an advantage that the refrigeration oil is less likely to stay where the liquid refrigerant is present in the cycle.
- highly viscous refrigerating machine oil is required for machine elements such as compressors.
- High-viscosity refrigeration oil has low solubility in the refrigerant and tends to stay in the refrigeration cycle.
- the conventional air conditioner is intended for refrigerating machine oil staying in the indoor heat exchanger, and does not consider refrigerating machine oil staying in the outdoor heat exchanger.
- the oil-returning technology mainly for the location where the refrigerant is in the superheated gas state in the two-phase refrigerant-refrigerant oil system or liquid refrigerant-refrigerant oil system cannot be applied.
- oil return technology in supercritical refrigerant-refrigerant oil systems in radiators, high-pressure pipes, and high-pressure vessels are examples of oil return technology in supercritical refrigerant-refrigerant oil systems in radiators, high-pressure pipes, and high-pressure vessels.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and is capable of returning the refrigeration oil staying on the supercritical side of the transition critical cycle to the compressor, thereby improving the reliability of the air conditioner. Is what you get.
- An air conditioner according to the present invention is a refrigerant circuit for a refrigeration cycle to which a compressor, a radiator, an expansion mechanism, and an evaporator are connected, a refrigerant that becomes a transition critical cycle, and compatibility with the refrigerant
- An air conditioner using a small amount of refrigerating machine oil having a flow rate adjusting mechanism provided in the refrigerant circuit, and a flow rate controlling means for controlling the flow rate adjusting mechanism, wherein the refrigerant speed on the outlet side of the radiator is a predetermined value.
- the flow rate control means increases the refrigerant speed on the outlet side of the radiator, and performs the oil return operation for returning the refrigeration oil discharged from the compressor to the compressor for at least a predetermined time.
- the refrigerant speed on the outlet side of the radiator is smaller than a predetermined threshold
- the refrigerant speed on the outlet side of the radiator is increased by the flow rate control means and discharged from the compressor for at least a predetermined time.
- Refrigeration operation to return the refrigeration oil to the compressor For this reason, the refrigeration oil discharged from the compressor is appropriately returned to the compressor, and the reliability of the air conditioner is improved.
- FIG. 5A It is a Baker diagram showing a flow mode. It is a flowchart which shows control of the control apparatus in heating operation. It is a flowchart following FIG. 7A.
- FIG. 1 is a refrigerant circuit diagram of an air-conditioning apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- Embodiment 1 of the present invention will be described below.
- 1 is an outdoor unit
- 10p and 10q are indoor units
- 15 is a gas main pipe connected to the outdoor unit
- 13p and 13q are gas branch pipes connected to the indoor units 10p and 10q
- 14 is a gas main pipe 15
- 7 is a liquid main pipe connected to the outdoor unit
- 9p and 9q are liquid branch pipes connected to the indoor units 10p and 10q
- 8 is a liquid main pipe 7 and a liquid branch pipe. It is a branch point with 9p and 9q.
- the outdoor unit 1 there are an oil separator 17 and a flow path switching four-way valve 3 on the discharge side of the compressor 2.
- 4a, 4b, and 4c are heat exchanger paths having different heat transfer areas, and constitute the outdoor heat exchanger 4 as a whole.
- 5 is a supercooling heat exchanger
- 6 is an outdoor expansion mechanism, and is connected to the liquid main pipe 7 in order.
- the suction side of the compressor 2 is connected in order to the accumulator 16, the four-way valve 3, and the gas main pipe 15.
- Reference numeral 18 denotes an oil return bypass in which one side is connected to the lower inner side of the oil separator 17 and the other side is connected to the suction side piping of the compressor 2.
- Reference numeral 22 denotes a supercooling bypass that branches from between the supercooling heat exchanger 5 and the liquid main pipe 7 and joins the piping connecting the accumulator 16 and the four-way valve 3.
- a supercooling adjustment valve 21 and a supercooling heat exchanger 5 are connected to the supercooling bypass 22.
- 16 a is a U-shaped tube in the accumulator 16 connected to the suction side of the compressor 2, and 16 b, 16 c, and 16 d are oil return holes of the accumulator 16.
- Reference numeral 40a denotes a control device for the outdoor unit 1.
- 11p and 11q are indoor expansion mechanisms, and 12p and 12q are indoor heat exchangers, from the gas branch pipes 9p and 9q connected to the indoor units 10p and 10q to the liquid branch pipes 13p and 13q. Are connected in order.
- Reference numerals 40p and 40q denote control devices for the indoor units 10p and 10q, respectively.
- the compressor 2 has an inverter circuit, and is a type in which the number of revolutions is controlled by conversion of the power supply frequency by the inverter circuit and capacity control is possible.
- the outdoor expansion mechanism 6, the supercooling adjustment valve 21, and the indoor expansion mechanisms 11p and 11q are, for example, electronic expansion valves whose opening degrees can be controlled variably.
- the control device 40a controls the outdoor expansion mechanism 6 and the supercooling adjustment valve 21, and the control devices 40p and 40q control the indoor expansion mechanisms 11p and 11q.
- the pressure sensor in the outdoor unit 1 is provided between the discharge side of the compressor 2, 31b is the suction side of the compressor 2, and 31c is provided between the outdoor expansion mechanism 6 and the indoor expansion mechanisms 11p and 11q, respectively. Measure the pressure at the installation location.
- the temperature sensor in the outdoor unit 1 includes 32a between the compressor 2 and the oil separator 17, 32b between the compressor 2 and the accumulator 16, 32c between the outdoor heat exchanger 4 and the four-way valve 3, and 32d an outdoor heat exchange.
- 32e is between the subcooling heat exchanger 5, the subcooling heat exchanger 5, the outdoor expansion mechanism 6, and the subcooling adjustment valve 21, and 32j is the subcooling heat exchanger 5, the accumulator 16, and the four-way valve 3
- the temperature of each installation place is measured.
- the temperature sensor 32k measures the ambient temperature of the outdoor unit 1.
- 32f and 32g are between the indoor heat exchangers 12p and 12q and the indoor expansion mechanisms 11p and 11q
- 32h and 32i are the indoor heat exchangers 12p and 12q and the gas branch pipes 13p and 13q. The temperature at each installation location is measured.
- the outdoor unit 1 and the indoor units 10p and 10q are provided with the control devices 40a, 40p, and 40q configured by, for example, a microcomputer.
- These control devices are based on the measurement information from the pressure sensor 31 and the temperature sensor 32 and the operation content (load request) instructed by the user of the air conditioner, and the operation frequency of the compressor 2, the flow of the four-way valve 3 It controls the path switching, the heat exchange amount of the outdoor heat exchanger 4, the opening of the outdoor expansion mechanism 6, the opening of the supercooling adjustment valve 21, the opening of the indoor expansion mechanisms 11p, 11q, and the like.
- these control apparatuses shall be able to transmit / receive the communication containing various data etc., for example.
- control device 40a, 40p, 40q will be described as the control device 40 when referring to the entire control device.
- the control device 40a is installed in the outdoor unit 1 and the control devices 40p and 40q are installed separately in the indoor units 10p and 10q, but they may be installed in one place. Further, each device may be controlled by one device.
- the internal configuration for executing the function of the control device 40 will be described later.
- the refrigerant has a transition critical cycle, and is, for example, carbon dioxide, which is a natural refrigerant.
- carbon dioxide which is a natural refrigerant.
- Conventional fluorocarbon refrigerants are not used in the supercritical state in the refrigeration cycle, and are only in the gas phase, liquid phase, and gas-liquid two phases. “Saturation temperature”, “supercooling degree”, and “superheat degree” are widely used as operation states and control targets in the refrigeration cycle.
- carbon dioxide can be in a supercritical state in addition to a gas phase, a liquid phase, and a gas-liquid two phase.
- the names “gas” main pipe, “supercooled” heat exchanger, etc. do not indicate the refrigerant state, but naturally include the supercritical state.
- the four-way valve 3 is connected in the direction of the solid line in FIG. Further, the outdoor expansion mechanism 6 is set to a fully open state or a state close to full open, and the supercooling adjustment valve 21 and the indoor expansion mechanisms 11p and 11q are set to appropriate opening degrees.
- the refrigerant flow in this case is as follows.
- the high-pressure and high-temperature refrigerant gas discharged from the compressor 2 is separated from the refrigerating machine oil mixed in the refrigerant when passing through the oil separator 17 and is collected at the inner bottom, and passes through the oil return bypass 18 from the compressor. 2 inhalation side.
- the refrigerating machine oil which exists in the accumulator 16 from the oil separator 17 can be reduced, and there exists an effect of compressor reliability improvement.
- One of the flows branched out of the supercooling heat exchanger 5 is moderately adjusted in flow rate by the supercooling control valve 21 to become a low-pressure refrigerant, and heat is generated in the supercooling heat exchanger 5 and the refrigerant exiting the outdoor heat exchanger 4.
- the refrigerant exiting the outdoor heat exchanger 4 exits the supercooling heat exchanger 5, it becomes a refrigerant having a high pressure and a lower temperature.
- One low-pressure refrigerant exiting the supercooling heat exchanger 5 reaches a pipe connecting the accumulator 16 and the four-way valve 3.
- the difference in enthalpy increases in the case of the same capacity, so that the required refrigerant flow rate can be reduced and there is an effect of performance improvement by reducing pressure loss.
- the high pressure and the low pressure represent the relative relationship of the pressure in the refrigerant circuit (the same applies to the temperature).
- the high-pressure refrigerant that has exited the supercooling heat exchanger 5 passes through the outdoor expansion mechanism 6 but is supplied to the liquid pipe 7 as a high-pressure and low-frequency refrigerant without being greatly depressurized due to full opening. Thereafter, it branches at the branch point 8 of the liquid main pipe 7, passes through the liquid branch pipes 9p and 9q, enters the indoor units 10p and 10q, and is reduced in pressure by the indoor expansion mechanisms 11p and 11q to become a low-pressure and low-dryness two-phase refrigerant. .
- the liquid refrigerant When the two-phase refrigerant flows into the accumulator 16, the liquid refrigerant accumulates in the lower part thereof, and the gas-rich refrigerant that has flowed from the upper opening of the U-shaped tube 16a is sucked into the compressor 2. Until the transient liquid or two-phase refrigerant is accumulated in the accumulator 16 and overflows, the liquid back of the compressor 2 can be temporarily prevented, and the compressor reliability can be improved.
- the refrigerating machine oil that could not be separated by the oil separator 17 circulates in the refrigerant circuit and accumulates in the accumulator 16 while taking a long time.
- the refrigerating machine oil There are three types of operation of the refrigerating machine oil depending on the state in the accumulator 16. The first is a case where there is no liquid refrigerant. When a certain amount of refrigerating machine oil is accumulated, the oil is returned to the compressor 2 through the oil return hole 16b of the U-shaped tube located at the lowermost position from the upper opening of the U-shaped tube 16a. Oil is returned.
- the second is a case where liquid refrigerant exists in the accumulator 16 and the refrigerator oil density is higher than the liquid refrigerant density. In this case, since the refrigerating machine oil does not dissolve in the refrigerant but accumulates below the liquid refrigerant in the accumulator 16, this is the same as the first one.
- the third is a case where liquid refrigerant is present in the accumulator 16 and the refrigerating machine oil density is lower than the liquid refrigerant density.
- the refrigerating machine oil is not dissolved in the refrigerant but accumulated above the liquid refrigerant. In this case, the refrigerating machine oil is returned to the compressor 2 through the oil return holes 16b, 16c, and 16d according to the liquid level in the accumulator 16.
- the amount of accumulated oil in the accumulator 16 can be reduced by supplying the refrigerating machine oil to the compressor 2, thereby improving the reliability of the compressor and reducing the amount of oil contained in the refrigerating machine oil. Effects such as cost improvement can be obtained.
- the liquid refrigerant staying under the accumulator 16 or dissolved in the refrigerating machine oil is sucked into the compressor 2 through the oil return holes 16b, 16c, 16d, and the liquid refrigerant is excessively sucked into the compressor, the compressor breaks down. The reliability of the compressor is lost due to such factors.
- the accumulator has a function that allows the refrigerant to return only the refrigerating machine oil so that the refrigerant has an appropriate suction dryness to the compressor. Can be made.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the configuration and operation of the control device 40 in the cooling operation.
- the indoor heat exchangers 12p and 12q serve as an evaporator. Therefore, an evaporation temperature (a two-phase refrigerant temperature of the evaporator) is set so that a predetermined heat exchange capability is exhibited, and this evaporation temperature is realized.
- the low pressure value to be set is set as the low pressure target value.
- the compressor control means 41 performs the rotational speed control (operation capacity control) of the compressor 2 by the inverter.
- the operating capacity of the compressor 2 is controlled so that the low pressure value measured by the pressure sensor 32b becomes a predetermined target value, for example, a pressure corresponding to a saturation temperature of 10 ° C.
- a predetermined target value for example, a pressure corresponding to a saturation temperature of 10 ° C.
- the condensing temperature (“pseudo” saturation temperature consisting of the radiator pressure) also changes due to the rotational speed control, but a certain range is set as the “pseudo” condensing temperature to ensure performance and reliability.
- the pressure value that achieves the condensation temperature is set as the high pressure target value.
- the rotational speed of the fan and the pump flow rate for conveying air and water as heat transfer media The pressure measured by the pressure sensors 31a and 31b is controlled to be within the target range by the compressor control means 41 and the outdoor heat exchange amount control means 42.
- the heat transfer area of the outdoor heat exchanger 4 is adjusted by using the paths 4a, 4b, and 4c by opening and closing the heat exchanger on / off valves 23 (23a, 23b, and 23c).
- the indoor superheat degree control means 43 calculates the indoor expansion mechanisms 11p and 11q by (temperature of the temperature sensor 32h) ⁇ (temperature of the temperature sensor 32f) and (temperature of the temperature sensor 32i ⁇ temperature of the temperature sensor 32g).
- the opening degree is controlled so that the outlet superheat degree of the indoor heat exchangers 12p and 12q becomes a target value.
- a predetermined target value for example, 2 ° C. is used.
- the outdoor expansion mechanism 6 is opened by the outdoor expansion control means 45 in advance. For example, fully open or close to full open.
- the supercooling adjustment valve 21 is calculated by the supercooling heat exchanger superheat degree control means 44 by (temperature of the temperature sensor 32j) ⁇ (saturation temperature converted from the pressure measured by the pressure sensor 31b).
- the opening degree is controlled so that the low-pressure side outlet superheat degree target value of the cooling heat exchanger 5 is obtained. For example, 2 ° C. is used as the target value, and heat exchange that meets the specifications of the supercooling heat exchanger 5 can be realized.
- the flow rate control means 46 controls the capacity of the compressor 2 and the heat exchange amount of the outdoor heat exchanger 4 in order to adjust the refrigerant flow rate (or refrigerant flow rate) of the radiator.
- the compressor control means 41, the outdoor heat exchange amount control means 42, the supercooling heat exchanger superheat degree control means 44, the outdoor expansion control means 45, and the flow rate control means 46 are connected to the control device 40a in the outdoor unit 1.
- the indoor superheat degree control means 43 is provided in the control devices 40p and 40q in the indoor units 10p and 10q.
- the four-way valve 3 is connected in the direction of the broken line in FIG.
- the opening degree of the outdoor expansion mechanism 6 is set in advance so that an appropriate differential pressure is generated before and after the outdoor expansion mechanism 6.
- the supercooling adjustment valve 21 is fully closed, and the indoor expansion mechanisms 11p and 11q are set to appropriate opening degrees.
- the refrigerant flow in this case is as follows.
- the high-pressure and high-temperature refrigerant gas discharged from the compressor 2 flows into the gas main pipe 15 through the oil separator 17 and the four-way valve 3.
- the oil separator 17 performs the same operation as described in the cooling operation.
- the refrigerant supplied to the indoor units 10p and 10q through the gas main pipe 15 dissipates heat in the indoor heat exchangers 12p and 12q in the indoor units 10p and 10q to become high pressure and low temperature, and is depressurized by the expansion valves 11p and 11q. Thus, it becomes a liquid phase or a two-phase refrigerant close to saturation.
- the intermediate-pressure refrigerant passes through the liquid main pipe 7 and then flows into the outdoor unit 1, but passes through the outdoor expansion mechanism 6 and enters a low-pressure two-phase state.
- the refrigerant in the low-pressure two-phase state passes through the supercooling heat exchanger 5, evaporates in the outdoor heat exchanger 4, becomes low-pressure low-temperature refrigerant, and is sucked into the compressor 2 through the accumulator 16.
- the accumulator 16 performs the same operation as described in the cooling operation.
- the supercooling adjustment valve 21 is fully closed and has no flow, and the supercooling heat exchanger 5 does not exchange heat. If there is a flow in the supercooling regulating valve 21, heat exchange is performed, and the performance is reduced accordingly.
- FIG. 3 shows the configuration and operation of the control device 40 in the heating operation.
- the indoor heat exchangers 12p and 12q serve as radiators, so that a “pseudo” condensation temperature is set so that a predetermined heat exchange amount is exhibited, and a high pressure value that realizes this “pseudo” condensation temperature. Is set as the high pressure target value.
- the compressor control means 41 controls the rotational speed of the compressor 2 by an inverter.
- the operating capacity of the compressor 2 is controlled so that the high pressure value measured by the pressure sensor 31a becomes a predetermined target value, for example, a pressure corresponding to a “pseudo” saturation temperature of 50 ° C.
- the evaporating temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger 4 is changed by the rotational speed control, but a certain range is set for ensuring capability and reliability, and a low pressure value for realizing this evaporating temperature is set as a low pressure target value.
- the compressor control means 41 and the outdoor heat exchange amount control means 42 the number of rotations of the fan and the pump flow rate for conveying the air and water as the heat transfer medium are set to the heat exchange amount of the outdoor heat exchanger 4 and the indoor heat exchanger.
- the low pressure value measured by the pressure sensor 31b is controlled to be within the target range based on a state predetermined from the heat exchange amounts of 12p and 12q.
- the indoor supercooling degree control means 47 causes the indoor expansion mechanisms 11p, 11q to (the “pseudo” saturation temperature converted from the pressure measured by the pressure sensor 31a) ⁇ (the temperature of the temperature sensor 32f), (the pressure sensor 31a). Open so that the outlet subcooling degree of the indoor heat exchangers 12p and 12q calculated by the "pseudo" saturation temperature converted from the pressure measured in step-(temperature of the temperature sensor 32g) becomes the target value (temperature). Control the degree. As this target value, a predetermined target value, for example, 10 ° C. is used. Further, the supercooling adjustment valve 21 is controlled by being fixed at an initial opening determined in advance by the supercooling heat exchanger superheat degree control means 44, for example, an opening that is fully closed or nearly fully closed.
- the outdoor expansion mechanism 6 has (pressure measured by the pressure sensor 31c) (pressure value that realizes a "pseudo" condensation saturation temperature) and (("pseudo" saturation temperature)-(indoor heat exchanger outlet supercooling).
- the degree of opening is controlled by the outdoor expansion control means 45 so that the enthalpy determined by the target value) is equal to the pressure at which the enthalpy determined by the CO2 saturation enthalpy matches.
- the flow rate control means 46 controls the capacity of the compressor 2 and the indoor expansion mechanisms 11p and 11q in order to adjust the refrigerant flow rate (or refrigerant flow rate) of the radiator.
- the compressor control means 41, the outdoor heat exchange amount control means 42, the supercooling heat exchanger superheat degree control means 44, the outdoor expansion control means 45, and the flow rate control means 46 are provided in the control device 40a in the outdoor unit 1.
- the indoor supercooling degree control means 47 is provided in the control devices 40p and 40q in the indoor units 10p and 10q.
- the refrigerant in the liquid main pipe 7 and the liquid branch pipes 9p and 9q is low-pressure two-phase, and the amount of surplus refrigerant increases. Since the density of the refrigerant in the liquid main pipe 7 and the liquid branch pipes 9p and 9q is large, the amount of excess refrigerant is suppressed by adjusting the opening degree of the outdoor expansion mechanism 6. Furthermore, if the opening degree of the outdoor expansion mechanism 6 is appropriately adjusted during the cooling operation, the liquid refrigerant in the liquid main pipe 7 and the liquid branch pipes 9p and 9q during the cooling operation is reduced, so that excess refrigerant during the heating operation can be suppressed.
- the volume in the heat exchanger is larger in the outdoor heat exchanger 4 than in the indoor heat exchangers 12p and 12q, and the volume difference when used as a radiator becomes a surplus refrigerant during heating.
- the accumulator volume is obtained by multiplying the sum of the surplus refrigerant in the heat exchanger and the surplus refrigerant in the liquid main pipe 7 and the liquid branch pipes 9p and 9q by the safety factor.
- a large total of air conditioner accumulators affects cost and compactness.
- the supercooling heat exchanger 5 is used for cooling and is not used for heating. This is to reduce the pressure loss of the low-pressure side circuit during cooling. Unlike CFC-based refrigerants, CO2 with a large heat transfer capability has a small pressure loss, so it seems that there is no necessity to provide the supercooling heat exchanger 5. However, if the heat dissipation performance of the indoor heat exchangers 12p and 12q is designed mainly to improve the heat transfer performance during heating, the number of passes will be small, and the pressure loss during cooling may be greater than that of chlorofluorocarbon refrigerants. In addition, the supercooling heat exchanger 5 is effective for achieving both cooling and heating performance.
- the partial load during cooling operation will be described.
- the indoor load is small, the number of indoor units operated is reduced accordingly, and there are indoor units that stop.
- the indoor unit 10p stops the opening degree of the indoor expansion mechanism 11p becomes 0, and the refrigerant circulation amount is 0.
- the indoor heat exchanger 12p is a low-pressure gas, and the refrigerant does not stagnate even when it is stopped. Since the refrigerant circulation amount is 0, the refrigerating machine oil flowing together with the refrigerant does not stay and the compressor reliability is ensured.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the relationship between the outdoor heat exchange amount, the fan wind speed, and the heat transfer area.
- the fan wind speed is first reduced. When the fan wind speed reaches a certain lower limit, the heat transfer area is reduced in order to further reduce the outdoor heat exchange amount. If the heat exchanger on / off valves 23a, 23b, and 23c are all open, first the 23a is closed and the fan wind speed is increased. The fan wind speed at this time is smaller than the maximum wind speed when all the heat exchanger on / off valves are open. This is because the amount of outdoor heat exchange is continuously changed when the heat exchanger valve is switched. Further, when the outdoor heat exchange amount is reduced, the fan wind speed is reduced. When the fan wind speed reaches a certain lower limit, the heat transfer area is reduced in order to further reduce the outdoor heat exchange amount. The heat exchanger on / off valve 23b is closed and the fan wind speed is increased.
- the partial load during heating operation will be described.
- the indoor load is small, the number of indoor units operated is reduced accordingly, and there are indoor units that stop.
- the opening degree of the indoor expansion mechanism 11p is slightly opened, and the refrigerant circulation amount is minute. This is because, when the opening of the indoor expansion mechanism 11p is fully closed, the refrigerant in the indoor heat exchanger 10p is eventually cooled to become a low-temperature high-density refrigerant, and the amount of refrigerant in the stopped indoor unit increases. This is to suppress the deterioration of the control stability due to the collapse of the required refrigerant amount.
- the refrigerant circulation amount is minute, the refrigerating machine oil tends to stay.
- the operation of the control device at the time of this decrease is the same as that for cooling. As described above, since the control is performed, the air conditioner can follow both the cooling operation and the heating operation even if the indoor load varies.
- FIG. 5A and FIG. 5B are flowcharts showing an example of control by the control device 40 during the cooling operation, and this operation will be described.
- step S0 the compressor 2 and the like are activated and the cooling operation by the air conditioner is started.
- step S1 each control means constituting the control device 40 sets a fixed value by initial setting according to the initial state detection of each sensor.
- step S2 it is determined whether or not a predetermined time (for example, 5 minutes, 10 minutes, etc.) has elapsed after the start of operation of the air conditioner.
- step S4 it is determined whether a predetermined time (for example, 5 minutes, 10 minutes, etc.) has elapsed.
- the other control means is executed at every time interval (for example, 1 minute) at which each specific control command is issued, whereas the flow rate control means 46 is sufficiently larger than that (for example, 5 minutes).
- the flow control means 46 is determined to be executed. This is to prevent the occurrence of hunting and stabilize the control.
- step S5 the refrigerant
- the compressor control means 41 and the outdoor heat exchange amount control means 42 have a high pressure target value and a low pressure target value, and calculate the refrigerant circulation amount from the low pressure target value based on the detected value of the temperature sensor 32b and the compressor frequency. . Then, the radiator outlet density is calculated from the high pressure target value and the detected value of the temperature sensor 32d.
- the outlet side of the outdoor heat exchanger 4 The average refrigerant speed can be calculated. If the calculated value is greater than or equal to the predetermined threshold value in step S6, the oil will not stay, and the process returns to step S3. However, if partial load operation is performed due to environmental conditions such as load-side requirements and outside air temperature, the refrigerant speed decreases, and if the calculated value becomes smaller than the threshold value, the process proceeds to step S7.
- step S7 the current open / close state of the heat exchanger on / off valves 23a, 23b, 23c, the fan wind speed of the outdoor heat exchanger 4, and the frequency of the compressor 2 are stored. If it is in state A (heat exchanger on / off valve 23a: closed, 23b: closed, 23c: open), the process proceeds to step S10. Since there is no on-off valve to be closed here, the frequency of the compressor 2 is increased in order to increase the flow rate.
- step S11 the refrigerant speed after the speed increase is calculated by the method shown in step S5. If the calculated value is larger than a predetermined second threshold value in step S12, the process proceeds to step S40. If it is below a 2nd threshold value by step S12, it will return to step S10.
- step S8 If it is in state B (heat exchanger valve 23a: closed, 23b: open, 23c: open) in step S8, the process proceeds to step S20.
- step S20 the on-off valve 23c is closed, and the fan wind speed is increased to compensate for the decrease in the heat transfer area of the outdoor heat exchanger 4 by the path 4c.
- step S21 the refrigerant speed is calculated by the method shown in step S5. If the calculated value is larger than a predetermined second threshold value in step S22, the process proceeds to step S40. If it is less than or equal to the second threshold, the process proceeds to step S23.
- step S23 the frequency of the compressor 2 is increased, the refrigerant speed is calculated in step S24, and if the calculated value is larger than the second threshold value in step S25, the process proceeds to step S40. If it is below a 2nd threshold value by step S25, it will return to step S23.
- step S8 If it is in state C (heat exchanger valve 23a: open, 23b: open, 23c: open) in step S8, the process proceeds to step 30. If the heat exchanger on / off valve 23c is closed in step S30, the heat transfer area of the outdoor heat exchanger 4 is reduced by the path 4c, so that the fan wind speed is increased to compensate for this. In step S31, the refrigerant speed is calculated. If the calculated value is larger than the second threshold value in step S32, the process proceeds to step S40. On the other hand, if it is equal to or less than the second threshold value, the on-off valve 23b is closed in step S33, and the decrease in the heat transfer area of the outdoor heat exchanger 4 by the path 4b is compensated by increasing the fan wind speed.
- step S34 the refrigerant speed is calculated in step S34, and if the calculated value is larger than the second threshold value in step S35, the process proceeds to step S40. If it is below the second threshold, the frequency of the compressor 2 is increased in step S36. Then, the refrigerant speed is calculated in step S37, and if the calculated value is larger than the second threshold value in step S38, the process proceeds to step S40, and if it is less, the process returns to step S36.
- step S40 If the predetermined time predetermined in step S40 has elapsed, the process proceeds to step S41.
- step S41 the state stored in step S7 is restored, and the process returns to step S3.
- a design value is set empirically as the threshold value of the refrigerant speed.
- the threshold value of the refrigerant speed is set by using the gas refrigerant physical property and the refrigerator oil physical property in the air-water system flat rate method.
- the difference in density between the supercritical low-temperature refrigerant and the refrigerating machine oil is small, and if the physical properties are substituted into the flatting speed equation, the result does not stay.
- the amount of accumulated oil increases at a refrigerant speed that is equal to or greater than the value obtained by substituting the physical properties of the refrigeration oil and refrigerant into the flatting speed equation (for example, 0.2 [m / s]).
- the flow pattern changes.
- FIG. 6 is a Baker diagram showing a flow pattern, and there is a knowledge that the amount of retained oil increases when the flow changes from an annular flow to a laminar flow (stratified flow in FIG. 6).
- the Baker diagram is also an air-water two-phase flow mode, but it is known that the behavior is the same when the low-viscosity refrigerant is replaced with “air” and the high-viscosity refrigeration oil is replaced with “water”.
- coolant flow velocity can be calculated
- the approximate typical use condition of the CO2 refrigerant is between 0.4 [m / s] and 0.6 [m / s].
- the threshold value of the speed of the CO 2 refrigerant in the present embodiment is set between 0.3 [m / s] and 0.7 [m / s].
- the second threshold value is determined by returning the refrigeration oil staying within a specific time, and is larger than the threshold value. For example, 1.5 times the threshold value is the second threshold value.
- step S100 the compressor 2 and the like are activated and the heating operation by the air conditioner is started.
- step S101 each control unit constituting the control device 40 sets a fixed value by initial setting according to the initial state detection of each sensor.
- step S102 it is determined whether a predetermined time (for example, 5 minutes, 10 minutes, etc.) has elapsed after the start of operation of the air conditioner.
- step S104 the start / stop state of the indoor unit is determined. This is because the behavior in the indoor heat exchanger is different between operation and stop. Especially when the indoor unit is stopped, there are many erroneous detections of the temperature sensor, and it is necessary to change the calculation method.
- the refrigerant speed is calculated in the same manner as in the cooling operation in step S105. If the calculated value is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold value in step S106, the refrigerating machine oil does not stay, and the process returns to step S103. If the calculated value is smaller than the threshold value in step S106, the frequencies of the indoor expansion mechanisms 11p and 11q and the compressor 2 are stored in step S110.
- step S112 the openings of the indoor expansion mechanisms 11p and 11q are increased to increase the refrigerant circulation amount. Then, the refrigerant speed is calculated in step S113, and if the calculated value is larger than a predetermined second threshold value in step S114, the process proceeds to step S117. If the calculated value is equal to or smaller than the second threshold value, the opening degree of the indoor expansion mechanism is determined in step S115, and if the opening degree is not the maximum, the process returns to step S112. If the opening is the maximum, the frequency of the compressor 2 is increased in step S116, and the process proceeds to step S117.
- step S117 If the predetermined time has passed in step S117, the state is returned to the state stored in step S110 in step S118, and the process returns to step S103.
- step S104 When the indoor unit is stopped in step S104, the same operation as described above is performed. However, in FIG. 7B, a part of the flow is omitted.
- step S132 corresponding to step S112, the indoor expansion mechanisms 11p and 11q are increased and the frequency of the compressor 2 is increased. Furthermore, the indoor unit 10q is also controlled according to the indoor unit 10p. Note that the steps of S111 and S131 in FIG. 7B may be omitted, and the above description has been made assuming that they are not provided. Since the air conditioner according to the present embodiment has the above-described configuration, a large amount of refrigerating machine oil is not retained in the radiator in any operating condition, and the reliability of the apparatus is appropriately ensured. can do.
- the air conditioning apparatus using the direct refrigerant cooling system has been described.
- the present invention can be applied to an apparatus that performs air conditioning indirectly using a carrier medium such as a chiller.
- a carrier medium such as a chiller.
- the cooling / heating switching system in which all of the indoor units are either cooling or heating has been described, even if the cooling / heating simultaneous system is used, the same effect can be obtained if the heat exchanger is a radiator.
- power recovery may be performed by an expansion mechanism to improve performance.
- the average refrigerant speed is calculated as the calculated value.
- the refrigerant speed for the corresponding path is calculated. May be. As a result, the determination is based on the staying path, so that the reliability is improved.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)
Abstract
Description
しかし近年の二酸化炭素といった自然冷媒化の傾向により、圧縮機などの機械要素に対しては、高粘度の冷凍機油が必要とされる。高粘度の冷凍機油は冷媒に対する溶解性が低く、冷凍サイクル内に滞留しやすい。熱交換器に滞留すれば伝熱性能が低下し、熱交換器、配管、あるいは容器に滞留すれば圧縮機内部の油量が低下し、信頼性が損なわれる。
これに対応して、圧縮機が低周波数で運転していると、室内熱交換器を放熱器となるようにし、周波数を増加させ油戻し運転を行うものがある。(例えば、特許文献1参照。)
さらに遷移臨界サイクルとなるため、フロン系冷媒での二相冷媒-冷凍機油系や液冷媒-冷凍機油系での、冷媒が過熱ガス状態である箇所を主体とした返油技術が適用できず、放熱器、高圧配管、高圧容器における超臨界冷媒-冷凍機油系での返油技術についての考察がない。
図1はこの発明の実施の形態1における空気調和装置の冷媒回路図を示すものである。以下、この発明の実施の形態1について説明する。
図1において、1は室外機、10p、10qは室内機、15は室外機1に接続されるガス主管、13p、13qは室内機10p、10qに接続されるガス枝管、14はガス主管15とガス枝管13p、13qとの分岐点、7は室外機1に接続される液主管、9p、9qは室内機10p、10qに接続される液枝管、8は液主管7と液枝管9p、9qとの分岐点である。
22は、過冷却熱交換器5と液主管7との間より分岐し、アキュームレータ16と四方弁3を繋ぐ配管へ合流する過冷却バイパスである。この過冷却バイパス22に、過冷却調整弁21、過冷却熱交換器5が接続されている。16aは圧縮機2の吸入側に接続されるアキュームレータ16にあるU字管であり、16b、16c、16dはアキュームレータ16の返油穴である。また、40aは室外機1の制御装置である。
室外機1における温度センサは、32aが圧縮機2とオイルセパレータ17の間、32bが圧縮機2とアキュームレータ16の間、32cは室外熱交換器4と四方弁3の間、32dは室外熱交換器4と過冷却熱交換器5の間、32eは過冷却熱交換器5と室外膨張機構6と過冷却調整弁21との間、32jは過冷却熱交換器5とアキュームレータ16と四方弁3との間にそれぞれ設けられていて、それぞれの設置場所の温度を計測する。また温度センサ32kは室外機1の周囲温度を計測する。
なお以下では、各制御装置40a、40p、40qの制御装置全体を指す場合は制御装置40として説明する。ここでは制御装置40aを室外機1に、制御装置40p、40qを室内機10p、10qに分けて設置しているが、一箇所にまとめて設置してもよい。また1つの装置で各装置の制御を行うようにしてもよい。制御装置40の機能を実行する内部構成については後述する。
従来のフロン系冷媒は、冷凍サイクルにおいて超臨界状態は使われず、気相・液相・気液二相のみである。冷凍サイクルでの動作状態や制御目標として、“飽和温度”、“過冷却度”、“過熱度”が広く用いられる。
これに対して二酸化炭素は気相・液相・気液二相の他に超臨界の状態になりうる。“ガス”主管、“過冷却”熱交換器などの名称は、冷媒状態を示すものではなく、超臨界状態も当然含まれる。ここで従来のフロン系冷媒で広く用いられる“飽和温度”、“過冷却度”、“過熱度”の概念を、超臨界状態でも類似解釈することを考える。
“過冷却”という概念は臨界圧力以上では含まれないが、臨界圧力以上の圧力値における“擬似”飽和温度を、 (“擬似”飽和温度)=(圧力値と臨界エンタルピとなる温度) で定義することにより、 (“擬似”過冷却度)=(“擬似”飽和温度)-(温度) とすることで定義できる。以降では、“擬似”飽和温度や“擬似”過冷却度を、臨界圧力以下の飽和温度や過冷却度と同じ扱いをする。なお、(“擬似”飽和温度)=(圧力値における定圧比熱が極大値となるときの温度)、(“擬似”過冷却度)=(“擬似”飽和温度)-(温度) と定義してもよい。このようにすることで、従来のフロン系冷媒での蒸気圧縮サイクルと同様の制御手法を流用することができ、設計負荷を減少させることができ、信頼性を確保することができる。
これにより同一能力の場合エンタルピ差が増大するため必要冷媒流量を低減でき、圧損低減による性能改善の効果がある。さらには、室外機から出て室内機を経由して再度室外機に戻る経路の冷凍機油を低減でき、圧縮機信頼性改善の効果がある。
なお、ここでいう高圧、低圧は冷媒回路内における圧力の相対的な関係を表すものとする(温度についても同様である)。
またオイルセパレータ17で分離出来なかった冷凍機油は、冷媒回路を長い時間を要しながらも循環してアキュームレータ16内に溜まる。
また室外膨張機構6は室外膨張制御手段45によって予め定められた初期開度、例えば全開または全開に近い開度に制御される。また過冷却調整弁21は、過冷却熱交換器過熱度制御手段44によって、(温度センサ32jの温度)-(圧力センサ31bで計測される圧力から換算される飽和温度)、で演算される過冷却熱交換器5の低圧側出口過熱度目標値となるように開度制御される。この目標値として例えば2℃が用いられ、過冷却熱交換器5の仕様に見合った熱交換が実現できる。
さらに、流量制御手段46は、放熱器の冷媒流量(又は冷媒流速)を調節するために、圧縮機2の容量と室外熱交換器4の熱交換量を制御する。
ここで、圧縮機制御手段41、室外熱交換量制御手段42、過冷却熱交換器過熱度制御手段44、室外膨張制御手段45、および流量制御手段46は、室外機1にある制御装置40aに備えられ、室内過熱度制御手段43は室内機10p,10qにある制御装置40p、40qに備えられている。
さらに、流量制御手段46は、放熱器の冷媒流量(又は冷媒流速)を調節するために、圧縮機2の容量と室内膨張機構11p,11qを制御する。
なお、圧縮機制御手段41、室外熱交換量制御手段42、過冷却熱交換器過熱度制御手段44、室外膨張制御手段45、および流量制御手段46は、室外機1にある制御装置40aに備えられ、室内過冷却度制御手段47は室内機10p、10qにある制御装置40p、40qに備えられる。
室内機の一部が停止するに応じて蒸発温度を一定に保つため、圧縮機周波数は減少する。室内熱交換量と圧縮機入力が減少するので、(室外熱交換量)=(室内熱交換量)+(圧縮機入力)が成立するために室外熱交換量が低下する。
ただし、冷媒循環量が微小であるために、冷凍機油が滞留しやすい。かといって冷媒循環量を増加させれば、負荷に応じて室内機を停止したことにはならないので、負荷調整のためにも、冷媒流量は微小としている。冷凍機油の滞留に対しては、後述の返油運転により圧縮機信頼性を確保する。
以上のように、制御するので冷房運転と暖房運転ともに、室内負荷が変動しても空気調和装置が追従できることができる。
次にステップS2で、空気調和装置の運転開始後、予め定めた所定時間(例えば5分、10分等)が経過したかどうかを判断する。
ステップS6で演算値が予め定めた閾値以上であれば油が滞留することはないので、ステップS3に戻る。しかし負荷側要求や外気温度などの環境条件により部分負荷運転となると、冷媒速度が低下し、演算値が閾値より小さくなるとステップS7に進む。
以上のように放熱器出口の冷媒速度を利用して制御することにより、制御安定性を保ちながら冷凍機油を滞留させないようにすることができる。
しかし可視化実験などを通じて、フラッティング速度式に冷凍機油と冷媒の物性を代入して得られた値(例えば0.2[m/s])以上の冷媒速度で滞留油量が増加し、その際に流動様式が変化する結果が得られている。
また第2の閾値は、ある特定の時間内に滞留した冷凍機油を戻すことより定まっており、上記閾値よりも大きく、例えば、上記閾値の1.5倍が第2の閾値である。
まず、ステップS100で、圧縮機2等が起動して空気調和装置による暖房運転が開始される。ステップS101で、制御装置40を構成する各制御手段は、各センサの初期状態検知に応じた初期設定による固定値を設定する。
次にステップS102で、空気調和装置の運転開始後、予め定めた所定時間(例えば5分、10分等)が経過したかどうかを判断する。
室内機が運転中では、ステップS105で冷房運転時と同様にして冷媒速度を演算する。ステップS106でその演算値が予め定めた閾値以上であれば、冷凍機油が滞留することがないので、ステップS103に戻る。ステップS106で演算値が閾値より小さければ、ステップS110で室内膨張機構11p,11qと圧縮機2の周波数を記憶する。
ステップS117で一定時間が経過すればステップS118でステップS110にて記憶した状態に戻し、ステップS103へ戻る。
ステップS104で室内機が停止の場合も上記とほぼ同様の操作を行う。ただし、図7Bではフローの一部を省略している。なお、ここでは、ステップS112に対応するステップS132において、室内膨張機構11p、11qを増加させると共に圧縮機2の周波数を増加させている。
さらに、室内機10qも室内機10pに準じて制御される。
なお、図7B中におけるS111とS131のステップは省いても良く、上記の説明においては、それらがないものとして説明した。
本実施の形態の空気調和装置は以上のような構成をしているので、どのような運転状況においても放熱器内に多くの冷凍機油を滞留させることがなくなり、装置の信頼性を適切に確保することができる。
また本実施例では演算値として、平均的な冷媒速度を演算したが、パスバランスが悪い放熱器で予め最悪となる冷媒速度を把握していれば、該当のパスを対象とした冷媒速度を演算してもよい。それにより滞留するパスで判断するため、信頼性が向上する。
Claims (9)
- 圧縮機と、放熱器と、膨張機構と、蒸発器が接続された冷凍サイクル用の冷媒回路に、遷移臨界サイクルとなる冷媒と、前記冷媒に対して相溶性の小さな冷凍機油とを用いる空気調和装置において、
前記冷媒回路に設けられた流量調整機構と、前記流量調整機構を制御する流量制御手段を有し、
前記放熱器の出口側の冷媒速度が所定の閾値より小さい場合、前記流量制御手段により前記放熱器の出口側の冷媒速度を増加させて、少なくとも所定時間、前記圧縮機から吐出された冷凍機油を前記圧縮機へ戻す返油運転を行うことを特徴とする空気調和装置。 - 前記冷媒速度が、層状流と環状流の境界より定まることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の空気調和装置。
- 前記放熱器が複数あり、前記放熱器毎に前記冷媒速度を判断し、各放熱器毎に返油運転を実行することを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の空気調和装置。
- 前記放熱器が複数のパスを有し、前記冷媒速度が、前記パス毎の冷媒速度のいずれか一つ、あるいは平均値であることを特徴とする請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の空気調和装置。
- 前記膨張機構が前記流量調整機構の機能を備え、前記流量制御手段が前記膨張機構の開度を変化させることを特徴とする請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の空気調和装置。
- 前記放熱器が複数のパスを有し、返油運転の条件となる前記冷媒速度が、前記パス毎の冷媒速度のいずれか一つ、あるいは平均値であり、
前記放熱器の入口に複数の開閉弁を設け、前記膨張機構が前記流量調整機構の機能を備え、前記圧縮機の出口から前記蒸発器の入口までの複数の経路を有し、ある放熱器出口側の冷媒速度がある閾値より小さい場合は、冷媒速度が前記閾値以上の他のいくつかの放熱器に対応する開閉弁を閉とすることを特徴とする請求項1、2または4に記載の空気調和装置。 - 前記圧縮機が周波数変更による容量制御可能なものであり、前記流量制御手段が前記圧縮機の周波数を変化させることを特徴とする請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の空気調和装置。
- 前記冷媒が二酸化炭素であることを特徴とする請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載の空気調和装置。
- 前記閾値が0.3[m/s]から0.7[m/s]までの間であることを特徴とする請求項8に記載の空気調和装置
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US13/635,152 US9163864B2 (en) | 2010-03-29 | 2010-03-29 | Air-conditioning apparatus with oil return in a transcritical cycle |
CN201080065842.5A CN102844631B (zh) | 2010-03-29 | 2010-03-29 | 空调装置 |
EP10848817.2A EP2554926B1 (en) | 2010-03-29 | 2010-03-29 | Air conditioning apparatus |
ES10848817T ES2747998T3 (es) | 2010-03-29 | 2010-03-29 | Aparato de acondicionamiento de aire |
PCT/JP2010/002269 WO2011121634A1 (ja) | 2010-03-29 | 2010-03-29 | 空気調和装置 |
JP2012507886A JP5709844B2 (ja) | 2010-03-29 | 2010-03-29 | 空気調和装置 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2010/002269 WO2011121634A1 (ja) | 2010-03-29 | 2010-03-29 | 空気調和装置 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2011121634A1 true WO2011121634A1 (ja) | 2011-10-06 |
Family
ID=44711432
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2010/002269 WO2011121634A1 (ja) | 2010-03-29 | 2010-03-29 | 空気調和装置 |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9163864B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2554926B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5709844B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN102844631B (ja) |
ES (1) | ES2747998T3 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2011121634A1 (ja) |
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103162469A (zh) * | 2011-12-19 | 2013-06-19 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | 空调器的回油控制方法、装置及空调器 |
CN103791645A (zh) * | 2012-10-29 | 2014-05-14 | 日立空调·家用电器株式会社 | 制冷循环装置 |
JP2014214912A (ja) * | 2013-04-23 | 2014-11-17 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 冷凍サイクル装置 |
WO2015162679A1 (ja) * | 2014-04-21 | 2015-10-29 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 冷凍サイクル装置 |
JP2019158249A (ja) * | 2018-03-14 | 2019-09-19 | アイシン精機株式会社 | ガスエンジン駆動式空気調和装置 |
WO2021024407A1 (ja) * | 2019-08-07 | 2021-02-11 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 冷凍サイクル装置 |
JPWO2020217379A1 (ja) * | 2019-04-25 | 2021-10-21 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 冷凍サイクル装置 |
WO2024047900A1 (ja) * | 2022-09-01 | 2024-03-07 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 制御装置、冷凍機、凝縮器ユニットの制御方法、及びプログラム |
WO2024111432A1 (ja) * | 2022-11-25 | 2024-05-30 | 株式会社富士通ゼネラル | 空気調和装置 |
Families Citing this family (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102901189B (zh) * | 2012-09-29 | 2014-12-24 | 四川长虹电器股份有限公司 | 一种空调系统、控制系统及空调控制方法 |
JP2014163548A (ja) * | 2013-02-22 | 2014-09-08 | Fujitsu General Ltd | 空気調和装置 |
JP6533366B2 (ja) * | 2013-03-15 | 2019-06-19 | ダイキン アプライド アメリカズ インコーポレィティッド | 冷凍装置および冷凍機の制御装置 |
JP6396662B2 (ja) * | 2013-03-15 | 2018-09-26 | ダイキン アプライド アメリカズ インコーポレィティッド | 冷凍装置および冷凍機の制御装置 |
JP6028817B2 (ja) * | 2015-01-30 | 2016-11-24 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | 空気調和装置 |
JP6028816B2 (ja) * | 2015-01-30 | 2016-11-24 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | 空気調和装置 |
JP2018059666A (ja) * | 2016-10-05 | 2018-04-12 | 三菱重工サーマルシステムズ株式会社 | 制御装置、冷媒回路システム及び制御方法 |
JP6828790B1 (ja) * | 2019-10-31 | 2021-02-10 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | 冷凍装置 |
WO2022215242A1 (ja) * | 2021-04-09 | 2022-10-13 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 室外機および空気調和装置 |
US11874033B2 (en) * | 2021-09-07 | 2024-01-16 | Hill Phoenix, Inc. | Increasing a flow rate of oil into a compressor of a refrigeration assembly |
CN115264782B (zh) * | 2022-08-01 | 2024-09-13 | 宁波奥克斯电气股份有限公司 | 空调回油控制方法、装置、多联机空调、存储介质 |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2003106690A (ja) * | 2001-09-28 | 2003-04-09 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 冷媒回路の運転制御装置 |
JP2004101143A (ja) * | 2002-09-12 | 2004-04-02 | Denso Corp | 蒸気圧縮式冷凍機 |
JP2008107060A (ja) | 2006-10-27 | 2008-05-08 | Daikin Ind Ltd | 空気調和装置 |
JP2008190790A (ja) * | 2007-02-05 | 2008-08-21 | Daikin Ind Ltd | 冷凍装置 |
JP2008209105A (ja) * | 2007-02-02 | 2008-09-11 | Daikin Ind Ltd | 空気調和装置 |
WO2009040889A1 (ja) * | 2007-09-26 | 2009-04-02 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | 空気調和装置 |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
TW354153U (en) * | 1993-04-27 | 1999-03-01 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Refrigerant circulating system |
DE69530823T2 (de) * | 1994-06-29 | 2003-12-04 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Ölausgleichsregelung in klimaanlage |
JP3327197B2 (ja) * | 1997-08-19 | 2002-09-24 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 冷凍空調装置 |
US6651451B2 (en) * | 2002-04-23 | 2003-11-25 | Vai Holdings, Llc | Variable capacity refrigeration system with a single-frequency compressor |
US8387406B2 (en) * | 2008-09-12 | 2013-03-05 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Refrigerant system oil accumulation removal |
-
2010
- 2010-03-29 WO PCT/JP2010/002269 patent/WO2011121634A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2010-03-29 ES ES10848817T patent/ES2747998T3/es active Active
- 2010-03-29 EP EP10848817.2A patent/EP2554926B1/en active Active
- 2010-03-29 CN CN201080065842.5A patent/CN102844631B/zh active Active
- 2010-03-29 JP JP2012507886A patent/JP5709844B2/ja active Active
- 2010-03-29 US US13/635,152 patent/US9163864B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2003106690A (ja) * | 2001-09-28 | 2003-04-09 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 冷媒回路の運転制御装置 |
JP2004101143A (ja) * | 2002-09-12 | 2004-04-02 | Denso Corp | 蒸気圧縮式冷凍機 |
JP2008107060A (ja) | 2006-10-27 | 2008-05-08 | Daikin Ind Ltd | 空気調和装置 |
JP2008209105A (ja) * | 2007-02-02 | 2008-09-11 | Daikin Ind Ltd | 空気調和装置 |
JP2008190790A (ja) * | 2007-02-05 | 2008-08-21 | Daikin Ind Ltd | 冷凍装置 |
WO2009040889A1 (ja) * | 2007-09-26 | 2009-04-02 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | 空気調和装置 |
Cited By (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103162469A (zh) * | 2011-12-19 | 2013-06-19 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | 空调器的回油控制方法、装置及空调器 |
CN103791645A (zh) * | 2012-10-29 | 2014-05-14 | 日立空调·家用电器株式会社 | 制冷循环装置 |
CN103791645B (zh) * | 2012-10-29 | 2016-01-06 | 日立空调·家用电器株式会社 | 制冷循环装置 |
JP2014214912A (ja) * | 2013-04-23 | 2014-11-17 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 冷凍サイクル装置 |
WO2015162679A1 (ja) * | 2014-04-21 | 2015-10-29 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 冷凍サイクル装置 |
JPWO2015162679A1 (ja) * | 2014-04-21 | 2017-04-13 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 冷凍サイクル装置 |
US9964343B2 (en) | 2014-04-21 | 2018-05-08 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Refrigeration cycle apparatus |
JP7007960B2 (ja) | 2018-03-14 | 2022-01-25 | 株式会社アイシン | ガスエンジン駆動式空気調和装置 |
JP2019158249A (ja) * | 2018-03-14 | 2019-09-19 | アイシン精機株式会社 | ガスエンジン駆動式空気調和装置 |
JP7101875B2 (ja) | 2019-04-25 | 2022-07-15 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 冷凍サイクル装置 |
JPWO2020217379A1 (ja) * | 2019-04-25 | 2021-10-21 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 冷凍サイクル装置 |
JPWO2021024407A1 (ja) * | 2019-08-07 | 2021-02-11 | ||
WO2021024407A1 (ja) * | 2019-08-07 | 2021-02-11 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 冷凍サイクル装置 |
JP7154420B2 (ja) | 2019-08-07 | 2022-10-17 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 冷凍サイクル装置 |
WO2024047900A1 (ja) * | 2022-09-01 | 2024-03-07 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 制御装置、冷凍機、凝縮器ユニットの制御方法、及びプログラム |
WO2024111432A1 (ja) * | 2022-11-25 | 2024-05-30 | 株式会社富士通ゼネラル | 空気調和装置 |
JP7533557B2 (ja) | 2022-11-25 | 2024-08-14 | 株式会社富士通ゼネラル | 空気調和装置 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES2747998T3 (es) | 2020-03-12 |
EP2554926A4 (en) | 2013-12-18 |
US20130000339A1 (en) | 2013-01-03 |
EP2554926A1 (en) | 2013-02-06 |
CN102844631B (zh) | 2015-03-25 |
CN102844631A (zh) | 2012-12-26 |
EP2554926B1 (en) | 2019-09-04 |
US9163864B2 (en) | 2015-10-20 |
JP5709844B2 (ja) | 2015-04-30 |
JPWO2011121634A1 (ja) | 2013-07-04 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP5709844B2 (ja) | 空気調和装置 | |
KR100856991B1 (ko) | 냉동 공조장치, 냉동 공조장치의 운전 제어 방법, 냉동공조장치의 냉매량 제어 방법 | |
US9683768B2 (en) | Air-conditioning apparatus | |
EP3591315B1 (en) | Air-conditioning apparatus including a unit for increasing heating capacity | |
US9958171B2 (en) | Air-conditioning apparatus | |
JP4989511B2 (ja) | 空気調和装置 | |
JP4920432B2 (ja) | 空気調和システム | |
KR101153513B1 (ko) | 냉매시스템 및 그 제어방법 | |
JP2010002109A (ja) | 冷凍空調装置 | |
WO2006013861A1 (ja) | 冷凍装置 | |
US7171825B2 (en) | Refrigeration equipment | |
JP2006250479A (ja) | 空気調和機 | |
JP4550153B2 (ja) | ヒートポンプ装置及びヒートポンプ装置の室外機 | |
WO2015140994A1 (ja) | 熱源側ユニット及び空気調和装置 | |
JP6341326B2 (ja) | 冷凍装置の熱源ユニット | |
JP6448780B2 (ja) | 空気調和装置 | |
US7451615B2 (en) | Refrigeration device | |
JP4767340B2 (ja) | ヒートポンプ装置の制御装置 | |
JP2009243881A (ja) | ヒートポンプ装置及びヒートポンプ装置の室外機 | |
JP2019020090A (ja) | 冷凍装置 | |
CN102753908B (zh) | 空气调节装置 | |
JP2008175430A (ja) | 空気調和機 | |
JP2009293887A (ja) | 冷凍装置 | |
JP2010159967A (ja) | ヒートポンプ装置及びヒートポンプ装置の室外機 | |
JP2013053849A (ja) | ヒートポンプ装置及びヒートポンプ装置の室外機 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 201080065842.5 Country of ref document: CN |
|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 10848817 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2012507886 Country of ref document: JP |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 13635152 Country of ref document: US |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2010848817 Country of ref document: EP |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |