WO2011111786A1 - マグロ稚魚用配合飼料 - Google Patents
マグロ稚魚用配合飼料 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011111786A1 WO2011111786A1 PCT/JP2011/055681 JP2011055681W WO2011111786A1 WO 2011111786 A1 WO2011111786 A1 WO 2011111786A1 JP 2011055681 W JP2011055681 W JP 2011055681W WO 2011111786 A1 WO2011111786 A1 WO 2011111786A1
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- tuna
- gummy
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/60—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for weanlings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
- A23K20/147—Polymeric derivatives, e.g. peptides or proteins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a mixed feed suitable for fry such as bluefin tuna.
- bluefin tuna has been undergoing international regulations for catching natural fish from the viewpoint of reducing resources and protecting organisms.
- the catch limit for 2010 is 40% of the 2010 quota for fishing of Atlantic and Mediterranean tuna.
- the catch of bigeye bluefin tuna was reduced by 40% in three years from 2009, and southern bluefin tuna (southern bluefin tuna) was reduced by 20% in 2010 and 2011.
- southern bluefin tuna was reduced by 20% in 2010 and 2011.
- Patent Document 1 A few years ago, the Kinki University Fisheries Research Institute succeeded in complete aquaculture of bluefin tuna (Patent Document 1), but the supply system to meet the demand for domestic aquaculture tuna has not been completed. This is because the survival rate in the process from egg to Yokowa is less than a few percent, and the bluefin tuna larvae are fed with hatchling larvae such as red sea bream, and the bluefin tuna larvae are fed with shirasu such as silver anchovy. This is because feeding work, feeding cost, preservability of food, etc. are inefficient, and furthermore, there is a situation where mass production is difficult due to low survival rate. Therefore, it has been desired to develop a mixed feed for bluefin tuna fry that can increase the survival rate.
- bluefin tuna fry can be bred technically by feeding shirasu of silver eel anchovy or anchovy.
- shirasu of these fish species are not readily available due to large resource fluctuations, and those that do not mix with anything other than shirasu or those that are suitable for tuna larvae are expensive and have limited areas and periods. It is valuable.
- Shirasu acquisition route will change due to the influence of global warming and the price may rise significantly.
- Shirasu also has drawbacks such as a large variation in nutritional components, difficulty in correcting the nutritional value suitable for bluefin tuna larvae, and risk of disease infection from Shirasu.
- tuna fry breeding system will quickly break away from the dependence on the use of bait shirasu.
- tuna larvae that require a large amount of feed
- tuna larvae need to feed 4-7 times a day, but Shirasu is poorly preserved and is stored as a frozen block, so it must be fed after thawing. Feeding work is complicated.
- a solid feed containing a shell made of guar gum, gelatin, etc. and a fish feed has been proposed as a feed for fry of tuna fish other than natural feeds such as shirasu (Patent Document 2).
- it is intended for young tuna fish weighing about 300 g or more (about 80 to 90 days after hatching) and not for larvae with a total length of 25 cm or less from larvae just after hatching.
- feed for fry of tuna fish of about 20 days or more after hatching it contains defatted enzyme-treated fish meal, polar lipid animal oil or vegetable oil as a lipid source, and active starch as a carbohydrate source, and vitamin C A feed for tuna fish that has been formulated at 200 mg / kg or more has been proposed (Patent Document 3).
- Patent Document 3 since the bite of the fry is inferior to that of the natural feed as it is, it is necessary to add glutamic acid, stidine and inosinic acid monophosphate as intake promoting substances. Such additives are expensive as raw materials for fish feed.
- the present invention has repeated experiments to solve the above-mentioned problems, examined the preference of bluefin tuna larvae, and devised the texture regardless of the raw material of the mixed feed to newly add a blended feed preferred by bluefin tuna larvae It was developed.
- a mixed feed for tuna fry characterized by drying the mixed feed for tuna fry of (1) or (2).
- the present invention is intended for fish of the genus Tuna including bluefin tuna, which are generally 30 to 70 days after hatching or about 20 to 200 mm in total length.
- the “gummy texture” as used in the present invention means a breaking strength in the range of 10 to 200 g / mm, more preferably 40 to 60 g / mm. If the feed has such elasticity, the tuna larvae prefer it. When the breaking strength exceeds 200 g / mm, it is too hard, and the “gummy texture” referred to in the present invention is impaired, and the feeding property is lowered. When the breaking strength is less than 10 g / mm, the shape retention is deteriorated. Causes contamination. In the case of the dried mixed feed of the present invention, if the surface is within the range of the breaking strength of the present invention within 1 minute after being immersed in water, the tuna larvae are preferably ingested as in the case of the undried.
- the breaking strength of the dried feed is desirably in the range of 300 to 900 g / mm. Those higher than this range do not return well when put in water, and the feed sinks before the tuna feeds, which is wasted, and conversely, those that are lower tend to be clogged by the automatic feeder.
- the feed of the present invention dried so as to be within this range, water penetrates into the inside within a maximum of 5 minutes after being immersed in water at 20 ° C., and the breaking strength is in the range of 10 to 200 g / mm as before drying. It becomes.
- the “breaking strength” in the present invention is a numerical value obtained by “breaking stress / dent”.
- the breaking stress and the dent were measured by using a Sun Leo-Tex SD700 (manufactured by San Kagaku Co., Ltd.) as a measuring device, using a spherical plunger with a diameter of 5 mm at a plunger speed of 60 mm / min and a plunger load of 35 g. It has been done.
- the mixed feed of the present invention even if shirasu feeding such as eelfish is stopped and switched to mixed feed feeding, the amount of food intake is large, the decrease in growth rate is within an allowable range, and when stress due to transfer is given Became able to achieve a survival rate exceeding the mince feeding area.
- the main ingredient is fish meal, which is inexpensive and stable to obtain, can be refrigerated after molding, and can be easily added with additives such as nutritional enhancers during production.
- Gelatin (collagen), which has many advantages compared to it and is an additive that improves texture, is a digestible product because it is a protein, and has a socially established image of a health food. Since guar gum (water-soluble plant fiber) is also widely used as a food additive, there is an advantage that a special safety proof is not required because there is no need to add a new substance.
- Figure 1 shows the number of fat fish in each feed section in Experiment 3
- Figure 2 shows the body weight after 7 days in each feed group in Experiment 3
- Figure 3 shows the degree of obesity after 7 days in each feed group in Experiment 3
- Low-price gummy (guagum) feed A high-price raw material is removed from the raw material of the above-mentioned crumbled feed, and guar gum (10%) is added in place of gelatin to give a moist and moist texture (diameter 1 mm ⁇ , length 2-5 mm). It is easy to fuse at high temperatures (32 ° C or higher), and automatic feeders cannot be used in hot summer.
- Low-price gummy-like (dried) feed (4) Low-price gummy-like feed dried at room temperature (25 ° C.) where the air conditioner is operated for 6 hours. It is difficult to fuse at high temperatures, and automatic feeders can be used.
- Ikanago Shirasu The most common food for raising tuna fry. Has a track record of growth. Sold in frozen blocks and fed by hand after thawing. It is desirable to thaw and adjust each feeding because of poor storage. The automatic feeder cannot be used.
- the above feed was fed to juvenile tuna fish and their feeding activity was compared.
- the results are shown in Table 2.
- Feeding activity was evaluated based on the definition shown below the table. Although feeding of a commercially available mixed feed for marine fish (trade name: Otohime S2) was observed, it was observed that an individual in which feeding was observed was ejected even if it was put in the mouth. It can be determined that the dry crumbled feed is not swallowed and is swallowed. However, continuous feeding behavior was not observed. On the other hand, all of the gummy-like feeds were actively fed, and in particular, they took many rushing movements against the feed, and continuous feeding behavior was observed. Jumping due to excitement was also observed. However, in the frozen Ikanagoshirasu, the feeding behavior was more active, the jumping near the surface of the water was active, and continuous feeding behavior was observed while taking a pulsating motion.
- the dry crumble-like feed and the gummy-like feed have almost the same components and ratios, and differ only in the presence or absence of gelatin. Therefore, texture is considered to be a very important point for feeding tuna fry.
- the high-price raw material is removed from the low-priced gummy form from which the high-priced raw material (lactoferrin, astaxanthin, etc.) is removed.
- the feeding activity was also compared for those obtained by substituting gelatin in the low-price gummy-like raw material with guar gum, the feeding activity did not decrease at all even when the ingredients and components were changed.
- the feeding activity of bluefin tuna larvae it is considered that it is important that the feeds preferred by bluefin tuna larvae have a moist feeling by adding gelatin or guar gum, etc. Furthermore, the gummy-like (dried) feed is obtained by drying low-price gummy-like for 6 hours in a room (25 degrees) where the air conditioner is operated. Its texture is much like that of crumbled instant noodles, more like crumbled feed than gummy, but as soon as it is soaked in water, the surface becomes slightly slimy. This is thought to be due to the high hydrophilicity of gelatin (based on collagen).
- the gummy-like (dry) feed also showed the same feeding activity as the gummy-like feed.
- the gummy-like feed is a feed that does not reduce the feeding ability even if it is dried, and it can be fed by an automatic feeder (Note) that has been commonly used in other marine fish.
- an automatic feeder (Note) that has been commonly used in other marine fish. Let me. That is, the gummy shape is dried and the automatic feeding device is used, so that the conventional feeding operation can be greatly saved.
- feeding activity- Not ingestion ⁇ : Ingestion is allowed but vomiting +: Ingestion is observed but not active and not continuous ++: Continuous feeding but not active +++: +++ Swims slower than + but eats well continuously. Many rushing towards the bait and feeding behavior are observed. Jumping due to excitement is also observed. +++: Jumping actively near the surface of the water. Eat rushing and feeding
- none of the conventional feeds has the flexibility to greatly change the feed components without the feeding period or the habituation period according to the state of the fish farm and the environment (water temperature, sunshine, etc.).
- the gummy gum using guar gum showed the same feeding activity as the gummy gum.
- Bluefin tuna fry (total length: 45 mm) is housed in 6 terrestrial ginger (2 x 2 x 2 m), each with no feeding, and the other ginger is fed with Ikanago shirasu, dry crumble, and low-price gummy. . Seven days later, the experimental fish were taken and measured for body length, body weight, and obesity (100,000 ⁇ body weight (g) / body length (mm) cubed). In addition, dead fish were picked up and counted daily. Feeded every 2 hours between 7:00 and 19:00.
- the number of dead fish was the highest on the third day of any sacrifice (Fig. 1) and then decreased. Sacrifice fed low-priced gummy-shaped fishes had the least number of dead fish. This indicates that low-price gummy-like feeding has the effect of reducing mortality after transfer.
- the present invention makes it possible to efficiently produce bluefin tuna fry and improve the survival rate.
- bluefin tuna larvae are supplied to aquaculture farmers in a stable and large amount, contributing to the realization of complete bluefin tuna farming that does not depend on natural resources.
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Abstract
Description
そのため、生残率を高めることができるクロマグロ稚魚用配合飼料の開発が望まれていた。
しかし、そのままでは天然餌料と比べ稚魚の食いつきが劣るため、摂取促進物質としてグルタミン酸、スチジン、及びイノシン酸一リン酸を添加する必要があった。このような添加物は魚類飼料用原料としては高価である。
(1)ゲル化剤を添加しグミ状のテクスチャー、すなわち、表面がなめらかでつるりとし、水中ではすこしヌルヌルし、もちもちした弾力性がある状態としたことを特徴とする直径0.1~30.0mm、好ましくは0.5~10.0mmの範囲にあるマグロ稚魚用配合飼料。
(2)食品添加物として認可されているゲル化剤で例えばゼラチンまたはグアガムなどであることを特徴とする(1)のマグロ稚魚用配合飼料。
(3)(1)又は(2)のマグロ稚魚用配合飼料を乾燥させたことを特徴するマグロ稚魚用配合飼料。
破断強度が200g/mmを超えると硬すぎて、本発明でいう「グミ状のテクスチァー」が損なわれて摂餌性が低下し、破断強度が10g/mm未満では保形性が悪くなり、水質汚染の原因となる。
乾燥した本発明の配合飼料の場合は、水中に浸漬後、1分以内に表面が本件発明の破断強度の範囲内となれば、未乾燥のものと同様、マグロ幼魚が好んで摂取する。
本件発明の破断強度の範囲内の配合飼料を乾燥する場合、乾燥飼料の破断強度は、300~900g/mmの範囲内とすることが望ましい。この範囲よりも高いものは水に入れたときの戻りが悪く、マグロが摂餌する前に飼料が沈んでしまい無駄となり、逆に低いものは自動給餌器での詰まりが生じ易い。
また、この範囲内となるよう乾燥した本発明の飼料は、20℃の水に浸漬後最大5分以内に内部まで水が浸透し、乾燥前と同様、破断強度が10~200g/mmの範囲となる。
マグロ稚魚の摂餌活発性を調べるため、以下の飼料を用意し、10m生簀収容後2週間経過した全長80mmのマグロ稚魚、1200尾にこれらの飼料を給餌した。各々の飼料の組成は表1に示すとおりである。なお、生簀収容後2週間はイカナゴシラスのみで育成し、配合飼料は一切与えていない。
マダイやトラフグなど多くの魚種での使用実績がある。ビーズ(ペレットあるいはクランブル)状の乾燥飼料で自動給餌器の使用可。
(2)クランブル状飼料:原料コストを度外視して魚類用に考えられうる良原料を使用した乾燥クランブル状飼料(直径1mmφ、長さ2~3mm)で自動給餌器の使用可。
(3)グミ状飼料:上記クランブル状飼料の原料にゼラチンを加え、モチモチしたテクスチャーにしたもの(直径1mmφ、長さ2~5mm)。高温(32℃以上)で融合しやすく、真夏の炎天下では自動給餌器の使用不可。
(4)低価格グミ状飼料:上記クランブル状飼料の原料から高価格原料を除去しにゼラチンを加え、モチモチしたテクスチャーにしたもの(直径1mmφ、長さ2~5mm)。高温(32℃以上)で融合しやすく、真夏の炎天下では自動給餌器の使用不可。
(5)低価格グミ状(グアガム)飼料:上記クランブル状飼料の原料から高価格原料を除去し、ゼラチンに替えてグアガム(10%)を加え、モチモチしたテクスチャーにしたもの(直径1mmφ、長さ2~5mm)。高温(32℃以上)で融合しやすく、真夏の炎天下では自動給餌器の使用不可。
(6)低価格グミ状(乾燥)飼料:上記(4)低価格グミ状飼料をエアコンが運転された室温(25℃)で6時間乾燥させたもの。高温で融合しにくく自動給餌器の使用可。
(7)イカナゴシラス:マグロ稚魚の育成にもっとも一般的な餌。成長に実績がある。冷凍ブロックで販売され、解凍後手蒔きで給餌。保存性が悪く、給餌ごとに解凍・調整することが望ましい。自動給餌器の使用不可。
市販の海産魚用配合飼料(商品名:おとひめS2)の摂餌は認められるが、摂餌が観察された個体は、口に入れてもはき出すことが観察された。
ドライクランブル状飼料は、吐き出し行動が認められず、飲み込んでいると判断できる。しかし連続的な摂餌行動は認められなかった。
これに対し、グミ状飼料は何れも活発に摂餌し、特に餌に対して多数回の突進行動をとり、連続的な摂餌行動が認められた。興奮による飛び跳ねも観察された。
しかし、冷凍イカナゴシラスではさらに摂餌行動が活発で、水面付近での飛び跳ねが活発で、ピチャピチャさせながら突進行動をとりながらの連続的な摂餌行動が観察された。
したがって、テクスチャーがマグロ稚魚の摂餌にかなり重要なポイントであると考えられる。また、微量高価格原料(ラクトフェリン、アスタキサンチンなど)を除去した低価格グミ状でも同様の結果だったことから、グミ状飼料では微量高価格原料を除去しても同様の効果が期待できると結論される。さらに、低価格グミ状の原料中のゼラチンをグアガムに置換したものについても摂餌活発性を比較したが、摂餌活発性は成分や成分を変更してもまったく低下しなかった。
さらに、グミ状(乾燥)飼料は、低価格グミ状をエアコンが運転された部屋(25度)で6時間乾燥させたものである。そのテクスチャーはインスタントラーメンを砕いたものによく似ており、グミ状よりもクランブル状飼料に似ているが、水に浸すとすぐに表面は多少のぬめりが出てくる。これはゼラチン(コラーゲンを主成分とする)の高い親水性によると考えられる。
- :摂取しない
± :摂取は認められるが、吐き出す
+ :摂取は認められるが活発ではなく連続的ではない
++ :連続的に摂餌するが活発ではない
+++ :++++よりも泳ぐ速度は遅いが連続的によく食べる
餌に向かって突進して摂餌する行動が多く見られる
興奮による飛び跳ねも観察される
++++ :水面近くで飛び跳ねが活発でピチャピチャさせながら活発に連続的に食べる
突進して摂餌する行動の連続
次に育成に使用した飼料の蝟集性及び摂餌性に与える影響についての実験を行なった。
ドライクランブル区ではすべての飼料について蝟集性は認められたが、摂餌性ではイカナゴシラス以外を活発に摂餌した。
低価格グミ状区ではいずれの飼料にも蝟集性が認められ活発に摂餌した。
グミ状(乾燥)飼料は、グミ状飼料の代替品として使用可能であることをここでも示している。
クロマグロ稚魚(全長:45mm)を6基の陸上生け簀(2x2x2m)に200個体ずつ収容し、1基を無給餌とし、それ以外の生け簀にそれぞれ、イカナゴシラス、ドライクランブル、低価格グミ状を給餌した。7日後に実験魚をとりあげ、体長、体重、肥満度(100,000x体重(g)/体長(mm)の3乗)を測定した。また、死亡魚を毎日取り上げ計数した。7:00~19:00の間に2時間ごとに給餌した。
Claims (4)
- 食品添加物として認可されているゲル化剤を魚用飼料原料に添加しグミ状としたことを特徴とするふ化後おおむね20~70日又は全長20~200mm程度のマグロ稚魚用配合飼料。
- グミ状が、破断強度で10~200g/mmの範囲である請求項1記載のマグロ稚魚用配合飼料。
- ゲル化剤がゼラチンまたはグアガムであることを特徴とする請求項1または2記載のマグロ稚魚用配合飼料。
- 請求項3記載の飼料を乾燥させたことを特徴するマグロ稚魚用配合飼料。
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AU2011225157A AU2011225157B2 (en) | 2010-03-10 | 2011-03-10 | Tuna-hatchling formula feed |
ES201290068A ES2414556B1 (es) | 2010-03-10 | 2011-03-10 | Fórmula de alimentación de larvas de atún |
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JP2010053576 | 2010-03-10 | ||
JP2010-053576 | 2010-03-10 |
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AU (1) | AU2011225157B2 (ja) |
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JP6106795B2 (ja) * | 2015-08-07 | 2017-04-05 | 日本水産株式会社 | マグロ類養殖魚及びその用途 |
CN105360721A (zh) * | 2015-11-24 | 2016-03-02 | 广州聚注专利研发有限公司 | 一种金枪鱼专用饲料及其制备方法 |
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- 2011-03-10 ES ES201290068A patent/ES2414556B1/es not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-03-10 JP JP2011053451A patent/JP5594603B2/ja active Active
- 2011-03-10 WO PCT/JP2011/055681 patent/WO2011111786A1/ja active Application Filing
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JPH0889177A (ja) * | 1994-09-29 | 1996-04-09 | Nippon Suisan Kaisha Ltd | 魚類用有効成分投与ビーズ |
JPH11266797A (ja) * | 1998-03-19 | 1999-10-05 | Jifas Corporation:Kk | 飼料及びその製造方法 |
JP2008148659A (ja) * | 2006-12-20 | 2008-07-03 | Dai Ichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co Ltd | 養魚用エクスパンデットペレット飼料用粘結剤、養魚用エクスパンデットペレット飼料の製造方法、および養魚用エクスパンデットペレット飼料 |
JP2008220180A (ja) * | 2007-03-08 | 2008-09-25 | Univ Kinki | マグロ属魚類用人工配合飼料およびマグロ属魚類の飼育方法 |
Also Published As
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JP2011206052A (ja) | 2011-10-20 |
AU2011225157A1 (en) | 2012-10-11 |
ES2414556B1 (es) | 2014-10-22 |
ES2414556A1 (es) | 2013-07-19 |
AU2011225157B2 (en) | 2015-09-24 |
JP5594603B2 (ja) | 2014-09-24 |
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