WO2011099460A1 - 表面処理皮膜を有するアルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金材料及びその表面処理方法 - Google Patents
表面処理皮膜を有するアルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金材料及びその表面処理方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011099460A1 WO2011099460A1 PCT/JP2011/052572 JP2011052572W WO2011099460A1 WO 2011099460 A1 WO2011099460 A1 WO 2011099460A1 JP 2011052572 W JP2011052572 W JP 2011052572W WO 2011099460 A1 WO2011099460 A1 WO 2011099460A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B15/08—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
- B32B15/082—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin comprising vinyl resins; comprising acrylic resins
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/08—Anti-corrosive paints
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/14—Paints containing biocides, e.g. fungicides, insecticides or pesticides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
- C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
- C23C22/34—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing fluorides or complex fluorides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
- C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
- C23C22/40—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing molybdates, tungstates or vanadates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
- C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
- C23C22/40—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing molybdates, tungstates or vanadates
- C23C22/44—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing molybdates, tungstates or vanadates containing also fluorides or complex fluorides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
- C23G1/00—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts
- C23G1/02—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts with acid solutions
- C23G1/12—Light metals
- C23G1/125—Light metals aluminium
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
- F28F13/18—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by applying coatings, e.g. radiation-absorbing, radiation-reflecting; by surface treatment, e.g. polishing
- F28F13/182—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by applying coatings, e.g. radiation-absorbing, radiation-reflecting; by surface treatment, e.g. polishing especially adapted for evaporator or condenser surfaces
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F19/00—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers
- F28F19/02—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers by using coatings, e.g. vitreous or enamel coatings
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12535—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.] with additional, spatially distinct nonmetal component
- Y10T428/12556—Organic component
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12535—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.] with additional, spatially distinct nonmetal component
- Y10T428/12556—Organic component
- Y10T428/12569—Synthetic resin
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12535—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.] with additional, spatially distinct nonmetal component
- Y10T428/12611—Oxide-containing component
- Y10T428/12618—Plural oxides
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
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- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/1266—O, S, or organic compound in metal component
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
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- Y10T428/12736—Al-base component
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y10T428/12736—Al-base component
- Y10T428/12743—Next to refractory [Group IVB, VB, or VIB] metal-base component
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to an aluminum or aluminum alloy material having a surface treatment film and a surface treatment method thereof.
- the present invention relates to a heat exchanger that uses the aluminum or aluminum alloy material incorporated in an automobile or the like, and a surface treatment method thereof.
- heat exchangers in particular heat exchangers having fins made of aluminum or aluminum alloy, have a surface area of the heat radiating section and the cooling section in order to obtain excellent heat radiating efficiency or cooling efficiency in a limited space. It is designed to be as large as possible. For this reason, the distance between the fins is extremely narrow.
- moisture in the atmosphere may condense on the surface of the fin and adhere to the surface as water droplets. Such adhesion of water droplets causes clogging between the fins, increases ventilation resistance, and decreases heat exchange efficiency.
- the condensed water on the fin surface may induce corrosion of aluminum or aluminum alloy, and a large amount of white powdered aluminum oxide may be generated on the fin surface. Further, when the condensed water is exposed to a high temperature state while being held on the fin surface, a high temperature and high humidity atmosphere may be formed, and a white powdery aluminum oxide layer may be formed thickly on the fin surface.
- the white powder of aluminum oxide deposited on the fin surface is scattered in the automobile interior or the like by the blower of the heat exchanger, giving the user unpleasant feeling.
- the aluminum or aluminum alloy constituting the heat exchanger is provided with sufficient functions for maintaining hydrophilicity, high corrosion resistance, antibacterial properties, and deodorization properties over a long period of time.
- Patent Document 1 As a conventional technique for solving these problems, as in Patent Document 1, a chemical conversion layer is formed on the surface of an aluminum-containing metal substrate, and a water-soluble cross-linkability having a hydrophilic group such as a sulfonate group on the surface.
- a method has been proposed in which a resin layer having a water-insoluble three-dimensional network structure is formed by a crosslinking reaction between a polymer compound and a crosslinking agent, and a water-soluble polymer compound is retained in the network structure to prevent its elution. Yes.
- a resin film having excellent antibacterial and anti-odor generation properties can be uniformly formed on an aluminum-containing metal material while maintaining hydrophilicity, water resistance and water swell resistance over a long period of time. It is supposed to be possible. However, in this method, odor components such as cigarette smoke supplied to the heat exchanger from the passenger compartment or the like are adsorbed and accumulated on the hydrophilic film, and sufficient deodorizing properties cannot be maintained, and high temperature wetness is not possible. The corrosion resistance in the atmosphere could not be exhibited sufficiently.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-described conventional problems, and its purpose is to maintain hydrophilicity, high corrosion resistance, antibacterial properties, and deodorizing properties over a long period of time on the surface of an aluminum or aluminum alloy substrate.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an aluminum or aluminum alloy material provided with a surface treatment film that can be used, and a surface treatment method thereof.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a heat exchanger made of aluminum or aluminum alloy, particularly used by being incorporated in an automobile or the like.
- the aluminum or aluminum alloy material according to the present invention for solving the above-described problems has a first protective layer and a second protective layer in this order on the surface of the aluminum or aluminum alloy base material, and the first protective layer comprises And vanadium and at least one metal selected from titanium, zirconium and hafnium, the amount of vanadium deposited is 0.3 to 200 mg / m 2 , and at least selected from titanium, zirconium and hafnium.
- the total coating amount of one or more metals is a chemical conversion film having a molar ratio of 0.1 to 5 when the vanadium deposition amount is 1, and the second protective layer comprises (1) a chitosan derivative and an acceptable coating.
- a solubilizer (2) a modified polyvinyl alcohol obtained by graft polymerization of a hydrophilic polymer on the side chain of polyvinyl alcohol, and (3) a water-soluble crosslinking agent.
- the 1st protective layer excellent in corrosion resistance is formed in the said range on the aluminum or aluminum alloy base material, Furthermore, antibacterial property and deodorizing property are mainly improved on the 1st protective layer (1 ) And a second protective layer made of a composition mainly containing the compounds (2) and (3) that improve hydrophilicity within the above range, aluminum or an aluminum alloy having such a surface-treated film
- the material can maintain hydrophilicity, high corrosion resistance, antibacterial properties, and deodorizing properties for a long period of time.
- the aluminum or aluminum alloy material according to the present invention is not only highly adaptable to a heat exchanger but can also be applied to a wide variety of other applications.
- the side chain hydrophilic polymer of the modified polyvinyl alcohol of (2) forming the second protective layer is made of polyoxyalkylene ether, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyvinyl amine, and polyethylene imine. One or more selected polymers.
- the water-soluble crosslinking agent (3) forming the second protective layer is hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid, nitrilotrimethylenephosphonic acid, phosphonobutanetricarboxylic acid, ethylenediaminetetramethylene.
- phosphonic acid and phytic acid One or more selected from phosphonic acid and phytic acid.
- the heat exchanger according to the present invention for solving the above-mentioned problems is formed of the aluminum or aluminum alloy material according to the present invention.
- the aluminum or aluminum alloy material according to the present invention that retains hydrophilicity, high corrosion resistance, antibacterial properties and deodorization properties over a long period of time is used as a constituent material of the heat exchanger. It is effective in preventing the reduction of the odor, the prevention of white powder scattering due to corrosion, the prevention of fungal growth, the prevention of the generation of bad odor due to the accumulation of odorous components such as tobacco smoke, etc., and a comfortable indoor atmosphere can be realized.
- the surface treatment method according to the present invention includes a surface adjustment step, a water washing step, and a surface of the aluminum or aluminum alloy base material that make the surface of the aluminum or aluminum alloy base material suitable for forming a chemical conversion film
- a surface treatment method comprising a step of forming a first protective layer comprising a chemical conversion film, a water washing step, a step of applying a second protective layer, which is an organic film on the first protective layer, and a drying step in that order.
- the first protective layer is formed of a chemical conversion treatment solution containing vanadium and at least one metal selected from titanium, zirconium, and hafnium
- the second protective layer includes (1) a chitosan derivative and A solubilizer, (2) a modified polyvinyl alcohol obtained by graft polymerization of a hydrophilic polymer on the side chain of polyvinyl alcohol, and (3) a water-soluble crosslinking agent. Forming a composition containing, characterized in that.
- the amount of vanadium deposited in the first protective layer, is 0.3 to 200 mg / m 2, and at least one metal selected from titanium, zirconium and hafnium is used.
- the total adhesion amount is 0.1 to 5 in terms of a molar ratio where the vanadium adhesion amount is 1, and in the second protective layer, the total of the compounds (1) to (3) is calculated in terms of solid content.
- the aluminum or aluminum alloy material according to the present invention can maintain hydrophilicity, high corrosion resistance, antibacterial properties, and deodorizing properties for a long time without any shortage.
- the aluminum or aluminum alloy material according to the present invention is not only highly adaptable to a heat exchanger but can also be applied to a wide variety of other applications.
- the heat exchanger According to the heat exchanger according to the present invention, it is effective in preventing a decrease in heat exchange rate over a long period of time, preventing white powder scattering due to corrosion, preventing bacterial growth, preventing the generation of bad odor due to accumulation of odorous components such as tobacco smoke, etc. Demonstrate a comfortable indoor atmosphere.
- the aluminum or aluminum alloy material and the heat exchanger according to the present invention can be obtained efficiently and stably.
- the aluminum or aluminum alloy material 10 has a first protective layer 2, 2 ′ and a second protective layer 3, 3 ′ in that order on the surface of the aluminum or aluminum alloy substrate 1.
- the first protective layers 2 and 2 ' are chemical conversion films containing vanadium and at least one metal selected from titanium, zirconium and hafnium.
- the second protective layers 3 and 3 ′ are composed of (1) a chitosan derivative and a solubilizer, (2) a modified polyvinyl alcohol obtained by graft polymerization of a hydrophilic polymer on the side chain of polyvinyl alcohol, and (3) a water-soluble substance.
- the first protective layer and the second protective layer are preferably provided on both sides as shown in FIG. 1, but may be provided on one side.
- Reference numeral 1 represents an aluminum or aluminum alloy base material on which the first protective layer and the second protective layer are not provided, and reference numeral 10 represents a first protective layer and a second protective layer that are surface treatment films. Represents an aluminum or aluminum alloy material.
- Al or aluminum alloy base material examples of the aluminum or aluminum alloy base materials
- examples of the aluminum alloy include an aluminum-magnesium alloy, an aluminum-silicon alloy, and an aluminum-manganese alloy.
- examples of aluminum include pure aluminum and aluminum containing inevitable impurities. Note that “or” means that the base material may be a base material made of aluminum, a base material made of an aluminum alloy, or a composite base material of aluminum and an aluminum alloy in some cases. It means you may.
- Examples of the form of the aluminum or aluminum alloy base material include a sheet shape, a strip shape, a plate shape, and other shaped articles.
- the molded article includes, for example, tubes, fins, and hollow plates used for heat exchangers such as air conditioners.
- the first protective layer is provided on the surface of the aluminum or aluminum alloy substrate.
- the first protective layer is a chemical conversion film containing vanadium and at least one metal selected from titanium, zirconium, and hafnium as essential components.
- those essential metal components are any one or two of hydroxides, oxides, and composite oxides (hereinafter, these may be collectively referred to as “oxides and the like”). It is included in the above state. Note that these oxides and the like are preferably dehydrated.
- the first protective layer provided on the aluminum or aluminum alloy base material acts to improve the corrosion resistance of the aluminum or aluminum alloy base material.
- the structure and crystallinity of the essential metal in the first protective layer can be confirmed by transmission electron microscope observation (TEM) of the layer cross section, thin film X-ray diffraction method, and glow discharge spectroscopic analysis.
- the thickness can be confirmed by TEM of the layer cross section.
- the first protective layer has a vanadium adhesion amount of 0.3 to 200 mg / m 2 , and a total adhesion amount of at least one metal selected from titanium, zirconium, and hafnium is defined as a vanadium adhesion amount of 1.
- the molar ratio is preferably within a range of 0.1 to 5.
- the adhesion amount of vanadium When the adhesion amount of vanadium is less than 0.3 mg / m 2 , the corrosion resistance may be insufficient. If the amount of vanadium deposited is greater than 200 mg / m 2 , the cost is high, and the corresponding corrosion resistance cannot be improved.
- the total adhesion amount of at least one metal selected from titanium, zirconium and hafnium is less than 0.1 in terms of a molar ratio where the adhesion amount of vanadium is 1, the first protective layer The barrier property against water becomes insufficient, and the adhesiveness with the second protective layer provided thereon becomes insufficient, and sufficient corrosion resistance may not be obtained.
- the total adhesion amount is more than 5 in terms of a molar ratio when the vanadium adhesion amount is 1, the cost is high, and the corresponding corrosion resistance cannot be improved.
- the second protective layer is provided on the first protective layer.
- the second protective layer comprises (1) a chitosan derivative and a solubilizer, (2) a modified polyvinyl alcohol obtained by graft polymerization of a hydrophilic polymer on the side chain of polyvinyl alcohol, and (3) a water-soluble crosslinking agent. It is an organic film made of the contained composition.
- the compound (1) mainly has a role of improving antibacterial properties and deodorizing properties
- the compounds (2) and (3) have a role of mainly improving hydrophilicity.
- the second protective layer is formed by applying a composition containing such a compound
- the aluminum or aluminum alloy material formed by applying the second protective layer on the first protective layer is hydrophilic, highly Corrosion resistance, antibacterial properties and deodorization properties can be maintained without deficiency.
- the chitosan derivative and the solubilizing agent which are the compounds of (1) constituting the second protective layer act to impart antibacterial and deodorizing properties to the second protective layer.
- a chitosan derivative is a compound obtained by adding one or more functional groups selected from a glyceryl group, a polyoxyalkylene ether group and a polyacrylic acid group to a part or all of primary amino groups of chitosan. It is a group.
- the chitosan derivative can be obtained, for example, by mixing chitosan obtained by deacetylating chitin at a ratio of 60% or more and 100% or less and the above-mentioned addition compound in an aqueous solution and reacting by heating as necessary. it can.
- the chitosan derivative is not necessarily in a pure state, and may contain some by-products and unreacted substances generated by the reaction, and may be in the form of a powder or an aqueous solution.
- Chitosan is a compound obtained by deacetylating chitin.
- the solubilizer enhances the water solubility of chitosan having low water solubility.
- the solubilizer is preferably a polyvalent carboxylic acid, and examples of the polyvalent carboxylic acid include citric acid, butanetetracarboxylic acid, mellitic acid, malic acid, and fumaric acid. This solubilizer is preferably in the range of 0.3 to 2.0 by mass ratio to the chitosan derivative.
- the modified polyvinyl alcohol which is the compound (2) constituting the second protective layer is obtained by grafting a hydrophilic polymer to the side chain of polyvinyl alcohol.
- Such modified polyvinyl alcohol has both the properties of polyvinyl alcohol excellent in running water fixability and the properties of hydrophilic polymers in the side chain, and can maintain very good hydrophilicity even after running water deterioration.
- excellent fixability against running water means that, when the second protective layer is brought into contact with running water, the component contained in the second protective layer is fixed with respect to immersion in running water.
- “flowing water degradation” means that a component having high hydrophilicity is easily washed away by immersing in water, and the hydrophilicity is deteriorated by immersion in running water.
- the modified polyvinyl alcohol having the above characteristics preferably has one or more polymers selected from polyoxyalkylene ether, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinylamine and polyethyleneimine as the hydrophilic polymer in the side chain.
- the degree of polymerization of polyvinyl alcohol constituting the main chain is in the range of 400 to 3,000, and the molecular weight of the hydrophilic polymer constituting the side chain is in the range of 1,000 to 200,000. Preferably there is.
- the water-soluble crosslinking agent that is the compound of (3) constituting the second protective layer is a crosslinking agent that can bind to the hydrophilic polymer of the side chain of the modified polyvinyl alcohol that is the compound of (2) described above, It functions as a cross-linking agent for securing the modified polyvinyl alcohol to the second protective layer. Therefore, it is desirable that this water-soluble crosslinking agent has a plurality of groups excellent in crosslinkability with respect to the hydroxyl group of the modified polyvinyl alcohol.
- a typical example of such a group is a phosphonic acid group.
- the water-soluble crosslinking agent having a phosphonic acid group is preferably at least one selected from hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid, nitrilotrimethylenephosphonic acid, phosphonobutanetricarboxylic acid, ethylenediaminetetramethylenephosphonic acid and phytic acid.
- the dry mass per unit area of the second protective layer is preferably 0.05 to 6.0 g / m 2 , and more preferably 0.1 to 2.0 g / m 2 .
- the dry mass per unit area of the second protective layer is less than 0.05 g / m 2 , the coverage of the second protective layer may be insufficient, and hydrophilicity, antibacterial properties, and deodorizing properties may be insufficient. is there.
- the dry mass per unit area of the second protective layer is more than 6.0 g / m 2 , the in-film stress generated during the formation of the second protective layer is increased, and the film may be peeled off.
- the total of the compounds (1) to (3) in the entire second protective layer is preferably 50% by mass or more, more preferably 60% by mass or more in terms of solid content.
- the upper limit is 100% by mass. By setting it as 50 mass% or more in conversion of solid content, sufficient hydrophilic property, antibacterial property, and deodorizing property can be maintained. When the solid content conversion is less than 50% by mass, sufficient hydrophilicity, antibacterial property and deodorizing property may not be maintained.
- the total solid content conversion of the compounds (1) to (3) occupying the entire second protective layer refers to the organic film constituting the second protective layer among the above (1) to (3). It means the total solid content corresponding to the compound.
- the thus formed second protective layer is formed of the composition containing the compounds (1) to (3).
- FT-IR analysis is performed on the surface of the processed sample piece, and the peak of the carboxyl group contained in (1), the peak of the hydrophilic polymer constituting (2), and ( The ratio of the peak of the phosphonic acid group contained in 3) is measured, and the mass ratio in terms of solid content can be specified from the peak ratio.
- the composition for forming the second protective layer may include a rust inhibitor, a leveling agent, colloidal silica, a plastic pigment and other fillers, a colorant, a surfactant, an antifoaming agent, and the like. It can be added within a range that does not impair the purpose and film performance.
- the first protective layer and the second protective layer are provided in this order on the aluminum or aluminum alloy base material, so that the hydrophilicity, high corrosion resistance, antibacterial property and deodorant property can be maintained for a long time.
- it can also be applied to a wide variety of other applications.
- the heat exchanger 20 according to the present invention is formed of the aluminum or aluminum alloy material 10 according to the present invention. As a result, it is effective in preventing a decline in heat exchange rate over a long period of time, preventing white powder scattering due to corrosion, preventing bacterial growth, and preventing the generation of bad odor due to the accumulation of odorous components such as tobacco smoke. Can be realized.
- an aluminum or aluminum alloy heat exchanger 20 having heat radiation portions (fins) 21, 21 between adjacent refrigerant pipes (tubes) 22 is shown. It is not limited only to the heat exchanger of a form.
- the heat exchanger may be any of a tube shape (hollow tube), a solid tube shape, a hollow plate shape, and a solid plate shape, and a treatment film composed of the first protective layer and the second protective layer is provided on them.
- the heat exchanger 20 according to the present invention is provided.
- the surface treatment method according to the present invention comprises a surface conditioning step, a rinsing step, and a surface formed on the surface of the aluminum or aluminum alloy substrate, wherein the surface of the aluminum or aluminum alloy substrate is suitable for forming a chemical conversion coating.
- 1 is a surface treatment method comprising a step of forming a protective layer, a water washing step, a step of forming a second protective layer as an organic film on the first protective layer, and a drying step in that order.
- the first protective layer is formed with a chemical conversion treatment liquid containing vanadium and at least one metal selected from titanium, zirconium, and hafnium
- the second protective layer is ( It is formed with a composition containing 1) a chitosan derivative and a solubilizer, (2) a modified polyvinyl alcohol obtained by graft polymerization of a hydrophilic polymer on the side chain of polyvinyl alcohol, and (3) a water-soluble crosslinking agent.
- the surface adjustment process removes dirt, non-uniform aluminum oxide film, flux, etc. present on the surface of the aluminum or aluminum alloy substrate, and provides a clean surface suitable for forming a chemical conversion film (first protective layer) in the subsequent process. Done to get.
- the surface conditioning liquid at least one selected from water, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrofluoric acid, sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide is used. Examples of treatment methods that can be used with these surface conditioning liquids include a spray method and a dipping method.
- the temperature of the surface conditioning liquid is preferably 10 ° C to 70 ° C.
- the temperature of the surface conditioning liquid is lower than 10 ° C., sufficient surface cleaning is not performed, and a surface suitable for forming the intended chemical conversion film may not be obtained.
- the temperature of the surface adjustment liquid is higher than 70 ° C., the surface adjustment processing apparatus may be corroded, or the mist of the surface adjustment liquid may be scattered to deteriorate the working environment.
- the surface adjustment time is preferably 5 to 600 seconds. When the surface adjustment time is shorter than 5 seconds, sufficient surface cleaning is not performed, and a surface suitable for forming the intended chemical conversion film may not be obtained. Further, when the surface adjustment time is longer than 600 seconds, the alloy components contained in the aluminum alloy base material are remarkably segregated on the surface, and a surface suitable for forming the intended chemical conversion film may not be obtained. .
- the first protective layer forming step is a chemical conversion treatment step of forming a first protective layer, which is a chemical conversion film mainly imparting excellent corrosion resistance, on the surface of the aluminum or aluminum alloy substrate cleaned in the surface adjustment step. .
- the composition for forming the first protective layer containing a vanadium compound and any one or two or more compounds selected from a titanium compound, a zirconium compound and a hafnium compound is made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy base. Perform in contact with the material.
- vanadium compounds include sodium metavanadate, potassium metavanadate, ammonium metavanadate, sodium vanadate, potassium vanadate, ammonium vanadate, vanadyl sulfate, vanadium oxysulfate, vanadyl acetylacetonate, and vanadium oxyoxalate. Or 2 or more types can be used.
- titanium compound examples include TiCl 4 , Ti (SO 4 ) 2 , TiOSO 4 , Ti (NO 3 ), TiO (NO 3 ) 2 , TiO 2 OC 2 O 4 , H 2 TiF 6 , and H 2 TiF.
- zirconium compound examples include ZrCl 4 , ZrOCl 2 , Zr (SO 4 ) 2 , ZrOSO 4 , Zr (NO 3 ) 4 , ZrO (NO 3 ) 2 , H 2 ZrF 6 , and H 2 ZrF 6 salt.
- hafnium compound examples include HfCl 4 , Hf (SO 4 ) 2 , Hf (NO 3 ), HfO 2 OC 2 O 4 , H 2 HfF 6 , H 2 HfF 6 salt, HfO 2 , HfF 4 and the like. 1 type (s) or 2 or more types can be used.
- An oxidizing agent or a reducing agent can also be mix
- the oxidizing agent or reducing agent include HClO 3 , HBrO 3 , HNO 3 , HNO 2 , HMnO 4 , HVO 3 , H 2 O 2 , H 2 WO 4 , H 2 MoO 4 , peroxides, peroxo compounds, NH 2 OH, (NH 2 OH) 2 .H 2 SO 4 , (NH 2 OH) 3 .H 3 PO 4 , hydroxylamines such as NH 2 OH ⁇ HCl, hydrazine, and sulfite.
- the first protective layer forming composition may further contain one or more surfactants selected from nonionic surfactants, anionic surfactants, and cationic surfactants. it can.
- the amount of the vanadium compound in the first protective layer-forming composition is adjusted so that the amount of vanadium deposited in the resulting first protective layer is 0.3 to 200 mg / m 2 .
- the compounding amount of at least one compound selected from a titanium compound, a zirconium compound, and a hafnium compound is the total adhesion amount of each metal component in the obtained first protective layer when the adhesion amount of vanadium is 1.
- the molar ratio is adjusted to 0.1 to 5.
- the treatment temperature of the first protective layer forming composition is preferably 20 ° C. to 80 ° C. If the treatment temperature is lower than 20 ° C., sufficient chemical precipitation reaction does not proceed, and the desired first protective layer may not be obtained. Moreover, when processing temperature is higher than 80 degreeC, in the drain area from after a process to water washing, powder blowing may arise by drying of a processing liquid, and adhesiveness with a 2nd protective layer may be impaired.
- the treatment time of the first protective layer forming composition is preferably 10 seconds to 600 seconds. When the treatment time is shorter than 10 seconds, sufficient chemical precipitation reaction does not proceed and the desired first protective layer may not be obtained. Further, when the processing time is longer than 600 seconds, the productivity is lowered, and an effect corresponding to the productivity is not recognized.
- the application process of a 2nd protective layer is a process process which apply
- coat which mainly provides the outstanding antimicrobial property, deodorizing property, and hydrophilicity on the 1st protective layer.
- a treatment liquid composed of the composition described in the explanation column of the aluminum or aluminum alloy material is used as the second protective layer forming composition.
- the treatment liquid is preferably an aqueous solution containing the constituent components of the second protective layer.
- Examples of the treatment method that can apply the second protective layer include a spray method, a dipping method, and a roll coating method.
- the aqueous resin contained in the treatment liquid has a solid content concentration of 0.5 to 20 mass%. It is preferable. When the solid content concentration of the aqueous resin is thinner than 0.5% by mass, application spots may occur on the surface of the aluminum or aluminum alloy substrate, and the coating with the second protective layer may not be sufficiently performed. In addition, when the solid content concentration of the aqueous resin is higher than 20% by mass, the viscosity of the treatment liquid increases, and sufficient uniform coating may not be performed on the aluminum or aluminum alloy substrate.
- the drying temperature in the drying step is preferably 120 ° C. to 220 ° C.
- the drying temperature is lower than 120 ° C.
- the second protective layer is not sufficiently cross-linked, and the hydrophilicity, antibacterial property, and deodorizing property may deteriorate.
- the drying temperature is higher than 220 ° C.
- the resin component of the second protective layer may be decomposed and the hydrophilicity may be impaired.
- the drying time is preferably 0.5 to 120 minutes. If the drying time is shorter than 0.5 minutes, the second protective layer may not be sufficiently crosslinked, and the hydrophilicity, antibacterial properties, and deodorizing properties may deteriorate.
- drying time is higher than 120 minutes, the resin component of a 2nd protective layer may decompose
- the water washing step is performed after the surface is adjusted to make the surface of the aluminum or aluminum alloy base material suitable for the formation of the chemical conversion film and after the first protective layer made of the chemical conversion film is formed on the surface of the aluminum or aluminum alloy base material.
- the washing process is not particularly limited, and various washing means such as a shower type and a dip type can be employed.
- aluminum or aluminum alloy material having a surface treatment film and the surface treatment method according to the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples.
- the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
- “aluminum and aluminum alloy heat exchanger” means that the heat exchanger has a portion made of aluminum and a portion made of aluminum alloy.
- Example 1 Aluminum and aluminum alloy heat exchangers (see FIG. 2) were used as objects to be processed, and the surfaces were adjusted by immersing them in a 6% nitric acid solution at 10 ° C. for 120 seconds. After the surface adjustment, it was washed with water by a dipping method. Next, a treatment liquid having a pH of 3.2 containing ammonium metavanadate (V as 150 mg / L) and titanium hydrofluoric acid (Ti as 50 mg / L) was used. The treated product was immersed for 60 seconds.
- V ammonium metavanadate
- Ti titanium hydrofluoric acid
- the first protective layer formed on the surface of the object to be processed had a vanadium adhesion amount: 100 mg / m 2 , a titanium adhesion amount: 94 mg / m 2 , and a Ti / V molar ratio of 1.0. After the treatment, it was washed with water by an immersion method.
- New Pole PE-62) as a solid content and having a solid content concentration of 3.0% by mass is used at room temperature (about 25 ° C., the same applies hereinafter) )),
- the object to be processed on which the first protective layer was formed was dipped for 2 seconds.
- the coating film after the treatment was adjusted using an air blow so that the coating amount was 16.7 mL / m 2 .
- Example 2 Aluminum and aluminum alloy heat exchangers were used as treatment objects, and the surfaces were adjusted by dipping in a 5% potassium hydroxide solution at 40 ° C. for 60 seconds. After the surface adjustment, it was washed with water by a dipping method. Next, using a treatment liquid having a pH of 3.8 containing ammonium metavanadate (150 mg / L as V) and zircon hydrofluoric acid (100 mg / L as Zr), the treatment liquid was brought to a temperature of 65 ° C. The treated product was immersed for 40 seconds.
- First protective layer formed on the surface of the object to be treated vanadium deposition amount: 50 mg / m 2, zirconium coating weight: a 143 mg / m 2, the molar ratio of Zr / V was 1.6. After the treatment, it was washed with water by an immersion method.
- the coating film after the treatment was adjusted using an air blow so that the coating amount was 12.5 mL / m 2 . Then, it was dried at a drying temperature of 220 ° C. for 0.5 minutes in a drying furnace to form a second protective layer.
- Example 3 A heat exchanger made of aluminum and an aluminum alloy was used as an object to be processed, and the surface was adjusted by being immersed in water at 70 ° C. for 5 seconds. After the surface adjustment, it was washed with water by a dipping method. Next, a pH 3.5 treatment solution containing ammonium vanadate (40 mg / L as V), titanium hydrofluoric acid (40 mg / L as Ti), and zircon hydrofluoric acid (200 mg / L as Zr) Using this treatment liquid, the temperature was set to 20 ° C., and the object to be treated was immersed for 10 seconds.
- ammonium vanadate 40 mg / L as V
- titanium hydrofluoric acid 40 mg / L as Ti
- zircon hydrofluoric acid 200 mg / L as Zr
- V vanadium deposition amount: 2 mg / m 2
- a titanium adhesion amount 7 mg / m 2
- zirconium coating weight a 4.6mg / m 2
- (Ti + Zr) / The molar ratio of V was 5.0. After the treatment, it was washed with water by an immersion method.
- polyoxyalkylene ether-modified polyvinyl alcohol as a solid content was 1.61.
- Example 4 Aluminum and aluminum alloy heat exchangers were used as objects to be processed, and surface adjustment was performed by dipping in a 0.2% nitric acid solution at 40 ° C. for 600 seconds. After the surface adjustment, it was washed with water by a dipping method. Next, ammonium metavanadate (150 mg / L as V), titanium hydrofluoric acid (50 mg / L as Ti), zircon hydrofluoric acid (200 mg / L as Zr), hydrofluoric acid solution of Hf (50 mg / L as Hf) L) was used, and this treatment solution was immersed for 600 seconds at a temperature of 30 ° C.
- ammonium metavanadate 150 mg / L as V
- titanium hydrofluoric acid 50 mg / L as Ti
- zircon hydrofluoric acid 200 mg / L as Zr
- hydrofluoric acid solution of Hf 50 mg / L as Hf
- vanadium deposition amount 20 mg / m 2
- a titanium deposition amount 52 mg / m 2
- zirconium coating weight 41 mg / m 2
- hafnium deposition amount 36 mg / m 2
- the molar ratio of (Ti + Zr + Hf) / V was 4.4. After the treatment, it was washed with water by an immersion method.
- the coating film after the treatment was adjusted using an air blow so that the coating amount was 22.2 mL / m2. Then, it was dried at a drying temperature of 120 ° C. for 120 minutes in a drying furnace to form a second protective layer.
- Example 5 Aluminum and aluminum alloy heat exchangers were used as objects to be processed, and the surfaces were adjusted by dipping in a 3% sulfuric acid solution at 60 ° C. for 20 seconds. After the surface adjustment, it was washed with water by a dipping method. Next, a pH 3.5 treatment solution containing ammonium metavanadate (150 mg / L as V), titanium hydrofluoric acid (40 mg / L as Ti), and zircon hydrofluoric acid (50 mg / L as Zr) This treatment solution was immersed for 50 seconds at a temperature of 65 ° C.
- ammonium metavanadate 150 mg / L as V
- titanium hydrofluoric acid 40 mg / L as Ti
- zircon hydrofluoric acid 50 mg / L as Zr
- the coating film after the treatment was adjusted using an air blow so that the coating amount was 15.0 mL / m 2 . Then, it dried for 40 minutes at the drying temperature of 150 degreeC with the drying furnace, and formed the 2nd protective layer.
- Example 6 Surface treatment was performed by immersing aluminum and aluminum alloy heat exchangers as objects to be processed for 30 seconds in a solution containing 5% nitric acid at 10 ° C. and 0.1% hydrofluoric acid. After the surface adjustment, it was washed with water by a dipping method. Next, a pH 4.2 treatment solution containing ammonium metavanadate (250 mg / L as V), titanium hydrofluoric acid (20 mg / L as Ti), and zircon hydrofluoric acid (30 mg / L as Zr). This treatment solution was immersed for 60 seconds at a temperature of 80 ° C.
- the heat exchanger of Example 6 was produced.
- Example 7 Aluminum and aluminum alloy heat exchangers were used as objects to be processed, and the surfaces were adjusted by dipping in a 1% nitric acid solution at 35 ° C. for 100 seconds. After the surface adjustment, it was washed with water by a dipping method. Next, using a treatment liquid having a pH of 3.5 containing vanadyl sulfate (300 mg / L as V) and titanium hydrofluoric acid (40 mg / L as Ti), the treatment liquid was immersed at a temperature of 70 ° C. for 120 seconds. Processed.
- the first protective layer formed on the surface of the workpiece had vanadium adhesion amount: 200 mg / m 2 , Ti adhesion amount: 94 mg / m 2 , and the Ti / V molar ratio was 0.5. After the treatment, it was washed with water by an immersion method.
- polyvinylpyrrolidone-modified polyvinyl alcohol as a solid content, 1.77% by mass
- polyvinylpyrrolidone-modified polyvinyl alcohol as a solid content, 1.77% by mass
- 0.59% by mass of ethylenediaminetetramethylenephosphonic acid as a solid content
- a nonionic surfactant Using a treatment liquid containing 0.09% by mass (Neugen XL-100, manufactured by Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd.) as a solid content and having a solid content concentration of 7.0% by mass, The object to be processed on which the protective layer was formed was immersed for 20 seconds.
- the coating film after the treatment was adjusted using an air blow so that the coating amount was 14.3 mL / m 2 . Then, it dried for 30 minutes at the drying temperature of 140 degreeC with the drying furnace, and formed the 2nd protective layer.
- Example 8> A heat exchanger made of aluminum and an aluminum alloy was used as an object to be processed, and the surface was adjusted by dipping in a 1% sodium hydroxide solution at 50 ° C. for 15 seconds. After the surface adjustment, it was washed with water by a dipping method. Next, a pH 4.0 treatment solution containing ammonium metavanadate (100 mg / L as V) and titanium hydrofluoric acid (20 mg / L as Ti) was used, and the treatment solution was heated at 65 ° C. for 60 seconds. Immersion treatment.
- the first protective layer formed on the surface of the object to be processed had vanadium adhesion amount: 20 mg / m 2 , Ti adhesion amount: 38 mg / m 2 , and the Ti / V molar ratio was 2.0. After the treatment, it was washed with water by an immersion method.
- polyvinylpyrrolidone-modified polyvinyl alcohol as a solid content, 0.14 mass%
- a treatment liquid having a partial concentration of 0.5% by mass the object to be treated on which the first protective layer was formed was immersed in a treatment liquid at room temperature for 40 seconds.
- the coating film after the treatment was adjusted using an air blow so that the coating amount was 10.0 mL / m 2 . Then, it dried for 30 minutes at the drying temperature of 150 degreeC with the drying furnace, and formed the 2nd protective layer.
- Example 9 Aluminum and aluminum alloy heat exchangers were used as objects to be processed, and the surfaces were adjusted by dipping in a 3% nitric acid solution at 40 ° C. for 60 seconds. After the surface adjustment, it was washed with water by a dipping method. Next, using a treatment solution having a pH of 3.5 containing vanadyl sulfate (150 mg / L as V) and zircon hydrofluoric acid (50 mg / L as Zr), this treatment solution was immersed at a temperature of 70 ° C. for 40 seconds. Processed.
- the first protective layer formed on the surface of the object to be processed had vanadium adhesion amount: 20 mg / m 2 , Zr adhesion amount: 3.6 mg / m 2 , and the Zr / V molar ratio was 0.1. . After the treatment, it was washed with water by an immersion method.
- the formed workpiece was immersed for 20 seconds.
- the coating film after the treatment was adjusted using an air blow so that the coating amount was 25.0 mL / m 2 .
- it dried for 10 minutes at the drying temperature of 180 degreeC with the drying furnace, and formed the 2nd protective layer.
- Example 10 Aluminum and aluminum alloy heat exchangers were used as objects to be processed, and the surface was adjusted by dipping in a 3% sulfuric acid solution at 50 ° C. for 20 seconds. After the surface adjustment, it was washed with water by a dipping method. Next, a treatment solution of pH 3.4 containing vanadyl sulfate (150 mg / L as V), titanium hydrofluoric acid (50 mg / L as Ti), and zircon hydrofluoric acid (70 mg / L as Zr) was used. This treatment solution was subjected to immersion treatment at a temperature of 60 ° C. for 40 seconds.
- the first protective layer formed on the surface of the object to be processed has vanadium adhesion amount: 40 mg / m 2 , Ti adhesion amount: 44 mg / m 2 , Zr adhesion amount: 23 mg / m 2 , and (Ti + Zr) / V
- the molar ratio was 1.5. After the treatment, it was washed with water by an immersion method.
- a first protective layer is formed in a processing solution at a room temperature using a processing solution containing 0.09% by mass of Neugen XL-100 (manufactured by Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) and a solid concentration of 3.0% by mass.
- the treated object was immersed for 30 seconds.
- the coating film after the treatment was adjusted using an air blow so that the coating amount was 23.3 mL / m 2 .
- it dried for 20 minutes at the drying temperature of 160 degreeC with the drying furnace, and formed the 2nd protective layer.
- Example 11 Aluminum and aluminum alloy heat exchangers were used as objects to be processed, and the surface was adjusted by dipping in a 0.5% hydrofluoric acid solution at 30 ° C. for 120 seconds. After the surface adjustment, it was washed with water by a dipping method. Next, vanadyl sulfate (100 mg / L as V), titanium hydrofluoric acid (50 mg / L as Ti), zircon hydrofluoric acid (100 mg / L as Zr), hydrofluoric acid solution of Hf (40 mg / L as Hf) L) and a treatment solution having a pH of 3.8, and this treatment solution was immersed for 90 seconds at a temperature of 60 ° C.
- the first protective layer formed on the surface of the workpiece has vanadium adhesion amount: 20 mg / m 2 , Ti adhesion amount: 25 mg / m 2 , Zr adhesion amount: 23 mg / m 2 , Hf adhesion amount: 16 mg / m 2
- the molar ratio of (Ti + Zr + Hf) / V was 2.2. After the treatment, it was washed with water by an immersion method.
- the coating film after the treatment was adjusted using an air blow so that the coating amount was 12.5 mL / m 2 . Then, it dried for 40 minutes at the drying temperature of 150 degreeC with the drying furnace, and formed the 2nd protective layer.
- Example 12 Aluminum and aluminum alloy heat exchangers were used as objects to be processed, and the surface was adjusted by immersing in a 5% sodium hydroxide solution at 40 ° C. for 50 seconds. After the surface adjustment, it was washed with water by a dipping method. Next, a pH 3.5 treatment solution containing vanadyl sulfate (100 mg / L as V) and zircon hydrofluoric acid (400 mg / L as Zr) was used, and this treatment solution was immersed at a temperature of 70 ° C. for 100 seconds. Processed.
- the first protective layer formed on the surface of the object to be processed had a vanadium adhesion amount: 100 mg / m 2 , a Zr adhesion amount: 90 mg / m 2 , and a Zr / V molar ratio of 0.5. After the treatment, it was washed with water by an immersion method.
- the first protective layer is formed in the treatment liquid at room temperature using a treatment liquid containing 0.35% by mass of New Pole PE-62) manufactured by Co., Ltd. and having a solid content concentration of 20.0% by mass.
- the treated object was dipped for 10 seconds.
- the coating film after the treatment was adjusted using an air blow so that the coating amount was 30.0 mL / m 2 .
- it dried for 10 minutes with the drying temperature of 190 degreeC with the drying furnace, and formed the 2nd protective layer.
- Example 13 Aluminum and aluminum alloy heat exchangers were used as objects to be processed, and the surface was adjusted by dipping in a 4% sulfuric acid solution at 30 ° C. for 20 seconds. After the surface adjustment, it was washed with water by a dipping method. Next, a pH 3.0 treatment solution containing vanadyl sulfate (40 mg / L as V) and titanium hydrofluoric acid (150 mg / L as Ti) was used, and this treatment solution was immersed at a temperature of 30 ° C. for 10 seconds. Processed.
- the first protective layer formed on the surface of the object to be processed has a vanadium adhesion amount: 0.3 mg / m 2 and a Ti adhesion amount: 1.3 mg / m 2 , and a Ti / V molar ratio of 4.6. there were. After the treatment, it was washed with water by an immersion method.
- a first protective layer is formed in the treatment liquid at room temperature using a treatment liquid containing 0.11% by mass of New Pole PE-62) manufactured by Co., Ltd. and having a solid content concentration of 10.0% by mass.
- the treated object was dipped for 20 seconds.
- the coating film after the treatment was adjusted using an air blow so that the coating amount was 15.0 mL / m 2 .
- it dried for 20 minutes at the drying temperature of 160 degreeC with the drying furnace, and formed the 2nd protective layer.
- ⁇ Comparative Example 1> A pH 3 containing ammonium metavanadate (70 mg / L as V) and zircon hydrofluoric acid (200 mg / L as Zr) without using a surface conditioning treatment as a heat exchanger made of aluminum and an aluminum alloy. This treatment solution was dipped for 30 seconds at a temperature of 40 ° C. First protective layer formed on the surface of the object to be treated, vanadium deposition amount: 0.1mg / m 2, Zr coating weight: 0.36 mg was / m 2, in a molar ratio of Zr / V is 2.0 there were. After the treatment, it was washed with water by an immersion method.
- the first protective layer is formed in the treatment solution at room temperature using a treatment solution containing 0.05% by mass of New Pole PE-62) manufactured by Co., Ltd. and having a solid content concentration of 3.0% by mass.
- the treated object was dipped for 2 seconds.
- the coating film after the treatment was adjusted using an air blow so that the coating amount was 16.7 mL / m 2 .
- it dried for 40 minutes at the drying temperature of 150 degreeC with the drying furnace, and formed the 2nd protective layer.
- the first protective layer formed on the surface of the object to be processed had a titanium adhesion amount of 80 mg / m 2 , a zirconium adhesion amount of 36 mg / m 2 , and a hafnium adhesion amount of 10 mg / m 2 . After the treatment, it was washed with water by an immersion method.
- the coating film after the treatment was adjusted using an air blow so that the coating amount was 16.7 mL / m 2 . Then, it dried for 10 minutes at the drying temperature of 160 degreeC with the drying furnace, and formed the 2nd protective layer.
- Aluminum and aluminum alloy heat exchangers were used as objects to be processed, and the surfaces were adjusted by dipping in a 5% sodium hydroxide solution at 60 ° C. for 20 seconds. After the surface adjustment, it was washed with water by a dipping method. Next, a treatment solution having a pH of 3.5 containing ammonium metavanadate (80 mg / L as V) and titanium hydrofluoric acid (100 mg / L as Ti) was used, and the treatment solution was heated at a temperature of 45 ° C. for 40 seconds. Immersion treatment.
- the first protective layer formed on the surface of the object to be processed had a vanadium adhesion amount: 10 mg / m 2 , a titanium adhesion amount: 29 mg / m 2 and a Ti / V molar ratio of 3.1. After the treatment, it was washed with water by an immersion method.
- (1) does not contain a solubilizer comprising a chitosan derivative and a polyvalent carboxylic acid, (2) 3.35% by mass of polyvinylpyrrolidone-modified polyvinyl alcohol as a solid content, and (3) solids of hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid 1.43% by mass as a fraction, and further using a treatment liquid having a solid content concentration of 8.0% by mass containing 3.22% by mass of polyvinyl alcohol having a saponification degree of 95 to 100% as a solid content,
- the object to be processed on which the first protective layer was formed was immersed in a processing solution at room temperature for 10 seconds.
- the coating film after the treatment was adjusted using an air blow so that the coating amount was 18.8 mL / m 2 . Then, it dried for 20 minutes at the drying temperature of 160 degreeC with the drying furnace, and formed the 2nd protective layer.
- Aluminum and aluminum alloy heat exchangers were used as objects to be processed, and the surface was adjusted by dipping in a solution containing 2% nitric acid at 40 ° C. and 0.1% hydrofluoric acid for 30 seconds. After the surface adjustment, it was washed with water by a dipping method. Next, a treatment solution having a pH of 3.8 containing vanadyl sulfate (150 mg / L as V) and zircon hydrofluoric acid (80 mg / L as Zr) was used, and this treatment solution was immersed at a temperature of 60 ° C. for 60 seconds. Processed.
- the first protective layer formed on the surface of the workpiece had a vanadium adhesion amount of 55 mg / m 2 and a zirconium adhesion amount of 79 mg / m 2 , and a Zr / V molar ratio of 0.8. After the treatment, it was washed with water by an immersion method.
- New Pole PE-62) as a solid content and having a solid content concentration of 15.0% by mass, 1
- the to-be-processed object in which the protective layer was formed was immersed for 40 seconds.
- the coating film after the treatment was adjusted using an air blow so that the coating amount was 23.3 mL / m 2 .
- Aluminum and aluminum alloy heat exchangers were used as objects to be processed, and the surface was adjusted by dipping in a solution containing 2% nitric acid at 40 ° C. and 0.1% hydrofluoric acid for 30 seconds. After the surface adjustment, it was washed with water by a dipping method. Next, a pH 4.0 treatment solution containing vanadyl sulfate (200 mg / L as V), titanium hydrofluoric acid (70 mg / L as Ti), and zircon hydrofluoric acid (100 mg / L as Zr) was used. The treatment solution was immersed for 60 seconds at a temperature of 70 ° C.
- the first protective layer formed on the surface of the workpiece has vanadium adhesion amount: 75 mg / m 2 , titanium adhesion amount: 95 mg / m 2 , zirconium adhesion amount: 100 mg / m 2 , and (Ti + Zr) / V
- the molar ratio was 2.1. After the treatment, it was washed with water by an immersion method.
- the heat exchanger of Comparative Example 5 was produced.
- Aluminum and aluminum alloy heat exchangers were used as objects to be processed, and the surfaces were adjusted by dipping in a 1% nitric acid solution at 35 ° C. for 20 seconds. After the surface adjustment, it was washed with water by a dipping method. Next, a pH 4.0 treatment solution containing vanadyl sulfate (50 mg / L as V), titanium hydrofluoric acid (30 mg / L as Ti), and zircon hydrofluoric acid (70 mg / L as Zr) was used. The treatment solution was immersed for 20 seconds at a temperature of 30 ° C.
- vanadium deposition amount 50 mg / m 2
- a titanium deposition amount 1.9 mg / m 2
- zirconium coating weight a 0.91mg / m 2
- (Ti + Zr ) / V molar ratio was 0.05. After the treatment, it was washed with water by an immersion method.
- the object to be treated on which the first protective layer was formed was immersed in the treatment liquid at room temperature for 20 seconds.
- the coating film after the treatment was adjusted using an air blow so that the coating amount was 30.0 mL / m 2 . Then, it dried for 30 minutes at the drying temperature of 140 degreeC with the drying furnace, and formed the 2nd protective layer.
- ⁇ Comparative Example 7> A heat exchanger made of aluminum and an aluminum alloy was used as an object to be processed, and the surface was adjusted by dipping in a 1% sodium hydroxide solution at 50 ° C. for 15 seconds. After the surface adjustment, it was washed with water by a dipping method. Next, a pH 4.0 treatment solution containing ammonium metavanadate (100 mg / L as V) and titanium hydrofluoric acid (50 mg / L as Ti) was used, and the treatment solution was heated at 65 ° C. for 60 seconds. Immersion treatment.
- the first protective layer formed on the surface of the object to be processed had a vanadium adhesion amount: 20 mg / m 2 , a Ti adhesion amount: 60 mg / m 2 , and a Ti / V molar ratio of 3.2. After the treatment, it was washed with water by an immersion method.
- a first protective layer is formed in a processing solution at normal temperature using a processing solution containing 0.05% by mass of New Pole PE-62) manufactured by Kasei Co., Ltd. and having a solids concentration of 6.0% by mass.
- the processed object was immersed for 40 seconds.
- the coating film after the treatment was adjusted using an air blow so that the coating amount was 16.7 mL / m 2 .
- it dried for 30 minutes at the drying temperature of 150 degreeC with the drying furnace, and formed the 2nd protective layer.
- the first protective layer formed on the surface of the object to be processed has a vanadium adhesion amount: 30 mg / m 2 , a titanium adhesion amount: 42 mg / m 2 , a zirconium adhesion amount: 46 mg / m 2 , and a hafnium adhesion amount: 18 mg / m 2. And the molar ratio of (Ti + Zr + Hf) / V was 2.5. After the treatment, it was washed with water by an immersion method.
- polyvinylpyrrolidone-modified polyvinyl alcohol as a solid content of 0.81% by mass
- the object to be treated on which the first protective layer was formed was immersed in a treatment liquid at room temperature for 20 seconds.
- the coating film after the treatment was adjusted using an air blow so that the coating amount was 15.0 mL / m 2 . Then, it dried for 10 minutes at the drying temperature of 180 degreeC with the drying furnace, and formed the 2nd protective layer.
- Aluminum and aluminum alloy heat exchangers were used as objects to be processed, and the surface was adjusted by dipping in a 3% sulfuric acid solution at 50 ° C. for 20 seconds. After the surface adjustment, it was washed with water by a dipping method. Next, a pH 3.4 treatment solution containing vanadyl sulfate (70 mg / L as V) and titanium hydrofluoric acid (40 mg / L as Ti) was used, and this treatment solution was immersed for 40 seconds at a temperature of 60 ° C. Processed.
- the first protective layer formed on the surface of the object to be processed had vanadium adhesion amount: 25 mg / m 2 , Ti adhesion amount: 38 mg / m 2 and a Ti / V molar ratio of 1.6. After the treatment, it was washed with water by an immersion method.
- Aluminum and aluminum alloy heat exchangers were used as objects to be processed, and the surface was adjusted by dipping in a 0.5% hydrofluoric acid solution at 30 ° C. for 120 seconds. After the surface adjustment, it was washed with water by a dipping method. Next, a pH 4.2 treatment solution containing vanadyl sulfate (70 mg / L as V) and zircon hydrofluoric acid (500 mg / L as Zr) was used, and the treatment solution was immersed for 90 seconds at a temperature of 60 ° C. Processed.
- First protective layer formed on the surface of the object to be treated vanadium deposition amount: 40 mg / m 2, Zr coating weight: a 143 mg / m 2, the molar ratio of Zr / V was 2.0. After the treatment, it was washed with water by an immersion method.
- New Pole PE-62 as a solid content and having a solid content concentration of 3.0% by mass.
- the object to be processed having been formed was immersed for 20 seconds.
- the coating film after the treatment was adjusted using an air blow so that the coating amount was 23.3 mL / m 2 .
- Aluminum and aluminum alloy heat exchangers were used as objects to be processed, and the surface was adjusted by immersing in a 5% sodium hydroxide solution at 40 ° C. for 50 seconds. After the surface adjustment, it was washed with water by a dipping method. Next, a treatment liquid having a pH of 3.8 containing vanadyl sulfate (80 mg / L as V), titanium hydrofluoric acid (30 mg / L as Ti), and zircon hydrofluoric acid (80 mg / L as Zr) was used. The treatment solution was immersed for 50 seconds at a temperature of 70 ° C.
- the first protective layer formed on the surface of the workpiece has vanadium adhesion amount: 50 mg / m 2 , Ti adhesion amount: 28 mg / m 2 , Zr adhesion amount: 18 mg / m 2 (Ti + Zr) / V
- the molar ratio of was 0.8. After the treatment, it was washed with water by an immersion method.
- the first protective layer is formed in the treatment solution at room temperature.
- the object was immersed for 10 seconds.
- the coating film after the treatment was adjusted using an air blow so that the coating amount was 12.5 mL / m 2 .
- it dried for 10 minutes with the drying temperature of 190 degreeC with the drying furnace, and formed the 2nd protective layer.
- the heat exchanger of Comparative Example 11 was produced.
- the first protective layer formed on the surface of the object to be processed had a vanadium adhesion amount: 40 mg / m 2 , a titanium adhesion amount: 83 mg / m 2 , and a Ti / V molar ratio of 2.2. After the treatment, it was washed with water by an immersion method.
- the coating film after the treatment was adjusted using an air blow so that the coating amount was 10.0 mL / m 2 . Then, it dried for 40 minutes at the drying temperature of 150 degreeC with the drying furnace, and formed the 2nd protective layer.
- the first protective layer formed on the surface of the object to be processed had a vanadium adhesion amount: 40 mg / m 2 , a zirconium adhesion amount: 72 mg / m 2 , and a Zr / V molar ratio of 1.0. After the treatment, it was washed with water by an immersion method.
- the coating film after the treatment was adjusted using an air blow so that the coating amount was 16.7 mL / m 2 . Then, it dried for 20 minutes at the drying temperature of 160 degreeC with the drying furnace, and formed the 2nd protective layer.
- ⁇ Comparative example 14> Aluminum and aluminum alloy heat exchangers were used as objects to be processed, and the surface was adjusted by dipping in a 2% sodium hydroxide solution at 60 ° C. for 20 seconds. After the surface adjustment, it was washed with water by a dipping method. Next, a first protective layer was formed by immersing a zirconium phosphate chemical conversion treatment agent (allodyne 4040, manufactured by Nihon Parkerizing Co., Ltd.) in water at a rate of 20 g / L for 30 seconds at 40 ° C. . After the treatment, it was washed with water by an immersion method.
- a zirconium phosphate chemical conversion treatment agent alloy 4040, manufactured by Nihon Parkerizing Co., Ltd.
- the coating film after the treatment was adjusted using an air blow so that the coating amount was 22.5 mL / m 2 . Then, it dried for 20 minutes with the drying temperature of 140 degreeC with the drying furnace, and formed the 2nd protective layer.
- the obtained second protective layer had a dry mass of 0.45 g / m 2 .
- a heat exchanger of Comparative Example 14 was produced.
- the first protective layer is formed in the treatment liquid at room temperature.
- the treated product was immersed for 30 seconds.
- the coating film after the treatment was adjusted using an air blow so that the coating amount was 26.6 mL / m 2 .
- test bacteria were inoculated into a broth culture solution and cultured, and then the number of bacteria was adjusted to be constant.
- the adjusted number of bacteria was determined by measuring the number of viable bacteria in the bacterial solution by the pour culture method, and setting this as the initial number of bacteria.
- Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus were used as test bacteria.
- test bacterial solution 0.2 mL was evenly inoculated between the fins of the evaluation sample previously inoculated with the culture solution, and cultured in a thermostat adjusted to 28 ° C. for 18 hours. After culturing, the evaluation sample was immersed in 50 mL of sterile physiological saline and well dispersed with a rotary shaker to obtain a bacterial dispersion. The obtained bacterial dispersion was counted by the bacterial count mixing culture method, and this was used as the viable bacterial count.
- the tobacco odor component adhesion test apparatus shown in FIG. 3 was used for the deodorization evaluation. As shown in FIG. 3, this apparatus contains a bell-shaped glass container 31 for storing test samples 32a, 32b, and 32c, a cigarette 34, and a bell-shaped glass via a conduit 31a and an inlet 35b. A smoking cylinder 35 connected to the container 31 having a flow meter 33 connected to an inlet 35b of the smoking cylinder 35 via a conduit 33a and an air supply conduit 36 connected to the smoking cylinder 35 It is.
- One or more samples are accommodated in the bell-shaped glass container 31, and air is blown into the smoking cylinder at a predetermined flow rate via the conduit 36, the flow meter 33, the conduit 33a, and the inlet 35b, and the tobacco is smoked.
- Smoke containing tobacco odor components is blown into the container 31 via the outlet 35a and the conduit 31a.
- the odor component adheres to the sample, and the remaining smoke is removed from the container 31 via the outlet 31b.
- This sample is put into a GC-MS analyzer, and the amount of the material volatilized from the sample is measured by the GC-MS analyzer.
- the deodorizing property was evaluated from the comparative value with respect to the volatile content (standard) of Comparative Example 15 obtained above.
- the results are shown in Table 2.
- “ ⁇ ” is 1.00 or less, and “x” is larger than 1.00.
- the heat exchangers of Examples 1 to 13 exhibited all of excellent hydrophilicity, high corrosion resistance, antibacterial properties, and deodorizing properties without any shortage.
- the heat exchangers of Comparative Examples 1, 2, and 6 had insufficient corrosion resistance.
- Comparative Examples 3 and 8 were insufficient in antibacterial and deodorizing properties.
- Comparative Examples 4, 5, 7, 9, and 11 had insufficient hydrophilicity.
- Comparative Examples 12 and 13 were insufficient in hydrophilicity, antibacterial property and deodorizing property after running water.
- the comparative example 14 was inadequate in the corrosion resistance in a humid atmosphere, and deodorizing property.
- Comparative Example 15 was insufficient in hydrophilicity and corrosion resistance in salt water spray.
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Abstract
Description
本発明に係るアルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金材料10は、図1に示すように、アルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金基材1の表面に第1保護層2,2’と第2保護層3,3’とをその順で有している。そして、第1保護層2,2’は、バナジウムと、チタン、ジルコニウム及びハフニウムから選ばれる少なくとも1種以上の金属とを含有する化成皮膜である。また、第2保護層3,3’は、(1)キトサン誘導体及び可溶化剤と、(2)ポリビニルアルコールの側鎖に親水性ポリマーがグラフト重合してなる変性ポリビニルアルコールと、(3)水溶性架橋剤と、を含有する組成物からなる有機皮膜である。なお、第1保護層及び第2保護層は、図1に示すように両面に設けられていることが好ましいが、片面に設けられていても構わない。符号1は、第1保護層と第2保護層が設けられていないアルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金製の基材を表し、符号10は、表面処理皮膜である第1保護層と第2保護層が設けられたアルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金材料を表している。
アルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金基材のうち、アルミニウム合金としては、アルミニウム-マグネシウム合金、アルミニウム-シリコン合金、及びアルミニウム-マンガン合金、等を挙げることができる。また、アルミニウムとしては、純アルミニウム、不可避不純物を含むアルミニウム、を挙げることができる。なお、「又は」は、基材が、アルミニウムからなる基材であってもよいし、アルミニウム合金からなる基材であってもよいし、場合によってはアルミニウムとアルミニウム合金との複合基材であってもよいことを意味する。
第1保護層は、アルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金基材の表面に設けられる。第1保護層は、バナジウムと、チタン、ジルコニウム及びハフニウムから選ばれる少なくとも1種以上の金属とを必須の構成として含有する化成皮膜である。この第1保護層は、それらの必須の金属成分を水酸化物、酸化物及び複合酸化物(以下、これらを「酸化物等」と総称することがある。)のいずれか1種又は2種以上の状態で含んでいる。なお、それらの酸化物等は脱水されたものであることが好ましい。アルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金基材上に設けられた第1保護層は、アルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金基材の耐食性を向上させるように作用する。
第2保護層は、第1保護層上に設けられる。第2保護層は、(1)キトサン誘導体及び可溶化剤と、(2)ポリビニルアルコールの側鎖に親水性ポリマーがグラフト重合してなる変性ポリビニルアルコールと、(3)水溶性架橋剤と、を含有する組成物からなる有機皮膜である。この組成物において、(1)の化合物は主として抗菌性と防臭性を向上させる役割があり、(2)と(3)の化合物は主として親水性を向上させる役割がある。第2保護層はこうした化合物を含む組成物を塗布して形成されるので、第1保護層上に第2保護層を塗布形成してなるアルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金材料は、長期間にわたり親水性、高耐食性、抗菌性及び防臭性を不足無く保持することができる。
本発明に係る熱交換器20は、図2に示すように、上記本発明に係るアルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金材料10で形成されてなるものである。その結果、長期間にわたる熱交換率の低下防止、腐食による白粉飛散の防止、菌繁殖の防止、タバコ煙等の臭気成分付着蓄積による悪臭発生の防止等に効果を発揮し、快適な室内雰囲気を実現することができる。図2の例では、隣り合う冷媒配管(チューブ)22,22の間に放熱部(フィン)21,…,21を有するアルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金製熱交換器20を挙げているが、本発明はこうした形態の熱交換器のみに限定されない。すなわち、熱交換器は、チューブ状(中空管状)、中実管状、中空板状、中実板状のいずれであってもよく、それらに第1保護層と第2保護層からなる処理皮膜が設けられて、本発明に係る熱交換器20となる。
本発明に係る表面処理方法は、アルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金基材の表面を化成皮膜の形成に適した状態にする表面調整工程、水洗工程、前記アルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金基材の表面に化成皮膜からなる第1保護層を形成する工程、水洗工程、前記第1保護層上に有機皮膜である第2保護層を形成する工程、及び乾燥工程、をその順で経てなる表面処理方法である。そして、この表面処理方法においては、第1保護層を、バナジウムと、チタン、ジルコニウム及びハフニウムから選ばれる少なくとも1種以上の金属とを含有する化成処理液で形成し、第2保護層を、(1)キトサン誘導体及び可溶化剤と、(2)ポリビニルアルコールの側鎖に親水性ポリマーがグラフト重合してなる変性ポリビニルアルコールと、(3)水溶性架橋剤とを含有する組成物で形成する。こうした本発明に係る表面処理方法によれば、上記本発明に係るアルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金材料及び熱交換器を効率的且つ安定品質で得ることができる。
表面調整工程は、アルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金基材の表面に存在する汚れ、不均一なアルミニウム酸化膜、フラックス等を取り除き、後工程の化成皮膜(第1保護層)の形成に適した清浄な表面を得るために行われる。表面調整液としては、水、硝酸、硫酸、フッ酸、水酸化ナトリウム及び水酸化カリウムから選ばれる少なくとも1種以上を用いる。これらの表面調整液の実施可能な処理方式としては、スプレー方式、ディッピング方式等を挙げることができる。
第1保護層の形成工程は、表面調整工程で清浄化されたアルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金基材の表面に、主として優れた耐食性を付与する化成皮膜である第1保護層を形成する化成処理工程である。
第2保護層の塗布工程は、第1保護層上に、主として優れた抗菌性と防臭性と親水性を付与する有機皮膜である第2保護層を塗布する処理工程である。
乾燥工程での乾燥温度は120℃~220℃であることが好ましい。乾燥温度が120℃よりも低い場合には、第2保護層の架橋が十分に行われず、親水性、抗菌性、防臭性が劣化する場合がある。また、乾燥温度が220℃よりも高い場合には、第2保護層の樹脂成分が分解し、親水性が損なわれることがある。また、乾燥時間は0.5~120分であることが好ましい。乾燥時間が0.5分よりも短い場合には、第2保護層の架橋が十分に行われず、親水性、抗菌性、防臭性が劣化する場合がある。また、乾燥時間が120分よりも高い場合には、第2保護層の樹脂成分が分解し、親水性が損なわれることがある。
水洗工程は、アルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金基材の表面を化成皮膜の形成に適した状態にする表面調整後と、アルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金基材の表面に化成皮膜からなる第1保護層を形成した後に行う。水洗工程は特に限定されず、シャワー式、ディップ式等の種々の水洗手段を採用できる。
アルミニウム及びアルミニウム合金製熱交換器(図2参照)を被処理物とし、10℃の6%硝酸溶液に120秒間浸漬させて表面調整を行った。表面調整後、浸漬法にて水洗した。次に、メタバナジン酸アンモニウム(Vとして150mg/L)と、チタンフッ化水素酸(Tiとして50mg/L)とを含有するpH3.2の処理液を用い、この処理液を温度70℃にして、被処理物を60秒間浸漬処理した。被処理物の表面に形成された第1保護層は、バナジウム付着量:100mg/m2、チタン付着量:94mg/m2であり、Ti/Vのモル比が1.0であった。処理後、浸漬法にて水洗した。
アルミニウム及びアルミニウム合金製熱交換器を被処理物とし、40℃の5%水酸化カリウム溶液に60秒間浸漬させ表面調整を行った。表面調整後、浸漬法にて水洗した。次に、メタバナジン酸アンモニウム(Vとして150mg/L)と、ジルコンフッ化水素酸(Zrとして100mg/L)とを含有するpH3.8の処理液を用い、この処理液を温度65℃にして、被処理物を40秒間浸漬処理した。被処理物の表面に形成された第1保護層は、バナジウム付着量:50mg/m2、ジルコニウム付着量:143mg/m2であり、Zr/Vのモル比が1.6であった。処理後、浸漬法にて水洗した。
アルミニウム及びアルミニウム合金製熱交換器を被処理物とし、70℃の水に5秒間浸漬させ表面調整を行った。表面調整後、浸漬法にて水洗した。次に、バナジン酸アンモニウム(Vとして40mg/L)と、チタンフッ化水素酸(Tiとして40mg/L)と、ジルコンフッ化水素酸(Zrとして200mg/L)とを含有するpH3.5の処理液を用い、この処理液を温度20℃にして、被処理物を10秒間浸漬処理した。被処理物の表面に形成された第1保護層は、バナジウム付着量:2mg/m2、チタン付着量:7mg/m2、ジルコニウム付着量:4.6mg/m2であり、(Ti+Zr)/Vのモル比が5.0であった。処理後、浸漬法にて水洗した。
アルミニウム及びアルミニウム合金製熱交換器を被処理物とし、40℃の0.2%硝酸溶液に600秒間浸漬させ表面調整を行った。表面調整後、浸漬法にて水洗した。次に、メタバナジン酸アンモニウム(Vとして150mg/L)と、チタンフッ化水素酸(Tiとして50mg/L)と、ジルコンフッ化水素酸(Zrとして200mg/L)、Hfのフッ酸溶液(Hfとして50mg/L)とを含有するpH3.5の処理液を用い、この処理液を温度30℃にて600秒間浸漬処理した。被処理物の表面に形成された第1保護層は、バナジウム付着量:20mg/m2、チタン付着量:52mg/m2、ジルコニウム付着量:41mg/m2、ハフニウム付着量:36mg/m2であり、(Ti+Zr+Hf)/Vのモル比が4.4であった。処理後、浸漬法にて水洗した。
アルミニウム及びアルミニウム合金製熱交換器を被処理物とし、60℃の3%硫酸溶液に20秒間浸漬させ表面調整を行った。表面調整後、浸漬法にて水洗した。次に、メタバナジン酸アンモニウム(Vとして150mg/L)と、チタンフッ化水素酸(Tiとして40mg/L)と、ジルコンフッ化水素酸(Zrとして50mg/L)とを含有するpH3.5の処理液を用い、この処理液を温度65℃にて50秒間浸漬処理した。被処理物の表面に形成された第1保護層は、バナジウム付着量:80mg/m2、Ti付着量:65mg/m2、Zr付着量:91mg/m2であり、(Ti+Zr)/Vのモル比が1.5であった。処理後、浸漬法にて水洗した。
アルミニウム及びアルミニウム合金製熱交換器を被処理物とし、10℃の硝酸を5%とフッ酸を0.1%含有する溶液に30秒間浸漬させ表面調整を行った。表面調整後、浸漬法にて水洗した。次に、メタバナジン酸アンモニウム(Vとして250mg/L)と、チタンフッ化水素酸(Tiとして20mg/L)と、ジルコンフッ化水素酸(Zrとして30mg/L)とを含有するpH4.2の処理液を用い、この処理液を温度80℃にて60秒間浸漬処理した。被処理物の表面に形成された第1保護層は、バナジウム付着量:120mg/m2、Ti付着量:92mg/m2、Zr付着量:82mg/m2であり、(Ti+Zr)/Vのモル比が1.2であった。処理後、浸漬法にて水洗した。
アルミニウム及びアルミニウム合金製熱交換器を被処理物とし、35℃の1%硝酸溶液に100秒間浸漬させ表面調整を行った。表面調整後、浸漬法にて水洗した。次に、硫酸バナジール(Vとして300mg/L)と、チタンフッ化水素酸(Tiとして40mg/L)とを含有するpH3.5の処理液を用い、この処理液を温度70℃にて120秒間浸漬処理した。被処理物の表面に形成された第1保護層は、バナジウム付着量:200mg/m2、Ti付着量:94mg/m2であり、Ti/Vのモル比が0.5であった。処理後、浸漬法にて水洗した。
アルミニウム及びアルミニウム合金製熱交換器を被処理物とし、50℃の1%水酸化ナトリウム溶液に15秒間浸漬させ表面調整を行った。表面調整後、浸漬法にて水洗した。次に、メタバナジン酸アンモニウム(Vとして100mg/L)と、チタンフッ化水素酸(Tiとして20mg/L)とを含有するpH4.0の処理液を用い、この処理液を温度65℃にて60秒間浸漬処理した。被処理物の表面に形成された第1保護層は、バナジウム付着量:20mg/m2、Ti付着量:38mg/m2であり、Ti/Vのモル比が2.0であった。処理後、浸漬法にて水洗した。
アルミニウム及びアルミニウム合金製熱交換器を被処理物とし、40℃の3%硝酸溶液に60秒間浸漬させ表面調整を行った。表面調整後、浸漬法にて水洗した。次に、硫酸バナジール(Vとして150mg/L)と、ジルコンフッ化水素酸(Zrとして50mg/L)とを含有するpH3.5の処理液を用い、この処理液を温度70℃にて40秒間浸漬処理した。被処理物の表面に形成された第1保護層は、バナジウム付着量:20mg/m2、Zr付着量:3.6mg/m2であり、Zr/Vのモル比が0.1であった。処理後、浸漬法にて水洗した。
アルミニウム及びアルミニウム合金製熱交換器を被処理物とし、50℃の3%硫酸溶液に20秒間浸漬させ表面調整を行った。表面調整後、浸漬法にて水洗した。次に、硫酸バナジール(Vとして150mg/L)と、チタンフッ化水素酸(Tiとして50mg/L)と、ジルコンフッ化水素酸(Zrとして70mg/L)とを含有するpH3.4の処理液を用い、この処理液を温度60℃にて40秒間浸漬処理した。被処理物の表面に形成された第1保護層は、バナジウム付着量:40mg/m2、Ti付着量:44mg/m2、Zr付着量:23mg/m2であり、(Ti+Zr)/Vのモル比が1.5であった。処理後、浸漬法にて水洗した。
アルミニウム及びアルミニウム合金製熱交換器を被処理物とし、30℃の0.5%フッ酸溶液に120秒間浸漬させ表面調整を行った。表面調整後、浸漬法にて水洗した。次に、硫酸バナジール(Vとして100mg/L)と、チタンフッ化水素酸(Tiとして50mg/L)と、ジルコンフッ化水素酸(Zrとして100mg/L)と、Hfのフッ酸溶液(Hfとして40mg/L)とを含有するpH3.8の処理液を用い、この処理液を温度60℃にて90秒間浸漬処理した。被処理物の表面に形成された第1保護層は、バナジウム付着量:20mg/m2、Ti付着量:25mg/m2、Zr付着量:23mg/m2、Hf付着量:16mg/m2であり、(Ti+Zr+Hf)/Vのモル比が2.2であった。処理後、浸漬法にて水洗した。
アルミニウム及びアルミニウム合金製熱交換器を被処理物とし、40℃の5%水酸化ナトリウム溶液に50秒間浸漬させ表面調整を行った。表面調整後、浸漬法にて水洗した。次に、硫酸バナジール(Vとして100mg/L)と、ジルコンフッ化水素酸(Zrとして400mg/L)とを含有するpH3.5の処理液を用い、この処理液を温度70℃にて100秒間浸漬処理した。被処理物の表面に形成された第1保護層は、バナジウム付着量:100mg/m2、Zr付着量:90mg/m2であり、Zr/Vのモル比が0.5であった。処理後、浸漬法にて水洗した。
アルミニウム及びアルミニウム合金製熱交換器を被処理物とし、30℃の4%硫酸溶液に20秒間浸漬させ表面調整を行った。表面調整後、浸漬法にて水洗した。次に、硫酸バナジール(Vとして40mg/L)と、チタンフッ化水素酸(Tiとして150mg/L)とを含有するpH3.0の処理液を用い、この処理液を温度30℃にて10秒間浸漬処理した。被処理物の表面に形成された第1保護層は、バナジウム付着量:0.3mg/m2、Ti付着量:1.3mg/m2であり、Ti/Vのモル比が4.6であった。処理後、浸漬法にて水洗した。
アルミニウム及びアルミニウム合金製熱交換器を被処理物とし、表面調整処理を行わずに、メタバナジン酸アンモニウム(Vとして70mg/L)と、ジルコンフッ化水素酸(Zrとして200mg/L)とを含有するpH3.5の処理液を用い、この処理液を温度40℃にて30秒間浸漬処理した。被処理物の表面に形成された第1保護層は、バナジウム付着量:0.1mg/m2、Zr付着量:0.36mg/m2であり、Zr/Vのモル比が2.0であった。処理後、浸漬法にて水洗した。
アルミニウム及びアルミニウム合金製熱交換器を被処理物とし、40℃の5%硝酸溶液に40秒間浸漬させ表面調整を行った。表面調整後、浸漬法にて水洗した。次に、チタンフッ化水素酸(Tiとして50mg/L)と、ジルコンフッ化水素酸(Zrとして100mg/L)と、Hfのフッ酸溶液(Hfとして50mg/L)とを含有するpH3.5の処理液を用い、この処理液を温度50℃にて90秒間浸漬処理した。被処理物の表面に形成された第1保護層は、チタン付着量:80mg/m2、ジルコニウム付着量:36mg/m2、ハフニウム付着量:10mg/m2であった。処理後、浸漬法にて水洗した。
アルミニウム及びアルミニウム合金製熱交換器を被処理物とし、60℃の5%水酸化ナトリウム溶液に20秒間浸漬させ表面調整を行った。表面調整後、浸漬法にて水洗した。次に、メタバナジン酸アンモニウム(Vとして80mg/L)と、チタンフッ化水素酸(Tiとして100mg/L)とを含有するpH3.5の処理液を用い、この処理液を温度45℃にて40秒間浸漬処理した。被処理物の表面に形成された第1保護層は、バナジウム付着量:10mg/m2、チタン付着量:29mg/m2であり、Ti/Vのモル比が3.1であった。処理後、浸漬法にて水洗した。
アルミニウム及びアルミニウム合金製熱交換器を被処理物とし、40℃の硝酸を2%とフッ酸を0.1%含有する溶液に30秒間浸漬させ表面調整を行った。表面調整後、浸漬法にて水洗した。次に、硫酸バナジール(Vとして150mg/L)と、ジルコンフッ化水素酸(Zrとして80mg/L)とを含有するpH3.8の処理液を用い、この処理液を温度60℃にて60秒間浸漬処理した。被処理物の表面に形成された第1保護層は、バナジウム付着量:55mg/m2、ジルコニウム付着量:79mg/m2であり、Zr/Vのモル比が0.8であった。処理後、浸漬法にて水洗した。
アルミニウム及びアルミニウム合金製熱交換器を被処理物とし、40℃の硝酸を2%とフッ酸を0.1%含有する溶液に30秒間浸漬させ表面調整を行った。表面調整後、浸漬法にて水洗した。次に、硫酸バナジール(Vとして200mg/L)と、チタンフッ化水素酸(Tiとして70mg/L)と、ジルコンフッ化水素酸(Zrとして100mg/L)とを含有するpH4.0の処理液を用い、この処理液を温度70℃にて60秒間浸漬処理した。被処理物の表面に形成された第1保護層は、バナジウム付着量:75mg/m2、チタン付着量:95mg/m2、ジルコニウム付着量:100mg/m2であり、(Ti+Zr)/Vのモル比が2.1であった。処理後、浸漬法にて水洗した。
アルミニウム及びアルミニウム合金製熱交換器を被処理物とし、35℃の1%硝酸溶液に20秒間浸漬させ表面調整を行った。表面調整後、浸漬法にて水洗した。次に、硫酸バナジール(Vとして50mg/L)と、チタンフッ化水素酸(Tiとして30mg/L)と、ジルコンフッ化水素酸(Zrとして70mg/L)とを含有するpH4.0の処理液を用い、この処理液を温度30℃にて20秒間浸漬処理した。被処理物の表面に形成された第1保護層は、バナジウム付着量:50mg/m2、チタン付着量:1.9mg/m2、ジルコニウム付着量:0.91mg/m2であり、(Ti+Zr)/Vのモル比が0.05であった。処理後、浸漬法にて水洗した。
アルミニウム及びアルミニウム合金製熱交換器を被処理物とし、50℃の1%水酸化ナトリウム溶液に15秒間浸漬させ表面調整を行った。表面調整後、浸漬法にて水洗した。次に、メタバナジン酸アンモニウム(Vとして100mg/L)と、チタンフッ化水素酸(Tiとして50mg/L)とを含有するpH4.0の処理液を用い、この処理液を温度65℃にて60秒間浸漬処理した。被処理物の表面に形成された第1保護層は、バナジウム付着量:20mg/m2、Ti付着量:60mg/m2であり、Ti/Vのモル比が3.2であった。処理後、浸漬法にて水洗した。
アルミニウム及びアルミニウム合金製熱交換器を被処理物とし、40℃の3%硝酸溶液に60秒間浸漬させ表面調整を行った。表面調整後、浸漬法にて水洗した。次に、メタバナジン酸アンモニウム(Vとして150mg/L)と、チタンフッ化水素酸(Tiとして50mg/L)と、ジルコンフッ化水素酸(Zrとして200mg/L)、Hfのフッ酸溶液(Hfとして50mg/L)とを含有するpH3.5の処理液を用い、この処理液を温度70℃にて40秒間浸漬処理した。被処理物の表面に形成された第1保護層は、バナジウム付着量:30mg/m2、チタン付着量:42mg/m2、ジルコニウム付着量:46mg/m2、ハフニウム付着量:18mg/m2であり、(Ti+Zr+Hf)/Vのモル比が2.5であった。処理後、浸漬法にて水洗した。
アルミニウム及びアルミニウム合金製熱交換器を被処理物とし、50℃の3%硫酸溶液に20秒間浸漬させ表面調整を行った。表面調整後、浸漬法にて水洗した。次に、硫酸バナジール(Vとして70mg/L)と、チタンフッ化水素酸(Tiとして40mg/L)とを含有するpH3.4の処理液を用い、この処理液を温度60℃にて40秒間浸漬処理した。被処理物の表面に形成された第1保護層は、バナジウム付着量:25mg/m2、Ti付着量:38mg/m2であり、Ti/Vのモル比が1.6であった。処理後、浸漬法にて水洗した。
アルミニウム及びアルミニウム合金製熱交換器を被処理物とし、30℃の0.5%フッ酸溶液に120秒間浸漬させ表面調整を行った。表面調整後、浸漬法にて水洗した。次に、硫酸バナジール(Vとして70mg/L)と、ジルコンフッ化水素酸(Zrとして500mg/L)とを含有するpH4.2の処理液を用い、この処理液を温度60℃にて90秒間浸漬処理した。被処理物の表面に形成された第1保護層は、バナジウム付着量:40mg/m2、Zr付着量:143mg/m2であり、Zr/Vのモル比が2.0であった。処理後、浸漬法にて水洗した。
アルミニウム及びアルミニウム合金製熱交換器を被処理物とし、40℃の5%水酸化ナトリウム溶液に50秒間浸漬させ表面調整を行った。表面調整後、浸漬法にて水洗した。次に、硫酸バナジール(Vとして80mg/L)と、チタンフッ化水素酸(Tiとして30mg/L)と、ジルコンフッ化水素酸(Zrとして80mg/L)とを含有するpH3.8の処理液を用い、この処理液を温度70℃にて50秒間浸漬処理した。被処理物の表面に形成された第1保護層は、バナジウム付着量:50mg/m2、Ti付着量:28mg/m2、Zr付着量:18mg/m2であり(Ti+Zr)/Vのモル比が0.8であった。処理後、浸漬法にて水洗した。
アルミニウム及びアルミニウム合金製熱交換器を被処理物とし、50℃の3%硫酸溶液に20秒間浸漬させ表面調整を行った。表面調整後、浸漬法にて水洗した。次に、硫酸バナジール(Vとして150mg/L)と、チタンフッ化水素酸(Tiとして100mg/L)とを含有するpH3.2の処理液を用い、この処理液を温度60℃にて50秒間浸漬処理した。被処理物の表面に形成された第1保護層は、バナジウム付着量:40mg/m2、チタン付着量:83mg/m2であり、Ti/Vのモル比が2.2であった。処理後、浸漬法にて水洗した。
アルミニウム及びアルミニウム合金製熱交換器を被処理物とし、50℃の3%硫酸溶液に20秒間浸漬させ表面調整を行った。表面調整後、浸漬法にて水洗した。次に、硫酸バナジール(Vとして100mg/L)と、ジルコンフッ化水素酸(Zrとして250mg/L)とを含有するpH4.0の処理液を用い、この処理液を温度70℃にて60秒間浸漬処理した。被処理物の表面に形成された第1保護層は、バナジウム付着量:40mg/m2、ジルコニウム付着量:72mg/m2であり、Zr/Vのモル比が1.0であった。処理後、浸漬法にて水洗した。
アルミニウム及びアルミニウム合金製熱交換器を被処理物とし、60℃の2%水酸化ナトリウム溶液に20秒間浸漬させ表面調整を行った。表面調整後、浸漬法にて水洗した。次に、りん酸ジルコニウム化成処理剤(日本パーカライジング株式会社製、アロジン4040)を20g/Lの割合で水に希釈した処理液を用い、40℃で30秒間浸漬させ、第1保護層を形成した。処理後、浸漬法にて水洗した。
アルミニウム及びアルミニウム合金製熱交換器を被処理物とし、45℃の2%硫酸溶液に20秒間浸漬させ表面調整を行った。表面調整後、浸漬法にて水洗した。次に、ジルコンフッ化水素酸(Zrとして400mg/L)を含有するpH4.0の処理液を用い、この処理液を温度60℃にて50秒間浸漬処理し、第1保護層を形成した。処理後、浸漬法にて水洗した。
実施例1~13及び比較例1~15で作製した熱交換器について、下記の方法による評価を行った。表1は、実施例1~13及び比較例1~15をまとめたものである。
熱交換器の流水浸漬(流水量:脱イオン水で0.5L/分)を90時間実施した。流水前後のフィン部について、着滴10秒後の耐水接触角を、自動接触角計DM-501(協和界面科学株式会社製)を用いて測定した。結果を表2に示した。表2中の評価基準として、「○」は初期接触角(流水前の接触角)が10°未満で、流水後の接触角が25°未満の場合であり、「△」は初期接触角が10°以上20°以下で、流水後の接触角が25°以上30°以下の場合であり、「×」は初期接触角が20°超で、流水後の接触角が35°超の場合である。
熱交換器をJIS Z-2371に基づく塩水噴霧試験法により、480時間暴露後の錆面積を外観により評価した。結果を表2に示した。表2中の評価基準として、「◎」は変色なし、「○」は錆発生が10%未満、「□」は錆び発生が10%以上30%以下、「△」は錆発生が30%超50%以下、「×」は錆発生が50%超の場合である。
熱交換器を、温度:50±1℃、相対湿度:95%以上の高温高湿度雰囲気に保持された湿潤試験機(CT-3:スガ試験機株式会社製)内に2000時間暴露させ、試験後の錆面積を外観により評価した。結果を表2に示した。表2中の評価基準として、「◎」は変色なし、「○」は錆発生が5%未満、「△」は錆び発生が5%超50%以下、「×」は錆発生が50%超の場合である。
流水浸漬(流水量:脱イオン水で0.5L/分)を90時間実施した後の熱交換器を50℃で3時間乾燥させ、1.5cm×4cm×3cmのサイズに切断して評価サンプルとした。次に、評価サンプルをアルミホイルで包み、115℃で15分間オートクレーブ中に暴露し、滅菌を行った。その後、Nutrient Broth(Difco:16g/L)0.5mLをマイクロピペットでフィンの間に均等に付着させ、クリーンベンチ(無菌状態)で18時間乾燥し、評価サンプルへの培養液の接種を行った。試験菌はブイヨン培養液に接種して培養した後、菌数を一定になるように調整した。調整菌数は、菌液の生菌数を混釈培養法にて計測し、これを初期菌数とした。なお、試験菌として、枯草菌、緑膿菌、黄色ブドウ球菌の3種を用いた。
防臭性評価には、図3に示すタバコ臭い成分付着性試験装置を用いた。この装置は、図3に示すように、供試試料32a、32b、32cを収容するための鐘形ガラス容器31と、タバコ34を収容し、導管31a及び入口35bを経由して、鐘形ガラス容器31に接続されている喫煙筒35を、導管33aを経由して喫煙筒35の入口35bに接続されているフローメータ33と、喫煙筒35に接続されている空気供給導管36とを有するものである。鐘形ガラス容器31中に1個以上の試料を収容し、空気を、所定流量で、導管36、フローメータ33、導管33a及び入口35bを経由して、喫煙筒に吹き込み、タバコを発煙させる。タバコの臭い成分を含む煙を、出口35a及び導管31aを経由して容器31中に吹き込む。臭い成分は、試料に付着し、残りの煙は、容器31から出口31bを経て除去される。この試料を、GC-MS分析器に入れ、試料から揮発した物質の量をGC-MS分析器により測定する。この試験において、実施例1~14のフィン部32bと、比較例1~8のフィン部32cと、比較例9のフィン部32cとの合計23個の試料を、鐘形容器に入れ、前述の方法により、タバコが燃え尽きるまでタバコの煙に暴露した。その後、試料32a、32b、32cの各々を、開口部37aを有するGC-MS分析器37に入れ、GC-MS分析に供した。各試料の臭い成分付着量を、試料から揮発した物質の量により表した。また、現行皮膜処理品であり、防臭性が良好であると位置付けられる試料32c(比較例15)の揮発物質の量を基準として、試料32a及び32bの試料の揮発分量を試料32cの揮発分量に対する比較値で表した。
2,2’ 第1保護層
3,3’ 第2保護層
10 表面処理皮膜を有するアルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金材料
20 熱交換器(親水性皮膜が設けられたアルミニウム含有金属材)
21 放熱部(フィン)
22 冷媒配管(チューブ)
31 ガラス鐘
31a 導管
31b 入口
32a 実施例1~14のフィン部
32b 比較例1~8のフィン部
32c 比較例9のフィン部
33 フローメータ
33a 導管
34 タバコ
35 喫煙筒
35a 出口
35b 入口
36 導管
37 GC-MS揮発成分分析器
37a 開口部
Claims (6)
- アルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金基材の表面に第1保護層と第2保護層とをその順で有し、
前記第1保護層が、バナジウムと、チタン、ジルコニウム及びハフニウムから選ばれる少なくとも1種以上の金属とを含有し、前記バナジウムの付着量が0.3~200mg/m2であり、前記チタン、ジルコニウム及びハフニウムから選ばれる少なくとも1種以上の金属の合計付着量が前記バナジウムの付着量を1としたときのモル比で0.1~5である化成皮膜であり、
前記第2保護層が、(1)キトサン誘導体及び可溶化剤と、(2)ポリビニルアルコールの側鎖に親水性ポリマーがグラフト重合してなる変性ポリビニルアルコールと、(3)水溶性架橋剤とを含有する組成物からなり、前記(1)~(3)の化合物の合計が固形分換算で第2保護層全体の50質量%以上であり、前記(1)~(3)の化合物それぞれが固形分換算の質量比で、(1)/{(1)+(2)+(3)}=0.1~0.8、(2)/{(1)+(2)+(3)}=0.1~0.6、及び(3)/{(1)+(2)+(3)}=0.05~0.3であり、単位面積あたりの乾燥質量が0.05~6.0g/m2の有機皮膜である、ことを特徴とするアルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金材料。 - 前記第2保護層を形成する前記(2)の変性ポリビニルアルコールが有する側鎖親水性ポリマーが、ポリオキシアルキレンエーテル、ポリビニルピロリドン、ポリビニルアミン及びポリエチレンイミンから選ばれる1種以上のポリマーである、請求項1に記載のアルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金材料。
- 前記第2保護層を形成する前記(3)の水溶性架橋剤が、ヒドロキシエチリデンジホスホン酸、ニトリロトリメチレンホスホン酸、ホスホノブタントリカルボン酸、エチレンジアミンテトラメチレンホスホン酸及びフィチン酸から選ばれる1種以上である、請求項1又は2に記載のアルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金材料。
- 請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載のアルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金材料で形成されてなることを特徴とする熱交換器。
- アルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金基材表面を化成皮膜の形成に適した状態にする表面調整工程、水洗工程、前記アルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金基材の表面に化成皮膜である第1保護層を形成する工程、水洗工程、前記第1保護層上に有機皮膜である第2保護層を塗布する工程、及び乾燥工程をその順で経てなる表面処理方法であって、
前記第1保護層を、バナジウムと、チタン、ジルコニウム及びハフニウムから選ばれる少なくとも1種以上の金属とを含有する化成処理液で形成し、
前記第2保護層を、(1)キトサン誘導体及び可溶化剤と、(2)ポリビニルアルコールの側鎖に親水性ポリマーがグラフト重合してなる変性ポリビニルアルコールと、(3)水溶性架橋剤とを含有する組成物で形成する、ことを特徴とする表面処理方法。 - 前記第1保護層において、前記バナジウムの付着量を0.3~200mg/m2とするとともに、前記チタン、ジルコニウム及びハフニウムから選ばれる少なくとも1種以上の金属の合計付着量を前記バナジウムの付着量を1としたときのモル比で0.1~5とし、
前記第2保護層において、前記(1)~(3)の化合物の合計を固形分換算で第2保護層全体の50質量%以上とするとともに、前記(1)~(3)の化合物それぞれを固形分換算の質量比で、(1)/{(1)+(2)+(3)}=0.1~0.8、(2)/{(1)+(2)+(3)}=0.1~0.6、及び(3)/{(1)+(2)+(3)}=0.05~0.3とし、単位面積あたりの乾燥質量を0.05~6.0g/m2とする、請求項5に記載の表面処理方法。
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CZ306707B6 (cs) * | 2011-09-21 | 2017-05-17 | Nippon Paint Surf Chemicals Co., Ltd. | Způsob ošetření povrchu hliníkového výměníku tepla |
US9757811B2 (en) | 2011-09-21 | 2017-09-12 | Nippon Paint Surf Chemicals Co., Ltd. | Method for treating surface of aluminum heat exchanger |
US9739544B2 (en) | 2012-03-09 | 2017-08-22 | Nippon Paint Surf Chemicals Co., Ltd. | Surface treatment method for aluminum heat exchangers |
US9896766B2 (en) | 2013-04-03 | 2018-02-20 | Nippon Paint Surf Chemicals Co., Ltd. | Surface processing method for aluminum heat exchanger |
WO2016155107A1 (zh) * | 2015-04-03 | 2016-10-06 | 江南大学 | 一种壳聚糖复合膜的制备方法 |
US10442904B2 (en) | 2015-04-03 | 2019-10-15 | Jiangnan University | Method for preparing chitosan complex film |
JP2020159667A (ja) * | 2019-03-28 | 2020-10-01 | 昭和電工パッケージング株式会社 | 熱交換器 |
JP7274325B2 (ja) | 2019-03-28 | 2023-05-16 | 株式会社レゾナック・パッケージング | 熱交換器 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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AU2011215282B2 (en) | 2013-06-27 |
JP2011161876A (ja) | 2011-08-25 |
CN102844179A (zh) | 2012-12-26 |
BR112012020496A2 (pt) | 2020-08-25 |
US20130034743A1 (en) | 2013-02-07 |
US8741445B2 (en) | 2014-06-03 |
JP5663174B2 (ja) | 2015-02-04 |
EP2537674A1 (en) | 2012-12-26 |
EP2537674B1 (en) | 2017-04-12 |
ZA201206499B (en) | 2013-05-29 |
AU2011215282A1 (en) | 2012-09-06 |
EP2537674A4 (en) | 2013-10-30 |
KR20120130213A (ko) | 2012-11-29 |
CN102844179B (zh) | 2014-10-15 |
KR101503988B1 (ko) | 2015-03-18 |
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