WO2011096574A1 - 振動アクチュエータ、これを備えるレンズ鏡筒及びカメラ - Google Patents
振動アクチュエータ、これを備えるレンズ鏡筒及びカメラ Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2011096574A1 WO2011096574A1 PCT/JP2011/052621 JP2011052621W WO2011096574A1 WO 2011096574 A1 WO2011096574 A1 WO 2011096574A1 JP 2011052621 W JP2011052621 W JP 2011052621W WO 2011096574 A1 WO2011096574 A1 WO 2011096574A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- vibration actuator
- resin film
- vibrator
- ultrasonic motor
- vibration
- Prior art date
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Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B7/00—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements
- G02B7/02—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for lenses
- G02B7/04—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for lenses with mechanism for focusing or varying magnification
- G02B7/08—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for lenses with mechanism for focusing or varying magnification adapted to co-operate with a remote control mechanism
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/0006—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 with means to keep optical surfaces clean, e.g. by preventing or removing dirt, stains, contamination, condensation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N2/00—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction
- H02N2/0005—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing non-specific motion; Details common to machines covered by H02N2/02 - H02N2/16
- H02N2/005—Mechanical details, e.g. housings
- H02N2/0065—Friction interface
- H02N2/007—Materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N2/00—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction
- H02N2/10—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing rotary motion, e.g. rotary motors
- H02N2/12—Constructional details
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N2/00—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction
- H02N2/10—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing rotary motion, e.g. rotary motors
- H02N2/16—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing rotary motion, e.g. rotary motors using travelling waves, i.e. Rayleigh surface waves
- H02N2/163—Motors with ring stator
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a vibration actuator, a lens barrel including the same, and a camera.
- a vibrator in which an electromechanical conversion element and an elastic body are joined, and a progressive vibration wave (hereinafter referred to as a traveling wave) is generated in the elastic body using the expansion and contraction of the electromechanical conversion element.
- a vibration actuator that frictionally drives a relative movement member that is in pressure contact with a vibrator (elastic body) by a wave is known.
- the elastic body uses a highly elastic material, for example, a stainless steel metal material, etc., in order to efficiently transmit a given vibration to the relative movement member.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a technique in which a thermosetting resin film is disposed on a driven surface (that is, a frictional contact surface) between a driving body of a rotor portion and a stator portion.
- thermosetting resin film when a thermosetting resin film is used on one of the frictional contact surfaces of the vibrator and the relative moving member and an anodized film is used on the other, noise reduction during driving and wear resistance are improved. Is done. However, due to the difference in hardness between the alumite film and the thermosetting resin film, wear may occur after the durability test, and the starting characteristics may be deteriorated.
- thermosetting resin there is a method in which since the water absorption is high, the material is denatured and fixed in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment and cannot be driven. In the technique disclosed in Patent Document 1, an alumite film is provided on the sliding surfaces of the rotor portion and the stator portion.
- the alumite film is a film mainly composed of an oxide film called aluminum oxide Al 2 O 3 and is hard. Therefore, the other thermosetting resin is destroyed by friction driving.
- the frictional contact surface of the destroyed thermosetting resin has a problem of dropping off. There is a problem in that the minimum voltage at which the vibration actuator can be activated increases due to occurrence of drop marks and transfer of the dropped thermosetting resin film component to the counterpart material.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a vibration actuator that is easy to manufacture and has good driving performance, and a lens barrel and a camera including the vibration actuator.
- the present invention solves the above problems by the following means.
- the invention according to claim 1 includes: a vibrator that generates vibration; and a relative movement member that is in pressure contact with the vibrator and moves relative to the vibrator by the vibration. At least one of the contact surface with respect to the relative movement member and the contact surface with respect to the vibrator of the relative movement member is a thermosetting resin film formed of a polyamideimide resin and a fluororesin, and the other is an alumite film.
- the vibration actuator characterized by.
- the invention according to claim 2 is the vibration actuator according to claim 1, wherein the thermosetting resin film has an indent hardness of 0.1 to 0.3 GPa.
- the invention according to claim 3 is the vibration actuator according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the alumite film is hard alumite.
- the invention according to claim 4 includes a vibrator that generates vibration, and a relative movement member that is in pressure contact with the vibrator and moves relative to the vibrator by the vibration. At least one of the contact surface with respect to the relative movement member and the contact surface with respect to the vibrator of the relative movement member is a thermosetting resin film formed of a polyamideimide resin and a fluororesin, and the other has an indent hardness of 20000.
- the invention according to claim 5 is the vibration actuator according to claim 4, wherein the thermosetting resin film has an indent hardness of 0.1 to 0.3 GPa.
- the invention according to claim 6 is the vibration actuator according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the coating is an alumite coating.
- a seventh aspect of the present invention is the vibration actuator according to any one of the fourth to sixth aspects, wherein the alumite film is hard alumite.
- the invention according to claim 8 is the vibration actuator according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the thermosetting resin film contains a pigment.
- the invention according to claim 9 is the vibration actuator according to claim 8, wherein the pigment has a hardness of 15000 to 50000 GPa.
- the invention according to claim 10 is the vibration actuator according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the pigment is 20 to 50 (weight ratio) with respect to the polyamideimide 100, Vibration actuator characterized by The invention according to claim 11 is the vibration actuator according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein an indentation power of the thermosetting resin film is 30% or less. Vibration actuator.
- the invention according to claim 12 is the vibration actuator according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the fluororesin is 20 to 50 (weight ratio) with respect to the polyamideimide 100, Vibration actuator characterized by
- the invention described in claim 13 is a lens barrel including the vibration actuator according to any one of claims 1 to 12.
- the invention according to claim 14 is a camera comprising the vibration actuator according to any one of claims 1 to 12.
- the present invention it is possible to provide a vibration actuator that is easy to manufacture and has good driving performance, and a lens barrel and camera including the vibration actuator.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a camera 1 according to the first embodiment.
- the camera 1 of the present embodiment includes a camera body 2 having an image sensor 6 and a lens barrel 3.
- the lens barrel 3 is an interchangeable lens that can be attached to and detached from the camera body 2.
- the camera 1 of the present embodiment shows an example in which the lens barrel 3 is an interchangeable lens, the present invention is not limited thereto, and may be a lens barrel integrated with the camera body, for example.
- the lens barrel 3 includes a lens 4, a cam barrel 5, an ultrasonic motor 10, and the like.
- an ultrasonic motor will be described as an example of a vibration actuator.
- the ultrasonic motor 10 has a substantially annular shape, and is disposed in the lens barrel 3 so that the center axis direction of the ring substantially coincides with the optical axis direction (the direction of arrow A in FIG. 1).
- the ultrasonic motor 10 is used as a driving source for driving the lens 4 during the focusing operation of the camera 1.
- the driving force obtained from the ultrasonic motor 10 is transmitted to the cam cylinder 5.
- the lens frame 4a of the lens 4 is cam-engaged with the cam cylinder 5, and when the cam cylinder 5 rotates around the optical axis by the driving force of the ultrasonic motor 10, the lens 4 moves in the optical axis direction and is in focus. Adjustments are made.
- a subject image is formed on the imaging surface of the imaging device 6 by a lens group (not shown) provided in the lens barrel 3 (including the lens 4).
- the imaged subject image is converted into an electrical signal by the image sensor 6, and image data is obtained by A / D converting the signal.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the ultrasonic motor 10 according to the first embodiment.
- the ultrasonic motor 10 of this embodiment includes a vibrator 13 including a piezoelectric body 11 and an elastic body 12, a moving body 15, a flexible printed board 14, a vibration absorbing material 16, a support body 17 and the like. .
- the piezoelectric body 11 has a function of converting electrical energy into mechanical energy.
- a piezoelectric element is used as the piezoelectric body 11, but an electrostrictive element may be used.
- the piezoelectric body 11 is fixed to a support body 17 provided on the lens barrel 3 via a vibration absorbing material 16 such as felt.
- the piezoelectric body 11 has an electrode portion (not shown). The piezoelectric body 11 expands and contracts by a drive signal supplied from the flexible printed circuit board 14 electrically connected to the electrode portion, and excites the elastic body 12.
- the elastic body 12 is a member that generates a traveling wave when the piezoelectric body 11 is excited.
- the elastic body 12 is formed of an iron alloy such as stainless steel or invar steel having a high elastic modulus.
- the elastic body 12 of this embodiment is formed of SUS303.
- the elastic body 12 is a substantially ring-shaped member.
- the piezoelectric body 11 is bonded to one surface by a conductive adhesive or the like, and the other surface is a comb formed by cutting a plurality of grooves 12b.
- the tooth part 12a is provided.
- the front end surface of the comb tooth portion 12a is a contact surface that comes into pressure contact with the moving body 15 described later, and the moving body 15 is rotationally driven by a traveling wave generated on this surface.
- a resin film 18 (see FIG. 3) using a polyamideimide resin as a main raw material is formed on the tip surface of the comb tooth portion 12a. Details of the resin film 18 will be described later.
- the moving body 15 is a substantially ring-shaped member made of a metal such as aluminum.
- the moving body 15 of this embodiment is formed of an aluminum alloy.
- the moving body 15 is brought into pressure contact with the vibrator 13 (elastic body 12) and is frictionally driven by a traveling wave.
- An alumite film layer 19 (see FIG. 3) is formed on the contact surface of the moving body 15 with respect to the vibrator 13.
- the flexible printed board 14 is a member that is electrically connected to a predetermined electrode portion of the piezoelectric body 11 and supplies a drive signal to the piezoelectric body 11. Further, a control device 108 that controls the camera 1 is connected to the flexible printed circuit board 14. A temperature sensor 109 is connected to the control device 108, and the frequency of the drive signal supplied to the piezoelectric body 11 is set so that the number of rotations of the ultrasonic motor 10 is constant according to the detection result of the temperature sensor 109. It is adjusted.
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a contact portion between the elastic body 12 and the moving body 15 of the ultrasonic motor 10 according to the first embodiment.
- a part of the circumferential cross section of the ultrasonic motor 10 is enlarged.
- a resin film 18 is provided on a contact surface of the elastic body 12 with the moving body 15 (tip surface of the comb tooth portion 12a).
- An alumite film layer 19 is provided on the contact surface of the moving body 15 with the elastic body 12. Therefore, the surface in which the vibrator 13 and the moving body 15 are in frictional contact is in a form in which the resin film 18 and the alumite film layer 19 are in contact with each other.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the resin film 18 of the present embodiment.
- the resin film 18 of the present embodiment is formed by applying a paint mainly composed of a polyamideimide resin 18c to which polytetrafluoroethylene (hereinafter referred to as PTFE) 18a and a pigment 18b are added.
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- 30 weight ratio of PTFE 18a and 30 weight ratio of cobalt nickel pigment 18b are blended with respect to 100 weight of the polyamideimide resin 18c.
- the resin film 18 is used by polishing the surface by about 10 ⁇ m.
- the surface roughness Rz (JIS B0601-2001) at that time is 0.5 ⁇ m or less, and the film thickness after polishing is 15 ⁇ m.
- the amount of PTFE 18a and pigment 18b is shown as a ratio when the weight of the polyamideimide resin 18c is 100, based on the weight of the polyamideimide resin 18c serving as the main agent.
- the resin film 18 using the polyamide-imide resin 18c as the main raw material has a hardness, plastic deformation resistance, adhesion and peel strength, wear resistance, heat resistance, paint compared to the case where other resins are used as a coating film. It is excellent in terms of stability, workability, boiling water resistance, and the like. Therefore, the following effects can be expected by forming the resin film 18 with the polyamideimide resin 10c blended with the PTFE 18a and the pigment 18b. (1) Since the resin film 18 is harder than other resin films using an epoxy resin or the like, it is possible to improve the wear resistance and plastic deformation resistance of the contact surface with the moving body 15 (alumite film layer 19).
- the PTFE 18a contained in the resin film 18 of the present embodiment is granular as shown in FIG.
- the average primary particle diameter of the PTFE 18a is 1 to 5 ⁇ m.
- the film thickness of the resin film 18 of this embodiment is 30 ⁇ m, the PTFE 18a having this size is used.
- the average diameter of the PTFE 18a may be appropriately selected according to the thickness of the film thickness.
- PTFE 18a has high lubrication characteristics, and has the effect of lowering the coefficient of friction and improving the startability of the ultrasonic motor at low speed.
- the PTFE 18a has high water repellency, and can be expected to prevent the resin film 18 and the alumite film layer 19 from sticking under high temperature and high humidity.
- the resin film 18 of this embodiment includes a pigment 18b. If the hardness of the pigment contained in the resin film 18 is less than 15000 GPa, the resin film 18 tends to adhere to the material (alumite film layer 19) that is in contact with the resin film 18, and the resin film 18 itself may be damaged by the adhered pigment. Yes, not preferred. On the other hand, if it is higher than 50000 GPa, the pigment is liable to be broken, whereby the surface of the resin film 18 is roughened, which may damage the material (alumite film layer 19) that is in contact therewith. Therefore, it is preferable that the pigment has a hardness of 15000 to 50000 GPa.
- the pigment 18b of this embodiment is cobalt nickel contained in the above-mentioned 15000 to 50000 GPa, and the average particle size is 1 to 3 ⁇ m.
- the resin film 18 contains the pigment 18b, the denseness of the resin film 18 is improved and the hardness and plastic deformation resistance are improved.
- the heat generated in the contact surface of the resin film 18 with the moving body 15 (alumite film layer 19) of the resin film 18 due to the friction drive is conducted outside the contact surface to prevent the heat from being trapped in the contact surface, thereby improving the driving efficiency.
- the pigment 18b has an effect of increasing the friction coefficient between the vibrator 13 and the moving body 15 (that is, the friction coefficient between the resin film 18 and the alumite film layer 19) and improving the holding torque and the maximum load torque.
- the resin film 18 is formed through the following steps. First, a degreasing process is performed on a contact surface of the elastic body 12 with the moving body 15 (tip surface of the comb tooth portion 12a). At this time, processing for roughening the surface such as blasting or etching may be performed to further improve the adhesion.
- a solution is prepared by mixing the polyamideimide resin 18c with an additive of PTFE 18a and cobalt nickel and N-methylpyrrolidone. This solution is applied to the frictional contact surface of the elastic body 12, and after preheating, left to stand at a high temperature of about 250 ° C. for 20 to 60 minutes to dry and cure. After curing, the surface of the resin film 18 is polished and flattened using green carborundum or the like.
- the alumite film layer 19 is formed by subjecting the surface of the moving body 15 formed of an aluminum alloy (A6061) to anodization.
- the piezoelectric body 11 is joined to the elastic body 12 on which the resin film 18 is formed, and the vibrator 13 is formed.
- the vibrator 13 and the moving body 15 are arranged so that the resin film 18 of the vibrator 13 and the alumite film layer 19 of the moving body 15 are in contact with each other, and the respective members are assembled. Through these steps, the ultrasonic motor 10 is manufactured.
- the ultrasonic motor 10 of Measurement Examples 1 to 13 and the frictional contact surface of the vibrator 13 having different addition amounts (ratio to the weight of the polyamideimide resin) of additives such as PTFE 18a and pigment 18b to the polyamideimide resin 18c.
- the ultrasonic motor 10 of the measurement example 14 (comparative example) to which the epoxy resin coating film is applied is prepared, and the ultrasonic motor 10 is driven such as the minimum abnormal rotation speed, holding torque, maximum torque, minimum starting voltage, and wear characteristics. The performance was examined.
- the indent hardness of the polyamideimide resin film 18 and the alumite film layer 19 was measured.
- the indent hardness is the hardness obtained from the relationship between the test force and the indentation depth during the indenter indentation process, as defined in ISO 14577-1 “Instrumentation Indentation Hardness Test”.
- the indentation power can also be obtained from the load-indentation depth curve.
- the indentation work rate is “a work amount due to elastic deformation / (a work amount due to elastic deformation + a work amount due to plastic deformation)”.
- Table 1 is a table showing the measurement results of the holding torque and the like of the ultrasonic motor 10 of Measurement Examples 1 to 13 and Comparative Example 14.
- the ultrasonic motor 10 of Measurement Examples 1 to 13 has substantially the same form as the ultrasonic motor 10 of the present embodiment except that the amount and hardness of each additive such as PTFE are different.
- the ultrasonic motor of Measurement Example 20 corresponds to the ultrasonic motor 10 of this embodiment.
- the ultrasonic motor of Measurement Example 14 (Comparative Example) is different from the ultrasonic motor except that an epoxy citrus film is formed on the contact surface of the vibrator with the moving body instead of the polyamide resin film 18. It is a form substantially the same as the ultrasonic motor 10 of embodiment.
- the ultrasonic motor of Measurement Example 14 is an example of an ultrasonic motor that is generally used conventionally.
- the resin film 18 of the ultrasonic motor 10 of Measurement Example 1 will be described.
- the resin film 18 of the ultrasonic motor 10 of Measurement Example 1 is formed of a resin film in which 60 weights of PTFE and 30 weights of cobalt nickel pigment are mixed with 100 weights of polyamideimide. Carbon short fibers, silicon beads, and alumina particles are not added to the resin film of the ultrasonic motor of Measurement Example 1.
- the weight ratio of the PTFE 18a is changed, and accordingly, the hardness of the resin film 18 is also different.
- the resin film 18 of the ultrasonic motor 10 of the measurement examples 6 to 9 is the same as that of the measurement example 3, but the hardness of the opposing anodized film 19 is different.
- the weight ratio of the pigment 18b is different, and accordingly, the hardness of the resin film 18 is also different.
- the resin film 18 of Measurement Example 14 is different in that an epoxy resin is used as a main component. In measurement example 14, PTFE 18a and pigment 18b in the same ratio as measurement example 3 are added.
- the holding torque shown in Table 1 is a torque required when the ultrasonic motor 10 is driven at a predetermined drive voltage and rotation speed from a stationary state.
- the values of the holding torque shown in Table 1 indicate the ratio of the holding torque of the ultrasonic motor 10 in each measurement example when the holding torque in the ultrasonic motor 10 of the comparative example 3 is set to the specified value (1.0). Yes.
- the value of the holding torque shown in Table 1 is preferably larger from the viewpoint of improving the driving efficiency and preventing the rotation of the moving body when not in use, but if the value is larger than 0.9, the ultrasonic motor 10 Can be used as
- the maximum torque shown in Table 1 is the maximum load torque that can be driven, that is, the maximum load torque.
- the value of the maximum torque shown in Table 1 is the ratio of the maximum load torque of each ultrasonic motor 10 when the maximum load torque of the ultrasonic motor 10 of Comparative Example 1 is set to a specified value (1.0).
- the value of the maximum torque shown in Table 1 is preferably 1.0 or more. However, if the value is greater than 0.9, the ultrasonic motor 10 is within the allowable range.
- the minimum starting voltage is the lowest voltage that can be driven, and the smaller the value, the lower the driving power. If it is 1.0 or less, the ultrasonic motor 10 is within the allowable range.
- the abnormal noise generation rotational speed is obtained by examining the minimum rotational speed at which abnormal noise is generated when the ultrasonic motor 10 is driven under a predetermined driving condition. Normally, the ultrasonic motor 10 generates abnormal noise at a rotational speed equal to or higher than the abnormal noise generation rotational speed, and therefore preferably has an abnormal noise generation rotational speed as large as possible.
- the amount of wear of the resin film 18 is the amount of wear of the elastic body 12 when the ultrasonic motor 10 is rotated 50000 at a predetermined load torque and rotation speed (load torque 20 N ⁇ mm, rotation speed 60 rpm). It was measured and evaluated.
- This wear depth is the difference from the thickness of the vibrator after rotational driving when the thickness of the vibrator 13 before 50,000 rotations is used as a reference. The smaller the wear depth, the smaller the amount of wear caused by driving and the better the durability.
- the durability is good if the amount of wear when the ultrasonic motor 10 of Comparative Example 1 is driven (a wear depth of about 3.0 ⁇ m) is 1.0 ⁇ m or less.
- the drop mark of the resin film 18 is a peel mark of a resin film component having a depth of 2 ⁇ m or more that occurs when the resin film 18 is rotated 50000 times. When peeling marks are generated, driving is unstable, so it is desirable that there are no peeling marks.
- the holding torque, the maximum torque, the minimum starting voltage, the wear mark / drop-off wear amount, and the low-temperature startability of the ultrasonic motor 10 of the measurement example having the resin film 18 mainly composed of the polyamideimide resin 18c are Comparative Example 1. It is better than the ultrasonic motor 10 of (Measurement Example 14).
- the resin film 18 of the ultrasonic motor 10 of the measurement examples 1 to 5 is different only in the weight ratio of the PTFE 18a. Therefore, by comparing the driving performance of the ultrasonic motors 10 of the measurement examples 1 to 5, the influence of the added weight of the PTFE 18a on the driving performance of the ultrasonic motor 10 can be understood.
- the resin film 18 is common to the measurement example 3, but the hardness of the alumite film 19 on the mating surface is different. If the alumite film 19 is too hard, problems of wear and sound occur, and if it is too soft, the minimum starting voltage is improved. This is because the frictional force increases because the relative relationship of hardness has changed. There is also a correlation between the elastic modulus and the motor characteristics (abnormal noise).
- the measurement examples 10 to 13 differ only in the weight ratio of the pigment 18b of the resin film 18.
- the pigment weight 18b When the pigment weight 18b is large, the resin film 18 becomes hard and abnormal noise is easily generated.
- the pigment weight 18b is small, wear is increased due to a decrease in strength of the resin film 18, and the maximum load torque is reduced.
- the weight of the polyamideimide resin 18a is 100, the added PTFE weight is 20 to 50, and the pigment weight is also 20 to 50, the desired holding torque and maximum torque are satisfied and the required power is reduced. It can be seen that this is preferable from the viewpoint of preventing abnormal noise and wear.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing the ultrasonic motor 20 of the second embodiment.
- the ultrasonic motor 20 of the second embodiment is provided in the lens barrel 3 of the camera 1 similar to the ultrasonic motor 10 of the first embodiment, and is used as a drive source for driving the lens 4 when performing a focusing operation. ing.
- the ultrasonic motor 20 transmits a driving force to a cam cylinder (not shown) via a gear (not shown), and drives the lens 4 held by the cam cylinder, which is different from the first embodiment. Different.
- the ultrasonic motor 20 of the second embodiment includes a vibrator 23, a moving body 25, an output shaft 28, a pressure unit 29, and the like.
- the vibrator 23 is a substantially ring-shaped member having an elastic body 22 and a piezoelectric body 21 joined to the elastic body 22.
- the vibrator 23 generates a traveling wave due to the expansion and contraction of the piezoelectric body 21.
- the elastic body 22 is a substantially ring-shaped member formed of stainless steel.
- the piezoelectric body 21 is joined to one surface, and a plurality of grooves are formed in the circumferential direction on the other surface.
- a comb tooth portion 22a is provided.
- the tip surface of the comb tooth portion 22a is a contact surface that is in pressure contact with the moving body 25, and the moving body 25 in contact with this surface is driven by a traveling wave.
- a resin film 31 is formed on the contact surface of the vibrator 23 with the moving body 25 in the same manner as the vibrator 13 shown in the first embodiment.
- the resin film 31 of the present embodiment is formed by applying a blend of 30 weight PTFE and 30 weight cobalt nickel pigment to 100 weight polyamideimide resin.
- the film thickness of the resin film 31 is 30 ⁇ m, and the surface roughness Rz (JIS B0601-2001) is 0.5 ⁇ m.
- the elastic body 22 has a flange-like flange portion 22b formed to extend in the radial direction on the inner peripheral side, and is supported by the support body 26 by the flange portion 22b.
- the piezoelectric body 21 has a function of converting electrical energy into mechanical energy.
- a piezoelectric element is used as the piezoelectric body 21 as in the first embodiment, but an electrostrictive element may be used.
- the piezoelectric body 21 expands and contracts by a drive signal supplied from a flexible printed circuit board 24 electrically connected to a predetermined electrode portion formed on the piezoelectric body 21, and causes the elastic body 22 to vibrate.
- a control device 208 Connected to the flexible printed circuit board 24 is a control device 208 that controls a camera equipped with the ultrasonic motor 20.
- the temperature sensor 209 is connected to the control device 208, and the frequency of the drive signal supplied to the piezoelectric body 21 is adjusted so that the rotation speed is constant according to the detection result of the temperature sensor 209. is doing.
- the moving body 25 is in pressure contact with the vibrator 23 and is rotationally driven by an elliptical motion caused by a traveling wave generated on the contact surface of the vibrator 23 (the tip surface of the comb tooth portion 22a).
- the moving body 25 is a member formed of a light metal such as aluminum.
- the moving body 25 is fitted to the output shaft 28.
- the moving body 25 of this embodiment is made of an aluminum alloy, and an alumite film layer 32 is formed on the contact surface of the moving body 25 with the vibrator 23. Therefore, the surface on which the moving body 25 and the vibrator 23 are in frictional contact has a form in which the alumite film layer 32 and the resin film 31 are in contact with each other.
- the output shaft 28 has a substantially cylindrical shape. One end of the output shaft 28 is fitted to the moving body 25 via the rubber member 30, and the other end is rotatable to the support 26 via the bearing 27. Is attached. The output shaft 28 rotates integrally with the moving body 25 and transmits the rotational motion of the moving body 25 to a driven member such as a gear (not shown).
- the pressurizing unit 29 is a mechanism that pressurizes the vibrator 23 and the moving body 25.
- the pressurizing unit 29 is disposed in contact with the spring 29a that generates a pressing force, the bearing 27, a press ring 29b that presses one end of the spring 29a, a press ring 29c that presses the other end of the spring 29a, and the output shaft 28.
- An E-ring 29d that is inserted into the formed groove i and regulates the position of the pressing ring 29c is provided.
- the ultrasonic motor 20 as shown in the present embodiment, by forming the resin film 31 on the frictional contact surface of the vibrator 23, the amount of wear is reduced, the noise is reduced, the durability is improved, and the driving performance is stabilized. And start-up characteristics can be improved.
- the ultrasonic motor 20 shown in the present embodiment is often manufactured as a small ultrasonic motor having a smaller diameter than the ultrasonic motor shown in the first embodiment, heat generation is a problem.
- the resin film 31 uses a pigment, it is excellent in heat dissipation.
- the polyamideimide resin has good adhesion of the coating film, it is possible to omit the primer treatment required for the epoxy resin film or the like.
- pigments such as not only this but carbon black, may be sufficient.
- the present invention may be applied to a vibration actuator in which the piezoelectric body and the moving body are in frictional contact without using an elastic body.
- a resin film may be formed on at least one of the contact surface of the piezoelectric body with respect to the moving body and the contact surface of the moving body with respect to the piezoelectric body.
- stainless steel is used as the material for forming the elastic bodies 12 and 22, but other iron-based materials may be used.
- various steel materials such as S15C, S55C, SCr445, and SNCM630 may be used, or phosphor bronze and an aluminum alloy may be used.
- the moving bodies 15 and 25 showed the example formed with an aluminum alloy, not only this but an iron-type material etc. may be used.
- various steel materials such as S15C, S55C, SCr445, and SNCM630 may be used.
- resin with high heat resistance such as a polyimide resin and PEEK (polyetherethertone) resin.
- the ultrasonic motor in which the moving bodies 15 and 25 are rotationally driven is shown, the present invention is not limited to this, and a linear drive type vibration actuator in which the moving body is driven in a linear direction may be used.
- a rotary (annular) ultrasonic motor in which the moving bodies 15 and 25 are driven to rotate is taken as an example.
- sticking becomes a problem. This is because, in many cases, a large effect can be obtained by applying the present invention.
- the ultrasonic motor using the vibration in the ultrasonic region has been described as an example.
- the present invention is not limited thereto, and may be applied to, for example, a vibration actuator that uses vibrations outside the ultrasonic region. .
- the ultrasonic motors 10 and 20 are used as drive sources for performing the focusing operation of the lens barrel of the camera.
- the present invention is not limited thereto. You may use for the drive source which performs.
- the ultrasonic motors 10 and 20 may be used for a driving source of a copying machine or the like, a steering wheel tilt device of an automobile, a driving unit of a headrest, or the like.
- transformation form can also be used in combination suitably, detailed description is abbreviate
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Abstract
Description
例えば、特許文献1には、ロータ部の駆動体とステータ部との従動面(すなわち、摩擦接触面)に熱硬化性樹脂膜を配置する手法が開示されている。
しかし、アルマイト皮膜と熱硬化性樹脂膜の硬度差により、耐久試験後に摩耗が発生し、起動特性が低下する揚合がある。また、熱硬化性樹脂の種類によっては、吸水率が高いために高温高湿環境下で変質して固着し、駆動が不可能になる揚合がある。
特許文献1に開示された手法では、ロータ部とステータ部の摺動面にアルマイト皮膜を設けている。アルマイト皮膜は酸化アルミニウムAl2O3という酸化皮膜を主成分とする膜で硬い。よって、摩擦駆動により相手の熱硬化性樹脂を破壊してしまう。破壊された熱硬化性樹脂の摩擦接触面は、脱落痕が発生する揚合がある。脱落痕が発生し、脱落した熱硬化性樹脂膜成分が相手材に移着することにより、振動アクチュエータを起動させることのできる最低電圧が上昇してしまう問題があった。
請求項2に記載の発明は、請求項1に記載の振動アクチュエータにおいて、前記熱硬化性樹脂膜は、インデント硬さが0.1~0.3GPaであること、を特徴とする振動アクチュエータ。
請求項3に記載の発明は、請求項1または請求項2に記載の振動アクチュエータにおいて、前記アルマイト皮膜は硬質アルマイトであること、を特徴とする振動アクチュエータ。
請求項4に記載の発明は、振動を発生する振動子と、前記振動子と加圧接触され、前記振動によって前記振動子に対して相対移動する相対移動部材と、を備え、前記振動子の前記相対移動部材に対する接触面と前記相対移動部材の前記振動子に対する接触面との少なくとも一方が、ポリアミドイミド樹脂とフッ素樹脂により形成された熱硬化性樹脂膜であり、他方がインデント硬さが20000~30000GPaの皮膜であること、を特徴とする振動アクチュエータ。
請求項5に記載の発明は、請求項4に記載の振動アクチュエータにおいて、前記熱硬化性樹脂膜は、インデント硬さが0.1~0.3GPaであること、を特徴とする振動アクチュエータ。
請求項6に記載の発明は、請求項4または請求項5に記載の振動アクチュエータにおいて、前記皮膜は、アルマイト皮膜であること、を特徴とする振動アクチュエータ。
請求項7に記載の発明は、請求項4から請求項6までのいずれか1項に記載の振動アクチュエータにおいて、前記アルマイト皮膜は硬質アルマイトであること、を特徴とする振動アクチュエータ。
請求項8に記載の発明は、請求項1から請求項7までのいずれか1項に記載の振動アクチュエータにおいて、前記熱硬化性樹脂膜は、顔料を含有すること、を特徴とする振動アクチュエータ。
請求項9に記載の発明は、請求項8に記載の振動アクチュエータにおいて、前記顔料は、硬度が15000~50000GPaであること、を特徴とする振動アクチュエータ。
請求項10に記載の発明は、請求項8または請求項9に記載の振動アクチュエータにおいて、前記顔料は前記ポリアミドイミド100に対し20~50(重量比)であること、
を特徴とする振動アクチュエータ。
請求項11に記載の発明は、請求項1から請求項10までのいずれか1項に記載の振動アクチュエータにおいて、前記熱硬化性樹脂膜の押し込み仕事率は、30%以下であること、を特徴とする振動アクチュエータ。
請求項12に記載の発明は、請求項1から請求項11までのいずれか1項に記載の振動アクチュエータにおいて、前記フッ素樹脂は前記ポリアミドイミド100に対し20~50(重量比)であること、を特徴とする振動アクチュエータ。
請求項13に記載の発明は、請求項1から請求項12までのいずれか1項に記載の振動アクチュエータを備えるレンズ鏡筒。
請求項14に記載の発明は、請求項1から請求項12までのいずれか1項に記載の振動アクチュエータを備えるカメラ。
図1は、第1実施形態のカメラ1を示す図である。
本実施形態のカメラ1は、撮像素子6を有するカメラボディ2と、レンズ鏡筒3とを備える。レンズ鏡筒3は、カメラボディ2に着脱可能な交換レンズである。なお、本実施形態のカメラ1は、レンズ鏡筒3が交換レンズである例を示すが、これに限らず、例えば、カメラボディと一体型のレンズ鏡筒であってもよい。
本実施形態の超音波モータ10は、圧電体11及び弾性体12を備える振動子13と、移動体15と、フレキシブルプリント基板14と、振動吸収材16と、支持体17等とを備えている。
圧電体11は、不図示の電極部が形成されている。圧電体11は、この電極部と電気的に接続されたフレキシブルプリント基板14から供給される駆動信号により伸縮し、弾性体12を励振する。
弾性体12は、略円環形状の部材であり、一方の面には導電性を有する接着剤等により圧電体11が接着され、他方の面には複数の溝12bを切って形成された櫛歯部12aが設けられている。
櫛歯部12aの先端面は、後述する移動体15と加圧接触する接触面であり、この面に発生する進行波によって移動体15が回転駆動される。この櫛歯部12aの先端面には、ポリアミドイミド樹脂を主原料とする樹脂膜18(図3参照)が形成されている。この樹脂膜18の詳細については後述する。
移動体15は、振動子13(弾性体12)に加圧接触され、進行波により摩擦駆動される。この移動体15の振動子13に対する接触面には、アルマイト皮膜層19(図3参照)が形成されている。
また、フレキシブルプリント基板14には、カメラ1の制御を行う制御装置108が接続されている。制御装置108には、温度センサ109が接続されており、温度センサ109の検知結果に応じて、超音波モータ10の回転数が一定となるように、圧電体11に供給する駆動信号の周波数を調整している。
弾性体12の移動体15との接触面(櫛歯部12aの先端面)には、樹脂膜18が設けられている。移動体15の弾性体12との接触面には、アルマイト皮膜層19が設けられている。従って、振動子13と移動体15とが摩擦接触する面は、樹脂膜18とアルマイト皮膜層19とが接触する形態となっている。
本実施形態の樹脂膜18には、ポリアミドイミド樹脂18cの重量100に対して、PTFE18aが重量比30、コバルトニッケル顔料18bが重量比30配合されている。
また、樹脂膜18は、表面を約10μm研磨して使用している。その際の表面粗さRz(JIS B0601-2001)は、0.5μm以下であり、研磨後の膜厚は、15μmである。
(1)樹脂膜18は、エポキシ樹脂等を用いた他の樹脂膜に比べて硬いので、移動体15(アルマイト皮膜層19)との接触面の耐摩耗性・耐塑性変形性を向上できる。
(2)樹脂膜18の剥離強度や振動子13(弾性体12)に対する密着性が向上し、樹脂膜18の耐久性が向上する。
(3)樹脂膜18の耐熱性が向上し、超音波モータ10の駆動時に発生する摩擦熱によって、樹脂膜18が変質することを防止できる。
(4)樹脂膜18の耐水性が向上し、空気中の水分によって樹脂膜18が化学的に変質することを防止できる。
また、顔料18bは、振動子13と移動体15との摩擦係数(すなわち、樹脂膜18とアルマイト皮膜層19との摩擦係数)を増大させ、保持トルクや最大負荷トルクを向上させる効果を有する。
まず、弾性体12の移動体15との接触面(櫛歯部12aの先端面)の脱脂処理を行う。このとき、更なる密着性向上のためにブラスト・エッチング等面を荒らす処理を行なってもよい。
ポリアミドイミド樹脂18cに、PTFE18a、コバルトニッケルの添加物と、N-メチルピロリドンを混合した溶液を作る。この溶液を弾性体12の摩擦接触面に塗布し、予備加熱ののち、250℃程度の高温下に20~60分聞放置して、乾燥硬化させる。硬化後、樹脂膜18の表面をグリーンカーボランダム等を用いて研磨して平坦にする。
樹脂膜18が形成された弾性体12に圧電体11を接合し、振動子13を形成する。振動子13の樹脂膜18と移動体15のアルマイト皮膜層19とが接触するように振動子13と移動体15とを配置し、各部材を組み立てる。これらの工程を経て、超音波モータ10が作製される。
押し込み仕事率も、荷重一押し込み深さ曲線から求めることができる。押し込み仕事率とは、「弾性変形による仕事量/(弾性変形による仕事量+塑性変形による仕事量)」である。
測定例1の超音波モータ10の樹脂膜18は、ポリアミドイミド100重量に対し、PTFEが60重量・コバルトニッケル顔料が30重量混合された樹脂膜により形成されている。測定例1の超音波モータの樹脂膜には、カーボン短繊維及びシリコンビーズ、アルミナ粒子は添加されていない。
測定例6~9の超音波モータ10の樹脂膜18は、測定例3と共通であるが、相対するアルマイト皮膜19の硬さが異なっている。
測定例10~13の超音波モータ10の樹脂膜18は、顔料18bの重量比が異なり、それに伴い樹脂膜18の硬さも異なっている。
測定例14の樹脂膜18は、主成分としてエポキシ樹脂を用いる点が異なる。測定例14は、測定例3と同一比率のPTFE18aと顔料18bが添加されている。
最低起動電圧とは、駆動可能な最低電圧であり、この値が小さいほど小電力で駆動が可能となる。1.0以下であれば超音波モータ10としては許容範囲内である。
異音発生回転数とは、超音波モータ10を所定の駆動条件下で駆動した場合の異音が発生する最小の回転数を調べたものである。通常、超音波モータ10は、異音発生回転数以上の回転数で異音が発生するため、異音発生回転数がなるべく大きいものが好ましい。
樹脂膜18の脱落痕とは、上記の50000回転させた場合に発生する、深さ2μm以上の樹脂膜成分の剥離痕である。剥離痕が発生すると駆動が不安定なため剥離痕は無いことが望ましい。
まず、比較例(測定例14)の超音波モータ10では、異音は発生しないが、その他の性能(保持トルク、最大トルク、最低起動電圧、摩耗痕・脱落痕)に関しては改善の余地のあるものである。
一方PTFE重量が少ないと、その摩擦係数が大きくなり、起動特性等が悪化する。
測定例6~9は、測定例3と樹脂膜18は共通だが、相手面のアルマイト皮膜19の硬さが異なる。アルマイト皮膜19が硬すぎると、摩耗や音の問題が発生し、軟らかすぎると最低起動電圧が向上してしまう。これは、硬さの相対関係が変化したため、摩擦力が上がるためである。弾性率とモータ特性(異音)も相関がある。
顔料重量18bが多いと、樹脂膜18が硬くなり、異音が出やすくなる。
顔料重量18bが少ないと、樹脂膜18の強度低下により、摩耗が増え、最大負荷トルクが小さくなる。
図5は、第2実施形態の超音波モータ20を示す断面図である。
第2実施形態の超音波モータ20は、第1実施形態の超音波モータ10と同様のカメラ1のレンズ鏡筒3に設けられ、フォーカス動作を行なう際のレンズ4を駆動する駆動源として用いられている。この超音波モータ20は、不図示のギアを介して駆動力を不図示のカム筒に伝え、このカム筒に保持されるレンズ4を駆動する形態となっている点が第1実施形態とは異なる。
振動子23は、弾性体22と、弾性体22に接合された圧電体21等を有する略円環形状の部材である。この振動子23は、圧電体21の伸縮により進行波が発生する。
弾性体22は、ステンレス鋼により形成された略円環形状の部材であり、一方の面には圧電体21が接合され、もう一方の面には周方向に複数の溝を切って形成された櫛歯部22aが設けられている。この櫛歯部22aの先端面は、移動体25に加圧接触される接触面であり、この面に接する移動体25を進行波によって駆動する。
圧電体21は、電気エネルギーを機械エネルギーに変換する機能を有する。本実施形態では、第1実施形態と同様に、圧電体21として、圧電素子を用いているが、電歪素子を用いてもよい。この圧電体21は、圧電体21に形成された所定の電極部と電気的に接続されたフレキシブルプリント基板24から供給される駆動信号により伸縮し、弾性体22に振動を生じさせる。
移動体25は、アルミニウム等の軽金属により形成された部材である。移動体25は、出力軸28に嵌合している。本実施形態の移動体25は、アルミニウム合金によって形成され、移動体25の振動子23との接触面にアルマイト皮膜層32が形成されている。
従って、移動体25と振動子23とが摩擦接触する面は、アルマイト皮膜層32と樹脂膜31とが接する形態となっている。
以上説明した実施形態に限定されることなく、種々の変形や変更が可能である。
さらに、弾性体を使用せずに、圧電体と移動体とが摩擦接触する形態の振動アクチュエータに適用してもよい。この場合、圧電体の移動体に対する接触面、移動体の圧電体に対する接触面の少なくとも一方に樹脂膜を形成すればよい。
なお、実施形態及び変形形態は、適宜組み合わせて用いることもできるが、詳細な説明は省略する。また、本発明は以上説明した実施形態によって限定されることはない。
Claims (14)
- 振動を発生する振動子と、
前記振動子と加圧接触され、前記振動によって前記振動子に対して相対移動する相対移動部材と、を備え、
前記振動子の前記相対移動部材に対する接触面と前記相対移動部材の前記振動子に対する接触面との少なくとも一方が、ポリアミドイミド樹脂とフッ素樹脂により形成された熱硬化性樹脂膜であり、他方がアルマイト皮膜であること、
を特徴とする振動アクチュエータ。 - 請求項1に記載の振動アクチュエータにおいて、
前記熱硬化性樹脂膜は、インデント硬さが0.1~0.3GPaであること、
を特徴とする振動アクチュエータ。 - 請求項1または請求項2に記載の振動アクチュエータにおいて、
前記アルマイト皮膜は硬質アルマイトであること、
を特徴とする振動アクチュエータ。 - 振動を発生する振動子と、
前記振動子と加圧接触され、前記振動によって前記振動子に対して相対移動する相対移動部材と、を備え、
前記振動子の前記相対移動部材に対する接触面と前記相対移動部材の前記振動子に対する接触面との少なくとも一方が、ポリアミドイミド樹脂とフッ素樹脂により形成された熱硬化性樹脂膜であり、他方がインデント硬さが20000~30000GPaの皮膜であること、
を特徴とする振動アクチュエータ。 - 請求項4に記載の振動アクチュエータにおいて、
前記熱硬化性樹脂膜は、インデント硬さが0.1~0.3GPaであること、
を特徴とする振動アクチュエータ。 - 請求項4または請求項5に記載の振動アクチュエータにおいて、
前記皮膜は、アルマイト皮膜であること、
を特徴とする振動アクチュエータ。 - 請求項4から請求項6までのいずれか1項に記載の記載の振動アクチュエータにおいて、
前記アルマイト皮膜は硬質アルマイトであること、
を特徴とする振動アクチュエータ。 - 請求項1から請求項7までのいずれか1項に記載の振動アクチュエータにおいて、
前記熱硬化性樹脂膜は、顔料を含有すること、
を特徴とする振動アクチュエータ。 - 請求項8に記載の振動アクチュエータにおいて、
前記顔料は、硬度が15000~50000GPaであること、
を特徴とする振動アクチュエータ。 - 請求項8または請求項9に記載の振動アクチュエータにおいて、
前記顔料は前記ポリアミドイミド100に対し20~50(重量比)であること、
を特徴とする振動アクチュエータ。 - 請求項1から請求項10までのいずれか1項に記載の振動アクチュエータにおいて、
前記熱硬化性樹脂膜の押し込み仕事率は、30%以下であること、
を特徴とする振動アクチュエータ。 - 請求項1から請求項11までのいずれか1項に記載の振動アクチュエータにおいて、
前記フッ素樹脂は前記ポリアミドイミド100に対し20~50(重量比)であること、
を特徴とする振動アクチュエータ。 - 請求項1から請求項12までのいずれか1項に記載の振動アクチュエータを備えるレンズ鏡筒。
- 請求項1から請求項12までのいずれか1項に記載の振動アクチュエータを備えるカメラ。
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CN2011800087832A CN102754328A (zh) | 2010-02-08 | 2011-02-08 | 振动促动器、具有该振动促动器的透镜镜筒及照相机 |
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FR2992120B1 (fr) * | 2012-06-15 | 2014-07-18 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Actionneur pour moteur ultrasonique et moteur ultrasonique comportant au moins un tel actionneur |
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JP2023020141A (ja) * | 2021-07-30 | 2023-02-09 | キヤノン株式会社 | 振動型アクチュエータ、および電子機器 |
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US9401666B2 (en) | 2016-07-26 |
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