WO2011096032A1 - 電源装置 - Google Patents
電源装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2011096032A1 WO2011096032A1 PCT/JP2010/006697 JP2010006697W WO2011096032A1 WO 2011096032 A1 WO2011096032 A1 WO 2011096032A1 JP 2010006697 W JP2010006697 W JP 2010006697W WO 2011096032 A1 WO2011096032 A1 WO 2011096032A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- molded body
- power supply
- supply device
- electrode
- positive electrode
- Prior art date
Links
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Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/64—Heating or cooling; Temperature control characterised by the shape of the cells
- H01M10/643—Cylindrical cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
- H01M10/6551—Surfaces specially adapted for heat dissipation or radiation, e.g. fins or coatings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
- H01M50/112—Monobloc comprising multiple compartments
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
- H01M10/625—Vehicles
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
- H01M10/6556—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange
- H01M10/6557—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange arranged between the cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/116—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material
- H01M50/117—Inorganic material
- H01M50/119—Metals
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a power supply device and a manufacturing method thereof.
- a large current is required to drive a driving motor such as a hybrid vehicle.
- a driving motor such as a hybrid vehicle
- the current required when driving a running motor at the time of starting or accelerating is as large as 100 A or more.
- a power supply device for supplying a large current a power supply device including a secondary battery having a high energy density is known.
- a power supply device in which a plurality of single cells such as a nickel-hydrogen battery, a nickel-cadmium battery, and a lithium ion battery are connected is known (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2).
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 include a plurality of connected unit cells and a holder for fixing the unit cells.
- the material of the holder is, for example, plastic.
- a power supply device having a plurality of connected single cells can supply a current as long as other single cells function even if a problem occurs in one single cell.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a power supply device 1 disclosed in Patent Document 3.
- the power supply device 1 includes a molded body 10 having a plurality of unit cell accommodation holes 11 and a unit cell 20 accommodated in the unit cell accommodation hole 11. Further, the molded body 10 has a refrigerant flow path 13 through which a refrigerant for cooling the molded body 10 flows.
- the molded body 10 is made of a material having high thermal conductivity such as aluminum.
- the heat of the unit cell 20 generated during use of the power supply device 1 is transmitted to the molded body 10, and heat is transmitted from each unit cell 20. Stolen. For this reason, the unit cell 20 is cooled and the temperature of the unit cell 20 is prevented from rising. The heat transmitted to the molded body 10 is transmitted to the refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant flow path 13 and released to the outside.
- FIG. 2 shows an enlarged view of the region X of the power supply device 1 shown in FIG.
- the diameter of the battery accommodation hole 11 is set larger than the diameter of the unit cell 20. Therefore, when the unit cell 20 is accommodated in the battery accommodation hole 11, a gap G is generated between the unit cell 20 and the inner wall of the battery accommodation hole 11 as shown in FIG. 2.
- the gap G is formed between the unit cell 20 and the inner wall of the battery housing hole 11
- the air between the unit cell 20 and the wall of the battery housing hole 11 functions as a heat insulating material, and the heat of the unit cell 20. Is not transmitted to the body. For this reason, heat remains in the unit cell 20 and the temperature of the unit cell 20 rises.
- FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view of the power supply device disclosed in Patent Document 4.
- the power supply device 1 has four housing holes 11, and includes a conductive molded body 10 made of aluminum or the like, and four electrode groups 21 housed in the housing holes 11. Moreover, the inside of the molded object 10 becomes a cavity in order to let cooling air pass. Further, in the power supply device 1 shown in FIG. 3, the electrode groups 21 are connected in series by the side plates 31 and 33.
- the electrode group 21 is made of a conductive molded body 10 so that the positive electrode and the negative electrode are not short-circuited. It is necessary to insulate from. For this reason, it is necessary to cover the outer periphery of the electrode group 21 accommodated in the accommodation hole 11 with an insulating separator or a seal.
- This invention is made in view of this point, and it aims at providing the power supply device which can suppress the performance fall and thermal runaway by a temperature rise.
- the inventor directly accommodates the electrode group and the electrolyte (hereinafter also simply referred to as “unit”) in the accommodation hole of the molded body, and brings the positive electrode or the negative electrode of the electrode group into contact with the molded body.
- unit the electrolyte
- this invention relates to the power supply device shown below.
- a molded body having two or more independent accommodation holes, a positive electrode and a negative electrode having a current collector and a mixture layer disposed on the current collector, and a separator sandwiched between the positive electrode and the negative electrode
- a power supply device comprising: an electrode group housed in each of the housing holes; and an electrolyte solution housed in each of the housing holes.
- the power supply apparatus wherein the electrolytic solution and the negative electrode or the positive electrode are in contact with the molded body.
- the positive electrode or the negative electrode of the electrode group having high thermal conductivity is brought into contact with the molded body, the heat of the unit is easily transmitted to the molded body. Therefore, each unit is efficiently cooled, and performance degradation and thermal runaway due to temperature rise can be suppressed.
- a perspective view of a conventional power supply device Enlarged view of conventional power supply Exploded perspective view of a conventional power supply device
- the perspective view of the power supply device of Embodiment 1 Front view of power supply apparatus according to Embodiment 1
- the perspective view of the electrode group of Embodiment 1 Sectional drawing of the electrode group of Embodiment 1
- Sectional drawing of the power supply device of Embodiment 1 The figure which shows the preparation methods of a molded object
- the present invention relates to a power supply device capable of supplying a large current by connecting a plurality of secondary batteries (units).
- the power supply device of this invention has 1) a molded object, 2) an electrode group, and 3) electrolyte solution.
- the power supply device of the present invention is characterized in that an electrode group and an electrolyte solution that are not accommodated in a case are directly accommodated in a molded body, and a positive electrode or a negative electrode is brought into direct contact with the molded body.
- the positive electrode or the negative electrode having high conductivity is in direct contact with the molded body, whereby the heat of the unit can be efficiently transmitted to the molded body, and the unit can be prevented from being heated to a high temperature.
- a molded body is a member for accommodating an electrode group and an electrolytic solution described later.
- the molded body may be conductive or non-conductive.
- the molded body has a plurality of independent receiving holes.
- independent means that the receiving holes do not communicate with each other (liquid junction).
- the accommodation hole provided in the molded body may penetrate the molded body (see FIG. 10) or may not penetrate (see FIG. 14).
- the shape of the accommodation hole is not particularly limited.
- the accommodation hole may be prismatic or cylindrical.
- the number of the accommodation holes is appropriately selected according to the number of electrode groups accommodated in the molded body, that is, the output of the power supply device, and is usually 10 to 40.
- Each accommodation hole accommodates an electrode group and an electrolytic solution described later.
- the electrode group and the electrolyte accommodated in the accommodation hole of the molded body function as a secondary battery such as a nickel-hydrogen battery, a nickel-cadmium battery, a lithium ion battery, a lithium air battery, or an air zinc battery.
- the electrode group and the electrolytic solution that are accommodated in one hole of the molded body and function as a secondary battery are also referred to as “units” hereinafter. Therefore, in the present invention, the molded body has a plurality of units.
- the shape of the accommodation hole is appropriately selected depending on the shape of the electrode group to be accommodated.
- the accommodation hole is also cylindrical; when the electrode group is a prism, the accommodation hole is also prismatic.
- the accommodation hole is a prism (for example, a quadrangular prism)
- the contact area between the unit and the molded body is increased as compared with the case where the shape of the accommodation hole is a cylinder. For this reason, when the accommodation hole is a prism, the molded body can efficiently remove heat from the unit.
- the material of the molded body preferably has a high thermal conductivity. More specifically, the thermal conductivity of the material of the molded body is preferably 1 W / mK or more, and particularly preferably 50 W / mK or more.
- the material of the molded body include aluminum, magnesium, iron, nickel, carbon, and alloys thereof. In particular, an aluminum alloy such as A6063 is preferable as a material of the molded body because of its high thermal conductivity and easy molding.
- the material of the molded body may be a resin in which carbon nanotubes, carbon graphite, and the like are dispersed.
- the molded body Since the molded body has high thermal conductivity as described above, it has a high heat dissipation rate. Moreover, in this invention, you may further raise the heat dissipation rate of a molded object by forming a radiation fin in a molded object (refer FIG. 5, FIG. 6) or forming a refrigerant
- the molded body may further incorporate a heater. Since the molded body has a heater, the power supply device can be used even in cold weather. Moreover, the molded object may have the hole for adjusting the heat capacity of a molded object other than an accommodation hole (refer FIG. 5, code
- the method for producing the molded body is not particularly limited, but for example, extrusion molding is preferable.
- Extrusion molding is a method of molding the shape of a material by extruding a heated billet through a die mold (see FIG. 11C). According to extrusion molding, a molded body can be produced at low cost. A member produced by extrusion molding is also referred to as an extruded profile.
- Electrode group is comprised by winding the laminated body which consists of a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and the separator arrange
- the electrode group may be columnar or prismatic as long as it is columnar.
- the present invention is characterized in that the electrode group is directly accommodated in the accommodation hole of the molded body. Therefore, in this invention, an electrode group contacts a molded object directly.
- Each electrode group accommodated in the accommodation hole of the molded body may be connected in series or in parallel, but is preferably connected in parallel. This is because, when the electrode groups (units) are connected in parallel, even if one unit does not operate, if other units operate, current can be supplied, and the reliability of the power supply device increases. On the other hand, when the electrode groups are connected in series, the molded body is required to be non-conductive so that the positive electrode and the negative electrode are not short-circuited.
- the positive electrode has a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode mixture layer disposed on the positive electrode current collector.
- the negative electrode has a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode mixture layer disposed on the negative electrode current collector.
- the positive electrode current collector and the negative electrode current collector are electrode substrates that hold the positive electrode mixture layer or the negative electrode mixture layer and have a current collecting function.
- the positive electrode current collector and the negative electrode current collector are appropriately selected from metal foils such as aluminum foil, copper foil, and nickel foil, depending on the type of unit.
- the positive electrode current collector is an aluminum foil and the negative electrode current collector is a copper foil.
- an aluminum foil or aluminum alloy foil having a thickness of 5 to 30 ⁇ m is used as the positive electrode current collector, and a copper foil having a thickness of 5 to 25 ⁇ m is often used as the negative electrode current collector.
- the positive electrode mixture layer is a layer formed by binding positive electrode active material particles with a binder.
- the binder binds between the current collector and the active material and between the active materials.
- the positive electrode mixture layer includes a conductive material and may further include other substances. Further, the positive electrode mixture layer is generally disposed on both surfaces of the positive electrode current collector as shown in FIG.
- Material of the positive electrode active material particles for example, lithium cobalt oxide, lithium nickel oxide, lithium transition metal oxides such as lithium manganate and, FeS, transition metal sulfides such as TiS 2, polyaniline, organic compounds such as polypyrrole, These compounds are partially substituted with elements.
- the average particle diameter of the positive electrode active material particles is 1 to 100 ⁇ m.
- the material of the binder is not particularly limited, and is, for example, a thermoplastic resin such as a resin containing a fluorine atom or a rubber particle binder having an acrylate unit.
- a thermoplastic resin such as a resin containing a fluorine atom or a rubber particle binder having an acrylate unit.
- the resin containing a fluorine atom include polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF), a modified polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and the like.
- the binder material may further contain an acrylate monomer or an acrylate oligomer into which a reactive functional group has been introduced.
- Examples of the conductive material include acetylene black, ketjen black, channel black, furnace black, carbon black such as lamp black and thermal black, and various graphites.
- the negative electrode mixture layer is a layer formed by binding negative electrode active material particles with a binder.
- the negative electrode mixture layer contains a conductive material and may further contain other substances.
- the negative mix layer is generally arrange
- the material of the negative electrode active material is, for example, a carbon-based active material such as graphite or coke, a silicon-based composite material such as metal lithium, lithium transition metal nitride, or silicide.
- a carbon-based active material such as graphite or coke
- a silicon-based composite material such as metal lithium, lithium transition metal nitride, or silicide.
- the binder material contained in the negative electrode mixture layer include polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and modified products thereof, styrene-butadiene copolymer rubber particles (SBR) and modified products thereof, and the like.
- the conductive material contained in the negative electrode mixture layer may be the same as the conductive material contained in the positive electrode mixture layer.
- the separator is a member that insulates the positive electrode and the negative electrode and ensures ionic conductivity between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
- the material of the separator is not particularly limited as long as it is a stable material when the power supply device is used, and is, for example, an insulating polymer porous film.
- the separator is, for example, inorganic particles such as alumina silica, magnesium oxide, titanium oxide, zirconia, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyacrylonitrile, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyimide.
- the thickness of the separator is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 10 to 25 ⁇ m.
- the present invention is characterized in that either the negative electrode or the positive electrode in the electrode group is in contact with the molded body. Therefore, for example, when the molded body is conductive, either the negative electrode or the positive electrode is electrically connected to the molded body. For this reason, when a molded object is electroconductive, a molded object functions as a positive electrode or a negative electrode, and each electrode group is connected in parallel.
- the side surface of the columnar electrode group is covered with either the negative electrode or the positive electrode (see FIG. 7A).
- the separator with low thermal conductivity but the electrode with high thermal conductivity comes into contact with the molded body, whereby the heat of the electrode group is easily transferred to the molded body.
- the negative electrode or positive electrode current collector is not the negative electrode or positive electrode mixture layer that contacts the molded body. Therefore, the side surface of the columnar electrode group is preferably covered with either the negative electrode or the positive electrode current collector.
- the current collector having a higher thermal conductivity than the mixture layer is in contact with the molded body, the heat of the electrode group is easily transmitted to the molded body smoothly. If the positive or negative electrode mixture layer having a relatively low strength is exposed on the side surface of the electrode group, the electrodes of the electrode group may be damaged when the current collector is inserted into the molded body.
- Electrolytic solution contains a solvent and an electrolyte. As described above, the present invention is characterized in that the electrolytic solution is directly accommodated in the accommodation hole of the molded body. Therefore, in this invention, electrolyte solution contacts a molded object.
- Solvent is appropriately selected depending on the type of unit.
- the solvent is a non-aqueous solvent.
- non-aqueous solvents include ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ⁇ -butyrolactone, sulfolane, acetonitrile, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, 1,3-dimethoxypropane, diethyl ether , Tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, ⁇ -butyrolactone, and the like.
- These nonaqueous solvents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the solvent is water.
- the electrolyte is also appropriately selected depending on the type of unit.
- the electrolyte include lithium perchlorate (LiClO 4 ), lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF 6 ), lithium borofluoride (LiBF 4 ), lithium arsenic hexafluoride ( LiAsF 6 ), lithium trifluorometasulfonate (LiCF 3 SO 3 ), lithium bistrifluoromethylsulfonylimide lithium [LiN (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 ] and the like are included.
- examples of the electrolyte include potassium hydroxide.
- the power supply device of the present invention further includes a sealing plate that closes the accommodation hole of the molded body (see FIGS. 10 and 13).
- the sealing plate may be provided with an explosion-proof valve for releasing the pressure when the pressure in the unit increases due to heat generation (see FIG. 10).
- the power supply device of the present invention may have a temperature adjustment mechanism including a temperature sensor and a heater or a cooler.
- the temperature adjustment mechanism can prevent the power supply device from becoming too hot or too cold.
- the voltage of the power supply device thus formed is usually 1.2 to 3.7 V and the capacity is 25 to 120 Ah. If a larger voltage or output is required, a plurality of power supply devices of the present invention may be connected. For example, in an automobile power supply device that requires a large current, 14 modules in which seven power supply devices of the present invention are connected in series are connected in parallel.
- each unit is discharged and current is supplied. At this time, part of the energy provided by each unit is converted into heat. Therefore, each unit generates heat while the power supply device is in use. When the heat generated by the unit stays in the unit, the temperature of the unit increases and the performance of the unit decreases.
- the unit is directly accommodated in the accommodation hole of the molded body, and the negative electrode or the positive electrode having high thermal conductivity is in contact with the molded body. For this reason, the heat of a unit is efficiently transmitted to a molded object. Thereby, the heat of the unit is quickly taken away by the molded body, and the unit is efficiently cooled.
- the heat transferred from the unit to the compact is released to the outside of the compact.
- the heat dissipation rate of the molded body is high, the heat transferred to the molded body is quickly released to the outside, and the molded body itself does not reach a high temperature.
- the heat capacity of the power supply device of the present invention is preferably large. Specifically, the heat capacity of the power supply device of the present invention is preferably 475 J / K or more. In order to adjust the heat capacity of the power supply device, the mass of the molded body may be increased or the number of units may be increased. The heat capacity of one unit is about 35 J / K. For example, if the mass of the molded body made of aluminum is 480 g or more and the number of units is 10 or more, a power supply device having a high output per unit volume and a large heat capacity can be obtained. Hereinafter, an advantage of the large heat capacity of the power supply device will be described.
- thermal runaway means a phenomenon in which temperature cannot be controlled due to positive feedback that heat generation causes heat generation. Specifically, in thermal runaway, oxygen is released by the decomposition of the positive electrode, and further heat is generated by the oxidative decomposition of the electrolytic solution. In the case of a lithium ion battery, normally, when the temperature of the battery exceeds about 150 ° C., there is a risk of thermal runaway.
- the heat capacity of the power supply device of the present invention is as large as 475 J / K or more as described above, the positive electrode and negative electrode of one unit are short-circuited, and the energy of the unit is converted into heat.
- the heat of the unit can be absorbed by the entire power supply device, and the power supply device can be prevented from reaching 150 ° C. or higher, and the occurrence of thermal runaway can be suppressed.
- FIG. 4 is a perspective view of power supply device 100 according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a front view of power supply device 100 according to the first embodiment.
- the power supply device 100 includes a molded body 110 and a unit 120. Furthermore, the power supply device 100 includes a positive electrode sealing plate 130 and a negative electrode sealing plate 140 (see FIG. 10).
- the molded body 110 is a conductive member made of, for example, aluminum.
- the molded body 110 has a plurality of receiving holes 111.
- the accommodation hole 111 passes through the molded body 110.
- the unit 120 is accommodated in the accommodation hole 111.
- the dimensions of the molded body 110 are not particularly limited.
- the length L is 140 to 180 mm; the depth W is 50 to 90 mm; and the height H is 40 to 80 mm (see FIG. 4).
- the diameter ⁇ of the accommodation hole is 10 to 30 mm (see FIG. 5).
- the molded body 110 has a plurality of heat radiation fins 113 (see FIGS. 4 and 5).
- FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 show an example in which the molded body 110 has a plate-like heat radiation fin
- the molded body 110 may have a rod-shaped heat radiation fin 113 as shown in FIG. 6A. Since the rod-shaped heat radiation fin has a larger surface area than the plate-shaped heat radiation fin, the heat dissipation rate of the molded body 110 can be further improved. Further, as shown in FIG. 6B, the surface area of the radiating fin 113 may be increased by providing a plurality of protrusions 117 on the radiating fin 113.
- the molded body 110 has a plurality of holes 115 (see FIGS. 4 and 5).
- the hole 115 may be hollow, but a nichrome rod may be inserted.
- the nichrome rod inserted into the hole 115 can function as a heater for warming the power supply device when cold.
- the inside of the hole 115 may be filled with water, gel, carbon, iron, copper, or the like. Further, the hole 115 may function as a coolant channel.
- the unit 120 is accommodated in the accommodation hole 111 and includes an electrode group 121 and an electrolytic solution 123 (see FIG. 10).
- FIG. 7A is a perspective view of the electrode group 121. As shown in FIG. 7A, the electrode group 121 has a cylindrical shape. The side surface of the electrode group 121 is covered with the positive electrode 161. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the positive electrode 161 contacts the molded body 110 and is electrically connected to the molded body 110.
- FIG. 7B is an exploded perspective view of the electrode group 121.
- the electrode group 121 is configured by winding a laminate of a sheet-like positive electrode 161, a sheet-like separator 163, and a sheet-like negative electrode 165.
- FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view taken along the alternate long and short dash line A of the positive electrode 161, the separator 163, and the negative electrode 165.
- the positive electrode 161 is composed of a current collector 161a and a mixture layer 161b that sandwiches the current collector 161a
- the negative electrode 165 is a mixture that sandwiches the current collector 165a and the current collector 165a.
- Layer 165b is a cross-sectional view taken along the alternate long and short dash line A of the positive electrode 161, the separator 163, and the negative electrode 165.
- the current collector 161 a of the positive electrode 161 is longer than the separator 163 and the negative electrode 165.
- the side surface of the electrode group 121 can be constituted by the current collector 161a of the positive electrode 161, and heat conduction is higher than that of the mixture layer.
- the current collector 161 a of the positive electrode 161 having a high rate can be brought into contact with the molded body 110.
- one end of the electrode group 121 is protected by a cap, an insulating tape 167, or the like.
- the end of the electrode group 121 to be protected is preferably the tip in the insertion direction when the electrode group 121 is inserted into the molded body 110. Thereby, when inserting the electrode group 121 in the molded object 110, it can prevent that an electrode is damaged.
- FIGS. 9A to 9D wrap one end of the electrode group 121 with the insulating tape 167 (FIGS. 9A to 9C). Then, the insulating tape 167 that protrudes beyond the electrode group 121 may be folded (FIGS. 9C and 9D).
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view taken along one-dot chain line A of the power supply apparatus 100 shown in FIG.
- the electrode group 121 and the electrolytic solution 123 are in contact with the molded body 110.
- the unit 120 also has an insulating plate 129 that prevents a short circuit between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
- the accommodation hole 111 in which the unit 120 is accommodated is closed by the positive electrode sealing plate 130 and the negative electrode sealing plate 140.
- the positive electrode sealing plate 130 has a positive electrode terminal 131, an explosion-proof valve 133, and an electrolyte supply hole 135.
- the positive electrode sealing plate 130 is preferably connected to the positive electrode lead 125 extending from the positive electrode of the electrode group 121, but the positive electrode lead 125 may not be provided.
- the positive electrode 161 of the electrode group is in direct contact with the molded body 110, the positive electrode 161 and the positive electrode sealing plate 130 connected to the molded body 110 are electrically connected even if there is no lead. Because.
- the negative electrode sealing plate 140 has a negative electrode terminal 141 and a gasket 143.
- the gasket 143 insulates the negative electrode terminal 141.
- the negative electrode terminal 141 is connected to a negative electrode lead 127 extending from the negative electrode of the electrode group 121.
- the negative electrode lead 127 is made of nickel, for example.
- the electrode group 121 is directly accommodated in the molded body 110, and the current collector 161a of the positive electrode 161 having a high thermal conductivity is in contact with the molded body 110. For this reason, when the power supply apparatus 100 is used, the heat of the unit 120 is taken away by the molded body 110 and the unit 120 is efficiently cooled. For this reason, according to this Embodiment, the fall of the performance of a unit and the thermal runaway by a temperature rise can be suppressed.
- the unit 120 since the unit 120 is directly accommodated in the molded body 110, there are few members that interpose the electrode terminal and the electrode group that actually generates electric power. For this reason, an electric current can be taken out from the unit 120 without loss.
- a conventional power supply device in which a unit cell having an electrode group and an electrolytic solution, and a case containing the electrode group and the electrolytic solution is inserted into a molded body (see Patent Document 3), between the electrode group and the electrode terminal, Since a member such as a case is interposed, current may be lost.
- the manufacturing method of the power supply device 100 includes, for example, 1) a first step of preparing the molded body 110 (see FIGS. 11A to 11C), and 2) a second step of inserting the electrode group 121 into the accommodation hole 111 of the molded body 110. (FIG. 12A), 3) a third step (FIG. 12B) for closing the accommodation hole 111 with a sealing plate, and 4) a fourth step for injecting the electrolyte 123 into the accommodation hole 111 from the electrolyte supply hole 135 (FIG. 12C). And).
- a first step of preparing the molded body 110 see FIGS. 11A to 11C
- a second step of inserting the electrode group 121 into the accommodation hole 111 of the molded body 110 FIG. 12A
- 3) a third step for closing the accommodation hole 111 with a sealing plate
- 4) a fourth step for injecting the electrolyte 123 into the accommodation hole 111 from the electrolyte supply hole 135 FIG. 12C
- the molded body 110 is prepared.
- the molded body 110 may be produced by extrusion molding.
- a method for producing a molded body by extrusion molding includes, for example, a step of inserting an aluminum billet 150 heated to an appropriate temperature into a container 151 of a pressure vessel (see FIG. 11A), and a die 155 with the inserted aluminum billet 150 by a press 153. Pushing in the direction (see FIG. 11B and FIG. 11C).
- the temperature of the aluminum billet 150 inserted into the container 151 is preferably about 400 ° C.
- the aluminum billet 150 is pushed out of the die hole 157 by pushing the aluminum billet 150 in the direction of the die 155 with the push platen 153 (see FIG. 11B), and a molded body 110 having a desired shape is produced (see FIG. 11C).
- FIG. 12A shows the second step.
- the electrode group 121 is inserted into the accommodation hole 111 of the molded body 110.
- the electrode group 121 includes a positive electrode lead 125 and a negative electrode lead 127.
- a positive electrode sealing plate 130 may be connected in advance to the positive electrode lead 125
- a negative electrode sealing plate 140 may be connected in advance to the negative electrode lead 127.
- the side surface of the electrode group 121 is covered with the positive electrode 161 in the present embodiment, when the electrode group 121 is inserted into the accommodation hole 111 of the molded body 110, the tip in the insertion direction of the positive electrode 161 is There is a risk of injury.
- the distal end portion of the electrode group 121 in the insertion direction with the insulating tape 167 (see FIG. 7A)
- the distal end of the positive electrode 161 in the insertion direction is inserted when the electrode group 121 is inserted. Damage can be suppressed.
- the side surface of the electrode group 121 is covered with a current collector having a relatively high strength, not a mixture layer with a low strength. For this reason, the positive electrode 161 is harder to be damaged.
- FIG. 12B shows the third step.
- the positive electrode sealing plate 130 and the negative electrode sealing plate 140 are connected to the molded body 110 and the accommodation hole 111 is closed.
- means for connecting the sealing plate to the molded body include laser welding, caulking, coining, ultrasonic welding, thermal welding, brazing, pressing, friction bonding and screwing.
- the sealing plate is preferably joined to the molded body 110 by laser welding.
- FIG. 12C shows the fourth step.
- the electrolytic solution 123 is injected from the electrolytic solution supply hole 135 of the positive electrode sealing plate 130. Thereafter, the electrolytic solution supply hole 135 is closed with the explosion-proof valve 133, whereby the power supply device 100 of the first embodiment is manufactured.
- Embodiment 2 In Embodiment 1, the mode in which each positive electrode sealing plate is independent has been described. In the second embodiment, a mode in which the power supply device has one positive electrode sealing plate that closes all the accommodation holes will be described.
- FIG. 13 is an exploded perspective view of the power supply apparatus 200 according to the second embodiment.
- the power supply apparatus 200 is the same as the power supply apparatus 100 of Embodiment 1 shown in FIG. 4 except that the positive electrode sealing plate is connected.
- Constituent members that are the same as those of power supply device 100 according to Embodiment 1 are assigned the same reference numerals, and descriptions thereof are omitted.
- the power supply device 200 has a single positive electrode sealing plate 240.
- the positive electrode sealing board 240 is not divided for every unit 120, a number of parts is few and a power supply device can be manufactured more simply.
- Embodiment 3 In Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2, the form in which the accommodation hole penetrates the molded body has been described. In Embodiment 3, a mode in which the accommodation hole does not penetrate the molded body will be described.
- FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of the power supply device 300 according to the third embodiment.
- the power supply device 300 is the same as the power supply device 100 of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 10 except that the shape of the accommodation hole 211 is different.
- Constituent members that are the same as those of power supply device 100 according to Embodiment 1 are assigned the same reference numerals, and descriptions thereof are omitted.
- the power supply device 300 includes a molded body 210 and a sealing plate 230.
- the molded body 210 has an accommodation hole 211.
- the accommodation hole 211 does not penetrate the molded body 210.
- Such a molded body 210 can be molded by impact molding, for example.
- the sealing plate 230 has a negative electrode terminal 231.
- the negative terminal 231 is connected to the negative lead 127.
- the negative electrode terminal 231 is insulated by the gasket 233.
- the power supply device can be more easily manufactured.
- the power supply device of the present invention can be suitably used as a power supply device for vehicles such as forklifts, hybrid cars, and electric vehicles, a backup power supply for electronic devices, and a storage battery device for home use.
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Abstract
Description
[1]2以上の独立した収容穴を有する成形体と、集電体および集電体上に配置された合剤層を有する正極ならびに負極と、前記正極と前記負極とにはさまれたセパレータとの積層物を捲回することで構成され、かつそれぞれの前記収容穴内に収容された、電極群と、それぞれの前記収容穴内に収容された、電解液と、を有する電源装置であって、前記電解液と、前記負極または前記正極とは、前記成形体に接触する、電源装置。
[2]前記電極群は、柱状であり、前記電極群の側面は、前記負極または前記正極の集電体によって覆われる、[1]に記載の電源装置。
[3]それぞれの前記電極群は、並列に接続される、[1]または[2]に記載の電源装置。
[4]前記成形体の熱伝導率は、50W/mK以上である、[1]~[3]のいずれかに記載の電源装置。
[5]前記成形体の材料は、アルミニウム、マグネシウム、鉄、ニッケル、カーボンまたはこれらの合金を含む、[3]に記載の電源装置。
[6]前記成形体は、放熱フィンをさらに有する、[1]~[5]のいずれかに記載の電源装置。
[7]前記成形体は、押出形材である、[1]~[6]のいずれかに記載の電源装置。
本発明は、複数の二次電池(ユニット)を接続することで大電流を供給することを可能とした電源装置に関する。本発明の電源装置は、1)成形体と、2)電極群と、3)電解液とを有する。本発明の電源装置は、ケースに収容されていない電極群および電解液を、成形体に直接収容し、かつ正極または負極を成形体に直接接触させることを特徴とする。このように、導電性が高い正極または負極が成形体に直接接触することで、ユニットの熱が効率よく成形体に伝達され、ユニットが高温になることを防止することができる。以下それぞれの構成部材について説明する。
成形体は、後述する電極群と電解液とを収容するための部材である。成形体は導電性であっても、非導電性であってもよい。成形体は、複数の独立した収容穴を有する。ここで「独立した」とは、各収容穴が互いに連通(液絡)していないことを意味する。成形体に設けられた収容穴は、成形体を貫通していてもよいし(図10参照)、貫通していなくともよい(図14参照)。収容穴の形状は特に限定されない。収容穴は、角柱状であってもよいし、円柱状であってもよい。
電極群は、正極と、負極と、正極と負極との間に配置されたセパレータとからなる積層物を捲回することで構成される(図7Aおよび図7B参照)。電極群は柱状であれば、円柱状であっても、角柱状であってもよい。上述のように本発明では、電極群は、成形体の収容穴に直接収容されることを特徴とする。したがって、本発明では、電極群が成形体に直接接触する。
負極合剤層に含まれる結着材の材料の例には、ポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVDF)およびその変性体、スチレン-ブタジエン共重合体ゴム粒子(SBR)およびその変性体などが含まれる。また負極合剤層に含まれる導電材は、正極合剤層に含まれる導電材と同じであってよい。
電解液は、溶媒と、電解質とを含む。上述のように本発明では、電解液は、成形体の収容穴に直接収容されることを特徴とする。したがって、本発明では、電解液が成形体に接触する。
本発明の電源装置は、さらに、成形体の収容穴を塞ぐ封口板を有する(図10、図13参照)。封口板には、発熱によってユニット内の圧力が増加した場合に圧力を逃がすための防爆弁が形成されていてもよい(図10参照)。
本発明の電源装置の熱容量は大きいことが好ましい。具体的には、本発明の電源装置の熱容量は、475J/K以上であることが好ましい。電源装置の熱容量を調節するには、成形体の質量を増やしてもよいし、ユニットの数を増加させてもよい。1つのユニットの熱容量は約35J/Kである。例えば、アルミからなる成形体の質量を480g以上とし、ユニットの数を10以上とすれば、単位体積辺りの出力が高く、かつ、熱容量が大きい電源装置が得られる。以下、電源装置の熱容量が大きいことの利点について説明する。
3.6V×4Ah=14.4Wh=51836J
である。
51836J/475J/K=109.1K以下である。
図4は、実施の形態1の電源装置100の斜視図である。図5は、実施の形態1の電源装置100の正面図である。
実施の形態1では、各正極封口板が独立している形態について説明した。実施の形態2では、電源装置が全ての収容穴を閉じる一枚の正極封口板を有する形態について説明する。
実施の形態1および実施の形態2では、収容穴が成形体を貫通する形態について説明した。実施の形態3では、収容穴が成形体を貫通しない形態について説明する。
110、210 成形体
111、211 収容穴
113 放熱フィン
115 孔
117 突起
120 ユニット
121 電極群
123 電解液
125 正極リード
127 負極リード
129 絶縁板
130 240 正極封口板
131 正極端子
133 防爆弁
135 電解液供給孔
140 負極封口板
141 負極端子
143 ガスケット
150 アルミビレット
151 コンテナ
153 押盤
155 ダイス
157 ダイス孔
161 正極
163 セパレータ
165 負極
167 絶縁テープ
230 封口板
231 負極端子
233 ガスケット
Claims (7)
- 2以上の独立した収容穴を有する成形体と、
集電体および集電体上に配置された合剤層を有する正極ならびに負極と、前記正極と前記負極とにはさまれたセパレータとの積層物を捲回することで構成され、かつそれぞれの前記収容穴内に収容された、電極群と、
それぞれの前記収容穴内に収容された、電解液と、を有する電源装置であって、
前記電解液と、前記負極または前記正極とは、前記成形体に接触する、電源装置。 - 前記電極群は、柱状であり、
前記電極群の側面は、前記負極または前記正極の集電体によって覆われる、請求項1に記載の電源装置。 - それぞれの前記電極群は、並列に接続される、請求項1に記載の電源装置。
- 前記成形体の熱伝導率は、50W/mK以上である、請求項1に記載の電源装置。
- 前記成形体の材料は、アルミニウム、マグネシウム、鉄、ニッケル、カーボンまたはこれらの合金を含む、請求項3に記載の電源装置。
- 前記成形体は、放熱フィンをさらに有する、請求項1に記載の電源装置。
- 前記成形体は、押出形材である、請求項1に記載の電源装置。
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EP10821461.0A EP2521202B1 (en) | 2010-02-03 | 2010-11-15 | Power source |
JP2011505287A JP4918625B2 (ja) | 2010-02-03 | 2010-11-15 | 電源装置 |
CN2010800031724A CN102217119A (zh) | 2010-02-03 | 2010-11-15 | 电源装置 |
US13/124,158 US9240575B2 (en) | 2010-02-03 | 2010-11-15 | Power supply apparatus |
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US (1) | US9240575B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2521202B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4918625B2 (ja) |
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EP2521202A1 (en) | 2012-11-07 |
US9240575B2 (en) | 2016-01-19 |
JP4918625B2 (ja) | 2012-04-18 |
CN102217119A (zh) | 2011-10-12 |
EP2521202A4 (en) | 2013-08-28 |
US20110269002A1 (en) | 2011-11-03 |
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JPWO2011096032A1 (ja) | 2013-06-06 |
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