JP5604806B2 - 金属二次電池 - Google Patents
金属二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5604806B2 JP5604806B2 JP2009116635A JP2009116635A JP5604806B2 JP 5604806 B2 JP5604806 B2 JP 5604806B2 JP 2009116635 A JP2009116635 A JP 2009116635A JP 2009116635 A JP2009116635 A JP 2009116635A JP 5604806 B2 JP5604806 B2 JP 5604806B2
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 67
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims description 67
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical group [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 7
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- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 229910010586 LiFeO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- ANFWGAAJBJPAHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(fluorosulfonyl)azanide;1-ethyl-3-methylimidazol-3-ium Chemical compound CC[N+]=1C=CN(C)C=1.FS(=O)(=O)[N-]S(F)(=O)=O ANFWGAAJBJPAHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LRESCJAINPKJTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide;1-ethyl-3-methylimidazol-3-ium Chemical compound CCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1.FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F LRESCJAINPKJTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IEFUHGXOQSVRDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide;1-methyl-1-propylpiperidin-1-ium Chemical compound CCC[N+]1(C)CCCCC1.FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F IEFUHGXOQSVRDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DKNRELLLVOYIIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide;1-methyl-1-propylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound CCC[N+]1(C)CCCC1.FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F DKNRELLLVOYIIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NFLGAVZONHCOQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide;trimethyl(propyl)azanium Chemical compound CCC[N+](C)(C)C.FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F NFLGAVZONHCOQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007606 doctor blade method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexafluoropropylene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)C(F)(F)F HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
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- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052976 metal sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K trilithium;phosphate Chemical class [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
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- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
Description
本発明は、正極と、負極と、正極及び負極の間に介在する電解質層とを有し、負極に含まれる負極活物質が低融点金属または低融点合金であり、負極の正極が備えられる側に負極活物質の拡散を防止する隔膜を備えるとともに、負極の隔膜が備えられる側とは反対側に膨張分収容層を備えている、金属二次電池である。
金属二次電池10に備えられる負極2は、少なくとも低融点金属または低融点合金からなる負極活物質を含んでいる。このような低融点金属または低融点合金の具体例としては、ガリウムや水銀、またはこれらの金属を含む合金を挙げることができる。ただし、環境適応性の観点からは、ガリウムまたはガリウムをインジウム、アルミニウム、亜鉛、錫などと合金化させて融点を適当な温度に調整した合金が好ましい。
次に、隔膜4について説明する。金属二次電池10に備えられる隔膜4は、電解液を保持または透過することができ、かつ上記した負極活物質が液化した場合に該負極活物質の透過を防止できる、多孔質またはメッシュ状の隔膜である。かかる隔膜4を備えることによって、電池反応を阻害せずに、液化した負極活物質が電解質層3側に拡散することを防止できる。なお、負極活物質は上記したように低融点金属または低融点合金であり、低融点金属または低融点合金は表面張力が大きいため、隔膜4を透過しにくい。また、例え負極活物質が隔膜4を通り抜けたとしても、後述するセパレータを備えさることによって、負極活物質を該セパレータ上に留めることができる。なお、隔膜4が負極集電体としての機能を兼ねる場合(導電性を有する場合)は、短絡防止のため、別途、後述するセパレータが必要となる。また、隔膜4が絶縁体である場合は、後述するセパレータが備えられていない形態とすることもできるが、別途、負極集電体が必要となる。
次に、膨張分収容層5について説明する。膨張分収容層5は、負極2を介して隔膜4の反対側に備えられる。膨張分収容層5は、負極2と電池ケース6との間に備えられる層であり、負極2が膨張した際にその膨張分を収容できる部分である。膨張分収容層5は、負極2が膨張した際にその膨張分を収容できれば、形態は特に限定されない。例えば、膨張分収容層5には、負極2の膨張収縮を妨げない程度の圧力で負極に悪影響を及ぼさない気体が充満していてもよく、負極2の膨張収縮を妨げない程度の量の電解液が収容されていてもよい。
次に、正極1について説明する。正極1は、少なくとも正極活物質を含有している。正極1に用いることができる正極活物質の具体例としては、金属二次電池10がリチウムイオン二次電池である場合、LiCoO2等のLi・Co系複合酸化物、LiNiO2等のLi・Ni系複合酸化物、スピネルLiMn2O4等のLi・Mn系複合酸化物、LiFeO2等のLi・Fe系複合酸化物等、LiFePO4等の遷移金属とリチウムのリン酸化合物や硫酸化合物、V2O5、MnO2、TiS2、MoS2、MoO3等の遷移金属酸化物や硫化物、PbO2、AgO、NiOOH等が挙げられる。
電解質層3は、正極1及び負極2の間でイオンの伝導を担う電解質を含む層である。電解質層3に含まれる電解質の形態は、イオン伝導性を有するものであれば特に限定されるものではなく、金属二次電池10の形態に応じて水系電解液、非水系電解液が選択される。
金属二次電池10では、少なくとも上述した正極1と、負極2と、電解質層3と、隔膜4と、膨張分収容層5とが電池ケース6に収容されて用いられる。金属二次電池10において、電池ケース6の形態は特に限定されず、金属二次電池のケースとして使用可能なケースを適宜用いることができる。
2 負極
3 電解質層
4 隔膜
5 膨張分収容層
6 電池ケース
7a、7b、7c、7d 負極集電体
10 本発明の金属二次電池
20 従来の金属二次電池
Claims (3)
- 正極と、負極と、前記正極及び前記負極の間に介在する電解質層と、電池ケースとを有し、
前記負極に含まれる負極活物質が、融点が60℃以下の金属または融点が60℃以下の合金であり、
前記負極の前記正極が備えられる側に前記負極活物質の拡散を防止する隔膜を備えるとともに、前記負極の前記隔膜が備えられる側とは反対側の面が前記電池ケースから隔離することによって、前記負極の膨張分を収容できる膨張分収容層が形成されており、
前記隔膜が負極集電体である、金属二次電池。 - 前記金属または前記合金が、ガリウムまたはガリウムを含む合金である、請求項1に記載の金属二次電池。
- 前記膨張分収容層に電解液が部分的に収容されている、請求項1または2に記載の金属二次電池。
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JP2009116635A JP5604806B2 (ja) | 2009-05-13 | 2009-05-13 | 金属二次電池 |
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JP2009116635A JP5604806B2 (ja) | 2009-05-13 | 2009-05-13 | 金属二次電池 |
Publications (2)
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JP2010267446A JP2010267446A (ja) | 2010-11-25 |
JP5604806B2 true JP5604806B2 (ja) | 2014-10-15 |
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