WO2011089771A1 - 燃料ガスステーション、燃料ガス充填システム、燃料ガス供給方法 - Google Patents
燃料ガスステーション、燃料ガス充填システム、燃料ガス供給方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011089771A1 WO2011089771A1 PCT/JP2010/069253 JP2010069253W WO2011089771A1 WO 2011089771 A1 WO2011089771 A1 WO 2011089771A1 JP 2010069253 W JP2010069253 W JP 2010069253W WO 2011089771 A1 WO2011089771 A1 WO 2011089771A1
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- temperature
- fuel gas
- fuel tank
- fuel
- tank
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
- F17C5/002—Automated filling apparatus
- F17C5/007—Automated filling apparatus for individual gas tanks or containers, e.g. in vehicles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B67—OPENING, CLOSING OR CLEANING BOTTLES, JARS OR SIMILAR CONTAINERS; LIQUID HANDLING
- B67D—DISPENSING, DELIVERING OR TRANSFERRING LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B67D7/00—Apparatus or devices for transferring liquids from bulk storage containers or reservoirs into vehicles or into portable containers, e.g. for retail sale purposes
- B67D7/06—Details or accessories
- B67D7/32—Arrangements of safety or warning devices; Means for preventing unauthorised delivery of liquid
- B67D7/34—Means for preventing unauthorised delivery of liquid
- B67D7/344—Means for preventing unauthorised delivery of liquid by checking a correct coupling or coded information
- B67D7/348—Means for preventing unauthorised delivery of liquid by checking a correct coupling or coded information by interrogating an information transmitter, e.g. a transponder
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
- F17C5/06—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures for filling with compressed gases
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
- F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
- F17C2221/012—Hydrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
- F17C2221/03—Mixtures
- F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
- F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2223/0107—Single phase
- F17C2223/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
- F17C2223/036—Very high pressure (>80 bar)
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
- F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2225/0107—Single phase
- F17C2225/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
- F17C2225/03—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
- F17C2225/036—Very high pressure, i.e. above 80 bars
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/03—Control means
- F17C2250/034—Control means using wireless transmissions
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
- F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
- F17C2250/043—Pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
- F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
- F17C2250/0439—Temperature
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
- F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
- F17C2250/0443—Flow or movement of content
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
- F17C2250/0486—Indicating or measuring characterised by the location
- F17C2250/0491—Parameters measured at or inside the vessel
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/06—Controlling or regulating of parameters as output values
- F17C2250/0605—Parameters
- F17C2250/0636—Flow or movement of content
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
- F17C2260/02—Improving properties related to fluid or fluid transfer
- F17C2260/024—Improving metering
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
- F17C2265/06—Fluid distribution
- F17C2265/065—Fluid distribution for refueling vehicle fuel tanks
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
- F17C2270/0134—Applications for fluid transport or storage placed above the ground
- F17C2270/0139—Fuel stations
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
- F17C2270/0165—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road
- F17C2270/0168—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road by vehicles
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fuel gas station that supplies fuel gas to, for example, an on-vehicle fuel tank.
- a hydrogen station that fills a hydrogen tank of a fuel cell vehicle with hydrogen gas is known.
- the supply amount of the hydrogen gas released from the hydrogen station is adjusted by a regulator (see, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-232497), or the flow rate and pressure thereof are adjusted (see: 2009-127853), the hydrogen tank is filled.
- the remaining amount can be calculated from the pressure in the hydrogen tank separately grasped. Further, according to such a temperature sensor, it is possible to perform temperature management so that the temperature in the hydrogen tank that rises with filling does not exceed the limit value during filling.
- the temperature in the hydrogen tank cannot be measured accurately and the remaining amount at the start of filling cannot be grasped correctly.
- the temperature is measured lower than the actual temperature during filling, the filling may exceed the limit temperature.
- the temperature is measured higher than the actual temperature, it is erroneously determined that the limit temperature has been reached, and there is a possibility that the filling will be completed before the predetermined filling amount is filled.
- the present invention relates to a fuel gas station, a fuel gas filling system, and a fuel gas filling method capable of confirming whether or not temperature information in the fuel tank is accurate so that filling suitable for the fuel tank is possible. Its purpose is to provide.
- a fuel gas station supplies fuel gas to an external fuel tank, and includes a first temperature acquisition unit for acquiring temperature information in the fuel tank, and a fuel gas station. From the acquisition result of the second temperature acquisition unit for acquiring the temperature information of the fuel gas supplied to the fuel tank by the first temperature acquisition unit and the second temperature acquisition unit when the fuel gas is supplied for a predetermined time.
- the accuracy can be determined more accurately than when the accuracy is determined only from the temperature information in the fuel tank.
- the accuracy of the temperature information in the fuel tank outside the fuel tank can be confirmed using the supply from the fuel gas station. Therefore, for example, when the fuel tank is mounted on the vehicle, it is possible to make the above determination every time the fuel gas station supplies the fuel tank without bringing the vehicle into the store for periodic inspection or the like. When it is confirmed that the temperature information in the fuel tank is abnormal, supply of fuel gas to the fuel tank more than necessary can be suppressed.
- the operation control unit may stop the supply of the fuel gas to the fuel tank when the abnormality is determined.
- the predetermined threshold value may be different according to characteristics relating to the fuel tank. Further preferably, when the fuel tank is mounted on the moving body, the predetermined threshold value is the ambient temperature immediately before supplying the fuel gas for a predetermined time, the traveling state and traveling area of the moving body, and the moving body. It may be different according to at least one of the consumption conditions of the fuel gas.
- the accuracy of the temperature information in the fuel tank with higher accuracy than when using a certain threshold value.
- the specifications of the fuel tank for example, heat dissipation and thermal insulation
- the location of the fuel tank when mounted on a moving body for example, the degree of influence of traveling wind, and the surrounding heat source A threshold that takes into account the presence.
- the first temperature acquisition unit and the second temperature acquisition unit each perform target temperature information when supply of the fuel gas for a predetermined time is performed at a supply flow rate smaller than a supply flow rate during normal operation. Good to get.
- the supply flow rate is small, the temperature rise in the fuel tank accompanying supply can be suppressed. For this reason, it is possible to suppress the state in the fuel tank from exceeding the limit value in the process of determining whether or not the temperature information in the fuel tank is accurate. In addition, it is possible to simplify the process of obtaining the predetermined threshold value in advance by evaluation or simulation.
- the temperature in the fuel tank can rise, so the tank temperature can be higher than the supply temperature. Therefore, if the opposite result occurs, the temperature information in the fuel tank may be inaccurate.
- the determination unit displays the temperature information in the fuel tank. It is good to judge that it is abnormal.
- the fuel gas station further includes a precooler that cools the fuel gas supplied to the fuel tank, and a third temperature acquisition unit that acquires outside air temperature information, and when the fuel gas is supplied for a predetermined time.
- the determination unit may determine that the temperature information in the fuel tank is abnormal.
- the first temperature acquisition unit may acquire the detection of the temperature sensor in the fuel tank as temperature information in the fuel tank by communication.
- the fuel gas station includes a nozzle that discharges the fuel gas to the outside toward the fuel tank, and the second temperature acquisition unit may include a temperature sensor provided in the nozzle.
- the fuel gas filling system of the present invention includes the above-described fuel gas station of the present invention and a moving body equipped with a fuel tank.
- a fuel gas supply method for supplying fuel gas from a fuel gas station to a fuel tank outside the fuel gas station, wherein the fuel gas is supplied to the fuel tank for a predetermined time.
- the temperature in the fuel tank and the temperature of the fuel gas supplied to the fuel tank by the fuel gas station are detected and the temperature difference is calculated, and the calculated temperature difference is a predetermined threshold value.
- the temperature information in the detected fuel tank is determined to be abnormal, and at least one of the supply flow rate and supply amount of the fuel gas to the fuel tank is reduced as compared with the normal time.
- the fuel cell system includes a fuel cell that generates power by an electrochemical reaction between a fuel gas (for example, hydrogen gas) and an oxidizing gas (for example, air).
- a fuel gas for example, hydrogen gas
- an oxidizing gas for example, air
- the fuel gas filling system 1 includes, for example, a hydrogen station 2 as a fuel gas station, and a vehicle 3 to which hydrogen gas is supplied from the hydrogen station 2.
- the vehicle 3 includes a fuel tank 30, a receptacle 32, a pressure sensor 36, a temperature sensor 38, a display device 42, a communication device 44, and a control device 46.
- the fuel tank 30 is a fuel gas supply source to the fuel cell, and is a high-pressure tank capable of storing, for example, 35 MPa or 70 MPa hydrogen gas.
- the fuel tank 30 is connected in parallel to the fuel cell.
- the hydrogen gas in the fuel tank 30 is supplied to the fuel cell via a supply line (not shown).
- the supply of hydrogen gas to the fuel tank 30 is performed by releasing the hydrogen gas from the hydrogen station 2 to the filling channel 34 via the receptacle 32.
- the filling flow path 34 includes a gas pipe outside the fuel tank 30 and a flow path portion in a valve assembly (not shown) attached to the mouth of the fuel tank 30.
- the filling flow path 34 is provided with a check valve 35 for preventing the backflow of hydrogen gas.
- the pressure sensor 36 detects the pressure of the hydrogen gas released from the hydrogen station 2 and is provided in the filling flow path 34.
- the pressure sensor 36 is provided in the gas pipe on the downstream side of the check valve 35 and immediately in front of the fuel tank 30, and the pressure of the hydrogen gas in the fuel tank 30 (hereinafter, “ The pressure that reflects the tank pressure is detected.
- the temperature sensor 38 is provided in the flow path portion in the valve assembly and is disposed in the fuel tank 30.
- the temperature sensor 38 detects a temperature reflecting the temperature of the hydrogen gas in the fuel tank 30 (hereinafter referred to as “tank temperature T 2 ”).
- the pressure sensor 36 may be disposed in the fuel tank 30.
- the arrangement position of the temperature sensor 38 in the fuel tank 30 is not particularly limited as long as the position can be substantially detected tank temperature T 2, of the hydrogen gas to the fuel tank 30 air outlet of It is preferable to be in the vicinity.
- the display device 42 can be used as a part of a car navigation system, for example, and displays various information on the screen.
- the communication device 44 is for the vehicle 3 to communicate with the hydrogen station 2 and has a communication interface for performing wireless communication such as infrared communication.
- the communicator 44 is incorporated in the receptacle 32 or fixed in the lid box of the vehicle 3 so that communication is possible with the filling nozzle 12 of the hydrogen station 2 connected to the receptacle 32.
- the control device 46 is configured as a microcomputer having a CPU, a ROM, and a RAM therein, and controls the vehicle 3.
- the control device 46 is connected to the pressure sensor 36, the temperature sensor 38, the display device 42, the communication device 44, and the like, and transmits information that can be grasped by the vehicle 3, for example, detection information by the pressure sensor 36 and the temperature sensor 38. 44 is transmitted to the hydrogen station 2.
- the hydrogen station 2 includes a control device 5 that controls each device in the hydrogen station 2, a communication device 6 that communicates with the vehicle 3, a display device 7 that displays various information on a screen, and a hydrogen station 2. And an outside air temperature sensor 8 for detecting the outside air temperature at the installation location.
- the communication device 6 has a format corresponding to the communication device 44 of the vehicle 3, and transmits / receives various information to / from the communication device 44.
- the display device 7 displays information such as a filling flow rate (filling speed) and a filling amount during filling.
- the display device 7 may include an operation panel for selecting or specifying a desired filling amount on the display screen.
- the hydrogen station 2 includes a curdle (gas supply source) 11 for storing hydrogen gas, a filling nozzle 12 for discharging the hydrogen gas toward the on-vehicle fuel tank 30, and a gas flow path 13 connecting these.
- the filling nozzle 12 is a component also referred to as a filling coupling, and is connected to the receptacle 32 of the vehicle 3 when filling with hydrogen gas.
- the filling nozzle 12 and the receptacle 32 constitute a connection unit that connects the hydrogen station 2 and the fuel tank 32.
- the filling nozzle 12 has a pressure sensor 9 for detecting the pressure and temperature of the hydrogen gas supplied from the hydrogen station 2 to the fuel tank 30 (hereinafter referred to as “supply pressure” and “supply temperature T 1 ”, respectively) and A temperature sensor 10 is provided. If these sensors 9 and 10 are provided in the filling nozzle 12, the actual pressure and actual temperature of the hydrogen gas actually supplied from the hydrogen station 2 to the fuel tank 30 can be obtained with a simple configuration.
- the temperature sensor 10 is more preferably provided at the tip of the filling nozzle 12 (part on the fuel tank 30 side).
- the gas flow path 13 is provided with a compressor 14, a pressure accumulator 15, a precooler 16, a flow control valve 17, a flow meter 18, and a dispenser 19.
- the compressor 14 compresses and discharges hydrogen gas from the curdle 11.
- the pressure accumulator 15 stores hydrogen gas that has been pressurized to a predetermined pressure by the compressor 14.
- the precooler 16 cools hydrogen gas at room temperature from the pressure accumulator 15 to a predetermined low temperature (for example, ⁇ 20 ° C.).
- the flow rate control valve 17 is an electrically driven valve, and adjusts the flow rate of hydrogen gas from the pressure accumulator 15 in accordance with a command from the control device 5. Thereby, the filling flow rate of hydrogen gas into the fuel tank 30 is controlled.
- the controlled filling flow rate is measured by the flow meter 18, and the control device 5 feedback-controls the flow rate control valve 17 so as to obtain a desired filling flow rate based on the measurement result. It is also possible to use a flow control device other than the flow control valve 17.
- the dispenser 19 sends out hydrogen gas to the filling nozzle 12. For example, when the trigger lever of the filling nozzle 12 is pulled, the dispenser 19 is activated, and hydrogen gas can be released from the filling nozzle 12 toward the fuel tank 30.
- a shutoff valve that opens the gas flow path 13 during filling is provided on the pressure accumulator 14 or on the downstream side thereof.
- the control device 5 is configured as a microcomputer having a CPU, a ROM, and a RAM therein.
- the CPU executes a desired calculation according to the control program and performs various processes and controls.
- the ROM stores control programs and control data to be processed by the CPU, and the RAM is mainly used as various work areas for control processing.
- the control device 5 includes a communication device 6, a display device 7, an outside air temperature sensor 8, a pressure sensor 9, a temperature sensor 10, a flow rate control valve 17, and a flow meter 18 connected by a control line indicated by a one-dot chain line in FIG. 2.
- the pressure accumulator 15 and the like are also electrically connected.
- the control device 5 recognizes the pressure and temperature detected by the pressure sensor 36 and the temperature sensor 38 as the pressure and temperature in the fuel tank 30 (that is, the tank pressure and the tank temperature T 2 ), and fills with hydrogen gas. To control. Specifically, the control unit 5 controls the opening degree of the flow control valve 17 to tank pressure and information tank temperature T 2 of the vehicle 3 side received from the communication device based on 6. Further, the control device 5 transmits information that can be grasped by the hydrogen station 2 to the vehicle 3 using the communication device 6.
- the control device 5 includes a storage unit 61, a calculation unit 62, a determination unit 63, and an operation control unit 64 as functional blocks for determining whether there is an abnormality in the temperature sensor 38 on the vehicle 3 side.
- the storage unit 61 includes the above-described ROM, RAM, and the like, and previously stores, for example, a filling flow rate map used at the time of filling, a threshold value used for abnormality determination of the temperature sensor 38, and the like.
- calculation unit 62 calculates the temperature difference between the supply temperature T 1 of the tank temperature T 2, determination unit 63 determines the presence or absence of abnormality of the temperature sensor 38.
- the operation control unit 64 controls the filling of the hydrogen gas into the fuel tank 30. For example, based on the filling flow rate map read from the storage unit 61, the operation control unit 64 transmits a control command to various devices to perform the hydrogen gas filling. Control various devices to do.
- the filling nozzle 12 when filling the vehicle 3 with hydrogen gas, first, the filling nozzle 12 is connected to the receptacle 32, and the dispenser 19 is operated in this state. Then, hydrogen gas is released from the filling nozzle 12 toward the fuel tank 30 and is filled into the fuel tank 30.
- the hydrogen station 2 determines whether there is an abnormality in the temperature sensor 38 at the initial stage of filling, thereby filling the fuel tank 30 appropriately.
- This filling flow is based on the assumption that the temperature sensor 10 on the hydrogen station 2 side is normal. This is because the abnormality of the temperature sensor 10 can be confirmed on the hydrogen station 2 side by another method.
- Step S1 When the filling operator performs the connection work between the filling nozzle 12 and the receptacle 32 and performs a filling start operation for permitting the release of hydrogen gas from the hydrogen station 2 to the fuel tank 30, filling of the hydrogen gas is started ( Step S1).
- step S2 In the initial filling stage from the start of filling up to a predetermined time (t seconds), filling is performed with a small flow rate (step S2).
- the length of the predetermined time (t seconds), the temperature sensor 10,38 is able to detect the supply temperature T 1 and tank temperature T 2, transmitted to the hydrogen station 2 via communication detected information of tank temperature T 2 Any length is possible. Preferably, it is as short as possible, for example several tens of seconds.
- the small flow rate in the initial stage of filling is set to be smaller than the filling flow rate (supply flow rate) when performing the main filling (step S4). Further, the small flow rate is preferably a very slow flow rate so that the gas temperature hardly increases in the fuel tank 30.
- the filling flow rate in the initial filling stage is 1/10 or 1/20 of the filling flow rate in the main filling.
- the small filling flow rate may be a variable flow rate, but is preferably a constant flow rate.
- This step S3 is performed in the initial filling stage.
- the temperature information for the supply temperature T 1 and tank temperature T 2 is obtained.
- the temperature information of the supply temperature T 1 is acquired by the temperature sensor 10 and sent directly from the temperature sensor 10 to the control device 5.
- the temperature information of the tank temperature T 2 detected by the temperature sensor 38 is transmitted in the order of the control device 46, the communication device 44 and the communication device 6, the temperature information is sent from the communication device 6 to the control device 5.
- the acquisition result of the temperature information about the supply temperature T 1 and tank temperature T 2 has been transmitted to the control unit 5, the calculation unit 62 calculates the temperature difference ⁇ T between them.
- Temperature difference ⁇ T for example in the course time or timing to that of a predetermined time (t sec) is a value obtained by subtracting the supply temperature T 1 of the tank temperature T 2.
- the temperature sensor 10 constitutes the “second temperature acquisition unit” described in the claims.
- the communication device 6 to acquire the detection result of the temperature sensor 38 as temperature information of the tank temperature T 2 by the communication constitutes a "first temperature acquisition unit" recited in the claims.
- the determination unit 63 determines whether or not the temperature difference ⁇ T exceeds the threshold value Tth (step S3).
- the supply temperature T 1 of the tank The temperatures T 2 are almost equal to each other, and these temperatures are the temperatures cooled by the precooler 16 ( ⁇ 20 ° C. in the above example).
- the flow rate is small enough to cause little increase in gas temperature in the fuel tank 30, the hydrogen gas supplied into the fuel tank 30 expands, so that a slight gas temperature increase can occur. Therefore, if normal, the tank temperature T 2 even be slightly larger than the feed temperature T 1 of, feed temperature T 1 is not be larger than the tank temperature T 2.
- 0 can be used as the threshold value T th to be compared with the temperature difference ⁇ T.
- the threshold value T th it is preferable to use a value larger than 0 (for example, 5 ° C. or the like) in consideration of the slight temperature increase amount.
- a value for example, 7 ° C. or the like
- a margin for the temperature rise amount as the threshold value Tth .
- this temperature rise amount it can obtain by an evaluation result, simulation, etc.
- the threshold value T th can be a constant value, but is preferably different depending on the characteristics relating to the fuel tank 30. More specifically, the fuel tank 30 differs in heat dissipation, heat insulation, or temperature rise rate depending on its material, surface area, structure, and the like. For example, when aluminum is used as the liner of the fuel tank 30, heat dissipation is superior to when resin (polyethylene or the like) is used. Moreover, heat dissipation etc. will differ also with the characteristic and compounding ratio of the resin in a resin liner.
- the cooling characteristics of the fuel tank 30 also differ depending on the degree of influence of the traveling wind, the presence of a heat source around the fuel tank 30, and the like.
- characteristics such as the heat dissipation of the fuel tank 30 itself and characteristics that affect the fuel tank 30 are not necessarily the same in current or future vehicles or fuel tanks.
- the threshold value T th may be used in consideration of the above-described characteristics regarding the fuel tank 30 mounted on the vehicle 3.
- the threshold value Tth can be set smaller than in the case of the fuel tank 30 having a resin liner.
- the threshold value T th may be stored in the storage unit 61 in advance. However, when the threshold value T th is changed in accordance with the characteristics relating to the fuel tank 30, it is necessary to input information relating to the characteristics to the hydrogen station 2. As a method for that, it is preferable to use communication. Specifically, information on the characteristics relating to the fuel tank 30 is stored in the storage unit of the control device 46 of the vehicle 3, and this information is stored in the hydrogen station 2 by communication between the communicator 44 and the communicator 6 at the initial filling stage. Is sent to the control device 5. By doing so, the threshold value T th corresponding to the characteristics relating to the fuel tank 30 is determined at the hydrogen station 2 in the initial filling stage, without storing the characteristic information relating to the fuel tank 30 in advance on the hydrogen station 2 side. And can be used.
- step S3 when the temperature difference ⁇ T is equal to or smaller than the threshold T th (step S3; NO), it is determined that the temperature sensor 38 is normal, and the operation control unit 64 starts full-scale filling.
- Step S4 the operation control unit 64 stores information such as the tank pressure and the tank temperature T 2 at the beginning or end of the initial filling stage received from the vehicle 3 by communication in the storage unit 61. Referring to the above, the optimum filling flow rate to the fuel tank 30 is selected, and the opening degree of the flow control valve 17 is controlled.
- step S5 determines that the temperature sensor 38 is abnormal.
- the determination unit 63 determines that the temperature information in the fuel tank 30 acquired in the initial filling stage is abnormal.
- the fuel gas filling system 1 When it is determined that the temperature sensor 38 is abnormal, the fuel gas filling system 1 performs necessary countermeasure processing (step S6). For example, the operation control unit 64 reduces at least one of the filling flow rate (supply flow rate) and the filling amount (supply amount), compared with the case of performing the main filling (step S4). For example, the operation control unit 64 selects a filling flow rate (supply flow rate) smaller than the filling flow rate selected from the filling flow rate map during the main filling, and performs filling so as not to be a burden on the fuel tank 30. Do. In this case, the filling flow rate or filling amount on the safe side may be selected without using communication. In another example of countermeasure processing, the operation control unit 64 may stop filling the fuel tank 30.
- a countermeasure process for notifying the abnormality determination may be executed. For example, it can be displayed on at least one of the display device 7 and the display device 42 that the temperature sensor 38 is abnormal or prompts its repair. In addition, it is possible to perform countermeasure processing for storing a history indicating that the temperature sensor 38 is abnormal in the storage unit of the control devices 5 and 46.
- the hydrogen station 2 can determine whether or not the temperature sensor 38 on the vehicle 3 side is abnormal by using filling from the hydrogen station 2. In particular, for the presence or absence of abnormality of the temperature sensor 38, since it is determined by comparing the difference between the supply temperature T 1 and tank temperature T 2 during filling with a threshold T th, only the temperature information on tank temperature T 2 Compared with the case of determining, it can be determined with higher accuracy.
- the filling can be continued so that the fuel tank 30 is not filled with an unnecessarily large filling flow rate and filling amount.
- the filling flow rate used when determining whether there is an abnormality in the temperature sensor 38 is a small flow rate, it is possible to suppress the state in the fuel tank 30 from exceeding the limit value in the process of this determination.
- the small flow rate is set so that the gas temperature hardly increases in the fuel tank 30, the evaluation test and the simulation process when obtaining the threshold value Tth can be simplified.
- Step S13 is performed instead of step S3.
- Steps S11, 12, and 14 to 16 are the same as steps S1, 2, and 4 to 6 in FIG. 4, and thus detailed description thereof is omitted here.
- step S13 similarly to step S3, but is compared with a threshold value T th is calculated the temperature difference between the supply temperature T 1 of the tank temperature T 2, at the time of the calculation, a predetermined negative range to the supply temperature T 1 of ⁇ is given. The reason for this will be described in detail below.
- step S3 shown in FIG. 4 is performed without taking this point into consideration, there is a possibility that the main filling is performed even though the temperature sensor 38 is abnormal due to drift. Therefore, in the present embodiment, when charging is performed after the vehicle 3 travels at a high load in a cold environment, the supply temperature T 1 has a minus width ⁇ using the charging flow of FIG. Step S13).
- step S13 when the equation shown in step S13 is converted, the following equation (1) is obtained.
- the threshold value Tth is changed based on whether or not the vehicle 3 was traveling under a high load in a cold environment immediately before filling.
- the minus width ⁇ may be larger in the former case than in the latter case.
- the traveling state of the vehicle 3 is, for example, the maximum speed or the average speed of the vehicle 3, and the negative width ⁇ may be increased as the speed increases.
- the minus width ⁇ may be determined by grasping with GPS or the like whether or not the traveling region of the vehicle 3 is a cold region.
- the outside air temperature may be acquired by the outside air temperature sensor 8 and the size of the minus width ⁇ may be determined according to the size.
- the outside air temperature is also an index indicating the location conditions of the hydrogen station 2. Further, the magnitude of the minus width ⁇ may be varied according to the characteristics relating to the fuel tank 30 described above.
- the temperature sensor 38 The presence or absence of abnormality can be determined more accurately. Whether the hydrogen station 2 reads the flow shown in FIG. 4 or the flow shown in FIG. 5 may be determined in consideration of the situation before the start of filling. The situation before the start of filling can be grasped from, for example, the running situation of the vehicle 3 or the hydrogen gas consumption situation and the outside air temperature.
- the tank temperature T 2 is further compared with the outside air temperature T 3 .
- the outside air temperature T 3 is based on the acquisition result of the outside air temperature sensor 8 in the filling initial stage.
- the tank temperature T 2 is (in the example above, -20 ° C.) cooling temperature by the pre-cooler 16 becomes. Unless under considerable cold environment, the initial filling stage, the tank temperature T 2 becomes smaller than the outside air temperature T 3. Accordingly, in this variation, if the tank temperature T 2 exceeds the outside air temperature T 3 (step S24; NO), even if the temperature difference ⁇ T is less than or equal to the threshold value T th, the temperature sensor judgment section 63 38 is determined to be abnormal (step S26), and the operation control unit 64 performs subsequent countermeasure processing (step S27).
- step S24 when the tank temperature T 2 is less than the outside air temperature T 3 (step S24; YES), determination unit 63 maintains the determination that the temperature sensor 38 is normal, the operation control unit 64 is then of the filling (Step S25) is performed.
- the second modified example not only the tank temperature T 2 is compared with the supply temperature T 1 but also with the outside air temperature T 3, so it is possible to determine whether the temperature sensor 38 is abnormal. The accuracy can be further improved. Note that the second modification can be applied to the first modification.
- step S34 and to have a positive margin ⁇ in the outside air temperature T 3 to be compared with the tank temperature T 2.
- a constant value (such as 5 ° C. or 10 ° C.) can be used as the magnitude of the plus width ⁇ , but it may be variable.
- the good factor better to the outside air temperature T 3 to have a positive margin beta, but the following four conceivable.
- the first factor is an increase in gas temperature in the fuel tank 30 accompanying filling. This is because the temperature increase in the fuel tank 30 can be suppressed if the filling is performed at the small flow rate described above, but a slight temperature increase can occur. In this case, since the degree of temperature rise varies depending on the heat dissipation of the fuel tank 30 and the like, it is preferable to use a different value for the size of the plus width ⁇ depending on the heat dissipation of the fuel tank 30 described above.
- the second factor is the temperature of the environment in which the fuel tank 30 is placed immediately before filling.
- the tank temperature T 2 might be higher than the outside air temperature T 3.
- the tank temperature T 2 might be higher than the outside air temperature T 3. Therefore, it is preferable to set the plus width ⁇ in consideration of such a situation.
- the third factor is a heat source around the place where the fuel tank 30 is mounted. Even if there is such a heat source, in the filling initial stage, because the tank temperature T 2 may become higher than the outside air temperature T 3.
- the fourth factor is the location condition of the hydrogen station 2. For example, even in a low temperature environment where the outside temperature of the hydrogen station 2 is lower than the temperature cooled by the precooler 16 (the above example: ⁇ 20 ° C.), the tank temperature T 2 is set to the outside temperature T in the initial filling stage. This is because it may be higher than 3 .
- the third modification in the determination at step S34, instead of simply comparing the tank temperature T 2 and the outside air temperature T 3, since the outside air temperature T 3 to have a positive margin ⁇ The accuracy of the determination of whether or not the temperature sensor 38 is abnormal can be further improved as compared with the second modification. Note that the third modification can also be applied to the first modification.
- the fourth modification relates to a modification of the first to third temperature acquisition units in the above-described embodiment, and can be applied to the first to third modifications.
- a first temperature acquisition unit for the first temperature acquisition unit acquires temperature information on tank temperature T 2
- an input device for the filling operator to manually input the detection result of the temperature sensor 38 to the hydrogen station 2 can be used as the first temperature acquisition unit.
- a temperature sensor provided in the filling flow path 34 on the vehicle 3 side can be used. This is because the hydrogen gas before being released in the fuel tank 30 is substantially the same as the temperature of the hydrogen gas supplied from the hydrogen station 2 to the fuel tank 30.
- the second temperature acquisition unit in the hydrogen station 2 corresponds to a communication device (for example, the communication device 6 described above) that acquires the detection of the temperature sensor provided in the filling channel 34 by communication. become.
- the outside temperature sensor 8 by the side of the hydrogen station 2 was used as a 3rd temperature acquisition part which acquires outside temperature information
- the outside temperature sensor provided in the vehicle 3 side can also be utilized. it can.
- the third temperature acquisition unit in the hydrogen station 2 corresponds to a communication device (for example, the communication device 6 described above) that acquires the detection of the outside air temperature sensor provided on the vehicle 3 side by communication. Become.
- the fuel gas station, fuel gas filling system, and fuel gas supply method of the present invention can be applied not only to hydrogen gas but also to other fuel gases such as natural gas. Further, the present invention can be applied not only to a vehicle but also to a moving body equipped with a fuel tank as a fuel gas filling destination such as an aircraft, a ship, and a robot.
Abstract
Description
燃料タンク30は、燃料電池への燃料ガス供給源であり、例えば35MPa又は70MPaの水素ガスを貯留可能な高圧タンクである。燃料タンク30を複数搭載する場合には、燃料タンク30は燃料電池に対して並列に接続される。燃料タンク30内の水素ガスは、図示省略した供給管路を介して燃料電池に供給される。一方、燃料タンク30への水素ガスの供給は、水素ガスが水素ステーション2からレセプタクル32を介して充填流路34に放出されることで行われる。充填流路34は、燃料タンク30外にあるガス配管と、燃料タンク30の口部に取り付けられた図示省略のバルブアッセンブリ内にある流路部分と、からなる。また、充填流路34には、水素ガスの逆流を防止するための逆止弁35が設けられる。
温度センサ38は、上記バルブアッセンブリ内の流路部分に設けられ、燃料タンク30内に配置される。温度センサ38は、燃料タンク30内の水素ガスの温度(以下、「タンク温度T2」という。)を反映する温度を検出する。なお、他の実施態様では、圧力センサ36を燃料タンク30内に配置してもよい。また、燃料タンク30内における温度センサ38の配置位置は、タンク温度T2を実質的に検出できる位置であれば特に限定されるものではないが、燃料タンク30内への水素ガスの吹出し口の近傍にあることが好ましい。
本実施形態の燃料ガス充填システム1及び燃料ガス供給方法では、充填の初期段階で水素ステーション2が温度センサ38の異常の有無を判断することで、燃料タンク30に適した充填を行っている。
なお、本充填フローは、水素ステーション2側の温度センサ10が正常であることを前提としたものである。温度センサ10の異常については、別の方法で、水素ステーション2側で確認することができるからである。
また、充填初期段階における小流量は、本充填(ステップS4)を行うときの充填流量(供給流量)よりも小さいものに設定される。また、この小流量は、燃料タンク30内でガス温度上昇がほとんど発生しない程度の非常にゆっくりとした流量であることが好ましい。好ましい一例を挙げると、充填初期段階における充填流量は、本充填における充填流量の1/10又は1/20である。また、この小流量の充填流量は、可変流量とすることも可能であるが、一定の流量であることが好ましい。
充填初期段階の際、先ず、供給温度T1及びタンク温度T2に関する各温度情報が取得される。ここで、供給温度T1の温度情報は、温度センサ10によって取得されて、温度センサ10から制御装置5に直接送られる。一方、タンク温度T2の温度情報は、温度センサ38によって検出されたものが制御装置46、通信機44及び通信機6の順で伝えられた後、通信機6から制御装置5に送られる。このようにして、制御装置5に送られてきた供給温度T1及びタンク温度T2に関する各温度情報の取得結果から、算出部62は、両者の温度差△Tを算出する。温度差△Tは、例えば所定時間(t秒)の経過時又はそれまでのあるタイミングにおける、タンク温度T2から供給温度T1を減算した値である。
ここで、上記のように、充填初期段階において、燃料タンク30内でガス温度上昇がほとんど発生しない程度の非常にゆっくりとした小流量での充填が行われている場合、供給温度T1とタンク温度T2とは、ほとんど等しくなり、これらの温度は、プレクーラ16により冷却された温度(上記の例の場合、-20℃)となる。ただし、燃料タンク30内でガス温度上昇がほとんど発生しない程度の小流量とはいえ、燃料タンク30内に供給された水素ガスは膨張するので、多少のガス温度上昇は起き得る。このため、正常時であれば、タンク温度T2が供給温度T1よりも僅かに大きくなることはあっても、供給温度T1がタンク温度T2よりも大きくなることはない。
詳述すると、燃料タンク30は、その材料、表面積及び構造等によって、放熱性、断熱性又は温度上昇率が異なる。例えば、燃料タンク30のライナーとしてアルミニウムを用いた場合には、樹脂(ポリエチレンなど)を用いた場合よりも、放熱性は優れたものとなる。また、樹脂ライナーにおける樹脂の特性や配合割合によっても、放熱性等は異なるものとなる。加えて、車両3における燃料タンク30の搭載位置によっても、走行風の影響度合いや、燃料タンク30周辺の熱源の存在などにより、燃料タンク30の冷却特性も異なる。このように、燃料タンク30自身の放熱性等の特性や、燃料タンク30に影響を及ぼす特性は、現在又は将来の車両又は燃料タンクにおいて必ずしも同じというわけではない。
次に、本実施形態のいくつかの変形例について説明する。
図5に示す第1の変形例が上記実施形態と相違する点は、ステップS3の代わりにステップS13を行う点である。なお、ステップS11,12,14~16は、図4のステップS1,2,4~6と同じであるので、ここでは詳細な説明を省略する。
T2-T1>Tth-α ・・・(1)
式(1)から理解されるように、ステップS13は、温度差△T(=T2-T1)と比較する閾値Tthにマイナス幅αを持たせていると考えることもできる。また、充填直前に寒冷の環境下で車両3が高負荷走行していたか否かに基づいて、閾値Tthの大きさを変更していると考えることもできる。
また、上記の例のうち、車両3の走行状況とは、例えば、車両3の最高速度や平均速度であり、これらが大きい場合ほど、マイナス幅αを大きくしてもよい。さらに、車両3の走行地域が寒冷地であるかどうかをGPSなどで把握して、マイナス幅αの大きさを決定してもよい。これらの情報については、車両3側から通信により水素ステーション2が充填開始時に受信し、水素ステーション2が、充填初期段階において、個々の情報に適したマイナス幅αを決定すればよい。
図6に示す第2の変形例が上記実施形態(図4)と相違する点は、ステップS24の判断を行う点である。なお、ステップS21~23、25~27は、図4のステップS1~6と同じであるので、ここでは詳細な説明を省略する。
図7に示す第3の変形例が第2の変形例と相違する点は、ステップS24の代わりにステップS34を行う点である。なお、その他のステップは互いに同じであるので、ここでは詳細な説明を省略する。
第1の因子は、充填に伴う燃料タンク30内のガス温度上昇である。これは、上記の小流量での充填を行えば燃料タンク30内の温度上昇は抑えられているが、多少は温度上昇が起こり得るからである。この場合、温度上昇の度合いは燃料タンク30の放熱性等により異なるため、プラス幅βの大きさについても、上記した燃料タンク30の放熱性に応じて異なる値を用いることが好ましい。
第4の変形例は、上記実施形態における第1~第3の温度取得部の変形例に係るものであり、第1~第3の変形例にも適用することができる。
タンク温度T2に関する温度情報を取得する第1の温度取得部として、通信機6以外のものを用いることも可能である。例えば、充填作業者が温度センサ38の検出結果を水素ステーション2に手動で入力するための入力装置を、第1の温度取得部として用いることができる。
供給温度T1に関する温度情報を取得する第2の温度取得部として、充填ノズル12に設けた温度センサ10を用いたが、充填ノズル12以外の位置に設けた温度センサを用いることも可能である。例えば、充填ノズル12の直前のホース部分(ガス流路13の一部)に設けた温度センサを用いてもよい。
外気温情報を取得する第3の温度取得部として、水素ステーション2側の外気温センサ8を用いたが、車両3側に設けた外気温センサを利用することもできる。この場合も、水素ステーション2内の第3の温度取得部としては、車両3側に設けた外気温センサの検出を通信により取得する通信機(例えば、上記の通信機6)が該当することになる。
Claims (11)
- 外部の燃料タンクに対して燃料ガスを供給する燃料ガスステーションにおいて、
前記燃料タンク内の温度情報を取得する第1の温度取得部と、
当該燃料ガスステーションが前記燃料タンクに供給する燃料ガスの温度情報を取得する第2の温度取得部と、
所定時間燃料ガスを供給した際の前記第1の温度取得部及び前記第2の温度取得部の取得結果から、前記燃料タンク内の温度(以下、「タンク温度」という。)と当該燃料タンクに供給する燃料ガスの温度(以下、「供給温度」という。)との温度差を算出する算出部と、
算出した温度差が所定の閾値を越えた場合に、前記燃料タンク内の温度情報が異常であると判断する判断部と、
前記異常の旨が判断された場合に、正常時に比べて前記燃料タンクへの燃料ガスの供給流量及び供給量の少なくとも一つを低減する運転制御部と、を備えた、燃料ガスステーション。 - 前記運転制御部は、前記異常の旨が判断された場合に、前記燃料タンクへの燃料ガスの供給を停止する、請求項1に記載の燃料ガスステーション。
- 前記所定の閾値は、前記燃料タンクに関する特性に応じて異なる、請求項1又は2に記載の燃料ガスステーション。
- 前記燃料タンクが移動体に搭載されている場合、
前記所定の閾値は、前記所定時間燃料ガスを供給する直前における、外気温、前記移動体の走行状況及び走行地域、並びに当該移動体での燃料ガスの消費状況の少なくとも一つに応じて異なる、請求項1ないし3のいずれか一項に記載の燃料ガスステーション。 - 前記第1の温度取得部及び第2の温度取得部は、前記所定時間の燃料ガスの供給が正常時における供給流量よりも小さい供給流量にて行われた際に、それぞれ、対象の温度情報を取得する、請求項1ないし4のいずれか一項に記載の燃料ガスステーション。
- 前記第1の温度取得部及び前記第2の温度取得部の取得結果によれば、前記タンク温度が前記供給温度よりも低かった場合、
前記判断部は、前記燃料タンク内の温度情報が異常であると判断する、請求項5に記載の燃料ガスステーション。 - 前記燃料タンクに供給する燃料ガスを冷却するプレクーラと、
外気温情報を取得する第3の温度取得部と、を更に備えており、
前記所定時間燃料ガスを供給した際の前記第1の温度取得部及び前記第3の温度取得部の取得結果によれば、前記タンク温度が外気温を超えている場合、
前記判断部は、前記燃料タンク内の温度情報が異常であると判断する、請求項1ないし6のいずれか一項に記載の燃料ガスステーション。 - 前記第1の温度取得部は、前記燃料タンク内にある温度センサの検出を通信により前記燃料タンク内の温度情報として取得するものである、請求項1ないし7のいずれか一項に記載の燃料ガスステーション。
- 前記燃料タンクに向けて燃料ガスを外部に放出するノズルを更に備え、
前記第2の温度取得部は、前記ノズルに設けられた温度センサで構成されている、請求項1ないし8のいずれか一項に記載の燃料ガスステーション。 - 燃料タンクを搭載した移動体と、
前記燃料タンクに対して燃料ガスを供給する燃料ガスステーションと、を備えた燃料ガス充填システムにおいて、
前記燃料ガスステーションは、
前記燃料タンク内の温度情報を取得する第1の温度取得部と、
当該燃料ガスステーションが前記燃料タンクに供給する燃料ガスの温度情報を取得する第2の温度取得部と、
所定時間燃料ガスを供給した際の前記第1の温度取得部及び前記第2の温度取得部の取得結果から、前記燃料タンク内の温度と当該燃料タンクに供給する燃料ガスの温度との温度差を算出する算出部と、
算出した温度差が所定の閾値を越えた場合に、前記燃料タンク内の温度情報が異常であると判断する判断部と、
前記異常の旨が判断された場合に、正常時に比べて前記燃料タンクへの燃料ガスの供給流量及び供給量の少なくとも一つを低減する運転制御部と、を備えた、燃料ガス充填システム。 - 燃料ガスステーションの外部にある燃料タンクに対して当該燃料ガスステーションから燃料ガスを供給する燃料ガス供給方法において、
所定時間燃料ガスを前記燃料タンクへ供給するステップと、
この供給の際に、前記燃料タンク内の温度と、前記燃料ガスステーションが前記燃料タンクに供給する燃料ガスの温度とを検出して、その温度差を算出するステップと、
算出した温度差が所定の閾値を越えた場合に、検出した燃料タンク内の温度の情報を異常であると判断し、正常時に比べて前記燃料タンクへの燃料ガスの供給流量及び供給量の少なくとも一つを低減するステップと、を備えた、燃料ガス供給方法。
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CN201080062347.9A CN102713404B (zh) | 2010-01-25 | 2010-10-29 | 燃料气体站、燃料气体填充系统、燃料气体供给方法 |
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CA2787670C (en) | 2014-09-23 |
DE112010005176B4 (de) | 2017-01-26 |
JP2011149533A (ja) | 2011-08-04 |
JP5261408B2 (ja) | 2013-08-14 |
CA2787670A1 (en) | 2011-07-28 |
US20130014854A1 (en) | 2013-01-17 |
CN102713404A (zh) | 2012-10-03 |
CN102713404B (zh) | 2014-10-15 |
US8662115B2 (en) | 2014-03-04 |
DE112010005176T5 (de) | 2012-10-31 |
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