WO2011078109A1 - トラック車輌用の空調制御装置、トラック車輌、車輌、及びその制御装置 - Google Patents
トラック車輌用の空調制御装置、トラック車輌、車輌、及びその制御装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011078109A1 WO2011078109A1 PCT/JP2010/072872 JP2010072872W WO2011078109A1 WO 2011078109 A1 WO2011078109 A1 WO 2011078109A1 JP 2010072872 W JP2010072872 W JP 2010072872W WO 2011078109 A1 WO2011078109 A1 WO 2011078109A1
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- power
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- solar cell
- battery
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00421—Driving arrangements for parts of a vehicle air-conditioning
- B60H1/00428—Driving arrangements for parts of a vehicle air-conditioning electric
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00007—Combined heating, ventilating, or cooling devices
- B60H1/00014—Combined heating, ventilating, or cooling devices for load cargos on load transporting vehicles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60P—VEHICLES ADAPTED FOR LOAD TRANSPORTATION OR TO TRANSPORT, TO CARRY, OR TO COMPRISE SPECIAL LOADS OR OBJECTS
- B60P3/00—Vehicles adapted to transport, to carry or to comprise special loads or objects
- B60P3/20—Refrigerated goods vehicles
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D11/00—Self-contained movable devices, e.g. domestic refrigerators
- F25D11/003—Transport containers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
- Y02T10/88—Optimized components or subsystems, e.g. lighting, actively controlled glasses
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an air conditioning control device for a truck vehicle and a truck vehicle equipped with a solar battery that drives an air conditioner in a driver's cab with electric energy generated by a solar battery panel provided on a loading platform.
- the present invention also relates to a vehicle equipped with a solar cell panel for driving an in-vehicle device such as a refrigerator using electric energy generated by the solar cell panel provided on the cargo bed, and a control device therefor.
- Truck drivers often take a nap or break in the driver's cab to drive long distances, and adjust the room temperature using an air conditioner during a nap or break. The same applies when the vehicle is waiting for delivery. Meanwhile, the engine is idling, the compressor is operated, and the air conditioner is driven. However, idling the engine only to drive the air conditioner consumes a considerable amount of fuel, and the environmental load due to carbon dioxide and exhaust gas is large.
- the truck adjusts the room temperature using an air conditioner for a long time while traveling, and a considerable amount of fuel is consumed to operate the compressor for air conditioning refrigerant compression. It has an influence.
- Patent Document 1 a system has been proposed in which a solar battery panel is provided on the platform of a truck vehicle, and the air conditioner in the cab is driven by electric energy generated by the solar battery panel (see Patent Document 1).
- electric energy generated by a solar cell panel provided on a cargo bed is charged in a storage battery, and the air conditioner is driven by the storage battery when the vehicle is stopped.
- the charge mode is selected and the generated power of the solar cell is supplied to the battery.
- the battery is charged. If the amount of charge exceeds the set value and the generated power is larger than the required minimum power amount, the generated power is supplied to the air conditioner. At this time, if there is a margin in the charge amount of the battery, the battery power can be supplied to the air conditioner and parking ventilation is performed in the ventilation mode (see Patent Document 2).
- a solar battery panel is provided in the cargo bed, and electric energy generated by the solar battery panel is used for driving the refrigeration system in preference to driving the refrigeration system by the engine.
- Has been proposed see Patent Document 3).
- Patent Document 1 nor Patent Document 2 is supposed to perform an air-conditioning operation by an air-conditioning apparatus only with the generated power of the solar cell.
- control method described in Patent Document 3 drives the refrigeration system only with the electric energy from the solar panel depending on whether or not the engine is stopped or the difference between the temperature inside the refrigeration vehicle and the set temperature. It controls whether to drive the engine or to use it together.
- the electrical energy from the solar panel greatly varies depending on the amount of sunlight, etc., depending on whether the engine is stopped or the difference between the temperature in the freezer car and the set temperature. Even if it is attempted to control the refrigeration system to be driven only by electric energy, sufficient electric power is not always obtained, and practical control cannot be performed.
- a first object of the present invention is to provide a truck vehicle air-conditioning control device capable of operating an air-conditioning device using only the generated power of a solar cell as much as possible.
- the second object of the present invention is to provide a technique for efficiently using the power generated by the solar cell panel by appropriately selecting the supply destination of the power generated by the solar cell panel.
- the air conditioning control device for a truck vehicle is configured as follows. That is, the present invention relates to a driving vehicle provided with an air conditioner that adjusts the room temperature in the cab, a cargo bed that is connected to the driving vehicle and covers a load storage unit, and a solar cell provided in the cargo bed body.
- An air conditioning control device for a truck vehicle comprising a panel, Detection means for obtaining the generated power of the solar cell panel, or the amount of solar radiation, The operation of the air conditioner that can be operated with the generated power of the solar cell panel based on the required power in each of the plurality of operation modes prepared in the air conditioner and the generated power of the solar cell panel or the amount of solar radiation.
- An air-conditioning control apparatus for a truck vehicle including a determining unit that determines a mode.
- the air conditioner based on the generated power of the solar battery panel or the amount of solar radiation obtained by the detection means and the required power in the operation mode, the air conditioner that can be operated with the generated power of the solar battery panel.
- the operation mode is determined.
- the air conditioner can be operated with only the power generated by the solar cell as much as possible.
- the air-conditioning control apparatus further includes on / off detection means for detecting whether the engine of the truck vehicle is on or off, and the determination means is when the engine of the truck vehicle is on and off. And different operation modes can be determined.
- the method (flow) and conditions for determining the operation mode of the air conditioner can be different depending on whether the engine is on or off.
- the determining means determines an air conditioning mode that is one of operation modes of the plurality of air conditioning devices when the engine of the truck vehicle is on, When the engine of the truck vehicle is off, a ventilation mode, which is another operation mode of the plurality of air conditioners, can be determined under a predetermined condition.
- the room temperature, outside temperature, and set value are within a certain range, operating in the ventilation mode brings the temperature in the driving room closer to the target value with less energy consumption than operating in the air conditioning mode. Can do.
- the room temperature in the cab can be changed in an appropriate direction by operating in the air conditioning mode.
- the air conditioning control device further includes room temperature detection means for detecting the room temperature in the cab and / or outside air temperature detection means for detecting the outside air temperature
- the determination means includes (i) At least two of the required power in each of the plurality of operation modes, (ii) the generated power or solar radiation amount of the solar panel, and (iii) the room temperature, the outside air temperature, and the set temperature of the air conditioner
- the operation mode of the air conditioner that can be operated with electric power from the solar cell panel is determined based on the above.
- the air conditioning operation of the air conditioner can be performed in the operation mode.
- the air conditioner has a specification that allows only output adjustment, it is possible to perform operation in different operation modes from the difference between the two using room temperature and set temperature.
- the air conditioner can operate according to the set temperature in addition to the output adjustment, the operation is performed in different operation modes depending on the difference between the room temperature or the outside air temperature and the set temperature. be able to.
- the operation mode can be determined based on the differences among the room temperature, the outside air temperature, and the set temperature.
- the output adjustment of the air conditioner is performed, for example, by adjusting the air volume or the air temperature.
- indoor ventilation can be performed by ventilating outside air indoors with a blower, without using an evaporator, a heater core, etc., for example.
- the air-conditioning control apparatus which concerns on 1st invention of this application is one of the operation modes of these air conditioning apparatus when the said determination means has the temperature difference of the said room temperature and the said external temperature below a threshold value.
- An air conditioning mode is determined, and when the temperature difference is larger than a threshold value, if the temperature difference between the outside air temperature and the set temperature is equal to or less than the temperature difference between the room temperature and the set temperature, the operation modes of the plurality of air conditioners It can be configured to determine a ventilation mode that is one of the other, otherwise to determine the air conditioning mode.
- the determination means when the determination means has a temperature difference between the room temperature and the set temperature equal to or greater than a first threshold value, Attempt to operate in the first air conditioning mode, When the temperature difference is less than a first threshold value and the temperature difference between the room temperature and the set temperature is equal to or greater than a second threshold value that is smaller than the first threshold value, other than the operation modes of the plurality of air conditioners
- the first air conditioning mode which is one of the above, can be configured so as to try operation in the second air conditioning mode having a lower required power than the first air conditioning mode.
- the air conditioner can be operated with only the generated power of the solar cell panel as much as possible by operating the air conditioner in the operation mode with low required power.
- the determination means is configured such that the generated power of the solar battery panel is one of the plurality of operation modes. If the discharge power of the storage battery can satisfy the required power in combination with the generated power of the solar battery panel when the required power of the air conditioning mode is less than 1, the first air conditioning mode is changed to the solar battery panel and the solar battery panel. If it is decided to operate with the discharge power of the storage battery and the discharge power of the storage battery cannot be satisfied even if the discharge power of the storage battery is combined with the generated power of the solar battery panel, the request power is higher than the first air conditioning mode. It can be configured to determine whether or not the second low air conditioning mode can be operated with the generated power of the solar cell panel.
- the determination means determines whether or not the second air conditioning mode having a lower required power than the first air conditioning mode can be operated with the generated power of the solar panel, based on the room temperature and the set temperature of the air conditioner. It can be configured so as to be performed on condition that the temperature difference between and is a threshold value or more. When the temperature difference between the room temperature and the set temperature is equal to or greater than the threshold value, there is a high possibility that the cab is at an uncomfortable room temperature. Therefore, it is preferable to keep the room temperature as close to the set temperature as possible. Therefore, when the operation in the first air conditioning mode cannot be performed with the power of the solar battery panel and the storage battery, the operation in the second air conditioning mode is attempted so that the room temperature in the cab approaches a comfortable direction. can do.
- the determining means determines that the generated power of the solar battery panel is one required power of the plurality of operation modes. If the discharge power of the storage battery can satisfy the required power in combination with the generated power of the solar battery panel, the one of the plurality of operation modes is the discharge power of the solar battery panel and the storage battery. When it is determined to operate and the required power cannot be satisfied even if the discharge power of the storage battery is combined with the generated power of the solar panel, the solar cell panel and the one of the plurality of operation modes are selected. It can be configured to determine to operate with the power generated by the alternator.
- the storage battery can be used as a preferential auxiliary power source, and the alternator can be used as a secondary auxiliary power source to operate the air conditioner in a desired operation mode. It is possible to try operation with only the generated power.
- the determining means in the case where the truck vehicle includes an alternator, has the generated power of the solar cell panel satisfying one required power of the plurality of operation modes. If not, it can be configured to determine that one of the plurality of operation modes is operated by the generated power of the solar cell panel and the alternator.
- the air conditioner can be operated in a desired operation mode using the alternator as an auxiliary power source.
- the determination unit determines to charge the storage battery with the surplus power when the surplus power is included in the generated power of the alternator. It may be configured. If it does in this way, when using the storage battery charged with the electric power with an alternator as an auxiliary power supply of a solar cell panel, it will become possible to make the residual amount of a storage battery into a favorable state.
- the determination means executes the operation mode determination process based on usage schedule information indicating a business day and a business time zone of the truck vehicle stored in advance. You may comprise so that it may do. In this way, it is possible to determine the operation mode during business and operate the air conditioner. Alternatively, by determining the operation mode from a predetermined time before the start time of the business hours and allowing the air conditioner to be operated, the atmosphere and room temperature in the cab are brought close to appropriate states by the business start time. Can do.
- the air conditioning control device can be configured to further include a heat generation control unit that performs control to supply heat generation power to the solar cell panel when the outside air temperature is equal to or lower than a threshold value. . If it does in this way, the snow which fell on the surface of the solar cell panel can be melt
- the air conditioning control device may be configured to further include connection control means for connecting power from an external power source connected to the interface unit provided in the truck vehicle to the air conditioning device. it can. In this way, the air conditioner can be operated with an external power source.
- the air conditioning control device is configured to supply the generated power from the solar battery panel to the air conditioning device, a storage battery included in the truck vehicle, and an external load provided in the truck vehicle. Selection means for setting at least one of the output interface units to be connected can be further included. In this way, the generated power of the solar cell panel can be charged not only to the operation of the air conditioner but also to a storage battery used as an auxiliary power source of the solar cell panel or supplied to an external load. If a fee corresponding to the supplied power is collected at the time of supply to the external load, so-called power sale can be performed.
- the truck vehicle according to the first invention of the present application includes a driving vehicle provided with an air conditioner that adjusts the room temperature in the cab; A loading platform having a loading platform body connected to the driving vehicle and covering a load storage portion; A solar panel provided on the cargo bed body; Based on detection means for obtaining the generated power or solar radiation amount of the solar cell panel, and required power in each of a plurality of operation modes prepared in the air conditioner, and the generated power or solar radiation amount of the solar cell panel An air-conditioning control device including at least determination means for determining an operation mode of the air-conditioning device operable with the generated power of the solar cell panel; It is a truck vehicle provided with.
- the truck vehicle according to the first invention of the present application may further include an interface unit for electrically connecting the air conditioner and an external power source.
- truck vehicle according to the first invention of the present application may further include an output interface unit for outputting the generated power from the solar cell panel to the outside.
- vehicle and the control device thereof according to the second invention of the present application are configured as follows in order to achieve the second object described above.
- a control device for a vehicle includes a cooling storage provided in at least a part of the vehicle, a cooling unit that cools the inside of the cooling storage, and a solar cell that supplies power to the cooling unit.
- a vehicle control device comprising: A detection unit for determining the generated power or solar radiation of the solar cell panel; Based on the required power in each of the plurality of operation modes prepared in the cooling unit and the generated power or solar radiation amount of the solar cell panel, the operation mode of the cooling unit that can be operated with the generated power of the solar cell panel And a determination unit for determining.
- the control apparatus for a vehicle according to the second invention of the present application further includes an on / off detection unit that detects on or off of the engine of the vehicle, The determination unit may determine different operation modes depending on whether the engine of the truck vehicle is on or off.
- the internal temperature detection part which detects the internal temperature of the said cooling storage, A storage unit that stores a set temperature set as a target value of the internal temperature;
- the determination unit can be operated with power from the solar cell panel based on required power in each of the plurality of operation modes, generated power or solar radiation of the solar cell panel, the internal temperature, and the set temperature.
- the operation mode can be determined.
- the determination unit when the temperature difference between the internal temperature and the set temperature is not less than a first threshold value, the determination unit is configured to operate the plurality of operation modes. Trying to operate in the first cooling mode, which is one of When the temperature difference is less than a first threshold and the temperature difference is greater than or equal to a second threshold smaller than the first threshold, the first cooling that is another of the plurality of operation modes. You may be comprised so that the driving
- the vehicle further includes a storage battery
- the determining unit determines the discharge power of the storage battery and the power generated by the solar cell panel. If the above-mentioned required power can be satisfied together, the first cooling mode is determined to be operated with the generated power of the solar battery panel and the discharged power of the storage battery, and the discharged power of the storage battery is used as the solar battery panel. If the required power cannot be satisfied even when combined with the generated power, the second cooling mode having a lower required power than the first cooling mode can be operated with the generated power of the solar cell panel. It may be configured to determine.
- the determination unit capable of operating the second cooling mode having a lower required power than the first cooling mode with the generated power of the solar cell panel? It may be configured to perform the determination as to whether the temperature difference between the internal temperature of the cooling storage and the set temperature set as the target value of the internal temperature is equal to or greater than a threshold value.
- the determination unit determines that the generated power of the solar cell panel is one of the plurality of operation modes. If the discharge power of the storage battery can satisfy the required power in combination with the generated power of the solar battery panel when the power is less than the power, one of the plurality of operation modes is discharged from the solar battery panel and the storage battery. In the case where the required power cannot be satisfied even if the discharge power of the storage battery is combined with the generated power of the solar battery panel, one of the plurality of operation modes is set to the solar battery panel and It may be configured to determine to operate with the power generated by the alternator.
- control device for a vehicle when the vehicle further includes an alternator, the determination unit operates one of the plurality of operation modes with the generated power of the solar cell panel and the alternator when the generated power of the solar cell panel is less than one required power of the plurality of operation modes. It may be configured to determine what to do.
- control device for a vehicle when the vehicle further includes a storage battery, The determination unit may be configured to determine that the surplus power is charged in the storage battery when surplus power is included in the generated power of the alternator.
- the determination unit performs the operation mode determination process based on use schedule information indicating a business day and a business time zone of the vehicle stored in advance. It may be configured to execute.
- the vehicle control device is configured to further include a heat generation control unit that performs control to supply heat generation power to the solar cell panel when the outside air temperature is equal to or lower than a threshold value. May be.
- vehicle control device may be configured to further include a connection control unit that connects power from an external power source connected to the interface unit to the cooling unit. .
- a control device for a vehicle wherein the supply destination of the generated power from the solar cell panel is at least one of the output interface unit connected to the cooling unit, the storage battery, and an external power source. It may be configured to further include a selection unit to be set.
- the vehicle according to the second invention of the present application is a cooling storage, A cooling unit for cooling the inside of the cooling storage; A solar cell panel for supplying power to the cooling unit; Based on the required power in each of a plurality of operation modes prepared in the detection unit and the cooling unit for obtaining the generated power or the amount of solar radiation of the solar cell panel, and the generated power of the solar cell panel, the solar cell panel And a control unit including at least a determination unit that determines an operation mode of the cooling unit that can be operated with the generated power.
- vehicle according to the second invention of the present application may further include an interface unit for electrically connecting the cooling unit and an external power source.
- vehicle according to the second invention of the present application can further include an output interface unit for outputting the generated power from the solar cell panel to the outside.
- the air conditioner can be operated using only the generated power of the solar cell as much as possible.
- the electric power generated with a solar cell panel can be used efficiently by selecting the supply destination of the electric power generated with a solar cell panel appropriately.
- FIG. 1 (A) is a diagram showing the overall configuration of a solar cell loaded truck vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 1 (B) is a diagram showing the overall configuration of a solar cell powered truck vehicle according to another embodiment.
- . 2 schematically shows the loading platform of the truck vehicle of FIG. 1, FIG. 2 (A) is a view from above, FIG. 2 (B) is a view from the rear, and FIG. 2 (C) is a loading platform body. It is a side view which shows a part of in cross section.
- 3A is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a general configuration of a solar cell panel
- FIG. 3B is a plan view of a unit panel in which solar cell elements are panelized
- FIG. 3C is an intermediate spacer portion.
- FIG. 4A is a diagram illustrating an installation example of the solar cell panel of FIG. 3
- FIG. 4B is a circuit diagram illustrating an electrical connection example of each solar cell element of the solar cell panel
- FIG. FIG. 4 (D) is an explanatory view when the connection of the solar cell elements has a monolithic structure.
- FIG. 5 shows an example in which an amorphous silicon solar cell element is used as a solar cell panel.
- FIG. 5A is a plan view of the panel, and FIG. 5B is a schematic exploded perspective view.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic explanatory diagram of an air conditioning control system (truck air conditioning system).
- FIG. 7 is a detailed explanatory diagram of the system controller (control device) and peripheral devices shown in FIG. FIG.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing an example of air conditioning control in an automatic operation mode applied to an add-on type air conditioner.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing an example of air conditioning control in an automatic operation mode applied to an add-on type air conditioner.
- FIG. 10 is a flowchart illustrating an example of air conditioning control in an automatic operation mode applied to an add-on type air conditioner.
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart illustrating an example of air conditioning control in an automatic operation mode applied to an add-on type air conditioner.
- FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing a first air conditioning control example in an automatic operation mode applied to a built-in type air conditioner.
- FIG. 13 is a flowchart illustrating a first air conditioning control example in an automatic operation mode applied to a built-in type air conditioner.
- FIG. 14 is a flowchart illustrating a first air conditioning control example in an automatic operation mode applied to a built-in type air conditioner.
- FIG. 15 is a flowchart illustrating a second air conditioning control example in an automatic operation mode applied to a built-in type air conditioner.
- FIG. 16 is a flowchart illustrating a second air conditioning control example in an automatic operation mode applied to a built-in type air conditioner.
- FIG. 17A schematically shows the relationship between the set temperature Tset and the temperature differences Td1, Td2, and Td3.
- FIG. 17B is a diagram showing the set temperature Tset when the room temperature Tin ⁇ outside temperature Tout as a number line
- FIG. 17C shows the set temperature Tset when the outside temperature Tout ⁇ room temperature Tin as a number line.
- FIG. 17D is a list showing the states ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 8> shown in FIGS. 17B and 17C, and shows details of the determination in step S30 (Td3 ⁇ Td1?).
- FIG. 18 is a graph showing states ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 4> in the case of Tin ⁇ Tout shown in FIG.
- FIG. 19 is a graph showing states ⁇ 5> to ⁇ 8> in the case of Tout ⁇ Tin shown in FIG.
- FIG. 20 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a subroutine for battery charging processing.
- FIG. 21 is a flowchart illustrating an example of the snow cover prevention mode process.
- FIG. 22 is a flowchart illustrating an example of the snow cover prevention mode process.
- FIG. 23 is a flowchart illustrating an example of the snow cover prevention mode process.
- FIG. 24 is a flowchart illustrating an example of the snow accumulation prevention mode process.
- FIG. 25 is an operation explanatory diagram of the snow cover prevention mode, and schematically shows a circuit configuration of an air conditioning control system during an air conditioning operation using electric power from a solar battery panel.
- FIG. 26 is an explanatory diagram of the operation of the snow cover prevention mode, and schematically shows the circuit configuration of the air conditioning control system when a reverse current is supplied to the solar cell panel by executing the snow cover prevention mode.
- FIG. 27 (A) is a diagram showing the overall configuration of a solar cell-equipped truck vehicle according to the second embodiment of the present invention, and FIG.
- FIG. 27 (B) is a diagram for explaining the inside of the truck body of the truck vehicle.
- FIG. 28 is a diagram schematically showing a drive system of the refrigerator.
- FIG. 29 is an explanatory diagram of the control device.
- FIG. 30 is a diagram illustrating a mode determination table in which the internal temperature and the set temperature are stored in association with the determined modes.
- FIG. 31 is an explanatory diagram of an example in which the mode is determined based on the internal temperature and the set temperature.
- FIG. 32 is a diagram showing a mode determination table in which conditions such as ignition, power generation amount or solar radiation amount, battery remaining amount, and the determined mode are stored in association with each other.
- FIG. 33 is an overall flow diagram illustrating an example of automatic control of power supplied to the refrigerator.
- FIG. 33 is an overall flow diagram illustrating an example of automatic control of power supplied to the refrigerator.
- FIG. 34 is a flowchart of the refrigeration strong mode when the ignition is OFF.
- FIG. 35 is a flowchart of the refrigeration weak mode when the ignition is OFF.
- FIG. 36 is a flowchart of the high-strength mode when the ignition is ON.
- FIG. 37 is a flowchart of the refrigeration weak mode when the ignition is ON.
- FIG. 38 is a flowchart of refrigerator control.
- FIG. 39 is a flowchart of refrigerator control.
- FIG. 40 is a flowchart of refrigerator control.
- FIG. 41 is a flowchart of refrigerator control.
- the air conditioning control device for a truck vehicle according to the present invention can be applied to, for example, the following truck vehicle. That is, a driving vehicle having an air conditioner for adjusting the room temperature in the cab and a cargo bed body connected to the driving vehicle and having a cargo bed body that covers the load accommodating portion, and supplying electric energy to the air conditioning device to the cargo bed body
- the present invention can be applied to a truck vehicle provided with a solar cell panel that satisfies the following (1) or (2).
- Two or more air conditioners for adjusting the room temperature in the cab, and a maximum output q per unit weight of the solar panel divided by the maximum power consumption of at least one air conditioner divided by the weight of the solar panel It is set to be 1.2 times or more.
- Only one air conditioner for adjusting the room temperature in the cab is provided, and the maximum output q per unit weight of the solar panel is a value obtained by dividing the maximum power consumption of the air conditioner by the weight of the solar panel. Set to be 0.2 times or more.
- the maximum output q per unit weight of the solar cell panel is obtained by dividing the above Wp by the weight of the solar cell panel, and is an indicator of a lightweight and high output solar cell panel.
- the truck vehicle can further include a storage battery that stores the surplus power generated by the solar battery panel and supplements the insufficient power.
- FIG. 1A is a diagram showing an overall configuration of a truck vehicle equipped with a solar cell according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1B is a diagram showing an overall configuration of a truck vehicle on which a solar cell according to another embodiment is mounted.
- FIG. 1 (A) indicates the entire truck vehicle.
- the truck vehicle 1 includes a driving vehicle 10 and a loading platform 20, and the loading platform 20 is provided with a loading platform body 21 including a storage chamber 21 a (FIG. 2C) that stores a load.
- the driving vehicle 10 is provided with two air conditioners, a main air conditioner 130 for adjusting the room temperature in the cab 11 and a sub air conditioner 30.
- the air conditioner 130 is driven by the driving force of the engine of the truck vehicle 1.
- a solar cell panel 40 that supplies electrical energy to the sub air conditioner 30 is provided on the outer surface of the cargo bed body 21, and the air conditioner 30 is driven mainly by electric power from the solar cell panel 40.
- the loading platform 20 is provided with a storage battery 50 that stores surplus power generated by the solar cell panel 40 and supplements the insufficient power of the solar cell panel 40.
- the driving vehicle 10 is provided with a driver seat 12 and a passenger seat 13 in the front part of the driver's cab 11, and a nap cabin 14 is provided in the rear.
- a sub air conditioner 30 for the nap cabin 14 is newly provided, and the indoor unit 31 is mounted on the rear wall panel of the driving vehicle 10.
- the outdoor unit 32 is mounted in a space between the roof of the driving vehicle 10 and the air guide plate 15.
- the sub air conditioner 30 itself has a known structure
- the outdoor unit 32 is provided with a compressor (not shown) that pressurizes the vaporized refrigerant, and a condenser that condenses the refrigerant
- the indoor unit 31 is provided with an evaporator that vaporizes the refrigerant.
- the refrigerant circulates through the piping.
- the indoor unit 31 is provided with a blower (fan or blower), and cool air or hot air heat-exchanged by the evaporator is blown into the room.
- the compressor of the outdoor unit 32 that constitutes the air conditioner 30 and the air blower motor provided in the indoor unit 31 are driven and controlled by the electric energy generated by the solar cell panel 40.
- the main air conditioner 130 also has a well-known structure, and although not particularly shown, the main air conditioner 130 includes a compressor that pressurizes the vaporized refrigerant, a condenser that condenses the refrigerant, and an evaporator that vaporizes the refrigerant. As a result, the cold air heat-exchanged from the front part of the cab is blown into the room.
- the compressor and blower of the air conditioner 130 are normally driven by the driving force of the engine.
- the cooling operation is performed as described above. In the heating operation, warm air is blown into the room by using a heater core or the like instead of the evaporator.
- the power of the air conditioner 130 can be switched and transmitted between an engine and an electric motor (not shown) by an electromagnetic clutch (not shown).
- an electromagnetic clutch not shown
- the electric power from the solar cell panel 40 is supplied to an electric motor (not shown), and the power of the electric motor is changed by the switching operation of an electromagnetic clutch (not shown).
- the blower of the air conditioner 130 can be driven by the electric power from the solar cell panel 40.
- the electric motor can be connected to a compressor or the like via an electromagnetic clutch when the engine is off so that the air conditioner 130 is driven even when the engine is stopped.
- the left and right wings (top plate panel and side surface) 22 and 22 open and close up and down around the hinge portion 23 at the center of the top surface.
- the wing body has a rectangular parallelepiped shape like a so-called van body, and the top panels 24 and 24 of the wings 22 and 22 have a substantially horizontal planar shape.
- a solar cell panel 40 is mounted on the top panel 24, 24 of the wing.
- the solar cell panel 40 is connected to the control device 60 via an electric cable 420.
- the control device 60 is also connected to the indoor unit 31, the outdoor unit 32, and the storage battery 50 of the sub air conditioner 30.
- the control device 60 is provided on the driving vehicle 10 or the loading platform 20, and the indoor unit 31 and the outdoor unit 32 of the air conditioner 30 are driven and controlled.
- the solar cell panel 40 is configured as a panel in which a plurality of solar cell elements are connected in series and / or in parallel. As shown in FIG. 3A, the light receiving surface side of the solar cell element 41 ( Protective layers 44 and 45 on the front and back sides are optionally provided on both the non-light-receiving surface side and the non-light-receiving surface side with sealing material layers 42 and 43 interposed therebetween. If necessary, other layers such as a gas barrier layer and a getter material layer may be provided at an arbitrary place.
- the solar cell element 41 is usually formed by sandwiching a power generation layer (photoelectric conversion layer) 41c between at least a pair of electrodes 41a and 41b.
- a buffer layer may be interposed between the power generation layer 41c and the electrodes 41a and 41b.
- the electrodes 41a and 41b are connected to the extraction electrode, and the generated electric power can be extracted to the outside.
- the type of power generation layer is not limited, but thin film single crystal silicon, thin film polycrystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, inorganic semiconductor materials, dyes, organic semiconductor materials, and the like can be preferably used. These are preferable because they have relatively high power generation efficiency and can reduce the weight of the thin film.
- a thin film polycrystalline silicon solar cell element using thin film polycrystalline silicon as a power generation layer is a type of solar cell element utilizing indirect optical transition. For this reason, in a thin film polycrystalline silicon solar cell element, it is preferable to provide sufficient light confinement structures, such as forming an uneven structure on the substrate or the surface, to increase light absorption.
- Thin film polycrystalline silicon can be formed on a substrate by a conventional method such as a CVD method.
- Amorphous silicon solar cell elements using amorphous silicon as the power generation layer are those in which the indirect optical transition in crystalline silicon is a direct transition due to structural disorder, the optical absorption coefficient in the visible region is large, and the thickness is about 1 ⁇ m.
- This thin film has the advantage that it can sufficiently absorb sunlight. For this reason, if an amorphous silicon solar cell element is used as the solar cell element, a lighter solar cell panel can be realized. Further, since amorphous silicon is an amorphous material, it is resistant to deformation and can be made flexible.
- a compound semiconductor solar cell element using an inorganic semiconductor material (compound semiconductor) as the power generation layer is preferable because of its high power generation efficiency.
- compound semiconductor compound semiconductor
- chalcogenide-based power generation layers containing chalcogen elements such as S, Se, and Te are preferable, and I-III-VI group 2 semiconductor-based (chalcopyrite-based) power generation layers are preferable.
- Cu— using Cu as a group I element is preferable.
- the III-VI group 2 semiconductor-based power generation layer is theoretically preferable because of its extremely high photoelectric conversion efficiency.
- CIS semiconductors and CIGS semiconductors are particularly preferable.
- CIS-based semiconductor refers to CuIn (Se 1-y S y ) 2 (0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1)
- CI GS system semiconductors refers to Cu (In 1-x Ga x ) (Se 1-y S y) 2 (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1,0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1).
- a dye-sensitized power generation layer composed of, for example, a titanium oxide layer and an electrolyte layer is also preferable because of high power generation efficiency.
- an organic semiconductor material may be used for the power generation layer to form an organic solar cell element.
- the organic semiconductor material is composed of a p-type semiconductor and an n-type semiconductor.
- the p-type semiconductor is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a low molecular material and a high molecular material.
- low molecular weight material examples include condensed aromatic hydrocarbons such as naphthacene, pentacene, pyrene and fullerene; oligothiophenes containing 4 or more thiophene rings such as ⁇ -sexithiophene; thiophene ring, benzene ring, fluorene ring, Concatenated four or more naphthalene rings, anthracene rings, thiazole rings, thiadiazole rings, and benzothiazole rings; phthalocyanine compounds such as copper phthalocyanine, zinc phthalocyanine, and perfluorocopper phthalocyanine; porphyrin compounds such as tetrabenzoporphyrin and metal complexes thereof And macrocyclic compounds such as metal salts thereof.
- condensed aromatic hydrocarbons such as naphthacene, pentacene, pyrene and fullerene
- polymer material examples include conjugated polymers such as polythiophene, polyfluorene, polythienylene vinylene, polyacetylene, and polyaniline; and polymer semiconductors such as alkyl-substituted oligothiophene.
- the n-type semiconductor is not particularly limited.
- Examples include carbon nanotubes.
- the electrode can be formed using one or more arbitrary materials having conductivity.
- metals such as platinum, gold, silver, aluminum, chromium, nickel, copper, titanium, magnesium, calcium, barium, sodium, or alloys thereof; metal oxides such as indium oxide or tin oxide, or alloys thereof (ITO)
- Conductive polymers such as polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene, and polyacetylene; acids such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and sulfonic acid, Lewis acids such as FeCl 3 , halogen atoms such as iodine, sodium, potassium, etc.
- examples thereof include those containing a dopant such as a metal atom; conductive composite materials in which conductive particles such as metal particles, carbon black, fullerene, and carbon nanotubes are dispersed in a matrix such as a polymer binder.
- An electrode material suitable for collecting holes is a material having a high work function such as Au or ITO.
- an electrode material suitable for collecting electrons is a material having a low work function such as Al. Two or more electrodes may be laminated, and characteristics (electric characteristics, wetting characteristics, etc.) may be improved by surface treatment.
- the method of forming the electrode can be formed by a dry process such as vacuum deposition or sputtering, or can be formed by a wet process using a conductive ink or the like.
- Any conductive ink can be used.
- a conductive polymer, a metal particle dispersion, or the like can be used.
- the electrode on the light receiving surface side of the solar cell element is preferably transparent in order to transmit light used for power generation.
- the electrode is not transparent, such as the area of the electrode is smaller than the area of the power generation layer, the electrode does not necessarily have to be transparent if the power generation performance is not adversely affected.
- transparent electrode materials include oxides such as ITO and indium zinc oxide (IZO); and metal thin films.
- the specific range of the light transmittance is not limited, but 80% or more is preferable in consideration of the power generation efficiency of the solar cell element. The light transmittance can be measured with a normal spectrophotometer.
- a protective layer (referred to as a surface protective layer) is provided on the light receiving surface side of the solar cell element.
- a sealing material layer may be provided between the solar cell element and the protective layer for the purpose of sealing the solar cell element and bonding the protective layer.
- a protective layer will serve as the sealing function of a solar cell element.
- the surface protective layer is usually located on the outermost surface of the solar cell panel and is formed for the purpose of mechanical strength, weather resistance, scratch resistance, chemical resistance, gas barrier properties, and the like.
- the specific strength is not related to the strength of the encapsulant layer and the back surface protective layer, but it cannot be said unconditionally, but the entire solar cell panel has good bending workability and does not cause peeling of the bent portion. It is desirable to have.
- the surface protective layer is preferably one that transmits visible light from the viewpoint of not hindering light absorption of the solar cell element.
- the transmittance of visible light (wavelength 360 to 830 nm) is preferably 80% or more, and more preferably 90% or more.
- the surface protective layer preferably has heat resistance, and the melting point of the constituent material of the surface protective layer is usually 100 ° C. or higher, preferably 120 ° C. or higher. Moreover, it is 350 degrees C or less normally, Preferably it is 320 degrees C or less.
- the material for the surface protective layer can be selected in consideration of these characteristics, and is not particularly limited.
- fluorine resin is preferable, and specific examples thereof include polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), 4-fluoroethylene-perchloroalkoxy copolymer (PFA), 4-fluoroethylene-6-fluoride.
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- PFA 4-fluoroethylene-perchloroalkoxy copolymer
- FEP Propylene copolymer
- ETFE 2-ethylene-4-fluoroethylene copolymer
- PCTFE poly-3-fluoroethylene chloride
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- PVF polyvinyl fluoride
- the surface protective layer may be formed of two or more materials.
- the surface protective layer may be a single layer or a laminate composed of two or more layers.
- the thickness of the surface protective layer is not particularly defined, but is usually 10 ⁇ m or more, preferably 15 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 20 ⁇ m or more, and usually 200 ⁇ m or less, preferably 180 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 150 ⁇ m or less. Increasing the thickness tends to increase mechanical strength, and decreasing the thickness tends to increase flexibility. However, when the surface protective layer also serves as a sealing material layer, the thickness of the surface protective layer is usually 100 ⁇ m or more, preferably 150 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 200 ⁇ m or more, and usually 3 mm or less, preferably 1.5 mm or less. More preferably, it is 1 mm or less.
- the sealing material layer is usually provided for the purpose of sealing the solar cell element and bonding the protective layer, but also contributes to improvement in mechanical strength, weather resistance, gas barrier properties, and the like. Further, at least the sealing material layer on the light-receiving surface side preferably transmits visible light and has high heat resistance like the surface protective layer.
- the material of the encapsulant layer can be selected in consideration of these characteristics, and is not particularly limited.
- ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) resin polyolefin resin, AS (acrylonitrile-styrene) resin, ABS (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene) resin, polyvinyl chloride resin, fluorine resin, polyester resin such as polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, phenol resin, polyacrylic resin, (hydrogenated) epoxy resin, various nylon, etc.
- EVA ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer
- AS acrylonitrile-styrene
- ABS acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene
- polyvinyl chloride resin fluorine resin
- polyester resin such as polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, phenol resin, polyacrylic resin, (hydrogenated) epoxy resin, various nylon, etc.
- polyester resin such as
- an ethylene copolymer resin is preferable, and an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) resin or a polyolefin resin made of a copolymer of ethylene and another olefin is more preferable.
- EVA ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer
- a polyolefin resin made of a copolymer of ethylene and another olefin is more preferable.
- examples thereof include resins made of propylene / ethylene / ⁇ -olefin copolymer, ethylene / ⁇ -olefin copolymer, and the like.
- the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) resin composition is usually made into an EVA resin by blending a crosslinking agent in order to improve weather resistance to form a crosslinked structure.
- a crosslinking agent an organic peroxide that generates radicals at 100 ° C. or higher is generally used.
- the compounding amount of the organic peroxide is usually 1 to 5 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the EVA resin.
- the EVA resin composition may contain a silane coupling agent for the purpose of improving adhesive strength, or may contain hydroquinone or the like for the purpose of improving stability.
- thermoplastic resin composition in which a propylene polymer and a soft propylene copolymer are blended with an appropriate composition is usually used.
- sealing material layer may be formed of two or more materials. Further, the sealing material layer may be a single layer or a laminate composed of two or more layers.
- each sealing material layer is not particularly limited, but is usually 100 ⁇ m or more, preferably 150 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 200 ⁇ m or more, and usually 3 mm or less, preferably 1.5 mm or less, more preferably 1 mm or less. It is. Increasing the thickness tends to increase the mechanical strength of the solar cell panel, and decreasing the thickness tends to increase flexibility and improve visible light transmittance.
- These surface protective layers and / or encapsulant layers are formed by a conventionally known method such as pressure bonding of a film or sheet formed in advance, application of liquid resin / printing film formation, liquid resin casting, etc. Can be formed.
- a protective layer (referred to as a back surface protective layer) is provided on the non-light receiving surface side.
- the back surface protective layer also has a function as a support member and a substrate, so it has high mechanical strength, is excellent in weather resistance, heat resistance, water resistance and the like, and is preferably lightweight, and also for deformation of the installation site of the solar cell panel. Those that can be deformed by following are preferable.
- Examples of the material for forming the back surface protective layer include inorganic materials such as glass, sapphire, and titania; polyethylene terephthalate resin, polyethylene naphthalate resin, polyethersulfone resin, polyimide resin, (hydrogenated) epoxy resin, nylon resin, polystyrene Resin, polyvinyl alcohol resin, ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer, fluororesin film, vinyl chloride resin, polyethylene resin, cellulose resin, polyvinylidene chloride resin, aramid resin, polyphenylene sulfide resin, polyurethane resin, polycarbonate resin, polyarylate resin, poly Organic materials such as norbornene resin; Paper materials such as paper and synthetic paper; Metals such as stainless steel, titanium, and aluminum are coated or laminated to provide corrosion resistance and insulation. Composite materials such as a; and the like. In addition, you may use together 2 or more types for the material of a back surface protective layer by arbitrary combinations and a ratio.
- the base material layer is preferably a composite material containing metal, an organic material, a paper material, or the like.
- Organic materials are more preferable because they are lightweight and flexible. Furthermore, these organic materials include inorganic fibers (carbon fibers, glass fibers, ceramic fibers, etc.), organic fibers (aramid, polyester, polyamide, high-strength polypropylene, polyparaphenylene benzobisoxazole, etc.), metal fibers (boron, titanium, steel, etc.) ) And the like may be included to increase the mechanical strength. This reinforcement provides a light and tough vehicle solar panel.
- the shape of the back surface protective layer is not limited, but usually a plate or film is used. Further, when the back surface protective layer is formed into a plate shape, the back surface protective layer may be formed in a flat plate shape, but may be formed in a curved or uneven shape depending on the shape of the mounting portion of the vehicle.
- an attachment member may be provided as necessary.
- Thickness is 12 micrometers or more normally, Preferably it is 20 micrometers or more. This is from the viewpoint of strength, operability, and the like. Moreover, it is usually 23 mm or less, preferably 20 mm or less. This is from the viewpoint of weight reduction, flexibility, workability, and the like.
- a frame made of metal or the like can be provided on the back surface of the panel.
- a frame is also included in the thickness and weight of the solar cell panel.
- the back surface protective layer of the solar cell panel may also serve as a panel of the cargo bed body and may constitute a part of the cargo bed.
- the solar cell panel may be integrally bonded to the panel of the cargo bed so as to constitute a part of the cargo bed body.
- the solar cell panel 40 includes a solar cell element 41 using a plurality of polycrystalline silicons as a power generation layer, and a seal for sealing a lead wire 46 connecting the solar cell elements 41.
- the sealing material layer 42 includes two layers: a hydrogenated epoxy resin layer in contact with the solar cell element 41 and an EVA resin layer formed in contact therewith. The same applies to the sealing material layer 43.
- the solar cell element 41 itself is not limited to the illustrated example, and various configurations are possible.
- a plurality of 401 are arranged according to the installation surface and used as a large panel.
- three vertical rows are electrically connected in series, and two horizontal rows are electrically independent.
- a spacer 47 that matches the height of the solar cell element 41 is interposed.
- Each solar cell element 41 has a negative electrode and a positive electrode on the front and back surfaces. As shown in FIG.
- electrical connection is made by a lead wire 46, and the lead wire 46 is connected on a spacer 47.
- An extraction electrode is provided at an end of the unit panel 401 and can be electrically connected to the adjacent unit panel 401.
- the electrode terminals of the two rows of element examples are configured with the same polarity.
- a plurality of unit panels 401 are installed in the longitudinal direction of the cargo bed body 21 in two rows on the left and right top panel 24, 24 of the cargo bed body 21.
- the longitudinal direction of the loading platform 20 corresponds to the traveling direction of the loading platform 20 in a state where the truck vehicle 1 is traveling straight.
- the unit panel 401 is connected so that the element rows of the two rows of solar cell elements of each unit panel 401 are connected in series. That is, the element rows of the solar cell elements 41 connected in series along the longitudinal direction of the loading platform 20 are arranged in a plurality of rows in a direction orthogonal to the traveling direction, and each element row is connected in parallel at both ends. Yes.
- column of the solar cell element 41 connected in series along the longitudinal direction of the loading platform 20 is with respect to the advancing direction.
- a plurality of rows may be arranged in the orthogonal direction, and the solar cell elements 41 may be connected in parallel.
- the solar cell panel 40 (or the unit panel 401) is directly connected by partially overlapping the front and back surfaces of the different polarities of the solar cell element 41 without using the lead wires 46. If the monolithic structure is used, the solar cell elements 41 are arranged in series and parallel as shown in FIG. The number and arrangement of the solar cell elements 41 of the unit panel 401 are arbitrary.
- the arrangement of the element rows of the solar cell elements 41 does not have to be completely parallel to the traveling direction of the track vehicle 1 in the straight traveling state, and an angle of about 5 to 20 degrees is normally allowed.
- the distance between the straight line drawn in parallel to the traveling direction of the loading platform from the front end vertex A of the unit panel 401 and the panel rear end vertex B ( BB ′) is usually 5 mm or less, preferably 3 mm or less, more preferably 1 mm or less.
- a bypass diode may be provided for each unit panel 401. Even if some of the panels connected in series do not generate power in the shade or the like, the panel becomes a resistance and does not adversely affect power generation. Further, between the output terminal of the solar cell panel 40 and the input terminal of the air conditioner 30, the backflow of the output current from the solar cell panel 40 and the current from the storage battery (battery) 50 are on the output terminal side of the solar cell panel 40. A backflow prevention diode 91 (FIG. 25) may be interposed to prevent the current from flowing into.
- the solar cell panel 40 is 3.8 mm in this embodiment, but its thickness is preferably in the range of 0.3 mm to 25 mm. Preferably it is 0.5 mm or more, More preferably, it is 0.7 mm or more, Preferably it is 10 mm or less, More preferably, it is 5 mm or less. If it is 25 mm or less, the wind resistance during running is small and does not affect fuel consumption.
- the weight per unit area of the solar cell panel 40 is 4.9 [kg / m 2 ] in this embodiment, it is preferably 6 [kg / m 2 ] or less. If the weight is set to 6 [kg / m 2 ] or less, the center of gravity of the truck does not move so much and the running stability is not affected.
- the maximum stable inclination angle of an automobile is generally required to be 35 degrees or more, and the higher the value, the higher the running stability.
- the total weight is about 100 kg or less. A maximum stable inclination angle of 45 degrees can be ensured, and sufficient running stability can be obtained.
- the 10-ton car has a ceiling area of about 18 m 2 , and when a 6 kg / m 2 solar cell panel is installed, the total weight is about 100 kg. Preferably it is 5 [kg / m ⁇ 2 >] or less, More preferably, it is 4 [kg / m ⁇ 2 >] or less.
- the weight is usually 0.3 [kg / m 2 ] or more, preferably 0.5 [kg / m 2 ] or more, more preferably 1.0 [kg / m 2 ] or more.
- the maximum output per unit weight of the solar cell panel 40 is 1.2 times or more the value obtained by dividing the maximum power consumption of the sub air conditioner 30 by the weight of the solar cell panel 40. Is set.
- the solar panel 40 alone can drive the sub air conditioner 30. Therefore, the sub air conditioner 30 can be driven even during parking with the engine stopped. Of course, it can also be used for sub air-conditioning drive during travel. Moreover, the output of the solar cell panel 40 can also be used as electric power for air conditioning driving regardless of whether the vehicle is parked or traveling.
- the sub-routine for maintaining that temperature steadily after the temperature dropped to some extent The power consumption of the air conditioner 30 (power consumption in a steady state) is much less. If the power generation exceeding the power consumption in the steady state can be achieved, the sub air conditioner 30 can be sufficiently driven by the generated energy of the solar cell panel 40 for a considerable time.
- the truck vehicle 1 is provided with two air conditioners: a main air conditioner 130 driven by the driving force of the engine and a sub air conditioner 30 with a small maximum power consumption.
- the power generation energy of the panel 40 can be supplied.
- the main air conditioner 130 or both the main and sub air conditioners 130 and 30 are driven, and only the sub air conditioner 30 is driven in a steady state. If sufficient sunshine is secured at this time, the driving of the sub air conditioner 30 can be realized by the solar cell panel 40 alone.
- the present embodiment it is possible to retrofit the truck vehicle with the add-on-type sub air conditioner 30 and the solar battery panel 40. Therefore, there is an advantage that it can be easily applied to an existing truck vehicle. Further, there is an advantage that the control system can be simplified by simply connecting the sub air conditioner 30 and the solar battery panel 40 directly.
- the maximum output per unit weight of the solar cell panel 40 is 1.2 times or more the value obtained by dividing the maximum power consumption of the sub air conditioner 30 by the weight of the solar cell panel 40.
- it is set, it is preferably 2.0 times or more, more preferably 3.0 times or more. They can cover from 9 am to 4 pm and from 8 am to 5 pm.
- it is 20 times or less normally, Preferably it is 15 times or less, More preferably, it is 10 times or less.
- the heating operation is performed using exhaust heat of the engine during traveling, and idling is stopped while the vehicle is stopped, and the electric heat pump is driven by electric energy from the solar panel 40 or the storage battery 50. Etc. can be driven for heating operation. Of course, electric energy may be used even while traveling.
- the maximum output q per unit weight of the solar cell panel 40 is 5 [W / kg] or more. Long-time driving is possible without affecting the running performance of the truck vehicle 1. In this embodiment, it is 17.7 [W / kg].
- the power generation efficiency of the solar cell panel 40 is limited, and is usually 100 [W / kg] or less, preferably 70 [W / kg] or less, more preferably 50 [W / kg] or less. Since efficiency is equivalent to 6.7 W / kg at 4%, equivalent to 10 W / kg at 6%, and equivalent to 16.7 W / kg at 10%, it is set as described above. In this example, there are 40 unit panels of the solar cell panel 40, the maximum output per sheet is 23.6 [Wp], and the total output is 944 [Wp].
- the ratio of the capacity (Wh) of the storage battery 50 to the maximum output (Wp: Watt peak) of the solar cell panel 40 is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 5 (Wh / Wp). More preferably, it is 0.5 (Wh / Wp) or more, More preferably, it is 1 (Wh / Wp) or more, More preferably, it is 4 (Wh / Wp) or less, More preferably, it is 3 (Wh / Wp) or less.
- the storage battery 50 can drive the air conditioning for about 8 hours.
- the area Sp of the solar cell panel 40 is about four times the upper-view area Sd of the cab, but is preferably 1 to 7 times or less. More preferably, it is 1.5 times or more. Moreover, 5 times or less is more preferable. While the air conditioner can be driven, the weight of the solar battery panel 40 is suppressed and the running stability of the truck vehicle 1 is not affected. Further, the maximum loading capacity of the truck vehicle 1 is not greatly impaired, and the fuel consumption of the truck is hardly deteriorated.
- the solar cell panel 40 is an independent structure different from the loading platform 20 and can be attached to the outer surface of the loading platform 20.
- the solar cell panel 40 can be permanently fixed to the top panel 24.
- the solar cell panel 40 can be fixed to the cargo bed body 21 by mechanical coupling via an attachment member.
- the solar cell panel 40 can be fixed to the loading platform 20 by mechanical coupling to the loading platform 20 via attachment members such as rivets, retainers, fixing bars, bolts, and nuts. At this time, the solar cell panel 40 can be attached to the loading platform 20 in a replaceable manner.
- the solar cell panel 40 can be bonded and fixed to the cargo bed body 21.
- an adhesive tape such as a double-sided tape or an adhesive can be applied.
- the solar cell panel 40 is the structure except a back surface protective layer, is integrally adhere
- FIG. 5 shows an example in which an amorphous silicon solar cell panel is used as the solar cell panel 40.
- FIG. 5A is a plan view of the solar cell panel 40
- FIG. 5B is a schematic exploded perspective view of the solar cell panel 40.
- the thickness of the solar cell panel 40 is 2.3 mm
- the weight is about 5.7 [kg / m 2 ]
- the maximum output q per unit weight of the solar cell panel 40 is 5.3 [W / Kg].
- the ratio of the storage battery capacity (Wh) to the maximum output (Wp: Watt peak) of the solar panel 40 is 3 (Wh / Wp)
- the area Sp of the solar panel is about four times the area Sd of the cab. It is.
- FIG. 5 shows an example in which an amorphous silicon solar cell panel is used as the solar cell panel 40.
- FIG. 5A is a plan view of the solar cell panel 40
- FIG. 5B is a schematic exploded perspective view of the solar cell panel 40.
- the solar cell panel 40 has sealing material layers (EVA) 242, 243 on both the light receiving surface side (arrow direction) and the non-light receiving surface side of the solar cell element 241. Accordingly, a surface protection layer 244 (ETFE) and a substrate 245 as a back surface protection layer made of an iron plate are provided.
- EVA sealing material layers
- EFE surface protection layer 244
- substrate 245 as a back surface protection layer made of an iron plate are provided.
- the amorphous silicon solar cell panel 40 in FIG. 5 has a monolithic structure, and has a structure in which a plurality of solar cell elements are directly brought into contact with each other without using lead wires.
- the connecting direction is such that a plurality of series element arrays connected in series along the traveling direction of the truck vehicle in a straight line, that is, along the longitudinal direction of the cargo bed, are arranged in a direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction, and each solar cell element Are connected in parallel, and have a configuration of series-parallel connection.
- the truck vehicle to which the air-conditioning control apparatus according to the embodiment can be applied is a main air-conditioning apparatus 130 initially mounted on the truck vehicle 1 as shown in FIG.
- a main air-conditioning apparatus 130 initially mounted on the truck vehicle 1 as shown in FIG.
- an add-on type air conditioner 30 that mainly air-conditions the nap cabin 14 only one built-in type electric air conditioner 131 on the driver's seat side as shown in FIG. 1B is provided. Also included are truck vehicles.
- the electric air conditioner 131 has the same configuration as the add-on type air conditioner 30.
- An engine room (not shown) of the truck vehicle 1 is equipped with an electric motor (not shown) for driving a compressor provided in the air conditioner 131, a blower motor of the indoor unit, and the like.
- Electric power generated from the panel 40, electric power discharged from the storage battery 50, and electric power from an alternator (generator) 37 (FIG. 7 and the like) that generates electric power using the driving force of the engine of the truck vehicle 1 are supplied.
- the electric motor can also be supplied with power from an external power source 80 (FIG. 6 and the like).
- the air conditioner 131 is driven by electric power from at least one of the solar cell panel 40, the storage battery 50, the alternator 37, and the external power supply 80.
- the built-in type air conditioner 131 one of the power from the drive shaft of the engine and the power from the electric motor (not shown) is transmitted to the compressor and blower provided in the air conditioner through the switching operation of the electromagnetic clutch. It is possible to apply a configuration in which the compressor or the like is driven.
- the air conditioner can be driven by receiving power from the engine when the engine is on, and the air conditioner can be driven by receiving power from the electric motor when the engine is off.
- the power of an electric motor that is driven by receiving electric power from the alternator 37 may be transmitted to a compressor or the like.
- the air blower of the air conditioner 30 may be provided in the bedroom, or the room temperature of the bedroom may be set and controlled so that air conditioning in the nap cabin 14 can be selectively performed. Then, the maximum output q per unit weight of the solar cell panel 40 is set to be 0.2 times or more the value obtained by dividing the maximum power consumption of the air conditioner 131 by the weight of the solar cell panel 40.
- the air conditioner 131 can be driven in a steady state by the solar cell panel 40 alone.
- the power consumption of 131 is much less. If power generation exceeding the power consumption in the steady state can be achieved, the air conditioner 130 can be sufficiently driven for a considerable amount of time only by the power generation energy from the solar cell panel 40.
- the solar cell panel 40 alone can realize driving of the air conditioner 131 in a steady state if sufficient sunshine is secured. it can. Since the method of this embodiment does not use the sub air-conditioning apparatus 30, it is advantageous in terms of cost, and is particularly advantageous for application to a new vehicle.
- the maximum output per unit weight of the solar cell panel 40 can be set to be 0.2 times or more the value obtained by dividing the maximum power consumption of the air conditioner 131 by the weight of the solar cell panel 40.
- the air conditioner 131 can be driven in a steady state by the solar panel 40 alone. It is possible to perform air-conditioning driving only by the solar panel 40 from 10 am to about 2 to 3 pm on a clear summer day, that is, for 4 hours or more. The air consumption in the hottest time zone can be covered by the output of the solar cell panel, so the fuel consumption and CO 2 reduction effect is great.
- the maximum output per unit weight of the solar cell panel 40 is 0.2 times or more the value obtained by dividing the maximum power consumption of the air conditioner 131 by the weight of the solar cell panel 40, preferably 0.35 times or more, more preferably 0.5 times or more. They can cover from 9 am to 4 pm and from 8 am to 5 pm. Moreover, it is 20 times or less normally, Preferably it is 15 times or less, More preferably, it is 10 times or less.
- the shortage may be compensated for by the electric energy from the storage battery 50.
- the system may be configured to prevent the temperature in the cab 11 from becoming high by continuously or intermittently cooling the air conditioner 131 while the truck vehicle 1 is stopped. According to this, since rapid cooling becomes unnecessary, an apparatus with a small maximum power consumption can be used as the air conditioner 131.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of an air conditioning control system applicable to the truck vehicle 1 as described above.
- the air conditioning control system shown in FIG. 6 includes a control device (system controller) 60 as an air conditioning control device.
- the control device 60 includes a solar cell panel 40, an air conditioning device 30, and an air conditioning device 131 (hereinafter, particularly, an air conditioning device 30). When the air conditioner 131 is not distinguished, it is electrically connected to “air conditioner 30”.
- the control device 60 is electrically connected to a storage battery (hereinafter also referred to as “battery”) 50, and can operate by obtaining discharge power from the storage battery 50.
- the control device 60 can be electrically connected to an external power source 80 outside the truck vehicle, and can be operated with electric power supplied from the external power source 80.
- the control device 60 includes a charge / discharge controller 65 for the battery 50.
- the charge / discharge controller 65 can charge the battery 50 with power from the solar battery 40 or power from the external power source 80. Further, power is discharged from the battery 50 to control power supply to a load connected to the battery 50.
- the charge / discharge control for the battery 50 can be performed based on the remaining amount of the battery 50 detected by an SOC (State of Charge) sensor included in the battery monitor 72.
- SOC State of Charge
- the control device 60 gives a control signal to the air conditioner 30 to control the operation of the air conditioner 30. Moreover, the control apparatus 60 can also acquire information from the air conditioner 30 as needed, and can perform operation
- a solid line arrow indicates a flow of power supply
- a broken line arrow indicates a flow of information (electrical signal).
- the control device 60 is independent from a control device (ECU (Electronic Control Unit or Engine Control Unit)) of a so-called built-in type air conditioner 130 that is initially installed in the truck vehicle 1 as a control device of the so-called add-on type air conditioner 30. It can be installed in a truck vehicle as an add-on type control device. Alternatively, it can be provided in the truck vehicle 1 as one of built-in type ECUs mounted on the truck vehicle 1 or as a part of the ECU.
- the control device 60 for the air conditioner 131 may be either an add-on type control device or a built-in type control device.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a detailed configuration example of the control device 60 and peripheral devices of the control device 60 shown in FIG. 7, the control device 60 includes an input port 61, a charge detection unit 62, a generated power detection unit 63 as a detection unit, a selection unit 64, a charge / discharge controller 65, a display control unit 66, a memory 67, and a mode as a determination unit.
- a function as the determination unit 68 is provided.
- the input port 61 is connected to input devices such as various sensors, monitors, and an input device 84, and receives input signals from each input device.
- input devices such as various sensors, monitors, and an input device 84
- a battery temperature sensor 71 that measures the temperature of the battery 50
- a battery monitor 72 that measures the remaining battery level
- solar radiation amount sensor 73 that measures the amount of solar radiation irradiated on the solar cell panel 40.
- the outside air temperature sensor 74 for measuring the outside air temperature and the temperature sensor 75 for the driving room for measuring the room temperature of the cab 11 (nap cabin 14) are connected.
- a humidity sensor 76 a weather monitor 77, a timer 78, an ignition switch 79, an alternator power generation monitor 81, a solar cell (PV) power generation monitor 82, and an input device 84 are connected to the input port 61.
- the charge detection unit 62 monitors the current value output from the battery 50 by the battery monitor 72 per unit time, integrates these values to determine the amount of power consumption, and the current value charged to the battery 50 per unit time. Are accumulated to obtain the amount of charge, and the remaining capacity of the battery 50 is calculated from these amounts of power.
- the method for obtaining the remaining capacity of the battery 50 is not limited to this, and any known method may be used.
- the generated power detection unit 63 detects the generated power of the solar panel 40.
- the generated power detection unit 63 can obtain the generated power of the solar cell panel 40 by monitoring the amount of generated power of the solar cell panel 40 detected by the PV power generation monitor 82.
- the PV power generation monitor 82 actually measures the output current and output voltage of the solar battery panel 40, obtains the generated power per unit time from these time integration values, and supplies the generated power to the generated power detection unit 63 of the control device 60.
- the generated power detection unit 63 can obtain a value obtained by estimating the generated power of the solar cell panel 40 from the amount of solar radiation measured by the solar radiation amount sensor 73 as the generated power of the solar cell panel 40.
- the solar radiation amount sensor 73 and the PV power generation monitor 82 can be selectively provided.
- the selection unit 64 selects a supply destination of the generated power of the solar cell panel 40 based on the values detected by the charge detection unit 62 and the generated power detection unit 63. As the supply destination, any one of the air conditioner 30, the battery 50, and the outside (external power source) can be selected.
- the charge / discharge controller 65 includes an interface unit 81 to which an air conditioner 30 (131) as a load and a solar panel (PV) 40, a storage battery (battery) 50, an alternator 37, and an external power source 80 as various power sources for the load are connected. Connected with.
- the charge / discharge controller 65 controls charging / discharging of the storage battery 50, and performs electrical connection and disconnection control between these loads and each power source.
- the interface unit 81 functions as an interface unit for supplying power from the external power source 80 to the air conditioner 30 (131).
- the interface unit 81 is also connected to an external load, and functions as an output interface unit for supplying the generated power of the PV 40 to the external load.
- the display control unit 66 uses display data stored in the memory 67, for example, and writes display contents in accordance with an operation of the input device 84 to a video RAM (not shown) and displays the display content on a display device (display) 83.
- the memory 67 includes control of the air conditioner 30 (131) by the control device 60, charge control for the storage battery 50 (control of the charge / discharge controller 65), and control of connection / disconnection between the load and the power source via the charge / discharge controller 65. Various data for performing such various controls are stored.
- the mode determination unit 68 determines various control modes of the control device 60.
- As the control mode an auto mode in which air conditioning control is automatically performed and a manual mode in which manual operation is performed can be selected.
- an air conditioning control mode for operating the air conditioner 30 (131) and a charging mode for charging the storage battery 50 are automatically and selectively executed.
- one operation mode can be determined from among the operation modes of the plurality of air conditioners 30.
- the operation mode includes at least a heating / cooling strong mode in which the air conditioner 30 is operated with “high” air conditioning output (temperature and / or air volume), and a cooling / heating weak mode in which the air conditioning apparatus 30 is operated with “weak” air conditioning output (temperature and / or air volume), And a ventilation mode for providing ventilation.
- the air conditioning operation mode in the present embodiment has two stages of “weak” and “strong”, but may be three or more stages or substantially infinite stages.
- Control during cooling and heating is the same as control of a normal air conditioner.
- air having a temperature lower than the set temperature is supplied, but the temperature of the air is decreased in proportion to the difference between the room temperature and the set temperature, and the air volume is set to the difference between the room temperature and the set temperature. Proportional size. Therefore, in the cooling high mode in which the difference between the room temperature and the installation temperature is larger than the preset value (Tc), the output is strong, and cooler air is supplied with a larger air volume. Conversely, when the difference between the room temperature and the installation temperature becomes smaller than Tc, the mode is shifted to the cooling weak mode, the output becomes weak, the temperature of the supplied air rises slightly, and the air volume decreases.
- the heat generation control unit 69 performs control to supply heat generation power to the solar cell panel 40 when the outside air temperature is equal to or lower than a threshold value in order to prevent snow accumulation on the solar cell panel 40.
- Elements that process signals such as the charge detection unit 62, the generated power detection unit 63, the selection unit 64, the charge / discharge controller 65, and the mode determination unit 68, which are components of the control device 60, combine basic circuits. It can be configured by hardware realizing each function.
- Hardware that is an element for processing these pieces of information may include basic circuits such as FPGA [Field Programmable Gate Array], ASIC [Application Specific Integrated Circuit], and LSI [Large Scale Integration].
- the hardware may include basic circuits such as an IC [Integrated Circuit], a gate array, a logic circuit, a signal processing circuit, and an analog circuit.
- Examples of logic circuits include AND circuits, OR circuits, NOT circuits, NAND circuits, NOR circuits, flip-flop circuits, and counter circuits.
- the signal processing circuit may include a circuit that performs, for example, addition, multiplication, division, inversion, product-sum operation, differentiation, and integration on the signal value.
- the analog circuit may include, for example, a circuit that performs amplification, addition, multiplication, differentiation, and integration on the signal value.
- a general-purpose processor executing a computer program as software stored in a recording medium such as the memory 67. May be.
- the computer program is stored in the memory 67, for example.
- the computer program is loaded into a main memory (not shown) and executed by a processor such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit) or a DSP (Digital Signal Processor) included in the control device 60, thereby executing part or all of the above-described control. Can be realized.
- a processor such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit) or a DSP (Digital Signal Processor) included in the control device 60, thereby executing part or all of the above-described control. Can be realized.
- control device 60 can detect, determine, and turn on / off according to the present invention by software (execution of a program by a processor such as a CPU or DSP), hardware, or a combination of software and hardware. It is a device that realizes various functions including functions as detection means, room temperature detection means, outside air temperature detection means, selection means, and heat generation control means.
- Air conditioning control in automatic operation mode ⁇ Air conditioning control in automatic operation mode>
- air conditioning control in the automatic operation mode will be described.
- FIGS. 8 to 11 are flowcharts showing an example of air conditioning control in an automatic operation mode applied to an add-on type air conditioner (air conditioner) 30.
- FIG. In the determination step (diamond symbol) in the flowchart, if the determination result is Yes, the process proceeds downward, and if the determination result is No, the process proceeds in the horizontal direction.
- the processing shown in FIGS. 8 to 11 is started, for example, by starting the control device (system controller) 60 by turning on the power.
- a mode selection screen (not shown) is first displayed on the display device 83 (FIG. 7) by the display control unit 66 (step S1).
- the mode selection screen choices between an automatic operation mode and a manual operation mode of air conditioning are displayed.
- the user can use the input device 84 to select one of the automatic operation mode and the manual operation mode.
- the automatic operation mode is selected.
- a set temperature input screen is displayed on the display device 83 (step S2).
- the user can input the set temperature of the air conditioner 30 using the input device 84.
- a closed day input screen is displayed on the display device 83 instead of the set temperature input screen (step S3).
- the user can input a closed day using the input device 84.
- a closed day is defined as a day when a truck vehicle is not used.
- one or more specific days of each month for example, “the XY day of the week”, where X is a number and Y is any of Sunday through Saturday) can be designated as a closed day.
- one or more days corresponding to closed days can be designated from the calendar of the month displayed on the closed day input screen.
- An appropriate method can be applied as a method for setting a closed day.
- the selection of the automatic operation / manual operation mode, the input of the set temperature, and the input of the holiday can be performed using one operation screen.
- either the set temperature input or the holiday input order may be first. That is, the order of step 2 and step 3 may be switched.
- the above-described mode selection result (automatic control mode), set temperature, and closed days input content are stored in a storage area (memory 67) of the control device (system controller) 60.
- the memory 67 stores business day information in advance.
- the business day information includes, for example, calendar information for each month, and can set whether the day of each month is a business day or a closed day. For example, a non-business day flag is set for each day, and the non-business day flag corresponding to the non-work day specified in step S3 is turned on, so that the day can be set as a non-working day. On the other hand, if the closed day flag is off, the day is treated as a business day.
- the control device 60 reads business day information stored in advance in the memory 67 (step S4), and determines whether or not the current day is a business day (step S5). For example, the control device 60 obtains the current date from the timer 78 and determines whether or not the current day is a closed day by determining whether or not the closed day flag set on the current day of the business day information is on or off. At this time, if the closed day flag is on, the control device 60 determines that the current day is a closed day, and advances the process to step S39 (FIG. 11). On the other hand, if the closed day flag is off, the control device 60 determines that the current day is a business day and advances the process to step S6.
- step S6 the control device 60 checks on / off of the ignition switch 79 and determines whether or not the ignition switch 79 is off (step S7). At this time, if the ignition switch 79 is on, it is determined that the engine of the truck vehicle 1 is on, and the process proceeds to step S11 (FIG. 9).
- step S8 the control device 60 reads the temperature in the cab 11 (for example, the nap cabin 14) of the truck vehicle 1 detected by the room temperature sensor 75, that is, the room temperature Tin.
- the control device 60 reads the outside air temperature Tout detected by the outside air temperature sensor 74 (step S9).
- the control device 60 obtains the room temperature Tin and the outside air temperature Tout from the outputs of the room temperature sensor 75 and the outside air temperature sensor 74, and stores the processing in a predetermined storage area (memory 67) as needed or periodically. Is going to.
- steps S8 and S9 the room temperature Tin and the outside temperature Tout stored in the storage area (memory 67) are read.
- Td2
- step S12 the control device 60 checks the amount of solar radiation or the power generation of the solar cell. That is, the control device 60 uses the solar radiation amount measured by the solar radiation amount sensor 73, the estimated value of the generated power of PV 40 estimated from the solar radiation amount, or the generated power of PV 40 obtained by actual measurement with the PV power generation monitor 82. Ask for. However, in parallel with the processing of the flowchart, the control device 60 can obtain the solar radiation amount or the generated power as needed or periodically and store it in a predetermined storage area (memory 67). In step S12, the amount of solar radiation or power generation stored in the storage area (memory 67) can also be read.
- the control device 60 determines whether or not the amount of solar radiation or the generated power is equal to or greater than a threshold value W3 stored in the storage area (memory 67) in advance (step S13).
- the threshold value W3 is a threshold value for determining whether or not the operation in the high heating / cooling mode is possible only with the electric power from the PV 40.
- the control device 60 advances the process to step S14.
- control device 60 will advance processing to Step S17.
- the value of the threshold value W3 can be, for example, a required power value of the air conditioner 30 that is predetermined based on the set temperature and the output (“strong” or “weak”).
- the required power value (answered from the controller) obtained by the controller 60 (the set temperature and output conditions) to the controller (not shown) of the air conditioner 30 is applied. You can also.
- the above-described required power value may be converted into the solar radiation amount as the threshold value W3, and the solar radiation amount obtained by the solar radiation amount sensor 73 and the threshold value W3 (the solar radiation amount) may be compared in step S13. The same applies to threshold values W2 and W1 described below.
- step S14 the control device 60 determines whether or not the amount of solar radiation or generated power generates surplus power (power exceeding the threshold W3) to be charged in the storage battery (battery) 50. At this time, if there is surplus power, the control device 60 proceeds to step S15. If there is no surplus power, the control device 60 proceeds to step S16.
- step S15 the control device 60 instructs the charge / discharge controller 65 to charge the battery in order to execute the charge mode.
- the charge / discharge controller 65 executes battery charging processing using surplus power of the PV 40 in accordance with an instruction from the control device 60. Details of the battery charging process will be described later.
- control device 60 executes the operation of the air conditioner 30 in the cooling / heating strong mode in which the output of the air conditioner (air conditioner) 30 is operated with “strong” (step S16). That is, the control device 60 instructs the controller (not shown) provided in the air conditioner 30 to operate at the set temperature Tset and the output “strong”. The controller of the air conditioner 30 performs cooling or heating operation at an output and a set temperature corresponding to the heating / cooling strong mode in accordance with an instruction from the control device 60. After step S16, the process returns to step S4.
- the temperature difference Td2 between the room temperature Tin and the outside air temperature Tout is less than or equal to the threshold value Tb, and the temperature difference Td1 between the room temperature Tin and the set temperature Tset is greater than or equal to the threshold value Tc.
- the air conditioner (air conditioner) 30 is operated only in the electric power from the PV 40 and is operated in the strong heating / cooling mode. At this time, if there is surplus power in the generated power of the PV 40, the surplus power is charged in the battery 50.
- step S17 the control device 60 checks the battery state and determines whether or not the remaining battery level measured by the battery monitor 72 is equal to or greater than the threshold value Wh3 (step S18).
- the threshold value Wh3 is a determination threshold value of the remaining battery level that allows the battery 50 to be used as an auxiliary power source of the PV 40 and can be operated for a certain period of time in the high heating / cooling mode. The power is converted into the remaining battery power (the same applies to thresholds Wh2 and Wh1 described later). If the remaining battery level is greater than or equal to threshold value Wh3, the process proceeds to step S19; otherwise, the process proceeds to step S20 (FIG. 10).
- step S19 the control device 60 sets a battery / PV assist mode that supplements (assists) the shortage of the power generation amount of the PV 40 with the power from the battery 50, and advances the processing to step S16.
- the battery / PV assist mode By setting the battery / PV assist mode, the battery 50 and the air conditioner 30 are electrically connected, and the power from the battery 50 is supplied to the air conditioner 30.
- the air conditioner (air conditioner) 30 uses the power from the PV 40 and battery 50 to Drive in mode.
- the control device 60 determines the operation of the air conditioning device 30 in the cooling / heating weak mode in which the cooling / heating operation mode is “weak”, and the process proceeds to step S22. On the other hand, if the temperature difference Td1 is less than the threshold value Ta, the control device 60 advances the process to step S39 to execute the charging mode.
- the threshold value Ta is smaller than the threshold value Tc (Tc> Ta). Accordingly, if the difference Td1 between the room temperature Tin and the set temperature Tset is equal to or greater than Tc (Td1 ⁇ Tc), the air conditioning apparatus 30 is not operated (charge). Mode).
- step S22 the control device 60 reads the amount of solar radiation or the generated power of the PV 40 (for example, the amount of solar radiation or the generated power determined in step S12).
- the control device 60 determines whether or not the amount of solar radiation or power generation is equal to or greater than a threshold value W2 (W3> W2) set in advance in the storage area (memory 67) (step S23).
- the threshold value W2 is a threshold value for determining whether or not the operation in the cooling / heating weak mode is possible only with the electric power from the PV 40. At this time, if the amount of solar radiation is greater than or equal to the threshold value W2, the process proceeds to step S24, and if not, the process proceeds to step S27.
- step S24 the control device 60 determines whether or not the power generated by the solar radiation PV40 generates surplus power to be charged in the battery 50. At this time, if surplus power is generated, control device 60 advances the process to step S25 to execute the charging mode. If surplus power does not occur, the process proceeds to step S26.
- step S25 the battery charging process similar to that in step S15 is executed based on the determination result that surplus power is generated. That is, the control device 60 instructs the charge / discharge controller 65 to charge the battery, and the charge / discharge controller 65 performs the battery charge. Details of the battery charging process will be described later.
- control device 60 executes the operation of the air conditioner 30 in the heating / cooling weak mode in which the output of the air conditioner 30 is operated with “weak” (step S26). That is, the control device 60 instructs a controller (not shown) provided in the air conditioner 30 to operate at the set temperature Tset and the output “weak”. The controller of the air conditioner 30 performs cooling or heating operation at an output and a set temperature corresponding to the air conditioning weak mode according to the instruction. After step S26, the process returns to step S4.
- the air conditioner 30 uses only the power from the PV 40. It is operated in the low heating and cooling mode. At this time, if there is surplus power in the generated power of the PV 40, the surplus power is charged in the battery.
- step S23 If it is determined in step S23 that the amount of solar radiation or the generated power is less than the threshold value W2, the process proceeds to step S27, and the control device 60 checks the battery state. Next, the control device 60 determines whether or not the remaining battery level is equal to or greater than the threshold value Wh2 (step S28).
- the threshold value Wh2 is a threshold value for determining the remaining battery level that allows the battery 50 to be used as an auxiliary power source for the PV 40 and that can be operated in the low heating / cooling mode for a certain period of time (Wh3> Wh2). If the remaining battery level is greater than or equal to the threshold value Wh2, the process proceeds to step S29, and if not, the process proceeds to step S39.
- step S29 the control device 60 sets the battery / PV assist mode to supplement (assist) the shortage of the power generation amount of the PV 40 with the discharge power from the battery 50, and the process proceeds to step S26.
- the air conditioner 30 is operated in the cooling / heating weak mode using the power from the PV 40 and the battery 50. .
- ) which is a difference between the outside air temperature Tout and the set temperature Tset. ) Is equal to or less than a temperature difference Td1 (Td1
- the control device 60 determines to perform the ventilation mode operation, and advances the process to step S31. On the other hand, when the temperature difference Td3 is larger than the temperature difference Td1, the control device 60 advances the process to step S11.
- step S31 the control device 60 checks the solar radiation amount or the generated power of the PV 40 by the same method as in step S12.
- the control device 60 determines whether or not the amount of solar radiation or the generated power is equal to or greater than a threshold value W1 stored in the storage area in advance (step S32).
- the threshold value W1 is a threshold value for determining whether or not the operation in the ventilation mode is possible only with the electric power from the PV 40. At this time, if the amount of solar radiation or the generated electric power is greater than or equal to the threshold value W1, the control device 60 advances the process to step S33. On the other hand, if the amount of solar radiation or the generated electric power is less than the threshold value W1, the control device 60 advances the process to step S36.
- step S ⁇ b> 33 the control device 60 determines whether or not the amount of solar radiation or generated power generates surplus power to be charged in the battery 50. At this time, if there is surplus power, the control device 60 proceeds to step S34. If there is no surplus power, the control device 60 proceeds to step S35.
- step S34 the control device 60 instructs the charge / discharge controller 65 to charge the battery in order to execute the charge mode.
- the charge / discharge controller 65 performs battery charging processing in accordance with instructions from the control device 60.
- step S35 the control device 60 executes the operation of the air conditioner 30 in the ventilation mode in which the air conditioner 30 is operated in “ventilation”. That is, the control device 60 instructs a “ventilation” operation to a controller (not shown) provided in the air conditioner 30. The controller performs “ventilation” operation according to the instructions.
- the air conditioner 30 drives a blower (fan or blower) included in the air conditioner 30 to open an outside air intake port of the truck vehicle 1 (not shown) and introduce outside air into the room, so that the cab 11 (nap cabin 14). Ventilation can be performed by exchanging the air with outside air.
- step S35 the process returns to step S6.
- the outside air intake can be opened and closed by actuator control (not shown) by a controller of the air conditioner 30 and a processor such as the controller 60.
- ventilation may be performed by driving a blower (fan or blower) of the main air conditioner 130 instead of the air conditioner 30.
- a blower fan or blower
- the outside air intake port of the truck vehicle 1 (not shown) is opened at this time, so that the air in the cab 11 is exchanged with the outside air.
- the air conditioner Air conditioner Operated in ventilation mode using only electric power. At this time, if there is surplus power in the generated power of the PV 40, the surplus power is charged in the battery.
- step S32 If it is determined in step S32 that the solar radiation amount or the generated power is less than the threshold value W1, the process proceeds to step S36, and the control device 60 checks the battery state. Next, the control device 60 determines whether or not the remaining battery level is greater than or equal to the threshold value Wh1 (step S37).
- the threshold value Wh1 is a determination threshold value of the remaining battery level that allows the operation in the ventilation mode using the battery as an auxiliary power source of the PV 40 for a certain time (Wh2> Wh1). If the remaining battery level is greater than or equal to threshold value Wh1, the process proceeds to step S38; otherwise, the process proceeds to step S39.
- step S38 the control device 60 sets a battery / PV assist mode that supplements (assists) the shortage of the power generation amount of the PV 40 with the power from the battery 50, and advances the processing to step S35.
- step S39 the control device 60 instructs the charge / discharge controller 65 to charge the battery in order to execute the charge mode.
- the charge / discharge controller 65 performs battery charging processing in accordance with instructions from the control device 60.
- step S39 the process of the flowchart ends or returns according to the settings made in advance.
- the process is resumed from step S1 with a predetermined execution start trigger thereafter.
- the process returns, the process is returned to step S4, and the process is resumed from the business day reading.
- the battery charging process (FIG. 20)
- the battery 50 is charged. Therefore, at the time of return, the process related to the air conditioning control after step S4 is executed with the battery charged to some extent.
- information input / setting processing such as steps S1 to S3 may be executed at any time during execution after step S4. In this case, the process is forcibly terminated, and the processes after step S4 are resumed according to the newly set information.
- the air conditioner 30 is operated in the ventilation mode using the power from the PV 40 and the battery 50 if the remaining amount of the battery is equal to or greater than the threshold value Wh1. On the other hand, if the remaining battery level is less than the threshold value Wh1, the air conditioner 30 is not operated, and only the charging mode for the battery 50 is executed.
- the engine of the truck vehicle 1 is on or off. If the engine is off, it is determined whether the temperature difference Td2 between the outside air temperature and the room temperature is equal to or less than the threshold value Tb. At this time, if the temperature difference Td2 is equal to or less than the threshold value Tb, the operation of the air conditioner 30 in the cooling / heating mode is attempted. When the temperature difference Td2 is larger than the threshold value Tb, if the temperature difference Td3 is equal to or smaller than the temperature difference Td1, the operation of the air conditioner 30 in the ventilation mode is attempted, and when the temperature difference Td3 is larger than the temperature difference Td1. The operation of the air conditioner 30 in the air conditioning mode is attempted. When the engine is on, the operation of the air conditioner is attempted in the air conditioning mode.
- the heating / cooling mode two operation modes of the heating / cooling strong mode and the heating / cooling weak mode are prepared, and if the temperature difference Td1 between the room temperature and the set temperature is equal to or greater than the threshold value Tc, the operation in the heating / cooling strong mode is attempted. If Td1 is Ta ⁇ Td1 ⁇ Tc, the operation in the air conditioning weak mode is attempted. In addition, even when the temperature difference Td1 is equal to or greater than Tc, as described later, when the high heating / cooling mode cannot be executed with the electric power from the PV 40 and the battery 50, the operation in the low heating / cooling mode may be attempted ( Step S18 ⁇ S20).
- the air conditioner 30 When the power consumption (required power) of the air conditioner 30 can be provided only by the PV 40 in each of the trials of the strong mode and the weak mode, the air conditioner 30 is operated using only the power from the PV 40. Is done. At this time, when surplus power is generated from the PV 40, the surplus power is charged in the battery 50. On the other hand, when the required power of the air conditioner 30 cannot be provided only by the PV 40, the power from the battery 50 as an auxiliary power source is used for the air conditioning operation of the air conditioner 30.
- the air conditioner 30 is operated using only the power from the PV 40. At this time, when surplus power is generated from the PV 40, charging of the battery 50 with the surplus power is attempted. On the other hand, when the required power of the air conditioner 30 cannot be provided only by the PV 40, the power from the battery 50 as an auxiliary power source is used for the ventilation operation of the air conditioner 30.
- FIGS. 12 to 14 are flowcharts showing a first air conditioning control example in the automatic operation mode applied to the built-in type air conditioner 131 mounted on the truck vehicle 1 shown in FIG. 1 (B).
- the determination step diamond symbol
- the process proceeds downward, and if the determination result is No, the process proceeds in the horizontal direction.
- step S7 the ignition switch 79 is turned on in step S7, that is, the engine of the truck vehicle 1 is turned on
- the process proceeds to step S101 (FIG. 13). Is different from the case of the add-on type air conditioner 30.
- step S101 the control device 60 reads the temperature in the cab 11 of the truck vehicle 1 detected by the room temperature sensor 75, that is, the room temperature Tin.
- step S103 the control device 60 checks the amount of solar radiation obtained by the same method as in step S12 or the generated power of the PV 40. Subsequently, the control device 60 determines whether or not the amount of solar radiation or the generated power is equal to or greater than a threshold value W3 stored in the storage area (memory 67) in advance (step S104). At this time, if the amount of solar radiation or the generated power is greater than or equal to the threshold value W3, the control device 60 advances the process to step S105. On the other hand, if the amount of solar radiation or the generated power is less than the threshold value W3, the control device 60 advances the process to step S108.
- a threshold value W3 stored in the storage area (memory 67) in advance
- step S ⁇ b> 105 the control device 60 determines whether the solar radiation amount or the generated power of the PV 40 causes surplus power to be charged in the battery 50. At this time, if there is surplus power, the control device 60 proceeds to step S106. If there is no surplus power, the control device 60 advances the process to step S107.
- step S106 the control device 60 instructs the charge / discharge controller 65 to charge the battery in order to execute the charge mode.
- the charge / discharge controller 65 performs battery charging processing in accordance with instructions from the control device 60.
- step S107 the control device 60 executes the operation of the air conditioner 131 in the heating / cooling strong mode in which the output of the air conditioner 131 is operated with “strong”. That is, the control device 60 instructs a controller (not shown) provided in the air conditioner 131 to operate at an output “strong” and at a set temperature. The controller of the air conditioner performs cooling or heating operation according to an instruction from the control device 60 at an output and a set temperature corresponding to the strong air conditioning mode.
- step S107 the process returns to step S6.
- the air conditioner 131 is Only the electric power from PV40 is used and it is operated in the heating / cooling strong mode. At this time, if there is surplus power in the generated power of the PV 40, the surplus power is charged in the battery.
- step S104 If it is determined in step S104 that the amount of solar radiation or the generated power is less than the threshold value W3, the process proceeds to step S108.
- step S108 the control device 60 checks the battery state and determines whether the remaining battery level is equal to or greater than the threshold value Wh3. If the remaining battery level is greater than or equal to threshold value Wh3, the process proceeds to step S110; otherwise, the process proceeds to step S111.
- step S110 the control device 60 sets the battery / PV assist mode to supplement (assist) the shortage of the power generation amount of the PV 40 with the discharge power from the battery 50, and the process proceeds to step S107.
- the air conditioner 131 is operated in the strong heating / cooling mode using the power from the PV 40 and the battery 50. .
- step S109 If it is determined in step S109 that the remaining battery level is less than the threshold value Wh3 and the process proceeds to step S111, the control device 60 compensates for the shortage of the power generation amount of the PV 40 with the alternator 37 mounted on the truck vehicle ( The assist / alternator / PV assist mode is set, and the process proceeds to step S112. That is, the alternator 37 and the air conditioner 131 are electrically connected, and the power from the alternator 37 is supplied to the air conditioner 131.
- the alternator 37 is connected to the engine of the truck vehicle 1 via a pulley and a belt (not shown), and generally operates at a rotational speed twice that of the engine. In other words, while the engine is on, the engine always operates at a certain number of revolutions or more. As long as the engine is on, the alternator speed will not drop below a certain level. Therefore, when the alternator / PV assist mode is set, for example, when the engine is idling and the generated power of the alternator 37 is low, the number of revolutions of the alternator 37 is increased so that desired power is generated. It is possible to control. In short, in the alternator / PV assist mode, the rotational speed of the alternator 37 may be controlled by the control device 60 so as to generate desired power. On the other hand, if the required power of the air conditioner 131 can always be satisfied with the minimum number of revolutions of the alternator 37, the alternator 37 need not be controlled.
- step S112 the control device 60 determines whether or not the power generated by the alternator 37 generates surplus power to be charged in the battery 50. At this time, if surplus power is generated, control device 60 advances the process to step S113 to execute the charging mode. If surplus power does not occur, the process proceeds to step S107.
- step S113 a battery charging process similar to that in step S15 is performed based on the determination result that surplus power is generated. That is, the control device 60 instructs the charge / discharge controller 65 to charge the battery, and the charge / discharge controller 65 charges the battery with surplus power from the alternator 37.
- step 102 If it is determined in step 102 (FIG. 13) that the temperature difference Td1 is less than the threshold value Tc, the controller 60 reads the room temperature Tin in step S114 (FIG. 14). Next, the control device 60 determines whether or not the temperature difference Td1 between the room temperature Tin and the set temperature (set value) Tset is equal to or greater than a preset constant (threshold value) Ta (where Tc> Ta) (step S115). ). At this time, if the temperature difference Td1 is equal to or greater than the threshold value Ta, the control device 60 advances the process to step S116 in order to try the operation in the air conditioning weak mode. On the other hand, if the temperature difference Td1 is less than the threshold value Ta, the control device 60 proceeds to step S39 (FIG. 11) and charges the battery 50 with power from the PV 40.
- step S39 FIG. 11
- step S116 the control device 60 reads the amount of solar radiation obtained by the same method as in step S12 or the generated power of the PV 40. Subsequently, the control device 60 determines whether or not the amount of solar radiation or the generated power is equal to or greater than a threshold value W2 (W3> W2) (step S117). At this time, if the amount of solar radiation or the generated electric power is greater than or equal to the threshold value W2, the control device 60 advances the process to step S118. On the other hand, if the amount of solar radiation or the generated electric power is less than the threshold value W2, the control device 60 advances the process to step S121.
- W2 W3> W2
- step S118 the control device 60 determines whether or not the amount of solar radiation or the generated power of the PV 40 generates surplus power to be charged in the battery 50. At this time, if there is surplus power, the control device 60 advances the process to step S119. If there is no surplus power, the control device 60 proceeds to step S120.
- step S119 the control device 60 instructs the charge / discharge controller 65 to charge the battery in order to execute the charge mode.
- the charge / discharge controller 65 executes a battery charging process using surplus power from the PV 40 in accordance with an instruction from the control device 60.
- step S120 the control device 60 executes the operation of the air conditioner 131 in the cooling / heating weak mode in which the output of the air conditioner 131 is operated with "weak”. That is, the control device 60 instructs a controller (not shown) provided in the air conditioner 131 to operate at the set temperature and the output “weak”. The controller of the air conditioner 131 performs cooling or heating operation at an output and a set temperature corresponding to the cooling / heating weak mode in accordance with an instruction from the control device 60. After step S120, the process returns to step S6.
- the air conditioner air conditioner
- step S117 If it is determined in step S117 that the amount of solar radiation or the generated power is less than the threshold value W2, the process proceeds to step S121, and the control device 60 checks the battery state. Next, the control device 60 determines whether or not the remaining battery level is equal to or greater than a threshold value Wh2 (Wh3> Wh2) (step S122). If the remaining battery level is greater than or equal to threshold value Wh2, the process proceeds to step S123; otherwise, the process proceeds to step S124.
- Wh2 Wh3> Wh2
- step S123 the control device 60 sets a battery / PV assist mode that compensates (assists) the shortage of the power generation amount of the PV 40 with the power from the battery 50, and advances the processing to step S120.
- the air conditioner 131 is operated in the cooling / heating weak mode using the power from the PV 40 and the battery 50. .
- step S122 When it is determined in step S122 that the remaining battery level is less than the threshold value Wh2, and the process proceeds to step S124, the control device 60 compensates for the shortage of the power generation amount of the PV 40 with the alternator 37 mounted on the truck vehicle 1. (Assist) alternator / PV assist mode is set, and the process proceeds to step S125.
- step S125 the control device 60 determines whether or not the power generated by the alternator 37 generates surplus power to be charged in the battery 50. At this time, if surplus power is generated, control device 60 advances the process to step S126 to execute the charging mode. If surplus power does not occur, the process proceeds to step S120.
- step S126 the battery charging process is executed based on the determination result that surplus power is generated. That is, the control device 60 instructs the charge / discharge controller 65 to charge the battery, and the charge / discharge controller 65 charges the battery with surplus power from the alternator 37.
- the air conditioner 131 is operated in the cooling / heating weak mode using the power from the PV 40 and the alternator 37. At this time, if there is surplus power from the alternator 37, the surplus power is charged in the battery 50.
- the following operations are performed in addition to operations substantially similar to steps S1 to S39. That is, when the engine is on, an attempt is made to operate the air conditioner 131 in either the heating / cooling strong mode or the heating / cooling weak mode according to the temperature difference Td1 between the room temperature and the set temperature. At this time, if the required power of the air conditioner 131 can be provided only by the power from the PV 40, the air conditioner 131 is operated in either the heating / cooling strong mode or the heating / cooling weak mode using only the power from the PV 40. .
- the air conditioner 131 When the required power of the air conditioner cannot be provided only by the power from the PV 40 and the shortage of power can be compensated by the remaining battery power, the air conditioner 131 is cooled and heated by the power from the PV 40 and the battery. It is operated in one of the strong mode and the air conditioning weak mode. When the remaining amount of the battery cannot compensate for the shortage of power, the air conditioner 131 is operated by the power from the PV 40 and the alternator 37. When surplus power is generated from the PV 40 or the alternator 37, the surplus power is charged in the battery.
- FIGS. 15 and 16 are flowcharts showing a second air conditioning control example in the automatic operation mode applied to the built-in type air conditioner 131.
- the determination step diamond symbol
- the battery 50 is used in preference to the use of the alternator 37 in the air conditioning control when the engine is on.
- the alternator 37 is used in the air conditioning control when the engine is on.
- steps S1 to S39 shown in FIGS. 8 to 11 are performed. That is, in the second air conditioning control example, the processes in steps S1 to S7 are the same as those in the first air conditioning control example as shown in FIG. Further, the processing (steps S8 to S39) when the ignition switch 79 (engine) is OFF is substantially the same as that shown in FIGS. On the other hand, the processing when the ignition switch 79 (engine) is on is different from the processing in the first air conditioning control example shown in FIGS. 13 and 14 in the following points.
- steps S108 to S110 shown in FIG. 13 are omitted (see FIG. 15). Further, steps S121 to S123 shown in FIG. 14 are omitted (see FIG. 16).
- the air conditioner 131 is operated with the power assist of the alternator 37 without using the power from the battery 50.
- the electric power from the battery 50 is used when the engine is off. Thereby, the remaining amount of the battery 50 can be kept in a good state.
- the control device 60 determines whether to operate in cooling or heating, and according to the determination result, during cooling or during heating.
- Different threshold values Ta to Tc may be used. The same applies to values such as the amount of solar radiation / generated power W1 to W3 and the remaining battery power Wh1 to Wh3.
- the control device 60 can determine whether it is cooling or heating based on the comparison result between the room temperature Tin and the set temperature Tset. For example, if Tin ⁇ ( ⁇ ) Tset, it is determined that the cooling operation is performed, and if Tin> ( ⁇ ) Tset, it can be determined that the heating operation is performed.
- FIG. 17A is a diagram schematically showing the relationship between the set temperature Tset and the temperature differences Td1, Td2, and Td3.
- FIG. 17B is a diagram showing the set temperature Tset when the room temperature Tin ⁇ outside temperature Tout as a number line
- FIG. 17C shows the set temperature Tset when the outside temperature Tout ⁇ room temperature Tin as a number line. It is a figure shown by.
- FIG. 17D is a list showing the states ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 8> shown in FIGS. 17B and 17C, and shows details of the determination in step S30 (Td3 ⁇ Td1?).
- the operation modes (cooling / heating (cooling or heating) and ventilation) are states ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 8 determined by the magnitude relationship between the room temperature Tin and the outside temperature Tout and the positional relationship of the set temperature Tset. > Is decided according to.
- the state ⁇ 1> is a state in which the room temperature Tin is lower than the outside air temperature Tout and the set temperature Tset is lower than the room temperature Tin (Tset ⁇ Tin ⁇ Tout).
- Td3> Td1 is established, and the operation in the cooling / heating mode (cooling mode) is determined.
- the room temperature Tin is lower than the outside air temperature Tout
- the set temperature Tset is between the room temperature Tin and the outside air temperature Tout (Tin ⁇ Tset ⁇ Tout)
- the set temperature Tset is the room temperature Tin below the outside air temperature Tout.
- the state is close (Tset ⁇ Tin + 1 / 2Td2).
- Td3> Td1 the operation in the air conditioning mode (heating mode) is determined.
- the room temperature Tin is lower than the outside air temperature Tout
- the set temperature Tset is between the room temperature Tin and the outside air temperature Tout (Tin ⁇ Tset ⁇ Tout)
- the set temperature Tset is outside the room temperature Tin. It is a close state (Tset ⁇ Tin + 1 / 2Td2).
- Td3 ⁇ Td1 is established, and the operation in the ventilation mode is determined.
- State ⁇ 4> is a state in which the room temperature Tin is lower than the outside air temperature Tout and the set temperature Tset is higher than the outside air temperature Tout (Tin ⁇ Tout ⁇ Tset).
- Td3 ⁇ Td1 is established, and the operation in the ventilation mode is determined.
- the state ⁇ 5> is a state in which the outside air temperature Tout is lower than the room temperature Tin and the set temperature Tset is lower than the room temperature Tin (Tset ⁇ Tout ⁇ Tin).
- Td3 ⁇ Td1 is established, and the operation in the ventilation mode is determined.
- the outside air temperature Tout is lower than the room temperature Tin
- the set temperature Tset is between the room temperature Tin and the outside air temperature Tout (Tout ⁇ Tset ⁇ Tin)
- the set temperature Tset is less than the room temperature Tin. It is a close state (Tset ⁇ Tin ⁇ 1 / 2Td2).
- Td3 ⁇ Td1
- the operation in the ventilation mode is determined.
- the outside temperature Tout is lower than the room temperature Tin
- the set temperature Tset is between the room temperature Tin and the outside temperature Tout (Tout ⁇ Tset ⁇ Tin)
- the set temperature Tset is set to the room temperature Tin than the outside temperature Tout.
- the state is near (Tset> Tin ⁇ 1 / 2Td2).
- Td3> Td1 is established, and the operation in the cooling / heating mode (cooling) mode is determined.
- State ⁇ 8> is a state in which the outside air temperature Tout is lower than the room temperature Tin and the set temperature Tset is higher than the outside air temperature Tout (Tout ⁇ Tin ⁇ Tset).
- Td3> Td1 the operation in the air conditioning mode (heating mode) is determined.
- FIG. 18 is a graph representing the number line indicating Tset shown in FIG.
- Tset is a line segment represented by Tin and Td2 (difference between the room temperature and the outside air temperature).
- a graph in which A, B, and C are drawn is shown.
- the state ⁇ 1> is an area below the line segment A.
- State ⁇ 2> is a region sandwiched between line segment A and line segment B.
- State ⁇ 3> is an area sandwiched between line segment B and line segment C.
- State ⁇ 4> is a region above line segment C in FIG.
- the ventilation mode is not determined for a range where the temperature difference Td2 between the room temperature Tin and the outside air temperature Tout is equal to or less than the threshold value Tb (Td2 ⁇ Tb).
- FIG. 19 is a graph showing the number line indicating Tset shown in FIG.
- Tset is a line segment expressed as Tin and Td2 (difference between the room temperature and the outside air temperature).
- a graph in which D, E, and F are drawn is shown.
- the state ⁇ 5> is a region below the line segment D.
- State ⁇ 6> is a region sandwiched between line segment D and line segment E.
- State ⁇ 7> is a region sandwiched between line segment E and line segment F.
- the state ⁇ 8> is an area above the line segment F in FIG.
- the ventilation mode is not determined for a range where the temperature difference Td2 between the room temperature Tin and the outside air temperature Tout is equal to or less than the threshold Tb (Td2 ⁇ Tb).
- the reason for determining the operation mode is as follows.
- the ventilation mode is “takes outside air to bring the cab temperature (room temperature) Tin close to the outside temperature Tout”.
- the two conditions of “Td2 ⁇ Tb” and “Td3 ⁇ Td1” relate to the conditions under which this is advantageous.
- Td2
- Td2> Tb the target temperature
- Td3> Td1 the difference from Tset increases when Tin is brought closer to Tout. Therefore, it is more efficient to select Tin as the air conditioning mode than the ventilation mode. To be close to.
- Tset is closer to Tout than Tin, that is, when Td3 ⁇ Td1, it is possible to efficiently bring Tin closer to Tset by taking outside air in the ventilation mode and bringing Tin closer to Tout.
- the operation mode (cooling mode, heating mode, ventilation mode) of the air conditioners 30 (131) and 130 can be determined based on the relationship between the room temperature, the outside air temperature, and the set temperature.
- the above is an example according to the flowcharts of FIGS. 8 to 16, and the operation mode in each state can be appropriately changed.
- step S30 one of the air conditioning mode and the ventilation mode is determined based on the determination “Td3 ⁇ Td1?”, But one of the air conditioning mode and the ventilation mode is determined depending on other conditions.
- FIG. 20 is a flowchart showing an example of a subroutine of battery charging processing (S15, S25, S34, S39, S106, S113, S119, S126).
- the process in FIG. 20 is started, for example, when the charge / discharge controller 65 receives an instruction from the control device 60.
- the charge / discharge controller 65 reads the input voltage from the solar cell panel (PV) 40, the alternator 37, or the external power source (external system) 80 corresponding to the power supply source (step S301).
- the charge / discharge controller 65 can use the measured value of a voltmeter (not shown) that measures the output voltage of the PV 40, the output voltage of the alternator 37, and the voltage of the external power supply 80 connected to the interface unit 81 as the input voltage.
- the charge / discharge controller 65 determines whether or not the input voltage Vin is higher than the battery voltage Vbat (step S302).
- the charge / discharge controller 65 can obtain the battery voltage Vbat by taking a value obtained by measuring a voltage between terminals of the battery 50 with a voltmeter (not shown).
- the battery charging process subroutine is terminated, and the process returns to the main routine.
- the charge / discharge controller 65 reads the battery capacity (remaining battery capacity) detected by the battery monitor 72 (step S303).
- the charge / discharge controller 65 determines whether or not the battery capacity is smaller than the value Whfull indicating the full charge of the battery (step S304). At this time, if the battery capacity is equal to or greater than the value Whfull, it is determined that the battery capacity is full (that is, charging is completed), and the battery charging process subroutine ends. On the other hand, when the battery capacity is smaller than the value Whfull, the charge / discharge controller 65 reads the battery temperature detected by the battery temperature sensor 71 (step S305).
- the charge / discharge controller 65 starts charging in the optimum charging mode based on the battery state such as the battery temperature (step S306). Thereafter, the charge / discharge controller 65 determines whether or not a load (for example, the air conditioner 30 (131)) is connected to the battery 50 (step S307). At this time, if a load is connected, the battery charging process is completed or returned, whereby another process can be executed. On the other hand, if the load is not connected, the process returns to step S301.
- a load for example, the air conditioner 30 (131)
- step S306 when the battery 50 is charged to some extent in step S306, the process returns to, for example, step S4, so that the load (air conditioner 30 (131)) can be controlled. .
- other processing such as information input
- step S301 when the load is not connected, the process is returned to step S301, and the charging of the battery 50 is continued. Thereby, when the load is not connected, the battery 50 can be finally fully charged.
- charging is performed using power supplied from at least one of the PV 40, the alternator 37, and the external power supply 80 in an optimal charging mode based on the battery state.
- the battery charging process has been described above, the battery charging process is not limited to this, and a conventionally known battery charging process can be performed.
- the control device (system controller) 60 described above can further include a snow accumulation prevention mode.
- the snow accumulation prevention mode is a mode in which, when the temperature falls below a certain set temperature, such as in winter, the solar cell panel (PV) 40 is energized to cause the PV 40 to generate heat and prevent snow accumulation.
- FIGS. 21 to 24 are flowcharts showing processing examples in the snow cover prevention mode.
- the determination step diamond symbol
- the process proceeds downward, and if the determination result is No, the process proceeds in the horizontal direction.
- the control device 60 first displays a mode selection screen (not shown) on the display device 83 (step S201).
- a mode selection screen On the mode selection screen, an input field for inputting whether or not to select the snow cover prevention mode is displayed.
- the mode selection screen is provided with a check box for the snow cover prevention mode, and when the user checks the check box using the input device, the snow cover prevention mode is turned on.
- a confirmation button (not shown) is provided on the mode selection screen. When the user presses the confirmation button using the input device, setting input for the snow accumulation prevention mode is performed.
- control device 60 displays a set temperature input screen on the display device 83 instead of the mode selection screen (step S202).
- the user can input the set temperature using the input device 84.
- the set temperature here indicates an outside air temperature at which energization of the PV 40 is started.
- the control device 60 When the input of the set temperature is completed, the control device 60 resets the counter value of the set time to 0 with respect to the counter (not shown) for measuring the set time provided in itself (step S203). Subsequently, the control device 60 displays a set time input screen on the display device 83 instead of the set temperature input screen (step S203). The user can input the set time using the input device 84. As the set time, when the snow cover prevention mode is performed using power from the battery 50 or the alternator 37, a time limit for performing the snow cover prevention mode is set. The control device 60 stores the input set time in the memory 67.
- control device 60 determines whether the external power source 80 is turned on / off (step S205), and determines whether there is power supply from the external power source 80 (step S206). At this time, if there is an external power supply, the process proceeds to step S207 (FIG. 22), and if not, the process proceeds to step S214 (FIG. 23).
- step S207 the control device 60 sets a count value corresponding to the set time stored in the memory 67 in a counter (not shown), and starts counting the set time.
- the set time is counted by decreasing (decrementing) the counter value every unit time.
- control device 60 determines whether or not the count value is greater than 0 (step S208). At this time, if the counter value is 0 or less, it is determined that the set time has expired, and the snow accumulation prevention mode process shown in FIGS. On the other hand, if the counter value is greater than 0, the process proceeds to step S209.
- step S209 the control device 60 reads the outside air temperature Tout obtained by the outside air temperature sensor 74.
- the control device 60 determines whether or not the outside air temperature Tout is equal to or lower than the set temperature Tset (step S210). At this time, if the outside air temperature Tout is higher than the set temperature Tset, the process returns to step S205 (FIG. 21). On the other hand, when the outside air temperature Tout is equal to or lower than the set temperature Tset, the control device 60 advances the process to step S211 to operate the snow accumulation prevention mode in the external power supply mode.
- step S211 the control device 60 is disposed between the PV 40 and the air conditioner 30, and a backflow prevention diode 91 (FIG. 25, FIG. 25) prevents current flowing back from the battery 50, the alternator 37, and the external power source 80 from flowing into the PV40. FIG. 26) is cut. Details of this processing will be described later.
- step S212 a battery charging process (FIG. 20) is performed in which the battery is charged with power from the external power source 80. That is, the control device 60 gives an instruction to charge the battery 50 to the charge / discharge controller 65. Then, the charge / discharge controller 65 electrically connects the external power supply 80 and the battery 50 so that the battery 50 is charged with power from the external power supply 80.
- step S213 the snow cover prevention mode is executed. That is, the external power supply 80 and the PV 40 are electrically connected, and the current flows into the PV 40 by bypassing the backflow prevention diode 91 in the direction opposite to the direction in which the normal current flows.
- PV40 generates heat and melts snow falling on the surface of PV40 and frost generated on the surface of PV40.
- it can suppress that the surface of PV40 is covered with snow etc., and PV40 cannot generate electric power.
- step S206 determines whether or not the set time is equal to or greater than the counter threshold value Ca (step S215).
- the threshold value Ca is a threshold value for limiting the set time set by the user to a certain length when there is no input from the external power supply 80. Therefore, if the set time is equal to or greater than the threshold value Ca, the counter value is set to the threshold value Ca (step S216), and the process proceeds to step S217. On the other hand, if the set time is less than the threshold value Ca, the process skips step S216 and proceeds to step S217.
- step S217 the set time is counted in the same manner as in step S207. That is, the count value or threshold value Ca corresponding to the set time is set in the counter, and countdown of the count value is started.
- control device 60 determines whether or not the count value is greater than 0 (step S218). At this time, if the counter value is 0 or less, it is determined that the set time has expired, and the snow accumulation prevention mode process shown in FIGS. On the other hand, if the counter value is greater than 0, the process proceeds to step S219.
- the control device 60 reads the outside air temperature Tout (step S219), and determines whether or not the outside air temperature Tout is equal to or lower than the set temperature Tset (step S220). At this time, if the outside air temperature Tout is not less than or equal to the set temperature Tset, the process returns to step S205 (FIG. 21). On the other hand, if the outside air temperature Tout is equal to or lower than the set temperature Tset, the process proceeds to step S221.
- step S221 the control device 60 cuts the backflow prevention diode 91 in the same manner as in step S211 and advances the process to step S222 (FIG. 24).
- step S222 the control device 60 checks whether the ignition switch 79 of the truck vehicle 1 is on or off, and determines whether or not the ignition switch 79 is on (step S223). At this time, if the ignition switch 79 is on, the process proceeds to step S224, and if the ignition switch 79 is off, the process proceeds to step S228.
- step S224 the control device 60 determines to energize the PV 40 with the electric power from the alternator 37.
- the control device 60 determines whether or not surplus power is generated by the power generation of the alternator 37 (step S225). That is, the required power in the snow cover prevention mode is compared with the output power of the alternator 37, and if the output power exceeds the required power, it is determined that surplus power is generated.
- step S2236 when surplus power is generated, the control device 60 gives a charge instruction to the charge / discharge controller 65, and the charge / discharge controller 65 performs a battery charging process (step S226). Thereafter, the process proceeds to step S227. On the other hand, also when it determines with surplus electric power not producing by step S225, a process progresses to step S227.
- step S227 the control device 60 executes the snow accumulation prevention mode. That is, the control device 60 electrically connects the alternator 37 and the PV 40, and the current from the alternator 37 bypasses the backflow prevention diode 91 and flows in the direction opposite to the direction of the current when the PV 40 is generating power. Flows in. As a result, the PV 40 generates heat and the snow and frost on the surface of the PV 40 are dissolved. Thereafter, the process returns to step S205 (FIG. 21).
- step S223 If it is determined in step S223 that the ignition switch 79 is off, the process proceeds to step S228 to execute the snow accumulation prevention mode in the battery mode using the battery 50.
- step S228, the control device 60 checks the state of the battery. Subsequently, the control device 60 determines whether or not the remaining battery level is equal to or greater than the threshold value Wh1 (step S229). At this time, if the remaining battery level is not greater than or equal to the threshold value Wh1, the process ends. This is because it is impossible to secure power for executing the snow cover prevention mode for a certain period of time.
- the control device 60 executes the snow cover prevention mode using the power from the battery 50. That is, the control device 60 electrically connects the battery 50 and the PV 40 so that the current from the battery 50 bypasses the backflow prevention diode 91 and flows in a direction opposite to the direction of the current when the PV 40 generates power. . As a result, the PV 40 generates heat and the snow and frost on the surface of the PV 40 are dissolved. Thereafter, the process returns to step S205.
- FIG. 25 and 26 are operation explanatory views for explaining the snow cover prevention mode, and schematically show the circuit configuration of the air conditioning control system.
- FIG. 25 shows a circuit state in which current from the PV 40 is supplied to the air conditioner 30 (131), and
- FIG. 26 shows a circuit state in the snow cover prevention mode.
- the PV 40 is connected to the charge / discharge controller 65 together with the air conditioner 30 (131) (illustrated by a resistance symbol), the battery 50, the alternator 37, and the external power source 80. 25 and 26, the illustration of the interface unit 81 (FIG. 7) interposed between the external power supply 80 and the charge / discharge controller 65 is omitted.
- the charge / discharge controller 65 includes a switch for selectively connecting at least one of the battery 50, the PV 40, the alternator 37, and the external power source 80 to the air conditioner 30, and at least one of the PV 40, the alternator 37, and the external power source 80.
- a switch group (not shown) including a switch for selectively connecting to the battery 50.
- the charge / discharge controller 65 electrically supplies an appropriate power source (at least one of the PV 40, the battery 50, the alternator 37, and the external power source 80) to the air conditioner 30 (131) in accordance with an instruction from the control device 60. Can be connected. At this time, the charge / discharge controller 65 can selectively supply power from any one of the PV 40, the battery 50, the alternator 37, and the external power supply 80 to the air conditioner 30. Alternatively, power from at least two of the PV 40, the battery 50, the alternator 37, and the external power supply 80 can be supplied in parallel. At this time, electric power obtained by combining the electric power from the PV 40, the battery 50, the alternator 37, and the external power supply 80 with appropriate distribution can be supplied to the air conditioner 30.
- an appropriate power source at least one of the PV 40, the battery 50, the alternator 37, and the external power source 80
- a backflow prevention diode 91 is provided between the PV 40 and the air conditioner 30 to prevent the current from the battery 50, the alternator 37, and the external power source 80 from flowing back to the PV 40. It has been.
- a switch 92 for cutting (bypassing) the backflow prevention diode 91 is provided on the cathode side of the backflow prevention diode 91.
- a switch 93 for controlling supply / stop of supply of electric power (current) to the air conditioner 30 is connected in series with the air conditioner 30.
- PV40 it is in the state where the several solar cell element group connected in series is connected in parallel, PV40 receives light, and the electric power from a solar cell element group goes to the backflow prevention diode 91 side.
- the air flows through the backflow prevention diode 91 and the switch 92 and is supplied to the air conditioner 30.
- the current from the solar cell element 41 positioned in the preceding stage does not flow to each solar cell element 41.
- the bypass diode 94 is connected in parallel to the solar cell element 41.
- the switch 92 can be switched between the backflow prevention diode side and the bypass side.
- the backflow prevention diode side is selected (turned on)
- the output current from the PV 40 flows in the forward direction of the backflow prevention diode 91 and is supplied to the air conditioner 30 and the battery 50.
- the reverse current of the backflow prevention diode 91 is blocked by the backflow prevention diode 91.
- the switch 93 can be switched between on and off.
- the switch 93 When the switch 93 is on, current from various power sources such as the PV 40 flows into the air conditioner 30. On the other hand, when the switch 93 is turned off, the current input to the air conditioner 30 is suppressed.
- the switch 92 when the switch 92 is in the on state and the switch 93 is in the on state, the generated current in the PV 40 flows into the air conditioner 30 through the backflow prevention diode 91 and the switch 92 (FIG. 25). At this time, the battery 50 is charged with surplus power from the PV 40 or the air conditioner 30 is operated in the PV / battery assist mode.
- the air conditioner 30 and the alternator 37 are connected when the switches 92 and 93 are on, the air conditioner 30 is operated in the PV / alternator assist mode. At this time, the battery 50 is charged with surplus power from the alternator 37.
- the air conditioner 30 is connected to the external power source 80 while the switches 92 and 93 are on, the air conditioner 30 is operated in the assist mode by the external power source 80.
- the switch 92 When the switch 92 is on and the switch 93 is off and an external load is connected via the interface unit 81 instead of the external power source 80, the current from the PV 40 is supplied to the charge / discharge controller 65 and the interface unit 81. This is a so-called power sale mode that can be supplied to an external load through the terminal.
- step S211 the control device 60 turns off the switch 92.
- the current from the external power supply 80 or the like can flow into the PV 40 by bypassing the backflow prevention diode 91.
- the control device 60 turns off the switch 93 as an additional process. Thereby, it can be set as the state which the electric current from external power supply 80 grade
- the control device 60 connects the external power source 80 and the PV 40, and energizes the PV 40 with the current from the external power source 80 (external power mode).
- the control device 60 connects the alternator 37 and the PV 40, and supplies the current from the alternator 37 to the PV 40 (alternator mode).
- the control device 60 energizes the PV 40 with the current from the battery 50 (battery mode).
- the snow accumulation prevention mode By executing the snow accumulation prevention mode as described above, it is possible to prevent snow from accumulating on the light receiving surface of the solar cell panel 40. Note that when the snow cover prevention mode is executed using the power from the alternator 37, the battery 50, etc., as described above, the set time is set with the threshold value Ca as the maximum value. The mode is supposed to end.
- the connection state between the external power source 80, the alternator 37 or the battery 50 and the solar cell panel 40, and the connection state of the backflow prevention diode 91 are the original state (on state). Returned to Even when the external power source 80 is used, the snow accumulation prevention mode is terminated when the set time expires. However, when the external power source 80 is used, the snow accumulation prevention mode is required unless the snow accumulation prevention mode is forcibly terminated. It is also possible to maintain the execution of the prevention mode.
- the snow accumulation prevention mode executed when the outside air temperature is below a certain level has been described.
- a snow melting mode may be provided in which snow accumulation on the PV 40 is sensed and the PV 40 is energized and heated in the same manner.
- a closed day is set, it is determined whether the current day is a closed day or a business day, and if it is a business day, the subsequent processing is executed. It was. Instead of such a configuration, the following processing according to the operation schedule (usage schedule) of the truck vehicle 1 may be performed.
- an operation schedule input screen is displayed on the display device 83 by the display control unit 66.
- a calendar indicating a certain period is displayed on the operation schedule input screen.
- the calendar indicates the days included in the period, and the seventh day (Sun-Sat).
- the input screen is provided with a check box for closed days corresponding to each day and an input field for business hours.
- the user can turn on the closed day flag as described above by checking the check box corresponding to each day of the calendar using the input device 84.
- the business day is the day when the holiday flag is off.
- the user can use the input device 84 to input the business hours in the business hours input field on business days.
- a calendar for inputting a one-week operation schedule from a predetermined day for example, Friday
- a predetermined day for example, Friday
- the user can input an operation schedule from the next Saturday to the following Friday on Friday.
- it is closed on Saturdays and Sundays (check the check box for closed days), Monday through Thursday from 6 am to 4 pm, and Friday from 10 am to 8 pm It can be set as (operation time).
- the remaining amount of the battery 50 is checked, and if the remaining amount is smaller than a predetermined amount, the battery charging process can be performed.
- the predetermined amount for example, any one of the threshold values Wh3, Wh2, and Wh1 may be used, or another predetermined amount may be used. Alternatively, full charging may be performed.
- the output destination of the power of the PV 40 is switched from the battery 50 to the external terminal (interface unit 81), and power is supplied to the external load connected to the interface unit 81.
- the power may be supplied, that is, the power may be sold.
- Such switching processing may be automatic processing using the control device 60 or manual processing.
- operation starts at 6am.
- the control device 60 starts the processing after step S6. be able to.
- the air-conditioning operation mainly uses electric power from the battery 50, depending on the season and the stop environment of the truck vehicle 1 (light quantity in the stop environment).
- the remaining amount of the battery at the air conditioning operation start time is preferably in a fully charged state, and at least from the air conditioning operation start time to the business start time, a remaining amount equal to or higher than a predetermined value that can be operated with the battery 50 alone is secured. It is preferable.
- the remaining battery level for example, the threshold value Wh1: Wh1 ⁇ Wh2 ⁇ Wh3
- the remaining battery level is set higher and the remaining battery level is maintained at a predetermined value or more.
- control such as charging the battery 50 by connecting to the system (external power source 80) after the end of business hours (operation time) is also conceivable.
- the air-conditioning operation start time can be appropriately set using, for example, an input screen. Therefore, by making the air conditioning operation start time earlier or later according to the operation start time, it is possible to make finer comfort and energy control possible.
- 8:00 pm is the service end time. For this reason, the battery 50 is the main driving after sunset, depending on the season and the amount of light in the traveling or stopping environment of the truck vehicle 1.
- 2nd Embodiment drives the cooling part (electric component) of the cooling storage provided in a truck vehicle or a cargo bed using the electrical energy generated with the solar cell panel provided in the cargo bed.
- a truck vehicle that includes a temperature adjustment unit that adjusts the temperature of at least a part of the cab or the load storage unit and supplies electric energy from the solar cell panel to the temperature adjustment unit.
- the solar cell panel which drives the cooling device as a temperature adjustment part which cools the cooling storage provided in the cargo bed with the electrical energy generated with the solar cell panel provided in the cargo bed was mounted.
- a truck vehicle will be described.
- FIGS. 27A and 27B show an example of a vehicle (truck vehicle) according to the second embodiment.
- 1A shows the whole truck vehicle, and this truck vehicle 1A includes a driving vehicle 110 including a driver's cab, a loading platform 120, and a refrigerator 30A as a temperature adjusting unit.
- the refrigerator 30A corresponds to a cooling unit (cooling device).
- the cargo bed 120 accommodates a cooling storage (hereinafter referred to as a freezer) 122 having a heat insulating structure for storing frozen articles and a part of the components constituting the refrigerator 30A.
- a cooling storage hereinafter referred to as a freezer
- a cargo bed body 121 provided with the heat exchange unit 31A is provided.
- the heat exchange unit 31 ⁇ / b> A is provided adjacent to the freezer 122 on the side of the driving vehicle 110 with respect to the freezer 122 in the cargo bed body 121, and is provided above the driving vehicle 110.
- a solar cell panel 40 for supplying electric energy to the refrigerator 30A is provided on the outer surface of the cargo bed body 121.
- the loading platform 120 is provided with a storage battery 50 that stores surplus power generated by the solar panel 40 and that supplements the insufficient power of the solar panel 40.
- the refrigerator 30A itself has a known structure, and includes a compressor (compressor) 132 that pressurizes the vaporized refrigerant, a condenser (condenser) that condenses the refrigerant, and an evaporator (evaporator) that vaporizes the refrigerant.
- the refrigerant is circulated through the piping.
- the compressor 132 is provided in the engine room 111 of the driving vehicle 110.
- the capacitor and the evaporator are provided in the heat exchange unit 31A.
- the refrigerator 30A includes an air curtain device 139.
- the air curtain device 139 is installed on the inside upper part of the rear end of the loading platform where the door of the loading platform 120 is provided.
- the air curtain device 139 sucks cool air in the cabinet and blows it out downward in a curtain shape, thereby separating the air in the cabinet from the air outside the cabinet when the door is opened, and suppressing fluctuations in the cabinet temperature.
- the air curtain device 139 is separated from the heat exchange unit 31A, but the air curtain device 131 may be integrated with the heat exchange unit 31A and provided near the door.
- FIG. 28 is a diagram schematically showing the drive system of the refrigerator 30A.
- An electric motor 133 is used as a power source (drive source) for the compressor 132.
- the electric motor 133 is provided in the engine room 111 of the driving vehicle 110 and is connected to the compressor 132 via a clutch.
- the heat exchange unit 31 ⁇ / b> A is provided with a blower, and the cold air heat-exchanged by the evaporator is blown into the freezer 122.
- Electric parts such as the electric motor 133 constituting the refrigerator 30A, a blower motor (not shown) provided in the heat exchange unit 31A, and the air curtain device 139 are an alternator (generator) 37 as a power source.
- a battery (storage battery) 50 and a solar cell panel 40 are connected via a system controller (hereinafter referred to as “control unit” or control device) 160.
- the control device 160 is provided in the driving vehicle 110 or the loading platform 120 and controls the driving of the refrigerator 30A. In addition, the control device 160 performs power source switching control in order to drive and control the refrigerator 30A.
- the truck vehicle refrigerator 30A can be applied to the following truck vehicles, for example. That is, the freezer 122 is provided in at least one of the loading platform having a loading platform body that is connected to the driving vehicle or the driving vehicle and covers the load storage portion, and includes the refrigerator 30A as a cooling unit that adjusts the temperature in the freezer 122, for example, It can be applied to those satisfying the following (1) or (2).
- the maximum output q per unit weight of the solar cell panel is multiplied by 1 with respect to the value obtained by dividing the required power of at least one operation mode by the weight of the solar cell panel Set as above.
- the maximum output q per unit weight of the solar cell panel is set to be not less than 0.1 times the value obtained by dividing the maximum power consumption of the refrigerator 30A by the weight of the solar cell panel.
- the maximum output q per unit weight of the solar cell panel is obtained by dividing the above Wp by the weight of the solar cell panel, and is an indicator of a lightweight and high output solar cell panel. Any solar cell panel described in the first embodiment can be applied to the solar cell panel 40 in the second embodiment.
- the maximum output per unit weight of the solar cell panel 40 is 1. It is set to be twice or more.
- the refrigerator 30 ⁇ / b> A can be driven in a predetermined mode by the solar cell panel 40 alone if sufficient sunshine is secured on the solar cell panel 40. Therefore, the refrigerator 30A can be driven even during parking with the engine stopped. Of course, it can be used when driving. Moreover, the output of the solar cell panel 40 can be used as auxiliary power for driving the refrigerator regardless of whether the vehicle is parked or traveling.
- the power consumption (power consumption in the steady state) of the refrigerator 30A operating in the weak mode is much smaller. If the power generation exceeding the power consumption in the steady state can be achieved, the driving of the refrigerator 30A can be sufficiently prevented for a considerable time with only the power generation energy of the solar cell panel 40.
- the refrigerator 30A can be operated in at least an operation mode (such as a strong refrigeration mode) with large required power (power consumption) and an operation mode (such as a weak refrigeration mode) with low power consumption.
- an operation mode such as a strong refrigeration mode
- an operation mode such as a weak refrigeration mode
- the power generation energy of the solar cell panel 40 can be supplied.
- the operation mode of the present embodiment can be selected by combining a plurality of modes such as a strong freezing mode and a battery / PV assist mode, and a low freezing mode and a battery charging mode as described later.
- the refrigerator 30A is driven by the power from the solar cell panel 40 and the power from the auxiliary power source such as an alternator, and the refrigerator 30A is driven only by the power from the solar cell panel 40 in a steady state.
- the maximum output per unit weight of the solar cell panel 40 is set to be 1 or more than the required power of the refrigerator 30A operated in the predetermined mode, but preferably 2.0 times. More preferably, it is 3.0 times or more. They can cover from 9 am to 4 pm and from 8 am to 5 pm. Moreover, it is 20 times or less normally, Preferably it is 15 times or less, More preferably, it is 10 times or less.
- the maximum output q per unit weight of the solar cell panel 40 is 5 [W / kg] or more. Long-time driving is possible without affecting the running performance of the truck. In this embodiment, it is 17.7 [W / kg].
- the power generation efficiency of the solar cell is limited, and is usually 100 [W / kg] or less, preferably 70 [W / kg] or less, more preferably 50 [W / kg] or less. Since the efficiency is equivalent to 6.7 W / kg at 4%, the equivalent to 10 W / kg at 6%, and the equivalent to 16.7 W / kg at 10%, it is set as described above. In this example, there are 40 unit panels of the solar cell 40, the maximum output per sheet is 23.6 [Wp], and the total output is 944 [Wp].
- the ratio of the capacity (Wh) of the storage battery to the maximum output (Wp: watt peak) of the solar battery panel is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 5 (Wh / Wp). More preferably, it is 0.5 (Wh / Wp) or more, More preferably, it is 1 (Wh / Wp) or more, More preferably, it is 4 (Wh / Wp) or less, More preferably, it is 3 (Wh / Wp) or less.
- the storage battery can drive the refrigerator 30A for about 5 hours.
- the area Sp of the solar cell panel is about 4 times as large as the operator's cab top view area Sd, but is preferably 1 to 7 times or less. More preferably, it is 1.5 times or more. Moreover, 5 times or less is more preferable. Accordingly, the weight of the solar battery panel 40 is suppressed and the running stability of the truck is not affected while the refrigerator 30A can be driven. In addition, the maximum load capacity of the truck is not greatly impaired, and the fuel consumption of the truck is hardly deteriorated.
- the method described in the first embodiment can be applied as appropriate to the method for attaching the solar cell panel 40 to the loading platform in the second embodiment.
- the solar cell panel 40 shown in FIG. 5 can be applied to the solar cell panel 40.
- FIG. 29 is an explanatory diagram of a control device 60 and peripheral devices according to the second embodiment.
- the refrigerator 30 ⁇ / b> A is connected to the control device 60, and the refrigerator 30 ⁇ / b> A is driven by the electric power supplied by the control of the charge / discharge controller 65 included in the control device 60. It is a point that has been made.
- the control device 60 for air conditioning shown in the first embodiment can be applied as a control device for the refrigerator 30A, and the peripheral devices 71 to 79 and 81 to 84 of the control device 60 are It can be applied to power supply control for the refrigerator 30A.
- Components other than the refrigerator 30A shown in FIG. 29 are the same as those in the first embodiment.
- the temperature sensor 75 is used as a sensor that detects the internal temperature in the freezer 122.
- the selection unit 64 selects a supply destination of the generated power of the solar cell panel 40 based on the values detected by the charge detection unit 62 and the generated power detection unit 63. Any one of the refrigerator 30A, the battery 50, and the external (external power source) 80 can be selected as a supply destination.
- the memory 167 includes various controls such as control of the refrigerator 30A by the control device 160, charge control for the storage battery 50 (control of the charge / discharge controller 165), and control of connection / disconnection between the load and the power source via the charge / discharge controller 165. It stores various data for performing proper control.
- the mode determination unit 68 selects an operation mode that can be operated with the generated power of the solar cell panel 40 based on the required power in each of the plurality of operation modes prepared in the refrigerator 30A and the generated power of the solar cell panel 40. decide.
- the mode determination unit 68 of the second embodiment reads the output of the outside air temperature sensor 74 and the output of the temperature sensor 175 input via the input port 61 in order to determine the operation mode, and the inside temperature and the outside air temperature of the freezer 122 It also functions as an internal temperature detection unit and an outside air temperature detection unit for detecting the temperature.
- the mode determination unit 68 is an on / off detection unit that detects whether the engine of the vehicle is on or off with reference to a signal from the ignition SW 79 input via the input port 61 in order to determine the operation mode. Also works.
- FIG. 30 is a view showing a mode determination table in which the internal temperature and the set temperature are associated with the determined mode
- FIG. 31 is a mode determination table based on the internal temperature and the set temperature using the mode determination table. It is explanatory drawing of the example to do.
- a mode determination table in which these conditions are defined as shown in FIG. 30 is stored in the storage area of the mode determination unit 68 or the memory 67. Then, the mode determination unit 68 refers to the mode determination table and determines a mode corresponding to the read internal temperature and set temperature.
- the internal temperature Tin is 10 ° C
- the strong refrigeration mode case 1
- the set temperature Tset exceeds 5 ° C and 8 ° C or less
- the freezing weak mode Case 2
- refrigeration weak mode case 3
- set temperature Tset exceeds 8 ° C and less than 10 ° C
- pause mode case 4
- setting if set temperature Tset exceeds 10 ° C and less than 12 ° C If the temperature Tset exceeds 12 ° C. and not more than 15 ° C., the sleep mode (case 5) is determined, and if the set temperature Tset exceeds 15 ° C., the sleep mode (case 6) is determined.
- FIG. 31 is an example, and the mode determination method is not limited to this.
- the refrigeration weak mode that requires less power than the refrigeration weak mode may be selected instead of the stop mode.
- the temperature of the refrigerant compressed by the compressor is sent to the heat exchange unit 31A to raise the temperature in the warehouse, or the temperature raising mode in which the temperature is raised by introducing outside air is selected. good.
- the mode determination unit 68 refers to the mode determination table shown in FIG. 32, and determines whether the ignition SW 79 is ON / OFF, the amount of generated power or the amount of solar radiation is greater than the required power, whether there is surplus power, or whether the remaining battery level is greater than the threshold.
- the mode may be determined based on the above conditions. The mode determined based on each condition will be described below according to the control flow.
- FIG. 33 is an overall flow diagram showing an example of automatic control of power supplied to the refrigerator 30A
- FIG. 34 is a flowchart of the strong refrigeration mode when the ignition is OFF
- FIG. 35 is the low refrigeration mode when the ignition is OFF
- FIG. 36 is a flowchart of the refrigeration strong mode when the ignition is ON
- FIG. 37 is a flowchart of the refrigeration weak mode when the ignition is ON.
- steps S1 to S7 are started by, for example, turning on the power to the control device 60 or inputting an activation instruction from the input device 84.
- the processing of steps S1 to S7 is the same as the processing of steps S1 to S7 of FIG. 12 described in the first embodiment. Therefore, the description of steps S1 to S5 is omitted.
- step S6 the control device 60 performs an ignition check and determines whether or not the ignition SW 79 is off (step S7). At this time, if the ignition SW 79 is on, the control device 60 determines that the truck vehicle engine is on and advances the process to step S210.
- step S208 the process proceeds to the PV / battery mode performed in step S208.
- step S208 the control device 60 reads the temperature in the freezer detected by the freezer temperature sensor 75, that is, the freezer temperature Tin.
- the control device 60 advances the process to step S212 in FIG. 34 to execute the strong refrigeration mode (FIG. 34).
- the control device 60 advances the process to step S231 in FIG. 35 to execute the refrigeration weak mode (FIG. 35).
- step S212 of FIG. 34 the mode determination unit 68 of the control device 60 checks whether the internal temperature Tin is equal to or higher than the set temperature Tset. Here, if the internal temperature Tin is less than the set temperature Tset, there is no need for cooling, so the suspension mode is selected, the operation of the refrigerator 30A is temporarily suspended (step S221), and the charging mode of the battery 50 is executed. (Step S222), the process returns to Step S6.
- the battery charging process is the same as that in the first embodiment (FIG. 20).
- the power generation detection unit 163 of the control device 60 checks the amount of solar radiation or the power generation of the solar cell (step S213). For example, the power generation detection unit 63 calculates the amount of solar radiation obtained from the output of the solar radiation amount sensor 73 or the power generation of the solar panel 40 corresponding to the amount of solar radiation. Further, the power generation detection unit 63 can read the output of the PV power generation monitor 82 and use it as the power generation of the solar cell panel 40. However, the control device 60 can determine the amount of solar radiation or the generated power as needed or periodically and store it in a predetermined storage area in parallel with the processing of the flowchart. In this case, in step S213, the generated power detection unit 63 can also read the solar radiation amount or the generated power stored in the storage area.
- the selection unit 64 of the control device 60 determines whether or not the amount of solar radiation or the generated power is equal to or greater than a threshold value W3 stored in the storage area in advance (step S214).
- the threshold value W3 is a threshold value for determining whether or not the operation in the strong refrigeration mode is possible only with the electric power from the solar battery panel 40. At this time, if the amount of solar radiation or the generated electric power is greater than or equal to the threshold value W3, the control device 60 advances the process to step S215. On the other hand, if the amount of solar radiation or the generated power is less than the threshold value W3, the control device 60 advances the process to step S218.
- step S215 the selection unit 64 of the control device 60 determines whether the amount of solar radiation or the generated power generates surplus power to be charged in the storage battery (battery) 50. At this time, if there is surplus power, the selection unit 64 proceeds with the process to step S216 (case A). If there is no surplus power, the selection unit 64 proceeds with the process to step S217 (Case B).
- step S216 the selection unit 64 of the control device 60 instructs the charge / discharge controller 65 to charge the battery in order to execute the charging mode, that is, the refrigerator 30A and the supply destination of the generated power of the solar cell panel 40 and The battery 50 is selected.
- the charge / discharge controller 65 performs battery charging processing in accordance with an instruction from the selection unit 64.
- the control device 60 executes the operation of the refrigerator 30A in the refrigeration strong mode in which the output of the refrigerator 30A is operated with “strong” (step S217). That is, the control device 60 instructs a “strong” operation to a controller (not shown) provided in the refrigerator 30A.
- the controller of the refrigerator 30 ⁇ / b> A operates according to an instruction from the control device 60 at an output (wind temperature and air volume) corresponding to the “strong” mode.
- step S217 the process returns to step S4.
- the output control of the refrigerator in this embodiment is the same as the control of a normal refrigerator.
- air having a temperature lower than the set temperature is supplied, but the temperature of the air is decreased in proportion to the difference between the freezer temperature and the set temperature, and the air volume is proportional to the difference between the freezer temperature and the set temperature. It is set as the size. Therefore, in the refrigeration high mode in which the difference between the freezer temperature and the installation temperature is larger than a preset value (Tc), the output is strong, and cooler air is supplied with a larger air volume.
- Tc preset value
- the refrigeration weak mode is entered, the output becomes weak, the temperature of the supplied air rises slightly, and the air volume decreases.
- the refrigerator 30A uses only the electric power from the solar panel 40 and Drive in strong mode. At this time, if there is surplus power in the power generated by the solar cell panel 40, the surplus power is charged in the battery 50.
- the power generated by the solar panel 40 is charged in the battery 50, it is used to drive an electrical component such as the refrigerator 30A in the battery / PV assist mode, so that the power generated by the PV panel 40 is not exhausted. It can be used and contributes to the suppression of vehicle fuel consumption and CO 2 .
- step S213 If it is determined in step S213 that the amount of solar radiation is less than the threshold value W3, the process proceeds to step S218.
- step S218, the charge detection unit 62 of the control device 60 checks the battery state and determines whether or not the remaining battery level is equal to or greater than the threshold value Wh3 (step S219).
- the threshold value Wh3 is a determination threshold value of the remaining battery level that allows the operation in the high refrigeration mode using the battery 50 as an auxiliary power source of the solar cell panel 40 for a certain time. If the remaining battery level is greater than or equal to threshold value Wh3, the process proceeds to step S220 (case C), and if not, the process proceeds to step S231 in FIG. 35 (case D).
- step S220 the control device 60 supplements (assists) the shortage of the power generation amount of the solar cell panel 40 with the power from the battery 50 in the battery / PV assist mode. Is instructed to supply power to the refrigerator 30A, and the process proceeds to step S217.
- the refrigerator 30A is operated in the refrigeration high mode using the power from the solar panel 40 and the battery 50. .
- step S244 the control device 60 proceeds to step S244 to execute the charging mode. If the temperature difference Td1 is equal to or greater than the threshold value Ta, the control device 60 performs the process. Advances to step S233.
- step S233 the mode determination unit 68 of the control device 60 checks whether the internal temperature Tin is equal to or higher than the set temperature Tset. Here, if the internal temperature Tin is lower than the set temperature Tset, there is no need for cooling, so the suspension mode is selected, the operation of the refrigerator 30A is temporarily suspended (step S242), and the charging mode of the battery 50 is executed. (Step S243), the process returns to Step S6.
- the selection unit 64 of the control device 60 reads the solar radiation amount or the power generation of the solar cell as in step S213 (step S234).
- the selection unit 64 determines whether or not the amount of solar radiation or the generated power is equal to or greater than a threshold value W2 (provided that W3> W2) set in the storage area in advance (step S235).
- the threshold value W2 is a threshold value for determining whether or not the operation in the refrigeration weak mode is possible only with the electric power from the solar cell panel 40. At this time, if the amount of solar radiation is greater than or equal to the threshold value W2, the process proceeds to step S236, and if not, the process proceeds to step S239.
- step S236 the selection unit 64 determines whether or not the generated power of the solar cell panel (PV) 40 obtained from the amount of solar radiation generates surplus power to be charged in the storage battery (battery) 50.
- the selection part 64 of the control apparatus 60 advances a process to step S37, in order to perform charge mode (case A). If surplus power does not occur, the selection unit 64 proceeds to step S238 without executing the charging mode (case B).
- step S237 a battery charging process similar to that in step S216 is executed based on the determination result that surplus power is generated. That is, the selection unit 64 of the control device 60 instructs the charge / discharge controller 65 to charge the battery, and the charge / discharge controller 65 performs the battery charge (see FIG. 20).
- the control device 60 executes the operation of the refrigerator 30A in the refrigeration weak mode in which the output of the refrigerator 30A is operated with “weak” (step S238). That is, the control device 60 instructs a controller (not shown) provided in the refrigerator 30A to operate at “weak”. The controller of the refrigerator 30A operates the refrigerator 30A with an output corresponding to the “weak” mode according to the instruction. After step S238, the process returns to step S4.
- the refrigerator 30A is provided with the solar cell panel 40. It operates in the refrigeration weak mode only using the electric power from. At this time, if there is surplus power in the power generated by the solar cell panel 40, the surplus power is charged in the battery 50.
- step S235 If it is determined in step S235 that the amount of solar radiation is less than the threshold value W2, the process proceeds to step S239, and the charge detection unit 62 of the control device 60 checks the battery state.
- the charge detection unit 62 of the control device 60 determines whether or not the remaining battery level is equal to or greater than the threshold value Wh2 (step S240).
- the threshold value Wh2 is a threshold value for determining the remaining battery level that allows the operation in the refrigeration weak mode for a certain period of time using the battery as an auxiliary power source of the solar cell (Wh3> Wh2).
- the selection unit 64 of the control device 60 proceeds to step S241 if the remaining battery level is equal to or greater than the threshold value Wh2 (case C), and proceeds to step S244 otherwise (case D).
- step S241 the selection unit 64 of the control device 60 supplements (assists) the shortage of the power generation amount of the solar cell with the power from the battery, and performs the power generation of the solar cell panel 40 to perform the operation in the battery / PV assist mode.
- the charge / discharge controller 65 is instructed to supply the power and the power from the battery 50 to the refrigerator 30A, and the process proceeds to step S238.
- the refrigerator 30A is operated in the refrigeration weak mode using power from the solar panel 40 and the battery 50. .
- step S244 the selection unit 64 of the control device 60 instructs the charge / discharge controller 65 to charge the battery in order to execute the charging mode.
- the charge / discharge controller 65 executes the battery charging process according to the instruction from the selection unit 64. If charging is in progress, the process returns to step S4, and if the battery has reached full charge, the process ends.
- the next activation time may be set in the timer 78 or the like to restart, or the user may instruct activation again.
- the input of the set temperature and the closed day (steps S2 and S3) may be skipped and the business day may be read (step S4).
- the operation of the refrigerator 30A is not performed, and only the charging mode for the battery 50 is performed.
- step S251 the mode determination unit 68 of the control device 60 checks whether the internal temperature Tin is equal to or higher than the set temperature Tset. Here, if the internal temperature Tin is less than the set temperature Tset, there is no need for cooling, so the suspension mode is selected, the operation of the refrigerator 30A is temporarily suspended (step S264), and the charging mode of the battery 50 is executed. (Step S265), the process returns to step S6.
- the power generation detection unit 163 of the control device 60 checks the amount of solar radiation or the power generation of the solar cell (step S52). For example, the power generation detection unit 63 calculates the amount of solar radiation obtained from the output of the solar radiation amount sensor 73 or the power generation of the solar cell 40 corresponding to the amount of solar radiation. In addition, the power generation detection unit 63 can read the output of the PV power generation monitor 82 and use it as the power generation of the solar cell 40. However, the control device 60 can determine the amount of solar radiation or the generated power as needed or periodically and store it in a predetermined storage area in parallel with the processing of the flowchart. In this case, in step S252, the generated power detection unit 63 can also read the solar radiation amount or the generated power stored in the storage area.
- the selection unit 64 of the control device 60 determines whether or not the amount of solar radiation or the generated power is equal to or greater than a threshold value W3 stored in the storage area in advance (step S253).
- the threshold value W3 is a threshold value for determining whether or not the operation in the strong refrigeration mode is possible only with the electric power from the solar battery. At this time, if the amount of solar radiation or the generated electric power is greater than or equal to the threshold value W3, the control device 60 advances the process to step S254. On the other hand, if the amount of solar radiation or the generated electric power is less than the threshold value W3, the control device 60 advances the process to step S257.
- step S254 the selection unit 64 of the control device 60 determines whether the amount of solar radiation or the generated power generates surplus power to be charged in the storage battery (battery) 50. At this time, if there is surplus power, the selection unit 64 advances the process to step S255 to execute the charging mode (case E). If there is no surplus power, the selection unit 64 proceeds to step S256 without executing the charging mode (case F).
- step S255 the selection unit 64 of the control device 60 instructs the charge / discharge controller 65 to charge the battery in order to execute the charge mode, that is, the refrigerator 30A and the supply destination of the generated power of the solar cell panel 40 and The battery 50 is selected.
- the charge / discharge controller 65 executes a battery charging process in accordance with an instruction from the selection unit 64 (see FIG. 20).
- step S256 the control device 60 executes the operation of the refrigerator 30A in the refrigeration strong mode in which the output of the refrigerator 30A is operated at “strong” (step S256). That is, the control device 60 instructs a “strong” operation to a controller (not shown) provided in the refrigerator 30A.
- the controller of the refrigerator 30 ⁇ / b> A operates according to an instruction from the control device 60 with an output corresponding to the “strong” mode.
- step S256 the process returns to step S6.
- the refrigerator 30A uses only the electric power from the solar cell panel 40, Drive in strong mode. At this time, if there is surplus power in the generated power of the solar cell, the surplus power is charged in the battery 50.
- step S257 the charge detection unit 62 of the control device 60 checks the battery state and determines whether or not the remaining battery level is equal to or greater than the threshold value Wh3 (step S258).
- the threshold value Wh3 is a determination threshold value of the remaining battery level that allows the operation in the high refrigeration mode using the battery 50 as an auxiliary power source of the solar cell panel 40 for a certain time. If the remaining battery level is greater than or equal to threshold value Wh3, the process proceeds to step S259 (case G), and if not, the process proceeds to step S261.
- step S259 the control device 60 supplements (assists) the shortage of the power generation amount of the solar cell panel 40 with the power from the battery 50 in the battery / PV assist mode. Is instructed to supply power to the refrigerator 30A, and the process proceeds to step S256.
- the refrigerator 30A is operated in the refrigeration high mode using the power from the solar panel 40 and the battery 50. .
- step S258 when it is determined in step S258 that the remaining battery level is less than the threshold value Wh3 and the process proceeds to step S240, the control device 60 compensates for the shortage of the power generation amount of the solar panel 40 with the power from the alternator 37 (assist In order to perform in the alternator / PV assist mode, the charge / discharge controller 65 is instructed to supply the generated power of the solar battery panel 40 and the power from the alternator 37 to the refrigerator 30A (step S261).
- the selection unit 64 of the control device 60 determines whether or not the amount of solar radiation or generated power generates surplus power to be charged in the storage battery (battery) 50 (step S262). At this time, if there is surplus power, the selection unit 64 proceeds to step S263 to execute the charging mode (case H). If there is no surplus power, the selection unit 64 performs processing without executing the charging mode. Advances to step S256 (Case I).
- step S263 the selection unit 64 of the control device 60 instructs the charge / discharge controller 65 to charge the battery in order to execute the charging mode, that is, the refrigerator 30A and the supply destination of the generated power of the solar cell panel 40 and The battery 50 is selected.
- the charge / discharge controller 65 executes the battery charging process (FIG. 20) according to the instruction from the selection unit 64.
- the refrigerator 30A is operated in the strong refrigeration mode using the power from the solar cell panel 40 and the alternator 37.
- control device 60 advances the process to step S273 so as to operate the refrigerator 30A in the refrigeration weak mode in which the operation mode of air conditioning is “weak”.
- control device 60 advances the process to step S244 (FIG. 35) to execute the charging mode.
- step S273 the mode determination unit 68 of the control device 60 checks whether the internal temperature Tin is equal to or higher than the set temperature Tset. Here, if the internal temperature Tin is lower than the set temperature Tset, there is no need for cooling, so the suspension mode is selected, the operation of the refrigerator 30A is temporarily suspended (step S286), and the charging mode of the battery 50 is executed. (Step S287), the process returns to step S6.
- the selection unit 64 of the control device 60 reads the solar radiation amount or the generated power of the solar cell in the same manner as in step S252 (step S274).
- the selection unit 64 determines whether or not the amount of solar radiation or the generated power is equal to or greater than a threshold value W2 (W3> W2) set in the storage area in advance (step S275).
- the threshold value W2 is a threshold value for determining whether or not the operation in the refrigeration weak mode is possible only with the electric power from the solar battery. At this time, if the amount of solar radiation is greater than or equal to the threshold value W2, the process proceeds to step S276, and if not, the process proceeds to step S279.
- step S276 the selection unit 64 determines whether or not the generated power of the solar cell panel (PV) 40 obtained from the amount of solar radiation generates surplus power to be charged in the storage battery (battery) 50.
- the selection unit 64 of the control device 60 proceeds to step S277 to execute the charging mode (case E).
- the selection unit 64 is The process proceeds to step S278 without executing (Case F).
- step S277 a battery charging process similar to that in step S216 is executed based on the determination result that surplus power is generated. That is, the selection unit 64 of the control device 60 instructs the charge / discharge controller 65 to charge the battery, and the charge / discharge controller 65 performs the battery charging process (FIG. 20).
- the control device 60 executes the operation of the refrigerator 30A in the refrigeration weak mode in which the output of the refrigerator 30A is operated with “weak” (step S278). That is, the control device 60 instructs a controller (not shown) provided in the refrigerator 30A to operate at “weak”. The controller of the refrigerator 30A operates the refrigerator 30A with an output corresponding to the “weak” mode according to the instruction. After step S278, the process returns to step S6.
- the refrigerator 30A As described above, if the temperature difference Td1 between the freezer temperature Tin and the set temperature Tset is less than the threshold value Tc and greater than or equal to the threshold value Ta, and if the amount of solar radiation or generated power is greater than or equal to the threshold value W2, the refrigerator 30A The operation is performed in the refrigeration weak mode using only the electric power from the battery panel 40. At this time, if there is surplus power in the power generated by the solar cell panel 40, the surplus power is charged in the battery 50.
- step S275 If it is determined in step S275 that the amount of solar radiation or generated power is less than the threshold value W2, the process proceeds to step S279, and the charge detection unit 62 of the control device 60 checks the battery state.
- the charge detection unit 62 of the control device 60 determines whether or not the remaining battery level is greater than or equal to the threshold value Wh2 (step S281).
- the threshold value Wh2 is a threshold value for determining the remaining battery level that allows the operation in the refrigeration weak mode for a certain period of time using the battery as an auxiliary power source of the solar cell (Wh3> Wh2).
- the selection unit 64 of the control device 60 proceeds to step S282 if the remaining battery level is equal to or greater than the threshold value Wh2 (case G), and proceeds to step S283 otherwise.
- step S ⁇ b> 282 the selection unit 64 of the control device 60 generates power of the solar cell panel 40 in order to perform the operation in the battery / PV assist mode to supplement (assist) the shortage of the power generation amount of the solar cell with the power from the battery.
- the charge / discharge controller 65 is instructed to supply the electric power and the electric power from the battery 50 to the refrigerator 30A, and the process proceeds to step S278.
- the refrigerator 30A is operated in the refrigeration weak mode using power from the solar panel 40 and the battery 50. .
- step S281 when it is determined in step S281 that the remaining battery level is less than the threshold value Wh2, and the process proceeds to step S283, the control device 60 compensates for the shortage of the power generation amount of the solar panel 40 with the power from the alternator 37 (assist Instruct the charge / discharge controller 65 to supply the generated power of the solar battery panel 40 and the power from the alternator 37 to the refrigerator 30A in order to perform in the alternator / PV assist mode.
- the selection unit 64 of the control device 60 determines whether or not the amount of solar radiation or generated power generates surplus power to be charged in the storage battery (battery) 50 (step S84). At this time, if there is surplus power, the selection unit 64 advances the process to step S285 to execute the charging mode (case H). If there is no surplus power, the selection unit 64 proceeds to step S278 without executing the charging mode (case I).
- step S285 the selection unit 64 of the control device 60 instructs the charge / discharge controller 65 to charge the battery in order to execute the charge mode, that is, the refrigerator 30A and the supply destination of the generated power of the solar cell panel 40 and The battery 50 is selected.
- the charge / discharge controller 65 executes the battery charging process (FIG. 20) according to the instruction from the selection unit 64.
- the refrigerator 30A is operated in the refrigeration weak mode using the electric power from the solar cell panel 40 and the alternator 37.
- the method (flow) and conditions for determining the operation mode of the refrigerator 30A are different depending on whether the engine is on or off.
- different operation modes can be determined depending on whether the engine is on or off. For example, when the temperature difference Td1 is equal to or greater than the threshold value Tc and the engine is on, the refrigerator 30A is operated in the strong refrigeration mode, but when the engine is off, the refrigeration according to the total power of the PV 40 and the battery 50 is performed. The mode will be implemented.
- the refrigeration mode corresponding to the total power is selected and executed even when the power required from the PV 40 or the like does not satisfy the required power of the refrigerator, the temperature in the freezer is also at the time of idling stop. Can be maintained more appropriately.
- ⁇ Battery charging process> Note that the subroutine for the battery charging process (S215, S225, S234, S239, etc.) described above is the same as that in the first embodiment (FIG. 20), and thus the description thereof is omitted.
- the battery charging process is not limited to the process shown in FIG. 20, and an existing battery charging process can be performed.
- ⁇ Refrigerator control based on operation schedule> In the flowchart according to FIG. 33 described above, a closed day is set, and it is determined whether the current day is a closed day or a business day. If the current day is a business day, the subsequent processing is executed. Instead of such a configuration, processing according to the following operation schedule may be performed.
- an operation schedule input screen is displayed on the display device 83 by the display control unit 66.
- a calendar indicating a certain period is displayed on the operation schedule input screen.
- the calendar indicates the days included in the period, and the seventh day (Sun-Sat).
- the input screen is provided with a check box for closed days corresponding to each day and an input field for business hours.
- the user can turn on the closed day flag as described above by checking the check box corresponding to each day of the calendar using the input device 83.
- the business day is the day when the holiday flag is off.
- the user can use the input device 84 to input the business hours in the business hours input field on business days.
- a calendar for inputting a one-week operation schedule from a predetermined day for example, Friday
- a predetermined day for example, Friday
- the user can input an operation schedule from the next Saturday to the following Friday on Friday.
- it is closed on Saturdays and Sundays (check the check box for closed days), Monday through Thursday from 6 am to 4 pm, and Friday from 10 am to 8 pm It can be set as (operation time).
- the remaining amount of the battery 50 is checked, and if the remaining amount is smaller than a predetermined amount, the battery charging process can be performed.
- the predetermined amount for example, any one of the threshold values Wh3, Wh2, and Wh1 may be used, or another predetermined amount may be used. Alternatively, full charging may be performed.
- the output destination of the power of the PV 40 is switched from the battery 50 to the external terminal (interface unit 81), and power is supplied to the external load connected to the interface unit 81.
- the power may be supplied, that is, the power may be sold.
- Such switching processing may be automatic processing using the control device 60 or manual processing.
- operation starts at 6am.
- the control device 60 starts the processing after step S6. be able to.
- the chiller operation mainly uses electric power from the battery 50. .
- the remaining battery level at the start time of the refrigerator operation is desirably a fully charged state, and the remaining amount is equal to or greater than a predetermined value at which the refrigerator operation can be performed only with the battery 50 at least from the start time of the refrigerator operation to the start time of operation Is preferably ensured.
- the remaining battery level for example, the threshold value Wh1: Wh1 ⁇ Wh2 ⁇ Wh3
- the remaining battery level is set higher and the remaining battery level is maintained at a predetermined value or more.
- control such as charging the battery 50 by connecting to the system (external power source 80) after the end of business hours (operation time) is also conceivable.
- the freezer 122 of the truck vehicle 1A can be kept in a desired state.
- the refrigerator operation start time can be appropriately set using, for example, an input screen. Therefore, further comfort and energy control can be achieved by increasing or decreasing the refrigerator operation start time according to the operation start time.
- 8:00 pm is the service end time. For this reason, depending on the season and the amount of solar radiation in the traveling or stopping environment of the vehicle 1A, the battery 50 is the main driving after sunset.
- step S1 of FIG. 33 When the auto mode is selected in step S1 of FIG. 33 described above, the set temperature input (S2) and the closed day input (S3) are performed as appropriate, the business day (S4, S5), and the ignition SW 79 is ON. If there is (S6, S7), it is determined whether or not the temperature difference Td1 between the internal temperature Tin and the set temperature Tset is greater than or equal to the threshold Tc (S211). When the temperature difference Td1 is equal to or greater than the threshold value Tc, in the alternator PV assist mode, the refrigeration high mode shown in FIG. 38 is executed.
- steps S257 to S259 are omitted in comparison with the flow in FIG. That is, if the solar radiation amount or the generated power of the solar cell panel 40 is less than the threshold value (required power) W3 in step S253, the mode determination unit 68 selects the alternator PV assist mode (S240). Subsequent processing is the same as that in FIG.
- step S275 the determination (step S275) whether the solar radiation amount or the power generation amount of the PV panel 40 is equal to or greater than the threshold value (required power) W2.
- the battery assist steps S279 to S282 in FIG. 37 are omitted. That is, if the amount of solar radiation or generated power is less than the threshold value (required power) W2 in step S275, the mode determining unit 68 selects the alternator PV assist mode (S83). Subsequent processing is the same as that shown in FIG.
- step S291 to S293 power purchase mode processing (steps S291 to S293) is added as compared to the flow of FIG. 34 described above. That is, in FIG. 40, when it is determined in step S219 that the remaining battery level is less than the predetermined power amount Wh3, the control device 60 determines whether or not the external power source 80 is connected to the interface 81 (step S219). S291). If the external power supply 80 is connected to the interface 81, the mode determination unit 68 selects the power purchase mode, and executes the assist of the PV panel 40 with the power from the external power supply 80 (step S292).
- step S293 the battery charging process (step S293) is executed using the power from the external power source 80, and the process proceeds to step S217 to execute the refrigeration strong mode.
- the other processes are the same as those in FIG.
- step S291 the process proceeds to step S231 in FIG. 41 to try the refrigeration weak mode.
- step S294 to S296 when it is determined in step S240 that the remaining battery level is less than the predetermined power amount Wh2, the control device 60 determines whether or not the external power source 80 is connected to the interface 81 (step S294). ). If the external power supply 80 is connected, the mode determination unit 68 selects the power purchase mode, and executes the assist of the PV panel 40 with the power from the external power supply 80 (step S295).
- step S296 the battery charging process (step S296) is executed using the power from the external power source 80, and the process proceeds to step S238 to execute the refrigeration weak mode.
- step S244 the battery charging process (step S244) is performed using the generated power of the solar cell panel 40.
- step S244 When it is determined in step S5 of FIG. 33 that it is not a business day, or when the temperature difference Td1 between the freezer temperature Tin and the set temperature Tset is less than the threshold Ta in step S272 of FIG. A battery charging process (step S244) is performed using the power generated by the battery panel 40. Subsequently, the mode determination unit 68 of the control device 60 determines whether or not the external power supply 80 is connected to the interface 81 (step S297). If the external power supply 80 is connected, the power sale mode is selected. . When the power sale mode is selected, the selection unit 64 notifies the charge / discharge controller 65 to supply the generated power of the solar cell panel 40 to the external power source 80, and the generated power of the solar cell panel 40 via the interface 81. Is supplied to the external power source 80.
- the refrigerator 30A By connecting the external power supply 80 in this way, the refrigerator 30A can be operated and the battery 50 can be charged even in bad weather or at night. Further, surplus power can be sold to an electric power company or the like by supplying the power generated by the solar cell panel 40 to the external power source 80.
- the example which sells surplus electric power was shown in the above-mentioned electric power selling mode, it is good not only as this but the structure which supplies the electric power of the solar cell panel 40 to the electric equipment outside the vehicle 1A.
- an interface of another vehicle or an external storage battery may be connected to the interface 81 to supply power to the other vehicle or charge the external storage battery with surplus power.
- an external electric facility (external load) can be driven by the electric power from the solar cell panel 40.
- the system controller (control device) 60 according to the second embodiment can have a function of executing the snow cover prevention mode described in the first embodiment. Since the snow cover prevention mode is the same as that of the first embodiment, the description thereof is omitted.
- only the air curtain device 139 may be operated without moving the compressor of the refrigerator 30A.
- the air curtain 139 may be operated when the engine is stopped to suppress the fluctuation of the internal temperature.
- Control device (system controller) 61 ... Input port 62 ... Charge detection unit 63 ... Generated power detection unit 64 ... Selection unit 65 ... Charge / discharge controller 66 ... Display control unit 66 67 ... Memory 68 ... Mode determination unit 71 ... Battery temperature sensor 72 ... Battery monitor 73 ... Solar radiation sensor 74 ... Outside air temperature sensor 75 ... Temperature sensor 76 in the cab Humidity sensor 77 ... Weather monitor 78 ... Timer 79 ... Ignition switch 80 ... External power supply 81 ... Alternator power generation monitor 82 ... Solar cell (PV) power generation monitor 83 ⁇ Display device 84 ... Input device 91 ... Backflow prevention diode 92,93 ... Switch 94 ...
- Bypass diode 131 ... Electric air conditioner 242,243 ... Sealing material layer 244 ... Surface protective layer 245 ... Back surface protective layer 401 ... Unit panel 420 ... Electric cable 1A ... Vehicle 111 ... Engine room 120 ... Loading platform 122 ... Freezer 30A ... Refrigerator 31A ... Heat exchange unit 132 Compressor 133 Electric motor
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Abstract
Description
また、本発明は、荷台に設けられた太陽電池パネルで発電される電気エネルギーにより、冷凍機等の車載装置を駆動させる太陽電池パネルを搭載した車輌及びその制御装置に関する。
前記太陽電池パネルの発電電力、又は日射量を求める検出手段と、
前記空調装置に用意された複数の運転モードの夫々における要求電力と、前記太陽電池パネルの発電電力、又は日射量とに基づいて、前記太陽電池パネルの発電電力で運転可能な前記空調装置の運転モードを決定する決定手段とを含むトラック車輌用の空調制御装置である。
前記温度差が第1の閾値未満であって且つ前記室温と前記設定温度との温度差が前記第1の閾値より小さい第2の閾値以上の場合には前記複数の空調装置の運転モードの他の一つである前記第1の空調モードよりも要求電力の低い第2の空調モードでの運転を試みるように構成することができる。
前記運転車輌に連結され積載物収容部を覆う荷台ボディを有する荷台と、
前記荷台ボディに設けられた太陽電池パネルと、
前記太陽電池パネルの発電電力、又は日射量を求める検出手段,及び前記空調装置に用意された複数の運転モードの夫々における要求電力と、前記太陽電池パネルの発電電力、又は日射量とに基づいて、前記太陽電池パネルの発電電力で運転可能な前記空調装置の運転モードを決定する決定手段とを少なくとも含む空調制御装置と、
を備えるトラック車輌である。
前記太陽電池パネルの発電電力又は日射量を求める検出部と、
前記冷却部に用意された複数の運転モードの夫々における要求電力と、前記太陽電池パネルの発電電力又は日射量とに基づいて、前記太陽電池パネルの発電電力で運転可能な前記冷却部の運転モードを決定する決定部とを含む。
前記決定部は、前記トラック車輌のエンジンのオン時とオフ時とで異なる運転モードを決定しうる。
前記庫内温度の目標値として設定された設定温度を記憶する記憶部とをさらに備え、
前記決定部は、前記複数の運転モードの夫々における要求電力と、前記太陽電池パネルの発電電力又は日射量、前記庫内温度及び前記設定温度に基づいて、前記太陽電池パネルからの電力で運転可能な前記運転モードを決定することができる。
前記温度差が第1の閾値未満であって且つ前記温度差が前記第1の閾値より小さい第2の閾値以上の場合には前記複数の運転モードの他の一つである前記第1の冷却モードよりも要求電力の低い第2の冷却モードでの運転を試みるように構成されていても良い。
前記決定部は、前記太陽電池パネルの発電電力が前記複数の運転モードの一つである第1の冷却モードの要求電力に満たない場合に、前記蓄電池の放電電力と前記太陽電池パネルの発電電力とを合わせて前記要求電力を満たすことができれば前記第1の冷却モードを前記太陽電池パネルの発電電力及び前記蓄電池の放電電力で運転することを決定し、前記蓄電池の放電電力を前記太陽電池パネルの発電電力と合わせても前記要求電力を満たすことができない場合には、前記第1の冷却モードより要求電力の低い第2の冷却モードを前記太陽電池パネルの発電電力で運転できるか否かを判定するように構成されていても良い。
前記決定部は、前記太陽電池パネルの発電電力が前記複数の運転モードの一つの要求電力に満たない場合に、前記複数の運転モードの一つを前記太陽電池パネル及び前記オルタネータの発電電力で運転することを決定するように構成されていても良い。
前記決定部は、前記オルタネータの発電電力に余剰電力が含まれる場合には、前記余剰電力を前記蓄電池に充電することを決定するように構成されていても良い。
前記冷却貯蔵庫内を冷却する冷却部と、
前記冷却部に電力を供給する太陽電池パネルと、
前記太陽電池パネルの発電電力又は日射量を求める検出部、及び前記冷却部に用意された複数の運転モードの夫々における要求電力と、前記太陽電池パネルの発電電力とに基づいて、前記太陽電池パネルの発電電力で運転可能な前記冷却部の運転モードを決定する決定部とを少なくとも含む制御装置と、を備える。
また、本願の第2の発明によれば、太陽電池パネルによる発電電力の供給先を適切に選択することにより、太陽電池パネルによる発電電力を効率良く利用することができる。
第1実施形態として、本願の第1の発明に係る実施形態について説明する。本発明に係るトラック車輌用の空調制御装置は、例えば、以下のようなトラック車輌に適用することができる。すなわち、運転室内の室温を調整する空調装置を備えた運転車輌と、運転車輌に連結され積載物収容部を覆う荷台ボディを有する荷台とを備え、該荷台ボディに前記空調装置に電気エネルギーを供給する太陽電池パネルが設けられたトラック車輌において、次の(1)または(2)を満たすものに適用可能である。
(1)運転室内の室温を調整する空調装置を二以上備え、前記太陽電池パネルの単位重量あたりの最大出力qを、少なくとも一つの空調装置の最大消費電力を太陽電池パネルの重量で割った値の1.2倍以上となるように設定する。
(2)運転室内の室温を調整する空調装置を一つのみ備え、前記太陽電池パネルの単位重量あたりの最大出力qを、該空調装置の最大消費電力を太陽電池パネルの重量で割った値の0.2倍以上となるように設定する。
図1、2は、トラック車輌の構成例を示す図である。図1(A)は、本発明の実施形態に係る太陽電池が搭載されたトラック車輌の全体構成を示す図である。図1(B)は、他の実施形態に係る太陽電池が搭載されたトラック車輌の全体構成を示す図である。
太陽電池パネル40は、複数個の太陽電池素子が直列及び/又は並列に接続されてパネルとして構成されるもので、図3(A)に示されるように、太陽電池素子41の受光面側(矢印方向)及び非受光面側の双方に、任意に封止材層42、43を介し、表面、裏面側の保護層44,45を備えている。必要に応じてガスバリア層、ゲッター材層など他の層を任意の場所に設けてもよい。
GS系半導はCu(In1-xGax)(Se1-ySy)2を指す(0<x<1、0≦y≦1)。
ところで、実施形態に係る空調制御装置を適用可能なトラック車輌は、図1(A)に示したような、トラック車輌1に初期搭載されたメインの空調装置130と、トラック車輌1に後付けされた、主に仮眠キャビン14内の空調を行うアドオンタイプの空調装置30を備えたものの他に、図1(B)に示すような、運転席側のビルトインタイプの電動空調装置131を一つのみ備えたトラック車輌も含まれる。
図6は、上述したようなトラック車輌1に適用可能な空調制御システムの構成例を示す図である。図6に示す空調制御システムは、空調制御装置としての制御装置(システムコントローラ)60を備え、制御装置60は、太陽電池パネル40と、空調装置30や空調装置131(以下、特に空調装置30と空調装置131とを区別しない場合には、「空調装置30」と表記する)とに電気的に接続される。また、制御装置60は、蓄電池(以下、「バッテリ」ともいう)50と電気的に接続され、蓄電池50からの放電電力を得て作動することができる。また、制御装置60は、トラック車輌外の外部電源80と電気的に接続可能となっており、外部電源80から供給される電力で作動することもできる。
以下、自動運転モードによる空調制御について説明する。
図8~図11は、アドオンタイプの空調装置(エアコン)30に適用される自動運転モードによる空調制御例を示すフローチャートである。当該フローチャートにおける判定ステップ(菱形シンボル)において、判定結果がYesであれば処理が下方に進み、判定結果がNoであれば、処理が横方向に進む。
図12~14は、図1(B)に示したトラック車輌1に搭載されたビルトインタイプの空調装置131に適用される自動運転モードによる第1の空調制御例を示すフローチャートである。当該フローチャートにおける判定ステップ(菱形シンボル)において、判定結果がYesであれば処理が下方に進み、判定結果がNoであれば、処理が横方向に進む。
れば、制御装置60は、処理をステップS39(図11)に進めてPV40からの電力をバッテリ50に充電する。
図15及び図16は、ビルトインタイプの空調装置131に適用される自動運転モードによる第2の空調制御例を示すフローチャートである。当該フローチャートにおける判定ステップ(菱形シンボル)において、判定結果がYesであれば処理が下方に進み、判定結果がNoであれば、処理が横方向に進む。図12~14に示した第1の空調制御例では、エンジンオン時の空調制御において、オルタネータ37の使用に優先してバッテリ50が使用されていた。これに対し、第2の空調制御例では、エンジンオン時の空調制御において、オルタネータ37が使用される。
以下、上述したフローチャート(図8~図16)における室温Tin,外気温Tout,及び設定温度Tset、並びにこれらの差分である温度差Td1,Td2,及びTd3との関係と、空調装置30(131),130の運転モードとの関係について、図17~図19を用いて説明する。
図20は、バッテリ充電処理(S15,S25,S34,S39,S106,S113,S119,S126)のサブルーチンの例を示すフローチャートである。図20における処理は、例えば、充放電コントローラ65が制御装置60からの指示を受け取ることで開始される。最初に、充放電コントローラ65は、電力供給元に相当する太陽電池パネル(PV)40、オルタネータ37、又は外部電源(外部系統)80からの入力電圧を読み込む(ステップS301)。充放電コントローラ65は、入力電圧として、PV40の出力電圧,オルタネータ37の出力電圧,インタフェース部81に接続された外部電源80の電圧を測定する図示しない電圧計の測定値を利用することができる。
上述した制御装置(システムコントローラ)60は、さらに、積雪防止モードを備えることができる。積雪防止モードとは、冬季など、気温がある設定温度以下となると太陽電池パネル(PV)40への通電を行い、PV40を発熱させて積雪を防止するモードである。
上述した図8、図12に係るフローチャートでは、休業日が設定され、当日が休業日か営業日か否かが判定され、営業日であれば、それ以降の処理が実行されるようになっていた。このような構成に代えて、以下のようなトラック車輌1の運行スケジュール(使用スケジュール)に従った処理が行われるようにしても良い。
次に、第2実施形態として、本願の第2の発明に係る実施形態について説明する。第2実施形態は、第1実施形態と共通の構成を有するので、共通する構成については説明を省略する。第2実施形態は、荷台に設けられた太陽電池パネルで発電される電気エネルギーを用いて、トラック車輌又は荷台に設けられた冷却貯蔵庫の冷却部(電気部品)を駆動させることを特徴とする。その一例として、以下に示す第2実施形態では、運転室または積載物収容部の少なくとも一部の温度を調整する温度調整部を備え、太陽電池パネルから温度調整部に電気エネルギーを供給するトラック車輌について説明する。また、第2実施形態では、荷台に設けられた太陽電池パネルで発電される電気エネルギーにより、荷台に設けられた冷却貯蔵庫を冷却する温度調整部としての冷却装置を駆動する太陽電池パネルを搭載したトラック車輌について説明する。
(1)冷凍機30Aの複数の運転モードのうち、少なくとも一つの運転モードの要求電力を太陽電池パネルの重量で割った値に対し、前記太陽電池パネルの単位重量あたりの最大出力qを1倍以上となるように設定する。
(2)冷凍機30Aの最大消費電力を太陽電池パネルの重量で割った値に対し、前記太陽電池パネルの単位重量あたりの最大出力qを0.1倍以上となるように設定する。
図29は、第2実施形態に係る制御装置60及び周辺装置の説明図である。図7との相違は、空調装置30の代わりに、冷凍機30Aが制御装置60と接続され、制御装置60に含まれる充放電コントローラ65の制御によって供給される電力で冷凍機30Aが駆動するようにされている点である。このように、第1実施形態(図7)に示した空調用の制御装置60は、冷凍機30Aの制御装置として適用することができ、制御装置60の周辺装置71~79,81~84は、冷凍機30Aに対する電力供給制御に適用し得る。図29に示した冷凍機30Aを除く構成要素は、第1実施形態と同様である。
但し、温度センサ75は、冷凍庫122内の庫内温度を検出するセンサとして使用される。また、選択部64は、充電検出部62や発電電力検出部63で検出した値に基づき、太陽電池パネル40の発電電力の供給先を選択する。供給先として、冷凍機30A,バッテリ50,外部(外部電源)80の何れかを選択することができる。
以下、第2実施形態のトラック車両において、冷凍機30Aへ供給する電力の自動制御について説明する。
図33は、冷凍機30Aへ供給する電力の自動制御例を示すフローの全体図、図34はイグニッションがOFFの場合の冷凍強モードのフローチャート、図35はイグニッションがOFFの場合の冷凍弱モードのフローチャート、図36はイグニッションがONの場合の冷凍強モードのフローチャート、図37はイグニッションがONの場合の冷凍弱モードのフローチャートである。当該フローチャートにおける判定ステップ(菱形シンボル)において、判定結果がYesであれば処理が下方に進み、判定結果がNoであれば、処理が横方向に進む。
図34のステップS212において、制御装置60のモード決定部68は、庫内温度Tinが設定温度Tset以上かをチェックする。ここで庫内温度Tinが設定温度Tset未満であれば、冷却の必要が無いので休止モードを選択し、一旦冷凍機30Aの運転を休止させ(ステップS221)、バッテリ50の充電モードを実行して(ステップS222)、処理をステップS6へ戻す。なお、バッテリ充電処理は、第1実施形態(図20)と同様である。
一方、ステップS209で温度差Td1が閾値Tc未満で判定された場合、或いはステップS219でバッテリ残量が閾値Wh3未満と判定され、処理が図35のステップS231に進んだ場合、制御装置60は、冷凍庫温度センサ75の出力、即ち冷凍庫温度Tinを読み込む。次に、制御装置60は、冷凍庫温度Tinと設定温度(設定値)Tsetとの温度差Td1(Td1=|Tin-Tset|)が、予め設定された定数(閾値)Ta以上か否かを判定する(ステップS232)。
一方、ステップS211(図33)において、冷凍庫温度Tinと設定値Tsetとの温度差Td1(Td1=|Tin-Tset|)が、予め設定された定数(閾値)Tc以上であれば、制御装置60の選択部64は、冷凍強モード(図36)で冷凍機30Aの運転を行うべく、処理を図36のステップS251へ進める。
一方、ステップS211(図33)において、冷凍庫温度Tinと設定値Tsetとの温度差Td1(Td1=|Tin-Tset|)が、予め設定された定数(閾値)Tc未満であれば、制御装置60の選択部64は、冷凍弱モード(図37)で冷凍機30Aの運転を行うべく、処理を図37のステップS271へ進める。
なお、上述したバッテリ充電処理(S215,S225,S234,S239等)のサブルーチンは、第1実施形態(図20)と同様であるので説明を省略した。もっとも、バッテリ充電処理は、図20に示した処理に限定されるものではなく、既存のバッテリ充電処理を行うことができる。
<運行スケジュールに基づく冷凍機制御>
上記した図33に係るフローチャートでは、休業日が設定され、当日が休業日か営業日か否かが判定され、営業日であれば、それ以降の処理が実行されるようになっていた。このような構成に代えて、以下のような運行スケジュールに従った処理が行われるようにしても良い。
図33~図37に示したフローでは、イグニッションSW79がONの場合、補助電源としてバッテリ50を優先的に使用し、バッテリ残量が足りないときにオルタネータ37でアシストした。以下に説明するオルタネータアシストモードでは、バッテリ50でアシストせず、オルタネータ37でアシストする。なお、その他の構成は、図33~図37に示した処理と同様である。
次に、太陽電池パネル40が外部電源80と接続している場合に、買電モード或いは売電モードを実行する例について説明する。図40,図41は、買電及び売電モードにおける制御のフローチャートである。
第2実施形態に係るシステムコントローラ(制御装置)60は、第1実施形態で説明した積雪防止モードを実行する機能を備えることができる。積雪防止モードは、第1実施形態と同様であるので説明を省略する。
10・・・運転車輌
11・・・運転室
12・・・運転席
13・・・助手席
14・・・仮眠キャビン
20・・・荷台
21・・・荷台ボディ
22・・・ウィング
23・・・ヒンジ部
24・・・天板パネル
30,130・・・空調装置
31・・・室内機
32・・・室外機
37・・・オルタネータ
40・・・太陽電池パネル
41・・・太陽電池素子
41a,41b・・・電極
41c・・・発電層
42,43・・・封止材層
44,45・・・保護層
46・・・リード線
47・・・スペーサ
50・・・蓄電池(バッテリ)
60・・・制御装置(システムコントローラ)
61・・・入力ポート
62・・・充電検出部
63・・・発電電力検出部
64・・・選択部
65・・・充放電コントローラ
66・・・表示制御部66
67・・・メモリ
68・・・モード決定部
71・・・バッテリ温度センサ
72・・・バッテリモニタ
73・・・日射量センサ
74・・・外気温センサ
75・・・運転室の温度センサ
76・・・湿度センサ
77・・・天候モニタ
78・・・タイマ
79・・・イグニッションスイッチ
80・・・外部電源
81・・・オルタネータ発電力モニタ
82・・・太陽電池(PV)発電力モニタ
83・・・表示装置(ディスプレイ)
84・・・入力装置
91・・・逆流防止ダイオード
92,93・・・スイッチ
94・・・バイパスダイオード
131・・・電動空調装置
242,243・・・封止材層
244・・・表面保護層
245・・・裏面保護層
401・・・単位パネル
420・・・電気ケーブル
1A・・・車輌
111・・・ エンジンルーム
120・・・荷台
122・・・冷凍庫
30A・・・冷凍機
31A・・・熱交換ユニット
132 コンプレッサ
133 電動モータ
Claims (34)
- 運転室内の室温を調整する空調装置を備えた運転車輌と、この運転車輌に連結され積載物収容部を覆う荷台ボディを有する荷台と、この荷台ボディに設けられた太陽電池パネルとを備えるトラック車輌用の空調制御装置であって、
前記太陽電池パネルの発電電力、又は日射量を求める検出手段と、
前記空調装置に用意された複数の運転モードの夫々における要求電力と、前記太陽電池パネルの発電電力、又は日射量とに基づいて、前記太陽電池パネルの発電電力で運転可能な前記空調装置の運転モードを決定する決定手段と
を含むトラック車輌用の空調制御装置。 - 前記トラック車輌のエンジンのオン又はオフを検知するオン/オフ検知手段をさらに備え、
前記決定手段は、前記トラック車輌のエンジンのオン時とオフ時とで異なる運転モードを決定しうる
請求項1に記載のトラック車輌用の空調制御装置。 - 前記決定手段は、前記トラック車輌のエンジンがオンの場合には前記複数の空調装置の運転モードの一つである空調モードを決定し、前記トラック車輌のエンジンがオフの場合には前記複数の空調装置の運転モードの他の一つである換気モードを所定条件下で決定する
請求項2に記載のトラック車輌用の空調制御装置。 - 前記運転室内の室温を検出する室温検出手段及び/又は外気温を検出する外気温検出手段をさらに備え、
前記決定手段は、
(i)前記複数の運転モードの夫々における要求電力と、
(ii)前記太陽電池パネルの発電電力、又は日射量と、
(iii)前記室温,前記外気温,及び前記空調装置の設定温度のうちの少なくとも二つと、
に基づいて、前記太陽電池パネルからの電力で運転可能な前記空調装置の運転モードを決定する
請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載のトラック車輌用の空調制御装置。 - 前記決定手段は、前記室温と前記外気温との温度差が閾値以下の場合には前記複数の空調装置の運転モードの一つである空調モードを決定し、
前記温度差が閾値より大きい場合に、前記外気温と前記設定温度との温度差が前記室温と前記設定温度との温度差以下であれば前記複数の空調装置の運転モードの他の一つである換気モードを決定し、そうでなければ前記空調モードを決定する
請求項4に記載のトラック車輌用の空調制御装置。 - 前記決定手段は、前記室温と前記設定温度との温度差が第1の閾値以上の場合には、前記複数の空調装置の運転モードの一つである第1の空調モードでの運転を試み、前記温度差が第1の閾値未満であって且つ前記室温と前記設定温度との温度差が前記第1の閾値より小さい第2の閾値以上の場合には前記複数の空調装置の運転モードの他の一つである前記第1の空調モードよりも要求電力の低い第2の空調モードでの運転を試みる請求項4又は5に記載のトラック車輌用の空調制御装置。
- 前記トラック車輌が蓄電池をさらに備える場合に、前記決定手段は、前記太陽電池パネルの発電電力が前記複数の運転モードの一つである第1の空調モードの要求電力に満たない場合に、前記蓄電池の放電電力が前記太陽電池パネルの発電電力と合わせて前記要求電力を満たすことができれば前記第1の空調モードを前記太陽電池パネル及び前記蓄電池の放電電力で運転することを決定し、前記蓄電池の放電電力を前記太陽電池パネルの発電電力と合わせても前記要求電力を満たすことができない場合には、前記第1の空調モードより要求電力の低い第2の空調モードを前記太陽電池パネルの発電電力で運転できるか否かを判定する
請求項1から6のいずれか1項に記載のトラック車輌用の空調制御装置。 - 前記決定手段は、前記第1の空調モードより要求電力の低い第2の空調モードを前記太陽電池パネルの発電電力で運転できるか否かの判定を、室温と前記空調装置の設定温度との温度差が閾値以上であることを条件として行う
請求項7に記載のトラック車輌用の空調制御装置。 - 前記トラック車輌が蓄電池及びオルタネータを備える場合において、前記決定手段は、前記太陽電池パネルの発電電力が前記複数の運転モードの一つの要求電力に満たない場合に、前記蓄電池の放電電力が前記太陽電池パネルの発電電力と合わせて前記要求電力を満たすことができれば前記複数の運転モードの一つを前記太陽電池パネル及び前記蓄電池の放電電力で運転することを決定し、前記蓄電池の放電電力を前記太陽電池パネルの発電電力と合わせても前記要求電力を満たすことができない場合には前記複数の運転モードの一つを前記太陽電池パネル及び前記オルタネータの発電電力で運転することを決定する
請求項1から6のいずれか1項に記載のトラック車輌用の空調制御装置。 - 前記トラック車輌がオルタネータを備える場合において、前記決定手段は、前記太陽電池パネルの発電電力が前記複数の運転モードの一つの要求電力に満たないときには、前記複数の運転モードの一つを前記太陽電池パネル及び前記オルタネータの発電電力で運転することを決定する
請求項1から6のいずれか1項に記載のトラック車輌用の空調制御装置。 - 前記トラック車輌が前記空調装置の電源の一つとして使用される蓄電池をさらに備える場合に、前記決定手段は、前記オルタネータの発電電力に余剰電力が含まれる場合には、前記余剰電力を前記蓄電池に充電することを決定する
請求項10に記載のトラック車輌用の空調制御装置。 - 前記決定手段は、予め記憶された前記トラック車輌の営業日及び営業時間帯を示す使用スケジュール情報に基づき、前記運転モードの決定処理を実行する
請求項1から11のいずれか1項に記載のトラック車輌用の空調制御装置。 - 外気温が閾値以下の場合に前記太陽電池パネルに発熱用電力を供給する制御を行う発熱制御手段をさらに含む
請求項1から12のいずれか1項に記載のトラック車輌用の空調制御装置。 - 前記トラック車輌が備えるインタフェース部に接続された外部電源からの電力を前記空調装置に接続する接続制御手段をさらに含む
請求項1から13のいずれか1項に記載のトラック車輌用の空調制御装置。 - 前記太陽電池パネルからの発電電力の供給先を、前記空調装置と、前記トラック車輌が備える蓄電池と、前記トラック車輌に備えられ外部負荷と接続される出力インタフェース部との少なくとも一つに設定する選択手段をさらに含む
請求項1から14の何れか1項に記載のトラック車輌用の空調制御装置。 - 運転室内の室温を調整する空調装置を備えた運転車輌と、
前記運転車輌に連結され積載物収容部を覆う荷台ボディを有する荷台と、
前記荷台ボディに設けられた太陽電池パネルと、
前記太陽電池パネルの発電電力、又は日射量を求める検出手段,及び前記空調装置に用意された複数の運転モードの夫々における要求電力と前記太陽電池パネルの発電電力、又は日射量とに基づいて、前記太陽電池パネルの発電電力で運転可能な前記空調装置の運転モードを決定する決定手段を少なくとも含む空調制御装置と、
を備えるトラック車輌。 - 前記空調装置と外部電源とを電気的に接続するためのインタフェース部をさらに備える請求項16記載のトラック車輌。
- 前記太陽電池パネルからの発電電力を外部に出力するための出力インタフェース部をさらに備える
請求項16又は17に記載のトラック車輌。 - 車輌の少なくとも一部に設けた冷却貯蔵庫と、前記冷却貯蔵庫内を冷却する冷却部と、前記冷却部に電力を供給する太陽電池を備えた車輌用の制御装置であって、
前記太陽電池パネルの発電電力又は日射量を求める検出部と、
前記冷却部に用意された複数の運転モードの夫々における要求電力と、前記太陽電池パネルの発電電力又は日射量とに基づいて、前記太陽電池パネルの発電電力で運転可能な前記冷却部の運転モードを決定する決定部と
を含む車輌用の制御装置。 - 前記車輌のエンジンのオン又はオフを検知するオン/オフ検知部をさらに備え、
前記決定部は、前記トラック車輌のエンジンのオン時とオフ時とで異なる運転モードを決定しうる
請求項19に記載の車輌用の制御装置。 - 前記冷却貯蔵庫の庫内温度を検出する庫内温度検出部と、
前記庫内温度の目標値として設定された設定温度を記憶する記憶部とをさらに備え、
前記決定部は、前記複数の運転モードの夫々における要求電力と、前記太陽電池パネルの発電電力又は日射量、前記庫内温度及び前記設定温度に基づいて、前記太陽電池パネルからの電力で運転可能な前記運転モードを決定する
請求項19又は20に記載の車輌用の制御装置。 - 前記決定部は、前記庫内温度と前記設定温度との温度差が第1の閾値以上の場合には、前記複数の運転モードの一つである第1の冷却モードでの運転を試み、
前記温度差が第1の閾値未満であって且つ前記温度差が前記第1の閾値より小さい第2の閾値以上の場合には前記複数の運転モードの他の一つである前記第1の冷却モードよりも要求電力の低い第2の冷却モードでの運転を試みる
請求項21に記載の車輌用の制御装置。 - 前記車輌が蓄電池をさらに備え、
前記決定部は、前記太陽電池パネルの発電電力が前記複数の運転モードの一つである第1の冷却モードの要求電力に満たない場合に、前記蓄電池の放電電力と前記太陽電池パネルの発電電力とを合わせて前記要求電力を満たすことができれば前記第1の冷却モードを前記太陽電池パネルの発電電力及び前記蓄電池の放電電力で運転することを決定し、前記蓄電池の放電電力を前記太陽電池パネルの発電電力と合わせても前記要求電力を満たすことができない場合には、前記第1の冷却モードより要求電力の低い第2の冷却モードを前記太陽電池パネルの発電電力で運転できるか否かを判定する
請求項19から22の何れか1項に記載の車輌用の制御装置。 - 前記決定部は、前記第1の冷却モードより要求電力の低い第2の冷却モードを前記太陽電池パネルの発電電力で運転できるか否かの判定を、前記冷却貯蔵庫の庫内温度と前記庫内温度の目標値として設定された設定温度との温度差が閾値以上であることを条件として行う
請求項23に記載の車輌用の制御装置。 - 前記車輌が蓄電池及びオルタネータを備える場合に、前記決定部は、前記太陽電池パネルの発電電力が前記複数の運転モードの一つの要求電力に満たない場合に、前記蓄電池の放電電力が前記太陽電池パネルの発電電力と合わせて前記要求電力を満たすことができれば前記複数の運転モードの一つを前記太陽電池パネル及び前記蓄電池の放電電力で運転することを決定し、前記蓄電池の放電電力を前記太陽電池パネルの発電電力と合わせても前記要求電力を満たすことができない場合には前記複数の運転モードの一つを前記太陽電池パネル及び前記オルタネータの発電電力で運転することを決定する
請求項19から22の何れか1項に記載の車輌用の制御装置。 - 前記車輌がオルタネータをさらに備えた場合に、
前記決定部は、前記太陽電池パネルの発電電力が前記複数の運転モードの一つの要求電力に満たない場合に、前記複数の運転モードの一つを前記太陽電池パネル及び前記オルタネータの発電電力で運転することを決定する
請求項19から22の何れか1項に記載の車輌用の制御装置。 - 前記車輌が蓄電池をさらに備えた場合に、
前記決定部は、前記オルタネータの発電電力に余剰電力が含まれる場合には、前記余剰電力を前記蓄電池に充電することを決定する
請求項26に記載の車輌用の制御装置。 - 前記決定部は、予め記憶された前記車輌の営業日及び営業時間帯を示す使用スケジュール情報に基づき、前記運転モードの決定処理を実行する
請求項19から27の何れか1項に記載の車輌用の制御装置。 - 外気温が閾値以下の場合に前記太陽電池パネルに発熱用電力を供給する制御を行う発熱制御部をさらに含む
請求項19から28の何れか1項に記載の車輌用の制御装置。 - インタフェース部に接続された外部電源からの電力を前記冷却部に接続する接続制御部をさらに含む
請求項19から29の何れか1項に記載の車輌用の制御装置。 - 前記太陽電池パネルからの発電電力の供給先を、前記冷却部、蓄電池、外部電源と接続される出力インタフェース部の少なくとも一つに設定する選択部をさらに含む
請求項19から30の何れか1項に記載の車輌用の制御装置。 - 冷却貯蔵庫と、
前記冷却貯蔵庫内を冷却する冷却部と、
前記冷却部に電力を供給する太陽電池パネルと、
前記太陽電池パネルの発電電力又は日射量を求める検出部、及び前記冷却部に用意された複数の運転モードの夫々における要求電力と、前記太陽電池パネルの発電電力とに基づいて、前記太陽電池パネルの発電電力で運転可能な前記冷却部の運転モードを決定する決定部とを少なくとも含む制御装置と、
を備える車輌。 - 前記冷却部と外部電源とを電気的に接続するためのインタフェース部をさらに備える
請求項32記載の車輌。 - 前記太陽電池パネルからの発電電力を外部に出力するための出力インタフェース部をさらに備える
請求項32又は33に記載の車輌。
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Also Published As
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CN102666161A (zh) | 2012-09-12 |
JPWO2011078109A1 (ja) | 2013-05-09 |
CN102666161B (zh) | 2015-01-14 |
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