WO2011048238A2 - Método de cultivo de viñedos y obtención de sus levadura para fermentación en altos contenidos de azúcar y alcohol - Google Patents
Método de cultivo de viñedos y obtención de sus levadura para fermentación en altos contenidos de azúcar y alcohol Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011048238A2 WO2011048238A2 PCT/ES2010/000421 ES2010000421W WO2011048238A2 WO 2011048238 A2 WO2011048238 A2 WO 2011048238A2 ES 2010000421 W ES2010000421 W ES 2010000421W WO 2011048238 A2 WO2011048238 A2 WO 2011048238A2
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- yeast
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/02—Cultivation of hops or vines
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12G—WINE; PREPARATION THEREOF; ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; PREPARATION OF ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES C12C OR C12H
- C12G1/00—Preparation of wine or sparkling wine
- C12G1/02—Preparation of must from grapes; Must treatment and fermentation
- C12G1/0203—Preparation of must from grapes; Must treatment and fermentation by microbiological or enzymatic treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12G—WINE; PREPARATION THEREOF; ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; PREPARATION OF ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES C12C OR C12H
- C12G3/00—Preparation of other alcoholic beverages
- C12G3/02—Preparation of other alcoholic beverages by fermentation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/14—Fungi; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/16—Yeasts; Culture media therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12C—BEER; PREPARATION OF BEER BY FERMENTATION; PREPARATION OF MALT FOR MAKING BEER; PREPARATION OF HOPS FOR MAKING BEER
- C12C12/00—Processes specially adapted for making special kinds of beer
- C12C12/002—Processes specially adapted for making special kinds of beer using special microorganisms
- C12C12/006—Yeasts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12H—PASTEURISATION, STERILISATION, PRESERVATION, PURIFICATION, CLARIFICATION OR AGEING OF ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; METHODS FOR ALTERING THE ALCOHOL CONTENT OF FERMENTED SOLUTIONS OR ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES
- C12H6/00—Methods for increasing the alcohol content of fermented solutions or alcoholic beverages
- C12H6/02—Methods for increasing the alcohol content of fermented solutions or alcoholic beverages by distillation
Definitions
- a first object is to develop a method of cultivation of a vineyard resistant to weather and / or climatic incidences with the development of deep and strong roots.
- a second object is to develop a method of deep fermentation with wild yeasts of grapes that remind the land and possess its organoleptic properties, and methods of obtaining wines with high alcohol content.
- a third object is to develop a method of obtaining and using wild grape yeasts, capable of fermenting sugars at low to high concentrations, from the solutions of sucrose, commercial sugar, molasses from cane sugar, from beet molasses, fermentation of sugars from starch hydrolysis, and fermentation of sugars from plant materials
- yeasts complete the fermentation of all the sugar present in grape juice, thus a high degree of alcohol, usually up to about 14% vol. or not very superior, it gives the wine its final and aromatic structure.
- the fermentation of grape must in practice can be done with wild yeasts, inoculated yeasts or using both procedures.
- the wild yeasts responsible for winemaking are found naturally in the skins of the grapes (usually in a powder-shaped layer fine white that covers the skin of the grapes, (vitis vinifera /.), and that is called "pru ⁇ na").
- Specific cultured yeast strains can provide specific fruity aromas, high alcohol content, pleasant nose texture and other characteristics such as fermenting at low temperatures or with relatively low pH etc.
- yeasts are usually used to convert sugar into alcohol.
- the species of yeast that is considered best for the total fermentation of alcohol is saccharomyces cerevisiae. Fermentation with wild or indigenous yeasts, although it is very minor, is practiced by some European processors, who have always fermented with Wild yeasts and with very good results. Likewise, California winemakers are starting to start this spontaneous fermentation, with also very favorable results. At harvest, the grapes carry thousands of organisms, including yeasts, with the consequent risk of infection.
- One of the most common characteristics of wild yeasts is their low resistance to alcohol and their low resistance to infections.
- wild yeasts An advantage of the use of wild yeasts is the fact that it takes longer to start fermentation, allows more skin contact time with the grapes, which translates into more body, depth of character, color and more flavors fruity (that is, many more variables than with industrial wines). It has been found that many of the unpredictable aromas and esters communicated by wild yeasts give an interesting sophisticated nature to the wine, resulting in a wine with complex flavors, good bouquet and very good alcohol.
- the document FR 2844275 aims at a natural winemaking process with wild yeasts that is characterized by comprising the following steps: -transfer grapes by gravity to wooden barrels, - vibrated to ensure complete filling of the barrels, - control of the Grape fermentation in these barrels with periodic oscillation, etc. as well as the subsequent malolactic fermentation of the wine and the conservation of this wine in the same fermentation barrel. It does not use pumps for the transfer or tanks, only tanks.
- WO2004029 93 proposes a method of producing a fermentation product, the method comprising a fermentation step that includes contact with a fermentation microorganism or fermentation media used with at least one esterase enzyme, such as lipase , phytases, phospholipase and cutinase.
- esterase enzyme such as lipase , phytases, phospholipase and cutinase.
- the present invention relates to a method of cultivation of a vineyard resistant to weather and / or climatic inclemencies with the development of deep and strong roots, cultivation method thanks to which wild yeasts that will carry out the wine fermentation process are developed ; and a deep fermentation method by which the total transformation of sugar into alcohol is carried out, these wild yeasts are developed and multiplied in broths that reach such a high degree of alcohol, totally superior to those obtained by the conventional fermentation practiced to date.
- Natural method of cultivation consists in obtaining a totally natural wine, starting with the selection of the vine, so that it is the vine itself that develops and produces its fruits and by its own yeasts.
- the method starts from the moment of the selection of vines and reaches the achievement of the yeast of these strains, which will then be treated, where appropriate, genetically to achieve a faster multiplication and to be the predominant in the process of fermentation, that is, that they develop in quantity and strength so that they prevail against other yeasts that may appear and that they also get the total fermentation of sugars, to obtain a wine with character and very good alcohol that will give it longevity, aromas and flavors, that not only remind us of the fruit but also the earth and the environment where the vines have been cultivated, solving a problem that currently exists and that is that, with wild or indigenous yeasts, fermentation with a high degree of alcohol
- the method of deep fermentation with wild grape yeasts reminiscent of the soil and possess its organoleptic properties; and very important they ferment all the sugars contained in the grapes.
- the deep fermentation method does not use any type of additional yeast, it is done only with the wild yeasts of the grapes, that is, the fermentation is carried out with the yeasts obtained from the grapes grown by the natural method of cultivation.
- These wild yeasts typical of grapes whose properties are largely pronounced of the soil are capable of fermentation even with high percentages of alcohol.
- an evolution of the wild yeasts contributed by the grapes has been seen, the flavors, aromas and the bouquet have been improving and standardizing and the alcohol was getting better, until in the year 2004 its properties have been stabilized, giving thereafter more regular wines for their properties.
- the deep fermentation method with wild grape yeasts allows to obtain broths with even higher alcohol content, which allows the direct obtaining of alcoholic beverages such as cognacs, etc.
- the present method creates the conditions for the industrial production of bioethanol with indices more efficient energy compared to those currently obtained in industrial production of bioethanol by fermentation of raw materials such as sugarcane juice, or beets.
- the essential characteristic stages of the deep fermentation method are:
- Figure 1 corresponds to the ground of a barrel containing 17.7% ethanol, and the ground of a second barrel whose alcohol content was 18.2%, both planted in YPD medium plates.
- Figure 2 shows in a planting in the YPD medium the White Yeast 1, Slow Growth Yeast 2 and the Yellow Yeast 3.
- Figure 3 shows a sample of the bottom of the tank and another of the grounds of the grape fermentation tank of the 2008 harvest, in the YPD medium, filamentous fungi can be seen that could be the slow-growing yeast.
- Figure 4 which also corresponds to the 2008 harvest, shows a sample from the bottom of the tank and another from the ground of the fermentation tank, in the YPD medium, filamentous fungi, abundant presence of white yeast and a small of yellow yeast
- Figure 5.1 and Figure 5.2 represent: the right column is a YPD glucose-free medium that has been increasing the level of ethanol.
- the left column shows plates of YPD medium containing 1% glucose. To the left of the photos, the text indicates the percentage of ethanol on each plate. All plates are divided into three zones and in each respective zone each of the strains White Yeast 1, Slow Growth Yeast 2 and Yellow Yeast 3 are planted.
- Figure 6 shows the behavior of the three strains of White Yeast 1, Slow Growth Yeast 2 and Yellow Yeast 3. in YPD medium with 1% glucose at elevated ethanol levels. Likewise, all the plates are divided into three zones and in each zone each of the strains is sown.
- Figure 7 shows the microscopic morphology of the seeding separately from the white yeast.
- Figure 8 shows the microscopic view of the seeding separately from the white yeast after more advanced growth.
- Figure 9 corresponds to the slow growing yeast under the microscope separately.
- Figure 10 corresponds to the same plate of Figure 4 from which hyphae obtained in a must in fermentation will be analyzed.
- Figure 1 1 shows one of the entire hyphae, including its head.
- Figure 12 shows an enlargement of the head of the hypha of Figure 11, and in which it can be seen that it is composed of its small cells.
- Figure 13 is an enlargement in which small cells Figure 12.
- Figure 14 is seen a photograph of a flask with foam due to the release of C0 2 shown in fermentation medium with 60% commercial sugar (saccharose).
- Figure 15 is a photograph of a flask with foam due to the release of C0 2 shown in fermentation medium with 70% commercial sugar (sucrose).
- Figure 16 is a photograph of a flask with foam due to the release of C0 2 from the sample in the fermentation of beet molasses with a 12.2% sucrose content.
- Figure 17 is a photograph of a flask with foam due to the release of C0 2 shows the fermentation of molasses sugar cane pure a sucrose content of 40%.
- Figure 18 is a photograph of a foam flask due to the release of C0 2 from the sample in the fermentation of beet molasses with a content of 12.2% sucrose.
- Figure 19 is a photograph of a flask with foam due to the release of C0 2 of the sample in the fermentation of beet molasses containing sucrose 18.4%.
- Figure 20 is a photograph of a flask with foam due to the release of C0 2 of the sample in the fermentation of beet molasses containing sucrose 42.7%.
- Figure 21 is a photograph of a foam flask due to the release of C0 2 from the sample in the fermentation of sugars from starch with a starch concentration of 20%.
- Figure 22 is a photograph of a foam flask due to the release of C0 2 from the sample in the fermentation of sugars from starch with a starch concentration of 40%.
- Figure 23 is a photograph of a tube with foam due to the release of C0 2 shows the fermentation of sugars from plant matter.
- Figure 24 is a photograph of a tube with foam due to the release of C0 2 shows the fermentation of sugars from plant matter.
- Embodiment No. 1 CULTURE METHOD OF A RESISTANT VINEYARD a). Cultivation conditions:
- the first commercial harvest is collected making the late harvest, in the foggy season and especially after the autumn rains. It has been established according to the Invention that although usually when it rains in September, the grapes gain weight, however, with the rains of autumn it thickens the skin of the grapes, the grapes do not get fat, and that is when the yeasts of the Second Object of the Invention appear, Deep fermentation method with wild yeasts, which will subsequently intervene in the innovative sugar fermentation process.
- the fermentation yeasts corresponding to the Second Object of the Invention have been studied in the laboratory, for which representative samples of the wine produced were extracted.
- - White yeast grows properly in all concentrations of ethanol and in large quantities both in the medium with glucose (1%), and in the medium without glucose, as it can use both ethanol carbon as a source of food, as also peptone and yeast extract, which are components of the YPD medium.
- 2. -Yellow yeast has a different morphology depending on whether the medium contains glucose, or not. In glucose media it grows in the form of large colonies, while in glucose-free media it grows in the form of smaller colonies, but in much larger numbers. In both cases there is a reduction in the amount of yeast produced by increasing the percentage of ethanol.
- the . White yeast grew significantly in all concentrations of ethanol. The difference between some concentrations and others was the speed of yeast growth. For higher concentrations, the growth rate is lower, the yeast took more days to grow, but as you can see the amount of yeast grown is very similar in all plates.
- the yellow yeast grew in all the plates, but its growth was small, in some plates it is even hard to see if it has grown or not.
- the plates with the highest growth are those of 25 and 40% vol. of ethanol
- the slow growing yeast grew in a large number of colonies for a concentration of 25% vol. and for higher concentrations of ethanol did not experience any growth.
- Figures 7 and 8 show the images corresponding to white yeast 1. A large number of cells in reproduction can be seen in Figure 8.
- Figure 13 shows the images corresponding to the small cells that form the hyphae head of Figure 12. These cells look very similar to those observed in slow growing yeast 2, see Figure 9. Although, the size of the cells of the head of hypha is larger and its cell membrane thicker than those of the cells observed in slow-growing yeast 2.
- Embodiment No. 3 CAPACITY OF MIXED VINETS IN THE FERMENTATION OF
- a culture medium is prepared in flasks with different concentrations weight / volume of commercial sugar.
- the components of the medium are:
- the sugar concentrations are: 1, 2, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40 and 50% all of them in weight / volume percentage.
- the colonies of the different strains grown on YPD medium plates, each strain separately, are planted in the YPD liquid medium (5 ml), and stirred 24 hours at 240 rpm and 28 ° C. Once this time has elapsed and all the strains have grown, 20 ⁇ of each one is placed in a test tube with 5 ml of the corresponding medium in each tube and they are stirred at 240 rpm 24 hours.
- each medium shows the following growth
- absorbance is measured to assess cell growth in the culture medium.
- the measure of absorbance is directly related to the amount of yeast cells in a given volume of culture medium.
- the difference measured by the spectrophotometer between the intensity of the light emitted by the lamp and that which reaches the detector once the sample is crossed, that is, the amount of light absorbed by the cells will be greater than the greater number of cells in the sample.
- the contents of the test tube were transferred to a flask with the culture medium at its corresponding concentration, leaving a total volume of 40ml. Stirring at 240 rpm for 4 hours for the inoculated cells to multiply. After this time the agitation was stopped leaving the cultures at 31 ° C under anaerobic conditions. A small agitation (22 rpm) was placed to try to ensure that the cells were well distributed throughout the culture. At this time the fermentation was started. The following week the concentration of carbohydrates was determined by the Dubois Phenol-Sulfuric Colorimetric Method obtaining the following percentages:
- reaction that describes the alcoholic fermentation is as follows: C 6 H 12 0 6 + 2 P ⁇ + 2 ADP ⁇ 2 CH 3 -CH 2 OH + 2 C0 2 + 2 ATP
- Embodiment No. 4 CAPACITY OF MIXED VINETS IN THE FERMENTATION OF MELAZA (FROM SUGAR CANE) WITH DIFFERENT DILUTIONS.
- Molasses from sugarcane was used as the basis for the culture medium. From this molasses, different dilutions were made to check the behavior of the strains before the different sugar levels.
- the starting molasses had 78.9 ° Brix and a sucrose content of 49.9%.
- the prepared media are shown in the following table:
- a colony of each strain, White Yeast 1, Slow Growth Yeast 2 f ⁇ a Yellow Yeast 3 sown in the YPD medium is taken, and all are resuspended together in 1 ml of water.
- a 5 ml aliquot of each prepared culture medium is taken and placed in test tubes, 50 ⁇ of the strain mixture is inoculated into each tube. Stirring at 240 rpm and 28 ° C. At 66 hours they show the following growth:
- the OD 6 oo values of each sample are independent of the others, being a measure of how the yeasts have adapted to that medium.
- the next step is to transfer an aliquot with a 1/1000 dilution of the contents of these tubes to their corresponding flask. Once the yeasts are inoculated into the flask, agitation is applied at 240 rpm and 28 ° C. At 16 hours it showed the following growth:
- Figures 16 and 17 forming foams produced by the presence of C0 2 released, fermentation product is observed.
- Figure 16 corresponds to a flask in which the concentration of sucrose is 23%.
- the figure 17 corresponds to a flask in which the concentration of sucrose is 40%.
- molasses is a very viscous fluid, so cells find a lot of resistance to diffuse through it, that is why when molasses is not diluted with some water, cell growth is practically impossible, as can be seen. in case No. 6, which is pure molasses.
- the strains grow in a percentage of 40% sucrose without difficulty, at the end of the fermentation of this broth the theoretical alcoholic grade that would be obtained would be 25.93 °, giving the calculation, equivalent to 20.7% vol .
- Figure 18 shows a molasses flask in which the sucrose concentration is 42.7%
- Figure 19 shows a molasses flask in which the sucrose concentration is 18.4%
- Figure 20 shows a flask with molasses in which the concentration of sucrose is 12.2%.
- the results obtained, see Figure 18, demonstrate that a broth with a content up to 42.7% of sugar can be fermented, which is 27.68 °, 28% volume / volume of ethanol (see theoretical calculation method above exposed), something really extraordinary.
- a separate material is molasses that, being a very viscous fluid, the cells find a lot of resistance to diffuse through it, so when the molasses is not diluted with some water, cell growth is practically impossible.
- Embodiment No. 5 CAPACITY OF MIXED VINETS IN THE FERMENTATION OF SUGARS
- starch is the origin of treatments for the production of both bread or beer.
- Different solutions of starch in water were prepared, the starch is not soluble in water, so it is resuspended.
- the acid hydrolysis method was used, which consists of lowering the pH to 0.8 with sulfuric acid and stirring it at 84 ° C for 6 hours.
- the starch concentrations used are: 10%, 20%, 40% and 50%, all of them referred to in weight / volume percentage.
- OD 60 or lower corresponds to flasks prepared with a higher concentration of starch, which is where the yeast is most resistant to survive, and therefore the number of these is lower. After 48 hours of stirring it stops so that there is no oxygen supply and the fermentation is allowed to end.
- Figure 21 corresponds to a flask prepared with 20% starch.
- Figure 22 corresponds to a flask prepared with 40% starch. Since the flour contains starch, and the yeasts are capable of fermenting starch, the use of these three strains of yeast in the fermentation process, at the same time, can confer higher quality, whatever the fermentation product of the flour that it is desired to obtain, since the coordinated action of the three yeasts will in itself improve the fermentation process.
- the yeast that works best in glucose ⁇ Yellow Yeast 3) can give coverage to the other two in high-content media (they must somehow survive on 70% sucrose), Slow Growth Yeast 2 can create a veil that favors the absence of oxygen, and provide all the advantages for a better fermentation, and finally White Yeast 1 can grow in the middle of very high concentrations of ethanol, and perhaps protect the other species of yeasts present in the process. Consequently in any process in which fermentation from fermentable sugars is present, these yeasts can presumably provide a higher quality to the product obtained.
- the species Nicotiana glauca was taken. They were taken samples of different parts of the plants, root, green stem, woody stem and leaves. In order to obtain the sugars from the plants, they were crushed and the crushed was mixed with water so that the plant's soluble sugars dissolved in the water. At this point the amount (in percentage weight / volume) of sugar present in the media was:
- the samples were inoculated with the strains from a saturated culture in YPD medium. 35 ⁇ of culture of each strain, of the mixture of White Yeast 1, Slow Growth Yeast 2 and Yellow Yeast 3 were inoculated. These media were stirred at 240 rpm and 28 ° C for 48 hours. The cell growth and the amount of sugar in the samples were then measured to determine what was consumed.
- Root 0.77 0.865 The data shows how yeasts have consumed the initial sugar.
- the yeast that works best in glucose (Yellow Yeast 3) can provide coverage to the other two in high-content media (they must somehow survive on 70% sucrose, as evidenced by the results obtained), Slow Growth Yeast 2 can create a veil that favors the absence of oxygen, and provide all the necessary advantages for that a better fermentation takes place, and finally White Yeast 1 can grow in a medium with very high concentrations of ethanol, and perhaps thus protect the other yeast species present in the process, thus stopping (protecting the whole of yeasts) there is a subsequent improvement of the obtained broths, or of whatever the product obtained. Consequently, in any process in which fermentation is present, from fermentable sugars, these yeasts can presumably provide a higher quality to the product obtained. Therefore, this would explain why a higher quality of the product obtained with various fermentable sources (sucrose, molasses, starch, must, etc.) should be obtained.
- Yellow Yeast 3 could be used in those processes in which a yeast with great resistance to osmotic stress is necessary, and which is also capable of growing, developing, reproducing and fermenting.
- Osmotic stress is a problem of fighting for water in an aqueous environment.
- a very high concentration of glucose implies a remarkably effective defensive system to avoid damage caused by strong pressure.
- the more glucose in the medium the more external pressure in the cell to the outside. Therefore it is a phenomenon that has many physical, chemical and biological implications. This phenomenon is of such importance that numerous research groups have been studying it in the world for tens of years, to know the damage and responses in the cells. Especially S. cerevisiae yeast has been used for this purpose.
- White Yeast 1 has a very high ethanol tolerance. To speak of an ethanol concentration of 60% in plaque and 70% v / v in liquid, means talking about numbers not reported in the art to date in any scientific journal or patent document, for S. cerevisiae strains. As in the case of glucose resistance, the values described multiply those observed to date by several orders of magnitude. This means that the strains of the present application White Yeast 1, Slow Growth Yeast 2 and Yellow Yeast 3, have a potential to solve scientific and technical problems, of orders of magnitude greater than the strains known to date. In the case of White Yeast 1 it is important to note the role that could potentially develop. Ethanol is a toxic to most living organisms. Its toxicity depends on the species and concentration.
- White Yeast 1 may have applications in this area. It can be used to study how microorganisms survive (and especially a model organism such as S. cerevisiae yeast) at high concentrations of ethanol, and thus be able to determine the keys to the process. They could also be used to transport microorganisms that are not resistant to high concentrations of ethanol by such solutions. A high concentration of White Yeast 1 can create a microenvironment that allows certain microorganisms to survive for a short period of time. The same could be said of Yellow Yeast 3 for high concentrations of sugar.
- This type of strategy is used when, for example, DNA electroporation techniques in protoplasts are performed, the action of exo- and endonuclease is avoided (DNA is protected) by using high concentrations of a DNA other than the object of electroporation , such as salmon sperm.
- Yeasts are oxidative, fermentative, or their metabolic activity is both types. On the surface of a liquid, oxidative yeasts can grow in the form of a film, a veil, or a foam, and are therefore called film-forming yeasts. Slow Growth Yeast 2 is especially sensitive in its morphological plasticity, to the changes produced by key aspects of fermentation. For example, when its development in YPD plate is observed (see Figures 3 and 4), rapid blackening can be seen over time. If a rapid change in these yeasts is observed (it quickly changes from an intense white color to a strong black; yeasts in a normal state have a white color), it must be because some factor is in contact with which it is usually not. This factor is probably oxygen.
- sugars are the most appropriate energy source for yeasts, although in oxidative ones, for example, film formers oxidize organic acids and alcohol, and also contribute to the production of flavors or "bouquet" of wines. Therefore, a commercial use of this yeast would be to provide the vine strains with a bouquet, or any other fermentation process such as the production of spirits, low-alcoholic beverages, bread, etc. It could also be used in any industrial process of those mentioned above or where the absence of oxygen is especially necessary and important, and that allows the use of a film-forming yeast, such as for example the production of an oxygen sensitive drug or substance . Within this group, all substances considered as antioxidants would be framed, that is, those that are especially sensitive to an electronic imbalance in the environment in which they are found. Electronic imbalance characterized by an excess or defect of electronic load with respect to a baseline state.
- This same yeast could be used to protect certain solutions from the phenomenon of oxidation, as a method of preventing the loss of natural properties of food, or industrial solutions, sensitive to oxygen or, which is the same (produced by oxygen or not) to the presence of an agent that creates an electronic imbalance, either by capturing electrons (for example, oxygen), or by releasing electrons (for example, Fe2 +).
- an agent that creates an electronic imbalance either by capturing electrons (for example, oxygen), or by releasing electrons (for example, Fe2 +).
- antioxidants a large number of substances of biomedical interest are grouped, and beneficial, in general for a large majority of living organisms, since their main function is to act as buffers of an electronic imbalance.
- antioxidants those substances that are of interest in aging and cancer processes, such as antioxidants: citric acid, ascorbic acid (vitamin C), glutathione, resveratrol, etc.
- they are substances that act as the pH indicators act, that is, they change their electronic conformation easily by gaining or losing electrons in the face of relatively small changes in the electronic balance of the environment in which they are found.
- the manufacture, or transport, or storage of these substances creating a veil of this type would be clearly improved. Later this veil could be collected, in a simple centrifugation process. This could be, for example, of great interest in biomedicine or in all those food sectors where the use of antioxidant substances added to food has been booming in recent years. Also in industrial sectors where substances very sensitive to oxidation are manufactured.
- this place of the technique may be occupied with other techniques such as manufacturing or vacuum packing, but in this case, the use of this type of yeast could mean a great cost reduction and in some cases an improvement in the quality of the product, since the implementation of the vacuum could have some impact on the product - at the time of producing it.
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Priority Applications (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU2010309705A AU2010309705A1 (en) | 2009-10-15 | 2010-10-15 | Vineyard culture method enabling the yeasts thereof to be obtained for high sugar and alcohol content fermentation |
JP2012533661A JP2013507142A (ja) | 2009-10-15 | 2010-10-15 | 高い糖度およびアルコールの含有量を得るための、その酵母を得ることのできるブドウ園培養法 |
US13/501,949 US20120258197A1 (en) | 2009-10-15 | 2010-10-15 | Vineyard culture method enabling the yeasts thereof to be obtained for high sugar and alcohol content fermentation |
CN2010800573592A CN102665389A (zh) | 2009-10-15 | 2010-10-15 | 能够获得用于高糖和酒精含量发酵的葡萄园酵母的葡萄园培养方法 |
BR112012008866A BR112012008866A2 (pt) | 2009-10-15 | 2010-10-15 | métodos de cultivo de vinhedos e obtenção de suas leveduras para fermentação de altos conteúdos de açúcar e álcool |
IL219176A IL219176A0 (en) | 2009-10-15 | 2012-04-15 | Vineyard culture method enabling the yeast thereof to be obtained for high sugar and alcohol content |
TNP2012000175A TN2012000175A1 (en) | 2009-10-15 | 2012-04-16 | Vineyard culture method enabling the yeasts thereof to be obtained for high sugar and alcohol content fermentation |
ZA2012/03525A ZA201203525B (en) | 2009-10-15 | 2012-05-15 | Vineyard culture method enabling the yeasts thereof to be obtained for high sugar and alcohol content fermentation |
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RU2506740C1 (ru) * | 2012-10-16 | 2014-02-20 | ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ НАУЧНОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ ВСЕРОССИЙСКИЙ НАУЧНО-ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКИЙ ИНСТИТУТ ВИНОГРАДАРСТВА И ВИНОДЕЛИЯ ИМЕНИ Я.И. ПОТАПЕНКО РОССИЙСКОЙ АКАДЕМИИ СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННЫХ НАУК ГНУ ВНИИВ и В | Состав субстрата для выращивания вегетирующих саженцев и сеянцев винограда |
FR3052786B1 (fr) * | 2016-06-16 | 2022-04-29 | Ab7 Ind | Procede de preparation d'un vin a faible degre alcoolique et fermenteur-desucreur pour sa mise en oeuvre |
IT201700005484A1 (it) * | 2017-01-19 | 2018-07-19 | Antonella Manuli | Procedimento per la produzione di uva e vino ottenuto da essa |
CN109666555A (zh) * | 2019-02-20 | 2019-04-23 | 湖北大学 | 一种转化高糖产品为酒精饮品的方法及应用 |
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- 2010-10-15 AU AU2010309705A patent/AU2010309705A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2010-10-15 US US13/501,949 patent/US20120258197A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2010-10-15 CN CN2010800573592A patent/CN102665389A/zh active Pending
- 2010-10-15 PE PE2012000501A patent/PE20130563A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2010-10-15 WO PCT/ES2010/000421 patent/WO2011048238A2/es active Application Filing
- 2010-10-15 KR KR1020127012582A patent/KR20120112402A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN111108946A (zh) * | 2020-01-13 | 2020-05-08 | 宁夏西鸽酒庄有限公司 | 一种回缩促壮架型改造技术 |
CN111108946B (zh) * | 2020-01-13 | 2021-10-29 | 宁夏西鸽酒庄有限公司 | 一种回缩促壮架型改造技术 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JP2013507142A (ja) | 2013-03-04 |
TN2012000175A1 (en) | 2013-12-12 |
BR112012008866A2 (pt) | 2019-09-24 |
ECSP12011894A (es) | 2012-08-31 |
PE20130563A1 (es) | 2013-05-31 |
CL2012000951A1 (es) | 2012-09-28 |
IL219176A0 (en) | 2012-06-28 |
CO6541601A2 (es) | 2012-10-16 |
CR20120246A (es) | 2012-11-23 |
ES2358402B1 (es) | 2012-03-21 |
KR20120112402A (ko) | 2012-10-11 |
CN102665389A (zh) | 2012-09-12 |
NI201200058A (es) | 2012-08-17 |
ZA201203525B (en) | 2013-01-31 |
ES2358402A1 (es) | 2011-05-10 |
DOP2012000109A (es) | 2012-09-15 |
WO2011048238A3 (es) | 2011-06-09 |
AU2010309705A1 (en) | 2012-06-07 |
US20120258197A1 (en) | 2012-10-11 |
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