WO2011032386A1 - 一种渗透泵型控释片及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种渗透泵型控释片及其制备方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011032386A1
WO2011032386A1 PCT/CN2010/072316 CN2010072316W WO2011032386A1 WO 2011032386 A1 WO2011032386 A1 WO 2011032386A1 CN 2010072316 W CN2010072316 W CN 2010072316W WO 2011032386 A1 WO2011032386 A1 WO 2011032386A1
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Prior art keywords
controlled release
osmotic pump
drug
release
layer
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PCT/CN2010/072316
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
姜庆伟
衣伟锋
刘全志
杨文斌
郑俊丽
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北京天衡药物研究院
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Application filed by 北京天衡药物研究院 filed Critical 北京天衡药物研究院
Priority to US13/496,454 priority Critical patent/US9005661B2/en
Priority to JP2012529099A priority patent/JP5600174B2/ja
Priority to EP10816590.3A priority patent/EP2478919A4/en
Priority to KR1020127008828A priority patent/KR101412401B1/ko
Publication of WO2011032386A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011032386A1/zh

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/0002Galenical forms characterised by the drug release technique; Application systems commanded by energy
    • A61K9/0004Osmotic delivery systems; Sustained release driven by osmosis, thermal energy or gas
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/30Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
    • A61K47/32Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. carbomers, poly(meth)acrylates, or polyvinyl pyrrolidone
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/20Pills, tablets, discs, rods
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/20Pills, tablets, discs, rods
    • A61K9/2072Pills, tablets, discs, rods characterised by shape, structure or size; Tablets with holes, special break lines or identification marks; Partially coated tablets; Disintegrating flat shaped forms
    • A61K9/2086Layered tablets, e.g. bilayer tablets; Tablets of the type inert core-active coat
    • A61K9/209Layered tablets, e.g. bilayer tablets; Tablets of the type inert core-active coat containing drug in at least two layers or in the core and in at least one outer layer

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an osmotic pump type controlled release tablet and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the field of pharmaceutical preparations.
  • the osmotic pump type controlled release preparation is a typical representative of the controlled release preparation. It is a preparation technology characterized by osmotic pressure as the release power and characterized by zero-order release kinetics. It has become a hot research topic at home and abroad. Among them, osmotic pump type controlled release tablets are the most common dosage form of oral osmotic pump type controlled release preparations. According to the structural characteristics, oral osmotic pump preparations can be divided into two categories: single chamber osmotic pumps and multi-chamber osmotic pumps. Single-chamber osmotic pumps are generally used for water-soluble drugs, consisting of a core and a coating film.
  • the core is composed of a drug and a highly permeable material, and the coating film is mostly a rigid semipermeable membrane formed of a polymer material such as cellulose acetate or ethyl cellulose.
  • the semipermeable membrane is usually laser or other means (such as mechanical force).
  • One or more drug delivery orifices are used as an output channel for the drug.
  • the hypertonic substance in the core dissolves to produce a high osmotic pressure, and a static pressure difference is formed outside the semipermeable membrane. Under this pressure difference, the drug suspension or solution flows out from the tablet, and the external moisture It flows into the tablet and the rate of moisture ingress is equal to the rate at which the suspension or solution of the drug flows out.
  • Single-chamber osmotic pump controlled release tablets are mainly suitable for water-soluble drugs, but not good for poorly water-soluble drugs, especially for poorly soluble drugs.
  • the release rate will not be constant due to the decrease in osmotic pressure at the end of drug release, but will become the same as the conventional sustained-release preparation, and the release rate will continue to decrease, and may even cause residue. Due to the above problems with the single chamber osmotic pump, a multi-chamber osmotic pump was subsequently developed.
  • the multi-chamber osmotic pump consists of at least two layers: a drug-containing layer and a booster layer, which respectively constitute a drug chamber and a power chamber, and the most widely used is a dual-chamber osmotic pump.
  • the drug-containing layer is composed of a drug and a penetration enhancer and a suspending agent
  • the boosting layer is composed of one or several swellable polymer materials and a penetration enhancer.
  • the osmotic pressure is kept constant, that is, the speed at which moisture can enter the core is constant, and the rate at which the polymer material swells is constant, maintaining a constant and constant osmotic pressure, and the release rate is constant.
  • the semi-permeable membrane can be extruded by the expanded boosting layer, unlike a single-chamber osmotic pump controlled release tablet that exhibits a penetration enhancer when delivering a poorly soluble drug. Separation from the drug, causing the drug to remain in the core.
  • the multi-chamber osmotic pump is suitable for various types of drugs, and it has a more obvious advantage in the delivery of poorly soluble drugs than the single-chamber osmotic pump controlled release tablets.
  • Most of the osmotic pump preparations that have been successfully marketed are double-chamber osmotic pump tablets.
  • Successful examples include the nifedipine double-chamber osmotic pump tablets developed by Bayer AG (Bai Xintong) and the osmotic pump from Alza, USA.
  • the verapamil hydrochloride controlled release tablets designed and developed on the basis of the system.
  • the dual-chamber osmotic pump preparation technology is currently the most mature and most suitable industrial production method for making poorly soluble drugs into osmotic pump type preparations. More than double chamber osmotic pump controlled release tablets, such as three-chamber osmotic pump controlled release tablets, due to the very cumbersome preparation process, and the performance is not obvious compared with the dual-chamber osmotic pump, so the application is less.
  • the important products of osmotic pump controlled release tablets listed abroad are shown in Table 1 below.
  • Semi-permeable membranes are important for the control of drug release in oral osmotic pump formulations. It must have the following conditions: sufficient wet strength (; wet strength); selectively permeable to water, but solute cannot penetrate; biocompatible.
  • An ideal semipermeable membrane should have the following characteristics:
  • Selective permeability It can effectively prevent water from entering the inside of the core, and can effectively prevent the penetration of active substances and drugs from the semi-permeable membrane inside the core;
  • high strength, high rigidity has a certain strength, to prevent the membrane from rupturing due to internal static pressure difference or core expansion, so that the release behavior suddenly changes. If the semi-permeable membrane has a certain tensile strength, the extrusion force generated by the expansion of the boosting layer is offset to some extent, and the release behavior is suddenly changed; 3, no aging: semi-permeable membrane will not age during the placement process (ie, the components in the semi-permeable membrane are more and more tightly combined), so that the permeability will change, making the placement stability of the sample worse;
  • the semi-permeable membrane must be transparent or translucent to facilitate identification of the drug-containing layer (pharmaceutical compartment) and the booster layer (power compartment) during laser drilling.
  • the most commonly used is cellulose acetate (CA), others such as ethyl cellulose (EC), etc.
  • CA cellulose acetate
  • EC ethyl cellulose
  • Table 1 It can also be seen from Table 1.
  • CA cellulose acetate
  • PEG polyethylene glycol
  • the semi-permeable membrane of the marketed Procardia XL was measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and the single cellulose acetate membrane and single PEG were compared.
  • DSC differential scanning calorimetry
  • the melting endothermic peak can be found that the semipermeable membrane used by Baixin is composed of CA+PEG6000 to release the drug release, and PEG plays the dual role of plasticizer and porogen.
  • osmotic pump type controlled release tablets prepared by using the commonly used semipermeable membrane materials (such as cellulose acetate/polyethylene glycol) have good release properties in a well-prepared period of time, but after storage for a period of time, The release performance begins to decline. The longer the storage time, the more obvious the decline. The release performance is often significantly reduced in the second half of the drug's prescribed period (usually about two years). It may even be impossible to release the drug after two years of delivery. .
  • the reason for the analysis is that PEG has both the opposite effects of plasticizer and porogen, which makes the placement stability of the osmotic pump sheet have hidden dangers.
  • PEG Since PEG has plasticizing effect, it will continuously combine with cellulose acetate during the process of placing, thereby reducing the dissolution ratio during the release process, reducing the pore-forming effect, causing the membrane permeability to decrease, and the release slowing down.
  • the term "Physical Aging" PEG with lower molecular weight is less stable due to its lower melting point.
  • diethyl phthalate as a plasticizer also has the same problem. In order to overcome the decline in release caused by aging, it is often necessary to over-feed (that is, to add an active ingredient exceeding the amount of addition calculated according to the amount of the identification) in order to ensure the release of the target within the validity period.
  • Ethylcellulose is a hydrophobic polymer material and has a wide range of applications in sustained release pellets. It is well known that the particle size of sustained-release pellets is generally between 0.5 and 2 mm. Such a small particle size inevitably results in a very large release surface area of a certain quality of the preparation product, and therefore, for a water-soluble drug, a sustained release preparation is prepared. A membrane with a relatively small permeability must be used. Ethyl cellulose has a unique advantage in the field of sustained-release pellets due to its low permeability, good film-forming property and easy regulation of release. It can effectively control drug release under conditions of low weight gain of coating. The drug of sustained-release pellets is mainly released in the form of dissolved diffusion.
  • the release rate decreases with the decrease of drug concentration, and the whole release process has a first-order or pseudo-first-rate rate; Poor drugs, drugs are difficult to release in the form of dissolved diffusion. If ethyl cellulose is used as the membrane, complex solubilization techniques must be used, which increases the difficulty of the process and makes the reproducibility worse. It often causes the sustained release pellets to produce large release residues or irregular release.
  • Ethyl cellulose is limited in its application to the semipermeable membrane of osmotic pumps due to its low permeability. Therefore, although ethyl cellulose is generally mentioned in the literature as a semipermeable membrane material for osmotic pumps, Not only is it not used in marketed osmotic pump formulations, but successful examples for osmotic pump formulations and good results have not been found in the literature. In addition to the above-mentioned reasons for the aging of the semipermeable membrane, the inventors have also found through research that the structure of the existing osmotic pump sheet is also an important cause of drug residue, especially for a double or multi-chamber osmotic pump sheet. .
  • the prior art double-chamber osmotic pump tablets are all small-curvature symmetric double-chamber osmotic pump tablets, that is, the two sides of the tablet are symmetric or substantially symmetrical, containing the drug layer and boosting
  • the outer surface of the layer ie, the upper and lower surfaces in Figure 1 is the same or substantially the same angle and ⁇ 2 with the sides and is smaller (generally less than 120°)
  • the core contains the outer surface of the drug layer (or
  • the ratio of the vertical distance from the center apex to the plane formed by the intersection of the upper surface and the side (as shown in Figure 1) and the core radius (as shown in Figure 1, denoted by r) (L!/r ) is also small (generally less than 0.27) (see Figure 1).
  • the boosting layer of the boosting layer is caused by the fact that the medicated layer on the edge of the core is hard to be squeezed by the boosting layer due to the small angle between the curved surface and the side of the drug-containing layer. Smoothly moving toward the release hole, so that the expansion of the boost layer tends to be in the center of the core, making the tablet containing the drug layer away from the center.
  • the drug at the edge position of the drug hole is not easily pushed out, and the ratio of the vertical distance of the plane formed by the intersection of the center apex of the upper surface to the intersection of the upper surface and the side surface and the core radius (I r ) is also small.
  • the boosting layer tends to break through the drug-containing layer and is extruded from the drug-releasing hole, so that the drug-containing layer remaining in the semi-permeable membrane cannot be continuously released, thereby causing a large drug residue.
  • the above two factors are: (1) the outer surface of the drug-containing layer (ie, the upper surface in FIG. 1) and the side surface The angle between the angle ⁇ 1 ; and ( 2 ) the vertical distance from the center vertex of the outer surface of the drug-containing layer (ie, the upper surface in FIG. 1 ) to the intersection of the upper surface and the side surface ( FIG.
  • the ratio of the ratio (I r) to the core radius (as shown in Figure 1, denoted by r) is consistent, that is, the angle is increased or decreased as compared with the ratio; and the surface of the drug-containing layer is not
  • the influence of the above factors (1) and (2) may not be synchronous and equivalent.
  • the factor (1) angle 9i value is more affected.
  • the release of the drug away from the edge of the central release orifice, and the factor (2) ratio Ir affects more whether the booster layer breaks through the drug-containing layer and is squeezed out of the release orifice.
  • the present invention provides an osmotic pump type controlled release sheet capable of maintaining stable release performance without being restricted by storage time.
  • semi-permeable membranes use a combination of ethyl cellulose and povidone as a semi-permeable membrane forming material, which can overcome the aging phenomenon and use these two components as a half.
  • the osmotic pump type controlled release sheet of the membrane material can maintain stable release performance during its effective period.
  • we unexpectedly found that the semipermeable membrane combined with ethyl cellulose and povidone has almost all the characteristics of the above-mentioned ideal semipermeable membrane.
  • Ethyl cellulose is used in combination with povidone, usually as a film-forming material for sustained-release pellets, and no semi-permeable membrane for osmotic pump-type controlled release tablets has been reported so far. The reason is that the release mechanisms of the two dosage forms are inconsistent, and thus the technical problems to be solved are also different.
  • the release mechanism of sustained-release pellets is based on the diffusion principle. Since the particle size of the sustained-release pellets is very small, a preparation unit often contains hundreds or thousands of pellets, so the surface area is large, and the purpose of membrane controlled release is to provide A suitable release surface area, so that the drug is slowly released, its release characteristics are in accordance with the Higuchi equation.
  • the osmotic pump type controlled release tablet according to the present invention is based on the principle of osmotic pressure, and the purpose thereof is to use a suitable semipermeable membrane to control moisture into the membrane, but the drug cannot be released through the semipermeable membrane, but must be from the prior
  • the released drug release hole is released, and its release behavior conforms to the zero-order release kinetics. Therefore, the two mechanisms are different, the release characteristics are different, and the way to solve the problem is different.
  • ethyl cellulose and povidone are used as semi-permeable membrane-forming materials, and the larger the proportion of povidone in the semi-permeable membrane-forming material, the greater the membrane permeability and the faster the release. The greater the weight gain of the coating, the greater the membrane diffusion resistance and the slower the release.
  • the membrane permeability is too high to cause the release too fast, and if the ratio of povidone is too small, the membrane is passed.
  • the permeability is too low to release too slowly, or the permeability of the semipermeable membrane is too sensitive to change with the weight gain of the coating, making the process difficult to control.
  • the weight ratio of ethyl cellulose to povidone may be 1:1-4:1, preferably the weight ratio of the two is 1.5:1-3:1, at which time the permeability of the membrane is for most drugs. The words are moderate.
  • the weight gain of the semipermeable membrane if the weight gain is too small, the film is too thin to cause the film to break during the release process; if the weight gain is too large, the film is too thick, resulting in a long process and poor economy.
  • the weight gain of the coating can be selected from 5% to 25%, and the weight gain of the semipermeable membrane is preferably from 8% to 15%.
  • the weight ratio of ethyl cellulose to povidone and the weight gain of the semipermeable membrane can be considered comprehensively.
  • the proportion of povidone can be appropriately reduced or the weight gain of the coating can be increased; Conversely, if the release is slow, the proportion of povidone may be appropriately increased or the weight gain of the coating may be reduced.
  • a simple test can specifically determine the weight ratio of ethylcellulose/povidone and the appropriate value of coating weight gain.
  • the present invention provides a method of preparing the above-described osmotic pump type controlled release sheet, which comprises encapsulating a semipermeable membrane using ethyl cellulose and povidone as a film forming material on the core.
  • the weight ratio of ethylcellulose to povidone in the semipermeable membrane is from 1:1 to 4:1, preferably from 1.5:1 to 3:1.
  • the semipermeable membrane may be, if necessary, It contains other excipients commonly used in semipermeable membranes, such as porogens.
  • the present invention provides the use of a composition comprising ethylcellulose and povidone for the preparation of a semipermeable membrane in an osmotic pump type controlled release tablet.
  • the composition may optionally contain a solvent, in addition to ethyl cellulose and povidone, including an organic solvent such as ethanol, acetone or chloroform, or a certain proportion of an organic solvent-aqueous solution, preferably ethanol and ethanol.
  • aqueous solution preferably ethanol and ethanol.
  • Aqueous solution may contain other excipients commonly used in semipermeable membranes for improved performance, such as porogens.
  • the above composition is usually formulated into a coating liquid in the preparation process of the osmotic pump type controlled release tablet, and is wrapped by the coating process to the outside of the core. After the solvent is removed by heat treatment, it is present in the form of a semipermeable membrane. Pump type controlled release tablets.
  • ethyl cellulose and povidone as semi-permeable membrane forming materials according to the present invention is not only suitable for single-chamber osmotic pump controlled release tablets, but also particularly suitable for double-chamber or multi-chamber osmotic pump controlled release tablets.
  • one or more release orifices can be placed on any surface, while for dual- or multi-chamber osmotic pump controlled release tablets, one is usually placed on the surface of the drug-containing layer. Or multiple release holes, usually one release hole.
  • the semipermeable membrane made of the combination of ethyl cellulose and povidone of the invention is applied to the osmotic pump type controlled release sheet, which has the typical characteristics of the zero-stage release of the osmotic pump controlled release sheet, and the storage stability.
  • the release rate remains basically unchanged after long-term storage, and even under extreme conditions (temperature 40 ° C, 60 ° C, humidity RH 75%, 92.5%), its release characteristics remain keep it steady. Since the release rate is substantially stable during the life of the drug, no excessive dosing is required in the preparation of the formulation.
  • the inventors provide a new dual or multi-layer osmotic pump controlled release tablet. Based on the above findings of the inventors' defects in drug residues caused by the existing osmotic pump sheet structure, the inventors have made the following improvements:
  • the curvature of the outer surface of the drug-containing layer in the core can be increased.
  • the curvature of the bilateral outer surface of the drug-containing layer and the boost layer (for a symmetric double-layer sheet) or the curvature of the outer surface of the side containing the drug layer can be increased (for an asymmetric double-layer sheet) In terms of).
  • the angle between the outer surface of the drug-containing layer (ie, the upper surface in FIG. 1) and the side surface 9i (see FIG. 1) is significantly increased to form a "funnel effect".
  • the drug-containing layer at the edge of the core is more likely to be moved by the protrusion of the semi-permeable membrane containing the drug layer toward the front of the funnel (release hole), and the center of the drug-containing layer is caused by the protrusion of the large curvature. Thickening is more helpful in preventing the booster layer from breaking through the drug-containing layer and directly from the drug release hole (see Figure 2). Our study found that tablets with an angle of 6!
  • the drug rate is obviously smaller than the tablet with an angle of 150°, and the final cumulative release of the former is also significantly smaller ( ⁇ 90%), and there is a larger residue (greater than 10%); with the angle of 6 1
  • the residue is less than 10% from 120°, and the final cumulative release is greater than 95% at 130°.
  • the angle 9 1 increases to about 150°, the residue is 3.1. %, as the angle continues to increase to 180°, the release rate changes little, the drug release is near complete, and the residual amount is approximately constant.
  • 6 is 130 to 170, and most preferably about 150, in view of the fact that an excessive angle may cause difficulty in demolding the pressed core. As shown in Fig.
  • the horizontal cross section of the core is generally circular, but may be elliptical or other shapes such as regular polygons, but is preferably circular or elliptical.
  • the angle referred to in the present invention is the angle between the tangent and the side of the surface of the core of the core of the core at a certain intersection with the side; when the horizontal cross-section is elliptical, the angle is ⁇ refers to the angle between the tangent and the side of the longitudinal surface of the medicated layer on the longitudinal plane of the ellipse long axis;
  • the angle 6 1 refers to the outer surface of the medicated layer in the regular polygon The angle between the tangent and the side at the vertex; when the horizontal cross section is other shapes, the angle 6i refers to the tangent of the outer surface of the drug-containing layer at the longitudinal plane passing through the core of the core and the vertex at the farthest point from the center of gravity The angle between the
  • the above definition of the pair is of course applicable to the definition of ⁇ 2 (ie, the angle between the outer surface of the boost layer and the side surface, see FIG. 1 ).
  • the ratio of the vertical distance (1 ⁇ ) to the core radius (r) of the plane formed by the center vertex of the outer surface of the drug-containing layer to the intersection of the outer surface of the drug-containing layer and the side surface (hereinafter referred to as the ratio of the value of the interpretation)
  • the amount of drug residue also has a great influence. As the ratio increases, the center thickness of the drug-containing layer increases, which can effectively resist the impact of the boost layer.
  • the expansion force of the boosting layer is reduced, and the possibility that the semipermeable membrane is broken due to expansion is reduced, thereby avoiding drug release and release unevenness.
  • the angle between the outer surface of the drug-containing layer and the side surface is more favorable for forming a "funnel effect", the advantages of which are as described above.
  • the ratio I r of the present invention may be 0.27-1.0, preferably 0.36-0.84, more preferably about 0.58.
  • r refers to a radius of a circle; when the horizontal cross section of the drug-containing layer is elliptical, r refers to an ellipse Long semi-axis long; when the drug-containing layer is horizontal
  • r refers to the distance from the vertex of the regular polygon to the center of symmetry; when the horizontal cross section of the drug-containing layer is other shapes such as a polygon, r refers to the center of gravity of the polygon and the vertex farthest from the center of gravity
  • the outer surface of the drug-containing layer as shown in Figure 1, the upper surface
  • the outer surface of the boost layer as shown in Figure 1, the lower surface
  • take different curvatures ie no The symmetrical type scheme can bring great convenience to the production process.
  • the asymmetry scheme has an angle of the outer surface and the side of the medicated layer compared with the symmetrical type with the same curvature of the upper and lower surfaces. 1
  • the release resistance of the drug is relatively close, and the release rate is roughly equivalent.
  • the symmetry type is adopted, it is in the prior art.
  • the drug-containing layer must be distinguished from the boost layer by different colors during the production process, and equipped with an image-recognizable laser punch for identification, accurately in the drug-containing layer.
  • the boosting layer can be extruded and can be extruded from one side of the boosting layer, thereby affecting the thrust of the boosting layer and the rate of drug release, so that the laser is punched in one step.
  • the cost is as high as the existing symmetrical dual chamber osmosis pump.
  • the symmetrical type osmotic pump with double curvature and large curvature since the shape is close to a spherical shape, it is easy to roll, and it is easy to sway when it is conveyed on the conveyor belt of the punching machine, thereby increasing the difficulty of punching.
  • the asymmetric double-chamber osmotic pump sheet can distinguish the drug-containing layer and the boost layer in the shape due to the difference in curvature between the two sides.
  • the drug-containing layer can be automatically turned upward without an image recognition system.
  • the process cost of laser drilling is greatly reduced, and the release effect is consistent with the symmetric large curvature double-layer sheet, and is smoothly placed on the conveyor belt, and the hole is easier to be hit in the middle when the laser is punched, which is more favorable for the smooth release of the medicine. .
  • This solution of asymmetric curvature therefore has particular advantages.
  • the large curvature drug-containing layer osmotic pump piece of the present invention is more apt to release the drug than the existing small curvature osmotic pump piece, and thus the assisting force of the boosting layer and the deformation of the drug-containing layer.
  • the requirements are greatly reduced.
  • the existing osmotic pump tablets adopt high-molecular-weight polyoxyethylene (having a molecular weight of more than 5 million) which is high in swelling as a boosting material, and use a low molecular weight polyoxyethylene (molecular weight of 200,000) to increase the drug-containing layer in the drug-containing layer.
  • the deformability makes it advantageous for it to be extruded from the release orifice.
  • polyoxyethylene is more expensive; its stability is poor, storage conditions are harsh, storage temperature is -18 °C, even if it is not more than 1.5 years, such harsh storage conditions make it after preparation
  • the stability of storage at room temperature is a hidden danger.
  • the molecular chain of high molecular weight polyoxyethylene will continually break, becoming a low molecular weight polyoxyethylene, and its swelling ability will be reduced, and the boosting ability will be reduced, resulting in a larger amount of drug residues. This is one of the reasons why the controlled release tablets of osmotic pumps are not widely used.
  • the osmotic pump controlled release sheet having the above-mentioned curvature specificity of the present invention it is not necessary to use polyoxyethylene to increase the thrust and deformability, thereby avoiding the problems of forming the vertical side, the discontinuity of the semipermeable membrane, and the strength reduction, and the like. Significantly reduce production costs.
  • the osmotic pump controlled release sheet having the above curvature characteristics has the following significant advantages as the prior art osmotic pump controlled release sheet: the drug residue is small; the boosting force and the drug-containing layer of the boost layer The deformation requirements of the layer are greatly reduced, and the auxiliary materials with better stability and cheaper price can be used; the precision requirements for the tablet press Inferior.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective structural view of a double-layer osmotic pump sheet of the present invention; wherein, the angle between the outer surface of the drug-containing layer (ie, the upper surface) and the side surface is ⁇ 1 ; the outer surface of the boost layer (ie, the lower surface) The angle between the side surface and the side surface is ⁇ 2 , and the vertical distance from the center vertex of the outer surface of the drug-containing layer to the plane formed by the intersection of the outer surface of the drug-containing layer and the side surface is the center vertex of the outer surface of the boost layer.
  • the vertical distance of the plane formed by the intersection line of the outer surface of the booster layer and the side surface is L 2 .
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view showing an asymmetric double-layer osmotic pump sheet of the present invention.
  • ⁇ 2 , L and R are as defined above.
  • the present invention first provides a novel osmotic pump controlled release preparation having one or more advantages of good drug release stability, small release residue, and low production cost.
  • an osmotic pump type controlled release tablet in which ethyl cellulose and povidone are used as a film-forming material of a semipermeable membrane.
  • the weight ratio of ethylcellulose to povidone as the film-forming material is from 1:1 to 4:1, preferably from 1.5:1 to 3:1.
  • the structure of the novel osmotic pump controlled release tablet of the present invention comprises a core and a semipermeable membrane wrapped around the core of the tablet, the core of the tablet being composed of a pharmaceutically active ingredient and optionally a penetration enhancer, a filler, a boosting agent, a cosolvent, Lubricant, binder, etc., semi-permeable membrane in addition to ethyl cellulose and povidone, can also contain other polymer materials, plasticizers and porogens, etc., semi-permeable membranes have a small release Hole, the drug is released from the small hole.
  • the penetration enhancer may be selected from one or more of sucrose, sorbitol, mannitol, glucose, lactose, fructose, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, magnesium sulfate, potassium sulfate or sodium sulfate; May be selected from the group consisting of mannitol, lactose, microcrystalline cellulose, sucrose, sodium chloride, starch, cellulose, dextrin, pregelatinized starch, hydrogen phosphate One or more of calcium, polyvinylpyrrolidone, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose and sodium salts thereof, methylcellulose, or ethylcellulose; Selected from methylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, polyoxyethylene, carbomer, sodium carboxymethyl starch, carboxymethylcellulose and its sodium salt, or crosslinked carboxymethyl One or more of pharmaceutically acceptable swelling materials such as sodium cellulose; the co-solvent includes sodium decyl sulfate, polox
  • the pharmaceutically active ingredient which can be used in the preparation of the present invention is not limited, and for example, may be selected from cardiovascular drugs such as nifedipine, felodipine, erradiidipine, nimodipine, prazosin hydrochloride, and polyoxalate mesylate.
  • cardiovascular drugs such as nifedipine, felodipine, erradiidipine, nimodipine, prazosin hydrochloride, and polyoxalate mesylate.
  • diabetes treatment drugs such as glipizide
  • anti-allergic drugs such as pseudoephedrine hydrochloride
  • anti-asthmatic drugs such as salbutamol
  • Other drugs that are clinically suitable for use as a sustained release formulation are clinically suitable for use as a sustained release formulation.
  • the semipermeable membrane is formed by a coating process, and the coated core has a weight gain of 5% to 25% relative to the coating, preferably a coating weight gain of 8% to 15%.
  • the core comprises a drug-containing layer and a boost layer, wherein:
  • the ratio of the vertical distance from the central vertex of the outer surface of the drug-containing layer to the plane formed by the intersection of the outer surface of the drug-containing layer and the side surface is 0.27-1.0.
  • the outer surface of the drug-containing layer forms an angle 6i with the side surface of 130°-170°, and/or the ratio Ir is 0.36-0.84.
  • the outer surface of the drug-containing layer forms an angle 6 with the side surface of 150°, and/or the center vertex of the outer surface of the drug-containing layer to the drug-containing Layer surface surface and
  • the ratio of the vertical distance 1 ⁇ of the plane formed by the intersection lines of the sides to the core radius r is 0.58.
  • the outer surface of the drug-containing layer forms an angle 6i with the side surface of 120°-180°, and/or the center vertex of the outer surface of the drug-containing layer to the the drug layer side surface of the outer surface and the line of intersection of a plane perpendicular to the ratio of the distance from the core radius r is formed to 0.27-1.0; and the side surface of the outer curved surface of the push layer 92 formed by an angle of 95 ° -120 And/or the ratio of the vertical distance L 2 of the plane vertices of the outer surface of the boosting layer to the plane formed by the intersection of the outer surface of the boosting layer and the side surface L 2 /r is 0.04 - 0.27. That is, an asymmetric double-layer osmotic pump controlled release sheet was formed at this time.
  • the angle ⁇ of the outer surface of the medicated layer and the side surface is about 150°, and the center apex of the outer surface of the medicated layer to the outer surface of the medicated layer plane perpendicular distance 1 ⁇ tablet core radius r and the ratio of / r of about 0.58 and the intersecting line of the side surface is formed; and the outer surface and the side surface of the push layer is formed by an angle 62 of 95 ° -120 °
  • the ratio of the vertical distance L 2 of the plane vertices of the outer surface of the boosting layer to the plane formed by the intersection line of the outer surface of the boosting layer and the surface of the core is L 2 /r is 0.04-0.27.
  • the core is composed of a drug-containing layer and a boosting layer, and the boosting layer contains a boosting agent and a filler, and optionally other excipients.
  • the present invention also provides a method for preparing the osmotic pump type controlled release preparation of the present invention, which comprises coating the topsheet of the controlled release tablet with ethylcellulose and povidone as a preform.
  • a semipermeable membrane of membrane material In one embodiment, the weight ratio of ethylcellulose to povidone is from 1:1-4:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of ethylcellulose to povidone is from 1.5:1 to 3:1.
  • the semipermeable membrane is formed by a coating process, and the core after coating has a weight gain of 5% to 25%, preferably a coating weight gain of 8% to 15%.
  • the method of preparation includes punching a surface having a large curvature when compressing the drug-containing layer.
  • a punch having a relatively large curvature surface is employed in compressing the drug-containing layer, and a punch having a relatively small curvature surface is employed in pressing the boost layer.
  • the "large curvature surface” and the “small curvature surface” are relative to each other, and those skilled in the art should be able to understand the meaning thereof, and can make selections and judgments according to actual conditions, for example, in the case of the present invention,
  • the "large curvature surface” may mean that the angle between the outer curved surface of the drug-containing layer (or the boost layer) and the side surface 9 (or ⁇ 2 ) is greater than or equal to, for example, 120°, such as 130°-170° or 150°. .
  • the "small curvature surface” may mean an angle ⁇ 2 between the outer surface of the boost layer (or the drug-containing layer) and the side surface (or ⁇ 120° or less, for example, 95°-120
  • the coated tablet can be dried in a drying oven for more than 12 hours, and then used on the coated tablet.
  • the laser is provided on the side of the drug-containing layer with one or more drug delivery orifices having a diameter of 0.1-1.5 mm (preferably 0.3 mm-0.8 mm).
  • the double laminator can be replaced with a large curvature punch, and the undershoot is a small curvature punch, which has the advantage of being reduced.
  • the angle from which the core is pushed out of the middle template is easy to push out.
  • the present invention provides the use of a composition comprising ethylcellulose and povidone for the preparation of a semipermeable membrane of an osmotic pump type controlled release tablet.
  • Examples 1A-1D are osmotic pump controlled release tablets made of a combination of the ethylcellulose and povidone of the present invention, and controlled release of the osmotic pump of the prior art, using felodipine as an example. The sheets were subjected to comparative studies; Examples 2A-2B are osmotic pump controlled release sheets of semipermeable membranes made from the combination of ethylcellulose and povidone of the present invention, as an example, in the prior art. Pump controlled release tablets were compared.
  • Examples 3A-3C are based on glipizide.
  • the aging phenomenon and stability problems of the semipermeable membranes in the prior art and the comparative properties of the membrane materials of the present invention were respectively studied.
  • Example 4 Taking nifedipine as an example, a double chamber osmotic pump controlled release sheet using the prior art and the present invention, respectively, has a different angle and a degree of release comparison;
  • Example 5 is a symmetric type of the present invention. Comparison of the release of asymmetric double-chamber osmotic pump controlled release tablets.
  • Example 1A Commercially available felodipine controlled release tablets
  • the release rate was determined according to the USP30 USP30 standard for the release of felodipine, and the current release rate (2 months after delivery) and natural conditions were measured for 6 months, 12 months, and 24 months ( The release rate is based on the date of manufacture. The results are as follows: Table 2 Release of commercially available felodipine controlled release tablets at different storage times
  • Example 1B A felodipine controlled release tablet using cellulose acetate and polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a film forming material 1.
  • the core is a two-layer film, one layer is a drug-containing layer, and the other layer is a boost layer.
  • the preparation process is as follows:
  • Felodipine is passed through a 100 mesh sieve, sodium decyl sulfate is crushed through a 100 mesh sieve, and sodium chloride is crushed through an 80 mesh sieve;
  • the drug-containing layer particles are obtained.
  • the two parts of the granules were punched into a double layer with an 8 mm circle.
  • Coating sini-permeable membrane: The core is placed in a multi-functional coating machine, the spraying speed is 3 ⁇ 5ml/min, and the coating weight is increased to 12-13%.
  • Heat treatment heat treatment at 40 ° C, 60 ° C for 16h, 24h, 48h.
  • Example 1C olilopipine controlled release tablets using ethyl cellulose and povidone as semipermeable membrane forming materials 1.
  • Coating (semi-permeable membrane): The core is placed in a multi-functional coating machine, the spraying speed is 3 ⁇ 5ml/min, and the coating prescription 1 coating weight gains to 16-17%, coating prescription 2 coating weight gain to 14-15%, coating prescription 3 coating weight gain to 11-12%
  • Heat treatment heat treatment at 40 ° C, 60 ° C for 16h, 24h, 48h.
  • Laser drilling Use a laser punch to punch the tablet from the side of the drug-containing layer with a hole diameter of 0.3-0.7 mm.
  • felodipine controlled release tablets are quite stable during the placement process, and are comparable to the in vitro release of felodipine sustained release tablets (Poiding@) produced by AstraZeneca. Since the felodipine according to the present invention is an osmotic pump controlled release preparation, the controlled release sheet needs to pass through the water to enter the core of the core ⁇ dissolution, penetration promotion ⁇ a relatively long process of expanding the polymer material to generate thrust, so
  • Example 1D Ethylcellulose and polyethylene glycol-4000 as semi-permeable membrane forming materials for controlled release of felodipine
  • composition of the coating liquid See the following table 14:
  • Embodiment 1B The specific operation and detection method of this embodiment can be implemented by referring to Embodiment 1B.
  • Example 2A Controlled release of salbutamol sulfate using cellulose acetate and polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a membrane material 1.
  • Salbutamol sulfate is passed through a 100 mesh sieve
  • the prescribed amount of cellulose acetate and PEG4000 are weighed and dispersed in acetone/water solution;
  • Heat treatment heat treatment at 60 ° C for 16 hours.
  • Laser drilling The hole is punched with a laser punch on the side where the tablet is made, with a hole diameter of 0.3 to 0.7 mm.
  • Film coating Take the punched tablets and increase the weight to 4.0-5.0%.
  • Example 2B Controlled release tablets of salbutamol using ethyl cellulose and povidone as semipermeable membrane forming materials
  • Controlled release film prescription See Table 20 below.
  • film coating solution prescription same as the example 2A
  • the preparation process the same as the example 2A, only the semi-permeable membrane coating liquid preparation process is different, as follows: Weigh the prescribed amount of ethyl cellulose N-100 and PVP k30 dispersed in anhydrous ethanol / water solution; completely dissolved.
  • the semipermeable membrane composed of ethyl cellulose and povidone also shows good in single-chamber osmotic pump controlled release tablets.
  • the thermal stability is moderate to the membrane permeability adjustment, so that the coating weight gain requirement is reduced during the coating, and the production feasibility is high, for example, the coating prescription 5, the coating weight gain is in the range of 9.6 to 10.5%.
  • the difference in release data is small and quality control is facilitated in production.
  • Example 3A Commercially available glipizide sustained release tablets
  • Example 3B Glyprazine controlled release using cellulose acetate and polyethylene glycol (PEG) as film forming materials
  • Glipizide is passed through a 100 mesh sieve
  • Heat treatment heat treatment at 40 ° C for 16 hours.
  • Example 3C Glipizide Controlled Release Tablets Using Ethylcellulose and Povidone as Film Forming Materials
  • the preparation process of the semipermeable membrane coating liquid is as follows:
  • Example 3B The prescribed amount of ethyl cellulose and PVP k30 are weighed and dispersed in an ethanol-water solution; Heat treatment conditions: 14 hours at 40 ° C and 14 hours at 60 ° C, respectively.
  • the other parts of the preparation process are the same as in Example 3B, wherein the weight gain of the coating is shown in Table 30.
  • the samples with different weight gains of coating have good long-term stability under different heat treatment conditions, and the release degree can control the transparency of the membrane by changing the weight ratio of ethyl cellulose and povidone. Sex and change of coating weight gain in two ways, because the film does not exist in the process of aging, so the different weight gain of different films showed good stability. In addition, since the film does not age during the placement process, the release residue is small, so that no excessive dosing is required.
  • the shape of the tablet in the above Examples 1-3, except the commercially available glipizide sustained release tablets (Rui Yining@) in Example 3A, are the most common in the prior art.
  • the shape, that is, the angle of the drug-containing layer and the ratio of Ir, and the ratio of the angle ⁇ 2 and L 2 /r of the boost layer are about 110° and 0.18; compared with the commercially available glipizide sustained-release tablets ( Rui Yi Ning @)
  • the measured angle and ratio are slightly larger, about 115-119 ° and
  • Symmetrical shape, angle of the drug-containing layer ⁇ 1 and Ll/r and the angle of the boost layer ⁇ 2 and L2/r are both about 115-119° and 0.22-0.26.
  • the samples were placed at 40 ° C, 60 ° C, RH 75 % RH 92.5 %, and light (45001x), and samples were taken on the 5th and 10th day of the stakeout.
  • Release detection method and standard According to the imported drug standard X20010169 of nifedipine controlled release tablets (Bai Xintong), the specific methods are as follows: Avoid the light operation, take this product, take the dissolution test method (Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2000 version 2 appendix XC page second method) Put the film into the metal basket.
  • HPLC conditions using octadecyl silicon germanium bonded silica as a filler, adding a guard column, acetonitrile-methanol-water (20:30:50) as mobile phase, detection wavelength 265nm, theoretical plate number calculated according to nifedipine peak Not less than 5000.
  • each of the above two solutions was taken to 10 ⁇ l, and injected into a liquid chromatograph to determine the peak area according to the law.
  • the content of nifedipine at different times in each test piece was calculated by an external standard method, and each piece of the product was at 4.
  • the amount of dissolution for 12 and 24 hours should be 5% to 17%, 43% to 80% and 85% or more of the labeled amount, respectively.
  • the results are shown in Table 35:
  • Heat treatment heat treatment at 40 ° C for 16 hours.
  • Laser drilling The side of the tablet containing the drug layer is perforated with a laser perforator with a pore size of about 0.5 mm.
  • the measurement method is the same as that of the example 4A, and the results are shown in Table 38.
  • the preparation process of the semipermeable membrane coating liquid is as follows:
  • Example 4B Weigh the prescribed amount of ethyl cellulose and PVP k30 in ethanol; stir and dissolve completely.
  • the other part of the preparation process was the same as in Example 4B, in which the coating weight gain was 14.5-14.8%.
  • Example 4B using cellulose acetate and PEG6000 as a semipermeable membrane-forming material, it can be seen that when both are newly prepared preparations, at the angles S i and I In the case where the r ratio is large, the release residue of the semipermeable membrane-forming material of the present invention and the residue of the embodiment 4B are small, but at an angle ⁇ ! When the ratio of Ir is small, the residual amount of Example 4B is larger.
  • the above-mentioned tablets having an angle of ⁇ ⁇ / ⁇ ratio of 150° (0.58) were stored at room temperature for a long period of time, and the release studies were carried out for different storage and placement times. The results are shown in Table 41 below.
  • Example 4C The procedure is the same as in Example 4C.
  • the symmetric core core-containing layer angles 9 1 and 1 ⁇ 1 /1" and the boost layers ⁇ 2 and L 2 /r are both 135° (0.41), and the coating weight gain is 14.0%. 15.4%;
  • the asymmetric drug-containing layer angles 6 1 and 1 ⁇ /1 are 135° (0.41),
  • the boosting layers ⁇ 2 and L 2 /r are 110° (0.18), and the coating weight gain is 14.2. %, 15.1%.
  • III. Release test The measurement method is the same as that of Example 4A, and the results are shown in Table 42.
  • the long-term placement at room temperature showed that the release performance in the storage chamber changed little, and the release residue did not increase substantially.
  • the experimental results of the present embodiment show that the simultaneous use of the new semipermeable membrane forming material of the present invention and the larger drug-containing layer angle and Ir ratio can not only reduce the release residue of the controlled release sheet, but also effectively ensure long-term After the storage is placed, the residual residue is not substantially increased, is basically not aged, and is completely released without excessive feeding.

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Description

一种渗透泵型控释片及其制备方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种渗透泵型控释片及其制备方法, 属于药物制剂领域。
背景技术
渗透泵型控释制剂作为缓控释制剂的典型代表, 是以渗透压作为释药动力, 以零级释放动力学为特征的一种制剂技术, 已成为目前国内外研究开发的热点。 其中, 渗透泵型控释片是口服渗透泵型控释制剂中最常见的剂型。 按照结构特点,可以将口服渗透泵制剂分为两类: 单室渗透泵和多室渗透泵。 单室渗透泵一般用于水易溶性药物, 由片芯和包衣膜两部分组成。片芯由药物和 高渗透性物质组成,包衣膜多是由醋酸纤维素或乙基纤维素等高分子材料形成的 刚性半透膜, 半透膜上通常用激光或其他方式(如机械力)打一个或多个释药小 孔作为药物的输出通道。使用时片芯中的高渗性物质溶解后产生高渗透压, 与半 透膜外形成静压差,在此压力差作用下药物混悬液或溶液从片剂中向外流出,而 外部水分向片剂内流入,并且水分进入的速度与药物的混悬液或溶液流出的速度 相等。单室渗透泵控释片主要适用于水溶性好的药物,对水溶性不好的药物则效 果不好, 尤其是不适用于难溶性药物。 另外, 单室渗透泵由于结构所限, 释药末 期会由于渗透压下降导致释放速度不再恒定,而是变得与普通缓释制剂一样,释 放速度不断下降, 甚至可能产生残留。 由于单室渗透泵存在上述问题, 因此随后 多室渗透泵被开发出来。 多室渗透泵至少由两层组成: 含药层和助推层, 分别构成药室和动力室, 最 广泛使用的是双室型渗透泵。含药层由药物和渗透促进剂及助悬剂组成,助推层 由一种或几种可溶胀的高分子材料及渗透促进剂组成。使用时,水分由半透膜进 入到片芯, 使得含药层吸水软化, 而助推层的高分子材料吸水膨胀, 对药室产生 挤压, 使药物由释药小孔释放。保持渗透压恒定, 即能保持水分进入片芯的速度 恒定, 进而使高分子材料吸水膨胀的速率恒定, 维持持久恒定的渗透压, 达到释 药速率恒定。此外, 无论药物以溶液还是混悬液形式存在, 均可被膨胀的助推层 挤压出半透膜,而不像单室渗透泵控释片在递送难溶性药物时,会出现渗透促进 剂与药物分离,从而致使药物残留在片芯的现象。所以多室渗透泵适用于各种类 型的药物,与单室渗透泵控释片相比,其在难溶性药物递送方面有着更加明显的 优势。 目前成功上市的渗透泵制剂大多为双室渗透泵片。成功实例包括德国拜耳 公司开发的硝苯地平双室型渗透泵片(拜新同 )以及美国 Alza公司在此渗透泵 系统基础上设计开发的盐酸维拉帕米控释片。双室渗透泵制剂技术是目前将难溶 性药物制成渗透泵型制剂的最为成熟、最适宜工业化生产的方法。多于双室的渗 透泵控释片, 例如三室型渗透泵控释片, 由于制备工艺非常繁琐, 而性能上较之 双室渗透泵并没有明显优势, 因此应用较少。国外上市的渗透泵控释片重要产品 如下表 1所示。
国外上市的渗透泵控释片重要产品
Figure imgf000004_0001
半透膜在口服渗透泵制剂中对药物释放的控制相当重要。它必须具备的条件 有: 足够的湿润强度(; wet strength); 可选择性透过水, 但溶质无法穿透; 具生物 相容性 (biocompatible)。 理想的半透膜应该具有如下特征:
1、 具备选择透过性: 既能有效使水进入片芯内部, 又能有效阻止片芯内部 的渗透活性物质及药物由半透膜扩散释放;
2、 强度高、 刚性大: 具有一定强度, 防止由于内部的静压差或片芯膨胀使 膜破裂从而使释放行为突然改变。如果半透膜具备一定的拉伸强度就会在一定程 度上抵消助推层膨胀产生的挤出力, 从而不使释放行为突然改变; 3、 不老化: 半透膜不会在放置过程中老化 (即半透膜中的各组分结合越来 越紧密), 使通透性随之改变, 使样品的放置稳定性变差;
4、 半透膜必须是透明或半透明的, 便于激光打孔时识别含药层 (药室) 和 助推层 (动力室)。 最普遍使用的是醋酸纤维素 (CA), 其它如乙基纤维素 (EC)等虽然也有文献 提到可用于渗透泵的膜衣, 但是单独的乙基纤维素对水的渗透性较低,所以效果 较差, 一直未被应用在渗透泵控释片的生产中 (S. Rose and J.F. Nelson, Aust. J. Exp. Biol. Med. Sei., 1995, 33,415。) 由表 1也可以看出, 目前国外上市的多种渗 透泵型控释片重要产品均采用 CA作为半透膜材料。 不同包衣材料的半透膜, 对水的渗透性不同。这与膜的穿透系数 k有关, 现 在使用的半渗透膜材料多为醋酸纤维素(CA), 通常向其中加入增塑剂来调节其 渗透速度。 亲水性的增塑剂聚乙二醇(PEG)可增加药物的释放速度, 而疏水性 的增塑剂甘油三乙酸酯则具有相反作用。
例如, 通过差示扫描量热仪 (DSC)对上市的 Procardia XL (拜新同@, 硝 苯地平控释片) 的半透膜进行测定, 同时比对单一醋酸纤维素膜及单一 PEG, 由熔融吸热峰可以发现拜新同使用的半透膜由 CA+PEG6000组成来控释药物释 放, 其中 PEG起到增塑剂及致孔剂的双重作用。
我们发现, 采用目前常用的半透膜材料(例如醋酸纤维素 /聚乙二醇)制备的 渗透泵型控释片在刚制备好的一段时间内,其释放性能良好,然而储存一段时间 后, 其释放性能开始下降, 储存时间越长, 下降越明显, 往往在药品规定的有效 期(一般两年左右)的后半期, 释放性能明显下降, 甚至可能在出厂两年后根本 就无法释放出药物来。 分析原因, 是因为 PEG同时兼具增塑剂及致孔剂这两种 相反的作用, 使得渗透泵片的放置稳定性存在隐患。 由于 PEG具有增塑作用, 在放置的过程中会不断与醋酸纤维素结合, 从而减少在释放过程中的溶解比例, 使致孔作用降低,造成膜通透性下降,使释放变慢,通俗的说法即为老化(Physical Aging) 分子量较低的 PEG由于熔点较低, 热稳定性就更差。 使用邻苯二甲酸 二乙酯作为增塑剂也具有同样的问题。为了克服老化带来的释放下降,往往需要 过量投料 (即在制备时加入超过按标识量计算得到的加入量的有效成分), 才能 保证有效期内的释放达标。 例如, 我们研究发现, 将市售的格列吡嗪控释片分别放置在 40°C、 60°C、 RH75 %、 RH92.5 %的条件下进行影响因素考察, 结果表明释放度均明显降低; 我们在膜减重实验中发现,与未在上述条件下进行加速试验的样品对比,各放置 条件下膜相对于第 0天的减重均有明显降低,说明膜的通透性降低, 即在上述放 置条件下, 半透膜均出现不同程度的老化。
乙基纤维素是一种疏水性的高分子材料, 在缓释微丸中有非常广泛的应用。 众所周知, 缓释微丸的粒径一般在 0.5-2mm之间, 如此小的粒径必然导致一定 质量的制剂产品具有非常大的释药表面积,因此对于水溶性药物而言要制成缓释 制剂必须采用通透性相对较小的膜。 乙基纤维素由于其通透性小、成膜性好、便 于对释放进行调节等特点在缓释微丸领域有着独特的优势,能够在包衣增重较小 的条件下有效控制药物释放。缓释微丸的药物主要以溶解扩散的形式释放,适合 于水溶性较好的药物,一般会随着药物浓度的下降释放速率下降, 整个释放过程 呈一级或假一级速率;但是对于水溶性较差的药物,药物很难以溶解扩散的形式 释放, 如果选用乙基纤维素作为膜材, 则必须釆用复杂的增溶技术, 这就增加了 工艺的难度,使重现性变差,往往会造成缓释微丸产生较大的释药残留或释药无 规律。
乙基纤维素正是由于其渗透性偏低的原因,限制了其在渗透泵半透膜方面的 应用, 因而尽管一般文献中均提到乙基纤维素可以作为渗透泵半透膜材料,但是 不仅上市的渗透泵制剂中没有使用,文献中也没有发现用于渗透泵制剂并达到良 好效果的成功实例。 除了上述的半透膜老化的原因以外,本发明人通过研究还发现,现有渗透泵 片的结构也往往是造成药物残留的一个重要原因,尤其是对于双室或多室渗透泵 片而言。 以双室渗透泵片为例,通常现有技术中的双室渗透泵片均属于小曲率对 称型双室渗透泵片, 即片剂的两面是对称或大体对称的,含药层和助推层的外表 曲面 (即图 1中的上、 下表面) 与侧面所成的夹角 9和 θ2相同或大体相同且均 较小 (一般小于 120° ), 片芯含药层外表曲面 (或称上表面) 中心顶点至所述 上表面与侧面的相交线所形成平面的垂直距离 (如图 1, 以 表示) 与片芯半 径(如图 1, 以 r表示) 的比值(L!/r)也较小 (一般小于 0.27) (参见图 1 )。 正 是由于这种结构造成了助推层的助推死角,即由于含药层外表曲面与侧面的夹角 较小,使得片芯边缘的含药层很难受到助推层的挤压从而无法顺利向释药孔方向 移动,从而助推层的膨胀更趋向于片芯中央方向,使得片剂含药层中远离中央释 药孔的边缘位置处的药物不易被推出,并且由于所述上表面中心顶点至所述上表 面与侧面的相交线所形成平面的垂直距离与片芯半径之比值 (I r) 也较小, 因 而助推层往往会突破含药层从释药孔挤出,使残留在半透膜内的含药层无法持续 释放, 从而造成较大的药物残留。 需要说明的是,对于含药层外表曲面属于规则球面的一部分的渗透泵片剂来 说, 上述两个因素: 即 (1 )含药层外表曲面 (即图 1中的上表面) 与侧面所成 的夹角 θ1 ; 和 (2)含药层外表曲面 (即图 1中的上表面) 中心顶点至所述上表 面与侧面的相交线所形成平面的垂直距离(如图 1 , 以^表示)与片芯半径(如 图 1 , 以 r表示) 的比值 (I r) 的变化是一致的, 即夹角 与比值 是同样 增大或减小的;而对于含药层外表曲面不属于规则球面而是属于近似球面或椭球 面的一部分的情形而言, 上述因素(1 )和(2) 的影响可以不是同步和同等程度 的, 换言之, 因素 (1 )夹角 9i值更多影响到远离中央释药孔的边缘位置处的药 物的释放, 而因素 (2) 比值 I r则更多影响到助推层是否会突破含药层从释药 孔挤出。 发明内容 根据申请人的上述发现, 渗透泵型控释片的现有技术中主要存在三种缺陷: ( 1 ) 半透膜因成分相结合而老化导致膜通透性降低; 和 /或 (2) 含药层外表曲 面与侧面所成的夹角 过小; 以及(3 )含药层外表曲面中心顶点至所述含药层 外表曲面与侧面的相交线所形成平面的垂直距离与片芯半径的比值(I r)过小。 本发明正是针对为解决现有技术中的上述一种或多种缺陷而做出的。 在第一个方面,本发明提供了一种能够不受储存时间限制而始终保持稳定的 释放性能的渗透泵型控释片。我们经过对半透膜材料的仔细研究和选择,意外地 发现,半透膜采用乙基纤维素和聚维酮组合作为半透膜成膜材料, 可以克服老化 现象,采用这两种成分作为半透膜材料的渗透泵型控释片, 能够在其有效期内保 持释放性能稳定。通过对比研究, 我们出乎意料地发现, 乙基纤维素和聚维酮组 合的半透膜, 几乎具备了上述理想半透膜的所有特征。 对比试验表明,在同样的片芯的情况下,采用常用的其他半透膜材料包衣而 得到的渗透泵控释片, 例如采用醋酸纤维素 +聚乙二醇、 乙基纤维素 +聚乙二醇 作为半透膜包衣, 均不同程度地存在老化现象; 与之相比, 由本发明所述的采用 乙基纤维素和聚维酮组合作为半透膜成膜材料的渗透泵控释片, 消除了老化现 象, 能够在药物制剂的有效期内提供稳定的释放性能。 乙基纤维素和聚维酮联用,通常是作为缓释微丸的成膜材料, 至今没有见到 用于渗透泵型控释片的半透膜的报道。究其原因,在于两种剂型的释放机理不一 致, 因而要解决的技术问题也不同。缓释微丸的释药机理是基于扩散原理, 由于 缓释微丸的粒径很小,一个制剂单位内往往包含成百上千个微丸, 因而表面积很 大, 膜控释的目的在于提供合适的释药表面积, 从而使药物缓慢释放, 其释放特 性符合 Higuchi方程。 其中最关键的一点在于, 此时的膜并不是半透膜, 因为不 仅水能进入,药物也能经此释放出来。而本发明所说的渗透泵型控释片是基于渗 透压原理,其目的是如何采用合适的半透膜来控制水分进入膜内,但药物不能透 过半透膜来释放,而是必须从预先打好的释药孔来释放,其释放行为符合零级释 放动力学。因此,二者机理不同,释放特性不同,解决问题的方式也不同。并且, 考虑到乙基纤维素自身的渗透性偏低,因此采用乙基纤维素和聚维酮的组合作为 渗透泵型控释片的半透膜成膜材料以有效地克服半透膜老化现象的这一结论相 当出乎我们的意料。 根据本发明,采用乙基纤维素和聚维酮作为半透膜成膜材料,在半透膜成膜 材料中聚维酮占的比例越大, 膜通透性就越大, 释放就越快; 包衣增重越大, 膜 扩散阻力就越大, 释放就越慢。其中, 对于乙基纤维素和聚维酮组合而言, 如聚 维酮的比例过大,则膜通透性过高导致释放过快,反之,如果聚维酮的比例过小, 则膜通透性太低释放过慢,或半透膜的通透性随包衣增重变化过于敏感,使工艺 难于控制。 一般可以选择乙基纤维素和聚维酮的重量比为 1 :1-4:1, 优选二者的 重量比为 1.5: 1-3: 1, 此时膜的通透性对大多数药物而言比较适中。对于半透膜的 包衣增重而言,如增重过小则膜过薄容易导致释放过程中膜破裂的危险; 如增重 过大则膜过厚导致工艺冗长, 经济性差。 一般包衣增重可以选择为 5%-25%, 优 选半透膜的包衣增重为 8%-15%。可以将乙基纤维素与聚维酮的重量比和半透膜 的包衣增重这两者综合考虑,如释放偏快,则可以适当减小聚维酮的比例或增加 包衣增重; 反之, 如释放偏慢, 则可以适当增加聚维酮的比例或减小包衣增重。 因而, 对于具体药物而言, 本领域技术人员可以根据上述指导, 结合药物的溶解 性, 经简单试验即可具体确定乙基纤维素 /聚维酮的重量比以及包衣增重的合适 数值。 此外,本发明还提供了一种制备上面所述的渗透泵型控释片的方法,所述方 法包括在片芯外包裹采用乙基纤维素和聚维酮作为成膜材料的半透膜。其中在所 述半透膜中乙基纤维素和聚维酮的重量比为 1 :1-4:1, 优选为 1.5: 1-3: 1。 上述半透膜中除采用乙基纤维素和聚维酮作为成膜材料外,如有必要,还可 以含有常用于半透膜的其他辅料, 例如致孔剂。 此外,本发明还提供了包含乙基纤维素和聚维酮的组合物用于制备渗透泵型 控释片中半透膜的用途。所述组合物除含有乙基纤维素和聚维酮外,还可以任选 地含有溶剂, 包括乙醇、 丙酮、 二氯甲垸等有机溶剂或一定比例的有机溶剂-水 溶液, 优选乙醇和乙醇-水溶液。 如有必要, 还可以含有其他常用于半透膜的辅 料, 用于改善性能, 例如致孔剂。 上述组合物在渗透泵型控释片的制备过程中, 通常配成包衣液的形式, 并通过包衣过程包裹到片芯外, 经热处理除去溶剂后, 以半透膜的形式存在于渗透泵型控释片中。 本领域技术人员可以按照渗透泵型控释片的公知技术,对本发明所述渗透泵 型控释片中的其他辅料进行选择,并且按照渗透泵型控释片的公知技术来进行具 体操作, 例如混合、 制粒、 压片、 包衣等。 本发明所述的采用乙基纤维素和聚维酮作为半透膜成膜材料,不仅适用于单 室渗透泵控释片,而且尤其适用于双室或多室渗透泵控释片。对于单室渗透泵控 释片来说,可在任意面上打一个或多个释药孔,而对于双室或多室渗透泵控释片 来说, 一般在含药层所在面上打一个或多个释药孔, 通常打一个释药孔。 本发明的釆用乙基纤维素和聚维酮组合制成的半透膜应用于渗透泵型控释 片, 使其具备渗透泵控释片零级释药的典型特征, 同时在储藏稳定性方面, 避免 了半透膜的老化,不仅长期储存后释放速度依然基本保持不变,而且即便在极端 条件下 (温度 40°C、 60 °C , 湿度 RH75%、 92.5%), 其释放特性依然保持稳定。 由于在药品的有效期内释放度基本稳定, 因而在制备制剂时也无需过量投料。 在第二个方面中,本发明人提供了一种新的双层或多层渗透泵控释片。基于 本发明人对于现有渗透泵片结构造成药物残留的缺陷的上述发现,本发明人进行 了如下改进:
首先, 可根据流体力学原理, 增大片芯中含药层外表曲面的曲率。具体地, 可增大含药层和助推层双侧外表曲面的曲率(对于对称型双层片而言)或仅增大 含药层一侧外表曲面的曲率 (对于不对称型双层片而言)。 通过增大含药层外表 曲面的曲率, 即显著增大含药层外表面 (即图 1 中的上表面) 与侧面的夹角 9i (见附图 1 ), 形成 "漏斗效应", 使片芯边缘的含药层更易受到助推层挤压后沿 含药层面半透膜的突起向漏斗前方(释药孔)移动, 同时含药层一侧由于大曲率 的突起使含药层中心部位加厚,更加有助于防止助推层突破含药层直接从释药孔 挤出 (如附图 2)。 我们研究发现, 在相同释放条件下, 夹角 6!为 110°的片剂释 药速率明显要小于夹角 ^为 150°的片剂, 且前者的最终累积释药量也明显较小 (<90%), 且存在较大残留 (大于 10%); 随着夹角61的不断增大, 释药残留量 不断减小, 从 120°开始残留小于 10%, 130°开始最终累积释药量大于 95%, 当 夹角 91增大到约 150°时, 残留为 3.1%, 随着角度继续增大到 180°, 其释放速率 变化很小, 药物释放已接近完全, 残留量近似恒定。考虑到过大的角度有可能导 致压好的片芯脱模有困难, 故优选 6 为 130°-170°, 最优选约 150°。 如图 1所示, 片芯的水平横切面通常为圆形, 但也可以为椭圆形或其它形 状如正多边形, 但优选为圆形或椭圆形。 当水平横切面为圆形时, 本发明所称的 夹角 为片芯含药层外表曲面在与侧面某交点处的切线与侧面间的夹角; 当水 平横切面为椭圆形时, 夹角 θ 指的是含药层外表曲面在椭圆长轴所在纵切面上 的切线与侧面间的夹角; 当水平横切面为正多边形时, 夹角 61指的是含药层外 表曲面在正多边形顶点处的切线与侧面间的夹角; 当水平横切面为其他形状时, 夹角 6i指的是含药层外表曲面在通过片芯重心和距此重心最远处顶点的纵切面 的切线与侧面间的夹角。需要说明的是,上述对于 的定义也当然适用于对于 θ2 (即助推层外表曲面与侧面间的夹角, 参见图 1 ) 的定义。 另外, 我们发现, 含药层外表曲面中心顶点至所述含药层外表曲面与侧面 的相交线所形成平面的垂直距离(1^ )与片芯半径(r)的比值(以下称比值 对释药残留量也有很大影响。 随着该比值增大, 含药层的中心厚度增加, 可有效 抵御助推层的冲击,距离增加的同时增大了助推层膨胀的空间,使半透膜受到助 推层的膨胀力减少, 降低了半透膜因膨胀而破裂的可能性, 因此避免药物突释和 释放不均匀。另外随着该比值的增大,一般情况下也可直接增大了含药层外表曲 面与侧面间的夹角 更有利于形成 "漏斗效应", 其优点如前所述。 本发明所 述比值 I r可以为 0.27-1.0, 优选为 0.36-0.84, 更优选约 0.58。 对于所述片芯半 径 r来说, 当含药层水平横切面为圆形时, r指的是圆形的半径; 当含药层水平 横切面为椭圆形时, r指的是椭圆的长半轴长; 当含药层水平横切面为正多边形 时, r指的是正多边形顶点至对称中心的距离; 为含药层水平横切面为其他形状 例如多边形时, r指的是所述多边形重心与距所述重心最远的顶点间的距离。 另外, 我们还发现, 对含药层外表曲面 (如图 1所示, 即上表面) 和助推 层外表曲面 (如图 1所示, 即下表面) 采取不同的曲率 (即不对称型方案), 可 以给生产过程带来极大的便利。研究结果表明, 所述不对称方案与上、下表面曲 率相同的对称型方案相比, 在含药层外表曲面与侧面夹角 61相同的情况下, 药 物的释放阻力较为接近, 其释药速率大致相当。 当采用对称型时, 与现有技术中 的对称型双层渗透泵片剂一样,在生产过程中必须使用不同颜色将含药层与助推 层区分开, 并配备可图像识别的激光打孔机进行识别, 准确地在含药层打孔; 如 果在含药层和助推层双侧都打孔,则助推层膨胀后可由助推层一侧孔挤出, 从而 影响助推层推力和释药速率,因而激光打孔一步的成本和现有对称型双室渗透泵 片一样高。对于双侧大曲率的对称型渗透泵, 由于外形接近球形,极易发生滚动, 在打孔机的传送带上传送时极易发生晃动,从而增加了打孔的困难。而不对称型 双室渗透泵片由于两侧曲率差异较大,可以在外形上区分含药层和助推层,在震 动过程中可以使含药层自动朝上,无需图像识别系统, 因而可极大降低激光打孔 的工艺成本,而释放效果和对称型大曲率双层片一致, 并且在传送带上输送时平 稳放置, 激光打孔时孔较易打在正中间, 更有利于药品平稳释放。 因此这种不对 称曲率的方案具有特别的好处。 此外, 本发明所述的大曲率含药层渗透泵片, 由于与现有小曲率渗透泵片 相比更易于助推释放药物,因而对助推层的助推力和含药层的变形性要求大大降 低。 现有渗透泵片均采用膨胀性较高的高分子量的聚氧乙烯 (分子量一般大于 500万) 作为助推材料, 在含药层使用低分子量的聚氧乙烯 (分子量 20万) 增 加含药层的变形性, 使其有利于其从释药孔挤出。众所周知, 聚氧乙烯价格较昂 贵; 其稳定性很差, 储藏条件苛刻, 储藏温度为 -18 °C, 即使如此, 其有效期也 不超过 1.5年, 如此苛刻的储藏条件使其在制成制剂后在室温条件下储藏的稳定 性成为隐患。在室温条件下, 高分子量的聚氧乙烯其分子链会不断地断裂, 成为 低分子量的聚氧乙烯, 其膨胀能力会随之降低, 助推能力下降, 进而造成药物的 更大量的残留。这也是造成渗透泵控释片未广泛应用的原因之一。另外在实际应 用聚氧乙烯的过程中,我们发现其优异的变形性往往会使颗粒在压制片芯时产生 难以去除的竖边,这是由于冲头与中模板之间存在微小缝隙,聚氧乙烯优异的变 形性使其在压制过程中进入缝隙,形成竖边。 由于聚氧乙烯韧性较大使用普通筛 片机无法将其去除, 在后续的包衣过程中造成半透膜不连续, 强度下降等现象, 无法制备合格样品。因此使用聚氧乙烯制备渗透泵控释片对压片机的精度要求较 高,因而造成生产成本的增加。而采用具有本发明上述曲率特定的渗透泵控释片, 则可不必使用聚氧乙烯来增加推力和变形性,从而可以避免上述形成竖边、半透 膜不连续、 强度下降等问题, 还可以大大降低生产成本。 综上所述,具有上述曲率特点的渗透泵控释片与现有技术中的渗透泵控释片 相比, 具有如下显著优点: 药物残留很少; 对助推层的助推力和含药层的变形性 要求大大降低,可以使用稳定性更好且价格更便宜的辅料; 对压片机的精度要求 低等。
附图说明
参考以下附图, 将更容易地理解本发明。本领域技术人员将会理解, 以下附 图仅出于举例说明的目的。这些附图并非旨在以任何方式限制本发明的范围。其 中:
图 1是本发明的一种双层渗透泵片的透视结构示意图; 其中, 含药层外表曲 面(即上表面)与侧面之间的夹角为 θ1 ; 助推层外表曲面(即下表面)与侧面之 间的夹角为 θ2,含药层外表曲面的中心顶点至所述含药层外表曲面与侧面的相交 线所形成平面的垂直距离为 助推层外表曲面的中心顶点至所述助推层外表 曲面与侧面的相交线所形成平面的垂直距离为 L2。 图中当 θ^θζ时, 为对称型双 层片; 当 Θ Θ2时, 为不对称型双层片; 在现有技术中, 通常 6^120°。 图 2是本发明的一种不对称型双层渗透泵片的纵剖结构示意图。其中, θ2, L和 R如上述定义。 具体实施方式
以下通过多个具体实施方式和实施例来详细说明本发明,应当理解,这些实 施例和实施方式并不限制本发明的保护范围。本领域技术人员根据前述有关本发 明的有关教导,结合本领域公知技术和惯用手段对本发明所做出的任何改进和调 整, 均在本发明的保护范围内。 本发明首先提供了具有药物释放稳定性好、释放残留量小、生产成本低的一 种或多种优点的新型渗透泵控释制剂。 在本发明的一个实施方案中, 提供了一种渗透泵型控释片, 其中采用乙基 纤维素和聚维酮作为半透膜的成膜材料。在另一个实施方案中,所述作为成膜材 料的乙基纤维素和聚维酮的重量比为 1 :1〜4:1, 优选为 1.5: 1〜3:1。 本发明所述新型渗透泵控释片的结构包含片芯和包裹在片芯外的半透膜, 片芯由药物活性成分以及任选的促渗剂、 填充剂、助推剂、助溶剂、润滑剂、 粘 合剂等组成,半透膜除含有乙基纤维素和聚维酮外,还可以含有其它高分子材料、 增塑剂和致孔剂等, 半透膜上开有释药小孔, 药物从小孔中释放。 所述促渗剂可选自蔗糖、 山梨醇、 甘露醇、 葡萄糖、 乳糖、 果糖、 氯化钠、 氯化钾、 硫酸镁、 硫酸钾或硫酸钠中的一种或多种; 所述填充剂可选自甘露醇、 乳糖、 微晶纤维素、 蔗糖、 氯化钠、 淀粉、 纤维素、 糊精、 预胶化淀粉、 磷酸氢 钙、聚乙烯吡咯垸酮、羟丙基甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素及其钠盐、甲基纤维素、 或乙基纤维素中的一种或多种; 所述助推剂可选自甲基纤维素、 羟丙基纤维素、 羟丙基甲基纤维素、聚氧乙烯、卡波姆、羧甲基淀粉钠、羧甲基纤维素及其钠盐、 或者交联羧甲基纤维素钠等医药上可接受的膨胀材料中的一种或多种;所述助溶 剂包括十二垸基硫酸钠、 泊洛沙姆、 聚乙二醇、 聚维酮、 聚乙二醇 15羟硬脂酸 酯、 吐温 80、 羟丙基 β-环糊精、 聚氧乙烯蓖麻油、 聚氧乙烯氢化蓖麻油或卵磷 脂中的一种或多种; 所述润滑剂可选自硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸锌、 单硬脂 酸甘油酯、硬脂富马酸钠、聚氧乙烯单硬脂酸酯、单月桂蔗糖酸酯、 月桂醇硫酸 钠、 月桂醇硫酸镁、十二垸基硫酸镁或滑石粉中的一种或多种; 所述粘合剂可选 自聚乙烯吡咯垸酮、羟丙基甲基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素及其钠盐、 甲基纤维素、 乙基纤维素或聚维酮中的一种用或多种; 所述润湿剂可选自水、无 水乙醇、 各种浓度的乙醇-水溶液; 所述增塑剂可选自甘油、 丙二醇、 聚乙二醇、 柠檬酸三乙酯、癸二酸二丁酯、邻苯二甲酸酯类或聚乙二醇中的一种或多种; 所 述致孔剂可选自羟丙基纤维素、 羟丙甲基纤维素、 甲基纤维素、 甘油、 丙二醇、 聚乙二醇、 蔗糖、 甘露醇、 乳糖或氯化钠中的一种或多种。 可用在本发明制剂中的药物活性成分不受限制,例如可选自心血管类药物, 如硝苯地平、 非洛地平、 依拉地平、 尼莫地平、 盐酸哌唑嗪、 甲磺酸多沙唑嗪、 盐酸地尔硫革、 洛伐他汀、 美托洛尔等; 糖尿病治疗药物, 如格列吡嗪等; 抗过 敏类药物, 如盐酸伪麻黄碱等; 抗哮喘类药物, 如沙丁胺醇等; 以及其他临床上 适于制成缓控释制剂的药物。 在本发明的一个实施方案中, 所述半透膜通过包衣工艺形成, 包衣后的片 芯相对于包衣前增重 5%~25%, 优选包衣增重为 8%~15%。 在本发明的另一个实施方案中, 所述片芯包含含药层和助推层, 其中:
( 1 )所述含药层的外表曲面与侧面所成的夹角 91为 120°-180°, 和 /或
(2)所述含药层外表曲面的中心顶点至所述含药层外表曲面与侧面的相交 线所形成平面的垂直距离 与片芯半径 r的比值 为 0.27-1.0。 在本发明的又一个实施方案中,所述含药层的外表曲面与侧面所成的夹角 6i 为 130°-170°, 禾口 /或所述比值 I r为 0.36-0.84。 在本发明的一个更优选的实施方案中,所述含药层的外表曲面与侧面所成的 夹角 6 为 150°, 和 /或所述含药层外表曲面的中心顶点至所述含药层外表曲面与 侧面的相交线所形成平面的垂直距离 1^与片芯半径 r的比值 为 0.58。
在本发明的又一个实施方案中,所述含药层的外表曲面与侧面所成的夹角 6i 为 120°-180°, 和 /或所述含药层外表曲面的中心顶点至所述含药层外表曲面与侧 面的相交线所形成平面的垂直距离 与片芯半径 r的比值 为 0.27-1.0; 并且 所述助推层的外表曲面与侧面所成的夹角 92为 95°-120°, 和 /或所述助推层外表 曲面的中心顶点至所述助推层外表曲面与侧面的相交线所形成平面的垂直距离 L2与片芯半径 r的比值 L2/r为 0.04-0.27。即此时形成了不对称型的双层渗透泵控 释片。
在本发明的另一个具体实施方案中,所述含药层的外表曲面与侧面所成的夹 角 0i为约 150°, 所述含药层外表曲面的中心顶点至所述含药层外表曲面与侧面 的相交线所形成平面的垂直距离 1^与片芯半径 r的比值 /r为约 0.58; 并且所 述助推层的外表曲面与侧面所成的夹角 62为 95°-120°, 所述助推层外表曲面的 中心顶点至所述助推层外表曲面与侧面的相交线所形成平面的垂直距离 L2与片 芯半径 r的比值 L2/r为 0.04-0.27。
对于本发明的双层渗透泵型控释片而言, 片芯由含药层和助推层组成, 所 述助推层包含助推剂和填充剂以及任选的其它辅料。 相应地, 本发明还提供了制备本发明所述渗透泵型控释制剂的方法, 所述 方法包括在所述控释片的片芯外包裹上釆用乙基纤维素和聚维酮作为成膜材料 的半透膜。 在其中的一个实施方案中, 所述乙基纤维素和聚维酮的重量比为 1 :1-4:1。 在另一个实施方案中, 所述乙基纤维素和聚维酮的重量比为 1.5:1〜3: 1。 在又一个实施方案中, 所述半透膜通过包衣工艺形成, 包衣后的片芯增重 5%-25%, 优选包衣增重为 8%-15%。 在所述制备方法的另一个实施方案中, 所述制备方法包括在压制含药层时 釆用大曲率表面的冲头。在所述制备方法的又一个实施方案中,包括在压制含药 层时采用相对大曲率表面的冲头, 在压制助推层时采用相对小曲率表面的冲头。 本文中的所述 "大曲率表面"和 "小曲率表面"是相对的, 本领域技术人 员应该能够理解其含义, 并可根据实际情况做出选择和判断, 例如, 在本发明的 情况下, 所述"大曲率表面"可以意为含药层(或助推层)的外表曲面与侧面所 成的夹角9 (或 θ2)大于等于例如 120°, 如 130°-170°或 150°。 同样, 所述 "小 曲率表面"可以意为助推层(或含药层)的外表曲面与侧面所成的夹角 θ2 (或 Θ 小于等于 120° , 例如为 95°-120 在本发明的制备方法中, 在半透膜的包衣步骤完毕后可将包衣片置于干燥 箱中干燥热处理 12h以上,然后在包衣片上用激光在含药层一侧打一个或多个直 径为 0.1-1.5mm (优选为 0.3mm-0.8mm) 的释药小孔即得。 在本发明的一个具体的制备不对称型双室渗透泵制剂的实施方案中, 可将 双层压片机上冲更换为大曲率冲头,下冲为小曲率冲头,其优点在于可减小片芯 从中模板中推出的角度, 易于片芯推出。 此外, 在本发明的另一个实施方案中, 本发明和提供了包含乙基纤维素和 聚维酮的组合物用于制备渗透泵型控释片的半透膜的用途。
实施例
在以下实施例中,实施例 1-3是针对半透膜的膜组成对药物释放作用的研究; 实施例 4-5是针对本发明的 Θ角和 L/r值对药物释放作用的研究。 其中: 实施例 1A-1D是以非洛地平为例, 对由本发明的乙基纤维素和聚维 酮组合制成的半透膜的渗透泵控释片与现有技术中的渗透泵控释片进行了对比 研究; 实施例 2A-2B是以硫酸沙丁胺醇为例, 对由本发明的乙基纤维素和聚维 酮组合制成的半透膜的渗透泵控释片与现有技术中的渗透泵控释片进行了对比 研究; 实施例 3A-3C是以格列吡嗪为例, 分别研究了现有技术中的半透膜的老 化现象和稳定性问题以及本发明膜材料的对比性能; 实施例 4 是以硝苯地平为 例,对分别采用现有技术和本发明的双室渗透泵控释片在具有不同 角度和 且的释放度对比研究;实施例 5是本发明的对称型和不对称型双室渗透泵控释片 的释放情况比较。 实施例 1 非洛地平渗透泵控释片的对比研究
实施例 1A: 市售非洛地平控释片
生产厂家: 合肥立方制药有限公司
批号: 070503
规格: 5mg
该批市售非洛地平控释片的生产日期为 2007年 5月。
释放度的检测:按照美国药典 USP30中非洛地平缓释片标准来测定释放度, 分别测定其当前释放度 (出厂 2个月)和自然条件放置 6个月、 12个月、 24个 月 (均以出厂日期起计) 的释放度, 结果如下表: 表 2市售非洛地平控释片不同储存时间的释放度
含层助推层药
Figure imgf000016_0001
实验结果表明,市售非洛地平控释片的释放度在初期很好,放置 6个月后发 现有一定下降, 随时间延长, 膜老化严重, 释放下降更加明显, 12个月时已经 不合格了。
实施例 1B: 采用醋酸纤维素和聚乙二醇(PEG)作成膜材料的非洛地平控释片 1、 处方
1.1片芯处方 (1000片量) 见下表 3
表 3 实施例 IB片芯处方 (1000片量)
组成 用量
非洛地平 适 ώ 4 63 ¾ 51 "
乳糖 60g
氯化钠 100g
十二烷基硫酸钠 15g
羧甲基纤维素钠 20g
微晶纤维素 10g
0.2%没食子酸正丙酯 10%PVPK30 95%乙醇 适量
PVPK30 5g
硬脂酸镁 3g
羟丙甲纤维素 K4M
微晶纤维素
氯化钠
氧化铁红
8%PVP k30 70%乙醇
PVP 30
硬脂酸镁
1.2包衣液处方组成: 见表 4。 表 4 实施例 1B包衣液处方
组成 用量
醋酸纤维素 12g 聚乙二醇 -6000 5
丙酮 700ml
乙醇 250
水 50ml
2、 制备工艺
2.1片芯制备工艺: 片芯为双层片, 一层为含药层, 另一层为助推层。
制备工艺如下:
含药层:
(1) 非洛地平过 100目筛、十二垸基硫酸钠粉碎过 100目筛, 氯化钠粉碎过 80目筛;
(2)称取处方量的非洛地平、 氯化钠、 十二垸基硫酸钠、 微晶纤维素、 羧甲 基纤维素钠,置湿法制粒机中混合均匀;
(3)用 0.2%没食子酸正丙酯 10%PVP k30 95%乙醇溶液制软材;
(4)过 24目筛制粒, 40°C干燥, 过 24目筛整粒;
(5)加入处方量的硬脂酸镁混合均匀;
即得含药层颗粒。
助推层:
(1)氯化钠粉碎过 80目筛;
(2)称取处方量的羧甲基纤维素 K4M、 微晶纤维素、 氯化钠、 氧化铁红, 置 湿法制粒机中混合均匀;
(3)用 8%PVP k30 70%乙醇溶液制软材;
(4)过 24目筛制粒, 40°C干燥, 过 24目筛整粒;
(5)加入处方量的硬脂酸镁混合均匀;
即得助推层颗粒。
将两部分颗粒用 8mm圆冲压成双层片。
2.2. 半透膜制备工艺
称取处方量的醋酸纤维素加入处方量乙醇溶解;将处方量的聚乙二醇 -6000、 加入到处方量乙醇和水中搅拌溶解完全,将两溶液混合, 搅拌均匀即得。
2.3.包衣(半透膜):将片芯置多功能包衣机中包衣,喷液速度为 3~5ml/min, 包衣增重至 12-13%。
2.4. 热处理: 40°C、 60°C热处理 16h、 24h、 48h。
2.5.激光打孔:使用激光打孔机将片剂从含药层一侧打孔,孔径 0.3-0.7mm。 3、 释放度的检测: 方法同实施例 1A。
3.1不同条件热处理后释放结果, 见下表 5 :
表 5 不同条件热处理后释放结果
Figure imgf000018_0001
上述结果表明, 使用醋酸纤维素和聚乙二醇 (PEG) 作成膜材料的非洛地 平控释片, 随着热处理温度升高、热处理时间增加,膜老化加剧,释放不断下降。
3.2 长期储存后的释放度检测: 取热处理条件为 40°C-16h的样品, 分别测 定其释放度 (0个月)和自然条件放置 6个月、 12个月、 24个月的释放度, 结 果如下表 6:
表 6 长期储存后的释放度检测结果
Figure imgf000018_0002
实验结果表明, 采用最常用的醋酸纤维素和聚乙二醇 (PEG) 作成膜材料 的非洛地平控释片的释放度在初期很好,放置 6个月后有一定下降,随时间延长, 膜老化严重, 释放下降更加明显, 24个月时已经不合格了。
4、 膜减重实验
实验方法: 将片芯的半透膜从片芯上剥离, 除去残留在其上面的片芯粉末, 称重, 放入含有 500ml蒸馏水的溶出杯中, 37°C, 按中国药典 2005版附录溶出 度测量一法 (转篮法) 50rpm, 分别于 lh, 2h取样, 50°C烘干, 放置至室温, 称重。 计算减重比。
计算公式: 膜减重百分比 (%) =WT/W0 X 100 %
WT: 不同取样时间点烘干后的膜重量; WQ: 膜的初始重量, 结果见下表 7: 表 7 长期储存后的膜减重结果
含层助推层药
Figure imgf000019_0001
膜减重实验结果说明, 随着放置时间的延长, PEG与醋酸纤维素的结合率 不断增加, 致使可溶解的 PEG部分逐渐降低, 使膜的通透性逐渐下降, 释放速 率逐渐降低, 这表明膜老化始终伴随着醋酸纤维素 -PEG的半透膜。
实施例 1C采用乙基纤维素和聚维酮作为半透膜成膜材料的非洛地平控释片 1、 处方
1. 1片芯处方 (1000片量): 见表 8
表 8 实施例 1C片芯处方 (1000片量):
组成 用量
非洛地平 5g~
乳糖 60g
氯化钠 100g
十二烷基硫酸钠 15g
羧甲基纤维素钠 20g
微晶纤维素 10g
0.2%没食子酸正丙酯 10%PVPK30 95%乙醇 适量
PVPK30 5g
硬脂酸镁 3g _
羟丙甲纤维素 K4M 60g
微晶纤维素 40g
氯化钠 30g
氧化铁红 0.5g
8%PVP k30 70%乙醇 适量
PVPK30 5g
硬脂酸镁 lg
1.2包衣液处方组成: 见表 9: 表 9 实施例 1C包衣液处方
处方 1 处方 2 处方 3
乙基纤维素 N-100 30g 30g 30g
PVP k30 18g 16g 15g
乙醇 950ml 950ml 950ml
水 50ml 50ml 50ml
2、 制备工艺
2.1片芯制备工艺: 同实施例 1B。
2.2. 半透膜制备工艺
称取处方量的乙基纤维素 N-100, PVP k30加入处方量乙醇中搅拌溶解完全, 即得。
2.3. 包衣 (半透膜): 将片芯置多功能包衣机中包衣,喷液速度为 3~5ml/min, 包 衣处方 1包衣增重至 16-17%, 包衣处方 2包衣增重至 14-15%, 包衣处方 3包衣 增重至 11-12%
2.4. 热处理: 40°C、 60°C热处理 16h、 24h、 48h。
2.5. 激光打孔: 使用激光打孔机将片剂从含药层一侧打孔, 孔径 0.3-0.7mm。
3、 释放度的检测: 方法同实施例 1A。
3.1不同条件热处理后释放结果, 并与市售非洛地平缓释片 (阿斯利康出品, 商 品名波依定 ®, 批号: 0706023 ) 比较, 结果见下表 10:
表 10不同条件热处理后释放结果
Figure imgf000020_0001
60°C-16h 11.2 56.7 99.1
60°C-24h 10.8 56.0 98.2
60°C-48h 10.9 58.1 97.1 波依定 ® 20.1 56.7 95.4 由上表可以看出, 不同条件热处理后的非洛地平渗透泵控释片之间无显著 差别, 且与未热处理的控释片释放结果相当。 另外, 处方 2、 3的体外释放结果 与波依定非常接近。
3.2分别测定包衣处方 3的释放度 (0个月) 和自然条件放置 6个月、 12个月、 24个月的释放度, 结果如下表 11 :
表 11 包衣处方 3样品长期储存后释放度结果
Figure imgf000021_0001
通过室温长期留样对比结果可以看出, 自制的非洛地平控释片在放置的过 程中相当稳定, 与阿斯利康出品的非洛地平缓释片 (波依定@) 体外释放结果相 当。 由于本发明所述的非洛地平为渗透泵控释制剂,而控释片需经过水份进入片 芯→溶解、 渗透促进→使高分子材料膨胀产生推力的相对漫长的过程, 因此其
2h释放没有缓释片通过表面药物释放带来的初始释放快。 但对于非洛地平这样 一个半衰期超过 10h的药物来说, 2h释放差别 10 %不会对药物的整体药时曲线 及药效产生显著差别,而采用渗透泵控释制剂其释放不受胃肠蠕动等体内环境影 响, 体内外相关性更加出色。
4、 膜减重实验
实验方法: 将片芯的半透膜从片芯上剥离, 除去残留在其上面的片芯粉末, 称重, 放入含有 500ml蒸馏水的溶出杯中, 37°C, 按中国药典 2005版附录溶出 度测量一法 (转篮法) 50rpm, 分别于 lh, 2h取样, 50°C烘干, 放置至室温, 称重。 计算减重比。
计算公式: 膜减重百分比 (%) =WT/W0 X 100%
其中, WT: 不同取样时间点烘干后的膜重量; WQ: 膜的初始重量, 结果见 下表 12:
表 12 长期储存后膜减重结果 含层助推层药
Figure imgf000022_0001
膜减重实验表明, 随着放置时间的延长, 采用乙基纤维素和聚维酮制成的 半透膜减重基本保持恒定, 说明膜的稳定性和通透性基本保持恒定。 实施例 1D 乙基纤维素和聚乙二醇 -4000作为半透膜成膜材料的非洛地平控释
1、 片芯处方: 见下表 13 :
表 13 实施例 1D片芯处方 (1000片量) 组成 用
适 4 6351
非洛地平
乳糖
氯化钠
十二烷基硫酸钠 15
羧甲基纤维素钠 20
微晶纤维素 10
0.2%没食子酸正丙酯 10%PVP k30 95%乙醇 适
PVP k30 5
硬脂酸镁 3
羟丙甲纤维素 K4M
微晶纤维素
氯化钠
氧化铁红
8%PVP k30 70%乙醇
PVP k30
硬脂酸镁
2、 包衣液处方组成: 见下表 14:
表 14 实施例 1D包衣液处方
组成 用量
乙基纤维素 N- 100 30g
聚乙二醇- 4000 15
乙醇 800ml 水 200ml
3、 处方组合、 操作条件及测试结果
本实施例的具体操作和检测方法, 可以参照实施例 1B来实施。
4、 不同条件热处理后释放度的检测, 方法同实施例 1A, 结果见下表 15。
表 15 实施例 1D释放度检测结果
Figure imgf000023_0002
释放结果表明, 乙基纤维素和聚乙二醇 -4000作为半透膜成膜材料的非洛地 平控释片, 其释放结果随着放置时间增加而下降, 说明乙基纤维素和聚乙二醇 -4000的组合无法解决半透膜老化问题。 实施例 2硫酸沙丁胺醇渗透泵控释片的对比研究
实施例 2A采用醋酸纤维素和聚乙二醇(PEG)做成膜材料的硫酸沙丁胺醇控释 一、 处方:
1.片芯处方: 1000片量, 见表 16。
表 16 实施例 2A片芯处方
Figure imgf000023_0001
2. 控释衣膜处方: 见表 17。
表 17 实施例 2Α控释衣膜处方
组成 用量
醋酸纤维素 3θ
PEG4000 10g
丙酮 800ml
水 200ml 3.包衣液处方: 表 18 实施例 2A包衣液处方
组成 用量
胃溶型薄膜包衣粉 lO.Og
水 100ml 二、 详细制备工艺
1. 片芯处方制备工艺:
(1) 硫酸沙丁胺醇过 100目筛;
(2) 称取处方量的硫酸沙丁胺醇、 乳糖、 淀粉和甘露醇混合均匀;
(3) 用 6 %PVP k30 80%乙醇溶液制软材;
(4) 过 24目筛制粒, 40°C烘干, 过 24目筛整粒;
(5) 计算理论片重;
(6) 用 Φ =9ιπιη浅凹冲压片, 即得片芯。
2.半透膜包衣液制备工艺:
称取处方量的醋酸纤维素和 PEG4000分散于丙酮 /水溶液中;搅拌溶解完全 即得。
半透膜包衣增重: 9.0-10.5 %
热处理: 60°C热处理 16小时。
激光打孔: 在制得片剂的一侧用激光打孔仪打孔, 孔径 0.3~0.7mm。
3.薄膜衣液制备工艺: 称取处方量的薄膜包衣粉加水搅拌溶解, 即得。
包薄膜衣: 取打完孔的片剂, 包衣增重至 4.0-5.0 %。
三、 释放度检测。 按照中华人民共和国进口药品标准 X20000429检测, 具体释 放检测方法如下:
取本品照释放度测定法 (中国药典 1995年版二部附录 XD第一法), 采用 溶出度第三法的装置, 以水 200ml为溶剂, 转速为每分钟 50转, 依法操作, 经 3、 6与 8小时分别取样 3ml, 滤过, 并即时补充相同体积的水。取续滤液照含量 测定项下的色谱条件分别测定,计算出每片在不同时间的溶出量。本品每片在 3、 6与 8小时的溶出量应分别为标示量的 25-50 %、 45-85 %与 80%以上, 应符合规 定。 结果如下表 19。 表 19 实施例 2A释放度检测结果
Figure imgf000025_0001
实验结果表明, 采用最常用的醋酸纤维素和聚乙二醇 (PEG ) 作成膜材料 的硫酸沙丁胺醇控释片的释放度在初期很好,放置 6个月后有一定下降, 随时间 延长, 膜老化严重, 释放下降更加明显, 12个月时已经不合格了。
实施例 2B采用乙基纤维素和聚维酮作为半透膜成膜材料的沙丁胺醇控释片 一、 处方
1、 片芯处方:同实施例 2A
2、 控释衣膜处方: 见下表 20。
表 20 实施例 2B控释衣膜处方
Figure imgf000025_0002
3、 薄膜包衣液处方: 同实施例 2A
二、 制备工艺, 同实施例 2A, 仅半透膜包衣液制备工艺不同, 具体如下: 称取处方量的乙基纤维素 N-100和 PVP k30分散于无水乙醇 /水溶液中; 搅 拌至完全溶解。
包衣增重和热处理条件见下表 21。
三、 释放度检测方法, 同实施例 2A, 结果如下表:
表 21 实施例 2B不同处方及制备工艺的长期留样释放度检测结果
Figure imgf000025_0003
60DC/16h 37.2 75.4 93.2 36.2 75.0 92.8 37.2 74.7 91.9 35.2 73.5 90.8
40DC/16h 40.8 80.3 97.3 40.3 79.1 96.5 40.2 79.7 95.6 38.5 77.2 94.3
15.2
60°C/16h 39.4 79.3 96.0 40.5 80.3 96.1 39.0 78.1 94.7 37.9 76.2 92.0
40DC/16h 45.3 80.9 93.9 44.4 80.7 96.5 43.2 79.8 94.9 42.8 78.3 95.0
13.2
60DC/16h 45.0 81.3 95.7 43.8 80.3 95.8 41.8 78.1 94.8 40.9 79.2 93.7
40°C/16h 40.3 71.6 89.8 40.3 71.6 89.8 40.3 71.6 89.8 40.3 71.6 89.8
9.6
60DC/16h 40.9 71.3 86.0 39.7 72.5 87.8 38.9 70.3 87.2 40.5 70.1 85.0
40DC/16h 40.4 76.7 90.7 40.9 74.4 89.0 40.0 74.8 91.2 39.4 72.6 89.0
10.5
60DC/16h 38.8 72.2 87.5 39.1 71.1 87.8 38.2 73.5 88.7 38.8 72.2 86.8
40DC/16h 37.7 73.4 92.2 36.2 72.0 91.8 35.2 71.7 91.3 34.2 70.5 88.8
5.2
60DC/16h 36.5 73.0 91.4 35.7 70.9 90.4 34.5 70.6 88.4 33.7 67.9 86.1
40DC/16h 35.0 71.9 90.3 34.4 70.6 88.7 33.8 68.7 87.3 32.4 66.6 84.5
8.1
60DC/16h 33.2 69.7 87.8 32.4 68.4 86.5 31.6 66.5 85.1 30.7 64.3 82.4 由上表可以看出,乙基纤维素和聚维酮组成的半透膜在单室渗透泵控释片 中同样显示了良好的热稳定性,对膜通透性调节较为适中,使包衣时对包衣增重 的要求降低, 生产可行性较高, 例如包衣处方 5, 包衣增重在 9.6〜10.5%范围内 释放数据差别很小, 在生产中便于质量控制。长期留样结果表明, 不同包衣处方 的沙丁胺醇渗透泵控释片均具有较好的稳定性, 室温放置 24个月与 0天样品释 放无显著差异。 实施例 3 格列吡嗪渗透泵控释片的对比研究
实施例 3A市售格列吡嗪缓释片
生产厂家: 美国辉瑞公司, 商品名: 瑞易宁 ®
批号: 85807012
规格: 5mg
释放度检测:根据中华人民共和国进口药品标准 X19990222,具体方法如下: 取本品, 照释放度测定法(中国药典 1995年版二部附录 XD, 第一法), 采 用溶出度测定法第二法装置, 以不含胰酶的人工肠液 900ml为溶剂,转速为每分 钟 50转, 依法操作, 在 4、 8与 16小时时分别取溶液 8ml, 过滤, 并即时在操 作容器钟补充上述溶液 8ml; 取续滤液, 照分光光度法 (中国药典 1995年版二 部附录 IV A), 在 276nm 的波长处分别测定吸收度; 另取格列吡嗪对照品约 50mg, 精密称定, 置 100ml量瓶中, 加甲醇 20ml, 超声处理, 使溶解, 用甲醇 稀释至刻度, 摇匀, 作为贮备液, 以不含胰酶的人工肠液为溶剂, 按下列稀释方 法, 取一定量的贮备液加适量的溶剂, 稀释成一定浓度的格列吡嗪对照品溶液: 对照溶液 稀释方法 格列吡嗪浓度 ( g/ml) 1 # 取贮备液 1ml加溶剂至 200ml 2.5
2 # 取贮备液 lml加溶剂至 100ml 5.0
3 # 取贮备液 3ml加溶剂至 100ml 15.0
4 # 取贮备液 1 # 25ml加溶剂至 50ml 1.25
5 # 取贮备液 3 # 25ml加溶剂至 50ml 7.5
6 # 取贮备液 4 # 25ml加溶剂至 50ml 0.625
分别取对照溶液 6 #, 4#, 1 # , 2 #和5 #同法测定吸收度,绘制标准曲线。 根据标准曲线计算出每片在不同时间的释放量。本品每片在 4, 8和 16小时的释 放量应分别相应为不大于表示量的 30 %、 30-70 %和 85 %以上, 应符合规定。 分别测定其当前释放度 (0个月 ) 和自然条件放置 6个月、 12个月、 24个 月的释放度, 结果如下表 22:
表 22市售格列吡嗪控释片瑞易宁 @不同储存时间的释放度
Figure imgf000027_0001
实验结果表明, 市售格列吡嗪控释片瑞易宁 @的释放度在初期很好, 放置 6 个月可观察到下降, 随时间延长, 膜老化严重, 释放逐渐下降, 虽然仍在允许限 度内, 但释药残留增大。 使用市售品瑞易宁 @进行条件更为苛刻的稳定性影响因素考察, 结果见下表
23。
表 23 市售格列吡嗪控释片瑞易宁 ®稳定性影响因素考察结果
取样时间 (h)
放置时间 4 8 12 16 标准限度 <30 30-70 >85
0天 14.1 48.5 87.2 108.6
40°C-48h 13.2 47.2 84.5 107.1
40°C-5天 13.8 49.2 91.6 104.6
40°C -10天 17.4 54.6 87.9 107.4
60°C-24h 11.7 37.2 71.1 98.8
60°C-48h 10.9 35.4 62.8 81.7 60°C-5天 9.9 41.8 54.5 68.1
60°C-10天 4.2 20.7 40.3 58.9
RH75%-5天 10.2 49.0 86.4 106.9
RH75%-10天 9.3 47.2 85.1 105.4
RH92.5%-5天 9.8 48.3 86.4 106.1
RH92.5%-10
8.1 47.4 85.9 109.3 天 含层药
上述稳定性影响因素结果显示, 在 60°C条件下稳定性较差, 这是由于其使 用了 PEG6000作为增塑剂 (参见 Physican's Desk Reference, 瑞易宁 ®)。 DSC图 谱显示, 60°C超过了 PEG6000的熔点, 使其处于液化状态, 加速其与醋酸纤维 素的结合, 造成过分老化的现象。 瑞易宁 ®由于存在膜老化而产生释放残留, 为了保证在两年有效期内释放符 合标准, 因而在制备过程中增加了药物投料量, 标准中即规定药物含量为 105% -115%, 实测为 114.3%。
实施例 3B 采用醋酸纤维素和聚乙二醇 (PEG) 作成膜材料的格列吡嗪控释
¾ 一、 处方
1、 片芯处方, 1000片 见下表 24:
表 24 实施例 3B片芯处方
组成
格列吡嗪 10g
乳糖 35g
氯化钠 25g
十二烷基硫酸钠 10g
羧甲基纤维素钠 20g
PVPk30 10g
10%PVPk3085%乙醇
Figure imgf000028_0001
氧化铁红
10%PVPK3085%乙醇
硬脂酸镁 lg 2、 包衣液处方组成, 见下表 25 表 25 实施例 3B 包衣液处方
组成 用量
醋酸纤维素 12g
聚乙二醇 -4000 4g
邻苯二甲酸二乙酯 3g
丙酮 150ml
乙醇 30ml
水 20ml
二、 制备工艺
1. 片芯处方制备工艺:
(1) 格列吡嗪过 100目筛;
(2) 按照含药层处方量称取乳糖、 氯化钠、 十二垸基硫酸钠、 羧甲基纤维 素钠、 聚维酮 K30混合均匀;
(3) 用 10%PVP k30 85%乙醇溶液制软材;
(4) 过 24目筛制粒, 40°C烘干, 过 24目筛整粒, 加入处方量的硬脂酸镁; 为含药层颗粒, 备用;
(5) 按照助推层处方量称取羟丙甲纤维素 K4M、微晶纤维素、氯化钠、 PVP k30、 氧化铁红, 混合均匀;
(6) 用 10%PVP k30 85%乙醇溶液制软材;
(7) 过 24目筛制粒, 40°C烘干, 过 24目筛整粒, 加入处方量的硬脂酸镁; 为助推层颗粒, 备用;
(8) 计算理论片重,
(9) 双层压片机采用 Φ =9ιπιη圆冲压得双层片芯。
2.半透膜包衣液制备工艺:
称取处方量的醋酸纤维素和 PEG4000分散于丙酮 /乙醇 /水溶液中;搅拌溶解 完全即得。
3.半透膜包衣增重: 16.8 %、 18.7%、 20.2%
4. 热处理: 40°C热处理 16小时。
5. 激光打孔: 在制得片剂的一侧用激光打孔仪打孔, 孔径 0.5mm。 三、 释放度测定: 方法同实施例 3A, 结果见下表 26-29: 实施例 3B 0天释放度检测结果
Figure imgf000030_0001
实施例 3B 6个月释放度检测结果
Figure imgf000030_0002
表 28 实施例 3B 12个月释放度检测结果
Figure imgf000030_0003
表 29 实施例 3B 24个月释放度检测结果
Figure imgf000030_0004
实验结果表明, 采用醋酸纤维素和聚乙二醇(PEG)作成膜材料的格列吡嗪 控释片的释放度在初期很好, 放置 6个月后发现有一定下降, 随时间延长, 膜老 化严重, 释放下降更加明显, 包衣增重 18.7 %和 20.2 %的处方的 24个月释放结 果已经不合格了。该结果与市售品长期放置的结果一致 (24个月均下降约 20 % ), 充分说明醋酸纤维素和聚乙二醇组合存在老化问题,样品的稳定性存在潜在的风 险。
实施例 3C采用乙基纤维素和聚维酮作成膜材料的格列吡嗪控释片
一、 处方
1、 片芯处方: 同实施例 3B
2、 包衣液处方: 处方和包衣增重见下表 30: 表 30 实施例 3C包衣液处方和包衣增重
Figure imgf000031_0001
二、 制备工艺:
半透膜包衣液制备工艺如下:
称取处方量的乙基纤维素和 PVP k30分散于乙醇 -水溶液中; 搅拌溶解完全 即得。 热处理条件: 分别为 40°C 14小时和 60°C 14小时。 制备工艺中其他部分同实施例 3B, 其中包衣增重见表 30。
三、 释放度检测结果, 见下表 31-34:
表 31 实施例 3C 0天释放度检测结果
Figure imgf000031_0002
表 32 实施例 3C 6个月释放度检测结果
Figure imgf000032_0001
表 34 实施例 3C 24个月释放度检测结果
Figure imgf000032_0002
60°C/14h 13.1 43.5 76.4 97.8
40°C/14h 10.5 47.2 75.3 99.1
15.1 %
60°C/14h 9.7 43.5 74.8 96.7
40°C/14h 15.4 46.9 77.1 98.2
16.7 %
60°C/14h 14.5 42.7 73.2 98.0
3
40°C/14h 11.0 45.1 76.3 96.7
18.5 %
60°C/14h 12.8 44.7 74.5 94.8
由上表可以看出,包衣增重不同的各处方在不同热处理条件下的样品长期放 置稳定性良好,释放度可以通过改变乙基纤维素和聚维酮的重量比来控制膜的通 透性和改变包衣增重两种方式调节, 由于膜在放置过程中不存在老化现象, 故不 同膜的不同增重均表现出了良好的稳定性。另外, 由于膜在放置过程中不存在老 化现象, 释放残留很小, 因而无需过量投料。
需要说明的是: 上述实施例 1-3中的片剂外形, 除实施例 3A中的市售格列 吡嗪缓释片 (瑞易宁@)夕卜, 均采用现有技术中最常见的外形, 即含药层夹角 和 I r比值以及助推层的夹角 θ2和 L2/r比值均为约 110° 和 0.18;与之相比,市 售格列吡嗪缓释片 (瑞易宁@) 实测的角度和比值稍大一点, 为约 115-119° 和
0.22-0.26。 实施例 4 硝苯地平渗透泵控释片的对比研究
实施例 4A市售品硝苯地平渗透泵型控释片的释放数据
商品名: 拜新同
生产厂家: 拜耳医药保健有限公司
批号: 110300
规格: 30mg
生产日期为: 2006年 10月 25日
外形: 对称外形, 含药层夹角 Θ 1和 Ll/r以及助推层的夹角 Θ2和 L2/r实测均为约 115-119° 和 0.22-0.26。
1、 影响因素试验
试验方法:
将样品分别放置在 40°C、 60°C、 RH75 % RH92.5 %和光照 (45001x) 条件 下, 分别于放样的第 5天和第 10天取样测定。
释放度检测方法及标准: 按照硝苯地平控释片 (拜新同) 的进口药品标准 X20010169检测, 具体方 法如下: 避光操作, 取本品, 照溶出度测定法 (中国药典 2000版二部附录 XC 页第二法), 将片子放入金属小篮内, 溶剂为 1%十二垸基硫酸钠的磷酸盐 -枸櫞 酸缓冲溶液 (pH=6.8 ) 900ml, 转速为每分钟 100转, 依法操作, 经 4、 12、 24 小时分别取滤液适量;另取硝苯地平对照品约 18mg,精密称定于 50ml棕色容量 瓶中, 加乙腈 -甲醇 (50:50) 混合液溶解并稀释至刻度, 精密量取 5ml至 25ml 棕色容量瓶中, 加乙腈-甲醇-水 (25:25:50) 混合液稀释至刻度, 摇匀。
HPLC 条件: 用十八垸基硅垸键合硅胶为填充剂, 加保护柱, 乙腈-甲醇-水 (20:30:50)为流动相,检测波长 265nm,理论板数按硝苯地平峰计算不低于 5000。 按上述 HPLC条件, 将上述两溶液各取 10μ1, 注入液相色谱仪, 依法测定峰 面积, 用外标法计算出每片供试品中不同时间硝苯地平含量, 本品每片在 4、 12 和 24小时的溶出量, 分别应为标示量的 5%~17%, 43%~80%和 85%以上。 结果见表 35:
表 35 拜新同影响因素试验结果
Figure imgf000034_0001
2、 室温长期放置试验: 室温放置, 分别测定出厂 3个月, 6个月、 12个月、 24 个月释放数据, 释放度检测方法及标准同上, 结果见表 36
表 36拜新同不同储存时间的释放度
Figure imgf000034_0002
实验结果表明, 市售硝苯地平渗透泵型控释片的释放度在初期很好, 室温放 置 6个月后发现有一定下降, 随时间延长, 膜老化严重, 释放下降更加明显。 此外, 上述两个实验数据也表明, 市售硝苯地平渗透泵型控释片拜新同存在 明显药物残留, 必须过量投料, 含量在出厂时达到 110%以上, 但是一般只能释 放出 95-100%, 长期储存后下降更明显。 实施例 4B: 具有不同 角和 L,/r值的硝苯地平双室渗透泵控释片的释放度对比 研究
一、 处方
1、 片芯处方 (1000片量) 片芯含药层
组成 用量 (g)
石肖苯地平 30
氯化钠 40
乳糖 30
十二烷基硫酸钠 20
羧甲基纤维素钠 30
聚维酮 K30 10
10%聚维酮 K30 70%乙醇溶液 适量
硬脂酸镁 2 片芯助推层
组成 用量 (g)
羟丙甲纤维素 K4M 50
微晶纤维素 20
氯化钠 30
氧化铁红 0.5
聚维酮 K30 10
10%聚维酮 K30 70%乙醇溶液 适量
硬脂酸镁 0.5
2、 包衣液处方组成, 见下表 37
表 37 实施例 4包衣液处方
组成 用量
醋酸纤维素 1¾"
聚乙二醇 -6000 4g
邻苯二甲酸二乙酯 3g 丙酮 150ml
乙醇 30ml
水 20ml
二、 制备工艺
1. 片芯处方制备工艺:
(1)硝苯地平过 100目筛;
(2) 按照含药层处方量称取乳糖、 氯化钠、 十二垸基硫酸钠、 羧甲基纤维 素钠、 聚维酮 K30混合均匀;
(3) 用 10%PVP k30 70%乙醇溶液制软材;
(4) 过 24目筛制粒, 40°C烘干, 过 24目筛整粒, 加入处方量的硬脂酸锾; 为含药层颗粒, 备用;
(5) 按照助推层处方量称取羟丙甲纤维素 K4M、 微晶纤维素、 氯化钠、 聚 维酮 k30、 氧化铁红, 混合均匀;
(6) 用 10%PVP k30 70%乙醇溶液制软材;
(7) 过 24目筛制粒, 40°C烘干, 过 24目筛整粒, 加入处方量的硬脂酸镁; 为助推层颗粒, 备用;
(8) 计算理论片重, 硝苯地平过 100目筛;
(9) 计算理论片重,
(10)采用双层压片机压双层片, 其中助推层用 Φ = 8ιηηι的浅凹圆冲, 含药 层用 Φ = 8mm的不同角度的深凹圆冲, 分别制备含药层外表曲面与侧 面间夹角 θι以及 Li/r比值分别为 110。(0.18)、 120。(0.27)、 130° ( 0.36)、 140。 (0.47)、 150° (0.58)、 160。 ( 0.70)、 170° (0.84)、 180° ( 1.0) (注: 角度数值后括号内的数值为 I r比值),助推层的外表曲面与侧面间夹 角 θ2以及 L2/r比值为 110° (0.18) 的不对称片芯。
2.半透膜包衣液制备工艺:
称取处方量的醋酸纤维素和 PEG6000分散于丙酮 /乙醇 /水溶液中;搅拌溶解 完全即得。
3.半透膜包衣增重: 18.4-18.6%
4. 热处理: 40°C热处理 16小时。
5. 激光打孔: 在制得片剂含药层的一侧用激光打孔仪打孔, 孔径约 0.5mm。 测定方法同实施例 4A, 结果见表 38
表 38 实施例 4B的释放实验结果
Figure imgf000037_0001
由结果可见, 在相同释放条件下, 夹角 61和 /1"比值为 110° ( 0.18) 的片 剂, 释药速率明显慢于夹角 Θ^Π Ι^/ι·比值为 150° ( 0.58)的片剂, 且前者的 24h 累积释药量也明显较小(<90%),存在较大残留(大于 10%); 随着夹角 91和 比值的不断增大,释药残留量不断减小,从 120° (0.27)开始残留小于 10% 130° (0.36)开始残留小于 5%,24h累积释药量大于 95%,当夹角 6i增大到 150°( 0.58) 时, 残留为 3.1%, 随着角度继续增大到 180°, 其释放速率变化很小, 药物释放 已接近完全,残留量近似恒定。考虑到过大的角度有可能导致压好的片芯脱模有 困难, 故优选 6 为 130°-170°, 最优选 150° 将上述夹角 Θ^Β Ι^Λ·比值为 150° ( 0.58) 的片剂进行室温长期放置储存, 并进行不同储存放置时间的释放度研究, 结果如下表 39
表 39不同储存时间的释放度
Figure imgf000037_0002
实验结果表明, 采用现有技术中最常用的半透膜材料醋酸纤维素和聚乙二 醇(PEG)作成膜材料且夹角 Θ^Π 比值为 150° (0.58 )的硝苯地平控释片在 初期释放性能很好, 放置 6个月后有一定下降, 随时间延长, 膜老化严重, 释放 下降更加明显,表明醋酸纤维素和聚乙二醇组合存在老化问题, 即使通过改变片 芯的夹角 9和 /r比值可以降低初始释放中的药物残留, 但由于后续半透膜不 断老化, 样品的释放残留有增加趋势, 稳定性仍存在潜在的风险。
实施例 4C 采用本发明半透膜成膜材料且具有不同 θ,角度的硝苯地平双室渗透 泵控释片的释放度对比研究
一、 处方
1、 片芯处方 (1000片量)
片芯含药层处方: 同实施例 4Β
片芯助推层处方: 同实施例 4Β
2、 包衣液处方 组成 用量 (g )
乙基纤维素 N-100 30g
PVP k30 16
乙醇 (ml) 1000
二、 制备工艺
半透膜包衣液制备工艺如下:
称取处方量的乙基纤维素和 PVP k30分散于乙醇中; 搅拌溶解完全即得。 制备工艺中其他部分同实施例 4B, 其中包衣增重 14.5-14.8%。
三、 释放度测定:
测定方法同实施例 4A, 结果见表 40。 实施例 4C的释放实验结果
Figure imgf000038_0001
由结果可见, 采用本发明半透膜成膜材料后, 与实施例 4B相似, 随着夹 角 的不断增大,释药残留量不断减小,当夹角 6i和 L r比值增大到 150° ( 0.58) 后, 随着角度增大, 释药残留量的减少不再明显, 药物释放接近完全, 综合考虑 后,确定 150。 (0.58)为最优值。在相同条件下夹角 e^ Wr比值为 110。 (0.18) 的片剂, 释药速率明显小于夹角 9 和 比值为 150° (0.58) 的片剂, 且 24h 累积释药也较小, 存在较大残留。
此外, 将上述结果和实施例 4B采用醋酸纤维素和 PEG6000作为半透膜成 膜材料的结果相比较, 可以看出, 当二者都是刚制备好的制剂时, 在夹角 S i以 及 I r比值较大的情况下, 本发明半透膜成膜材料的释放残留和实施例 4B的残 留都很小, 但在夹角 Θ!以及 I r比值较小时, 实施例 4B的残留量更大一些。 将上述夹角 Θ^Β Ι^/ι·比值为 150° (0.58) 的片剂进行室温长期放置储存, 并进行不同储存放置时间的释放度研究, 结果如下表 41。
表 41 不同储存时间的释放度
Figure imgf000039_0001
实验结果表明, 与实施例 4B相比, 采用本发明半透膜成膜材料后, 长时 间储存放置膜不老化, 不会导致释放残留增加。
综合上述实验结果可以看出, 对于双室渗透泵控释片而言, 同时采用本发明 的新型半透膜成膜材料和较大的含药层夹角 6!和 比值, 不仅可以减少控释 片的释放残留, 并且还可以有效保证长期储存放置后释放残留也不增加。 实施例 5 、 采用本发明半透膜成膜材料的硝苯地平控释片不同外形 (对称型和 不对称型) 的对比研究 一、 处方 (1000片量)
片芯含药层处方: 同实施例 4B
片芯助推层处方: 同实施例 4B
包衣液处方: 同实施例 4C 组成 用量
乙基纤维素 N-100 30 g
PVP k30 16g
乙醇 1000 ml
二、 制备工艺
操作步骤同实施例 4C。 其中压片时, 对称型的片芯含药层角度 91和1^1/1"和 助推层 θ2和 L2/r均为 135° (0.41), 包衣增重分别为 14.0%、 15.4% ; 不对称 型的含药层角度61和1^/1为 135° (0.41), 助推层 θ2和 L2/r为 110° (0.18), 包衣增重分别为 14.2%、 15.1%。 三、 释放度检测: 测定方法同实施例 4A, 结果见表 42。
表 42 实施例 5 释放度检测结果
Figure imgf000040_0001
由结果可见, 在含药层的 61和1^/1"相同时, 对称型渗透泵片与不对称型渗透泵 片释放结果相近, 说明助推层与侧面的夹角 θ2和高度比值 L2/r对渗透泵制剂的 释放影响很小。
4、 取包衣增重 15.1%的不对称型硝苯地平控释片, 室温长期放置后释放度检测 结果见下表 43:
表 43 室温长期放置后释放度检测结果
Figure imgf000040_0002
室温长期放置结果表明, 在储存室内释放性能变化很小, 释放残留基本不 增加。 本实施例的实验结果表明, 同时采用本发明的新半透膜成膜材料和较大的 含药层夹角 和 I r比值, 不仅可以减少控释片的释放残留, 并且还可以有效 保证长期储存放置后释放残留也基本不增加, 基本不老化, 并且释放完全, 无需 过量投料。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1. 一种渗透泵型控释片, 其采用乙基纤维素和聚维酮作为半透膜的成膜材料。
2. 权利要求 1的渗透泵型控释片,其中乙基纤维素和聚维酮的重量比为 1 : 1 4:1。
3 . 权利要求 1 的渗透泵型控释片, 其中乙基纤维素和聚维酮的重量比为 1.5:1~3:1。
4. 权利要求 1的渗透泵型控释片, 其中所述半透膜的包衣增重为 5%〜25%。
5. 权利要求 1的渗透泵型控释片, 其中所述半透膜的包衣增重为 8%〜15%。
6. 权利要求 1-5中任一项的渗透泵型控释片的制备方法, 包括在所述控释片的 片芯外包裹上采用乙基纤维素和聚维酮作为成膜材料的半透膜。
7. 权利要求 6的制备方法, 其中所述乙基纤维素和聚维酮的重量比为 1 :1〜4: 1。
8.权利要求 7的制备方法,其中所述乙基纤维素和聚维酮的重量比为 1.5:1 3:1。
9. 权利要求 6 的渗透泵型控释片的制备方法, 其中所述半透膜的包衣增重为 5%~25%。
10. 权利要求 6 的渗透泵型控释片的制备方法, 其中所述半透膜的包衣增重为 8%~15%。
11 . 包含乙基纤维素和聚维酮的组合物用于制备渗透泵型控释片的半透膜的用 途。
12. 权利要求 1-5中任一项所述的渗透泵型控释片, 由片芯、 半透膜和任选的薄 膜衣层组成, 其中所述片芯包含含药层和助推层, 其中:
( 1 ) 所述含药层的外表曲面与侧面所成的夹角 6!为 120°-180°, 和 /或
(2) 所述含药层外表曲面的中心顶点至所述含药层外表曲面与侧面的相交线 所形成平面的垂直距离 与片芯半径 r的比值 /r为 0.27-1.0。
13. 权利要求 12的渗透泵型控释片, 其中所述夹角 6 为 130°-170°, 和 /或所述 比值 L r为 0.36-0.84。
14. 权利要求 12的渗透泵型控释片,其中所述夹角 9i为约 150°, 和 /或所述比值 I r为约 0.58。
15. 权利要求 12-14中任一项的渗透泵型控释片, 其中所述助推层的外表曲面与 侧面所成的夹角 92为 95°-120°, 和 /或所述助推层外表曲面的中心顶点至所述助 推层外表曲面与侧面的相交线所形成平面的垂直距离 L2与片芯半径 r的比值 L2/r 为 0.04-0.27。
16. 权利要求 15 的渗透泵型控释片, 其中所述含药层的外表曲面与侧面所成的 夹角 6i为约 150°, 和 /或所述含药层外表曲面的中心顶点至所述含药层外表曲面 与侧面的相交线所形成平面的垂直距离∑ 与片芯半径 r的比值 Li/r为约 0.58; 并且所述助推层的外表曲面与侧面所成的夹角 92为 90°-120°, 和 /或所述助推层 外表曲面的中心顶点至所述助推层外表曲面与侧面的相交线所形成平面的垂直 距离 L2与片芯半径 r的比值 L2/r为 0.04-0.27。
17. 权利要求 12-16中任一项的渗透泵型控释片, 其中所述助推层中使用的助推 剂选自甲基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、 聚氧乙烯、 卡波姆、 羧 甲基淀粉钠、羧甲基纤维素或其钠盐、或者交联羧甲基纤维素钠中的一种或多种。
18. 一种制备权利要求 12-16中任一项的渗透泵型控释片的方法, 其中在压制含 药层时采用大曲率表面的冲头。
19. 一种制备权利要求 15或 16的渗透泵型控释片的方法, 其中在压制含药层时 釆用相对大曲率表面的冲头, 在压制助推层时釆用相对小曲率表面的冲头。
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JP2015533178A (ja) * 2012-10-16 2015-11-19 上海 インスティテュート オブ マテリア メディカ、チャイニーズ アカデミー オブ サイエンシーズShanghai Institute Of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy Of Sciences 薬物浸透圧ポンプ製剤
CN115381789A (zh) * 2022-08-26 2022-11-25 湖北科技学院 含有黄腐酚的控释微孔双层推-拉渗透泵片及其制备方法
CN115381789B (zh) * 2022-08-26 2023-09-29 湖北科技学院 含有黄腐酚的控释微孔双层推-拉渗透泵片及其制备方法

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