WO2011024994A1 - 低脂肪又は無脂肪ヨーグルト及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
低脂肪又は無脂肪ヨーグルト及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011024994A1 WO2011024994A1 PCT/JP2010/064681 JP2010064681W WO2011024994A1 WO 2011024994 A1 WO2011024994 A1 WO 2011024994A1 JP 2010064681 W JP2010064681 W JP 2010064681W WO 2011024994 A1 WO2011024994 A1 WO 2011024994A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23C—DAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING THEREOF
- A23C9/00—Milk preparations; Milk powder or milk powder preparations
- A23C9/12—Fermented milk preparations; Treatment using microorganisms or enzymes
- A23C9/13—Fermented milk preparations; Treatment using microorganisms or enzymes using additives
- A23C9/1307—Milk products or derivatives; Fruit or vegetable juices; Sugars, sugar alcohols, sweeteners; Oligosaccharides; Organic acids or salts thereof or acidifying agents; Flavours, dyes or pigments; Inert or aerosol gases; Carbonation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23C—DAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING THEREOF
- A23C9/00—Milk preparations; Milk powder or milk powder preparations
- A23C9/12—Fermented milk preparations; Treatment using microorganisms or enzymes
- A23C9/127—Fermented milk preparations; Treatment using microorganisms or enzymes using microorganisms of the genus lactobacteriaceae and other microorganisms or enzymes, e.g. kefir, koumiss
- A23C9/1275—Fermented milk preparations; Treatment using microorganisms or enzymes using microorganisms of the genus lactobacteriaceae and other microorganisms or enzymes, e.g. kefir, koumiss using only lactobacteriaceae for fermentation in combination with enzyme treatment of the milk product; using enzyme treated milk products for fermentation with lactobacteriaceae
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Y—ENZYMES
- C12Y305/00—Hydrolases acting on carbon-nitrogen bonds, other than peptide bonds (3.5)
- C12Y305/01—Hydrolases acting on carbon-nitrogen bonds, other than peptide bonds (3.5) in linear amides (3.5.1)
- C12Y305/01044—Protein-glutamine glutaminase (3.5.1.44)
Definitions
- the present invention is based on the priority claim of Japanese patent application: Japanese Patent Application No. 2009-200908 (filed on August 31, 2009), the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Shall.
- the present invention relates to a method for obtaining a low-fat or non-fat yogurt having a rich and creamy texture, such as yogurt produced using full-fat milk (full-fat yogurt).
- Yogurt is expected not only to be delicious as a food, but also as a health food.
- interest in health has increased, and the number of consumers who care about the calories of foods has increased.
- the yogurt market demand for products that appeal to low fat, no fat, and low calories has increased. is doing.
- the taste of dairy products with low milk fat content such as fat-free and low-fat is very pale, watery and lacks the rich taste, and has never been satisfactory for consumers.
- low-fat and non-fat yogurt is sugar, and low-sugar yogurt supplements the taste and flavor with fat, so it is difficult to achieve low calories.
- Patent Document 1 a method of supplementing animal protein hydrolyzate known as a seasoning to compensate for the reduction in body taste
- Patent Document 2 a method using a milk fat globule membrane component
- Patent Document 3 A method of blending a lipid-protein complex into an oil-in-water emulsion composition
- Patent Document 4 attempts have been made to substitute all fat or at least a part thereof using a protein system such as simple press and whey protein concentrate.
- Patent Document 4 by adding fat substitutes made using conventional methods to foods, the flavor and texture of the foods obtained are different from the original fats and are not satisfactory. It has not yet been replaced.
- protein deamidase is an enzyme that directly acts on an amide group in a protein and catalyzes a deamidation reaction.
- glutamine residues in the protein are converted to glutamic acid residues, resulting in carboxyl groups, which increases protein negative charge, increases electrostatic repulsion, decreases isoelectric point, increases hydration power, etc. Occur.
- various functional properties such as protein solubility, increased water dispersibility, emulsification ability, and emulsification stability are improved (Non-patent Documents 1 and 2 and Patent Documents 5 to 8). ).
- Patent Documents 5, 7, and 8 Methods for using protein deamidase in foods are disclosed in Patent Documents 5, 7, and 8.
- Patent Documents 5, 7, and 8 there are descriptions relating to the modification of the functional properties of wheat gluten and milk proteins (mainly whey proteins) using this enzyme, and in particular, in Patent Document 8, there are proteins for dairy products such as yogurt and cheese.
- a texture improving effect such as “improving smoothness” is described.
- it does not mention the effect on fat-free or low-fat yogurt. That is, conventionally, in the production of fat-free or low-fat yogurt, there has been no attempt to replace fat by using this enzyme, that is, an attempt to approximate a rich and creamy texture like full-fat yogurt.
- JP-A-56-124342 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-236451 JP-A-8-170 Japanese Patent Publication No. 7-22497 JP 2000-50887 A JP 2001-218590 A JP 2003-250460 A WO2006 / 075752
- the entire disclosures of Patent Documents 1 to 8 and Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2 are incorporated herein by reference.
- the following is an analysis of the related art according to the present invention.
- the present invention provides a fat-free or low-fat yogurt having a rich and creamy texture, such as yogurt produced using raw milk (full fat milk) whose fat content is not adjusted, and such It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for easily producing a fat-free or low-fat yogurt using a fat-free or low-fat raw milk.
- the present inventors have used a protein deamidase, which has been known to be effective in “improving smoothness”, alone, in fat-free or low-fat raw milk.
- a protein deamidase which has been known to be effective in “improving smoothness”, alone, in fat-free or low-fat raw milk.
- the smoothness of yogurt is improved with the progress of deamidation reaction of milk protein, but the physical properties are remarkably weakened and further liquefied, and the rich creamy feeling is lost. Therefore, as a result of intensive studies, the present inventors have increased the amount of milk protein of fat-free or low-fat yogurt so that it falls within the proper range and the deamidation rate of milk protein falls within the proper range.
- a yogurt having a creamy texture similar to that of a full fat yogurt can be obtained while maintaining the physical properties even when a non-fat or low-fat raw material milk is used. More specifically, by adding an appropriate amount of milk protein such as skim milk powder deamidated with protein deamidase to non-fat milk or low-fat milk, or to skim milk or low-fat milk.
- milk protein such as skim milk powder deamidated with protein deamidase
- the present invention is as follows.
- Casein-containing milk protein is added to non-fat milk having a milk fat content of 0.0 wt% or more and less than 0.5 wt%, so that the milk protein content is 4.5 wt% or more and 4.8 wt%. %) Or less of the milk raw material mixture, and a protein deamidase is added to the milk raw material mixture and allowed to act so that the deamidation rate X of the milk protein in the milk raw material mixture is reduced.
- a method for producing yogurt comprising: a step b) of preparing a deamidated milk raw material mixture satisfying the formula; and a step c) of adding a starter to the deamidated milk raw material mixture. ⁇ 39.3 ⁇ milk protein content (%) + 198 ⁇ X (%) ⁇ 64
- Casein-containing milk protein is added to non-fat milk having a milk fat content of 0.0 wt% or more and less than 0.5 wt%, so that the milk protein content is 4.8 wt% or more and 5.0 wt%. %) Or less of the milk raw material mixture, and a protein deamidase is added to the milk raw material mixture and allowed to act, so that the deamidation rate of the milk protein in the milk raw material mixture is 9%.
- a method for producing yogurt comprising: a step b) of preparing a deamidated milk raw material mixture that is 64% or less; and a step c) of adding a starter to the deamidated milk raw material mixture.
- the deamidated milk protein is added to the non-fat milk, and the milk protein content is 4.5% by weight or more and 4.8% by weight or less, and the milk protein in the milk raw material mixture is deamidated.
- a method for producing yogurt comprising: a step b) of preparing a milk raw material mixture satisfying the following formula: X; and a step c) of adding a starter to the milk raw material mixture. ⁇ 39.3 ⁇ milk protein content (%) + 198 ⁇ X (%) ⁇ 64
- the deamidated milk protein is added to the non-fat milk, and the milk protein content is 4.5% by weight or more and 4.8% by weight or less, and the milk protein in the milk raw material mixture is deamidated.
- a method for producing yogurt comprising: a step b) of preparing a milk raw material mixture having a rate of 9% to 64%; and a step c) of adding a starter to the milk raw material mixture.
- Casein-containing milk protein is added to low-fat milk having a milk fat content of 0.5 wt% or more and less than 1.5 wt%, so that the milk protein content is 4.0 wt% or more and 4.5 wt%. %) Or less of the milk raw material mixture, and a protein deamidase is added to the milk raw material mixture and allowed to act so that the deamidation rate X of the milk protein in the milk raw material mixture is reduced.
- a method for producing yogurt comprising: a step b) of preparing a deamidated milk raw material mixture satisfying the formula; and a step c) of adding a starter to the deamidated milk raw material mixture. -44.3 ⁇ milk protein content (%) + 201 ⁇ X (%) ⁇ 64
- the deamidated milk protein is added to a certain low fat milk, the milk protein content is 4.0 wt% or more and 4.5 wt% or less, and the deamidation rate of the milk protein in the milk raw material mixture
- a method for producing yogurt comprising: a step b) of preparing a milk raw material mixture satisfying the following formula; and a step c) of adding a starter to the milk raw material mixture.
- the present invention it is possible to easily obtain a fat-free or low-fat yogurt having a rich and creamy texture like a yogurt manufactured using raw milk (full fat milk) whose fat amount is not adjusted. it can.
- the non-fat milk in the present invention is a milk, goat milk or other mammal whose milk fat content is adjusted to be 0.0 wt% or more and less than 0.5 wt% by removing a part of milk fat from raw milk.
- Milk, their milk powder, concentrated milk, low-fat milk is milk milk, goat milk and other milks whose milk fat content is adjusted to 0.5% or more and 1.5% or less, their milk powder, Refers to concentrated milk.
- the component standard of milk fat content of milk in Japan is such that low fat milk has a milk fat content of 0.5% to 1.5% and non-fat milk has a content of less than 0.5%. . (Hereinafter,% indicates mass% unless otherwise specified.)
- the milk protein added to the non-fat or low-fat raw material milk is a milk protein containing casein, and is casein or a mixture of casein and whey (eg, skimmed milk powder, total milk protein).
- casein e.g., skimmed milk powder, total milk protein.
- whey e.g, skimmed milk powder, total milk protein.
- the most suitable milk protein is skim milk powder obtained by powdering milk after (partially) defatting with a separator, or milk protein concentrate (MPC) obtained by membrane treatment after (partially) defatting.
- the type of protein deamidase in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it directly acts on the amide group of the protein and has a deamidating action without peptide bond cleavage and protein cross-linking.
- Examples of such enzymes include chryseobacteria disclosed in JP 2000-50887 ⁇ Reference 1>, JP 2001-21850 ⁇ Reference 2>, and WO 2006/077572 ⁇ Reference 3>.
- protein deamidase derived from the genus Aum Flavobacterium or Empedobacter, commercially available protein glutaminase derived from the genus Chryseobacterium, it is not particularly limited thereto.
- an enzyme derived from the genus Chryseobacterium is selected.
- transglutaminase When transglutaminase is allowed to act on food ingredients, protein cross-linking reaction takes place preferentially and deamidation reaction hardly occurs. Therefore, the protein deamidase of the present invention does not contain transglutaminase.
- the protein deamidase one prepared from a culture solution of a microorganism producing protein deamidase can be used.
- known protein separation and purification methods centrifugation, UF concentration, salting out
- Various chromatographies using an ion exchange resin or the like are available.
- the target enzyme can be obtained by centrifuging the culture solution to remove the cells and then combining salting out, chromatography, and the like.
- the microbial cell is crushed by pressure treatment, ultrasonic treatment, etc., and then separated and purified in the same manner as described above to obtain the target enzyme.
- the enzyme may be pulverized by a drying method such as lyophilization or reduced pressure drying, and an appropriate excipient or drying aid may be used at that time.
- the activity of protein deamidase was measured by the following method. (1) Add 0.1 ml of an aqueous solution containing protein deamidase to 1 ml of 0.2 M phosphate buffer (pH 6.5) containing 30 mM Z-Gln-Gly, incubate at 37 ° C. for 10 minutes, and then add 0.4 M TCA solution 1 ml of was added to stop the reaction. As a blank, 1 ml of 0.2 M phosphate buffer (pH 6.5) containing 30 mM Z-Gln-Gly and 1 ml of 0.4 M TCA solution were added to 0.1 ml of an aqueous solution containing protein deamidase at 37 ° C.
- a 10 minute incubation was prepared.
- the amount of ammonia produced by the reaction was measured using Ammonia Test Wako (Wako Pure Chemical Industries).
- the ammonia concentration in the reaction solution was determined from a calibration curve representing the relationship between the ammonia concentration and absorbance (630 nm) prepared using an ammonia standard solution (ammonium chloride).
- the activity of the protein deamidase was calculated from the following equation, with the amount of enzyme producing 1 ⁇ mol of ammonia per minute as 1 unit.
- non-fat or low-fat milk used for yogurt preparation is sometimes referred to as raw milk
- a mixed liquid prepared by adding milk protein to raw milk is sometimes referred to as a milk raw material mixed liquid.
- milk protein such as skim milk powder is dissolved in raw milk to prepare a milk raw material mixture, and the milk protein content of the milk raw material mixture is adjusted to 4.0 to 5.0% by weight. Then, a method of allowing protein deamidase to act (preincubation method).
- the milk protein content of the milk raw material mixture may be adjusted to 4.0 to 5.0% by weight, and the amount of milk protein added to the raw milk is equal to the protein content of the milk raw material mixture.
- non-fat yogurt it is used so as to be 4.5 to 5.0% by weight, and when producing low-fat yoghurt, 4.0 to 4.5% by weight. What is necessary is just to calculate from the protein content of the raw material milk (low fat or non-fat milk).
- the milk protein content of the final product, yogurt can be considered to be almost the same as the milk protein content of the milk raw material mixture because the milk protein amount hardly changes due to lactic acid fermentation.
- protein deamidase is added to the milk raw material mixture and allowed to act.
- the enzyme reaction conditions enzyme for achieving such a state
- the amount, the reaction time, the temperature, the pH of the reaction solution, etc. may be appropriately set so that the deamidation rate of the milk protein in the milk raw material mixture is within the appropriate range.
- the reaction time may be lengthened.
- the amount of general protein deamidase added is preferably 0.01 to 100 units with respect to 1 g of milk protein (dry matter weight). ⁇ 25 units are more preferred.
- the preferred reaction temperature is 5 to 80 ° C, more preferably 20 to 60 ° C.
- the pH of the preferred reaction solution is 2 to 10, more preferably 4 to 8.
- the preferred reaction time is 10 seconds to 48 hours, more preferably 10 minutes to 24 hours.
- the appropriate deamidation rate in the present invention varies depending on the milk protein content and milk fat content of the milk raw material mixture, but in non-fat yogurt, the milk raw material mixture (mixed solution of raw milk and added milk protein)
- the milk raw material mixture mixed solution of raw milk and added milk protein
- the milk protein amidation rate (X) of the milk raw material mixture satisfies the following formula A), and more preferably satisfies the following formula B): That's fine.
- the deamidation rate is preferably 21 to 64%, more preferably 26 to 64%.
- the deamidation rate is preferably 15 to 64%, more preferably 20 to 64%.
- the deamidation rate is preferably 9 to 64%, more preferably 14 to 64%.
- the amidation rate of the milk protein in the milk raw material mixture is preferably 9 to 64%, 14 to 64% is more preferable.
- the amidation rate (X) of the milk protein of the milk raw material mixture satisfies the following formula C) More preferably, the following formula D) may be satisfied.
- the deamidation rate when producing a low fat yogurt from a milk raw material mixture having a milk protein content of 4.0% and a milk fat content of 1.0%, the deamidation rate is preferably 24 to 64%, more preferably 29 to 64%. .
- the deamidation rate is preferably 17 to 64%, more preferably 22 to 64%.
- the deamidation rate is preferably 11 to 64%, more preferably 16 to 64%.
- the deamidation rate is preferably 4 to 64%, more preferably 9 to 64%.
- the second method is a method of adding deamidated milk protein that has been modified in advance with protein deamidase (deamidated milk protein addition method).
- protein deamidase is allowed to act on a milk protein solution such as skim milk powder to prepare a deamidated milk protein, which is dried and powdered and added to a non-fat or low-fat raw material milk.
- the milk protein content of the milk raw material mixture is adjusted to 4.0 to 5.0% by weight, and the milk protein deamidation rate in the milk raw material mixture is adjusted to an appropriate range.
- the protein deamidase reaction conditions for preparing deamidated milk protein are not particularly limited, and the reaction is performed in order to obtain an appropriate deamidation rate. Conditions may be controlled as appropriate, but the amount of protein deamidase added is preferably 0.01 to 100 units, more preferably 0.1 to 25 units, per gram of milk protein (dry matter weight).
- the preferred reaction temperature is 5 to 80 ° C, more preferably 20 to 60 ° C.
- the pH of the preferred reaction solution is 2 to 10, more preferably 4 to 8.
- the preferred reaction time is 10 seconds to 48 hours, more preferably 10 minutes to 24 hours.
- the proper deamidation rate of milk protein in the milk raw material mixture is the same as that of the preincubation method described in paragraphs [0030] to [0038] of the present specification.
- the deamidation rate in the present invention indicates the degree of deamidation of glutamine residues in all milk proteins contained in the milk raw material mixture or the final product yogurt by the protein deamidase. .
- the state in which all glutamine of protein in the milk raw material mixture is deamidated is defined as 100%.
- the deamidation reaction reaches saturation. Therefore, the maximum reaction amount (ammonia amount) showing a deamidation rate of 100% should be obtained.
- the deamidation rate is obtained from the following formula E) in the case of the preincubation method and from the following formula F) in the case of the deamidation milk protein addition method.
- Deamidation rate (%) (Ammonia amount in milk raw material solution after reaction of protein deamidase with milk raw material solution) ⁇ (13 per gram of milk protein in the same milk raw material mixture) Amount of ammonia in milk raw material solution after adding unit and reacting at 55 ° C. for 1 hour) ⁇ 100
- Deamidation rate (%) (Ammonia amount in milk protein solution after reaction of protein deamidase with milk protein solution) ⁇ (13 units per gram of milk protein in the same milk protein solution) Amount of ammonia in milk protein solution after addition and reaction at 55 ° C. for 1 hour) ⁇ 100 ⁇ (content of added milk protein) ⁇ (protein content of raw milk + added milk protein content)
- the amount of ammonia in the milk raw material mixture or milk protein solution can be measured with a commercially available ammonia measurement kit after deproteinization with an acid (such as trichloroacetic acid or perchloric acid).
- an acid such as trichloroacetic acid or perchloric acid.
- protein is removed by adding 12% trichloroacetic acid in an equivalent amount to a milk raw material mixture (in the case of a preincubation method) or a milk protein solution (in the case of a deamidated milk protein addition method). The reaction is also stopped). Next, the amount of ammonia in the supernatant obtained by centrifugation (12,000 rpm, 5 ° C., 5 minutes) is measured using F-kit (Roche).
- the ammonia concentration in the supernatant is obtained from a calibration curve showing the relationship between the ammonia concentration and the change in absorbance (340 nm), which was prepared using the ammonia standard solution attached to F-kit, and from this, the milk raw material mixture or milk Determine the amount of ammonia in the protein solution.
- the milk raw material mixture or milk Determine the amount of ammonia in the protein solution.
- the low-fat or non-fat yogurt of the present invention is produced using a milk raw material mixture prepared by the above method and having a milk protein amount and a deamidation rate within an appropriate range.
- the yogurt production method may be a regular method. For example, a milk raw material mixture in which the milk protein amount and the deamidation rate are in the proper ranges, and if necessary, raw materials such as sugar and fragrance are added to a homogenizer You may homogenize by. Then, after sterilization and cooling, add a starter (lactic acid bacteria, yogurt or the like in which live lactic acid bacteria remain), fill the container and ferment, or fill the container after fermentation in the tank and reduce the fat or non-fat Yogurt may be manufactured.
- the yogurt may be either a set type or a stard type.
- Low-fat skim milk powder (Yotsuba Milk Co., Ltd. protein 35.6%) is added to commercially available non-fat milk (Koiwai non-fat milk, Koiwai Dairy Co., Ltd., milk fat content 0.1%, protein 3.5%), and the protein amount is 4.50%, 4.65%, 4.80%, 4.95% Protein glutaminase (Amano Enzyme Co., Ltd., 500 U / g, derived from the genus Chrysobacteria; hereinafter abbreviated as PG) (60 U / ml) was added at 0.5 to 6.0 U per gram of protein in the milk, and 60 ° C. at 55 ° C. Reacted for 1 minute.
- PG genus Chrysobacteria
- each sample had a deamidation rate of 74.5% and 75.2% at a protein of 4.5%.
- low-heat skim milk powder (Yotsuba Milk Co., Ltd., protein 35.6%) is added to commercially available full-fat milk (Magokoro Dairy 3.6 Milk, Takanashi Dairy Co., Ltd., milk fat content 3.7%, protein 3.2%) to adjust the protein amount to 3.9%, and PG
- the target product was a yogurt prepared in the same manner except that was added.
- fat-free yogurt protein 4.3%) has a creamy feeling / smoothness sensory rating of 10 levels, with a low creamy feeling / smoothness and a single adhesive property value of 4.2, low-fat yogurt (1% fat, In the case of protein 4.3%, the sensory evaluation of creaminess and smoothness was 3 points, and adhesion was 4.9, and in the case of full fat yogurt (fat 3.7%, protein 3.9%), creaminess and smoothness were 6 points, and adhesion 5.8. The higher the sensory evaluation score, the higher the adhesion value. Also in this specification, adhesion was shown as an index of creamy feeling and smoothness.
- Low-heat skim milk powder (Yotsuba Milk Co., Ltd., protein 35.6%) is added to commercially available low-fat milk (raw fat tailored low-fat milk, Takanashi Dairy Co., Ltd., milk fat content 1.0%, protein 3.3%), and the amount of protein is 4.0%, 4.15%, 4.3% . 4.45% was prepared, 0.5 to 6.0 U of PG solution (60 U / ml) was added for each gram of protein in milk and reacted at 55 ° C. for 60 minutes. Thereafter, the enzyme was inactivated by heating in a boiling bath at 95 ° C. for 2 minutes and then cooled to obtain low fat milk having different deamidation rates.
- each sample had a deamidation rate of 28.6% at protein 4.0%, 22.9%, and a deamidation rate of 30.2 at protein 4.15%. %, 24.8%, 15.4%, protein 4.3% deamidation rate 30.4%, 23.7%, 15.6%, 9.5%, protein 4.45% deamidation rate 16.2%, 9.5% PG treated low fat milk there were.
- the low fat milk processed similarly except having added PG was made into the control product.
- This PG-treated skim milk is dissolved in low-fat milk to a protein content of 4.4%, sterilized by heating in a boiling bath at 95 ° C for 2 minutes, cooled, and PG-treated skim milk added low-fat milk (deamidated) (27.6% rate) was obtained (deamidated milk protein addition method).
- Low-fat skim milk (Yotsuba Milk Co., Ltd., protein 35.6%) is added to low-fat milk (Takashi Dairy Co., Ltd., milk fat content 1.0%, protein 3.3%), the protein amount is adjusted to 4.4%, and the PG solution (60 U / ml) is deamidated. 0 U, 1.5 U and 1.75 U were added per 1 g of protein in milk so that the conversion rate would be 20-30%, and the reaction was carried out at 55 ° C for 60 minutes. Subsequently, the enzyme was inactivated by heating at 95 ° C. for 2 minutes in a boiling bath and then cooled to obtain low-fat milk (deamidation rate 23.6%, 29.3%) with different deamidation rates (preincubation method) ).
- the yogurt that approximates the deamidation rate by the PG-treated skim milk addition method (deamidation-treated milk protein addition method) and the preincubation method has the same creamy feeling and smoothness, and the adhesion is also good. It was confirmed that they were almost identical. That is, it was confirmed that the PG-treated skim milk addition method and the preincubation method can obtain the same texture and physical properties by controlling the deamidation rate.
- whey protein “Bipro” (DAVISCO JE189-7-440 protein 95%) and “Enlacto HG” (Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd. protein 80%) in a 10% (w / w) solution with sufficient PG
- the enzyme was inactivated by heating in a boiling bath until it reached 80 ° C., and then cooled.
- freezing at ⁇ 80 ° C. for powderization it was subjected to freeze drying to prepare whey protein by PG treatment.
- An untreated whey protein was prepared by the same method except that no enzyme was added.
- the present invention it is possible to obtain a fat-free or low-fat yogurt having a rich and creamy texture like a yogurt manufactured using raw milk (full fat milk) whose fat amount is not adjusted.
- the present invention is useful for the food industry. It should be noted that the disclosures of the above patent documents are incorporated herein by reference. Within the scope of the entire disclosure (including claims) of the present invention, the embodiments and examples can be changed and adjusted based on the basic technical concept. Various combinations and selections of various disclosed elements are possible within the scope of the claims of the present invention. That is, the present invention of course includes various variations and modifications that could be made by those skilled in the art according to the entire disclosure including the claims and the technical idea.
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、日本国特許出願:特願2009-200888号(2009年8月31日出願)の優先権主張に基づくものであり、同出願の全記載内容は引用をもって本書に組み込み記載されているものとする。
本発明は、全脂肪乳を用いて製造したヨーグルト(全脂肪ヨーグルト)のような濃厚でクリーミーな食感を有する低脂肪又は無脂肪のヨーグルトを得る方法に関する。
以下に本発明による関連技術の分析を与える。
本発明は、脂肪量を調整していない原料乳(全脂肪乳)を用いて製造したヨーグルトのように濃厚でクリーミーな食感を有する無脂肪又は低脂肪ヨーグルトを提供すること、及びそのような無脂肪又は低脂肪ヨーグルトを無脂肪又は低脂肪の原料乳を用いて簡便に製造する方法を提供することを目的とする。
-39.3×乳タンパク質含量(%)+198≦X(%)≦64
-39.3×乳タンパク質含量(%)+198≦X(%)≦64
-44.3×乳タンパク質含量(%)+201≦X(%)≦64
-44.3×乳タンパク質含量(%)+201≦X(%)≦64
(1)30mM Z-Gln-Glyを含む0.2Mリン酸バッファー(pH6.5)1mlにタンパク質脱アミド酵素を含む水溶液0.1mlを添加して、37℃、10分間インキュベートした後、0.4M TCA溶液を1ml加えて反応を停止させた。ブランクとして、30mM Z-Gln-Glyを含む0.2Mリン酸バッファー(pH6.5)1ml と0.4M TCA溶液を1ml加えたものに、タンパク質脱アミド酵素を含む水溶液0.1mlを添加したもの37℃で10分間インキュベートしたものを調製した。
(2)(1)で得られた溶液についてアンモニアテストワコー(和光純薬)を用いて反応により生じたアンモニア量の測定を行った。アンモニア標準液(塩化アンモニウム)を用いて作成したアンモニア濃度と吸光度(630nm)の関係を表す検量線より、反応液中のアンモニア濃度を求めた。
(3)タンパク質脱アミド酵素の活性は、1分間に1μmolのアンモニアを生成する酵素量を1単位とし、以下の式から算出した。
酵素活性(u/ mL)= 反応液中のアンモニア濃度(mg/L)×(1/17.03)×(反応液量/酵素溶液量)×(1/10)×Df
(17.03:アンモニアの分子量 2.1:酵素反応系の液量 0.1:酵素溶液量 10:反応時間 Df:酵素溶液の希釈倍数)
なお、上記の特許文献の各開示を、本書に引用をもって繰り込むものとする。本発明の全開示(請求の範囲を含む)の枠内において、さらにその基本的技術思想に基づいて、実施形態ないし実施例の変更・調整が可能である。また、本発明の請求の範囲の枠内において種々の開示要素の多様な組み合わせないし選択が可能である。すなわち、本発明は、請求の範囲を含む全開示、技術的思想にしたがって当業者であればなし得るであろう各種変形、修正を含むことは勿論である。
Claims (10)
- 乳脂肪分含量が0.0重量%以上0.5重量%未満である無脂肪乳に、カゼイン含有乳タンパク質を添加して、乳タンパク質含量が4.5重量%以上4.8重量%以下である乳原料混合液を調製する工程a)と、
該乳原料混合液に、タンパク質脱アミド酵素を添加、作用させ、該乳原料混合液中の乳タンパク質の脱アミド化率Xが式(1)を満たす脱アミド処理乳原料混合液を調製する工程b)と、
該脱アミド処理乳原料混合液にスターターを添加する工程c)と
を含むことを特徴とするヨーグルトの製造方法。
-39.3×乳タンパク質含量(%)+198≦X(%)≦64 (1) - 乳脂肪分含量が0.0重量%以上0.5重量%未満である無脂肪乳に、カゼイン含有乳タンパク質を添加して、乳タンパク質含量が4.8重量%以上5.0重量%以下である乳原料混合液を調製する工程a)と、
該乳原料混合液に、タンパク質脱アミド酵素を添加、作用させ、該乳原料混合液中の乳タンパク質の脱アミド化率が9%以上64%以下である脱アミド処理乳原料混合液を調製する工程b)と、
該脱アミド処理乳原料混合液にスターターを添加する工程c)と
を含むことを特徴とするヨーグルトの製造方法。 - カゼイン含有乳タンパク質に水とタンパク質脱アミド酵素を添加、作用させ、脱アミド処理乳タンパク質を調製する工程a)と、
乳脂肪分含量が0.0重量%以上0.5重量%未満である無脂肪乳に、該脱アミド処理乳タンパク質を添加して、乳タンパク質含量が4.5重量%以上4.8重量%以下であり、かつ乳原料混合液中の乳タンパク質の脱アミド化率Xが式(1)を満たす乳原料混合液を調製する工程b)と、
該乳原料混合液にスターターを添加する工程c)と
を含むことを特徴とするヨーグルトの製造方法。
-39.3×乳タンパク質含量(%)+198≦X(%)≦64 (1) - カゼイン含有乳タンパク質に水とタンパク質脱アミド酵素を添加、作用させ、脱アミド処理乳タンパク質を調製する工程a)と、
乳脂肪分含量が0.0重量%以上0.5重量%未満である無脂肪乳に、該脱アミド処理乳タンパク質を添加して、乳タンパク質含量が4.5重量%以上4.8重量%以下であり、かつ乳原料混合液中の乳タンパク質の脱アミド化率9%以上64%以下である乳原料混合液を調製する工程b)と、
該乳原料混合液にスターターを添加する工程c)と
を含むことを特徴とするヨーグルトの製造方法。 - 乳脂肪分含量が0.5重量%以上1.5重量%未満である低脂肪乳に、カゼイン含有乳タンパク質を添加して、乳タンパク質含量が4.0重量%以上4.5重量%以下である乳原料混合液を調製する工程a)と、
該乳原料混合液に、タンパク質脱アミド酵素を添加、作用させ、該乳原料混合液中の乳タンパク質の脱アミド化率Xが式(2)を満たす脱アミド処理乳原料混合液を調製する工程b)と、
該脱アミド処理乳原料混合液にスターターを添加する工程c)と
を含むことを特徴とするヨーグルトの製造方法。
-44.3×乳タンパク質含量(%)+201≦X(%)≦64 (2) - カゼイン含有乳タンパク質に水とタンパク質脱アミド酵素を添加、作用させ、脱アミド処理乳タンパク質を調製する工程a)と、
乳脂肪分含量が0.5重量%以上1.5重量%以下である低脂肪乳に、該脱アミド処理乳タンパク質を添加して、乳タンパク質含量が4.0重量%以上4.5重量%以下であり、かつ乳原料混合液中の乳タンパク質の脱アミド化率Xが式(2)満たす乳原料混合液を調製する工程b)と、
該乳原料混合液にスターターを添加する工程c)と
を含むことを特徴とするヨーグルトの製造方法。
-44.3×乳タンパク質含量(%)+201≦X(%)≦64(2) - タンパク質脱アミド酵素が、クリセオバクテリウム属由来の酵素である請求項1乃至6の何れかに記載の方法。
- タンパク質脱アミド酵素の添加量が、乳タンパク質1g当り、0.01~100ユニットである請求項1乃至7の何れかに記載の方法。
- 乳タンパク質が脱脂粉乳である請求項1乃至8の何れかに記載の方法。
- 請求項1乃至9の何れかに記載の方法で製造されたヨーグルト。
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WO2017170657A1 (ja) * | 2016-03-30 | 2017-10-05 | 味の素株式会社 | ヨーグルトの製造方法 |
US10717971B2 (en) | 2014-03-07 | 2020-07-21 | Ajinomoto Co., Ltd. | Protein deamidase |
WO2022039281A1 (en) * | 2020-08-19 | 2022-02-24 | Ajinomoto Co., Inc. | Methods for producing stirred yogurt |
WO2023048195A1 (ja) * | 2021-09-21 | 2023-03-30 | 天野エンザイム株式会社 | タンパク質発酵飲食品の製造方法 |
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CN102626137B (zh) * | 2012-04-28 | 2013-11-06 | 光明乳业股份有限公司 | 一种低脂无添加酸奶及其制备方法 |
CN103211011B (zh) * | 2013-05-16 | 2014-11-05 | 东北农业大学 | 一种低脂酸奶的制备方法 |
EP3145325A1 (en) | 2014-05-23 | 2017-03-29 | FrieslandCampina Nederland B.V. | Method for the preparation of an acid dairy drink and said acid dairy drink |
CN112006100B (zh) * | 2020-08-28 | 2023-08-29 | 南昌大学 | 一种dha低脂酸奶的制备方法 |
CN116406733A (zh) * | 2021-12-31 | 2023-07-11 | 华东师范大学 | 一种蛋白质谷氨酰胺酶改性酪蛋白及其制备方法和应用 |
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WO2023048195A1 (ja) * | 2021-09-21 | 2023-03-30 | 天野エンザイム株式会社 | タンパク質発酵飲食品の製造方法 |
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