WO2011013560A1 - ベータ型ゼオライト及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B39/00—Compounds having molecular sieve and base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites; Their preparation; After-treatment, e.g. ion-exchange or dealumination
- C01B39/02—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof; Direct preparation thereof; Preparation thereof starting from a reaction mixture containing a crystalline zeolite of another type, or from preformed reactants; After-treatment thereof
- C01B39/46—Other types characterised by their X-ray diffraction pattern and their defined composition
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9445—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC]
- B01D53/945—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC] characterised by a specific catalyst
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/70—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups B01J29/08 - B01J29/65
- B01J29/7007—Zeolite Beta
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/50—Zeolites
- B01D2255/502—Beta zeolites
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/90—Physical characteristics of catalysts
- B01D2255/912—HC-storage component incorporated in the catalyst
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/90—Physical characteristics of catalysts
- B01D2255/92—Dimensions
- B01D2255/9205—Porosity
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/90—Physical characteristics of catalysts
- B01D2255/92—Dimensions
- B01D2255/9207—Specific surface
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
- B01D2258/01—Engine exhaust gases
- B01D2258/012—Diesel engines and lean burn gasoline engines
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
- B01D2258/01—Engine exhaust gases
- B01D2258/014—Stoichiometric gasoline engines
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2229/00—Aspects of molecular sieve catalysts not covered by B01J29/00
- B01J2229/30—After treatment, characterised by the means used
- B01J2229/36—Steaming
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing beta-type zeolite that does not use an organic compound as a beta-type zeolite and a structure-directing agent.
- Synthetic zeolite is crystalline aluminosilicate and has uniform angstrom-sized pores due to its crystal structure. Taking advantage of this feature, synthetic zeolite is industrially used as a molecular sieve adsorbent that adsorbs only molecules having a specific size, an adsorbent separation agent that adsorbs molecules with strong affinity, or a catalyst base.
- One of such zeolites, beta-type zeolite is currently used in large quantities all over the world as a catalyst in the petrochemical industry and as an adsorbent for treating automobile exhaust gas.
- the feature of beta-type zeolite is that it has 12-membered ring pores in the three-dimensional direction as described in Non-Patent Document 1 below. Further, an X-ray diffraction diagram showing the structural features is described in Non-Patent Document 2 below.
- tetraethylammonium ion as a structure directing agent (hereinafter abbreviated as “SDA”).
- SDA structure directing agent
- a beta zeolite having a SiO 2 / Al 2 O 3 ratio of 10 to 400 can be obtained.
- compounds containing tetraethylammonium ions are expensive, and most of them are decomposed after the crystallization of beta zeolite is completed, so that they cannot be recovered and reused. Therefore, the beta zeolite produced by this method is expensive.
- Non-Patent Document 4 a method for synthesizing beta zeolite that does not use organic SDA has been recently proposed in Non-Patent Document 4.
- a beta zeolite synthesized using tetraethylammonium ions is calcined to remove organic components and used as a seed crystal. This is added to a sodium aluminosilicate reaction mixture containing no organic matter, and hydrothermally treated. Crystallization is performed by performing However, in this method, since beta-type zeolite synthesized using tetraethylammonium ions is calcined and used as seed crystals, the amount of SDA used is reduced, but tetraethylammonium ions as SDA are always required.
- composition of the sodium aluminosilicate reaction mixture is only an example in which the numerical values are limited. Therefore, although the composition of the synthesized beta zeolite is not specified, it is considered that only a fixed value is obtained.
- Patent Document 4 by the author of Non-Patent Document 4 discloses the SiO 2 / Al 2 O 3 ratio of the seed crystal, and the composition of the sodium aluminosilicate reaction mixture is not a point composition but a narrow point. It is described as a range.
- the disclosure of Patent Document 4 is basically the same technology as that of Non-Patent Document 4, and the composition range of the reaction mixture is narrow, so the SiO 2 / Al 2 O 3 ratio of beta-type zeolite is limited. Limited to a limited range.
- zeolites having a wide SiO 2 / Al 2 O 3 ratio range are desirable.
- establishment of conditions capable of stirring synthesis is desired.
- the object of the present invention is to eliminate the disadvantages of the prior art described above and to obtain a beta zeolite with a wide SiO 2 / Al 2 O 3 ratio, particularly a low zeolite with a low SiO 2 / Al 2 O 3 ratio. It is to provide a method for producing a beta-type zeolite that does not use organic SDA, which can reduce the environmental burden as much as possible by establishing conditions under which stirring and synthesis can be performed for mass production.
- the present inventors have found that the above object can be achieved by producing a beta zeolite by a specific production procedure.
- the present invention is a beta zeolite having a SiO 2 / Al 2 O 3 ratio of 10 to 16,
- the BET specific surface area measured in the sodium-type state is 500 to 700 m 2 / g
- the micropore specific surface area is 350 to 500 m 2 / g
- the micropore volume is 0.15 to 0.25 cm 3 / g.
- the present invention provides a beta-type zeolite characterized by
- reaction mixture Added to the reaction mixture in a proportion of 0.1 to 20% by weight with respect to the components; (3) To provide a method for producing a beta zeolite, wherein the reaction mixture to which the seed crystal is added is hermetically heated at 100 to 200 ° C.
- a beta zeolite having a high BET specific surface area, a high micropore specific surface area and a high micropore volume despite the low SiO 2 / Al 2 O 3 ratio is provided.
- a beta zeolite having a wide SiO 2 / Al 2 O 3 ratio can be easily obtained.
- the environmental load can be reduced as much as possible without using organic SDA as much as possible in the production of beta zeolite.
- FIG. 1 is a process diagram for carrying out the production method of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a scanning electron microscope image of a beta zeolite having a SiO 2 / Al 2 O 3 ratio for seed crystal of 24.0 synthesized in the reference example.
- FIG. 3 is a scanning electron microscope image of a beta zeolite having a SiO 2 / Al 2 O 3 ratio for seed crystal of 18.4 synthesized in the reference example.
- FIG. 4 is a scanning electron microscope image of a beta zeolite having a SiO 2 / Al 2 O 3 ratio for seed crystal of 14.0 synthesized in the reference example.
- FIG. 1 is a process diagram for carrying out the production method of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a scanning electron microscope image of a beta zeolite having a SiO 2 / Al 2 O 3 ratio for seed crystal of 24.0 synthesized in the reference example.
- FIG. 3 is a scanning electron microscope image of a beta zeolite having a SiO 2
- FIG. 5 is an X-ray diffraction pattern after calcining a beta zeolite having a SiO 2 / Al 2 O 3 ratio for seed crystal of 24.0 synthesized in the reference example.
- 6 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of the beta zeolite obtained in Example 1.
- FIG. 7 is a scanning electron microscope image of the beta zeolite obtained in Example 1.
- FIG. 8 is a scanning electron microscope image of the beta zeolite obtained in Example 6.
- FIG. 9 is a scanning electron microscope image of the beta zeolite obtained in Example 16.
- FIG. 10 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of the beta zeolite obtained in Example 18.
- FIG. 11 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of the beta zeolite obtained in Example 19.
- FIG. 11 is a scanning electron microscope image of the beta zeolite obtained in Example 19.
- FIG. 13 is a scanning electron microscope image of the beta zeolite obtained in Example 26.
- FIG. 14 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of the beta zeolite evaluated in Example 27.
- FIG. 15 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of the beta zeolite evaluated in Example 28.
- FIG. 16 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of the beta zeolite evaluated in Example 29.
- the beta zeolite of the present invention is characterized by having a high BET specific surface area, a high micropore specific surface area, and a high micropore volume, despite being aluminum-rich with a low SiO 2 / Al 2 O 3 ratio.
- Beta-type zeolites having a low SiO 2 / Al 2 O 3 ratio have been known so far, but such beta-type zeolites were not high in BET specific surface area, micropore specific surface area, and micropore volume.
- the SiO 2 / Al 2 O 3 ratio has to be increased.
- the beta zeolite of the present invention has an SiO 2 / Al 2 O 3 ratio of 10 to 16, preferably 10 to 14, and is rich in aluminum.
- Such an aluminum-rich beta-type zeolite of the present invention has a BET specific surface area measured in the sodium-type state of 500 to 700 m 2 / g, preferably 550 to 700 m 2 / g.
- the micropore specific surface area measured in a sodium type state has a high value of 350 to 500 m 2 / g, preferably 380 to 500 m 2 / g.
- the micropore volume measured in the sodium type state has a high value of 0.15 to 0.25 cm 3 / g, preferably 0.18 to 0.25 cm 3 / g.
- the beta-type zeolite of the present invention includes a sodium-type zeolite, and further includes a sodium-type zeolite ion-exchanged with protons to form an H + type.
- the beta zeolite is of the H + type, the measurement of the specific surface area and the like is performed after the proton is replaced with sodium ions.
- the sodium type beta zeolite is dispersed in an aqueous ammonium salt solution such as ammonium nitrate, and the sodium ions in the zeolite are replaced with ammonium ions. By calcining this ammonium type beta zeolite, an H + type beta zeolite can be obtained.
- the aluminum-rich beta zeolite of the present invention having the above-mentioned physical properties is suitably produced by a production method described later.
- the reason why the above-described physical properties can be achieved is that the use of the production method can suppress the occurrence of defects that may occur in the crystal structure of the obtained beta zeolite.
- the details are not clear.
- the beta-type zeolite of the present invention is particularly suitable as an exhaust gas purification catalyst for an internal combustion engine such as a gasoline engine or a diesel engine, an adsorption separation agent in various industrial fields, a catalyst in the petrochemical industry, etc., taking advantage of its physical properties. Used.
- the beta zeolite of the present invention is excellent in the trap of hydrocarbons discharged at the cold start of the internal combustion engine and the release of trapped hydrocarbons, as illustrated in the examples described later.
- the temperature of the three-way catalyst is not high enough at the cold start of the gasoline engine or diesel engine.
- exhaust gas at the cold start can be trapped by the catalyst, and emission of exhaust gas can be suppressed.
- hydrocarbons trapped in the catalyst containing the beta zeolite of the present invention are released, and the released hydrocarbons reach the operating temperature. Purified by the reached three-way catalyst.
- the beta zeolite of the present invention is surprisingly superior in hydrocarbon trapping performance after hydrothermal treatment than immediately after its synthesis. A decrease in the trap performance of hydrocarbons due to the heat received after the cold start is effectively prevented.
- the beta zeolite of the present invention is used as a purification catalyst for exhaust gas, it is preferably used in an H + type state.
- FIG. 1 the conventional synthesis method of beta zeolite using organic SDA is performed in the order of ⁇ 1>, ⁇ 2>, ⁇ 3>.
- the methods disclosed in Patent Document 4 and Non-Patent Document 4 are performed in the order of ⁇ 1>, ⁇ 2>, ⁇ 3>, ⁇ 4>, ⁇ 5>, ⁇ 6>, ⁇ 9>. .
- Patent Document 4 In the methods described in Patent Document 4 and Non-Patent Document 4, the use of seed crystals is essential, and SDA called tetraethylammonium ion is essential for the production of seed crystals. Moreover, in order to use the beta-type zeolite obtained by the method of patent document 4 and nonpatent literature 4 as a seed crystal, it is necessary to remove a tetraethylammonium ion by high temperature baking.
- the first method is the same ⁇ 1>, ⁇ 2>, ⁇ 3>, ⁇ 4>, ⁇ 5>, ⁇ 6>, ⁇ 9> as the method described in Patent Document 4 and the like.
- the SiO 2 / Al 2 O 3 ratio of the seed crystal and the composition of the reaction mixture are different from the methods described in Patent Document 4 and Non-Patent Document 4. Therefore, according to the present invention, beta-type zeolite having a wide range of SiO 2 / Al 2 O 3 ratio can be produced.
- the second method is a method performed in the order of ⁇ 1>, ⁇ 2>, ⁇ 3>, ⁇ 4>, ⁇ 5>, ⁇ 7>, ⁇ 6>, ⁇ 9>.
- a seed crystal having a low SiO 2 / Al 2 O 3 ratio can be effectively used by standing and heating after aging.
- the operation of aging is not shown in Patent Document 4 and Non-Patent Document 4.
- the third method is a method performed in the order of ⁇ 1>, ⁇ 2>, ⁇ 3>, ⁇ 4>, ⁇ 5>, ⁇ 7>, ⁇ 8>, ⁇ 9>.
- the SiO 2 / Al 2 O 3 ratio of the seed crystal and the reaction mixture composition are different from those described in Patent Document 4 and Non-Patent Document 4.
- the aging and stirring operations performed by this method are not shown in Patent Document 4 and Non-Patent Document 4.
- the aging and stirring operations are a new method necessary for mass production of beta zeolite. The reason is that a large pressurized container is necessary for mass production, and a stirring operation is indispensable to keep the internal temperature of such a pressurized container uniform. However, if stirring is performed without aging operation, impurities are accompanied and the purity tends to decrease.
- the following three orders are also possible.
- the SiO 2 / Al 2 O 3 ratio of the seed crystal and the composition of the reaction mixture are different from the methods described in Patent Document 4 and Non-Patent Document 4.
- the beta zeolite obtained by the method of the present invention is used as a seed crystal to be used. That is, in these three production methods, seed crystals can be used repeatedly, and thus organic SDA is essentially not used.
- these three production methods can be said to be methods for producing a beta zeolite by a green process that has an extremely low environmental load. For the first time by these production methods, “green beta zeolite” is produced.
- the method of the present invention will be described in further detail.
- the method in the order of ⁇ 1>, ⁇ 2>, and ⁇ 3> in FIG. 1 is the same as the conventional method using organic SDA, and is disclosed in many known information such as Patent Documents 1 to 3 and Non-Patent Document 3.
- the methods and conditions are as follows.
- Patent Document 4 the SiO 2 / Al 2 O 3 ratio range of the seed crystal is limited to a narrow range of 22-25.
- one of the features of the present invention is the SiO 2 / Al 2 O 3 ratio of the seed crystal indicated by ⁇ 4> in FIG.
- Non-Patent Document 3 describes a method of synthesizing a beta zeolite having a SiO 2 / Al 2 O 3 ratio of 10 or more using SDA.
- Beta-type zeolite having a seed crystal SiO 2 / Al 2 O 3 ratio of less than 8 is generally not used because it is extremely difficult to synthesize. If the SiO 2 / Al 2 O 3 ratio of the seed crystal exceeds 30, the product tends to be ZSM-5 regardless of the composition of the reaction mixture.
- the seed crystal is added in an amount of 0.1 to 20% by weight based on the silica component contained in the reaction mixture. The amount added is preferably small, but is determined in consideration of the reaction rate and the effect of suppressing impurities. A preferred addition amount is 1 to 20% by weight, and a more preferred addition amount is 1 to 10% by weight.
- the average particle size of the beta type zeolite seed crystals used in the production method of the present invention is 150 nm or more, preferably 150 to 1000 nm, and more preferably 200 to 600 nm.
- the size of the zeolite crystals obtained by the synthesis is generally not uniform, and it is not difficult to determine the crystal particle size having a certain degree of particle size distribution and having the maximum frequency.
- the average particle diameter refers to the maximum particle diameter of crystals in observation with a scanning electron microscope.
- Beta-type zeolite using organic SDA generally has a small average particle size and is generally in the range of 100 nm to 1000 nm. However, the particle diameter is unclear due to the aggregation of small particles, or there are those exceeding 1000 nm.
- beta zeolite having an average particle size of 150 nm or more is used as a seed crystal. Since the beta zeolite obtained by the method of the present invention also has an average particle size in this range, it can be suitably used as a seed crystal.
- the reaction mixture to which the seed crystal is added is obtained by mixing a silica source, an alumina source, an alkali source, and water so as to have a composition represented by the molar ratio shown below. If the composition of the reaction mixture is outside this range, the intended beta zeolite cannot be obtained.
- Patent Document 4 and Non-Patent Document 4 the SiO 2 / Al 2 O 3 ratio of the produced beta zeolite is not described, but the SiO 2 / Al 2 O 3 ratio of the reaction mixture is limited to a narrow range. Therefore, it is considered that the SiO 2 / Al 2 O 3 ratio of the produced beta zeolite is also in a narrow range.
- the method of the present invention a wide since the range using a reaction mixture having a SiO 2 / Al 2 O 3 ratio of, even wider range of SiO 2 / Al 2 O 3 ratio of beta zeolite to produce.
- a beta type zeolite having a low SiO 2 / Al 2 O 3 ratio can also be obtained.
- silica source used for obtaining the reaction mixture having the above molar ratio examples include silica itself and silicon-containing compounds capable of generating silicate ions in water. Specific examples include wet method silica, dry method silica, colloidal silica, sodium silicate, aluminosilicate gel, and the like. These silica sources can be used alone or in combination of two or more. Among these silica sources, it is preferable to use silica (silicon dioxide) in that a zeolite can be obtained without unnecessary by-products.
- alumina source for example, a water-soluble aluminum-containing compound can be used. Specific examples include sodium aluminate, aluminum nitrate, and aluminum sulfate.
- Aluminum hydroxide is also a suitable alumina source. These alumina sources can be used alone or in combination of two or more. Of these alumina sources, it is preferable to use sodium aluminate or aluminum hydroxide because zeolite can be obtained without unnecessary by-products (for example, sulfate, nitrate, etc.).
- the alkali source for example, sodium hydroxide can be used.
- sodium silicate is used as the silica source or sodium aluminate is used as the alumina source
- sodium which is an alkali metal component contained therein is simultaneously regarded as NaOH and is also an alkali component.
- NaOH sodium hydroxide
- the method of adding the raw materials when preparing the reaction mixture may be a method that facilitates obtaining a uniform reaction mixture.
- a uniform reaction mixture can be obtained by adding and dissolving an alumina source in an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution at room temperature, then adding a silica source and stirring and mixing.
- the seed crystals are added with mixing with the silica source or after the silica source is added. Thereafter, stirring and mixing are performed so that the seed crystals are uniformly dispersed.
- the temperature at which the reaction mixture is prepared and generally the reaction may be performed at room temperature (20 to 25 ° C.).
- the reaction mixture containing seed crystals is placed in a closed container and heated to react to crystallize the beta zeolite.
- This reaction mixture does not contain organic SDA.
- One method for performing crystallization is heating by standing method without aging as shown in Patent Document 4 and Non-Patent Document 4 ( ⁇ 4>, ⁇ 5>, ⁇ 6> ⁇ 9> procedure).
- aging refers to an operation of maintaining the temperature at a temperature lower than the reaction temperature for a certain period of time. In aging, generally, it is left without stirring. It is known that effects such as prevention of by-product impurities, enabling heating under stirring without by-product impurities, and increasing the reaction rate can be achieved by aging. However, the mechanism of action is not always clear.
- the temperature and time for aging are set so that the above-mentioned effects are maximized.
- aging is preferably performed at 20 to 80 ° C., more preferably 20 to 60 ° C., and preferably in the range of 2 hours to 1 day.
- the three methods described below are methods for producing a beta zeolite by the green process, which is a feature of the present invention. According to these three methods, infinite self-reproduction using the beta-type zeolite obtained by the present invention as a seed crystal is possible, and a production process using no organic SDA is possible. That is, a method in the order ⁇ 10>, ⁇ 5>, ⁇ 6>, ⁇ 9>, a method in the order ⁇ 10>, ⁇ 5>, ⁇ 7>, ⁇ 6>, ⁇ 9>, ⁇ 10>, It is a method in the order of ⁇ 5>, ⁇ 7>, ⁇ 8>, ⁇ 9>. The characteristics of each process are as described above.
- the SiO 2 / Al 2 O 3 ratio of the beta zeolite obtained by the present invention is preferably in the range of 8-30.
- the crystallization of the beta zeolite can be performed without a ripening operation in the case of static synthesis in spite of its low SiO 2 / Al 2 O 3 ratio. Is possible.
- a beta zeolite synthesized using organic SDA is used as a seed crystal, a calcined product is used.
- the beta zeolite obtained in the present invention is used, the calcining is not necessary. It is estimated that this difference appears in the difference in effect as a seed crystal, but details are not clear.
- aging is preferably performed.
- the heating temperature is in the range of 100 to 200 ° C., preferably 120 to 180 ° C., and heating is performed under an autogenous pressure. If the temperature is lower than 100 ° C., the crystallization rate becomes extremely slow, so that the production efficiency of the beta zeolite is deteriorated. On the other hand, when the temperature exceeds 200 ° C., an autoclave having a high pressure resistance is required, which is not economical, and the generation rate of impurities increases.
- the heating time is not critical in the present production method, and it may be heated until a beta zeolite with sufficiently high crystallinity is produced. In general, satisfactory crystalline beta zeolite can be obtained by heating for about 5 to 150 hours.
- an amorphous component is accompanied when the heating time is insufficient. Further, when the heating is continued after the crystallization of the beta zeolite is completed, the growth of mordenite starts, and the proportion of the beta zeolite decreases. The time during which only the target beta-type zeolite is stably present as a single phase varies depending on the temperature, but is generally not long. In order to obtain a single-phase beta-type zeolite, the heating is terminated before the growth of mordenite starts, the sealed container is cooled, and the reaction is terminated.
- mordenite is accompanied by a very small amount of mordenite, but it is certain that a single-phase beta can be obtained if the heating time is slightly shortened in these examples.
- the entrainment of a very small amount of mordenite does not significantly impair the properties of the beta zeolite, and such a beta zeolite can sufficiently withstand use.
- Crystals of beta zeolite are obtained by the heating. After completion of the heating, the produced crystal powder is separated from the mother liquor by filtration, then washed with water or warm water and dried. Since the organic substance is not contained in the dried state, there is no need for baking, and if dehydration is performed, it can be used as an adsorbent. Moreover, when using as a solid acid catalyst, it can be used as an H + type by, for example, exchanging Na + ions in the crystal with NH 4 + ions and then firing.
- the beta zeolite obtained by this production method utilizes its large pore diameter, pore volume and solid acid characteristics, for example, a purification catalyst for exhaust gas of internal combustion engines such as gasoline engines and diesel engines, and various industrial fields. It is preferably used as an adsorbing / separating agent in and a catalyst in the petrochemical industry.
- Powder X-ray diffractometer manufactured by Mac Science Co., Ltd., powder X-ray diffractometer MO3XHF 22 , using Cuk ⁇ ray, voltage 40 kV, current 30 mA, scan step 0.02 °, scan speed 2 ° / min
- Composition analyzer ICP-AES LIBERTY Series II manufactured by Varian Scanning Electron Microscope: Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope S-4800, manufactured by Hitachi High- Proceedings S Corporation BET surface area measuring device: AUTOSORB-1 manufactured by Cantachrome Instruments
- a reaction mixture having the composition described in Table 1 was prepared. After aging before heating under the conditions described in Table 1, the product described in Table 1 was obtained as a result of heating without stirring under the conditions described in the same table.
- a reaction mixture having the composition described in Table 1 was prepared.
- the SEM images of the beta zeolite obtained in Examples 6 and 16 are shown in FIGS.
- the X-ray diffraction pattern of the product of Example 18 is shown in FIG.
- the product obtained in the same example was a beta zeolite containing no impurities.
- a reaction mixture having the composition described in Table 1 was prepared using the same raw materials as in Example 1 except that the seed crystal addition amounts were 5%, 2.5%, and 1%, respectively. As a result of standing and heating under the conditions described in Table 1 without aging and stirring, the products described in the same table were obtained.
- the BET specific surface area was 627 m 2 / g
- the micropore specific surface area was 303 m 2 / g
- the micropore volume was 0.159 m 3 / g.
- Example 27 In the present Example, the effectiveness at the time of using the beta-type zeolite obtained in Example 6 as a purification catalyst for exhaust gas of a gasoline engine was evaluated. The evaluation was conducted on trapping performance and acidity of toluene and isooctane as model gases of exhaust gas. Toluene and isooctane are each contained in the exhaust gas by more than 10 percent, and are the main hydrocarbon components of the exhaust gas. The evaluation method is as follows. These evaluations were performed immediately after the conversion and after the hydrothermal treatment after converting the beta zeolite (sodium type) obtained in Example 6 to the H + type. Hydrothermal treatment was performed for the purpose of reproducing the condition after a cold start of the gasoline engine.
- FIG. 14 shows X-ray diffraction patterns of the beta zeolite before sodium treatment and after hydrothermal treatment and after hydrothermal treatment.
- Hydrothermal treatment of H + type beta zeolite was carried out at 800 ° C. for about 5 hours under an air flow containing 10% water vapor (flow rate: 25 ml / min).
- TPD temperature programmed desorption
- a gas chromatograph Shiadzu, GC-9A
- TCD thermal conductivity detector
- Helium flow rate 30 ml / min
- a temperature desorption method of NH 3 was performed using a BEL-CAT apparatus (BEL JAPAN). He (flow rate 30 ml / min) was used as the moving bed, and H + type beta zeolite (before hydrothermal treatment and after hydrothermal treatment) was pretreated at 600 ° C. for about 1 hour. Next, NH 3 was adsorbed at 100 ° C. for 10 minutes in a He atmosphere containing 5 vol% NH 3 . The desorption behavior of NH 3 was observed with a thermal conductivity detector (TCD) while the sample was heated from room temperature to 600 ° C. at 10 ° C. per minute.
- TCD thermal conductivity detector
- Examples 28 and 29 The beta-type zeolite obtained in Examples 16 and 26 was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 27. The results are shown in Table 3 below. 15 (Example 28) and FIG. 16 (Example 29) show the X-ray diffraction diagrams of the beta type zeolite before and after the sodium type and hydrothermal treatment.
- the beta zeolite of the present invention has a trapping performance for hydrocarbons. It is particularly noteworthy that the hydrocarbon trapping performance is improved by hydrothermal treatment as compared with that before hydrothermal treatment.
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Abstract
Description
ナトリウム型の状態で測定されたBET比表面積が500~700m2/gであり、ミクロ孔比表面積が350~500m2/gであり、かつミクロ孔容積が0.15~0.25cm3/gであることを特徴とするベータ型ゼオライトを提供するものである。
(1)以下に示すモル比で表される組成の反応混合物となるように、シリカ源、アルミナ源、アルカリ源、及び水を混合し、
SiO2/Al2O3=40~200
Na2O/SiO2=0.22~0.4
H2O/SiO2=10~50
(2)SiO2/Al2O3比が8~30であり、且つ平均粒子径が150nm以上である有機化合物を含まないベータ型ゼオライトを種結晶として用い、これを、前記反応混合物中のシリカ成分に対して0.1~20重量%の割合で該反応混合物に添加し、
(3)前記種結晶が添加された前記反応混合物を100~200℃で密閉加熱することを特徴とするベータ型ゼオライトの製造方法を提供するものである。
・<10>、<5>、<6>、<9>
・<10>、<5>、<7>、<6>、<9>
・<10>、<5>、<7>、<8>、<9>
これらの場合も種結晶のSiO2/Al2O3比や、反応混合物の組成が、特許文献4及び非特許文献4に記載の方法と異なる。そのうえ、これらの三通りの方法では、使用する種結晶として、本発明の方法によって得られたベータ型ゼオライトを用いている。すなわち、この三通りの製造方法では種結晶が繰り返し使用可能なので、本質的に有機SDAを使用しない。要するに、この三通りの製造方法は、環境負荷が究極的に小さいグリーンプロセスによるベータ型ゼオライトの製造方法ということができる。これらの製造方法によって初めて、“グリーンベータ型ゼオライト”が製造される。
・SiO2/Al2O3=40~200
・Na2O/SiO2=0.22~0.4
・H2O/SiO2=10~50
・SiO2/Al2O3=44~200
・Na2O/SiO2=0.24~0.35
・H2O/SiO2=15~25
組成分析装置:(株)バリアン製、ICP-AES LIBERTY SeriesII
走査型電子顕微鏡:(株)日立ハイテクノロジーズ社製、電界放出型走査電子顕微鏡 S-4800
BET表面積測定装置:(株)カンタクローム インスツルメンツ社製 AUTOSORB-1
テトラエチルアンモニウムヒドロキシドをSDAとして用い、アルミン酸ナトリウムをアルミナ源、微粉状シリカ(Mizukasil P707)をシリカ源とする従来公知の方法により、165℃、96時間、攪拌加熱を行って、SiO2/Al2O3比がそれぞれ24.0、18.4及び14.0のベータ型ゼオライトを合成した。これらを電気炉中で空気を流通しながら550℃で10時間焼成して、有機物を含まない結晶を製造した。
これらの結晶を走査型電子顕微鏡により観察した結果、平均粒子径はそれぞれ280nm(SiO2/Al2O3比=24.0)、330nm(SiO2/Al2O3比=18.4)及び220nm(SiO2/Al2O3比=14.0)であった。それぞれの結晶の走査型電子顕微鏡像(SEM像)を図2、図3及び図4に示す。SiO2/Al2O3比=24.0のベータ型ゼオライトを焼成した後のX線回折図を図5に示す。この有機物を含まないベータ型ゼオライトの結晶を、以下に述べる実施例及び比較例において、種結晶として使用した。
純水13.9gに、アルミン酸ナトリウム0.235gと、36%水酸化ナトリウム1.828gを溶解した。微粉状シリカ(Cab-O-sil、M-5)2.024gと、参考例で合成したSiO2/Al2O3比=24.0のベータ型ゼオライト種結晶0.202gを混合したものを、少しずつ前記の水溶液に添加して攪拌混合し、表1に記載した組成の反応混合物を得た。この反応混合物を60ccのステンレス製密閉容器に入れて、熟成及び攪拌することなしに140℃で46時間、自生圧力下で静置加熱した。密閉容器を冷却後、生成物をろ過、温水洗浄して白色粉末を得た。この生成物のX線回折図を図6に示す。同図から判るように、この生成物は不純物を含まないベータ型ゼオライトであった。組成分析の結果、そのSiO2/Al2O3比は11.0であった。また、そのSEM像を図7に示す。典型的な結晶粒子は正八面体型の形状を有し、平均粒子径は300nmであった。
参考例で合成したSiO2/Al2O3比=18.4のベータ型ゼオライトを種結晶として用いた。これ以外は実施例1と同じ原料を用いて、表1に記載した組成の反応混合物を調製した。熟成及び攪拌することなしに表1記載の条件で加熱した結果、表1に記載の生成物が得られた。
参考例で合成したSiO2/Al2O3比=18.4のベータ型ゼオライトを種結晶として用いた。これ以外は実施例1と同じ原料を用いて、表1に記載した組成の反応混合物を調製した。60℃で24時間熟成を行った後、表1記載の条件で攪拌することなく加熱した結果、表1に記載の生成物が得られた。
参考例で合成したSiO2/Al2O3比=14.0のベータ型ゼオライトを種結晶として用いた。これ以外は実施例1と同じ原料を用いて、表1に記載した組成の反応混合物を調製した。表1に記載の条件で加熱前に熟成を行った後に、同表に記載の条件で攪拌することなく加熱した結果、表1に記載の生成物が得られた。
参考例で合成したSiO2/Al2O3比=24.0のベータ型ゼオライトを種結晶として用いた。これ以外は実施例1と同じ原料を用いて、表1に記載した組成の反応混合物を調製した。熟成及び攪拌することなしに表1に記載の条件で静置加熱した結果、同表に記載の生成物が得られた。実施例6及び16で得られたベータ型ゼオライトのSEM像を図8及び9に示す。実施例18の生成物のX線回折図を図10に示す。同図に示すように、同実施例で得られた生成物は、不純物を含まないベータ型ゼオライトであった。
実施例1で合成したSiO2/Al2O3比=11.0のベータ型ゼオライト(平均粒子径300nm)を種結晶として用いた。また、実施例1と同じ原料を用いて、表1に記載した組成の反応混合物を調製した。熟成及び攪拌することなしに表1に記載の条件で静置加熱した結果、同表に記載の生成物が得られた。この生成物のX線回折図を図11に示す。同図に示すように、この生成物は不純物を含まないベータ型ゼオライトであった。また、この生成物のSEM像を図12に示す。典型的な結晶粒子は正八面体型の形状を有し、平均粒子径は500nmであった。
実施例1で合成したSiO2/Al2O3比=11.0のベータ型ゼオライト(平均粒子径300nm)を種結晶として用いた。また、実施例1と同じ原料を用いて、表1に記載した組成の反応混合物を調製した。表1に記載の条件で加熱前の熟成を行った後、20rpmで密閉容器内を攪拌しながら同表に示す条件で加熱した結果、同表に記載の生成物が得られた。
参考例で合成したSiO2/Al2O3比=24.0のベータ型ゼオライトを種結晶として用いた。また、実施例1と同じ原料を用いて、表1に記載した組成の反応混合物を調製した。表1記載の条件で加熱前の熟成を行った後、同表に示す条件で加熱した結果、同表に記載の生成物が得られた。
参考例で合成したSiO2/Al2O3比=24.0のベータ型ゼオライトを種結晶として用いた。種結晶添加量をそれぞれ5%、2.5%、1%とした以外は実施例1と同じ原料を用いて、表1に記載した組成の反応混合物を調製した。熟成及び攪拌することなしに表1に記載の条件で静置加熱した結果、同表に記載の生成物が得られた。
実施例18で合成したSiO2/Al2O3比=13.2のベータ型ゼオライトを種結晶として用いた。実施例1と同じ原料を用いて、表1に記載した実施例18と同じ組成の反応混合物を調製した。熟成及び攪拌することなしに表1に記載の条件で静置過熱した結果、同表に記載の生成物が得られた。生成物のSEM像は図10と同等であった。
実施例16で合成したSiO2/Al2O3比=11.8のベータ型ゼオライトを種結晶として用いた。実施例1と同じ原料を用いて、表1に記載した実施例16と同じ組成の反応混合物を調製した。熟成及び攪拌することなしに表1に記載の条件で静置過熱した結果、同表に記載の生成物が得られた。この生成物のSEM像を図13に示す。
実施例1で使用したものと同じ原料と種結晶を用いて、表2に記載した組成の反応混合物を調製した。表2に記載の条件で加熱した結果、同表に記載の生成物が得られた。
実施例1で使用したものと同じ原料を用いて、表2に記載した組成の反応混合物を調製した。種結晶としては、テトラエチルアンモニウムヒドロキシドを用いて合成したSiO2/Al2O3比=40、平均粒子径=130nmのベータ型ゼオライトを550℃で焼成したものを用いた。表2に記載の条件で加熱した結果、同表に記載の生成物が得られた。
本実施例では、実施例6で得られたベータ型ゼオライトを、ガソリンエンジンの排気ガス用浄化触媒として用いた場合の有効性について評価した。評価は、排気ガスのモデルガスとしてのトルエン及びイソオクタンのトラップ性能並びに酸性度について行った。トルエン及びイソオクタンは、それぞれ排気ガス中に十数パーセント含まれており、排気ガスの主要炭化水素成分である。評価方法は以下のとおりである。これらの評価は実施例6で得られたベータ型ゼオライト(ナトリウム型)を、H+型に変換した後、変換直後と水熱処理後において行った。水熱処理は、ガソリンエンジンのコールドスタート後の状態を再現する目的で行った。H+型への変換方法及び水熱処理の方法は以下のとおりである。評価の結果を以下の表3に示す。また、図14に、ナトリウム型及び水熱処理前及び水熱処理後のベータ型ゼオライトのX線回折図を示す。
実施例6で得られたナトリウム型のベータ型ゼオライト(1g)をポリプロピレン容器に入れ、2mol/Lの硝酸アンモニウム水溶液(30ml)に分散させた。この分散液を80℃で24時間保持した。その後、分散液のろ過を行い、次いで十分な量の蒸留水で洗浄し、100℃で一晩乾燥させた。このようにして得られたアンモニウム型のベータ型ゼオライトを、マッフル炉で室温から500℃まで加熱し、この温度を2時間保持してH+型のベータ型ゼオライトに変換した。引き続き空気流下に500℃で3時間保持した。
10%の水蒸気を含む空気流下(流量25ml/min)に800℃で約5時間にわたりH+型のベータ型ゼオライトの水熱処理を行った。
炭化水素のトラップ性能を評価するため、トルエン及びイソオクタンをプローブ分子として用い、熱伝導度検出器(TCD)を備えたガスクロマトグラフ(島津、GC-9A)によって、昇温脱離法(TPD)を行った。H+型のベータ型ゼオライト(水熱処理前及び水熱処理後)約20gを内径4mmの石英管に入れ、石英ウールとガラスビーズとの間に保持した。移動相としてヘリウム(流量30ml/分)を用い、試料を390℃で約1時間活性化させた。カラムを50℃に冷却した後、トルエンを飽和状態になるまで注入した(パルス法)。トルエンの脱離は、毎分10℃で50℃から390℃までカラムを昇温
させ、390℃を10分間保持することで行った。(W/F:約10-4g・min/cm3)。同様の操作をイソオクタンについても行った。
酸性度の測定には、BEL-CAT装置(BEL JAPAN(株))を用い、NH3の昇温脱離法を行った。移動層としてHe(流量30ml/分)用い、H+型のベータ型ゼオライト(水熱処理前及び水熱処理後)を600℃で約1時間前処理した。次いで、5vol%のNH3を含むHe雰囲気下に、NH3の吸着を100℃で10分間行った。そしてNH3の脱離挙動を、試料を室温から600℃まで毎分10℃で昇温している間、熱伝導度検出器(TCD)によって観察した。
実施例16及び26で得られベータ型ゼオライトについて、実施例27と同様の評価を行った。その結果を以下の表3に示す。また、ナトリウム型及び水熱処理前及び水熱処理後のベータ型ゼオライトのX線回折図を図15(実施例28)及び図16(実施例29)に、示す。
Claims (7)
- SiO2/Al2O3比が10~16であるベータ型ゼオライトであって、
ナトリウム型の状態で測定されたBET比表面積が500~700m2/gであり、ミクロ孔比表面積が350~500m2/gであり、かつミクロ孔容積が0.15~0.25cm3/gであることを特徴とするベータ型ゼオライト。 - (1)以下に示すモル比で表される組成の反応混合物となるように、シリカ源、アルミナ源、アルカリ源、及び水を混合し、
SiO2/Al2O3=40~200
Na2O/SiO2=0.22~0.4
H2O/SiO2=10~50
(2)SiO2/Al2O3比が8~30であり、且つ平均粒子径が150nm以上である有機化合物を含まないベータ型ゼオライトを種結晶として用い、これを、前記反応混合物中のシリカ成分に対して0.1~20重量%の割合で該反応混合物に添加し、
(3)前記種結晶が添加された前記反応混合物を100~200℃で密閉加熱することを特徴とするベータ型ゼオライトの製造方法。 - (1)以下に示すモル比で表される組成の反応混合物となるように、シリカ源、アルミナ源、アルカリ源、及び水を混合し、
SiO2/Al2O3=44~200
Na2O/SiO2=0.24~0.35
H2O/SiO2=15~25
(2)SiO2/Al2O3比が8~30であり、且つ平均粒子径が150nm以上である有機化合物を含まないベータ型ゼオライトを種結晶として用い、これを、前記反応混合物中のシリカ成分に対して0.1~20重量%の割合で該反応混合物に添加し、
(3)前記種結晶が添加された前記反応混合物を120~180℃で密閉加熱することを特徴とする請求項2記載のベータ型ゼオライトの製造方法。 - 種結晶として、請求項2又は3記載の製造方法で製造されたベータ型ゼオライトを用いることを特徴とする請求項2又は3記載の製造方法。
- 反応混合物を加熱する前に、20~80℃の温度下に熟成することを特徴とする請求項2ないし4のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- 密閉加熱する工程で反応混合物を攪拌することを特徴とする請求項2ないし5のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- 請求項1記載のベータ型ゼオライトを含むことを特徴とする内燃機関の排気ガス用浄化触媒。
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BR102014030478B1 (pt) * | 2014-12-05 | 2022-04-05 | Petróleo Brasileiro S.A. – Petrobras | Método de síntese de zeólitas beta |
JP7192463B2 (ja) * | 2017-12-14 | 2022-12-20 | 東ソー株式会社 | β型ゼオライト及びその製造方法 |
EP3995450A4 (en) | 2019-07-03 | 2022-08-17 | Mitsui Mining & Smelting Co., Ltd. | ZEOLITE PRODUCTION PROCESS |
EP3995451A4 (en) | 2019-07-03 | 2022-11-23 | Mitsui Mining & Smelting Co., Ltd. | BETA-TYPE ZEOLITE AND CATALYST WITH IT |
WO2022158588A1 (ja) | 2021-01-25 | 2022-07-28 | 国立大学法人東京大学 | ベータ型ゼオライト及びその製造方法 |
WO2024042830A1 (ja) * | 2022-08-25 | 2024-02-29 | 株式会社キャタラー | 排ガス浄化触媒 |
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KR20120039663A (ko) | 2012-04-25 |
CN102712489A (zh) | 2012-10-03 |
US8282908B2 (en) | 2012-10-09 |
JP2011126768A (ja) | 2011-06-30 |
US20120190534A1 (en) | 2012-07-26 |
CN102712489B (zh) | 2015-11-25 |
EP2457872B1 (en) | 2016-06-08 |
EP2457872A1 (en) | 2012-05-30 |
JP4904417B2 (ja) | 2012-03-28 |
EP2457872A4 (en) | 2014-06-04 |
KR101697804B1 (ko) | 2017-01-18 |
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