WO2011012396A1 - Keramische membranen mit polyaramid-faser haltigen supportmaterialien und verfahren zur herstellung dieser membranen - Google Patents
Keramische membranen mit polyaramid-faser haltigen supportmaterialien und verfahren zur herstellung dieser membranen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2011012396A1 WO2011012396A1 PCT/EP2010/059286 EP2010059286W WO2011012396A1 WO 2011012396 A1 WO2011012396 A1 WO 2011012396A1 EP 2010059286 W EP2010059286 W EP 2010059286W WO 2011012396 A1 WO2011012396 A1 WO 2011012396A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- fibers
- substrate
- suspension
- polyaramid
- membrane according
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/56—Polyamides, e.g. polyester-amides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
- B01D67/0039—Inorganic membrane manufacture
- B01D67/0046—Inorganic membrane manufacture by slurry techniques, e.g. die or slip-casting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/14—Dynamic membranes
- B01D69/141—Heterogeneous membranes, e.g. containing dispersed material; Mixed matrix membranes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
- H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
- H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
- H01M50/417—Polyolefins
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
- H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
- H01M50/42—Acrylic resins
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
- H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
- H01M50/423—Polyamide resins
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
- H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
- H01M50/426—Fluorocarbon polymers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/44—Fibrous material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/449—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/449—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
- H01M50/451—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising layers of only organic material and layers containing inorganic material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/449—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
- H01M50/454—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising a non-fibrous layer and a fibrous layer superimposed on one another
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
- H01M50/494—Tensile strength
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2323/00—Details relating to membrane preparation
- B01D2323/08—Specific temperatures applied
- B01D2323/081—Heating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2323/00—Details relating to membrane preparation
- B01D2323/12—Specific ratios of components used
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
- B01D2325/26—Electrical properties
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24273—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including aperture
- Y10T428/24322—Composite web or sheet
- Y10T428/24331—Composite web or sheet including nonapertured component
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a membrane having a sheet-like flexible substrate with a porous inorganic coating on and in this substrate, which comprises polyaramid fibers which are connected purely or with fibers of at least one further polymer.
- Membranes are thin, porous systems with high permeability to a variety of materials, good mechanical strength and long-term stability against the chemicals and solvents used in their application, for example in the electrolyte of a battery.
- membranes consist predominantly of porous organic polymer films or inorganic nonwovens, such.
- Membranes used as separators typically consist of organic materials, for example of polypropylene or of one
- an electric separator comprising a flat, provided with a plurality of openings, flexible substrate having a coating thereon, which is characterized in that the material of the substrate is selected from metals, alloys, plastics, Glass and carbon fiber or a combination of such materials and the coating is a continuous, porous, electrically non-conductive ceramic
- the material of the Substrate is selected from woven or nonwoven, non-electrically conductive fibers of glass or ceramic or a combination of such materials and the coating is a porous, electrically insulating, ceramic coating, and wherein the resulting separator has a thickness of less than 100 microns and is bendable, has a sufficiently low in conjunction with the electrolyte resistance and still a sufficiently large
- Membranes used as separators for such high performance systems they must be stable in strong bases (40% KOH, temperatures of at least 80 0 C).
- strong bases 40% KOH, temperatures of at least 80 0 C.
- polymeric membranes based on polyolefins this is also currently the case, but with the known disadvantage of low thermal stability.
- membranes which have polymeric substrate materials.
- electrical separators are accessible, which is a flat, with a variety of openings provided flexible substrate having a coating on and in this substrate, wherein the material of the substrate is selected from non-woven, non-electrically conductive fibers of polymers, and the coating is a porous, electrically insulating, ceramic coating.
- This membrane has a thickness of less than 80 .mu.m, is bendable, exhibits a resistance which is sufficiently low in conjunction with an electrolyte, and also has sufficiently high long-term stability.
- the temperature resistance of these membranes is equal to that of the porous inorganic coating.
- the chemical resistance to strong bases is obtained by using stable polymers such.
- Polypropylene / polyethylene or polyacrylonitrile nonwoven and durable ceramic materials such as ZrO 2 and TiO 2 .
- the process temperature is limited by the melting point of the polymer in the nonwovens. This is about 200 0 C. Higher temperatures are not possible according to the current state of the art, without mechanical
- Aramid fibers are produced as nonwovens that serve as separators in lithium ion batteries
- WO 2008/018656 and WO 2008/018657 disclose separators based on a carrier fabric consisting of ceramically infiltrated fibers.
- JP 2006-188770 A, JP 2004-214066 A, and EP 757 071 Bl each disclose textile
- JP 2006-225499 A discloses a textile separator made of aramid fibers for lithium-ion batteries, which is characterized by a special three-dimensional connection structure of the fibers. The use of ceramic fiber fillers is not described.
- Membranes based on both plastics and inorganic ceramics are used, for example, for water treatment.
- WO 2008/70499 describes the use of PTFE membranes.
- WO 97/39981 describes the use of ceramic membranes.
- membranes are used in gas separation, for example disclosed in US 2007/240565 and WO 2002/068092.
- the subject of the present invention is therefore a membrane which comprises a flat, multi-ported, flexible substrate with a porous inorganic coating located on and in this substrate, the material of the
- Substrates is selected from woven or non-woven, non-electrically conductive fibers, which is characterized in that the substrate comprises polyaramid fibers,
- fibers of or at least one of these further polymers have a melting point which is lower than the decomposition point of the polyaramid fibers, or
- the polyaramid fibers are bonded together with at least one polymeric binder.
- This membrane has the advantage of high temperature resistance far into the range above 200 0 C. Furthermore, a significant increase in the tensile and puncture resistance of the finished membrane is achieved by using aramid fibers. This is a significant advantage when using the membrane as a separator in lithium ion batteries, as a penetration of the separator is difficult.
- At least one binder or the fibers of the or at least one of these further polymers have a melting point which is lower than the decomposition point of the polyaramid fibers
- the at least one inorganic component comprising a compound of at least one metal, a semi-metal or a misch metal having at least one element of the 3rd to 7th main groups, and a sol,
- the suspension is solidified on or in or on and in the substrate.
- the invention combines the advantages of ceramic membranes which are described, for example, in DE 10142622, DE 10208277 and DE 10238941, namely US Pat
- the membrane of the invention preserves its integrity Fire.
- the membrane according to the invention has the advantage of high mechanical strength, for example, bending stress or shearing, although the substrate may be very thin. Thin yet mechanically resilient substrates of aramid fibers are not yet realized, because in the prior art are mechanically resilient membranes made of aramid fibers only in conventionally woven or braided form, for example as a diaphragm high-quality speakers, bulletproof garments or in
- polyaramid fibers in turn have a diameter of 0.5 to 50 microns, braided or woven membranes have correspondingly higher thicknesses up to 100 microns or more.
- the polyaramid fibers are interconnected by means of molten polymers, the mechanical
- Separators in high-performance batteries such as lithium-ion batteries can be used. If the membrane of the invention is used as a separator in a battery, this battery in a much higher temperature range, from 50 to 300 0 C, in particular 50 to 200 0 C, can be used due to the higher heat load capacity.
- Another advantage of the claimed membrane is that it shows no shrinkage as compared to prior art membranes.
- membrane according to the invention as a separator in batteries, as a wall cladding, as a protective and support cover of equipment.
- the subject of the invention is a lithium-ion battery, which has the membrane of the invention as a separator.
- the flexible substrate of the membrane according to the invention preferably comprises polyaramid fibers with a diameter of 0.5 to 50 microns, more preferably from 0.5 to 20 microns on.
- the diameter of the fibers of the other polymer (s) may be advantageous to select the diameter of the fibers of the other polymer (s) having a diameter of from 0.5 to 50 .mu.m, particularly preferably from 0.5 to 20 .mu.m, and very particularly preferably from 0.5 to 10 .mu.m, in order to achieve this Minimize membrane weight as much as possible. This allows batteries with superior power to construct, which can be used in many ways.
- the substrate which may be a nonwoven, knitted or woven, preferably has a thickness of 15 to 80 .mu.m, preferably from 25 to 50 .mu.m and most preferably from 15 to 40 .mu.m. If the membrane according to the invention is used as a separator in a battery, the thickness of the substrate has a great influence on its properties, since on the one hand the flexibility, but on the other hand also the sheet resistance of the electrolyte-impregnated separator depends on the thickness of the substrate. Thinner separators allow increased packing density in a stack of batteries, so that one can store a larger amount of energy in the same volume. Furthermore, this can also increase the limiting current density by increasing the electrode area.
- the fibers of the other polymers of the membrane according to the invention may preferably be selected from polyethylene terephthalate, abbreviated PET, polyester, polycarbonates,
- polyacrylonitrile Polyacrylonitrile, polyimides, polyamides, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, polypropylene, or mixtures of these fibers, and / or polyolefin. If only one further polymer is selected, PET is particularly preferred, which has a comparatively high melting point beyond 200 ° C.
- the polymeric binders can be selected from polyurethane, polyvinylidene fluoride,
- the fibers of the substrate in a mixing ratio of the polyaramid Fibers to the fibers of the other polymer or from 10: 1 to 1:10 be present.
- This ratio is particularly preferably 1: 1, very particularly preferably 1: 1 of the polyaramid fiber to PET fiber.
- the mixing ratio of these further polymers may be in the range from 1:10 to 10: 1.
- substrates are thus available which provide an optimal cost-benefit ratio.
- the substrate of the membrane according to the invention preferably has a porosity of 50 to 97%, particularly preferably 75 to 90%.
- the porosity is defined as the volume of the substrate (100%) minus the volume of the fibers of the substrate, ie the proportion of the volume of the substrate that is not filled by material. This porosity keeps the substrate at higher temperatures thanks to the higher melting temperature of the polyaramid fibers
- the substrate of the membrane of the invention may have a melting point of more than 200 0 C.
- the membrane of the invention has a porous, electrically insulating, ceramic
- Coating a non-electrically conductive oxide of the metals Al, Zr, Si, Sn, Ti and / or Y has.
- this membrane has a porosity of 10% to 70%, preferably from 20% to 60% and particularly preferably from 30% to 50%.
- the porosity of the membrane refers to the achievable, ie open pores. It can be determined by the known method of mercury porosimetry or can be calculated from the volume and density of the starting materials used, if it is assumed that only open pores are present.
- the coating located on and in the substrate particularly preferably comprises an oxide of the metals Al, Zr and / or Si.
- the membrane according to the invention may have a tensile strength of more than 5 N / cm. This is a significant improvement over the prior art. At a mixing ratio of polyaramid fibers: PET fibers of 1: 1 in the substrate, the tensile strength of the
- the temperature resistance of the membranes of the invention is significantly improved compared to the prior art.
- a shrinkage of the polyaramid-containing polymer nonwovens as in the ceramic composite membranes of the prior art does not occur. Shrinkage of up to 10% is measured when PET is used. This can be avoided by adding aramid.
- a membrane according to the invention with 50% polyaramid fiber and 50% PET shows a shrinkage below 1%.
- the membrane of the invention can be bent without damage to a radius down to 2 mm. If the membrane is used as a separator in batteries, the high
- Membrane can be made without this being damaged.
- the flexibility also has the advantage that commercially standardized wound cells can be produced with this membrane. In these cells, the electrode / separator layers are spirally wound together in a standardized size and contacted.
- the present invention likewise provides a process for the preparation of the membrane according to the invention, which comprises the steps:
- At least one binder or the fibers of the or at least one of these further polymers have a melting point which is lower than the decomposition point of the polyaramid fibers
- the at least one inorganic component comprising a compound of at least one metal, a semi-metal or a misch metal having at least one element of the 3rd to 7th main groups, and a sol,
- the suspension is solidified on or in or on and in the substrate.
- the fibers of the further polymer or polymers may be selected from polyethylene terephthalate, polyacrylonitrile, polyester, polyimide, polyamide, polytetrafluoroethylene, or a mixture of these fibers, and / or polyolefin, or the polymeric binder selected from polyurethane, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride Hexafluoropropylene copolymer, polyvinylidene fluoride PTFE copolymer, butadiene rubber, (meth) acrylate latex, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol or a mixture of these binders, and the suspension at least one oxide of the metals Al, Zr, Si, Ti and / or Y and / or have a SoI.
- the suspension is applied to and into the substrate by roll coating, printing, pressing, press-fitting, rolling, knife coating, brushing, dipping, spraying or pouring.
- the suspension may comprise at least one sol, at least one semimetal oxide sol or at least one mixed metal sol or mixture of these sols, and by suspending at least one inorganic component in at least one of these sols.
- the suspension present on and in the substrate can be solidified by heating to 50 to 350 ° C., preferably 150 to 250 ° C., on and in the substrate. The heating can be carried out for 0.5 to 10 minutes at a temperature of 110 to 280 0 C.
- At least one or only very poorly electrically conductive oxide of the metals Al, Zr, Si, Sn, Ti and / or Y, and / or a sol at least one
- Halbmetalloxidsol at least one Mischmetalloxidsol, a mixture of these sols, and / or polyaramide particles are used.
- the suspension may comprise a sol, and at least one oxide of the metals Al, Zr, Si, Ti and / or Y, and polyaramid particles.
- the suspension has polyaramide particles, a separator is available which has a significantly increased durability again than a separator obtained by means of the method according to the invention.
- the polyaramid particles present in the ceramic coating in addition to the oxide particles prevent the propagation of kinks or cracks in the ceramic coating of the separator, which occur due to careless handling and can even make useless separators of the prior art.
- the puncture resistance to the ingress of foreign bodies or the accidental squeezing of the separator in the mechanical processing may be greater in separators available by using polyaramid particles, as in conventional ceramic separators. Another advantage of such separators is that significantly less ceramic dust is produced during cutting than when cutting conventional ceramic separators.
- the volume ratio can be determined in the preparation of the separator on the basis of the masses of the polyaramid and oxide particles used by the volume of the individual components is calculated on the density and mass of the materials used.
- An average particle size of the polyaramid particles may preferably be selected to be 0.1 to 30 times, preferably 0.75 to 25 times, preferably 0.9 to 15 times and particularly preferably 1 to 10 times the average particle size of the oxide particles.
- the average particle size of the oxide particles is preferably from 0.1 to 10 .mu.m, preferably from 0.5 to 5 .mu.m and particularly preferably from 1 to 3 .mu.m.
- the mean particle size of the oxide particles and the polyaramid particles can be determined by means of
- Laserkleinwinkelstreuung be determined in the production of the separator.
- the particle size of the polyaramid particles and the oxide particles can be determined by observation by means of a scanning electron microscope.
- a separator having a continuous porous ceramic coating is obtained.
- the polyaramide particles are statistically distributed.
- the implementation of the method according to the invention leaves the spatial shape of the polyaramid particles substantially unchanged.
- this has the advantage that the pore size of the separator obtained are controlled as in the preparation of the ceramic separator according to the invention without the use of polymeric particles by the choice of the inorganic component and the sol of the suspension and the subsequent treatment for the solidification can.
- the method can therefore be controlled without modifications that would be expected by a person skilled in the art due to the polymeric fraction in the slurry, because it has been found that the behavior of the polyaramid particles does not have to be taken into account when solidifying the suspension applied according to the invention.
- the suspension is prepared by suspending at least one inorganic component in at least one of these sols.
- a suspension is preferably used which is electrically insulating in the solidified state.
- the sols are obtained by hydrolyzing at least one compound, preferably at least one metal compound, at least one semimetal compound or at least one
- At least one of a metal nitrate, a metal chloride, a metal carbonate, a metal alcoholate compound or at least a half metal alcoholate compound, more preferably at least one, is preferably used
- Metal alcoholate compound hydrolyzed As the metal alcoholate compound or the half metal alcoholate compound, it is preferable to hydrolyze an alkoxide compound of the elements Zr, Al, Si, Ti and Y or at least one metal nitrate, metal carbonate or metal halide selected from the metal salts of the elements Zr, Al, Si and Ti as the metal compound.
- the hydrolysis is preferably carried out in the presence of water, steam, ice, or an acid or a combination of these compounds.
- particulate sols are prepared by hydrolysis of the compounds to be hydrolyzed. These particulate sols are characterized by the fact that the compounds formed by hydrolysis in the sol are particulate.
- the particulate sols can be prepared as described above or as described in WO 99/15262. These sols usually have a very high water content, which is preferably greater than 50 wt .-%. It may be advantageous to add the compound to be hydrolysed prior to hydrolysis to alcohol or an acid or a combination of these liquids.
- the hydrolyzed compound may be treated for peptization with at least one organic or inorganic acid, preferably with a 10 to 60% organic or inorganic acid, more preferably with a mineral acid selected from sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, perchloric acid, phosphoric acid and nitric acid or a mixture of these acids become.
- the particulate sols thus prepared can then be used to prepare
- Hydrolysis of the compounds to be hydrolyzed polymeric sols produced are distinguished by the fact that the compounds formed in the sol by hydrolysis are present in polymer form, ie chain-like, over a relatively large space.
- the polymeric sols usually have less than 50 wt .-%, preferably much less than 20 wt .-% of water and / or aqueous acid.
- the hydrolysis is preferably carried out so that the compound to be hydrolyzed at the 0.5 to 10-fold molar ratio and preferably at half the molar ratio of water, steam or ice, based on the hydrolyzable group, the hydrolyzable compound, is hydrolyzed.
- suspension according to the invention or used as a primer in a pretreatment step.
- Both the particulate sols and the polymeric sols can act as sols in the inventive method for preparing the suspension can be used.
- commercial sols such as zirconium nitrate or silica sol can be used. The method of production of
- Surface energy of the substrate and is preferably carried out by the preparation of polymeric sols or suspensions of polymeric sols, said sols one or more alcohols, such as.
- methanol, ethanol or propanol or mixtures comprising one or more alcohols and, preferably aliphatic hydrocarbons include.
- other solvent mixtures are also conceivable which can be added to the sol or suspension in order to adapt them in the crosslinking behavior to the substrate used.
- substrates comprising polymer fibers are coated by means of suspensions based on polymeric sols or have been equipped in an upstream step by treatment with a polymeric sol with an adhesion promoter, preferably a silane. It is also advantageous to vorzubehanden the substrate by this a plasma or a
- the suspension as an inorganic component, at least one oxide selected from the oxides of the elements Y, Zr, Al, Si, Sn, and Ti is suspended in a sol.
- an inorganic component containing at least one compound selected from alumina, titania, zirconia and / or silica is suspended.
- the mass fraction of the suspended component is preferably from 0.1 to 500 times, particularly preferably from 1 to 50 times, and very preferably from 5 to 25 times, of the sol employed.
- inorganic components having a mean particle size of 250 to 1250 nm a particularly suitable flexibility and porosity of the membrane is achieved.
- adhesion promoters are in particular compounds selected from the octylsilanes, the fluorinated octylsilanes, the vinylsilanes, the amine-functionalized silanes and / or the glycidyl-functionalized silanes, such as. B. the Dynasilane Fa. Degussa used.
- adhesion promoters for polytetrafluoroethylene are z.
- Fluorinated octylsilanes, for polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) are vinyl, methyl and octylsilanes, where exclusive use of methylsilanes is not optimal, for polyamides and polyamines it is amine functional silanes, for polyacrylates and polyesters it is glycidyl-functionalized silanes and for polyacrylonitrile it is also possible to use glycidyl-functionalized silanes.
- Other adhesion promoters are used, but must be tailored to the respective polymers.
- adhesion promoters must therefore be selected so that the solidification temperature is below the melting, softening or decomposition point of the polymer.
- Suspensions according to the invention preferably have much less than 25% by weight, preferably less than 10% by weight, of compounds which can act as adhesion promoters.
- An optimal proportion of adhesion promoter results from the coating of the fibers and / or particles with a monomolecular layer of the adhesion agent.
- the amount of adhesion promoter in grams required for this purpose can be calculated by multiplying the amount of oxides or fibers used (in g) by the specific surface area of the materials (in m 2 g -1 ) and then dividing by the specific space requirements of the adhesion promoters (in m 2 g "1 ), wherein the specific space requirement is often in the order of 300 to 400 m 2 g " 1 .
- the following table contains an exemplary overview of useful adhesion promoters based on organofunctional Si compounds for typical polymers used as nonwoven material.
- AMEO 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane
- DAMO 2-aminoethyl-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane
- GLYMO 3-glycidyloxytrimethoxysilane
- MEMO 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane
- VTEO vinyltriethoxysilane
- VTMO vinyltrimethoxysilane
- VTMOEO vinyltris (2-methoxyethoxy) silane
- the suspension present on and in the substrate can be solidified by heating to 50 to 350 ° C., the polyaramid fibers being bonded to the polymer or fibers thereof.
- prior art solid state membranes may be subject to the prior art polymer materials under the prior art
- the heating of the composite according to the invention can be carried out by means of heated air, hot air,
- the abovementioned adhesion promoters are applied in an upstream step to the substrate, in particular the polymer fleece.
- the adhesion promoter in a suitable solvent, such. B. dissolved ethanol.
- This solution may also contain a small amount of water, preferably 0.5 to 10 times the amount based on the molar amount of the hydrolyzable group, and small amounts of an acid such.
- HCl or HNO3 as a catalyst for the hydrolysis and condensation of the Si-OR groups.
- This solution is applied to the substrate by spraying, printing, pressing on, rolling-in rolling, knife coating, brushing, dipping, spraying or pouring on and the bonding agent is fixed on the substrate by a temperature treatment at 50 to a maximum of 350 ° C. Only after the application of the primer takes place in this embodiment of the
- inventive method the application and solidification of the suspension.
- adhesion-promoting layers are applied in a pretreatment step in which a polymeric sol is applied and solidified.
- the application and solidification of the polymeric sol is preferably carried out in the same manner as the application and solidification of the suspensions.
- a typical polymeric sol for pretreatment is about a 2 to 10% by weight alcoholic solution of a metal alcoholate (such as titanium ethylate or zirconium propoxide) containing an additional 0.5 to 10 moles of water and small amounts of acid may contain as a catalyst.
- the substrates are preferably treated polymer fabrics at a temperature of up to 350 0 C. This results in a dense film of a metal oxide around the substrate fibers around, whereby an infiltration of the substrate with a suspension or a slurry based on a
- polymeric sols form more dense films than particulate sols and the particulate sols also have ever greater amounts of water in the pore structure of the inter-grain volumes, it is easier to dry polymeric sols than particulate sols. Nevertheless, the membranes must be at
- Temperatures of over 150 0 C are dried so that the ceramic material has a sufficiently good adhesion to the substrate.
- Particularly good adhesion can be achieved at a temperature of at least 200 0 C and very good strength at a temperature of at least 250 0 C.
- Adhesion promoters were added, but also has the advantage that better results are achieved even when using suspensions based on commercially available sols.
- the inventive method can, for. B. be carried out so that the substrate is unrolled from a roll, at a speed of 1 m / h to 2 m / s, preferably with a Speed of 0.5 m / min, up to 20 m / min and most preferably with a
- Suspension on and in the support brings such. B. a roller, and at least one further apparatus, which allows the solidification of the suspension on and in the support by heating, such as. B. passes through an electrically heated oven and the separator thus prepared is rolled up on a second roll. In this way it is possible to produce the separator according to the invention in a continuous process.
- the pretreatment steps can also be carried out in a continuous process while maintaining the aforementioned parameters.
- the membrane according to the invention is suitable for primary and secondary (rechargeable) lithium batteries, nickel metal hydride, nickel cadmium, silver zinc and zinc-air batteries.
- this membrane is suitable to be used as a separator in batteries using the system Li / LiAlCU x SO 2 / LiCoO 2 .
- the membrane according to the invention can be used. This is particularly suitable for use in battery systems with higher permitted
- the membranes according to the invention are equally well suited for use as separators in batteries which are to be charged quickly. Due to the high temperature resistance of the membrane according to the invention as a separator, a battery which is equipped with this, not so sensitive to temperature and therefore tolerate the increase in temperature due to the rapid charge without negative changes of the separator or without damaging the battery. Consequently, these batteries are much faster rechargeable. This is a significant advantage in the use of such kind of equipped batteries in electric vehicles, since they no longer need to be charged for more than 12 hours or longer periods, but the charging within a significantly shorter time is feasible.
- a hydrophilic or hydrophobic coating can be produced by aftertreatment or by reaction with corresponding chemical groups which are known to the person skilled in the art. This can be done for example with Organotrialkoxytheticen of silicon. These can be applied either together with the application of the ceramic material to the substrate or else after the production of the separator.
- the membrane according to the invention can be optimized as a separator for systems with strongly basic electrolytes.
- zirconium oxide or titanium dioxide is used instead of aluminum oxide or silicon dioxide as the inorganic component.
- the substrate needs no modifications.
- Example 1 Preparation of a membrane according to the invention.
- the slurry was rolled onto the nonwoven with a roller that moved in the opposite direction to the direction of tape (direction of movement of the nonwoven).
- the nonwoven then passed through an oven having a temperature of 200 0 C had.
- the same method or arrangement was used. At the end, a membrane with an average pore width of 450 nm was obtained.
- Example 2 Preparation of a membrane according to the invention.
- This slip was homogenized with a magnetic stirrer for at least another 24 hours, with the need to cover the mixing bowl to prevent solvent loss.
- a polyaramid fiber PET nonwoven (mixing ratio 80% polyaramid fiber (manufacturer for example DuPont, type Kevlar) and 20% PET (manufacturer Advansa, type Dacron) with a thickness of about 100 microns and a basis weight of 22 g / m 2 was ( 250 0 C strip speed of about 8 m / h, T) coated in a continuous roll coating process with the above slurry. at the end to obtain a membrane having an average pore size of 240 nm.
- Example 3 Li-ion battery with the membrane according to the invention as a separator.
- a membrane prepared according to Example 1 was incorporated into a Li-ion cell consisting of a positive mass as LiCoO 2 , a negative mass consisting of graphite and an electrolyte of LiPF 6 in ethylene carbonate / dimethyl carbonate [LiCoO 2 (36.3 mg), Active mass 86% // S-450-PET_2, EC / DMC 1: 1, in LiPF6 // graphite (17.0mg), active mass 90%].
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Cell Separators (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP10728225A EP2459302A1 (de) | 2009-07-31 | 2010-06-30 | Keramische membranen mit polyaramid-faser haltigen supportmaterialien und verfahren zur herstellung dieser membranen |
US13/387,750 US9782728B2 (en) | 2009-07-31 | 2010-06-30 | Ceramic membrane having support materials comprising polyaramid fibers and method for producing said membranes |
CN201080034192.8A CN102481526B (zh) | 2009-07-31 | 2010-06-30 | 具有含聚芳酰胺纤维的支撑材料的陶瓷膜及该膜的制造方法 |
JP2012522062A JP5882207B2 (ja) | 2009-07-31 | 2010-06-30 | ポリアラミド繊維含有支持材料を備えるセラミック膜及び前記膜の製造方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102009028145A DE102009028145A1 (de) | 2009-07-31 | 2009-07-31 | Keramische Membranen mit Polyaramid-Faser haltigen Supportmaterialien und Verfahren zur Herstellung dieser Membranen |
DE102009028145.2 | 2009-07-31 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2011012396A1 true WO2011012396A1 (de) | 2011-02-03 |
Family
ID=42671643
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2010/059286 WO2011012396A1 (de) | 2009-07-31 | 2010-06-30 | Keramische membranen mit polyaramid-faser haltigen supportmaterialien und verfahren zur herstellung dieser membranen |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9782728B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP2459302A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP5882207B2 (de) |
KR (1) | KR20120037960A (de) |
CN (1) | CN102481526B (de) |
DE (1) | DE102009028145A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2011012396A1 (de) |
Cited By (2)
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CN111331988A (zh) * | 2020-03-31 | 2020-06-26 | 常州斯威克光伏新材料有限公司 | 一种电池芯软包装膜 |
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US10888824B2 (en) * | 2016-11-16 | 2021-01-12 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Methods for treating filled microporous membranes |
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WO2019036137A1 (en) | 2017-08-17 | 2019-02-21 | Applied Materials, Inc. | LI-ION BATTERY WITHOUT OLEFIN SEPARATOR |
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EP3669973A1 (de) * | 2018-12-20 | 2020-06-24 | Evonik Operations GmbH | Verbundkörper |
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2010
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- 2010-06-30 EP EP10728225A patent/EP2459302A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2010-06-30 WO PCT/EP2010/059286 patent/WO2011012396A1/de active Application Filing
- 2010-06-30 CN CN201080034192.8A patent/CN102481526B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN102481526B (zh) | 2015-08-12 |
US9782728B2 (en) | 2017-10-10 |
US20120251890A1 (en) | 2012-10-04 |
KR20120037960A (ko) | 2012-04-20 |
JP5882207B2 (ja) | 2016-03-09 |
EP2459302A1 (de) | 2012-06-06 |
CN102481526A (zh) | 2012-05-30 |
DE102009028145A1 (de) | 2011-02-03 |
JP2013501082A (ja) | 2013-01-10 |
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