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Definitions

• the present invention relates to inhibitors of 11 ⁇ -hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11 ⁇ -HSD1 ), pharmaceutical compositions thereof and methods of using the same.
• Glucocorticoids such as Cortisol (hydrocortisone), are steroid hormones that regulate fat metabolism, function and distribution, and play a role in carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism. Glucocorticoids are also known to have physiological
• Cortisol and other corticosteroids bind both the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), which are members of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily and have been shown to mediate Cortisol function in vivo. These receptors directly modulate transcription via DNA-binding zinc
• glucocorticoid action was attributed to three primary factors: (1 ) circulating levels of glucocorticoid (driven primarily by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis); (2) protein binding of glucocorticoids in circulation; and (3) intracellular receptor density inside target tissues.
• HPA hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal
• tissue-specific pre- receptor metabolism by glucocorticoid-activating and -inactivating enzymes 25 fourth determinant of glucocorticoid function has been identified: tissue-specific pre- receptor metabolism by glucocorticoid-activating and -inactivating enzymes.
• These 11 ⁇ -hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (1 1 ⁇ -HSD) pre-receptor control enzymes modulate activation of GR and MR by regulation of glucocorticoid hormones.
• 11 ⁇ -HSD1 is a bi-directional oxidoreductase that regenerates active Cortisol from inactive 1 1-keto forms, whereas 1 1 ⁇ -HSD2 is a unidirectional
• the two isoforms are expressed in a distinct tissue-specific fashion, consistent with the differences in their physiological roles.
• 11 ⁇ -HSD1 is widely distributed in rat and human tissues; expression of the enzyme and corresponding mRNA have been detected in human liver, adipose tissue, lung, testis, bone and ciliary epithelium.
• increased Cortisol concentrations stimulate adipocyte differentiation and
• 1 1 ⁇ -HSD1 may regulate intraocular pressure and may contribute to glaucoma; some data suggest that inhibition of 11 ⁇ -HSD1 may cause a drop in intraocular pressure in patients with intraocular hypertension (Kotelevstev et al. (1997), Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94(26): 14924-9). Although 1 1 ⁇ -HSD1 catalyzes both 1 1-beta-dehydrogenation and the reverse
• 1 1 ⁇ -HSD1 acts predominantly as a NADPH-dependent oxoreductase in intact cells and tissues, catalyzing the formation of active Cortisol from inert cortisone (Low et al. (1994) J. MoI. Endocrin. 13: 167-174).
• 11 ⁇ -HSD2 expression is found mainly in mineralocorticoid target tissues such as kidney (cortex and medulla), placenta, sigmoid and rectal colon, salivary gland and
• CCD cortisone reductase deficiency
• PCOS polycystic ovary syndrome
• Syndrome X also known as Syndrome X or insulin resistance syndrome
• the symptoms of which include visceral obesity, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, hypertension, type 2 diabetes and hyperlipidemia (Reaven (1993) Ann. Rev. Med. 44: 121-131 ).
• glucocorticoids in human obesity is not fully characterized, there is
• 1 1 ⁇ -HSD1 inhibitors could be effective in combating obesity and/or aspects of the metabolic syndrome cluster, including glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, hypertension, and/or hyperlipidemia (Kotelevstev et al. (1997) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 94: 14924-14929; Morton et al. (2001 ) J. Biol. Chem. 276:
• 11 ⁇ -HSD1 could reduce exposure to glucocorticoids in the brain and thereby protect against deleterious glucocorticoid effects on neuronal function, including cognitive impairment, dementia, and/or depression.
• stress and glucocorticoids influence cognitive function (de Quervain et al. (1998) Nature 394:
• glucocorticoid concentrations and IOP, and 11 ⁇ -HSD1 hence could potentially be used to treat glaucoma and other visual disorders.
• Transgenic aP2-1 1 ⁇ HSD1 mice exhibit high arterial blood pressure and have increased sensitivity to dietary salt. Moreover, plasma angiotensinogen levels are
• angiotensin Il and aldosterone treatments of the mice with an angiotensin Il antagonist alleviates the hypertension
• angiotensin Il antagonist alleviates the hypertension
• This suggests that hypertension may be caused or exacerbated by 11 ⁇ -HSD1 activity.
• 11 ⁇ -HSD1 inhibitors may be useful for treatment of hypertension and hypertension-related cardiovascular disorders.
• PAI-1 plasminogen activator inhibitor 1
• Glucocorticoids can have adverse effects on skeletal tissues; and prolonged exposure to even moderate glucocorticoid doses can result in osteoporosis (Cannalis).
• 25 11 ⁇ -HSD1 is predicted to decrease the local glucocorticoid concentration within
• osteoblasts and osteoclasts thereby producing beneficial effects in various forms of bone disease, including osteoporosis.
• 11 ⁇ -HSD1 inhibitors may also be useful for immunomodulation. Although glucocorticoids are perceived to suppress the immune system, in actuality, there is a
• Glucocorticoids play a role in modulating the balance between cell-mediated and humoral immune response, with
• 1 1 ⁇ -HSD1 inhibitors may be useful for treating such diseases.
• Pathol. 152: 547-554 Patients that exhibit impaired glucose tolerance and/or type 2 diabetes often also have impaired wound healing. Glucocorticoids have been shown to increase the risk of infection and delay wound healing (Anstead (1998) Adv. Wound Care 11 :277-285). Moreover, there is a correlation between elevated levels of Cortisol
• the present invention is directed to compounds represented by the Structural 25 Formula (I):
• R 1a and R 1b are (a) absent if A 1 is a bond, or (b) independently selected from -H, (C r C 6 )alkyl, (C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl, (C 2 -C 6 )alkynyl, or (Ci-C 3 )alkoxy(Ci-C 3 )alkyl,
• R and R 5 1b are attached, are, independently, optionally substituted with up to four
• a 1 is absent or a carbon atom.
• Cy 1 is aryl, heteroaryl, monocyclic cycloalkyl or monocyclic heterocyclyl and is
• Cy 2 is (CrC 6 )alkyl, (C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl, (C 2 -C 6 )alkynyl, (CrC 3 )alkoxy(CrC 3 )alkoxy, (CrC 3 )alkoxy(CrC 3 )alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl, and is optionally substituted with 1 to 4 groups independently selected from halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -NH 2 , -OH, -COOH, -COOR 6 , (C r C 6 )alkyl, (C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl, (C 2 -C 6 )alkynyl, (C r C 6 )alkoxy,
• halo(C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl halo(C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl, halo(C 4 -C 7 )cycloalkylalkyl, halo(CrC 6 )alkoxy, halo(C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkoxy, halo(C 4 -C 7 )cycloalkylalkoxy, (C 1 -C 6 )BIkOXy(C 1 -C 6 )BIkOXy,
• E is (a) a bond or (b) (Ci-C 3 )alkylene or (CrC 2 )alkylenyloxy, wherein the O is 5 attached to R 2 , each of which is optionally substituted with 1 to 4 groups independently selected from methyl, ethyl, trifluoromethyl or oxo;
• R 2 is (C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl and is optionally substituted with up to 4 groups independently selected from halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -NH 2 , -OH, -COOH, (C r C 6 )alkyl, (C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl, (C 2 -C 6 )alkynyl, (C r C 6 )alkoxy,
• halo(C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl halo(C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl, halo(C 4 -C 7 )cycloalkylalkyl, halo(C 1 -C 6 )alkoxy, halo(C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkoxy, halo(C 4 -C 7 )cycloalkylalkoxy, (C 1 -C 6 )BIkOXy(C 1 -C 6 )BIkOXy,
• R 3 is selected from (C r C 6 )alkyl, (C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl, (C 2 -C 6 )alkynyl,
• heterocyclyl which in turn may be optionally substituted with alkyl, haloalkyl, halogen or oxo
• heteroaryl which in turn may be optionally substituted with alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfonyl, halogen, trifluoromethyl, dialkylamino, 10 nitro, cyano, CO 2 H, CONH 2 , N-monoalkyl-substituted amido, N,N-dialkyl-substituted amido, or oxo
• arylamino which in turn may be optionally substituted with alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfonyl, halogen, trifluoromethyl, dialkylamino, nitro, cyano, CO 2 H, CONH 2 , N-monoalkyl-substituted amido and N,N-dialky
• Y is (Ci-C 6 )alkyl, halo(C r C 6 )alkyl or oxo.
• n 0, 1 or 2
• n 1 or 2.
• 20 Q is O, CH 2 Or NR 5 .
• Each R 4 is independently selected from H, (d-C 6 )alkyl, halo(CrC 6 )alkyl, amino(Ci-C 6 )alkyl, (Ci-C 6 )alkylamino(Ci-C 6 )alkyl, di(Ci-C 6 )alkylamino(Ci-C 6 )alkyl, hydroxy(C r C 6 )alkyl and (Ci-C 6 )alkoxy(Ci-C 6 )alkyl.
• Each R 5 is independently H, (C r C 6 )alkyl, halo(C r C 6 )alkyl or
• Each R 6 is independently (C r C 6 )alkyl, (C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl, (C 2 -C 6 )alkynyl or (C r C 6 )alkoxy.
• V 1 is (C 1 -C 6 )alkylene, (C 1 -C 6 )alkenylene, (C 1 -C 6 )alkynylene or
• Each R 7 is independently (C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl or (C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkoxy.
• R 8 is heterocyclyl
• BOST 1499943 1 - 10 - R 9 is (C 4 -C 7 )cycloalkylalkyl, (C 4 -C 7 )cycloalkylalkoxy,
• Another embodiment of the invention is a pharmaceutical composition
• a pharmaceutical composition comprising i) a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent, and ii) a compound of Formulas (I), (II), (N-A), (N-B), (N-C), (N-D), (III), (Nl-A), (Nl-B), (Nl-C), (Nl-D), (Nl-E) (IV), 10 (IV-A), (IV-B), (IV-C), (IV-D), (V), (V-A), (V-B), (V-C) or (V-D).or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof.
• Another embodiment of the invention is a method of inhibiting 11 ⁇ -HSD1 activity comprising the step of administering to a mammal in need of such treatment an effective amount of a compound of Formulas (I), (II), (N-A), (N-B), (N-C), (N-D), (III), 15 (IN-A), (Nl-B), (Nl-C), (Nl-D), (Nl-E) (IV), (IV-A), (IV-B), (IV-C), (IV-D), (V), (V-A), (V-B), (V-C) or (V-D), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof.
• Another embodiment of the invention is a method of treating a subject with a disease associated with the activity or expression of 1 1 ⁇ -HSD1 , comprising the step of 20 administering to the subject an effective amount of an 1 1 ⁇ -HSD1 inhibitor disclosed herein.
• Another embodiment of the invention is the use of a compound of an 1 1 ⁇ -HSD1 inhibitor disclosed herein for the manufacture of a medicament for inhibiting 1 1 ⁇ -HSD1 activity in a mammal in need of such treatment.
• Another embodiment of the invention is the use of an 1 1 ⁇ -HSD1 inhibitor
• Another embodiment of the invention is an 1 1 ⁇ -HSD1 disclosed herein for use in inhibiting 11 ⁇ -HSD1 activity in a mammal in need of such treatment.
• Another embodiment of the invention is an 1 1 ⁇ -HSD1 inhibitor disclosed herein for use in for treating a subject with a disease associated with the activity or expression of 11 ⁇ -HSD1.
• the present invention is directed to compounds represented by the Structural Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof.
• Values and particular values for the variables in Structural Formula I or an enantiomer, a diastereomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof are provided in the following paragraphs. It is understood that the invention encompasses all
• R 1a and R 1b are (a) absent if A 1 is a bond, or (b) independently selected from -H, (CrC 6 )alkyl, (C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl, (C 2 -C 6 )alkynyl, or (C 1 -C 3 )alkoxy(C 1 -C 3 )alkyl,
• R and R 5 1b are attached, are, independently, optionally substituted with up to four groups selected from H, fluorine, cyano, oxo, (CrC 6 )alkyl, halo(CrC 6 )alkyl,
• R 1b is hydrogen
• R 1b is hydrogen and R 1a is optionally substituted (C r C 6 )alkyl.
• R 1b is hydrogen and R 1a is an optionally 10 substituted methyl or ethyl group.
• R 1b is hydrogen and R 1a is methyl.
• R 1a and R 1b are, independently, optionally substituted methyl or ethyl.
• R 1a and R 1b are, independently, 15 optionally substituted methyl.
• R 1a and R 1b are methyl.
• R 1a is optionally substituted (C 3 -C 5 )cycloalkyl.
• R 1a is optionally substituted cyclopropyl.
• R 1a is (C 3 -C 7 )cycloalkyl optionally substituted 20 with up to four groups independently selected from fluorine, cyano, oxo, (CrC 6 )alkyl, halo(Ci-C 6 )alkyl, amino(C r C 6 )alkyl, (Ci-C 6 )alkylamino(Ci-C 6 )alkyl,
• R 1a is (C 3 -C 5 )cycloalkyl optionally substituted 25 with up to four groups independently selected from fluorine, cyano, oxo, (C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, halo(C r C 6 )alkyl, amino(C r C 6 )alkyl, (CrC ⁇ alkylaminotCrC ⁇ alkyl,
• R 1a is cyclopropyl optionally substituted 30 with up to four groups independently selected from fluorine, cyano, oxo, (C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, halo(C r C 6 )alkyl, amino(C r C 6 )alkyl, (C-i-C ⁇ alkylaminotC-i-C ⁇ alkyl,
• R 1a is unsubstituted (C 3 -C 7 )cycloalkyl.
• R 1a is unsubstituted (C 3 -C 5 )cycloalkyl.
• R 1a is unsubstituted cyclopropyl.
• R 1b is hydrogen, (C r C 6 )alkyl, (C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl, (C 2 -C 6 )alkynyl or (C 1 -C 3 )alkoxy(C 1 -C 3 )alkyl, and the (C r C 6 )alkyl, (C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl, (C 2 -C 6 )alkynyl and (C 1 -C 3 )alkoxy(C 1 -C 3 )alkyl, and the group represented by R 1b is optionally substituted with up to four groups independently selected from -H, fluorine, cyano, oxo,
• R 1b is hydrogen or optionally substituted (CrC 6 )alkyl.
• R 1b is hydrogen or optionally substituted 25 methyl.
• R 1b is hydrogen or (C 1 -C 6 )alkyl optionally substituted with up to four groups independently selected from fluorine, cyano, oxo, (C r C 6 )alkyl, halo(C r C 6 )alkyl, amino(C r C 6 )alkyl, (CrC ⁇ alkylaminotCrC ⁇ alkyl, di(C 1 -C 6 )alkylamino(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, hydroxy(C r C 6 )alkyl, (C 1 -C 6 )alkoxy(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl and 30 R 4 O-.
• R 1b is hydrogen or methyl optionally substituted with up to three groups independently selected from fluorine, cyano, oxo,
• R 1b is (Ci-C 6 )alkyl optionally substituted with 5 up to four groups independently selected from fluorine, cyano, oxo, (CrC 6 )alkyl,
• R 1b is methyl optionally substituted with up to 10 three groups independently selected from fluorine, cyano, oxo, (C 1 -C 6 )alkyl,
• R 1b is unsubstituted (C 1 -C 6 )alkyl. 15 In a more particular embodiment, R 1b is unsubstituted methyl.
• R 1b is H.
• R 1b is hydrogen and R 1a is (C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl.
• R 1b is hydrogen and R 1a is cyclopropyl.
• R 1a and R 1b are unsubstituted methyl.
• R 1a and R 1b taken together with the carbon to 5 which they are attached form an optionally substituted (C3-C6)cycloalkyl ring.
• R 1a and R 1b taken together with the carbon to which they are attached form an unsubstituted (C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl ring.
• R 1a and R 1b taken together with the carbon to which they are attached form an unsubstituted cyclopropyl ring.
• R 1a and R 1b are, independently, hydrogen, optionally substituted methyl or optionally substituted ethyl, or R 1a and R 1b taken together with the carbon to which they are attached form an optionally substituted cyclopropyl group; provided that both R 1a and R 1b are not hydrogen and if R 1a or R 1b is hydrogen then A 1 is ethynyl.
• R 1a and R 1b are, independently, hydrogen or methyl, or R 1a and R 1b taken together with the carbon to which they are attached form cyclopropyl.
• R 1a and R 1b are hydrogen.
• a 1 is absent or a carbon atom
• a 1 is a bond
• a 1 is a carbon atom.
• BOST 1499943 1 - 16 - Cy 1 is aryl, heteroaryl, monocyclic cycloalkyl or monocyclic heterocyclyl and is optionally substituted with 1 to 4 groups independently selected from halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -NH 2 , -OH, -COOH, (C r C 6 )alkyl, (C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl, (C 2 -C 6 )alkynyl, (C r C 6 )alkoxy, (C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl, (C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkoxy, hydroxy(Ci-C 6 )alkyl, hydroxy(C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl, 5 hydroxy(C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl, hydroxy(CrC 6 )alkoxy, (C 4 -C 7 )cycloalkylalkyl,
• halo(C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl halo(C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl, halo(C 4 -C 7 )cycloalkylalkyl, halo(C 1 -C 6 )alkoxy, halo(C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkoxy, halo(C 4 -C 7 )cycloalkylalkoxy, (C 1 -C 6 )BIkOXy(C 1 -C 6 )BIkOXy, halo(C 1 -C 6 )alkoxy(C 1 -C 6 )alkoxy, (C 1 -C 6 )alkoxy(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl or
• Cy 1 is an optionally substituted cyclohexyl, piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, phenyl, naphthyl, pyridyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl,
• Cy 1 is an optionally substituted cyclohexyl, phenyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, thiazolyl, triazolyl or benzothiazolyl group.
• Cy 1 is an optionally substituted phenyl.
• the group represented by Cy 1 is optionally substituted with 1 to 4 groups independently selected from halo, methyl, trifluoromethyl, hydroxy, methoxy, methoxycarbonyl, carboxy, ethoxycarbonylmethoxy,
• the group represented by Cy 1 is optionally substituted with fluoro, chloro, cyano, CONH 2 , CONHMe, CONMe 2 , CONHc-Pr, methyl, ethyl, cyclopropyl, difluoromethyl, CF 3 or oxo.
• Cy 1 is an optionally substituted cyclohexyl, 5 piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, phenyl, naphthyl, pyridyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, pyrazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, triazolyl, furyl, thienyl, benzimidazolyl, benzotriazolyl, benzothiazolyl, imidazopyridazinyl or triazolopyridinyl group, and the group represented by Cy 1 is optionally substituted with 1 to 4 groups independently selected from halo, methyl, trifluoromethyl, hydroxy, methoxy,
• Cy 1 is an optionally substituted cyclohexyl
• Cy 1 is an optionally substituted cyclohexyl, phenyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, thiazolyl, triazolyl or benzothiazolyl group, and the group represented by Cy 1 is optionally substituted with 1 to 4 groups independently selected from halo, methyl, trifluoromethyl, hydroxy, methoxy, methoxycarbonyl, carboxy,
• Cy 1 is an optionally substituted cyclohexyl
• CONHMe CONMe 2 , CONHc-Pr, methyl, ethyl, cyclopropyl, difluoromethyl, CF 3 or oxo.
• Cy 1 is phenyl optionally substituted with 1 to 4 groups independently selected from halo, methyl, trifluoromethyl, hydroxy, methoxy, methoxycarbonyl, carboxy, ethoxycarbonylmethoxy, 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy, cyano, difluoromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, trifluoroethoxy, t-butoxycarbonyl, hydroxy, 5 hydroxymethyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxy-2-propyl, methoxymethyl, methylsulfonyl, methylsulfonylamino and benzyloxycarbonyl.
• Cy 1 is phenyl optionally substituted with fluoro, chloro, cyano, CONH 2 , CONHMe, CONMe 2 , CONHc-Pr, methyl, ethyl, cyclopropyl, difluoromethyl, CF 3 or oxo.
• Cy 1 is phenyl optionally substituted with
• Cy 1 is phenyl
• Cy 2 is (CrC 6 )alkyl, (C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl, (C 2 -C 6 )alkynyl, (C 1 -C 3 )BIkOXy(C 1 -C 3 )BIkOXy, (C 1 -C 3 )alkoxy(C 1 -C 3 )alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl, and is optionally
• Cy 2 is an optionally substituted methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, phenyl, pyridyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, pyrazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, triazolyl, furyl, thienyl, benzimidazolyl, benzotriazolyl,
• Cy 2 is (C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, (C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl,
• Cy 2 is (CrC 6 )alkyl, (C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl,
• Cy 2 is an optionally substituted methyl, ethyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, phenyl, pyridyl, oxodihydropyridyl, piperidinyl, azetidinyl or tetrahydropyranyl group.
• Cy 2 is an optionally substituted methyl, ethyl,
• Cy 2 is an optionally substituted methyl, ethyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, phenyl, pyridyl, oxodihydropyridyl, piperidinyl, azetidinyl 5 or tetrahydropyranyl group, and is optionally substituted with 1 to 4 groups
• Cy 2 is an optionally substituted phenyl
• pyridyl pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, pyrazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, triazolyl, furyl, thienyl, benzimidazolyl, benzotriazolyl, benzothiazolyl, imidazopyridazinyl, triazolopyridinyl, oxodihydropyridyl,
• Cy 2 is optionally substituted with 1 to 4 groups independently selected from methyl, ethyl, propyl, cyclopropyl, halo, hydroxy, methoxy, hydroxymethyl, methoxycarbonyl, amino, aminomethyl, carbamoyl, methylcarbamoyl, dimethylcarbamoyl,
• the group represented by Cy 2 is 5 optionally substituted with fluoro, chloro, cyano, CONH 2 , CONHMe, CONMe 2 ,
• Cy 2 is an optionally substituted phenyl or oxodihydropyridyl group, and the group represented by Cy 2 is optionally substituted with one to four groups independently selected from halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -NH 2 , -OH, 10 -COOH, (C r C 6 )alkyl, (C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl, (C 2 -C 6 )alkynyl, (C r C 6 )alkoxy, (C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl, (C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkoxy, hydroxy(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, hydroxy(C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl,
• Cy 2 is an optionally substituted phenyl or oxodihydropyridyl group, and the group represented by Cy 2 is optionally substituted 15 with fluoro, chloro, cyano, CONH 2 , CONHMe, CONMe 2 , CONHc-Pr, methyl, ethyl, cyclopropyl, difluoromethyl, CF 3 or oxo.
• Cy 2 is an optionally substituted phenyl, and the group represented by Cy 2 is optionally substituted with one to four groups independently selected from halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -NH 2 , -OH, -COOH, (C r C 6 )alkyl, 20 (C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl, (C 2 -C 6 )alkynyl, (C r C 6 )alkoxy, (C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl, (C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkoxy, hydroxy(CrC 6 )alkyl, hydroxy(C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl, hydroxy(C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl and
• Cy 2 is an optionally substituted phenyl, and the group represented by Cy 2 is optionally substituted with fluoro, chloro, cyano, 25 CONH 2 , CONHMe, CONMe 2 , CONHc-Pr, methyl, ethyl, cyclopropyl, difluoromethyl, CF 3 or oxo.
• Cy 2 is an optionally substituted oxodihydropyridyl group, and the group represented by Cy 2 is optionally substituted with one to four groups independently selected from halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -NH 2 , -OH, 30 -COOH, (C r C 6 )alkyl, halo(C r C 6 )alkyl, (C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl, (C 2 -C 6 )alkynyl, (C r C 6 )alkoxy, (C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl, (C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkoxy, hydroxy(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, hydroxy(C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl, hydroxy(C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl and hydroxy(C 1 -C 6 )alkoxy.
• Cy 2 is an optionally substituted oxodihydropyridyl group, and the group represented by Cy 2 is optionally substituted with fluoro, chloro, cyano, CONH 2 , CONHMe, CONMe 2 , CONHc-Pr, methyl, ethyl, cyclopropyl, difluoromethyl, CF 3 or oxo.
• Cy 2 is an optionally substituted
• oxodihydropyridyl group and the group represented by Cy 2 is optionally substituted with (C r C 6 )alkyl, halo(C r C 6 )alkyl or (C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl.
• Cy 2 is oxodihydropyridyl optionally substituted with fluoro, chloro, bromo, cyano, CONH 2 , CONHMe, CONMe 2 , methyl, 10 ethyl, cyclopropyl, CHF 2 , CHF 2 CH 2 , CH 2 CF 3 , CH 2 CH 2 F or CF 3 .
• Cy 2 is oxodihydropyridyl optionally substituted at the ring nitrogen with methyl, ethyl, propyl, cyclopropyl, difluoromethyl, 2-fluoroethyl or 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl.
• Cy 2 is oxodihydropyridyl optionally
• E is (a) a bond or (b) (Ci-C 3 )alkylene or (Ci-C 2 )alkylenyloxy, wherein the O is attached to R 2 , each of which is optionally substituted with 1 to 4 groups independently selected from methyl, ethyl, trifluoromethyl or oxo.
• E is a bond or unsubstituted (Ci-C 3 )alkylene. 20 In a more particular embodiment, E is a bond or CH 2 .
• E is a bond
• R 2 is (CrC 6 )alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl and is optionally substituted with up to 4 groups independently selected halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -NH 2 , -OH, -COOH, (C r C 6 )alkyl, (C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl, (C 2 -C 6 )alkynyl, (C r C 6 )alkoxy, (C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl, 25 (C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkoxy, hydroxy(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, hydroxy(C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl,
• R 2 is an optionally substituted (CrC 6 )alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl or cycloalkyl group.
• R 2 is an optionally substituted phenyl
• fluorophenyl isopropyl, cyclopropyl, t-butyl or trifluoroethyl group, or E-R 2 is optionally substituted cyclopropylmethyl.
• R 2 is an optionally substituted phenyl or fluorophenyl group.
• R 2 is an optionally substituted (C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl or cycloalkyl group; each optionally substituted with up to four groups independently selected from halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -NH 2 , -OH, -COOH, (C r C 6 )alkyl, (C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl, (C 2 -C 6 )alkynyl, (C r C 6 )alkoxy, (C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl, (C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkoxy, hydroxy(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, hydroxy(C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl, hydroxy(C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl,
• R 2 is phenyl, fluorophenyl, isopropyl, cyclopropyl, t-butyl or trifluoroethyl
• E-R 2 is cyclopropylmethyl
• the group represented by R 2 or E-R 2 is optionally substituted with one to three groups independently selected from halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -NH 2 , -OH, -COOH, (C r C 6 )alkyl,
• R 2 is phenyl, fluorophenyl, isopropyl, cyclopropyl, t-butyl or trifluoroethyl, or E-R 2 is cyclopropylmethyl, and the group represented by R 2 or E-R 2 is optionally substituted with one to three groups
• R 2 is phenyl optionally substituted with one to three groups independently selected from halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -NH 2 , -OH, -COOH, (CrC 6 )alkyl, (C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl, (C 2 -C 6 )alkynyl, (C r C 6 )alkoxy, (C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl,
• halo(C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl halo(C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl, halo(C 4 -C 7 )cycloalkylalkyl, halo(C 1 -C 6 )alkoxy, halo(C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkoxy, halo(C 4 -C 7 )cycloalkylalkoxy, (C 1 -C 6 )BIkOXy(C 1 -C 6 )BIkOXy, halo(C 1 -C 6 )alkoxy(C 1 -C 6 )alkoxy, (C 1 -C 6 )alkoxy(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl,
• R 2 is phenyl optionally substituted with one to three groups independently selected from (CrC 4 )alkyl, (CrC 4 )alkoxy,
• R 2 is phenyl or fluorophenyl.
• R 3 is is selected from (C r C 6 )alkyl, (C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl, (C 2 -C 6 )alkynyl,
• heterocyclyl which in turn may be optionally substituted with alkyl, haloalkyl, halogen or oxo
• heteroaryl which in turn may be optionally substituted with 5 alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfonyl, halogen, trifluoromethyl, dialkylamino, nitro, cyano, CO 2 H, CONH 2 , N-monoalkyl-substituted amido, N,N-dialkyl-substituted amido, or oxo
• arylamino which in turn may be optionally substituted with alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfonyl, halogen, trifluoromethyl, dialkylamino, nitro, cyano, CO 2 H, CONH 2 , N-monoalkyl-substituted amido and N,N-dialky
• heteroarylamino (which in turn may be optionally substituted with alkyl, haloalkyl,
• R 3 is (C 3 -C 6 )alkenyl, hydroxy(C 2 -C 5 )alkyl, cyano(C 2 -C 5 )alkyl, dihydroxy(C 3 -C 5 )alkyl, ⁇ -H 2 NCO(C r C 5 )alkyl,
• R 3 is methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, vinyl, allyl or ethoxyethyl each optionally substituted with up to two groups independently selected
• R 3 is methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, vinyl, allyl or ethoxyethyl each optionally substituted with up to two groups independently selected
• R 3 is 2-methylallyl
• n 1 or 2.
• n 1
• 10 Q is O, CH 2 Or NR 5 .
• Q is O.
• Y is (CrC 6 )alkyl, halo(C r C 6 )alkyl or oxo.
• Y is methyl, ethyl or fluoromethyl.
• n 1 or 2.
• m is 1.
• Each R 4 is independently selected from H, (d-C 6 )alkyl, halo(CrC 6 )alkyl, amino(Ci-C 6 )alkyl, (Ci-C 6 )alkylamino(Ci-C 6 )alkyl, di(Ci-C 6 )alkylamino(Ci-C 6 )alkyl, hydroxy(C r C 6 )alkyl and (Ci-C 6 )alkoxy(Ci-C 6 )alkyl.
• Each R 5 is independently H, (C r C 6 )alkyl, halo(C r C 6 )alkyl or
• Each R 6 is independently (C r C 6 )alkyl, (C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl, (C 2 -C 6 )alkynyl or
• V 1 is (Ci-C 6 )alkylene, (Ci-C 6 )alkenylene, (Ci-C 6 )alkynylene or
• Each R 7 is independently (C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl or (C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkoxy;
• R 8 is heterocyclyl
• R 9 is (C 4 -C 7 )cycloalkylalkyl, (C 4 -C 7 )cycloalkylalkoxy,
• R 1a is an optionally substituted (Ci-C 6 )alkyl, preferably, methyl or ethyl
• Cy 1 if present, is an optionally substituted cyclohexyl, phenyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, thiazolyl, triazolyl or benzothiazolyl group, and values and particular values for the
• Q if present, is O, CH 2 or NH
• R 1a if present, is an optionally substituted methyl or ethyl group
• Cy 1 if present, is an optionally substituted cyclohexyl, phenyl
• Q if present, is O, CH 2 or NH
• R 1a if present, is an optionally substituted
• Cy 1 is an optionally substituted cyclohexyl, phenyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, thiazolyl, triazolyl or benzothiazolyl group, preferably, an optionally substituted phenyl group
• Cy 2 is an optionally substituted methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, phenyl, pyridyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, pyrazolyl, oxadiazolyl,
• imidazopyridinyl imidazopyrimidinyl, imidazopyrimidinyl, py rrolopyridi ny I , tetrazolopyridinyl,
• Q if present, is O, CH 2 or NH
• R 1a if present, is an optionally substituted methyl or ethyl group
• Cy 1 if present, is optionally substituted phenyl
• Cy 2 is an optionally substituted methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, phenyl, pyridyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, pyrazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, triazolyl, furyl, thienyl,
• Cy 2 is an optionally substituted methyl, ethyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, phenyl, pyridyl, oxodihydropyridyl, piperidinyl, azetidinyl or tetrahydropyranyl group.
• phenyl group 5 represented by Cy 1 is optionaly substituted with one to three groups selected from fluoro, chloro, cyano, CONH 2 , CONHMe, CONMe 2 , CONHc-Pr, methyl, ethyl, cyclopropyl, CF 3 and oxo.
• Cy 2 is optionally substituted with one to three groups independently selected from -NH 2 , -OH,
• R 3 is (C 3 -C 6 )alkenyl, hydroxy(C 2 -C 5 )alkyl, cyano(C 2 -C 5 )alkyl, dihydroxy(C 3 -C 5 )alkyl, ⁇ -H 2 NCO(C r C 5 )alkyl,
• Another embodiment of the present invention is a compound of Structural Formula (I), (N), (N-A), (N-B), (N-C) or (N-D), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof, R 1a and R 1b , if present, are independently optionally substituted with up to four groups independently selected from fluorine,
• R 2 is an optionally substituted (C r C 6 )alkyl, aryl,
• E if present, is a bond or CH 2
• R 3 is (C 3 -C 6 )alkenyl, hydroxy(C 2 -C 5 )alkyl, cyano(C 2 -C 5 )alkyl, dihydroxy(C 3 -C 5 )alkyl, ⁇ -H 2 NCO(C r C 5 )alkyl, (C 1 -C 2 )alkoxy(C 1 -C 4 )alkyl,
• Values and particular or specific values for the remainder of the variables are as described in Structural Formula (I), (II), (N-A), (N-B), (N-C) or (N-D) or the 1 st , 2 nd , 3 rd , 4 th , 5 th or 6 th more specific embodiment thereunder.
• Another embodiment of the present invention is a compound of Structural
• R 2 is phenyl, fluorophenyl, isopropyl, cyclopropyl, t-butyl, cyclopropylmethyl or trifluoroethyl
• R 3 is 2-methylallyl, 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl or 2-cyano-2-methylpropyl; the group represented by Cy 1 is optionally substituted with
• the compound of the present invention is N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N
• R x and R y are, independently, optionally substituted (C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, preferably, methyl or ethyl;
• A is selected from -CN, -NO 2 , -NH 2 , -OH, -COOH, -COOR 6 , (C r C 6 )alkyl, 5 (C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl, (C 2 -C 6 )alkynyl, (C 1 -C 6 )BIkOXy, (C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl, (C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkoxy, hydroxy(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, hydroxy(C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl, hydroxy(C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl,
• Cy 1 if present, is an optionally substituted cyclohexyl, phenyl, pyridyl,
• R 1a if present, is optionally substituted methyl or ethyl
• Q if present, is O, CH 2 or NH, preferably, O;
• Cy 1 if present, is an optionally substituted 5 cyclohexyl, phenyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, thiazolyl, triazolyl or benzothiazolyl group,
• R 1a is optionally substituted methyl or ethyl
• R x and R y if present, are, independently, optionally substituted (C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, preferably, methyl or ethyl
• A is selected from -CN, -NO 2 , -NH 2 , -OH, -COOH, -COOR 6 , (CrC 6 )alkyl, (C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl, (C 2 -C 6 )alkynyl, (C r C 6 )alkoxy, (C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl,
• halo(C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl halo(C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl, halo(C 4 -C 7 )cycloalkylalkyl, halo(C 1 -C 6 )alkoxy, halo(C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkoxy, halo(C 4 -C 7 )cycloalkylalkoxy, (C 1 -C 6 )BIkOXy(C 1 -C 6 )BIkOXy,
• Cy 1 if present, is an optionally substituted cyclohexyl, phenyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, thiazolyl, triazolyl or benzothiazolyl group;
• A is selected from -NH 2 , -OH,
• A is selected from -NH 2 , -OH, -COOH,
• R 1a is optionally substituted with up to four groups independently selected from fluorine, cyano, oxo, (C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, halo(Ci-C 6 )alkyl, amino(C r C 6 )alkyl, (C 1 -C 6 )alkylamino(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl,
• R 3 is (C 3 -C 6 )alkenyl, hydroxy(C 2 -C 5 )alkyl, cyano(C 2 -C 5 )alkyl, dihydroxy(C 3 -C 5 )alkyl, ⁇ -H 2 NCO(C 1 -C 5 )alkyl, (C 1 -C 2 )alkoxy(C 1 -C 4 )alkyl,
• Another embodiment of the present invention is a compound of Structural Formula (III), (Nl-A), (Nl-B), (Nl-C), (IN-D) or (Nl-E), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof
• R 2 is an optionally substituted (CrC6)alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl or cycloalkyl group
• E, if present, is a bond or CH 2
• Another embodiment of the present invention is a compound of Structural Formula (III), (Nl-A), (Nl-B), (Nl-C), (IN-D) or (Nl-E), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof, R 1a , if present, is optionally substituted with
• R 4 S( O) 2 NR 4 -;
• R 2 is phenyl, fluorophenyl, isopropyl, cyclopropyl, t-butyl or trifluoroethyl, or E-R 2 is cyclopropylmethyl, and the group represented by R 2 or E-R 2 is optionally substituted with one to three groups independently selected from (C-rC 4 )alkyl,
• R 3 is methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, vinyl, allyl or ethoxyethyl each optionally substituted with up
• MeCONMe and values and particular or specific values for the remainder of the variables are described in Structural Formula (I), (III), (Nl-A), (Nl-B), (IN-C), (Nl-D) or (IN-E), or the 1 st , 2 nd or 3 rd more specific embodiment thereunder.
• R 2 is phenyl, fluorophenyl, isopropyl, cyclopropyl, t-butyl, cyclopropylmethyl or trifluoroethyl;
• R 3 is 2-methylallyl,
• Cy 1 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl or 2-cyano-2-methylpropyl; the group represented by Cy 1 is optionally substituted with fluoro, chloro, cyano, CONH 2 , CONHMe, CONMe 2 ,
• the compound of the present invention is represented by Structural Formula
• B is cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl, s is 0, 1 , 2 or 3, each R z is independently selected from -CN, -NO 2 , -NH 2 , -OH, -COOH, -COOR 6 , (C r C 6 )alkyl, (C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl, (C 2 -C 6 )alkynyl, (CrC 6 )alkoxy, (C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl, (C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkoxy, hydroxy(CrC 6 )alkyl,
• A is selected from -CN, -NO 2 , -NH 2 , -OH, -COOH, -COOR 6 ,
• halo(C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl halo(C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl, halo(C 4 -C 7 )cycloalkylalkyl, 1IaIo(C 1 -C 6 )BIkOXy, halo(C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkoxy, halo(C 4 -C 7 )cycloalkylalkoxy, (C 1 -C 6 )BIkOXy(C 1 -C 6 )BIkOXy, 1IaIo(C 1 -C 6 )BIkOXy(C 1 -C 6 )BIkOXy, (C 1 -C 6 )alkoxy(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl,
• Cy 1 if present, is an optionally substituted cyclohexyl, phenyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, thiazolyl, triazolyl or benzothiazolyl group, preferably an optionally substituted phenyl group, R 1a , if present, is optionally substituted methyl or ethyl, and values and specific values for the remainder of the variables in Structural Formula
• Cy 1 if present, is an optionally substituted cyclohexyl, phenyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, thiazolyl, triazolyl or benzothiazolyl group, preferably an optionally substituted phenyl group;
• B is an optionally substituted cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl,
• Cy 1 is an optionally substituted cyclohexyl, phenyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, thiazolyl, triazolyl or benzothiazolyl group, preferably an optionally substituted phenyl group;
• B is an optionally substituted cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, azetidinyl, morpholinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, dihydropyranyl, tetrahydrofuranyl or oxetanyl group,
• R 1a if present, is optionally
• A is selected from -NH 2 , -OH, -COOH, -COOR 6 , -R 6 ,
• Another embodiment of the present invention is a compound of Structural
• R 1a is optionally substituted methyl or ethyl.
• Examplary substitutents for the group represented by R 1a are fluorine, cyano, oxo, (CrC 6 )alkyl, halo(C r C 6 )alkyl, amino(C r C 6 )alkyl, (C 1 -C 6 )alkylamino(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl,
• R 3 is (C 3 -C 6 )alkenyl, hydroxy(C 2 -C 5 )alkyl, cyano(C 2 -C 5 )alkyl, dihydroxy(C 3 -C 5 )alkyl, ⁇ -H 2 NCO(C 1 -C 5 )alkyl, (C 1 -C 2 )alkoxy(C 1 -C 4 )alkyl,
• Another embodiment of the present invention is a compound of Structural Formula (IV), (IV-A), (IV-B), (IV-C) or (IV-D), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof, R 2 is an optionally substituted (C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, aryl,
• R 2 is phenyl, fluorophenyl, isopropyl, cyclopropyl, t-butyl or trifluoroethyl, or E-R 2 is
• R 2 or E-R 2 is optionally substituted with one to three groups independently selected from (d-C 4 )alkyl, (CrC 4 )alkoxy, (C 1 -C 4 )haloalkyl, (C 1 -C 4 )haloalkoxy, halogen, cyano and nitro.
• R 3 is methyl, ethyl,
• MeCONMe Values and particular or specific values for the remainder of the variables are described in Structural Formula (I), (IV), (IV-A), (IV-B), (IV-C) or (IV-D), or the 1 st , 2 nd , 3 rd or 4 th more specific embodiment thereunder.
• Another embodiment of the present invention is a compound of Structural Formula (IV), (IV-A), (IV-B), (IV-C) or (IV-D), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof
• R 2 is optionally substituted phenyl (preferably, unsubstituted phenyl), fluorophenyl, isopropyl, cyclopropyl, t-butyl, cyclopropylmethyl or trifluoroethyl
• R 3 is 2-methylallyl, 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl or 2-cyano-2-methylpropyl;
• the compound of the present invention is represented by Structural Formula
• R 5 1a is optionally substituted (C 1 -C 6 )alkyl
• Cy 2a is an aryl, heteroaryl or heterocyclyl group
• R 1a is optionally substituted (C r C 6 )alkyl, preferably, methyl or ethyl, and values and particular values for the remainder of the variables in Structural Formula (V)-(V-D) are as described above for Structural Formula (I).
• Cy 1 is an optionally substituted cyclohexyl, phenyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl,
• R 1a is an optionally substituted (C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, preferably, methyl or
• Cy 1 if present, is an optionally substituted cyclohexyl, phenyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, thiazolyl, triazolyl or benzothiazolyl group, and values and particular values for the
• Q if present, is O, CH 2 or NH;
• R 1a if present, is an optionally substituted 5 methyl or ethyl group,
• Cy 1 if present, is an optionally substituted cyclohexyl, phenyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, thiazolyl, triazolyl or benzothiazolyl group, and values and particular values for the remainder of the variables in Structural Formula (V)-(V-D) are as described above for Structural Formula (I).
• R 1a if present, is an optionally substituted methyl or ethyl group
• Cy 1 if present, is an optionally substituted cyclohexyl, phenyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, thiazolyl, triazolyl or benzothiazolyl group, preferably, an optionally substituted phenyl group
• Cy 2 is an optionally substituted methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, phenyl, pyridyl,
• imidazopyridinyl imidazopyrimidinyl, pyrrolopyridinyl, tetrazolopyridinyl,
• Cy 1 is an optionally substituted cyclohexyl, phenyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, thiazolyl, triazolyl or benzothiazolyl group, preferably, an optionally
• Cy 2a is an optionally substituted phenyl, pyridyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, pyrazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, triazolyl, furyl, thienyl, benzimidazolyl, benzotriazolyl, benzothiazolyl,
• Cy 2a is an optionally substituted pyridyl or oxodihydropyridyl group. Cy 2a is optionally substituted with one to three groups independently selected from
• Cy 1 if present, is optionally substituted phenyl
• Cy 2a is an optionally substituted pyridyl or oxodihydropyridyl group, the group represented by Cy 2a is
• Another embodiment of the present invention is a compound of Structural Formula (V), (V-A), (V-B), (V-C) or (V-D), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof, R 1a and R 1b , if present, are independently optionally substituted with up to four groups independently selected from fluorine,
• R 3 is (C 3 -C 6 )alkenyl, hydroxy(C 2 -C 5 )alkyl, cyano(C 2 -C 5 )alkyl, dihydroxy(C 3 -C 5 )alkyl, ⁇ -H 2 NCO(C 1 -C 5 )alkyl,
• R 1a and R 1b are independently optionally substituted with up to four groups independently selected from fluorine, cyano, oxo, (C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, halo(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, amino(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl,
• R 2 is an optionally substituted (C r C 6 )alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl or cycloalkyl group;
• E if present, is a bond or CH 2
• R 3 is methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, vinyl, allyl or ethoxyethyl each optionally substituted with up to two groups
• imidazolylamino- imidazolyl, tetrazolyl, spirocyclopropyl, FCH 2 CH 2 NH, 1-pyrrolidinyl,
• R 3 is (C 3 -C 6 )alkenyl, hydroxy(C 2 -C 5 )alkyl, cyano(C 2 -C 5 )alkyl, dihydroxy(C 3 -C 5 )alkyl, ⁇ -H 2 NCO(C r C 5 )alkyl, (Ci-C 2 )alkoxy(CrC 4 )alkyl,
• Values and 10 particular or specific values for the remainder of the variables are as described in
• R 2 is phenyl, fluorophenyl, isopropyl, cyclopropyl, t-butyl, cyclopropylmethyl or trifluoroethyl;
• R 3 is 2-methylallyl, 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl or 2-cyano-2-methylpropyl
• Cy 1 is optionally substituted with fluoro, chloro, cyano,
• Q is O or CH 2 and n is 1. Alternatively, Q is O or NR 5 and n is 1. Alternatively,
• Q is O or NH and n is 1. Alternatively, Q is O and n is 1. Alternatively, Q is O or CH 2 , E is a bond and n is 1. Alternatively, Q is O or NR 5 E is a bond and n is 1. Alternatively, 30 Q is O or NH, E is a bond and n is 1. Alternatively, Q is O, E is a bond and n is 1.
• E is a bond and n is 1.
• Q is O or NR 5 and E is a bond.
• Q is O or NH and E is a bond.
• Q is O and E is a bond.
• Q is O or CH 2 , n is 1 and A 1 is a bond.
• Q is O or NR 5 , n is 1 and A 1 is a bond.
• Q is O or NH, n is 1 and A 1 is a bond.
• Q is O, n is 1 and A 1 is a bond.
• Q is O or CH 2 , E is a bond, n is 1 and A 1 is a bond.
• Q is O or NR 5 E is a bond, n is 1 and A 1 is a bond.
• 5 Q is O or NH, E is a bond, n is 1 and A 1 is a bond.
• Q is O, E is a bond, n is 1 and A 1 is a bond.
• E is a bond, n is 1 and A 1 is a bond.
• Q is O or NR 5 , E is a bond and A 1 is a bond.
• Q is O or NH E is a bond and A 1 is a bond.
• Q is O, E is a bond and A 1 is a bond.
• Q is O or CH 2 , n is 1 and A 2 is a bond.
• R 1a and R 1b are, independently, optionally substituted (C 1 -C 6 )alkyl.
• R 1a and R 1b are, independently, an optionally substituted methyl or ethyl group.
• R 1a and R 1b are, independently, optionally substituted methyl.
• R 1a and R 1b are, independently, (C 1 -C 6 )alkyl optionally substituted with up to four groups independently selected from fluorine, cyano, oxo, R 4 , R 4 O-, (R 4 )2N-,
• R 1a and R 1b are, independently, a methyl or ethyl group, the groups represented by R 1a and R 1b being, independently, optionally substituted with up to four groups
• R 1a is methyl and R 1b is ethyl.
• R 1a and R 1b are ethyl.
• R 1a and R 1b taken together with the carbon to which they are attached form an optionally substituted (C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl ring.
• R 1a and R 1b taken together with the carbon to which they are attached form an optionally substituted cyclopropyl or cyclobutyl group.
• R 1a and R 1b taken together with the carbon to which they are attached form an optionally substituted cyclopropyl group.
• R 1a and R 1b taken together with the carbon to which they are attached form an unsubstituted
• R 1a and R 1b taken together with the carbon to which they are attached form an unsubstituted cyclopropyl group.
• R 1a and R 1b taken together with the carbon to which they are attached form a (C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl ring optionally substituted
• alkyl means a straight or branched hydrocarbon radical having 1-10 carbon atoms and includes, for example, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl and the like.
• Alkynyl is an alkyl group in which at least one carbon-carbon bond has been replaced with a triple bond.
• cycloalkyl means a monocyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic, saturated hydrocarbon ring having 3-10 carbon atoms and includes, for example, cyclopropyl (c-Pr), cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl,
• aryl means an carbocyclic aromatic radical with six to fourteen carbon atoms. Examples include phenyl, a naphthyl, indanyl or a
• a substituted aryl group has 1-4 substituents. Unless otherwise indicated, exemplary substituents include alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio,
• aryl may be used interchangeably with the terms “aryl ring” “carbocyclic aromatic ring”, “aryl group” and “carbocyclic aromatic group”.
• heteroaryl means a 5- and 12-membered heteroaromatic radical
• a heteroaryl can be moncyclic or bicyclic, for example, fused to an aryl, moncyclic heteroaryl, heterocyclyl or cycloalkyl group.
• Examples include 2- or 3-thienyl, 2- or 3-furanyl, 2- or 3- pyrrolyl, 2-, 3-, or 4-pyridyl, 2-pyrazinyl, 2-, 4-, or 5-pyrimidinyl, 3- or 4-pyridazinyl, 1 H-indol-6-yl, 1 H-indol-5-yl, 1 H-benzimidazol-6-yl, 1 H-benzimidazol-5-yl, 2-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7- or
• a substitutetd heteroaryl has from 1-4 substitutents. Unless otherwise indicated, exemplary substituents include alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio,
• alkylsulfonyl halogen, trifluoromethyl, dialkylamino, nitro, cyano, CO 2 H, CONH 2 ,
• heteroaryl “heteroaromatic”, “heteroaryl ring”, “heteroaryl group”, “heteroaromatic ring”, and “heteroaromatic group” are used interchangeably.
• heterocyclyl means a 4-, 5-, 6- and 7-membered saturated or partially unsaturated heterocyclic ring containing 1 to 4 heteroatoms independently
• heterocyclyls include pyrrolidine,
• pyrrolidin-2-one 1-methylpyrrolidin-2-one, piperidine, piperidin-2-one, dihydropyridine, tetrahydropyridine, piperazine, 1 -(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)piperazine,
• a substituted heterocyclyl has 1-4 substituents. Unless otherwise indicated, exemplary substituents include alkyl, haloalkyl, halogen and oxo.
• spirocycloalkyl means a cycloalkyl group which shares one ring carbon with another alkyl or cycloalkyl group.
• subject and “patient” may be used interchangeably, and means a mammal in need of treatment, e.g., companion animals (e.g., dogs, cats, and the like), farm animals (e.g., cows, pigs, horses, sheep, goats and the like) and
• the subject is a human in need of treatment.
• compound also includes labeling at one or more positions with deuterium. "Labeled with deuterium at a position” means that the amount deuterium at the position is greater than the amount that is present at natural abundance.
• the deuterium at each position in a "compound” is at natural abundance.
• Stereoisomers are compounds that differ only in their spatial arrangement.
• Enantiomers are pairs of stereoisomers whose mirror images are not superimposable, most commonly because they contain an asymmetrically substituted carbon atom that
• Enantiomer 25 acts as a chiral center.
• Enantiomer means one of a pair of molecules that are mirror images of each other and are not superimposable. Diastereomers are stereoisomers that are not related as mirror images, most commonly because they contain two or more asymmetrically substituted carbon atoms.
• the symbol “*” in a structural formula represents the presence of a chiral carbon center.
• R and S represent the
• Racemate or “racemic mixture” means a compound of equimolar quantities of two enantiomers, wherein such mixtures exhibit no optical activity; i.e., they do not rotate the plane of polarized light.
• “Geometric isomer” means isomers that differ in the orientation of substituent 5 atoms in relationship to a carbon-carbon double bond, to a cycloalkyl ring, or to a
• Atoms (other than H) on each side of a carbon-carbon double bond may be in an E (substituents are on opposite sides of the carbon-carbon double bond) or Z (substituents are oriented on the same side) configuration.
• the compounds of the invention may be prepared as individual isomers by either isomer-specific synthesis or resolved from an isomeric mixture.
• Conventional resolution techniques include forming the salt of a free base of each isomer of an isomeric pair using an optically active acid (followed by fractional crystallization and 15 regeneration of the free base), forming the salt of the acid form of each isomer of an isomeric pair using an optically active amine (followed by fractional crystallization and regeneration of the free acid), forming an ester or amide of each of the isomers of an isomeric pair using an optically pure acid, amine or alcohol (followed by
• stereochemical purity is the weight of the stereoisomer divided by the
• the depicted or named enantiomer is at least 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 99% or 99.9% by weight optically pure. Percent optical purity by weight is the ratio of the weight of the enantiomer divided by the combined weight of 30 the enantiomer and the weight of its optical isomer.
• BOST 1499943 1 - 56 - be understood that the name or structure encompasses one enantiomer of compound free from the corresponding optical isomer, a racemic mixture of the compound and mixtures enriched in one enantiomer relative to its corresponding optical isomer.
• the compounds of the invention may be present in the form of pharmaceutically acceptable salts.
• the salts of the compounds of the invention refer to non-toxic "pharmaceutically acceptable salts.”
• compositions include pharmaceutically acceptable salt forms
• Pharmaceutically acceptable basic/cationic salts include, the sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, diethanolamine, n-methyl-D-glucamine, L-lysine, L-arginine, ammonium, ethanolamine, piperazine and triethanolamine salts.
• compositions include, the acetate,
• hexylresorcinate hydrobromide, hydrochloride, hydroxynaphthoate, iodide, isethionate, lactate, lactobionate, malate, maleate, malonate, mandelate, mesylate,
• phosphate/diphospate polygalacturonate
• salicylate stearate, subacetate
• succinate sulfate
• hydrogensulfate tannate, tartrate, teoclate, tosylate
• triethiodide salts phosphate/diphospate, polygalacturonate, salicylate, stearate, subacetate, succinate, sulfate, hydrogensulfate, tannate, tartrate, teoclate, tosylate, and triethiodide salts.
• BOST 1499943 1 - 61 - MeCN usually in the presence of an organic or inorganic base such as triethylamine or NaHCO 3 respectively, at -10 0 C to 120 0 C:
• reagent 3 Certain instances of reagent 3 are especially convenient because they are
• Z 1 and Z 2 are both chloride, 3 is phosgene.
• Z 1 and Z 2 are both 1-imidazolyl, 3 is carbonyl diimidazole.
• Z 1 is chloride and Z 2 is p-nitrophenoxide, 3 is p-nitrophenyl chloroformate.
• Z 1 and Z 2 are both OCCI3, 3 is triphosgene and as little as one third of molar equivalent can be used.
• a hydride reagent such as BH 3 THF solution, BH 3 -Me 2 S or LiAIH 4 in an inert solvent ethereal such as THF or DME at 20 0 C to 100 0 C for between 1 h and 48 h:
• BOST 1499943 1 - 62 - Amines of Formula 6 can be prepared by Ritter reaction of alcohols of Formula 7 with HCN:
• Amines of Formula 6 can also be prepared by Hoffman or Curtius rearrangement of carboxylic acids of Formula 10, using for example
• a compound of Formula I can be prepared by reaction of a ketocarbamate of Formula 19, wherein R B is alkyl or arylalkyl group such as methyl, t-butyl or benzyl, with an organometallic reagent of Formula 20 wherein M includes, but is not limited to, MgCI, MgBr, MgI or Li:
• organometallic reagent 20 is allylmagnesium bromide, allylzinc(ll) bromide, (2-methylallyl)magnesium chloride or (2-methoxy-2-oxoethyl)zinc(ll) bromide.
• M is MgCI, MgBr or MgI, it is advantageous to add CeCI 3 to the reaction mixture.
• BOST 1499943 1 - 66 - Ketocarbamates of Formula 19 can be prepared by reaction of aminoketones of Formula 21 with intermediates of Formula 22 wherein R c is a leaving group such as chloride, succinyloxy, imidazolyl or t-butoxycarboxycarbonyl:
• ⁇ -Dialkylaminoketones of Formula 23a are in turn derived from ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated ketones of Formula 23 with dialkylamines of Formula R F NHR F .
• t-Butylsulfinylimines of Formula 25 can be prepared from aminoketones of Formula 21 by reaction with t-butylsulfinamide:
• BOST 1499943 1 - 68 - lsocyanates of Formula 26 can be prepared from amines of Formula 6 by treatment with phosgene, diphosgene or triphosgene.
• R B is a alkyl or arylalkyl group, especially methyl or ethyl
• Alcohols of Formula 28 can be prepared by Reformatsky reaction of alkyl bromoacetates of Formula 29 with ⁇ -chloroketones of Formula 30.
• An aminolactone of Formula 32 can be prepared by reductive amination of an aldehyde of Formula 33 with an amine of Formula 6 using, for example, hydride reducing agents such as NaCNBH 3 or NaB(OAc) 3 H.
• Allyl lactones of Formula 34 can be prepared by heating chloroesters of Formula 35. Chloroesters of Formula 35 can in turn be prepared from hydroxyesters of
• Formula 36 by treatment with allylsilane in the presence of TiCI 4 .
• Hydroxyesters of Formula 36 are available by Reformatsky reaction of ⁇ -bromoacetates of Formula 37 and ⁇ -chloroketones of Formula 38.
• a compound of Formula I can be prepared by Sonogashira reaction of a compound of Formula 39, wherein R J is bromo, iodo or trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy with an alkyne of Formula 40 in the presence of a palladium catalyst and the optional presence of a copper cocatalyst (Chinchilla, R.; Najera, C. Chem. Rev. 2007, 107, 874-922).
• a compound of Formula 39 wherein R 3 is 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl, E is a bond, R 2 is phenyl, m is 1 , Q is CH 2 , R 1a is methyl, A 1 is C, R 1b is H, Cy 1 is
• a compound of Formula 39, wherein R 3 is 3-hydroxypropyl, E is a bond, R 2 is phenyl, m is 2, Q is NH, R 1a is methyl, A 1 is C, R 1b is H, Cy 1 is 1 ,4-phenylene and R J is bromo can be prepared as described can be prepared as follows:
• a compound of Formula 39, wherein R 3 is 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl, E is a bond, R 2 is phenyl, m is O, Q is O, R 1a is methyl, A 1 is C, R 1b is H, Cy 1 is 1 ,4-phenylene and R J is bromo can be prepared as described can be prepared as follows:
• a compound of Formula I wherein Cy 2 is an aryl or heteroaryl ring, can be prepared by Sonogashira coupling of an alkyne of Formula 41 with a compound of Formula 42, wherein R J is bromo, iodo or
• a compound of Formula 41 can be prepared from a compound of Formula 39 10 by Sonogashira reaction with an alkyne of Formula 43, wherein groups R ⁇ are
• a compound of Formula I can be prepared from another compound of Formula I.
• a compound of Formula I can be prepared from another compound of Formula I.
• a compound of Formula I can be prepared from another compound of Formula I.
• a compound of Formula I wherein R 1a , R 1b or R 3 is ⁇ -carboxy(Ci-C 6 )alkyl can be coupled with ammonia or a (C- ⁇ -C6)alkylamine using a standard peptide coupling reagent such as EDC to afford a compound of Formula I wherein R 1a , R 1b or R 3 is
• a compound of Formula I wherein R 1a , R 1b or R 3 is ⁇ -hydroxy(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl can be converted to its methanesulfonate or trifluoromethanesulfonate, treated with sodium azide and reduced to give a compound of Formula I, wherein R 1a , R 1b or R 3 is ⁇ -amino(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl.
• R 1b or R 3 is ⁇ methanesulfonylamino ⁇ (C 1 -C 6 )alkyl.
• BOST 1499943 1 - 74 - (8) a compound of Formula I, wherein R 1a or R 1b is (C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl, can be reacted with osmium tetroxide and N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide to afford a compound of Formula I wherein R 1 is vicinal dihydroxy(C 2 -C 6 )alkyl.
• R 3 is vicinal dihydroxy(C 2 -C 6 )alkyl.
• R 1a , R 1b or R 3 is (Ci-C 6 )alkylaminocarbonylamino(Ci-C 6 )alkyl.
• a compound of Formula I wherein R 1a , R 1b or R 3 is amino(C-i-C 6 )alkyl can be reacted with an (d-C 6 )alkyl chloroformate to give a compound of Formula I wherein R 1a , R 1b or R 3 is (Ci-C 6 )alkoxycarbonylamino(Ci-C 6 )alkyl.
• a compound of Formula I wherein R 1a , R 1b or R 3 is amino(Ci-C 6 )alkyl can 20 be reacted with chlorosulfonyl isocyanate or sulfamide to give a compound of Formula I wherein R 1a , R 1b or R 3 is aminosulfonylamino(Ci-C 6 )alkyl.
• a compound of Formula I wherein R 1a , R 1b or R 3 is amino(C-i-C 6 )alkyl can be reacted with a (Ci-C 6 )alkylsulfamoyl chloride to give a compound of Formula I wherein R 1a , R 1b or R 3 is (Ci-C 6 )alkylaminosulfonylamino(Ci-C 6 )alkyl.
• R 1b or R 3 is aminosulfonyloxy(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl.
• a compound of Formula I wherein R 1a , R 1b or R 3 is hydroxy(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl can be reacted with p-nitrophenyl chloroformate, pentafluorophenyl chloroformate or 30 carbonyl diimidazole, followed by ammonia, a (C 1 -C 6 )alkylamine or a
• R 3 is 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl or 3-hydroxy-3-methylpropyl respectively.

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