WO2011002044A1 - 脂環式アルコールの製造方法 - Google Patents
脂環式アルコールの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011002044A1 WO2011002044A1 PCT/JP2010/061217 JP2010061217W WO2011002044A1 WO 2011002044 A1 WO2011002044 A1 WO 2011002044A1 JP 2010061217 W JP2010061217 W JP 2010061217W WO 2011002044 A1 WO2011002044 A1 WO 2011002044A1
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- 0 CC1CC=C(*)CC1 Chemical compound CC1CC=C(*)CC1 0.000 description 3
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C29/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C29/132—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group
- C07C29/136—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group of >C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH
- C07C29/147—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group of >C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH of carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof
- C07C29/149—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group of >C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH of carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C31/00—Saturated compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
- C07C31/13—Monohydroxylic alcohols containing saturated rings
- C07C31/133—Monohydroxylic alcohols containing saturated rings monocyclic
- C07C31/135—Monohydroxylic alcohols containing saturated rings monocyclic with a five or six-membered rings; Naphthenic alcohols
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C51/00—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
- C07C51/58—Preparation of carboxylic acid halides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
- C07C67/14—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters from carboxylic acid halides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
- C07C67/36—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by reaction with carbon monoxide or formates
- C07C67/38—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by reaction with carbon monoxide or formates by addition to an unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bond
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C69/00—Esters of carboxylic acids; Esters of carbonic or haloformic acids
- C07C69/74—Esters of carboxylic acids having an esterified carboxyl group bound to a carbon atom of a ring other than a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C69/75—Esters of carboxylic acids having an esterified carboxyl group bound to a carbon atom of a ring other than a six-membered aromatic ring of acids with a six-membered ring
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2601/00—Systems containing only non-condensed rings
- C07C2601/12—Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a six-membered ring
- C07C2601/14—The ring being saturated
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing an alicyclic alcohol useful as a blended fragrance raw material.
- Patent Document 1 describes that some alicyclic alcohols represented by the following general formula (III) are useful as a blended fragrance material.
- Patent Document 1 also discloses a process for producing an alicyclic alcohol represented by the general formula (III). For example, it is produced from 1-isopropyl-4-methyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene and formaldehyde using an acid catalyst. 4-Isopropyl-1-methylcyclohexylmethanol is produced by reducing the unsaturated alcohol formed.
- 1-isopropyl-4-methyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene which is a raw material in this method, has a conjugated double bond, the stability of the compound is poor in the presence of an acid catalyst, and there are a plurality of reaction active sites.
- R 1 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- R 2 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- Non-Patent Document 1 describes that 4-isopropyl-1-methylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid is obtained by carbonylation of p-menten-1 using BF 3 as a catalyst. CO pressure is required.
- the obtained 4-isopropyl-1-methylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid is converted to methyl ester and then reduced with LiAlH 4 to give 4-isopropyl-1-methylcyclohexanemethanol. This method is not described.
- Patent Document 2 the method of carbonylating a monoene compound in the presence of HF is known from Patent Document 2, and the production of an alcohol compound by hydrogenation of a carbonyl compound is known from Patent Document 3, etc., but is extremely useful as a blended fragrance material. It has not been known to combine these carbonylation step and hydrogenation step with the alicyclic alcohol production step represented by the general formula (III). Furthermore, a method for easily producing the alicyclic alcohol using a natural essential oil that is advantageous in terms of supply and price, such as an easily available natural product limonene, as a starting material has not been known.
- An object of the present invention is to solve the above problems and provide a method for producing an alicyclic alcohol useful as a blended fragrance raw material at a low cost and in a high yield.
- the present inventors have studied a method for producing an alicyclic alcohol represented by the general formula (III) from an unsaturated hydrocarbon represented by the following general formula (I).
- the unsaturated hydrocarbon represented by the general formula (I) is carbonylated in a high yield by a low carbon monoxide (CO) pressure of 5 MPa or less, and represented by the general formula (II).
- CO carbon monoxide
- the present invention has been completed based on such findings.
- this invention relates to the manufacturing method of the alicyclic alcohol shown below.
- the unsaturated hydrocarbon represented by the general formula (I) is carbonylated using carbon monoxide in the presence of HF to obtain a cyclohexanecarbonyl compound represented by the general formula (II)
- a method for producing an alicyclic alcohol comprising reducing the cyclohexanecarbonyl compound represented by the general formula (II) to produce an alicyclic alcohol represented by the general formula (III).
- the alicyclic alcohol represented by the general formula (III) can be produced in a high yield from the unsaturated hydrocarbon represented by the general formula (I) with a low CO pressure.
- the desired alicyclic alcohol can be obtained at a low cost and in a high yield using a natural product such as limonene having no problem in availability as a starting material.
- the method of the present invention provides an alicyclic alcohol with high cis isomer selectivity and high cis isomer purity.
- an unsaturated hydrocarbon represented by the general formula (I) (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as “monoene compound”) is oxidized in the presence of HF (hydrogen fluoride).
- HF hydrogen fluoride
- Carbonylation using carbon to obtain a cyclohexanecarbonyl compound represented by general formula (II) (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as “alicyclic carbonyl compound”) (hereinafter abbreviated as “carbonylation step”)
- a step of reducing the obtained cyclohexanecarbonyl compound to obtain an alicyclic alcohol represented by the general formula (III) (hereinafter referred to as “carbonyl group reduction step” or “alicyclic alcohol”).
- carbonyl group reduction step or “alicyclic alcohol”.
- ⁇ Carbonylation step> The carbonylation reaction of the monoene compound is performed under pressure of carbon monoxide in the presence of HF. Thereby, a cis isomer and a trans isomer of an alicyclic carbonyl compound represented by the following formula are obtained together with various by-products (including other isomers).
- R 1 is an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- R 2 is an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and an alkyl group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms is preferred from the viewpoint of the fragrance of the alicyclic alcohol represented by the general formula (III). More preferably, it is an isopropyl group.
- the monoene compound represented by the general formula (I) can also be synthesized, for example, by partially hydrogenating the corresponding diene compound with a hydrogenation catalyst.
- the synthesized monoene compound may be used after removing the catalyst by filtration, etc. or purified by distillation, etc., but usually only removing the catalyst, separating the solvent used in the monoene compound reaction step, Carboxylation reaction is carried out using the reaction by-product as it is without separation of all hydrogenated by-products.
- the diene compound used for the synthesis of the monoene compound (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as “diene compound”) is a hydrocarbon having a six-membered ring skeleton, and each of the six-membered ring skeletons only at the 1st and 4th positions.
- a compound having a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and having two double bonds in the molecule is preferably used.
- alicyclic hydrocarbons terpene hydrocarbons and the like, preferably limonene, ⁇ -terpinene, ⁇ -terpinene, ⁇ -terpinene, isolimonene, ⁇ -ferrandolene, ⁇ -ferrandolene, Menogen, terpinolene and dipentene are exemplified, more preferably limonene, ⁇ -terpinene, ⁇ -terpinene, ⁇ -ferrandrene, terpinolene and dipentene, and more preferably limonene from the viewpoint of availability.
- Limonene is contained in large amounts in natural essential oils obtained from the peels of oranges, lemons and grapefruits, and can easily be obtained with 98% purity by steam distillation. Limonene has other uses and is produced industrially, so it can be obtained at low cost.
- the hydrogenation catalyst for the diene compound is not particularly limited as long as it is a catalyst usually used for hydrogenation of unsaturated bonds, but a catalyst containing at least one selected from metals of Group 8 to 11 of the periodic table is preferable.
- the hydrogenation catalyst may be a solid catalyst or a homogeneous catalyst, but is preferably a solid catalyst from the viewpoint of separability from the reactants.
- Examples of the solid catalyst include unsupported metal catalysts and supported metal catalysts.
- Examples of the unsupported metal catalyst include Raney catalysts such as Raney nickel, Raney cobalt, and Raney copper, and oxides such as platinum, palladium, rhodium, and ruthenium.
- a colloidal catalyst is preferred.
- Supported metal catalysts include magnesia, zirconia, ceria, diatomaceous earth, activated carbon, alumina, silica, zeolite, titania and other supports such as iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, silver, osmium, iridium, platinum, Examples include those in which at least one kind of gold is supported or mixed, such as a supported copper catalyst in which a copper catalyst such as a copper-chromium catalyst (Adkins catalyst), a copper-zinc catalyst or copper-iron is supported on a support, Pt / C, Preferred are supported platinum catalysts such as Pt / alumina, supported palladium catalysts such as Pd / C and Pd / alumina, supported ruthenium catalysts such as Ru / C and Ru / alumina, and supported rhodium catalysts such as Rh / C and Rh / alumina. . Among these, it is more prefer
- the amount of hydrogenation catalyst used varies depending on the type of catalyst, but is 0.001 to 100% by mass, preferably 0.01 to 30% by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 20% by mass, based on the diene compound as a raw material. % Is appropriate.
- the pressure of hydrogen can be carried out at normal pressure or under pressure, and usually 0.1 to 4.0 MPa, preferably 0.1 to 3.0 MPa, more preferably 0.1 to 3.0 MPa.
- the range is 2.0 MPa.
- the hydrogenation reaction can be carried out without a solvent, but a solvent may be used.
- a solvent organic acids such as water, formic acid and acetic acid, esters such as ethyl acetate and butyl acetate, benzene, o-dichlorobenzene and toluene , Aromatic compounds such as xylene, hydrocarbons such as hexane, heptane, cyclohexane, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, t-butyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, dimethoxyethane, diglyme, etc. Or ethers thereof.
- the amount of the solvent used in the hydrogenation reaction can usually be in the range of 0.1 to 30 times by mass, preferably 0.2 to 20 times by mass with respect to the diene compound as a raw material. .
- the reaction temperature of the hydrogenation reaction can usually be carried out at -90 ° C to 200 ° C, preferably 20 ° C to 150 ° C, more preferably 20 ° C to 100 ° C.
- the form of the hydrogenation reaction is not particularly limited as long as the catalytic hydrogenation reaction is possible, and may be a commonly used known one.
- a suspension bed reactor in which a catalyst is fluidized with a fluid to perform a catalytic hydrogenation reaction a fixed bed reactor in which a catalytic hydrogenation reaction is performed by filling and fixing the catalyst and supplying a fluid can be used.
- Carbon monoxide used in the carbonylation step of the present invention may contain an inert gas such as nitrogen or methane, but the carbon monoxide partial pressure is in the range of 0.5 to 5 MPa, preferably in the range of 1 to 3 MPa.
- the carbon monoxide partial pressure is preferably 5 MPa or less from the viewpoint of equipment load.
- HF used in the carbonylation step is a solvent for the reaction, a catalyst, and a secondary material
- the amount of HF to be used is 4 to 15 mol times, preferably 6 to 10 mol times relative to the raw material monoene compound. If the molar ratio of HF is 4 mol times or more, the carbonylation reaction proceeds efficiently, side reactions such as disproportionation and polymerization can be suppressed, and the target alicyclic carbonyl compound is obtained in high yield. Can do. Further, from the viewpoint of raw material cost and productivity, it is preferable to use 15 mol times or less of HF.
- the type of the carbonylation reaction is not particularly limited, and any method such as a batch system, a semi-continuous system, or a continuous system may be used.
- the reaction temperature of the carbonylation reaction is ⁇ 50 ° C. to 30 ° C., preferably ⁇ 40 ° C. to 0 ° C., particularly preferably ⁇ 50 to ⁇ 25 ° C. If the reaction temperature of the carbonylation reaction is 30 ° C. or lower, particularly ⁇ 25 ° C. or lower, the cis-isomer selectivity is good. Further, it is preferably carried out at ⁇ 50 ° C. or higher from the viewpoint of reaction rate.
- the selectivity of the cis form means the ratio of the cis form of the alicyclic carbonyl compound in the carbonylation product, and the higher this value, the better the yield in the purification process, and the higher the quality of the alicyclic carbonyl compound. Is obtained.
- an alicyclic carbonyl compound having a cis-isomer purity of 85% or more can be obtained.
- the cis-isomer purity of the alicyclic carbonyl compound refers to the ratio of the cis-isomer of the alicyclic carbonyl compound to the total amount of the carbonylation product (including all by-products such as other isomers).
- the resulting acid fluoride reaction solution may be purified by a conventional method such as distillation after distilling off excess HF, and may be used as a raw material for the alicyclic alcohol synthesis step, which is the next step, but is usually reacted with water.
- R 4 is an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- Specific alcohols include methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, i-propanol, n-butyl alcohol, Examples include i-butyl alcohol and t-butyl alcohol. Of these, methanol or ethanol is preferred from the viewpoint of reactivity.
- the amount of alcohol (IV) used is 0.5 to 2.0 moles, preferably 0.8 to 1.5 moles, relative to the raw material monoene compound in the carbonylation step. If the molar ratio of alcohol (IV) is 0.5 mol times or more, the remaining amount of unreacted fluoride is small, and it is preferable because the device corrosion in the subsequent process is small, and the device corrosion due to suppression of the dehydration reaction between alcohol molecules. From the viewpoint of suppression, 2.0 mol times or less is preferable.
- the reaction temperature between the acid fluoride and water or alcohol (IV) is preferably 20 ° C. or lower from the viewpoint of inhibiting the decomposition of the alicyclic carboxylic acid or alicyclic ester compound. Particularly in the reaction with alcohol (IV), a temperature of 20 ° C. or lower is preferable because a dehydration reaction between alcohol molecules can be suppressed.
- the alicyclic carboxylic acid or alicyclic ester compound having high cis-isomer selectivity is purified by a conventional method such as distillation. can get.
- the reduction of the cyclohexanecarbonyl compound represented by the general formula (II) obtained in the carbonylation step can be any method that is usually used for reducing a carbonyl compound to an alcohol, and is not particularly limited.
- hydride reduction, reduction with metals and metal salts, catalytic hydrogenation, etc. described in the 5th edition, Experimental Chemistry Course Vol. 14 (Maruzen Co., Ltd.), pages 11 to 27 can be used. Reduction by crystallization is preferred.
- the catalyst used for the catalytic hydrogenation of a cyclohexanecarbonyl compound is not particularly limited as long as it is a catalyst usually used for hydrogenation of a carbonyl compound.
- a catalyst containing at least one selected from metals of Groups 8 to 11 of the periodic table may be used. preferable.
- catalytic hydrogenation catalyst containing at least one of iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, silver, osmium, iridium, platinum, and gold.
- the catalytic hydrogenation catalyst may be a solid catalyst or a homogeneous catalyst, but is preferably a solid catalyst from the viewpoint of separability from the reactants.
- the solid catalyst include a non-supported metal catalyst and a supported metal catalyst.
- Raney catalysts such as Raney nickel, Raney cobalt and Raney copper, oxides such as platinum, palladium, rhodium and ruthenium and colloidal catalysts are preferable.
- Supported metal catalysts include magnesia, zirconia, ceria, diatomaceous earth, activated carbon, alumina, silica, zeolite, titania and other supports such as iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, silver, osmium, iridium, platinum, Examples include those in which at least one of gold is supported or mixed, such as a copper-chromium catalyst (Adkins catalyst), a copper-zinc catalyst or a supported copper catalyst such as copper-iron, and a supported platinum such as Pt / C or Pt / alumina.
- the amount of the catalytic hydrogenation catalyst used varies depending on the type of catalyst, but it is 1 to 100% by mass, preferably 3 to 30% by mass, based on the cyclohexanecarbonyl compound as a raw material.
- the reduction step of the carbonyl group of the present invention can be performed without a solvent, but a solvent may be used.
- a solvent for the carbonyl group reduction step of the present invention water, organic acids such as formic acid and acetic acid, esters such as ethyl acetate and butyl acetate, aromatic compounds such as benzene, o-dichlorobenzene, toluene and xylene, hexane, Examples thereof include hydrocarbons such as heptane and cyclohexane, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, t-butyl alcohol, ethylene glycol and diethylene glycol, ethers such as dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, dimethoxyethane and diglyme, and mixtures thereof.
- organic acids such as formic acid and acetic acid
- esters such as ethyl acetate and butyl acetate
- aromatic compounds such as benzene, o-dichlorobenzene, toluene and xylene, hexan
- no solvent or aromatic compounds such as benzene, o-dichlorobenzene, toluene, xylene, hydrocarbons such as hexane, heptane, cyclohexane, methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, t-butyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, It is preferable to use alcohols such as diethylene glycol, ethers such as dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, dimethoxyethane, diglyme, or a mixture thereof.
- the amount of the solvent used in the reduction step of the carbonyl group of the present invention is usually in the range of 0 to 30 times the mass of the cyclohexanecarbonyl compound represented by the general formula (II) obtained in the carbonylation step. However, it is preferably 0 to 20 times by mass.
- the hydrogen pressure in the carbonyl group reduction step of the present invention is preferably as high as possible from the viewpoint of moving the reaction equilibrium to the alcohol side, but is preferably 1 to 30 MPa, more preferably 2 to 20 MPa in consideration of equipment costs. 5 to 10 MPa is more preferable.
- the reaction temperature in the carbonyl group reduction step of the present invention is preferably 100 ° C. or higher, more preferably 150 ° C. or higher, from the viewpoint of obtaining a sufficient reaction rate. Also, from the viewpoint of suppressing the transesterification reaction between the produced alicyclic alcohol and the intermediate ester compound, it is preferably 300 ° C. or lower, more preferably 280 ° C. or lower, and further preferably 250 ° C. or lower.
- the form of the carbonyl group reduction step of the present invention is not particularly limited. Even when the catalytic hydrogenation is performed, the catalytic hydrogenation reaction is not particularly limited as long as the catalytic hydrogenation reaction is possible.
- a suspension bed reactor in which a catalyst is fluidized with a fluid to perform a catalytic hydrogenation reaction a fixed bed reactor in which a catalytic hydrogenation reaction is performed by filling and fixing the catalyst and supplying a fluid can be used.
- cyclohexanecarbonyl compound When an alicyclic carboxylic acid or alicyclic ester compound is used as the raw material cyclohexanecarbonyl compound, water or an alcohol having 1 to 4 carbon atoms is by-produced.
- the reaction can be carried out in the presence of them, but can also be carried out while removing them continuously or intermittently during the reaction.
- a high-purity alicyclic alcohol having a high cis-isomer content preferably cis An alicyclic alcohol having a body purity of 85% or more can be obtained.
- the cis-isomer purity of the alicyclic alcohol refers to the ratio of the cis-isomer of the alicyclic alcohol to the total amount of the alicyclic alcohol product (including all by-products such as other isomers).
- ⁇ Gas chromatography analysis conditions When analyzing monoene compounds and alicyclic alcohols, gas chromatography uses “GC-17A” (trade name; manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation) and “HR-1” (trade name; Shinwa Chemical Co., Ltd.) as a capillary column. ); 0.32 mm ⁇ ⁇ 25 m) was used. The temperature raising condition was 2 ° C./min. The temperature was raised.
- gas chromatography uses “GC-17A” (trade name; manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation) and “DBWAX” (trade name; manufactured by J &W; 0.32 mm ⁇ ⁇ 30 m ⁇ 0) as a capillary column. .25 ⁇ m) was used.
- the temperature raising condition is 5 ° C./min. The temperature was raised.
- a Cu-Cr catalyst (JGC Catalysts & Chemicals Co., Ltd.) is placed in a 5 L stainless steel autoclave with a Nack drive stirrer, three inlet nozzles at the top and one extraction nozzle at the bottom, and the internal temperature can be controlled by a jacket.
- heptane manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd .; special grade
- 500.0 g charged at 170 ° C. under a hydrogen pressure of 2 MPa for 1 hour. It was.
- Example 1 Production of ethyl 4-isopropyl-1-methylcyclohexane (hereinafter abbreviated as “DHT-ester”) by carbonylation and esterification of DH-terpinene
- DHT-ester ethyl 4-isopropyl-1-methylcyclohexane
- ⁇ Carbonylation step> The experiment was conducted using a stainless steel autoclave having an internal volume of 500 ml, equipped with a Nack drive type stirrer, three inlet nozzles at the top, and one extraction nozzle at the bottom and whose internal temperature can be controlled by a jacket. First, the inside of the autoclave was replaced with carbon monoxide, 100 g (5.0 mol) of hydrogen fluoride was introduced, the liquid temperature was ⁇ 30 ° C., and the pressure was increased to 2 MPa with carbon monoxide. While maintaining the reaction temperature at ⁇ 30 ° C.
- the reaction solution prepared in Preparation Example 1 (4-isopropyl-1-methylcyclohexene concentration 49.0%, 4-isopropyl-1-methylcyclohexane) Carbonylation reaction was carried out by supplying 201.3 g (containing 4-isopropyl-1-methylcyclohexene: 0.71 mol) from the top of the autoclave at a concentration of 1.4% and a heptane concentration of 49.6%. After completion of the feeding, stirring was continued for about 10 minutes until absorption of carbon monoxide was not observed.
- each ester in the two alicyclic ester compounds is 89.8% ethyl cis-4-isopropyl-1-methylcyclohexanecarboxylate (ester 1) and trans-4-isopropyl-1-methylcyclohexane. It was 3.8% ethyl carboxylate (ester 2), as well as other isomers (6.4%).
- reaction solution was filtered to remove the catalyst, and 85.8% (cis-4-isopropyl-1-methylcyclohexyl) methanol (alcohol 1) and (trans-4-isopropyl-1-methylcyclohexyl) methanol (alcohol 2) 3 68 g of a product (mixture) containing 5% was produced (total yield of alcohols 1 and 2 of 77 mol%, total basis of ester 1 and ester 2).
- Example 2> ⁇ Carbonylation step> The same operation as in Example 1 was carried out except that 34.3 g (1.07 mol) of methanol was used as the alcohol used for esterification.
- the composition of each ester in the two alicyclic ester compounds was 89.8% methyl cis-4-isopropyl-1-methylcyclohexanecarboxylate, and trans- Methyl 4-isopropyl-1-methylcyclohexanecarboxylate 3.8%, as well as other isomers (6.4%).
- an alicyclic alcohol useful as a blended perfume raw material or the like can be produced at low cost and in high yield. Further, it can be produced at a low CO pressure, which is an advantageous method in terms of equipment load. Furthermore, since the method of the present invention has high cis isomer selectivity, it is possible to obtain an alicyclic alcohol with excellent aroma and high cis isomer purity.
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、かかる知見に基づいて完成したものである。
[1]一般式(I)で表される不飽和炭化水素を、HFの存在下、一酸化炭素を用いてカルボニル化して、一般式(II)で表されるシクロヘキサンカルボニル化合物を得た後、該一般式(II)で表されるシクロヘキサンカルボニル化合物を還元して一般式(III)で表される脂環式アルコールを製造することを特徴とする、脂環式アルコールの製造方法。
[3]前記カルボニル化を-50~-25℃の温度で行う、[1]又は[2]記載の製造方法。
[4]前記一般式(II)におけるR3が、OR4基(R4は炭素数1から4のアルキル基を示す)である、[1]~[3]のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
[5]前記カルボニル化して得られる一般式(II)で表されるシクロヘキサンカルボニル化合物のシス体純度が85%以上である、[1]~[4]のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
[7]前記一般式(II)で表されるシクロヘキサンカルボニル化合物の還元を、周期表第8~11属金属から選ばれる少なくとも1種を含有する触媒と水素を用いて行う、[1]~[6]のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
[9]前記ジエン化合物がリモネンである、[8]記載の製造方法。
[10]前記ジエン化合物の部分還元を、周期表第8~11属金属から選ばれる少なくとも1種を含有する触媒と水素を用いて行う[8]又は[9]記載の製造方法。
[11]前記ジエン化合物の部分還元を、4MPa以下の水素圧で行う[8]~[10]のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
また、この方法を用いれば、リモネンなどの入手性に問題のない天然物を出発原料として用い、安価に高収率で目的の脂環式アルコールが得られる。さらに、本発明の方法はシス体の選択性が高く、香気に優れるシス体純度の高い脂環式アルコールが得られる。
モノエン化合物のカルボニル化反応は、HFの存在下で一酸化炭素の加圧下に実施する。これにより、下記式で表される脂環式カルボニル化合物のシス体及びトランス体が、種々の副生物(他の異性体を含む)とともに得られる。
一般式(I)で示されるモノエン化合物において、R1は炭素数1~4のアルキル基であるが、本発明で得られる一般式(III)で表される脂環式アルコールの香調の観点からメチル基、またはエチル基が好ましく、メチル基がさらに好ましい。
R2は炭素数1~4のアルキル基であるが、一般式(III)で表される脂環式アルコールの香調の観点から炭素数2~4のアルキル基が好ましい。より好ましくはイソプロピル基である。
合成されたモノエン化合物は、ろ過等による触媒の除去や蒸留等により精製を行った後使用しても良いが、通常は触媒の除去のみを行ない、モノエン化合物反応工程で使用した溶媒の分離と、反応副生物である全水素添加した副生物の分離をせずにそのまま使用し、カルボニル化反応を行う。
モノエン化合物の合成に用いられるジエン化合物(以下、「ジエン化合物」と略すこともある)としては、六員環骨格を有する炭化水素であって、該六員環骨格の1、4位のみにそれぞれ炭素数1~4の炭化水素基を有し、分子内に2つの二重結合を有する化合物が好ましく用いられる。具体的には、脂環式炭化水素類、テルペン系炭化水素類などが例示され、好ましくはリモネン、α-テルピネン、β-テルピネン、γ-テルピネン、イソリモネン、α-フェランドレン、β-フェランドレン、メノゲン、テルピノーレン、ジペンテンが例示され、より好ましくはリモネン、α-テルピネン、γ-テルピネン、α-フェランドレン、テルピノーレン、ジペンテンが例示され、更に好ましくは入手性の観点からリモネンが例示される。リモネンは、オレンジやレモンやグレープフルーツの皮から得られる天然精油中に多量に含有されており、水蒸気蒸留によって容易に98%純度のものが得られる。また、リモネンには他用途もあり工業的に生産されているので、安価に入手できる。
水素化触媒は、固体触媒でも均一系触媒でも良いが、反応物との分離性の観点から固体触媒が好ましい。
本発明のカルボニル化工程に使用する一酸化炭素は、窒素やメタン等の不活性ガスが含まれていても良いが、一酸化炭素分圧として0.5~5MPa、好ましくは1~3MPaの範囲で実施する。一酸化炭素分圧が0.5MPaより高ければ、カルボニル化反応が十分に進行し、不均化や重合等の副反応が併発せず、高収率に目的物である脂環式カルボニル化合物を得ることができる。また一酸化炭素分圧は5MPa以下であることが設備負荷の観点から好ましい。
カルボニル化工程に使用するHFは、反応の溶媒であり、触媒であり、かつ副原料となるため、実質的に無水のものを用いる。HFの使用量は、原料のモノエン化合物に対して4~15モル倍、好ましくは6~10モル倍である。HFのモル比が4モル倍以上あれば、カルボニル化反応は効率良く進行し、不均化や重合等の副反応を抑制でき、高収率で目的物である脂環式カルボニル化合物を得ることができる。また、原料コスト及び生産性の観点から15モル倍以下のHFの使用が好ましい。
カルボニル化反応の形式には特に制限なく、回分式、半連続式、連続式等の何れの方法でも良い。
R4-OH (IV)
で表されるアルコール(式(IV)中、R4は炭素数1~4のアルキル基;以下、「アルコール(IV)」と略すこともある)と反応させて脂環式エステル化合物(一般式(II)においてR3=OR4)とする方法が採られる。設備負荷の観点から脂環式エステル化合物へと変換することが好ましい。すなわち、本発明の一般式(II)で表される化合物としては、カルボン酸または酸フルオライドよりもエステルがより望ましい。
カルボニル化反応で生成した反応液を水またはアルコール(IV)と反応させて脂環式カルボン酸または脂環式エステル化合物を合成する場合、酸フロライドを一旦分離した後、再度HF触媒下で水またはアルコール(IV)と反応させても良いが、通常は、酸フロライドの分離なしにそのまま水またはアルコール(IV)と反応させ、脂環式カルボン酸を製造する方法が採られる。反応装置の腐食性の観点から、この際、酸フロライド反応液に所定量の水またはアルコール(IV)を添加していく方法が好ましい。
カルボニル基の還元工程では、カルボニル化工程で得られた一般式(II)で表されるシクロヘキサンカルボニル化合物のシス体及びトランス体が、対応する脂環式アルコールのシス体とトランス体に還元される。
本発明のカルボニル基の還元工程は無溶媒で行うことができるが、溶媒を使用しても良い。
本発明のカルボニル基の還元工程における水素の圧力は、反応平衡をアルコール側に移動させるという観点からは高圧ほど好ましいが、設備コストを考慮して、1~30MPaが好ましく、2~20MPaがより好ましく、5~10MPaが更に好ましい。
ここで、脂環式アルコールのシス体純度とは、脂環式アルコール生成物(他の異性体などのすべての副生物を含む)全量に対する脂環式アルコールのシス体の割合をいう。
モノエン化合物と脂環式アルコールを分析する場合、ガスクロマトグラフィーは、「GC-17A」(商品名;(株)島津製作所製)と、キャピラリーカラムとして「HR-1」(商品名;信和化工(株)製;0.32mmφ×25m)を用いた。昇温条件は100℃から250℃まで2℃/min.で昇温した。
ナックドライブ式撹拌機と上部に3個の入口ノズル、底部に1個の抜き出しノズルを備え、ジャケットにより内部温度を制御できる内容積500mlのステンレス製オートクレーブを用いて実験を行った。
まずオートクレーブ内部を一酸化炭素で置換した後、フッ化水素100g(5.0モル)を導入し、液温-30℃とした後、一酸化炭素にて2MPaまで加圧した。
反応温度を-30℃に保持し、かつ反応圧力を2MPaに保ちながら、調製例1で調製した反応液(4-イソプロピル-1-メチルシクロヘキセン濃度49.0%、4-イソプロピル-1-メチルシクロヘキサン濃度1.4%、ヘプタン濃度49.6%)201.3g(4-イソプロピル-1-メチルシクロヘキセン:0.71モルを含有)をオートクレーブ上部より供給してカルボニル化反応を行った。供給終了後、一酸化炭素の吸収が認められなくなるまで約10分間撹拌を継続した。
引き続いて、反応温度を-30℃に保持しながら、エタノールをオートクレーブ上部より49.3g(1.07モル)供給して、撹拌下にて1時間エステル化を行った。
反応液をオートクレーブ底部より氷水中に抜き出し、油相と水相を分離した後、油相を2%苛性ソーダ水溶液100mlで2回,蒸留水100mlで2回洗浄し、10gの無水硫酸ナトリウムで脱水した。得られた液をガスクロマトグラフィーで分析した結果、反応液には以下の2つの脂環式エステル化合物が含まれることが判明した。
<カルボニル化工程>
エステル化に使用するアルコールにメタノール34.3g(1.07モル)を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様の操作を行った。
メタノールとのエステル化反応液を分析した結果、2つの脂環式エステル化合物中に占める各々のエステルの組成は、シス-4-イソプロピル-1-メチルシクロヘキサンカルボン酸メチル89.8%、及びトランス-4-イソプロピル-1-メチルシクロヘキサンカルボン酸メチル3.8%、並びに他の異性体(6.4%)であった。
6.3gのアルミナに担持した銅-亜鉛触媒、原料として125gのエステル混合物(シス-4-イソプロピル-1-メチルシクロヘキサンカルボン酸メチルを89.4%、トランス-4-イソプロピル-1-メチルシクロヘキサンカルボン酸メチルを3.6%含有)を用い、反応時間を8時間とした以外は実施例1と同様の還元操作を行い、(シス-4-イソプロピル-1-メチルシクロヘキシル)メタノール86.2%、及び(トランス-4-イソプロピル-1-メチルシクロヘキシル)メタノール3.5%を含む製品(混合物)を91g製造した(アルコール1とアルコール2の合計収率81モル%、シス-4-イソプロピル-1-メチルシクロヘキサンカルボン酸メチルとトランス-4-イソプロピル-1-メチルシクロヘキサンカルボン酸メチルの合計基準)。
Claims (11)
- 前記カルボニル化を5MPa以下の一酸化炭素圧で行う、請求項1記載の製造方法。
- 前記カルボニル化を-50~-25℃の温度で行う、請求項1又は2記載の製造方法。
- 前記一般式(II)におけるR3が、OR4基(R4は炭素数1から4のアルキル基を示す)である、請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- 前記カルボニル化して得られる一般式(II)で表されるシクロヘキサンカルボニル化合物のシス体純度が85%以上である、請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- 前記一般式(II)で表されるシクロヘキサンカルボニル化合物の還元を、水素を用いて行う、請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- 前記一般式(II)で表されるシクロヘキサンカルボニル化合物の還元を、周期表第8~11属金属から選ばれる少なくとも1種を含有する触媒と水素を用いて行う請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- 前記一般式(I)で表される不飽和炭化水素が、ジエン化合物の部分還元で得られたものである、請求項1~7のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- 前記ジエン化合物がリモネンである、請求項8記載の製造方法。
- 前記ジエン化合物の部分還元を、周期表第8~11属金属から選ばれる少なくとも1種を含有する触媒と水素を用いて行う請求項8又は9記載の製造方法。
- 前記ジエン化合物の部分還元を、4MPa以下の水素圧で行う請求項8~10のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
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